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Kushary S, Cao X, Ghosh T, Roy PK. A mathematical insight to control the disease psoriasis using mesenchymal stem cell transplantation with a biologic inhibitor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21897. [PMID: 39300232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious, immune-mediated skin disorder. Inflammation of the skin's surface is characterised by scaly white, red, or silvery spots that occur due to the hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes in the epidermal layer. Primarily, pharmaceutical drugs or immune therapy are used to treat psoriasis. We are all aware that, certain therapeutic strategies can have some adverse effects, and over time, that hidden inflammation may manifest. This article introduces a mathematical model for psoriasis, formulated by employing a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that describe the densities of T-cells, dendritic cells (DCs), keratinocytes, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as basic cell populations. A tumor necrosis factor- α ( T N F - α ) inhibitor has been imposed from the initial stage of the treatment regime, using the optimal control theoretic approach, and the numerical results have been observed. After 80 days of monitoring using only biologic T N F - α inhibitors, if this approach did not provide the intended outcomes (when severity arises), stem cells are administered a few times in a pulsed manner as a cell replacement technique in addition to this anti T N F - α medicine. We have observed the combined therapeutic benefit of stem cell replacement with a T N F - α inhibitor from a mathematical point of view. The theoretical analysis and the numerical results revealed that stem cell transplantation, along with a T N F - α inhibitor, is a promising psoriasis treatment option moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Kushary
- Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Xianbing Cao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tushar Ghosh
- Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Priti Kumar Roy
- Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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2
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Hoch CC, Hachani K, Han Y, Schmidl B, Wirth M, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Wollenberg B. The future of interleukin gene therapy in head and neck cancers. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39291462 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2405568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer (HNC), primarily head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, originates from the squamous epithelium in areas like the oral cavity, lip, larynx, and oropharynx. With high morbidity impacting critical functions, combined treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy often fall short in advanced stages, highlighting the need for innovative therapies. AREAS COVERED This review critically evaluates interleukin (IL) gene therapy for treating HNC. The discussion extends to key ILs in HNC, various gene therapy techniques and delivery methods. We particularly focus on the application of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-24 gene therapies, examining their mechanisms and outcomes in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The final sections address IL gene therapy challenges in HNC, exploring solutions and critically assessing future therapeutic directions. EXPERT OPINION Despite advancements in genomic and immunotherapy, significant challenges in HNC treatment persist, primarily due to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment and the adverse effects of current therapies. The therapeutic efficacy of IL gene therapy hinges on overcoming these hurdles through refined delivery methods that ensure targeted, tumor-specific gene expression. Future strategies should focus on refining gene delivery methods and combining IL gene therapy with other treatments to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima C Hoch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Khouloud Hachani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schmidl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Wirth
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TranslaTUM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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3
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Li S, Wang G, Ren Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Li J, Liu H, Yang J, Xing J, Zhang Y, He C, Xu S, Hou X, Li N. Expression and function of VISTA on myeloid cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116100. [PMID: 38428824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
V-domain containing Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) is predominantly expressed on myeloid cells and functions as a ligand/receptor/soluble molecule. In inflammatory responses and immune responses, VISTA regulates multiple functions of myeloid cells, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, T cell activation. Since inflammation and immune responses are critical in many diseases, VISTA is a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we will describe the expression and function of VISTA on different myeloid cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In addition, we will discuss whether the functions of VISTA on these cells impact the disease processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Geng Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yan Ren
