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Putera AM, Ramadhianty L. Factors Determining Course of IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:514. [PMID: 37945983 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azwin Mengindra Putera
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Lailita Ramadhianty
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Warren CM, Bartell TR. Sociodemographic inequities in food allergy: Insights on food allergy from birth cohorts. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14125. [PMID: 38656700 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A large and growing corpus of epidemiologic studies suggests that the population-level burden of pediatric FA is not equitably distributed across major sociodemographic groups, including race, ethnicity, household income, parental educational attainment, and sex. As is the case for more extensively studied allergic disease states such as asthma and atopic dermatitis epidemiologic data suggest that FA may be more prevalent among certain populations experiencing lower socioeconomic status (SES), particularly those with specific racial and ethnic minority backgrounds living in highly urbanized regions. Emerging data also indicate that these patients may also experience more severe FA-related physical health, psychosocial, and economic outcomes relating to chronic disease management. However, many studies that have identified sociodemographic inequities in FA burden are limited by cross-sectional designs that are subject to numerous biases. Compared with cross-sectional study designs or cohorts established later in life, birth cohorts offer advantages relative to other study designs when investigators seek to understand causal relationships between exposures occurring during the prenatal or postnatal period and the atopic disease status of individuals later in life. Numerous birth cohorts have been established across recent decades, which include evaluation of food allergy-related outcomes, and a subset of these also have measured sociodemographic variables that, together, have the potential to shed light on the existence and possible etiology of sociodemographic inequities in food allergy. This manuscript reports the findings of a comprehensive survey of the current state of this birth cohort literature and draws insights into what is currently known, and what further information can potentially be gleaned from thoughtful examination and further follow-up of ongoing birth cohorts across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Warren
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tami R Bartell
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Patrick M. Magoon Institute for Healthy Communities, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Elbany C, Braun C, Lazizi S, Paradis L, Des Roches A, Samaan K, Labrosse R, Graham F, Bégin P. Effect-modifying impact of age on sex-based differences during oral immunotherapy. Allergy 2024; 79:526-529. [PMID: 38087863 DOI: 10.1111/all.15980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Elbany
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Camille Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Pneumology, Allergy, Cystic Fibrosis, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Selma Lazizi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Paradis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne Des Roches
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathryn Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxane Labrosse
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Bégin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Rajput S, Vininski MS, Lehmann LA, Hobbs NJ, Dolence JJ. Androgen receptor signaling protects male mice from the development of immune response to peanut. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 12:60-71. [PMID: 37736075 PMCID: PMC10509486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peanut (PN) allergy is a major public health concern. Recent research has brought clarity about how individuals become sensitized to PN allergen with routes known through the skin, as well as the airway. Still unclear, however, is the role of sex hormones on the development of allergic immune responses to PN. This study examines the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in regulating PN-specific immune responses. METHODS We utilized a 4-week inhalation mouse model of PN allergy that is known to drive the production of PN-specific antibodies and elicit systemic anaphylaxis following PN challenge. Wildtype (WT) male, female, and androgen receptor-deficient testicular feminization mutant (ARTfm) male mice were examined using this model to document sex differences in PN allergy. To determine if sex differences also existed in the cellular immune response, this study utilized a 3-day inhalation mouse model of PN to examine the response of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). WT male and female mice were examined using this model to document sex differences in ILC2 response within the lungs. RESULTS AR use is critical in regulating PN-specific antibody levels. We found that ARTfm males have a higher antibody response and significantly worse anaphylactic response following PN challenge relative to WT males. WT males also exhibit a less severe anaphylactic response compared to ARTfm male and female mice. Lastly, we discovered that lung ILC2s from female mice respond more robustly to PN compared to ILC2s within WT male mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study suggests that male sex hormones, namely androgens, negatively regulate allergic immune responses to PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Rajput
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney Kearney, NE, USA
| | - McKenna S Vininski
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney Kearney, NE, USA
| | - Leigh-Anne Lehmann
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney Kearney, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hobbs
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney Kearney, NE, USA
| | - Joseph J Dolence
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney Kearney, NE, USA
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Alotiby AA, Alrashidi HE. Prevalence of Food Allergy and Common Food Allergen Among Saudi Adults in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1851-1859. [PMID: 36597477 PMCID: PMC9805737 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s394526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of food allergy (FA) in the Makkah region has received little attention, so we conducted this study to estimate the prevalence of FA in adults. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted online among 531 participants with or without a prior diagnosis of FA. The collected data related to socio-demographics (age and gender), whether the participant had been medically diagnosed with any food allergens, and assessing the prevalence of different food allergens. Results Only 93 (17.5%) of the 531 people screened positive for FA; females (65.6%) predominated, with 37.6% aged 40-59. The type of food for allergy was: eggs (47%), seafood (44%), fruits (40%), nuts and legumes (37%), milk and dairy products (25%), vegetables (17%), sesame (11%), wheat (9%), soy (8%), 2% to chili peppers, and only 1% honey and chocolate. Conclusion Both genders were allergic to eggs, followed by seafood, fruits, nuts, and legumes, and milk and dairy products, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna A Alotiby
- Haematology and Immunology Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Amna A Alotiby, Haematology and Immunology Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia, Makkah, Email
| | - Hanan E Alrashidi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, AL-Madinah Almunoarah, Saudi Arabia
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Vininski MS, Rajput S, Hobbs NJ, Dolence JJ. Understanding sex differences in the allergic immune response to food. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 6:90-105. [PMID: 38314333 PMCID: PMC10836331 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2022009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergies are of great public health concern due to their rising prevalence. Our understanding of how the immune system reacts to food remains incomplete. Allergic responses vary between individuals with food allergies. This variability could be caused by genetic, environmental, hormonal, or metabolic factors that impact immune responses mounted against allergens found in foods. Peanut (PN) allergy is one of the most severe and persistent of food allergies, warranting examination into how sensitization occurs to drive IgE-mediated allergic reactions. In recent years, much has been learned about the mechanisms behind the initiation of IgE-mediated food allergies, but additional questions remain. One unresolved issue is whether sex hormones impact the development of food allergies. Sex differences are known to exist in other allergic diseases, so this poses the question about whether the same phenomenon is occurring in food allergies. Studies show that females exhibit a higher prevalence of atopic conditions, such as allergic asthma and eczema, relative to males. Discovering such sex differences in allergic diseases provide a basis for investigating the mechanisms of how hormones influence the development of IgE-mediated reactions to foods. Analysis of existing food allergy demographics found that they occur more frequently in male children and adult females, which is comparable to allergic asthma. This paper reviews existing allergic mechanisms, sensitization routes, as well as how sex hormones may play a role in how the immune system reacts to common food allergens such as PN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas J. Hobbs
