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Zhou Q, Ding Y, Chen X, Wang S, Lin H, He N. Association of Insomnia, Sleep Quality, and Sleep Duration With Risk of Physical Frailty in Middle-aged and Older People With HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad566. [PMID: 38033984 PMCID: PMC10686336 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty is one of the major concerns among aging people with HIV (PWH). Evidence regarding the association between sleep disorders and physical frailty in PWH is limited. Methods PWH and HIV-negative individuals aged ≥40 years were included and frequency-matched in a 1:2 ratio by sex and age. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of the association between sleep disorders and physical frailty, and restricted cubic splines were used to describe the dose-response association. The contribution of depression to the association was estimated by mediation analysis. Results A total of 1526 PWH and 3052 HIV-negative individuals were included. Logistic regression indicated that insomnia (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.63-5.72) and poor sleep quality (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.21-4.45) were significantly associated with physical frailty in middle-aged and older PWH, especially in those with current CD4+ T-cell counts <350 cells/µL, but not in HIV-negative participants. A U-shaped and J-shaped dose-response relation between sleep duration and physical frailty was observed in PWH and HIV-negative participants, respectively. Shorter and longer sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of physical frailty in PWH. However, in HIV-negative participants, only longer sleep duration was associated with physical frailty. Mediation analysis revealed that depression mediated the relation between sleep disorders and frailty among PWH. Conclusions Sleep disorders including insomnia, poor sleep quality, and short and long sleep duration were significantly associated with physical frailty among middle-aged and older PWH. Depression may play a mediating role in the sleep-frailty association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionggui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haijiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Xu Z, Chen M, Yao Y, Yu L, Yan P, Cui H, Li P, Liao J, Zhang B, Yao Y, Liu Z, Jiang X, Liu T, Xiao C. Temporal relationship between sleep duration and obesity among Chinese Han people and ethnic minorities. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:503. [PMID: 36922806 PMCID: PMC10015728 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies have assessed the association between sleep duration and obesity in Chinese ethnic minorities. Whether the relationship between sleep duration and obesity is different between Chinese Han people and Chinese ethnic minorities remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep duration and obesity among Chinese Han people and Chinese ethnic minorities. METHODS We applied data from the Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study (GPHCS), which 9,280 participants were recruited in the baseline survey from 2010 to 2012, and 8,163 completed the follow-up survey from 2016 to 2020. A total of 5,096 participants (3,188 Han Chinese and 1,908 ethnic minorities) were included in the ultimate analysis. Information on sleep duration (total 24-hour sleep time), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) was collected at the baseline and follow-up survey, respectively. Cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted to explore the temporal relationship between sleep duration and obesity for Han people and ethnic minorities. RESULTS For Han people, the results from cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that baseline sleep duration was significantly associated with follow-up BMI (βBMI = -0.041, 95% CIBMI: -0.072 ~ -0.009) and follow-up WC (βWC = -0.070, 95%CIWC: -0.103 ~ -0.038), but baseline BMI (βBMI = -0.016, 95% CIBMI: -0.050 ~ 0.018) and baseline WC (βWC = -0.019, 95% CIWC: -0.053 ~ 0.016) were not associated with follow-up sleep duration. In addition, the relationship between baseline sleep duration and follow-up BMI was gender-specific and significant only in the Han people female (βBMI = -0.047, 95% CIBMI: -0.090 ~ -0.003) but not in the Han people male (βBMI = -0.029, 95% CIBMI: -0.075 ~ 0.016). For ethnic minorities, the results indicated that there was no relationship between sleep duration and obesity at all, either from sleep duration to obesity (βBMI = 0.028, 95%CIBMI: -0.012 ~ 0.068; βWC = 0.020, 95%CIWC: -0.022 ~ 0.062), or from obesity to sleep duration (βBMI = -0.022, 95%CIBMI: -0.067 ~ 0.022; βWC = -0.042, 95%CIWC: -0.087 ~ 0.003). CONCLUSION The relationship pattern between sleep duration and obesity across Han people and ethnic minorities is different. Future sleep-aimed overweight and obesity intervention should be conducted according to population characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuntong Yao
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lisha Yu
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guizhou Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 101 Bageyan Road, Yunyan District, 550004, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Lu, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Skinner TI, Booker L, Hodge B. The missing third in rural health research? Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:3-4. [PMID: 36807617 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- TImothy Skinner
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lauren Booker
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brad Hodge
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
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Association of sleep duration and sleep quality with overweight/obesity among adolescents of Bangladesh: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:374. [PMID: 35189883 PMCID: PMC8862335 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation is widely recognized as a potential contributor to childhood obesity. However, few studies have addressed this issue in low-income settings. The aim of this study was to determine the association of both sleep duration and sleep quality with overweight/obesity among adolescents of Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected schools in Gazipur, Bangladesh, from May to August 2019. Using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire, data on sleep duration and sleep quality were collected from 1,044 adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age. The body mass indices of the study participants were evaluated using their objectively-assessed anthropometric measurements (weight and height). Multilevel logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in adolescents in this study were 14.9, 18 and 7.1%, respectively. More than 15% of the students reported sleep disturbance and poor sleep quality. After adjusting for confounders, reduced (<7 h/day) total sleep duration (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.21-2.47), weekend sleep duration (OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.00-2.12), and night sleep duration (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.06-2.28) were found to be significantly associated with overweight or obesity in Bangladeshi adolescents. Similarly, significant positive associations were evident between short duration of total sleep (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.20-0.54), weekday sleep (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.35-0.84), weekend sleep (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.31-0.89), and night sleep (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.36-0.87), and underweight in study participants. Adolescents with short sleep duration were found less likely to be underweight and more likely to be overweight/obese. Conclusions Study findings denoted short sleep duration to be associated with overweight/obesity and underweight among adolescents of Bangladesh. Adequate sleep may therefore serve as an effective obesity prevention strategy in the growing stages. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12774-0.