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jianing Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Yang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jingjun Xing
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Canxia He
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Suling Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xin Hou
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Na Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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4
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Zhu Z, Peng Q, Duan X, Li J. Interleukin-12: Structure, Function, and Its Impact in Colorectal Cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:158-169. [PMID: 38498032 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a heterodimer consisting of 2 subunits, p35 and p40, with unique associations and interacting functions with its family members. IL-12 is one of the most important cytokines regulating the immune system response and is integral to adaptive immunity. IL-12 has shown marked therapeutic potential in a variety of tumor types. This review therefore summarizes the characteristics of IL-12 and its application in tumor treatment, focusing on its antitumor effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) and potential radiosensitization mechanisms. We aim to provide a current reference for IL-12 and other potential CRC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmei Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of. China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Medicine, Southwest Medical University of China, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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5
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Khan S, Bilal H, Khan MN, Fang W, Chang W, Yin B, Song NJ, Liu Z, Zhang D, Yao F, Wang X, Wang Q, Cai L, Hou B, Wang J, Mao C, Liu L, Zeng Y. Interleukin inhibitors and the associated risk of candidiasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372693. [PMID: 38605952 PMCID: PMC11007146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) are vital in regulating the immune system, enabling to combat fungal diseases like candidiasis effectively. Their inhibition may cause enhanced susceptibility to infection. IL inhibitors have been employed to control autoimmune diseases and inhibitors of IL-17 and IL-23, for example, have been associated with an elevated risk of Candida infection. Thus, applying IL inhibitors might impact an individual's susceptibility to Candida infections. Variations in the severity of Candida infections have been observed between individuals with different IL inhibitors, necessitating careful consideration of their specific risk profiles. IL-1 inhibitors (anakinra, canakinumab, and rilonacept), IL-2 inhibitors (daclizumab, and basiliximab), and IL-4 inhibitors (dupilumab) have rarely been associated with Candida infection. In contrast, tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL-6, has demonstrated an elevated risk in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment, as evidenced by a 6.9% prevalence of candidemia among patients using the drug. Furthermore, the incidence of Candida infections appeared to be higher in patients exposed to IL-17 inhibitors than in those exposed to IL-23 inhibitors. Therefore, healthcare practitioners must maintain awareness of the risk of candidiasis associated with using of IL inhibitors before prescribing them. Future prospective studies need to exhaustively investigate candidiasis and its associated risk factors in patients receiving IL inhibitors. Implementing enduring surveillance methods is crucial to ensure IL inhibitors safe and efficient utilization of in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Khan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hazrat Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning-jing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongrong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Meizhou Dongshan Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Dermatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fen Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University School Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Skin and Venereal Diseases Prevention and Control Hospital of Shantou City, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Mao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingxi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuebin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Lee G, Kim A, Kang HR, Hwang JH, Park JH, Lee MJ, Kim B, Kim SM. Porcine interferon-α linked to the porcine IgG-Fc induces prolonged and broad-spectrum antiviral effects against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105836. [PMID: 38360296 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease, and the FMD virus (FMDV) can spread rapidly in susceptible animals. FMD is usually controlled through vaccination. However, commercial FMD vaccines are only effective 4-7 days after vaccination. Furthermore, FMDV comprises seven serotypes and various topotypes, and these aspects should be considered when selecting a vaccine. Antiviral agents could provide rapid and broad protection against FMDV. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a fusion protein of consensus porcine interferon-α and Fc portion of porcine antibody IgG (poIFN-α-Fc) using a baculovirus expression system to develop a novel antiviral agent against FMDV. We measured the antiviral effects of the poIFN-α-Fc protein against FMDV and the enhanced duration in vitro and in vivo. The broad-spectrum antiviral effects were tested against seven FMDV serotypes, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and bovine enterovirus (BEV). Furthermore, the early protective effects and neutralizing antibody levels were tested by co-injecting poIFN-α-Fc and an FMD-inactivated vaccine into mice or pigs. Sustained antiviral effects in pig sera and mice were observed, and pigs injected with a combination of the poIFN-α-Fc and an inactivated FMD vaccine were protected against FMDV in a dose-dependent manner at 2- and 4-days post-vaccination. In addition, combined with the inactivated FMD vaccine, poIFN-α-Fc increased the neutralizing antibody levels in mice. Therefore, poIFN-α-Fc is a potential broad-spectrum antiviral and adjuvant candidate that can be used with inactivated FMD vaccines to protect pigs against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongmin Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aro Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Rin Kang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Hwang
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Strašek Benedik N, Dolšak A, Švajger U, Sosič I, Gobec S, Sova M. Structural Optimization and Biological Evaluation of Isoxazolo[5,4 -d]pyrimidines as Selective Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonists. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2362-2382. [PMID: 38250345 PMCID: PMC10795023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of innate immunity that play a crucial role in several diseases, including chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In particular, TLR7 has been identified as a key player in the innate immune response against viral infections and small-molecule TLR7 agonists have shown potential for vaccine therapy, for treatment of asthma and allergies, and as anticancer drugs. Inspired by our previous discovery of selective TLR7 agonists, our goal was to develop and introduce a new chemotype of TLR7 agonists by replacing the quinazoline ring with a new heterocycle isoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine. Here, we report design, optimized synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of a novel class of TLR7 agonists based on the 6-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine scaffold that demonstrate high selectivity and low micromolar potencies. The best-in-class agonist 21a, with an EC50 value of 7.8 μM, also proved to be noncytotoxic and induced secretion of cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-8, and TNF-α, indicating its potential to modulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Strašek Benedik
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ana Dolšak
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Urban Švajger
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Blood
Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matej Sova
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Zhou J, Wan F, Wang L, Peng C, Huang R, Peng F. STAT4 facilitates PD-L1 level via IL-12R/JAK2/STAT3 axis and predicts immunotherapy response in breast cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e464. [PMID: 38107057 PMCID: PMC10724500 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a critical transcription factor for T helper cell differentiation and tumor cells. Although its prognostic role and gene function have been reported in several carcinomas, the role of STAT4 in vitro and in vivo in breast cancer remains poorly understood. The effect of STAT4 in immunotherapy is also unclear. Therefore, we integrated bulk transcriptomics, experiments, and single-cell transcriptomics to systematically analyze its function in prognosis and signaling pathway. Several clinical breast cancer cohorts confirmed STAT4 as a T-cell relevant prognostic biomarker. Overexpressed STAT4 increased programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and major histocompatibility complex class II levels in breast cancer cells. In molecular mechanism, transcriptional synergy between STAT4 and STAT3 transactivated interleukin (IL)-12R and involved a positive feedback loop: STAT4/IL-12R/JAK2-STAT3-STAT4, which contributed to the upregulation of PD-L1 expression. The above signaling axis was defined as the STAT4-related pathway and its score was used to predict T-cell expansion and anti-PD1 treatment response. These findings highlight a novel molecular mechanism indirectly regulating PD-L1 through the STAT4-related pathway: IL-12R/JAK2-STAT3-STAT4/PD-L1, and it has potential application in predicting anti-PD-1 immunotherapy response, which may pave the way for stratified immunotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhou
- West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Feng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine ResourcesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Li Wang
- West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine ResourcesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ruizhen Huang
- Department of CardiovascularHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Fu Peng