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Joseph J. Dolence
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
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Germundson DL, Nookala S, Smith NA, Warda Y, Nagamoto-Combs K. HLA-II Alleles Influence Physical and Behavioral Responses to a Whey Allergen in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Cow's Milk Allergy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:870513. [PMID: 35769584 PMCID: PMC9234862 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.870513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The symptoms of food allergies vary significantly between individuals, likely due to genetic determinants. In humans, allergy development is initiated by antigen-presenting cells via class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA-II). The HLA-II gene is highly polymorphic, and its allelic variance is thought to influence the susceptibility of individuals to a particular allergen. However, whether antigen presentation by different HLA-II variants contributes to symptom variation is not clear. We hypothesized that HLA-II allelic variance affects symptom phenotypes, including immediate physical reactions and delayed behavioral changes, in individuals with food hypersensitivity. To test our hypothesis, male and female mice of three transgenic strains expressing an HLA-II variant, DR3, DR15, or DQ8, were used to establish a cow's milk allergy model. Mice were sensitized to a bovine whey allergen, β-lactoglobulin (BLG; Bos d 5), weekly for 5 weeks, followed by an acute oral allergen challenge. At 30 min post-challenge, BLG-sensitized DR3 mice showed moderate to severe anaphylaxis resulting in perioral redness, swelling, and death. In contrast, DQ8 and DR15 mice were generally asymptomatic. The production of allergen-specific immunoglobulins was also HLA- and sex-dependent. Both male and female DR3 and female DR15 mice significantly increased BLG-specific IgE production, while robust elevation in BLG-specific IgG1 was observed in sensitized DQ8 mice of both sexes and, to a lesser extent, in DR15 males. Furthermore, BLG-sensitized DR15 mice showed sex-specific behavior changes, with males exhibiting mobility changes and anxiety-like behavior and females showing spatial memory impairment. When splenocytes from transgenic mice were stimulated in vitro with BLG, phenotypes of immune cells were HLA- and sex-specific, further underscoring the influence of HLA-II on immune responses. Our results support that HLA-II alleles influence behavioral responses in addition to immune and physical reactions of food allergy, suggesting that certain HLA-II variants may predispose individuals to food-allergy-associated behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Germundson
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Translational Sciences Graduate Program, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Suba Nookala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Translational Sciences Graduate Program, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Yassmine Warda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
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Juel-Berg N, Larsen LF, Küchen N, Norgil I, Hansen KS, Poulsen LK. Patterns of Clinical Reactivity in a Danish Cohort of Tree Nut Allergic Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:824660. [PMID: 35958942 PMCID: PMC9361471 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.824660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tree nut allergy is associated with severe reactions and poly-sensitization to other nuts and peanuts often occurs. There are regional differences in sensitization profiles that result in differences in clinical presentation. Denmark is located in a birch pollen endemic area, which could influence the allergy patterns due to pollen cross-sensitization. Objective This study aimed to investigate patterns of sensitization and clinical reactivity to tree nuts and peanuts and threshold levels for oral food challenges (OFCs) in a Danish cohort of tree nut allergic children, adolescents, and young adults. Methods Forty tree nut allergic subjects were assessed for clinical reactivity to six nuts, i.e., hazelnut, walnut, pistachio, cashew, almond, and peanut, by OFCs or convincing medical history of an immediate allergic reaction or tolerance. Clinical presentation and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels together with eliciting dose and rescue medication in OFCs were furthermore assessed. Results Allergy to two or more tree nuts was observed in most cases. Hazelnut-walnut dual allergy was common but not exclusively observed as concomitant allergies. Allergy to cashew was coincided in all but one of the assessed subjects with pistachio allergy. Half of all assessed subjects were allergic to peanuts. Oral symptoms followed by a skin reaction were the most common symptomatology that lead to OFC cessation and subjects often presented with symptoms from two or more organ systems. OFC threshold levels were within the same range, but cashew was distinguished from other nuts by causing allergic symptoms at the lowest dose. Clinical reactivity and the allergy patterns were to some extent reflected by sIgE levels and by correlations in sIgE between the nuts. Conclusions In this Northern European cohort, subjects with clinically relevant tree nut allergy were generally allergic to two or more tree nuts and close to half of them also to peanuts. There were two distinct and independent allergic phenotypes; the majority of hazelnut allergic subjects were also allergic to walnut, and all but one subject with cashew allergy were dual allergic to pistachio. These findings are consistent with a strong sIgE correlation between hazelnut and walnut and a close to total sIgE correlation between cashew and pistachio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Juel-Berg
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lau Fabricius Larsen
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Niels Küchen
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ida Norgil
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Skamstrup Hansen
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars K. Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Lars K. Poulsen
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Ur-Rahman SJ, Jahangir Chughtai MF, Khaliq A, Mehmood T, Liaqat A, Ahsan S, Pasha I, Tanweer S, Nadeem M, Tahir AB. Food-induced anaphylaxis: causes, risk factors and clinical management. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1911959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Junaid Ur-Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khaliq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Atif Liaqat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Ahsan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Imran Pasha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Tanweer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Assam Bin Tahir
- Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health & Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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10
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Lower Functional and Proportional Characteristics of Cord Blood Treg of Male Newborns Compared with Female Newborns. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020170. [PMID: 33572097 PMCID: PMC7915235 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the early events involved in the induction of immune tolerance to harmless environmental antigens and microbiota compounds could reveal potential targets for allergic disease therapy or prevention. Regulatory T cells (Treg), particularly induced Treg (iTreg), are crucial for the induction and maintenance of tolerance against environmental antigens including allergens. A decrease in the number and/or function of Treg or iTreg could represent an early predictor of allergy development. We analyzed proportional and functional properties of Treg in the cord blood of children of allergic mothers (neonates at high risk of allergy development) and healthy mothers (neonates with relatively low risk of allergy development). We observed a higher number of induced Treg in the cord blood of females compared to males, suggesting an impaired capacity of male immunity to set up tolerance to allergens, which could contribute to the higher incidence of allergy observed in male infants. The decreased proportion of iTreg in cord blood compared with maternal peripheral blood documents the general immaturity of the neonatal immune system. We observed a positive correlation in the demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) and the proportion of Treg in cord blood. Our data suggest that immaturity of the neonatal immune system is more severe in males, predisposing them to increased risk of allergy development.