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Ahmed S, Uddin R, Ziviani J, Gomersall S, Khan A. Lifestyle behaviours of immigrant and Australian children: Evidence from a nationally representative sample. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:112-118. [PMID: 35782282 PMCID: PMC9219330 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Ahmed
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Corresponding author. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Riaz Uddin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jenny Ziviani
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sjaan Gomersall
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Corresponding author. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Kawai M. Disruption of the circadian rhythms and its relationship with pediatric obesity. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14992. [PMID: 34525248 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system is an evolutionarily conserved system by which organisms adapt their metabolic activities to environmental inputs, including nutrient availability. The disruption of this system has been pathogenically linked to the disintegration of metabolic homeostasis, leading to the development of metabolic complications, including obesity. Lifestyle factors that disrupt this system have been found to be associated with the development of metabolic disorder, which is most evidenced by the finding that shift workers are at an increased risk of developing various disorders, such as obesity and obesity-related complications. Lifestyle factors that contribute to a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms have also been identified in children. A short sleep duration and skipping breakfast are prevalent in children and there is mounting evidence that these factors are associated with an increased risk of pediatric obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in detail. Our current understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors that cause a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms on the development of pediatric obesity is summarized herein, with a discussion of potential mechanistic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
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Rodrigues GD, Fiorelli EM, Furlan L, Montano N, Tobaldini E. Obesity and sleep disturbances: The "chicken or the egg" question. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 92:11-16. [PMID: 33994249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and sleep disturbances are common conditions in modern societies and accumulating evidence support a close bidirectional causal relationship between these two conditions. Indeed, from one side sleep loss seems to affect energy intake and expenditure through its direct effects on hormone-mediated sensations of satiety and hunger and through the influence on hedonic and psychological aspects of food consumption. Sleep deprived patients have been shown to experiment excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and tiredness that, in a vicious circle, enhances physical inactivity and weight gain. On the other side, obesity is a well-known risk factor for several sleep disorders. This narrative review will discuss the main pathophysiological mechanisms that link sleep loss to obesity and metabolic syndrome with particular attention to the three most common sleep disorders (insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, restless leg syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, 24210-130, Brazil; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa M Fiorelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovico Furlan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Velasquez-Melendez G, Andrade FCD, Moreira AD, Hernandez R, Vieira MAS, Felisbino-Mendes MS. Association of self-reported sleep disturbances with ideal cardiovascular health in Brazilian adults: A cross-sectional population-based study. Sleep Health 2020; 7:183-190. [PMID: 33899744 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between sleep disturbances and cardiovascular health in Brazilian adults. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of 36,480 Brazilian adults ages 18 and over. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between sleep disturbances (difficulty falling asleep, frequent interruptions in sleep, or sleeping more than usual) and Life's Simple 7 (LS7) cardiovascular health (CVH) scores through consideration of four behaviors (smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and diet) and three biological factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes). RESULTS Adults with no sleep disturbances had better CVH, with higher mean LS7 CVH scores (4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1; 4.2) when compared to those experiencing some level of sleep disturbance within a 2-week timespan (3.8, 95% CI: 3.7; 3.8). Specifically, compared to those with no sleep disturbance, adults reporting sleep disturbances for half of the weekdays had significantly lower LS7 CVH mean scores (β = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.04; 0.01). Adults who had disturbances more than half of the weekdays had even lower scores (β = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.09; -0.02), followed by those who reported disturbances almost every day (β = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.11; -0.04), even after adjusting for age, sex, education status, depressive symptoms, and night shift work. CONCLUSION Brazilian adults with sleep disturbances are less likely to achieve ideal CVH. Given that sleep disturbances seem to be increasingly common in Brazil, recent gains in CVH mortality may be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandra Dias Moreira
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rosalba Hernandez
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Maria Alice Souza Vieira
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Papaconstantinou E, Quick V, Vogel E, Coffey S, Miller A, Zitzelsberger H. Exploring Relationships of Sleep Duration with Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors among Canadian University Students. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:194-207. [PMID: 33089200 PMCID: PMC7445828 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students pursuing postsecondary education are a population described as vulnerable for sleep problems, poor dietary habits, weight gain, and reduced physical activity. The primary goal of this study was to examine relationships of sleep behaviors with eating and physical activity behaviors in a sample of undergraduate health sciences students. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, undergraduate health sciences students in a small Canadian university were recruited to complete an on-line questionnaire about their sleep, eating, and physical activity behaviors using valid and reliable instruments. Key sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported height and weight data were also captured. RESULTS The participants (n = 245) were on average 23 years of age, female (86%), and the majority were full-time students (92%). The mean BMI was within a healthy range (mean 24.58 SD 5.55) with the majority reporting low physical activity levels (65%). Despite self-reports of very or fairly good (65%) sleep quality in the past month, the mean global sleep scores (scores > 5, mean 7.4, SD 3.3) indicated poor overall sleep quality. Poorer sleep quality was associated with higher BMIs (r = 0.265, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need to expand the scope of on-campus wellness programs to promote healthy sleep habits in a vulnerable university population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrosini Papaconstantinou
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (E.V.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Virginia Quick
- Rutgers University, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Ellen Vogel
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (E.V.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Sue Coffey
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (E.V.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Andrea Miller
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (E.V.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hilde Zitzelsberger
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (E.V.); (S.C.); (A.M.); (H.Z.)