- West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory of Drug‐Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Upadhaya P, Lamenza FF, Shrestha S, Roth P, Jagadeesha S, Pracha H, Horn NA, Oghumu S. Berry Extracts and Their Bioactive Compounds Mitigate LPS and DNFB-Mediated Dendritic Cell Activation and Induction of Antigen Specific T-Cell Effector Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1667. [PMID: 37759970 PMCID: PMC10525528 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Berries have gained widespread recognition for their abundant natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, there has been limited research conducted thus far to investigate the role of the active constituents of berries in alleviating contact hypersensitivity (CHS), the most prevalent occupational dermatological disease. Our study involved an ex vivo investigation aimed at evaluating the impact of black raspberry extract (BRB-E) and various natural compounds found in berries, such as protocatechuic acid (PCA), proanthocyanidins (PANT), ellagic acid (EA), and kaempferol (KMP), on mitigating the pathogenicity of CHS. We examined the efficacy of these natural compounds on the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) triggered by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Specifically, we measured the expression of activation markers CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86 and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, to gain further insights. Potential mechanisms through which these phytochemicals could alleviate CHS were also investigated by investigating the role of phospho-ERK. Subsequently, DCs were co-cultured with T-cells specific to the OVA323-339 peptide to examine the specific T-cell effector responses resulting from these interactions. Our findings demonstrated that BRB-E, PCA, PANT, and EA, but not KMP, inhibited phosphorylation of ERK in LPS-activated DCs. At higher doses, EA significantly reduced expression of all the activation markers studied in DNFB- and LPS-stimulated DCs. All compounds tested reduced the level of IL-6 in DNFB-stimulated DCs in Flt3L as well as in GM-CSF-derived DCs. However, levels of IL-12 were reduced by all the tested compounds in LPS-stimulated Flt3L-derived BMDCs. PCA, PANT, EA, and KMP inhibited the activated DC-mediated Interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 production by T-cells. Interestingly, PANT, EA, and KMP significantly reduced T-cell proliferation and the associated IL-2 production. Our study provides evidence for differential effects of berry extracts and natural compounds on DNFB and LPS-activated DCs revealing potential novel approaches for mitigating CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Upadhaya
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.U.); (F.F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (S.J.); (H.P.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Felipe F. Lamenza
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.U.); (F.F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (S.J.); (H.P.); (N.A.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Suvekshya Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.U.); (F.F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (S.J.); (H.P.); (N.A.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peyton Roth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.U.); (F.F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (S.J.); (H.P.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Sushmitha Jagadeesha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.U.); (F.F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (S.J.); (H.P.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Hasan Pracha
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.U.); (F.F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (S.J.); (H.P.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Natalie A. Horn
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.U.); (F.F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (S.J.); (H.P.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.U.); (F.F.L.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (S.J.); (H.P.); (N.A.H.)
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10
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Kim SK, Lee NH, Son CG. A Review of Herbal Resources Inducing Anti-Liver Metastasis Effects in Gastrointestinal Tumors via Modulation of Tumor Microenvironments in Animal Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3415. [PMID: 37444525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastases remain a major obstacle for the management of all types of tumors arising from digestive organs, and the tumor microenvironment has been regarded as an important factor in metastasis. To discover herbal candidates inhibiting the liver metastasis of tumors originating from the digestive system via the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and liver environment, we searched three representative public databases and conducted a systematic review. A total of 21 studies that employed experimental models for pancreatic (9), colon (8), and stomach cancers (4) were selected. The herbal agents included single-herb extracts (5), single compounds (12), and multiherbal decoctions (4). Curcuma longa Linn was most frequently studied for its anti-colon-liver metastatic effects, and its possible mechanisms involved the modulation of tumor microenvironment components such as vascular endothelial cells and immunity in both tumor tissues and circulating cells. The list of herbal agents and their mechanisms produced in this study is helpful for the development of anti-liver metastasis drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul-Ki Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Collage of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hun Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon University, Cheonan 31099, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Collage of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