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Benedé S, Berin MC. Applications of Mouse Models to the Study of Food Allergy. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2223:1-17. [PMID: 33226583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1001-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models of allergic disease offer numerous advantages when compared to the models of other animals. However, selection of appropriate mouse models is critical to advance the field of food allergy by revealing mechanisms of allergy and for testing novel therapeutic approaches. All current mouse models for food allergy have weaknesses that may limit their applicability to human disease. Aspects such as the genetic predisposition to allergy or tolerance from the strain of mouse used, allergen dose, route of exposure (oral, intranasal, intraperitoneal, or epicutaneous), damage of the epithelial barrier, use of adjuvants, food matrix effects, or composition of the microbiota should be considered prior to the selection of a specific murine model and contemplated according to the intended purpose of the study. This chapter reviews our current knowledge on the application of mouse models to food allergy research and the variables that may influence the successful development of each type of model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Casali P, Shen T, Xu Y, Qiu Z, Chupp DP, Im J, Xu Z, Zan H. Estrogen Reverses HDAC Inhibitor-Mediated Repression of Aicda and Class-Switching in Antibody and Autoantibody Responses by Downregulation of miR-26a. Front Immunol 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 32265934 PMCID: PMC7105609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen contributes to females' strong antibody response to microbial vaccines and proneness to autoimmunity, particularly antibody-mediated systemic autoimmunity, in females. We have hypothesized that this is due to estrogen-mediated potentiation of class switch DNA recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). As we have shown, estrogen boosts AID expression, which is critical for both CSR and SHM, through upregulation of HoxC4, which together with NF-κB critically mediates Aicda (AID gene) promoter activation. We contend here that additional regulation of Aicda expression by estrogen occurs through epigenetic mechanisms. As we have shown, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate and propionate as well as the pharmacologic HDI valproic acid upregulate miRNAs that silence AID expression, thereby modulating specific antibody responses in C57BL/6 mice and autoantibody responses in lupus-prone MRL/Faslpr/lpr mice. Here, using constitutive knockout Esr1-/- mice and B cells as well as conditional knockout Aicdacre/creEsr1flox/flox mice and B cells, we showed that the HDI-mediated downregulation of Aicda expression as well as the maturation of antibody and autoantibody responses is reversed by estrogen and enhanced by deletion of ERα or E2 inhibition. Estrogen's reversion of HDI-mediated inhibition of Aicda and CSR in antibody and autoantibody responses occurred through downregulation of B cell miR-26a, which, as we showed, targets Aicda mRNA 3'UTR. miR-26a was significantly upregulated by HDIs. Accordingly, enforced expression of miR-26a reduced Aicda expression and CSR, while miR-26a-sponges (competitive inhibitors of miR-26a) increased Aicda expression and CSR. Thus, our findings show that estrogen reverses the HDI-mediated downregulation of AID expression and CSR through selective modulation of miR-26a. They also provide mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory activity of this hormone and a proof-of-principle for using combined ER inhibitor-HDI as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Casali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Zan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic diseases represent a growing global health concern, especially among pediatric populations. Current strategies for the treatment of allergies and asthma focus on limiting the severity of the symptoms; however, additional research investigating the mechanisms promoting inflammation in the context of allergic reactions may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Novel studies have highlighted the contributions of innate lymphocytes to the induction of inflammatory responses to allergens. Remarkably, neuron-derived signals, hormones, and even vitamins have been suggested to modulate the activity of innate lymphocytes, opening new windows of opportunity for the treatment of allergic inflammation. SUMMARY These studies highlight the complex interactions of the nervous, endocrine, and immune system that promote pathology in the context of allergic inflammation. Further studies are required to understand these interactions in order to aid in the development of novel and much-needed therapies to treat allergic conditions.
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Christoforidou Z, Mora Ortiz M, Poveda C, Abbas M, Walton G, Bailey M, Lewis MC. Sexual Dimorphism in Immune Development and in Response to Nutritional Intervention in Neonatal Piglets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2705. [PMID: 31921096 PMCID: PMC6911813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sex disparity in immunological function and susceptibility to various inflammatory and infectious disease is recognized in adults, far less is known about the situation in young infants during immune development. We have used an outbred piglet model to explore potential early sex disparity underlying both mucosal immune development and systemic responses to novel antigen. Despite similarities in intestinal barrier function and therefore, presumably, antigen exposure, females had less CD172+ (Sirp-α) antigen presenting cells and expression of MHCIIDR at 28 days old compared to males, along with greater regulatory T-cell numbers. This suggests that, during infancy, females may have greater potential for local immune regulation than their male counterparts. However, females also presented with significantly greater systemic antibody responses to injected ovalbumin and dietary soya. Females also synthesized significantly more IgA in mesenteric lymph nodes, whereas males synthesized more in caecal mucosa, suggesting that plasma cells were retained within the MLN in females, but increased numbers of plasma cells circulated through to the mucosal tissue in males. Significant effects of inulin and Bifidobacterium lactis NCC2818 on the developing immune system were also sex-dependent. Our results may start to explain inconsistencies in outcomes of trials of functional foods in infants, as distinction between males and females is seldom made. Since later functionality of the immune system is highly dependent on appropriate development during infancy, stratifying nutritional interventions by sex may present a novel means of optimizing treatments and preventative strategies to reduce the risk of the development of immunological disorders in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Christoforidou
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Mora Ortiz
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Munawar Abbas
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Walton
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bailey
- Infection and Immunity, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marie C Lewis
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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15
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Significant predictive factors of the severity and outcomes of the first attack of acute angioedema in children. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:423. [PMID: 31707983 PMCID: PMC6844047 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The initial episode of angioedema in children can be potential life-threatening due to the lack of prompt identification and treatment. We aimed to analyze the factors predicting the severity and outcomes of the first attack of acute angioedema in children. Methods This was a retrospective study with 406 children (< 18 years) who presented in the emergency department (ED) with an initial episode of acute angioedema and who had subsequent follow-up visits in the out-patient department from January 2008 to December 2014. The severity of the acute angioedema was categorized as severe (requiring hospital admission), moderate (requiring a stay in the short-term pediatric observation unit [POU]), or mild (discharged directly from the ED). The associations among the disease severity, patient demographics and clinical presentation were analyzed. Result In total, 109 (26.8%) children had severe angioedema, and the majority of those children were male (65.1%). Most of the children were of preschool age (56.4%), and only 6.4% were adolescents. The co-occurrence of pyrexia or urticaria, etiologies of the angioedema related to medications or infections, the presence of respiratory symptoms, and a history of allergies (asthma, allergic rhinitis) were predictors of severe angioedema (all p < 0.05). Finally, the duration of angioedema was significantly shorter in children who had received short-term POU treatment (2.1 ± 1.1 days) than in those who discharged from ED directly (2.3 ± 1.4 days) and admitted to the hospital (3.5 ± 2.0 days) (p < 0.001). Conclusion The co-occurrence of pyrexia or urticaria, etiologies related to medications or infections, the presence of respiratory symptoms, and a history of allergies were predictors of severe angioedema. More importantly, short-term POU observation and prompt treatment might be benefit for patients who did not require hospital admission.