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Mozaffarian N, Heshmat R, Ataie‐Jafari A, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, Shafiee G, Taheri M, Mansourian M, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of sleep duration and snack consumption in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1888-1897. [PMID: 32328254 PMCID: PMC7174214 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between sleep deprivation and the risk of overweight and obesity is somewhat known in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and eating snacks in a national sample of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on the data of the fifth survey of the national school-based surveillance system entitled the "Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable Disease" (CASPIAN-V) study. Short sleeping duration was defined 10 hr per day for children under 10 years and 9 hr per day for children ≥ 10 years. To assess food habits, the consumption frequency of some food groups including sweets, salty snacks, carbonated beverages, diet soft drinks, soft beer, fresh fruits, dried fruits, fresh juices, vegetables, packed juices, dairy products (milk, yogurt, and cheese), fast foods, tea, sugar along with tea, and coffee was asked using Likert scale ( never, rarely, weekly, and daily). RESULTS In multivariate model, short sleep versus long sleep in students was associated with increased chance of eating salty snacks (OR = 1.49 [95% CI: 1.38-1.61]; p = .001), soft drinks (OR = 1.12 [95% CI: 1.04-1.20]; p = .002), fast foods (OR = 1.66 [95% CI: 1.54-1.79]; p < .001), tea (OR = 1.49 [95% CI: 1.39-1.61]; p < .001), and tea with sugar (OR = 1.13 [95% CI: 1.05-1.22]; p < .001). In addition, short sleep in students was associated with a decreased odds of daily intake of soft drinks without sugars (OR = 0.64 [95% CI: 0.58-0.70]; p < .001), soft beer (OR = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.85-0.99]; p < .001), fresh fruit (OR = 0.83 [95% CI: 0.76-0.90]; p < .001), dried fruit (OR = 0.43 [95% CI: 0.39-0.46]; p < .001), fresh fruit juice (OR = 0.66 [95% CI: 0.62-0.72]; p < .001), packed juice (OR = 0.91 [95% CI: 0.84-0.98]; p < .009), milk (OR = 0.51 [95% CI: 0.47-0.55]; p < .001), yogurt (OR = 0.86 [95% CI: 0.79-0.93]; p ≤ .001), and coffee (OR = 0.82 [95% CI: 0.76-0.89]; p ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate a significant relationship between sleep duration and unhealthy food habits. Therefore, increasing awareness of families in this area may reduce obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Mozaffarian
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‐communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Asal Ataie‐Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | | | | | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Majzoubeh Taheri
- Office of Adolescents and School HealthMinistry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Management and Economics Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research CenterAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‐communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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Li N, Xu G, Chen G, Zheng X. Sleep quality among Chinese elderly people: A population-based study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 87:103968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kim G, Kim Y, Yoon S, Kim S, Yi SS. Sleep-inducing effect of Passiflora incarnata L. extract by single and repeated oral administration in rodent animals. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:557-566. [PMID: 31993179 PMCID: PMC6977488 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cost of insomnia in modern society is gradually increasing. Due to various social phenomena and lifestyles that take away the opportunity of good quality of sleep, problems of insomnia cannot be easily figured out. Prescription of sleeping pills for insomnia patients can cause other inconveniences due to their side effects beyond their intended purposes. On the other hand, Passiflora incarnata L. (PI) has been widely used in South America for several centuries, showing effectiveness for sleep, sedation, anxiety, and so on in the civilian population. However, reports on the treatment efficacy of this herbal medicinal plant for insomnia patients through standardization as a sleeping agent have been very rare. Therefore, we obtained leaves and fruits of PI (8:2 by weight) as powder to prepare an extract. It was then applied to C6 rat glioma cells to quantitate mRNA expression levels of GABA receptors. Its sleep-inducing effect was investigated using experimental animals. PI extract (6 μg/ml) significantly decreased GABA receptors at 6 hr after treatment. Immobility time and palpebral closing time were significantly increased after single (500 mg/kg) or repeated (250 mg/kg) oral administration. In addition, blood melatonin levels were significantly increased in PI extract-treated animals after both single and repeated administrations. These results were confirmed through several repeated experiments. Taken together, these results confirmed that PI extract had significant sleep-inducing effects in cells and animals, suggesting that PI extract might have potential for treating human insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang‐Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Yehlim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Sunmi Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Sung‐Jo Kim
- Department of BiotechnologyHoseo UniversityAsanKorea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea
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Dose-response association between sleep duration and obesity risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sleep Breath 2019; 23:1035-1045. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sluggett L, Wagner SL, Harris RL. Sleep Duration and Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Can J Diabetes 2018; 43:146-152. [PMID: 30266216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased rates of obesity internationally have drawn significant attention. In particular, researchers and practitioners are seeking new information about risk factors for obesity that could be areas for preventive interventions. Given that obesity rates in children and adolescents are increasing worldwide, particular attention to child and adolescent obesity is needed. A large, and growing, body of research indicates that inadequate sleep duration is linked to obesity. The current article reviews the extant literature concerning sleep duration and obesity in children and adolescents by reviewing current theories of obesity as well as available literature specifically evaluating the relationship of obesity and sleep in children and adolescents, including epidemiologic, experimental and intervention research. Overall, our literature review concludes that the relationship between shortened sleep and increased risk for obesity has research support internationally, including in the few Canadian articles available that are discussed in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larine Sluggett
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon L Wagner
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - R Luke Harris
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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Orellano LAA, de Almeida SA, Pereira LX, Couto LC, de Lazari MGT, Viana CTR, Andrade SP, Campos PP. Upregulation of Foreign Body Response in Obese Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:531-539. [PMID: 29377630 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a highly prevalent multifactorial metabolic condition in which the need for functional bioengineered substitutes (e.g., scaffolds for tissue engineering) is likely to occur. However, the adverse foreign body response (FBR) that invariably takes place adjacent to implant devices impairing their function is poorly characterized in this condition. This study investigated the influence of obesity on the host response to a synthetic matrix implanted subcutaneously in high-fat-fed obese mice. METHODS Histological analysis of 14-day-old implants was performed to identify collagen deposition, capsule thickness, fibroblast-like cells, foreign body giant cells, and mast cells. In addition, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels in the implants and serum were determined. RESULTS All fibrogenic markers (and TGF-β1 levels) increased in the implants of obese mice compared with their nonobese counterparts. Particularly relevant was the fibrous capsule thickness in implants of obese mice (234.2 ± 22.1 µm vs. 109.2 ± 13.4 µm in implants of nonobese animals). CONCLUSIONS The study results showing that obesity upregulates the main features of the FBR induced by subcutaneous implants in mice may be relevant in understanding biomaterial integration and performance in this condition. This is crucial to the development of strategies to maintain the integrity and function of implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alejandra Ariza Orellano