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11
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Gerhardt L, Hong MMY, Yousefi Y, Figueredo R, Maleki Vareki S. IL-12 and IL-27 Promote CD39 Expression on CD8+ T Cells and Differentially Regulate the CD39+CD8+ T Cell Phenotype. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1598-1606. [PMID: 37000461 PMCID: PMC10152038 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-specific CD8+ T cells are critical components of antitumor immunity; however, factors that modulate their phenotype and function have not been completely elucidated. Cytokines IL-12 and IL-27 have recognized roles in promoting CD8+ T cells' effector function and mediated antitumor responses. Tumor-specific CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be identified based on surface expression of CD39, whereas bystander CD8+ TILs do not express this enzyme. It is currently unclear how and why tumor-specific CD8+ T cells uniquely express CD39. Given the important roles of IL-12 and IL-27 in promoting CD8+ T cell functionality, we investigated whether these cytokines could modulate CD39 expression on these cells. Using in vitro stimulation assays, we identified that murine splenic CD8+ T cells differentially upregulate CD39 in the presence of IL-12 and IL-27. Subsequently, we assessed the exhaustion profile of IL-12- and IL-27-induced CD39+CD8+ T cells. Despite the greatest frequency of exhausted CD39+CD8+ T cells after activation with IL-12, as demonstrated by the coexpression of TIM-3+PD-1+LAG-3+ and reduced degranulation capacity, these cells retained the ability to produce IFN-γ. IL-27-induced CD39+CD8+ T cells expressed PD-1 but did not exhibit a terminally exhausted phenotype. IL-27 was able to attenuate IL-12-mediated inhibitory receptor expression on CD39+CD8+ T cells but did not rescue degranulation ability. Using an immunogenic neuro-2a mouse model, inhibiting IL-12 activity reduced CD39+CD8+ TIL frequency compared with controls without changing the overall CD8+ TIL frequency. These results provide insight into immune regulators of CD39 expression on CD8+ T cells and further highlight the differential impact of CD39-inducing factors on the phenotype and effector functions of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gerhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan M. Y. Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yeganeh Yousefi
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rene Figueredo
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Lee G, Kang HR, Kim A, Park JH, Lee MJ, Kim SM. Preventive effects of quercetin against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro and in vivo by inducing type I interferon. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1121830. [PMID: 37250022 PMCID: PMC10213290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute contagious infectious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. Although current emergency FMD vaccines only take effect 7 days after vaccination, antiviral agents, such as quercetin, which is a common flavonoid, could reduce the spread of FMD virus (FMDV) during outbreaks. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of quercetin against FMDV. Analysis of viral copy numbers showed that quercetin had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on FMDV at concentrations between 19.5 and 1,250 μM in porcine cells. In addition, we observed a quercetin-induced interferon (IFN)-α protein and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) upregulation in swine cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of sera revealed that quercetin induces the production of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-15 in mice. Inoculation of mice with quercetin or a combination of quercetin with an inactivated FMD vaccine enhanced both the survival rate and neutralizing antibody titer. Therefore, we suggest the use of quercetin as a novel and effective antiviral agent for controlling FMDV infection; however, further investigation of its application in livestock is required.
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13
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Murai N, Koyanagi-Aoi M, Terashi H, Aoi T. Re-generation of cytotoxic γδT cells with distinctive signatures from human γδT-derived iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:853-868. [PMID: 36963392 PMCID: PMC10147660 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, ex vivo-expanded peripheral-blood-derived γδT cell (PBγδT)-based immunotherapy has been attractive, and clinical trials have been undertaken. However, the difficulty in expanding cytotoxic γδT cells to an adequate number has been a major limitation to the efficacy of treatment in most cases. We successfully re-generated γδT cells from γδT cell-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The iPSC-derived γδT cells (iγδTs) killed several cancer types in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that the iγδTs were identical to a minor subset of PBγδTs. Compared with a major subset of PBγδTs, the iγδTs showed a distinctive gene expression pattern: lower CD2, CD5, and antigen-presenting genes; higher CD7, KIT, and natural killer (NK) cell markers. The iγδTs expressed granzyme B and perforin but not interferon gamma (IFNγ). Our data provide a new source for γδT cell-based immunotherapy without quantitative limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Murai