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16
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Smith NA, Germundson DL, Combs CK, Vendsel LP, Nagamoto-Combs K. Astrogliosis Associated With Behavioral Abnormality in a Non-anaphylactic Mouse Model of Cow's Milk Allergy. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:320. [PMID: 31379506 PMCID: PMC6646667 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is complex, involving multiple factors that can affect the type and severity of symptoms. Although precise causes are far from being identified, allergy or other forms of hypersensitivity to dietary ingredients have been implicated in triggering or worsening of behavioral and emotional symptoms, especially in patients suffering from depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity, and/or autism. Among such ingredients, cow's milk, along with wheat gluten, is commonly suspected. However, the contributory role of cow's milk in these disorders has not been elucidated due to insufficient pathophysiological evidence. In the present study, we therefore investigated neuroinflammatory changes that are associated with behavioral abnormality using a non-anaphylactic mouse model of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Male and female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a 5-week oral sensitization procedure without or with a major milk allergen, beta-lactoglobulin (BLG). All mice were then later challenged with BLG, and their anxiety- and depression-associated behaviors were subsequently assessed during the 6th and 7th weeks. We found that BLG-sensitized male mice exhibited significantly increased anxiety- and depression-like behavior, although they did not display anaphylactic reactions when challenged with BLG. Female behavior was not noticeably affected by BLG sensitization. Upon examination of the small intestines, reduced immunoreactivity to occludin was detected in the ileal mucosa of BLG-sensitized mice although the transcriptional expression of this tight-junction protein was not significantly altered when measured by quantitative RT-PCR. On the other hand, the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the ileal mucosa was significantly elevated in BLG-sensitized mice, suggesting the sensitization had resulted in intestinal inflammation. Inflammatory responses were also detected in the brain of BLG-sensitized mice, determined by the hypertrophic morphology of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes. These reactive astrocytes were particularly evident near the blood vessels in the midbrain region, resembling the perivascular barrier previously reported by others in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mouse models. Interestingly, increased levels of COX-2 and TNFα were also found in this region. Taken together, our results demonstrated that BLG sensitization elicits inflammatory responses in the intestine and brain without overt anaphylactic signs of milk allergy, signifying food allergy as a potential pathogenic factor of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Danielle L Germundson
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Lane P Vendsel
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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17
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Spoerl D, Bastid C, Ramadan S, Frossard JL, Caubet JC, Roux-Lombard P. Identifying True Celiac Disease and Wheat Allergy in the Era of Fashion Driven Gluten-Free Diets. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:132-141. [PMID: 30897589 DOI: 10.1159/000497115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing both celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA) might be challenging due to the increasingly popular gluten-free diets. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the value of anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTGIgA) and wheat-specific IgE (WIgE), and identifies clinical and serological features associated with CD and WA. METHOD Serological markers of autoimmunity and allergy along with medical charts of patients assessed for tTGIgA and WIgE between 2010 and 2016 were evaluated. RESULTS During the last years, an increasing number of patients have been tested for tTGIgA, while the number of positive results decreased linearly. Among the 2,965 patients included, 128 patients showed at least once a positive tTGIgA. All patients with tTGIgA levels higher than the 12-fold upper normal limit had CD. The ratio of tTGIgA/total IgA did not perform better as a diagnostic test for CD compared to tTGIgA. tTGIgA and anti-nuclear antibodies were significantly associated. WA was only rarely investigated, particularly in adults. However, positive WIgE were found in nearly 50% of the cases. WIgE and tTGIgA values were negatively correlated. CONCLUSIONS tTGIgA were increasingly tested, while the rate of positive results decreased in recent years, possibly reflecting the impact of current alimentary trends on clinical practice. Associated autoimmune disease was frequently found in CD. High levels of tTGIgA accurately predicted CD diagnosis. WA was rarely investigated and deserves more attention, in particular in children with atopic background. WA does not seem to be associated with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Spoerl
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, .,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,
| | - Caroline Bastid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salim Ramadan
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Frossard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Roux-Lombard
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Shah R, Newcomb DC. Sex Bias in Asthma Prevalence and Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2997. [PMID: 30619350 PMCID: PMC6305471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-related differences in asthma prevalence are well established and change through the reproductive phases of life. As children, boys have increased prevalence of asthma compared to girls. However, as adults, women have increased prevalence of asthma compared to men. Many factors, including genetics, environment, immunological responses, and sex hormones, affect the sex disparity associated with the development and control of asthma and other allergic diseases. Fluctuations of hormones during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause, alter asthma symptoms and severity. In this article, we review clinical and epidemiological studies that examined the sex disparity in asthma and other allergic diseases as well as the role of sex hormones on asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Shah
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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19
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Defining Dysbiosis in Disorders of Movement and Motivation. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9414-9422. [PMID: 30381433 PMCID: PMC6209841 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1672-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a critical player in shaping and modulating brain function and has been shown to influence numerous behaviors, including anxiety and depression-like behaviors, sociability, and cognition. However, the effects of the gut microbiota on specific disorders associated with thalamo-cortico-basal ganglia circuits, ranging from compulsive behavior and addiction to altered sensation and motor output, are only recently being explored. Wholesale depletion and alteration of gut microbial communities in rodent models of disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, autism, and addiction, robustly affect movement and motivated behavior. A new frontier therefore lies in identifying specific microbial alterations that affect these behaviors and understanding the underlying mechanisms of action. Comparing alterations in gut microbiota across multiple basal-ganglia associated disease states allows for identification of common mechanistic pathways that may interact with distinct environmental and genetic risk factors to produce disease-specific outcomes.