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Aparecida de Almeida
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Xavier Pereira
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia Chinait Couto
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Tarso Rodrigues Viana
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Passos Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Maillane-Vanegas S, Turi-Lynch BC, Lira FSD, Codogno JS, Fernandes RA, Lima MCSD, Machado-Rodrigues A, Kemper HCG. Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness, physical activity, sleep quality, metabolic/inflamatory profile, body fatness, smoking and alcohol consumption in young adults. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink increased leptin and ghrelin levels but reduced leptin to ghrelin ratio in type 2 diabetes patients: a single blind randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:2029-2036. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Xiao Q, Gu F, Caporaso N, Matthews CE. Relationship between sleep characteristics and measures of body size and composition in a nationally-representative sample. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:48. [PMID: 27857841 PMCID: PMC5106827 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short sleep has been linked to obesity. However, sleep is a multidimensional behavior that cannot be characterized solely by sleep duration. There is limited study that comprehensively examined different sleep characteristics in relation to obesity. METHODS We examined various aspects of sleep in relation to adiposity in 2005-2006 NHANES participants who were 18 or older and free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and depression (N = 3995). Sleep characteristics were self-reported, and included duration, overall quality, onset latency, fragmentation, daytime sleepiness, snoring, and sleep disorders. Body measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured fat mass. RESULTS Snoring was associated with higher BMI (adjusted difference in kg/m2 comparing snoring for 5+ nights/week with no snoring (95 % confidence interval), 1.85 (0.88, 2.83)), larger waist circumference (cm, 4.52 (2.29, 6.75)), higher percentage of body fat (%, 1.61 (0.84, 2.38)), and higher android/gynoid ratio (0.03 (0.01, 0.06)). The associations were independent of sleep duration and sleep quality, and cannot be explained by the existence of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea. Poor sleep quality (two or more problematic sleep conditions) and short sleep duration (<6 h) were also associated with higher measures of body size and fat composition, although the effects were attenuated after snoring was adjusted. CONCLUSION In a nationally representative sample of healthy US adults, snoring, short sleep, and poor sleep quality were associated with higher adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, E118 Field House, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Fangyi Gu
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
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Galioto R, Lechner WV, Meister J, Wright M, Gunstad J, Spitznagel MB. Body Mass Index Moderates the Association between Sleep Quality and Vigilance on a Test of Inhibitory Control. Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 29:863-75. [PMID: 26457650 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2015.1096961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep problems are common among college students and related to numerous adverse outcomes including impaired cognitive performance. Obesity may confer an elevated risk of cognitive deficits with poor sleep given its relationship with poorer sleep quality and impaired cognition. Thisstudy examined whether the relationship between reduced sleep quality and poorer vigilance and inhibitory control were moderated by elevated body mass index (BMI). METHOD Participants were 85 college students who completed a computerized task of inhibitory control that required vigilance (go/no-go [GNG] task) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a measure of sleep quality. RESULTS Poor sleep quality was observed in 63.5% of the sample and was related to more omission errors on the GNG task and increased BMI. Results further revealed that BMI moderated the relationship between sleep quality and performance on the GNG task such that individuals in the severely obese range of BMI had more omission errors with poorer sleep quality, while there was no association between sleep and GNG performance among normal weight and overweight individuals. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the likely contribution of obesity to decreased vigilance with poor sleep. Future research is needed to confirm these findings using objective measures of sleep quality (e.g., actigraphy, polysomnography).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Galioto
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - William V Lechner
- c Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Jonah Meister
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
| | - Micah Wright
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
| | - John Gunstad
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
| | - Mary Beth Spitznagel
- a Department of Psychological Sciences , Kent State University , Kent , OH , USA
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Grandner MA, Jackson NJ, Izci-Balserak B, Gallagher RA, Murray-Bachmann R, Williams NJ, Patel NP, Jean-Louis G. Social and Behavioral Determinants of Perceived Insufficient Sleep. Front Neurol 2015; 6:112. [PMID: 26097464 PMCID: PMC4456880 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep is associated with cardiometabolic disease and poor health. However, few studies have assessed its determinants in a nationally representative sample. Data from the 2009 behavioral risk factor surveillance system were used (N = 323,047 adults). Insufficient sleep was assessed as insufficient rest/sleep over 30 days. This was evaluated relative to sociodemographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, region), socioeconomics (education, income, employment, insurance), health behaviors (diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol), and health/functioning (emotional support, BMI, mental/physical health). Overall, insufficient sleep was associated with being female, White or Black/African-American, unemployed, without health insurance, and not married; decreased age, income, education, physical activity; worse diet and overall health; and increased household size, alcohol, and smoking. These factors should be considered as risk factors for insufficient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Nicholas J Jackson
- Quantitative Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California , Columbia, SC , USA
| | - Bilgay Izci-Balserak
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Rebecca A Gallagher
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Renee Murray-Bachmann
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn, NY , USA
| | - Natasha J Williams
- Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Medical Center , New York, NY , USA
| | - Nirav P Patel
- Department of Medicine, Reading Hospital and Medical Center , Reading, PA , USA
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Medical Center , New York, NY , USA
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Labree LJWW, van de Mheen HD, Rutten FFHF, Rodenburg GG, Koopmans GTG, Foets MM. Sleep duration differences between children of migrant and native origins. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2015; 23:149-156. [PMID: 26000233 PMCID: PMC4434853 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-015-0665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aim To explore whether primary school children of migrant and native Dutch origins differ regarding their sleep duration per night, a risk for overweight and obesity, and to determine to what degree differences in parenting styles contribute to these differences. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional survey, including 1,943 children aged 8-9 years old and their primary caregivers, was performed. Data were collected from primary schools in cities and adjacent municipalities in The Netherlands: Eindhoven and Rotterdam. The outcome measure was mean sleep duration per night. The main independent variable was migrant background, based on the country of birth of the parents. A possible mediating variable was parenting style (rejecting, neglecting, permissive, authoritarian, authoritative). Age and sex of the child as well as parental socioeconomic status, as indicated by educational level, were added as confounders. Results Dutch children have the highest sleep duration: more than 11 h (mean = 670.1; SD = 27.7). All migrant children show less than 11 h of sleep per night. Migrant children of non-Western origin, especially Turkish and Moroccan children, show the lowest sleep duration per night. Parenting styles do not contribute to these differences. Conclusion Migrant background is associated with sleep duration. As children of migrant origin are, in general, at higher risk for overweight and obesity and sleep duration is regarded as a risk factor for overweight and obesity, further investigation of this association is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J W Wim Labree
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Dike van de Mheen
- IVO Addiction Research Institute, Heemraadssingel 194, 3021 DM Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F F H Frans Rutten
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Gerda Rodenburg
- IVO Addiction Research Institute, Heemraadssingel 194, 3021 DM Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G T Gerrit Koopmans
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Marleen Foets
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Imaizumi H, Takahashi A, Tanji N, Abe K, Sato Y, Anzai Y, Watanabe H, Ohira H. The Association between Sleep Duration and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Japanese Men and Women. Obes Facts 2015; 8:234-42. [PMID: 26138724 PMCID: PMC5644852 DOI: 10.1159/000436997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between sleep duration and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We evaluated 3,968 subjects who underwent health check-ups from June 2012 to May 2013 at the Watari Hospital Health Center in Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. Fatty liver was detected by ultrasonography. Sleep duration and lifestyle factors were estimated using a questionnaire. Sleep duration was categorized into the following groups: ≤ 6, 6 to ≤ 7, >7 to ≤ 8, and >8 h. The four sleep duration groups were compared using the χ(2) test and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS In total, 2,172 subjects were enrolled. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 29.6% (men, 38.0%; women, 25.3%). The proportion of NAFLD tended to decrease as sleep duration increased in men. The proportion with NAFLD was lowest in the group with a sleep duration of 6 to ≤ 7 h and highest in the groups with sleep durations of ≤ 6 and >8 h in women. The distribution showed a U-shaped curve. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for subjects with NAFLD with a sleep duration ≤ 6 h compared to the reference (6 to ≤ 7 h) was 1.44 (1.06-1.96) in women. CONCLUSION Sleep shortage tends to be associated with NAFLD in women and may be mediated by body adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Imaizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Watari Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- *Atsushi Takahashi, MD, Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan,
| | - Nobuo Tanji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Watari Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Sato
- Department of Surgery, Watari Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukio Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Watari Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Xiao Q, Keadle SK, Hollenbeck AR, Matthews CE. Sleep duration and total and cause-specific mortality in a large US cohort: interrelationships with physical activity, sedentary behavior, and body mass index. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:997-1006. [PMID: 25281691 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Both short and long durations of sleep are associated with higher mortality, but little is known about the interrelationship between sleep and other modifiable factors in relation to mortality. In the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (1995-1996), we examined associations between sleep duration and total, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality among 239,896 US men and women aged 51-72 years who were free of cancer, CVD, and respiratory disease. We evaluated the influence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, television viewing, and body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) on the sleep-mortality association and assessed their combined association with mortality. During an average of 14 years of follow-up, we identified 44,100 deaths. Compared with 7-8 hours of sleep per day, both shorter and longer sleep durations were associated with higher total and CVD mortality. We found a greater elevation in CVD mortality associated with shorter sleep among overweight and obese people, suggesting a synergistic interaction between sleep and BMI. People in the unhealthy categories of all 4 risk factors (sleep <7 hours/day, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≤1 hour/week, television viewing ≥3 hours/day, and BMI ≥25) had significantly higher all-cause (relative risk (RR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34, 1.52), CVD (RR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.67, 2.17), and cancer (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.34) mortality. Short sleep duration may predict higher mortality, particularly CVD mortality, among overweight and obese people.
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Suglia SF, Kara S, Robinson W. Sleep duration and obesity among adolescents transitioning to adulthood: do results differ by sex? J Pediatr 2014; 165:750-4. [PMID: 25066064 PMCID: PMC4177276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between short sleep duration and obesity among adolescents (mean age 16 years) transitioning into young adulthood (mean age 21 years) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 10,076). STUDY DESIGN Self-reported sleep duration was categorized as <6, 6-8, or >8 hours. Obesity status, using measured height and weight, was defined as body mass index ≥95th percentile in adolescence and body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2) in young adulthood. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, short sleep duration was associated with obesity in adolescent males (prevalence ratio 1.8 [95% CI, 1.3-2.4]) but not in females (prevalence ratio 1.0 [95% CI, 0.7-1.4]). In longitudinal analyses, short sleep duration in adolescence was associated with incident obesity in both males and females (risk ratio 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0-1.6]) in young adulthood. No interactions by sex were noted. CONCLUSIONS Analyzing the association of sleep duration and obesity longitudinally resolved sex discrepancies observed in earlier cross-sectional analyses. Optimizing sleep duration during adolescence may be an effective intervention to prevent excess weight gain in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Seema Kara
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York NY
| | - Whitney Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Gildner TE, Liebert MA, Kowal P, Chatterji S, Josh Snodgrass J. Sleep duration, sleep quality, and obesity risk among older adults from six middle-income countries: findings from the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:803-12. [PMID: 25130760 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes in sleep patterns often occur in older adults. Previous studies have documented associations between sleep duration, sleep quality, and obesity risk in older individuals, yet few studies have examined these trends in lower-income countries. The present cross-sectional study uses nationally representative datasets from six countries to examine these relationships. METHODS Two hypotheses related to obesity risk and sleep patterns were tested using data from the first wave of the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). This longitudinal study draws on samples of older adults (>50 years old) in six middle-income countries (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, and South Africa). Self-report data were used to measure sleep duration, sleep quality, lifestyle and sociodemographic information, while anthropometric measurements were collected to assess body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between sleep patterns and obesity risk while controlling for lifestyle factors. RESULTS Shorter sleep durations in both men and women were significantly associated with higher BMI and WC measures (P < 0.05). Low sleep quality did not significantly contribute to increased obesity risk. Surprisingly, high sleep quality was significantly associated with increased male BMI and WC in China and India (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study documented an association between short sleep duration and increased obesity risk, which is important given the global increase of obesity-related diseases.