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20
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Carmichael DA, Smees R, Shillcock RC, Simner J. Is there a burden attached to synaesthesia? Health screening of synaesthetes in the general population. Br J Psychol 2018; 110:530-548. [PMID: 30281144 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synaesthesia has long been considered a benign alternative form of perception most often associated with positive rather than negative outcomes. The condition has been associated with a variety of cognitive and perceptual advantages, including benefits in memory, processing speed, and creativity. It is not currently recognized in the DSM-IV. Recently, however, several studies have raised the question of a possible link between synaesthesia and clinical conditions. Here, we present the first large-scale screening of the general population in which we (1) objectively identified grapheme-colour synaesthetes and (2) elicited information from our participants about a range of clinical conditions. We compared the prevalence rates of these conditions in synaesthetes versus non-synaesthetes to establish whether any conditions were found at a higher rate among synaesthetes. In our initial study, screening 3,742 people (95 synaesthetes and 3,647 controls), we found initially that grapheme-colour was significantly comorbid with two conditions (anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder). In our second study, screening a new population of 120 synaesthetes and 166 non-synaesthetes, we replicated our finding that grapheme-colour synaesthesia is comorbid with anxiety disorder. At the same time, we also addressed a methodological concern that likely elevated rates of OCD in Study 1. We consider the aetiology of synaesthesia to determine whether there may be a shared genetic or neurological basis with anxiety disorder, and we question the status of synaesthesia within a mental health framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard C Shillcock
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK.,School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julia Simner
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Longitudinal Variation of Amino Acid Levels in Human Milk and Their Associations with Infant Gender. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091233. [PMID: 30189593 PMCID: PMC6163519 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is discussed that specific amino acids (AAs) have functional roles in early life. Understanding the AA composition in human milk (HM) during lactation assists in specifying these roles. To this end we assessed the levels of free AAs (FAAs), total AAs (free and bound, TAAs) and protein levels in HM in the first 6 months of lactation, and evaluated possible associations with infant gender. HM samples of 25 healthy Dutch mothers participating in the PreventCD study were collected monthly during the first 6 months of lactation. Of the participating mothers, 12 gave birth to a boy and 13 gave birth to a girl. Analyses of the HM samples revealed that levels of free glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, glycine, and serine significantly increased during months 1–3 of lactation, both in absolute sense and relative to TAA levels. Evaluation of gender differences by mixed model analyses revealed an association between female infant gender and higher protein content (p = 0.0465) and TAA content (p = 0.0362) in HM during the first 3 months of lactation. Furthermore, there was a tendency for an association of male infant gender with higher levels of free glutamine (p = 0.0948) in HM during the first 3 months of lactation. These results show that FAA, TAA and protein levels in HM display a time-specific occurrence during lactation. Moreover, although confirmation is necessary in view of the small sample size, this study indicates that the AA composition in HM shows differential effects of the infant’s sex.
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22
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Germundson DL, Smith NA, Vendsel LP, Kelsch AV, Combs CK, Nagamoto-Combs K. Oral sensitization to whey proteins induces age- and sex-dependent behavioral abnormality and neuroinflammatory responses in a mouse model of food allergy: a potential role of mast cells. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:120. [PMID: 29685134 PMCID: PMC5913881 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has strengthened the association of food allergy with neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and autism. However, underlying mechanisms by which peripheral allergic responses lead to behavioral dysfunction are yet to be determined. Allergen-activated mast cells may serve as mediators by releasing histamine and other inflammatory factors that could adversely affect brain function. We hypothesized that eliciting food allergy in experimental animals would result in behavioral changes accompanied by mast cell accumulation in the brain. Our hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of milk allergy using bovine milk whey proteins (WP) as the allergen. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 mice at 4 weeks (young) and 10 months (old) of age underwent 5-week WP sensitization with weekly intragastric administration of 20 mg WP and 10 μg cholera toxin as an adjuvant. Age-matched sham animals were given the vehicle containing only the adjuvant. All animals were orally challenged with 50 mg WP in week 6 and their intrinsic digging behavior was assessed the next day. Animals were sacrificed 3 days after the challenge, and WP-specific serum IgE, intestinal and brain mast cells, glial activation, and epigenetic DNA modification in the brain were examined. RESULTS WP-sensitized males showed significantly less digging activity than the sham males in both age groups while no apparent difference was observed in females. Mast cells and their activities were evident in the intestines in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Brain mast cells were predominantly located in the region between the lateral midbrain and medial hippocampus, and their number increased in the WP-sensitized young, but not old, male brains. Noticeable differences in for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine immunoreactivity were observed in WP mice of both age groups in the amygdala, suggesting epigenetic regulation. Increased microglial Iba1 immunoreactivity and perivascular astrocytes hypertrophy were also observed in the WP-sensitized old male mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that food allergy induced behavioral abnormality, increases in the number of mast cells, epigenetic DNA modification in the brain, microgliosis, and astrocyte hypertrophy in a sex- and age-dependent manner, providing a potential mechanism by which peripheral allergic responses evoke behavioral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Germundson
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Nicholas A Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Lane P Vendsel
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Andrea V Kelsch
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA.
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23
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Liu X, Hong X, Tsai HJ, Mestan KK, Shi M, Kefi A, Hao K, Chen Q, Wang G, Caruso D, Geng H, Gao Y, He J, Kumar R, Wang H, Yu Y, Bartell T, Tan XD, Schleimer RP, Weeks DE, Pongracic JA, Wang X. Genome-wide association study of maternal genetic effects and parent-of-origin effects on food allergy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0043. [PMID: 29489655 PMCID: PMC5851764 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic studies of food allergy (FA) have mainly focused on inherited genotypic effects. The role of parental genotypic effects remains largely unexplored. Leveraging existing genome-wide association study (GWAS) data generated from the Chicago Food Allergy Study, we examined maternal genotypic and parent-of-origin (PO) effects using multinomial likelihood ratio tests in 588 complete and incomplete Caucasian FA trios. We identified 1 single nucleotide polymorphism with significant (P < 5×10) maternal effect on any FA (rs4235235), which is located in a noncoding RNA (LOC101927947) with unknown function. We also identified 3 suggestive (P < 5×10) loci with maternal genetic effects: 1 for any FA (rs976078, in a gene desert region on 13q31.1) and 2 for egg allergy (rs1343795 and rs4572450, in the ZNF652 gene, where genetic variants have been associated with atopic dermatitis). Three suggestive loci with PO effect were observed: 1 for peanut allergy (rs4896888 in the ADGB gene) and 2 for any FA in boys only (rs1036504 and rs2917750 in the IQCE gene). Findings from this family-based GWAS of FA provided some preliminary evidence on maternal genotypic or PO effects on FA. Additional family-based studies are needed to confirm our findings and gain new insight into maternal and paternal genetic contribution to FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Karen K. Mestan
- Division of Neonatology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Amira Kefi
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Bioinformatics, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Qi Chen
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin He
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Hongjian Wang
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tami Bartell
- Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Department of Pediatrics
- Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jacqueline A. Pongracic
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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24
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Laffont S, Blanquart E, Guéry JC. Sex Differences in Asthma: A Key Role of Androgen-Signaling in Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1069. [PMID: 28912783 PMCID: PMC5583151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and also allergy differentially affect women and men. In general, women develop strongest immune responses and thus the proportion of infected individuals and the severity of many viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections are increased in men. However, heightened immunity in women makes them more susceptible than men to autoimmunity and allergy. While sex differences in immunity are well documented, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these immunological differences, particularly in allergic asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways mediated by exacerbated type 2 immune responses. Sex differences have been reported in the incidence, prevalence, and severity of asthma. While during childhood, males are more susceptible to asthma than females, there is a switch at the onset of puberty as for many other allergic diseases. This decrease of asthma incidence around puberty in males suggests that hormonal mediators could play a protective role in the susceptibility to allergic responses in male. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have recently emerged as critical players in the initiation of allergic responses, but also in the resolution of parasitic infection, through their capacity to rapidly and potently produce type 2 cytokines. This review will cover the current understanding of the impact of sex-linked factors in allergic inflammation, with a particular focus on the role of sex hormones on the development and function of tissue-resident ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laffont
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Blanquart
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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25
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Makhija MM, Robison RG, Caruso D, Cai M, Wang X, Pongracic JA. Patterns of allergen sensitization and self-reported allergic disease in parents of food allergic children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 117:382-386.e1. [PMID: 27742085 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization in adults has not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE To investigate patterns of allergen sensitization in parents of food allergic children and to compare self-report of allergic disease with specific IgE (sIgE) measurements. METHODS A total of 1,252 mothers and 1,225 fathers of food allergic children answered standardized questionnaires about demographics, home environment, history of atopic diseases, and food allergy. Skin prick testing and sIgE serum tests were performed to 9 foods and 5 aeroallergens. RESULTS A total of 66.1% of parents were sensitized to either a food or aeroallergen. Mean sIgE levels were low for all foods tested. A total of 14.5% of mothers and 12.7% of fathers reported current food allergy. Only 28.4% had sensitization to their reported allergen. Fathers had significantly higher rates of sensitization to both foods and aeroallergens (P < .01) than mothers. Logistic regression evaluating predictors of self-reported food allergy revealed statistically significant positive associations in fathers with self-reported asthma, environmental allergy, and eczema. For mothers, significant positive associations were found with environmental allergy and having more than 1 food allergic child. CONCLUSION This cohort of parents of food allergic children found higher rates of sensitization to foods and aeroallergens compared with the general population. However, food sIgE levels were low and correlated poorly with self-reported food allergy. Sex differences in sensitization to foods and aeroallergens were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Makhija
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rachel G Robison
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Deanna Caruso
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miao Cai
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacqueline A Pongracic
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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26
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Fransen F, van Beek AA, Borghuis T, Meijer B, Hugenholtz F, van der Gaast-de Jongh C, Savelkoul HF, de Jonge MI, Faas MM, Boekschoten MV, Smidt H, El Aidy S, de Vos P. The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Gender-Specific Differences in Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:754. [PMID: 28713378 PMCID: PMC5491612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females are known to have gender-specific differences in their immune system and gut microbiota composition. Whether these differences in gut microbiota composition are a cause or consequence of differences in the immune system is not known. To investigate this issue, gut microbiota from conventional males or females was transferred to germ-free (GF) animals of the same or opposing gender. We demonstrate that microbiota-independent gender differences in immunity are already present in GF mice. In particular, type I interferon signaling was enhanced in the intestine of GF females. Presumably, due to these immune differences bacterial groups, such as Alistipes, Rikenella, and Porphyromonadaceae, known to expand in the absence of innate immune defense mechanism were overrepresented in the male microbiota. The presence of these bacterial groups was associated with induction of weight loss, inflammation, and DNA damage upon transfer of the male microbiota to female GF recipients. In summary, our data suggest that microbiota-independent gender differences in the immune system select a gender-specific gut microbiota composition, which in turn further contributes to gender differences in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Fransen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A van Beek
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Theo Borghuis
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ben Meijer
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Huub F Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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27