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Chamorro R, Algarín C, Garrido M, Causa L, Held C, Lozoff B, Peirano P. Night time sleep macrostructure is altered in otherwise healthy 10-year-old overweight children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1120-5. [PMID: 24352291 PMCID: PMC4190838 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological evidence shows an inverse relationship between sleep duration and overweight/obesity risk. However, there are few polysomnographic studies that relate the organization of sleep stages to pediatric overweight (OW). We compared sleep organization in otherwise healthy OW and normal-weight (NW) 10-year-old children. SUBJECTS Polysomnographic assessments were performed in 37 NW and 59 OW children drawn from a longitudinal study beginning in infancy. Weight and height were used to evaluate body mass index (BMI) according to international criteria. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (stages N1, N2 and N3), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (stage R) and wakefulness (stage W) were visually scored. Sleep parameters were compared in NW and OW groups for the whole sleep period time (SPT) and for each successive third of it using independent Student's t-tests or nonparametric tests. The relationship between BMI and sleep variables was evaluated by correlation analyses controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS The groups were similar in timing of sleep onset and offset, and sleep period time. BMI was inversely related to total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency. OW children showed reduced TST, sleep efficiency and stage R amount, but higher stage W amount. In analysis by thirds of the SPT, the duration of stage N3 episodes was shorter in the first third and longer in the second third in OW children as compared with NW children. CONCLUSIONS Our results show reduced sleep amount and quality in otherwise healthy OW children. The lower stage R amount and changes involving stage N3 throughout the night suggest that OW in childhood is associated with modifications not only in sleep duration, but also in the ongoing night time patterns of NREM sleep and REM sleep stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Chamorro
- Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Algarín
- Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Garrido
- Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Causa
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Held
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Patricio Peirano
- Sleep Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Thind H, Davies SL, Lewis T, Pekmezi D, Evans R, Baskin ML. Does Short Sleep Lead to Obesity Among Children and Adolescents? Current Understanding and Implications. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827614533911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity continues to be a major public health concern in the United States. This work reviews the current understanding of the relationship between sleep duration and obesity among children and adolescents. A systematic search was conducted for papers published between January 2000 and July 2013 using keywords: (sleep) and (overweight or obesity or obese or body mass index or BMI or adiposity or body fat or fat) and (children or child or youth or teen or pediatric or adolescent or paediatric or childhood or adolescence or boy or girl). Reference lists of relevant articles and reviews or meta-analysis articles were checked to identify additional studies. Only empirical work and longitudinal studies that focused on children and adolescents were included in this review. The search identified 22 longitudinal studies. The majority of the reviewed studies support the presence of an inverse relationship between sleep duration and obesity. However, in some studies the relationship was not significant in adjusted analyses. Differences as a function of age and gender were also noted. Despite more than a decade of research, the debate on the association between sleep duration and obesity continues. Further research with repeated assessments, valid objective measures, and better control of potential confounding variables is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herpreet Thind
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (HT)
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (SLD, DP)
- Kempe Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado (TL)
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (RE)
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (MLB)
| | - Susan L. Davies
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (HT)
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (SLD, DP)
- Kempe Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado (TL)
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (RE)
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (MLB)
| | - Terri Lewis
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (HT)
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (SLD, DP)
- Kempe Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado (TL)
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (RE)
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (MLB)
| | - Dorothy Pekmezi
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (HT)
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (SLD, DP)
- Kempe Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado (TL)
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (RE)
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (MLB)
| | - Retta Evans
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (HT)
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (SLD, DP)
- Kempe Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado (TL)
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (RE)
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (MLB)
| | - Monica L. Baskin
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (HT)
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (SLD, DP)
- Kempe Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado (TL)
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (RE)
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama (MLB)
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Magee C, Caputi P, Iverson D. Lack of sleep could increase obesity in children and too much television could be partly to blame. Acta Paediatr 2014; 103:e27-31. [PMID: 24117519 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the bidirectional relationship between short sleep duration and body mass index (BMI). A secondary aim was to investigate whether reduced physical activity and increased screen time (television and computer use) mediated these associations. METHODS This study utilised data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, which is an observational cohort study of Australian children. The sample included 2984 (52.4% boys) children followed from 4 to 5 years of age until 8 to 9 years of age. Sleep duration, screen time and covariates were reported by parents, with BMI measured objectively. Cross-lagged modelling investigated the bidirectional association between sleep duration and BMI; lagged panel mediation modelling examined physical activity and screen time as potential mediators. RESULTS Short sleep duration at 4 to 5 years of age was significantly associated with higher BMI at 8 to 9 years of age (β= -.07, p = .044). The relationship between short sleep duration at 4 to 5 years of age and higher BMI at 8 to 9 years of age was partially mediated by increased television viewing at 6 to 7 years of age (β = -.01, 95% confidence interval [-.02, -.002]). CONCLUSION Short sleep duration could be a risk factor for obesity in children. Increased television viewing may be one mechanism underlying this longitudinal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Magee
- Centre for Health Initiatives; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Peter Caputi
- Centre for Health Initiatives; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Don Iverson
- Centre for Health Initiatives; University of Wollongong; Wollongong NSW Australia
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Melby MK, Takeda W. Lifestyle constraints, not inadequate nutrition education, cause gap between breakfast ideals and realities among Japanese in Tokyo. Appetite 2014; 72:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Xiao Q, Arem H, Moore SC, Hollenbeck AR, Matthews CE. A large prospective investigation of sleep duration, weight change, and obesity in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:1600-10. [PMID: 24049160 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between sleep and obesity or weight gain in adults, particularly older populations, remains unclear. In a cohort of 83,377 US men and women aged 51-72 years, we prospectively investigated the association between self-reported sleep duration and weight change over an average of 7.5 years of follow-up (1995-2004). Participants were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline and throughout the follow-up. We observed an inverse association between sleep duration per night and weight gain in both men (P for trend = 0.02) and women (P for trend < 0.001). Compared with 7-8 hours of sleep, shorter sleep (<5 hours or 5-6 hours) was associated with more weight gain (in kilograms; men: for <5 hours, β = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19, 1.13, and for 5-6 hours, β = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.26; women: for <5 hours, β = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.86, and for 5-6 hours, β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.37). Among men and women who were not obese at baseline, participants who reported less than 5 hours of sleep per night had an approximately 40% higher risk of developing obesity than did those who reported 7-8 hours of sleep (for men, odds ratio = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.99; for women, odds ratio = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.79). The association between short sleep and excess weight gain was generally consistent across different categories of age, educational level, smoking status, baseline body mass index, and physical activity level.