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Andorf S, Borres MP, Block W, Tupa D, Bollyky JB, Sampath V, Elizur A, Lidholm J, Jones JE, Galli SJ, Chinthrajah RS, Nadeau KC. Association of Clinical Reactivity with Sensitization to Allergen Components in Multifood-Allergic Children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:1325-1334.e4. [PMID: 28351786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thirty percent of children with food allergies have multiple simultaneous allergies; however, the features of these multiple allergies are not well characterized serologically or clinically. OBJECTIVE We comprehensively evaluated 60 multifood-allergic patients by measuring serum IgE to key allergen components, evaluating clinical histories and medication use, performing skin tests, and conducting double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs). METHODS Sixty participants with multiple food allergies were characterized by clinical history, DBPCFCs, total IgE, specific IgE, and component-resolved diagnostics (IgE and IgG4) data. The food allergens tested were almond, egg, milk, sesame, peanut, pecan, walnut, hazelnut, cashew, pistachio, soy, and wheat. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that of the reactions observed during a graded DBPCFC, gastrointestinal reactions occurred more often in boys than in girls, as well as in individuals with high levels of IgE to 2S albumins from cashew, walnut, and hazelnut. Certain food allergies often occurred concomitantly in individuals (ie, cashew/pistachio and walnut/pecan/hazelnut). IgE testing to components further corroborated serological relationships between and among these clustered food allergies. CONCLUSIONS Associations of certain food allergies were shown by DBPCFC outcomes as well as by correlations in IgE reactivity to structurally related food allergen components. Each of these criteria independently demonstrated a significant association between allergies to cashew and pistachio, as well as among allergies to walnut, pecan, and hazelnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Andorf
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Magnus P Borres
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Immunodiagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Whitney Block
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Dana Tupa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Jennifer B Bollyky
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Arnon Elizur
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Jonas Lidholm
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Immunodiagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph E Jones
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Immunodiagnostics, Kalamazoo, Mich
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Rebecca S Chinthrajah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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28
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Foong RX, Meyer R, Dziubak R, Lozinsky AC, Godwin H, Reeve K, Hussain ST, Nourzaie R, Shah N. Establishing the prevalence of low vitamin D in non-immunoglobulin-E mediated gastrointestinal food allergic children in a tertiary centre. World Allergy Organ J 2017; 10:4. [PMID: 28101293 PMCID: PMC5225666 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is no data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children with non-immunoglobulin-E (IgE) mediated gastrointestinal food allergy. The aims of our study were to understand the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in children with non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergy and identify predisposing factors. Methods This was a retrospective study which looked at data from Great Ormond Street Hospital from January 2002 to September 2015. Children 0–18 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergy who had a vitamin D level measured during the course of their disease were included. Low vitamin D levels were defined as <50 nmol/L; insufficient levels were defined as 25–50 nmol/L and deficient levels as <25 nmol/L. Patient characteristics and clinical factors were also recorded. Results Ninety-two patients met the study criteria; 49% were female and median age was 10 years 2 months [IQR: 4 years 8 months to 13 years 7 months]. Of the cohort, 26% (24/92) had low vitamin D levels; 16% had insufficient vitamin D levels and 10% had vitamin D deficiency. Gender (p = 0.043) and age (p = 0.035) were significantly associated with low vitamin D levels. Twelve percent of children who were on an amino acid formula (AAF) had low vitamin D compared to 31% of children who were not (p = 0.06). No other clinical factors were found to be significantly associated with low vitamin D levels. Conclusions Children with non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergy are at risk of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Further prospective studies need to be performed in all children with non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergies. Trial registration The study was registered with the GOSH Research & Development department as a retrospective case note review. The Health Research Authority confirmed that NHS Research and Ethics Committee approval was not required; thus there is no trial registration number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xin Foong
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ; Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Dziubak
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adriana Chebar Lozinsky
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Heather Godwin
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate Reeve
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Syeda Tahmida Hussain
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Romman Nourzaie
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Neil Shah
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ; Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK
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29
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Afify SM, Pali-Schöll I. Adverse reactions to food: the female dominance - A secondary publication and update. World Allergy Organ J 2017; 10:43. [PMID: 29308110 PMCID: PMC5746020 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-017-0174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender-specific differences are evident in food intolerance and allergy. In this review, we will highlight and summarize the dissimilarities in prevalence of adverse food reactions, focusing on IgE-mediated food allergies and intolerances regarding frequency of symptoms and predisposing factors. After puberty, females suffer more frequently from food-related symptoms than males. Several factors may be responsible for this observation, for example hormonal effects, gender-specific behavior, perception of risk, or intake of medications. In this context, concrete studies related to adverse food reactions are still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheriene Moussa Afify
- 0000 0001 2286 1424grid.10420.37Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- 0000 0004 0621 4712grid.411775.1Laboratory Medicine and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Isabella Pali-Schöll
- 0000 0001 2286 1424grid.10420.37Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dInstitute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Petrus NCM, Henneman P, Venema A, Mul A, van Sinderen F, Haagmans M, Mook O, Hennekam RC, Sprikkelman AB, Mannens M. Cow's milk allergy in Dutch children: an epigenetic pilot survey. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 27148440 PMCID: PMC4855719 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is a common disease in infancy. Early environmental factors are likely to contribute to CMA. It is known that epigenetic gene regulation can be altered by environmental factors. We have set up a proof of concept study, aiming to detect epigenetic associations specific with CMA. Methods We studied children from the Dutch EuroPrevall birth cohort study (N = 20 CMA, N = 23 controls, N = 10 tolerant boys), age and gender matched. CMA was challenge proven. Bisulfite converted DNA (blood) was analyzed using the 450K infinium DNA-methylation array. Four groups (combined, girls, boys and tolerant boys) were analysed between CMA and controls. Statistical analysis and pathway-analysis were performed in “R” using IMA, Minfi and the global-test package. Differentially methylated regions in DHX58, ZNF281, EIF42A and HTRA2 genes were validated by quantitative amplicon sequencing (ROCHE 454®). Results General hypermethylation was found in the CMA group compared to control children, while this effect was absent in the tolerant group. Methylation differences were, among others, found in regions of DHX58, ZNF281, EIF42A and HTRA2 genes. Several of these genes are known to be involved in immunological pathways and associated with other allergies. Conclusion We show that epigenetic associations are involved in CMA. Although, the statistical power of our study is limited and our sample was based on whole blood, we were still able to detect feasible loci and pathways. Therefore our findings might contribute to future diagnostic or therapeutic interventions for specific CMA. Further studies have to confirm the findings of our study.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13601-016-0105-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C M Petrus
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, H7-270, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Venema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adri Mul
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Sinderen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Haagmans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Mook
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, H7-270, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aline B Sprikkelman
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, H7-270, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Doğruel D, Bingöl G, Altıntaş DU, Yılmaz M, Güneşer Kendirli S. Clinical Features of Food Allergy during the 1st Year of Life: The ADAPAR Birth Cohort Study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 169:171-80. [PMID: 27105247 DOI: 10.1159/000444639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although food allergies (FAs) occur most commonly during the 1st year of life, there is limited information available regarding the epidemiology of FAs. In this study, we investigated the incidence of FA and the associated risk factors during the 1st year of life in southeast Turkey. METHODS This study is a prospective evaluation of 1,377 infants born at the Balcalı Hospital (Çukurova University) and includes four routine follow-up assessments until the age of 1 year. At birth, a physical examination was performed, cord blood samples were taken, and parents completed a baseline questionnaire. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 3, 6 and 12 months and included the infants' physical examination and a follow-up questionnaire. A skin prick test (SPT) was performed and food-specific IgE levels were measured at 6 and 12 months. Telephone interviews were conducted when the infants were 9 months of age, and the questionnaire was administered. The diagnosis of FA was based on food-specific IgE levels, positive SPT results, associated clinical findings and an oral food challenge (OFC) test. RESULTS Patient histories, physical examinations and laboratory results indicated a possible FA in 90 infants (6.5%) during the 1st year of life. All of them underwent OFC testing with the suspected foods, and FA was confirmed in 33 cases (2.4%). Cow's milk allergy was the major cause of FA. Skin reactions were major clinical findings in FA. A family history of atopy was identified as the major risk factor for FA. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence and risk factors of FA in our region are consistent with those reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Doğruel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Balcalx0131; Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, x00C7;ukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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32
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Ruttle PL, Serbin LA, Martin-Storey A, Stack DM, Schwartzman AE. Longitudinal associations between infections and atopic disorders across childhood and dysregulated adrenocortical functioning in early adolescence. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:897-907. [PMID: 24037638 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to determine if exposure to common childhood medical problems (i.e., infections and atopic disorders [e.g., allergies, asthma]) may dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Longitudinal data from 96 youth were used to examine this possibility. Medical records were drawn from government databases indicating the frequency of visits to healthcare facilities for infections and atopic disorders from infancy to early adolescence. During early adolescence, participants provided salivary cortisol samples from awakening until bedtime over 2 consecutive days. Individuals with a history of increased number visits for infections across childhood displayed elevated levels of cortisol at awakening whereas individuals with childhood histories of visits for atopic disorders displayed blunted diurnal cortisol slopes. These findings build on previous research documenting associations between infections and atopic disorders and cortisol by identifying longitudinal linkages from early health problems to later HPA axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Ruttle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719-1176
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Griffioen M, Halsey N. Gender differences in immediate hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines: a review of the literature. Public Health Nurs 2013; 31:206-14. [PMID: 24720655 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine published studies of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHS) following vaccination and to determine whether women are at an increased risk of developing IHS after vaccination. DESIGN AND SAMPLE PubMed was reviewed for vaccine articles reporting IHS by gender through June 2012. Data were abstracted on type of study, vaccine, hypersensitivity reaction, and statistic reported. MEASURES Articles were included if they described experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational or descriptive studies and IHS was reported by gender. RESULTS Of 847 articles found in PubMed, 11 met the inclusion criteria. In eight studies, more women than men reported IHS, in two studies more men than women reported IHS and in one study the count was even. CONCLUSION Limited data from these studies suggest that women may have higher rates of IHS reactions following vaccination than men. Limitations to the available data include the lack of denominator data and that the definition of IHS was not consistent across the studies. Large-scale population-based studies are indicated to determine if there are differences in rates by gender and biologic basis for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Griffioen
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the association between birthweight and prevalence of food allergies using a national sample of US children. Adult report of birthweight and child food allergies were obtained for years 2005-2009 from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a cross-sectional household survey of the US population. A total of 51,748 children aged 0-17 years were included in the analyses representing over 73 million children. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between birthweight categories and food allergies stratified by age and gender; accounting for the complex design of NHIS. Children aged 6-12 years who were born very low birthweight (500-1,499 g) were more likely to have reported food allergy compared to referent (3,000-3,499 g), OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.02-2.91. However, there was no clear trend of an association between birthweight and food allergy with increasing or decreasing birthweight across all ages. Estimates were generally stronger in younger male children as compared to estimates in females of the same age group. Marginal associations for respiratory allergy (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.02-2.29) and hay fever (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 0.93-2.54) were observed among very low birthweight children aged 0-5 years. There was limited evidence for a clear association between birthweight and food allergy. Marginal associations observed in children weighing 500-1,499 g at birth support efforts to minimize preterm births and very low birthweight given the increase in pediatric food allergies and the large number of children born low birthweight each year in the US.
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Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Karmaus W, Arshad SH. Sex and atopy influences on the natural history of rhinitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 12:7-12. [PMID: 22157156 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32834ecc4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rhinitis is a common condition associated with significant under-recognized morbidity and impaired quality of life. The natural history of rhinitis is poorly characterized. Better understanding of its natural history and associated risk factors would improve the ability to effectively manage rhinitis in clinical practice. This review focuses on the current research findings on the natural history of rhinitis and how that is influenced by atopy and sex. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work from the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study has demonstrated that the prevalence of atopic rhinitis increases steadily in the first 18 years of life in both sexes. However, nonatopic rhinitis behaves differently during adolescence. Its prevalence decreases in boys but continues to increase in girls resulting in a female predominance after puberty. Numerous recent studies have proposed potential roles for sex-related and adipose-related hormonal changes in influencing the course of allergic disease. Further research is needed to establish mechanisms that could underlie such findings. SUMMARY Rhinitis becomes increasingly common through childhood, with prevalence during adolescence being mediated by differential effects of sex and atopy. Mechanisms to explain these findings await elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh J Kurukulaaratchy
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
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