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Association between body mass index and sleep duration assessed by objective methods in a representative sample of the adult population. Sleep Med 2013; 14:312-8. [PMID: 23391395 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep duration has been associated with overweight individuals in many epidemiological studies; however, few studies have assessed sleep using objective methods. Our study was designed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration measured by actigraphy (Acti), polysomnography (PSG) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire (PSQIO). Furthermore, we evaluated other biochemical and polysomnographic parameters. METHODS A representative sample of 1042 individuals from Sao Paulo, Brazil, including both genders (20-80 yrs), participated in our protocol. Weight and other anthropometric parameters were measured at the onset of the study. Sleep duration was calculated by Acti, PSG, and the PSQIQ. The population was sorted by sleep duration, body, slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep (REMS) duration subsets. In addition, other biochemical and polysomnographic parameters were analyzed. Differences between population subsets were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Linear regression analysis was performed between sleep and anthropometric parameters. RESULTS Shorter sleep duration was associated with higher BMI and waist and neck circumference when measured by Acti and PSG (p<0.05). Lower leptin levels were associated with short sleep in normal-weight (BMI>18 and ⩽25) individuals (p<0.01). The association between short sleep duration Acti and higher BMI was present when apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was less than 15 (p=0.049). Shorter REMS and SWS also were associated with higher BMI (p<0.01). Normal-weight individuals tended to sleep longer, have higher sleep efficiency and longer SWS and REMS than obese individuals (Acti, PSG; p=0.05). Sleep duration was negatively correlated with BMI (Acti, PSG; p<0.05). Short SWS and REMS were associated with higher cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Shorter sleep, SWS, and REMS duration were associated with higher BMI, central adiposity measurements, and cardiovascular risk factors when measured by objective methods.
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Sleep duration versus sleep insufficiency as predictors of cardiometabolic health outcomes. Sleep Med 2012; 13:1261-70. [PMID: 23141932 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sleep insufficiency and sleep duration, particularly regarding negative cardiometabolic health outcomes already considered to be affected by reduced sleep time. METHODS A total of N=30,934 participants from the 2009 Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) answered questions about their sleep duration as well as subjective feelings of sleep insufficiency. Outcomes included body mass index (BMI), obesity (BMI ≥ 30kgm(-2)) and history of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, heart attack and stroke. Linear and logistic regression models examined whether cardiometabolic outcomes were associated with (1) sleep duration alone, (2) sleep insufficiency alone and (3) the combined effect of sleep duration and sleep insufficiency. RESULTS Results indicated that, when examined alone, sleep duration <5h (versus 7h) was related to BMI (B=2.716, p<0.01), obesity (B=2.080, p<0.000001), diabetes (B=3.162, p<0.000001), hypertension (B=2.703, p<0.000001), hypercholesterolaemia (B=1.922, p<0.00001), heart attack (B=4.704, p<0.000001) and stroke (B=4.558, p<0.000001), and sleep insufficiency (days per week, continuous) was related to BMI (B=0.181, p<0.01), obesity (B=1.061, p<0.000001) and hypercholesterolaemia (B=1.025, p<0.01). All of these relationships remained significant after adjustment for covariates, except for diabetes and sleep duration. Also, after adjustment, a significant relationship between insufficient sleep and hypertension emerged (B=1.039, p<0.001). When evaluated together, after adjustment for covariates, significant relationships remained between sleep duration <5h (versus 7h) and BMI (B=1.266, p<0.05), obesity (B=1.389, p<0.05), hypertension (B=1.555, p<0.01), heart attack (B=2.513, p<0.01) and stroke (B=1.807, p<0.05). It should be noted that relationships between sleep duration >9h (versus 7h) were seen for heart attack (B=1.863, p<0.001) and stroke (B=1.816, p<0.01). In these models, sleep insufficiency was associated with hypercholesterolaemia (B=1.031, p<0.01) and hypertension (B=1.027, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These analyses show that both sleep duration and insufficiency are related to cardiometabolic health outcomes, and that when evaluated together, both variables demonstrate unique effects.
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Mavanji V, Billington CJ, Kotz CM, Teske JA. Sleep and obesity: a focus on animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1015-29. [PMID: 22266350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapid rise in obesity prevalence in the modern world parallels a significant reduction in restorative sleep (Agras et al., 2004; Dixon et al., 2007, 2001; Gangwisch and Heymsfield, 2004; Gupta et al., 2002; Sekine et al., 2002; Vioque et al., 2000; Wolk et al., 2003). Reduced sleep time and quality increases the risk for obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear (Gangwisch et al., 2005; Hicks et al., 1986; Imaki et al., 2002; Jennings et al., 2007; Moreno et al., 2006). A majority of the theories linking human sleep disturbances and obesity rely on self-reported sleep. However, studies with objective measurements of sleep/wake parameters suggest a U-shaped relationship between sleep and obesity. Studies in animal models are needed to improve our understanding of the association between sleep disturbances and obesity. Genetic and experimenter-induced models mimicking characteristics of human obesity are now available and these animal models will be useful in understanding whether sleep disturbances determine propensity for obesity, or result from obesity. These models exhibit weight gain profiles consistently different from control animals. Thus a careful evaluation of animal models will provide insight into the relationship between sleep disturbances and obesity in humans. In this review we first briefly consider the fundamentals of sleep and key sleep disturbances, such as sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), observed in obese individuals. Then we consider sleep deprivation studies and the role of circadian alterations in obesity. We describe sleep/wake changes in various rodent models of obesity and obesity resistance. Finally, we discuss possible mechanisms linking sleep disturbances with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Mavanji
- Minnesota Obesity Prevention Training Program, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Saunders T. Potential contributors to the canadian pediatric obesity epidemic. ISRN PEDIATRICS 2011; 2011:917684. [PMID: 22389790 PMCID: PMC3263586 DOI: 10.5402/2011/917684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a group, Canadian children and youth are heavier than at any time in the recent past. However, to date there has been no critical examination of the factors which are likely to have contributed to these deleterious trends. A review of the evidence suggests that there is robust evidence supporting the role of reduced sleep, increased sedentary time, increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, and secular increases in adult obesity as contributing factors to the current epidemic of childhood obesity. There is moderate evidence that these trends are related to changes in either total energy intake or physical activity, while there is very little evidence supporting the role of maternal age, breastfeeding, exposure to endocrine disrupters, or inadequate calcium intake. These findings suggest that targeting sleep, sedentary time, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake in Canadian children and youth may help to prevent future weight gain at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Saunders
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L1
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Dworak M, Kim T, McCarley RW, Basheer R. Sleep, brain energy levels, and food intake: Relationship between hypothalamic ATP concentrations, food intake, and body weight during sleep-wake and sleep deprivation in rats. SOMNOLOGIE 2011; 15:111-117. [PMID: 23585726 DOI: 10.1007/s11818-011-0524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feeling of hunger and feeding, a wake-state-dependent behavior, is regulated by specific centers within the hypothalamus. While paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and dorso- and ventromedial hypothalamus (DMH/VMH) regulate feeding, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is associated both with feeding and wake/REM sleep regulation. In order to examine the effects of sleep and wakefulness on food intake and body weight, we also measured hypothalamic ATP concentrations, which are known to be involved in feeding behavior and sleep-wake regulation. METHODS In rats, food intake and body weight was measured during a 24-h light-dark cycle and during 6 h of sleep deprivation (SD) performed by gentle handling. Tissue samples from the PVN, ARC/DMH/VMH, and LH were collected after 6 h of SD and from time-matched diurnal controls. ATP was measured by luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence assay. RESULTS Across the 24-h light-dark period, rats consumed approximately 28.13±4.48 g of food and gained 5.22±1.65 g with a positive correlation between food intake and body weight. During SD, while food intake increased significantly +147.31±6.13%, they lost weight significantly (-93.29±13.64%) when compared to undisturbed controls. SD resulted in a significant decrease in ATP levels only in LH (-44.60±21.13%) with no change in PVN, ARC/DMH/VMH region when compared with undisturbed controls. CONCLUSION The results indicate a strong overall correlation between ATP concentrations in the LH and individual food intake and suggest a sleep-wake dependent neuronal control of food intake and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dworak
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System & Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury
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Ohi M, Chin K. [Obesity: Progress in diagnosis and treatment; Topics, III. Obesity and its complications; 5. Obesity and sleep disorders]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2011; 100:966-974. [PMID: 21626833 DOI: 10.2169/naika.100.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Relationships between self-rated health, quality of life and sleep duration in middle aged and elderly Australians. Sleep Med 2011; 12:346-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Short sleep mediates the association between long work hours and increased body mass index. J Behav Med 2010; 34:83-91. [PMID: 20734126 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-010-9287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether short sleep duration, physical activity and time spent sitting each day mediated the association between long work hours and body mass index (BMI). Participants included 16,951 middle aged Australian adults who were employed in full time work (i.e. ≥35 h a week). Data on BMI, sleep duration, work hours and other health and demographic variables were obtained through a self-report questionnaire. A multiple mediation model was tested whereby sleep duration, physical activity and amount of time spent sitting were entered as potential mediators between work hours and BMI. The results demonstrated that short sleep partially mediated the association between long work hours and increased BMI in males. In females, long work hours were indirectly related to higher BMI through short sleep. The results provide some support for the hypothesis that long work hours could contribute to obesity via a reduction in sleep duration; this warrants further investigation in prospective studies.
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Magee CA, Caputi P, Iverson DC. Is sleep duration associated with obesity in older Australian adults? J Aging Health 2010; 22:1235-55. [PMID: 20668167 DOI: 10.1177/0898264310372780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between sleep duration and obesity in older Australian adults. METHOD Self-reported health data were collected through the 45 and Up Study. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test the relationship between sleep duration and body mass index, controlling for a range of demographic and health-related variables. RESULTS The sample included 45,325 Australian adults aged 55 to 95 years. The regression models demonstrated that short and long sleep were associated with obesity in 55- to 64-year-olds but not in those aged 65 years and above. DISCUSSION The present results suggest that the relationships between sleep duration and obesity previously reported in young and middle-aged adults are not evident in older adults. The absence of these relationships could reflect a combination of age-related factors that impact on sleep and body composition.
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