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Terashi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Division of Stem Cell Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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14
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Do HD, Marie C, Bessoles S, Dhotel H, Seguin J, Larrat B, Doan BT, Scherman D, Escriou V, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Mignet N. Combination of thermal ablation by focused ultrasound, pFAR4-IL-12 transfection and lipidic adjuvant provide a distal immune response. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022; 3:398-413. [PMID: 36046055 PMCID: PMC9400762 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Gene-based immunotherapy against cancer is limited by low gene transfer efficiency. In the literature, interleukin-12 (IL-12) encoding plasmid associated with sonoporation has been shown to enhance antitumoral activity. Moreover, non-viral carriers and high-frequency ultrasound have both been shown to promote immune response activation. Here, IL-12 encoding plasmid, non-viral carrier stimulating the immune response and focused ultrasound were combined in order to improve the antitumoral efficiency. Methods: In order to enhance a gene-based antitumoral immune response, home-made lipids Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists and plasmid free of antibiotic resistance version 4 (pFAR4), a mini-plasmid, encoding the IL-12 cytokine were combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The lipid composition and the combination conditions were selected following in vitro and in vivo preliminary studies. The expression of IL-12 from our plasmid construct was measured in vitro and in vivo. The combination strategy was evaluated in mice bearing colon carcinoma cells (CT26) tumors following their weight, tumor volume, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the serum and produced by splenocytes exposed to CT26 tumor cells. Results: Lipid-mediated cell transfection and intratumoral injection into CT26 tumor mice using pFAR4-IL-12 led to the secretion of the IL-12 cytokine into cell supernatant and mice sera, respectively. Conditions of thermal deposition using HIFU were optimized. The plasmid encoding pFAR4-IL-12 or TLR2 agonist alone had no impact on tumor growth compared with control mice, whereas the complete treatment consisting of pFAR4-IL-12, TLR2 lipid agonist, and HIFU limited tumor growth. Moreover, only the complete treatment increased significantly mice survival and provided an abscopal effect on a metastatic CT26 model. Conclusions: The HIFU condition was highly efficient to stop tumor growth. The combined therapy was the most efficient in terms of IL-12 and IFN-γ production and mice survival. The study showed the feasibility and the limits of this combined therapy which has the potential to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Doan Do
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Marie
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, Université PSL, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Hélène Dhotel
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Larrat
- NeuroSpin, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bich-Thuy Doan
- Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, SEISADCNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Escriou
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
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15
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BacMam Expressing Highly Glycosylated Porcine Interferon Alpha Induces Robust Antiviral and Adjuvant Effects against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs. J Virol 2022; 96:e0052822. [PMID: 35604219 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00528-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and has severe global economic consequences. FMD is most commonly controlled by vaccination. Currently available commercial FMD vaccines contain chemically inactivated whole viruses, which are thought to be slow acting as they are effective only 4 to 7 days following vaccination. Hence, the development of a novel rapid vaccine or alternative measures, such as antiviral agents or the combination of vaccines and antiviral agents for prompt FMD virus (FMDV) outbreak containment, is desirable. Here, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus (BacMam) expressing consensus porcine interferon alpha (IFN-α) that has three additional N-glycosylation sites driven by a cytomegalovirus immediate early (CMV-IE) promoter (Bac-Con3N IFN-α) for protein expression in mammalian cells. Bac-Con3N IFN-α expressing highly glycosylated porcine IFN-α protein increased the duration of antiviral effects. We evaluated the antiviral effects of Bac-Con3N IFN-α in swine cells and mice and observed sustained antiviral effects in pig serum; additionally, Bac-Con3N IFN-α exhibited sustained antiviral effects in vivo as well as adjuvant effects in combination with an inactivated FMD vaccine. Pigs injected with a combination of Bac-Con3N IFN-α and the inactivated FMD vaccine were protected against FMDV at 1, 3, and 7 days postvaccination. Furthermore, we observed that in combination with the inactivated FMD vaccine, Bac-Con3N IFN-α increased neutralizing antibody levels in mice and pigs. Therefore, we suggest that Bac-Con3N IFN-α is a strong potential antiviral and adjuvant candidate for use in combination with inactivated FMD vaccines to protect pigs against FMDV. IMPORTANCE Early inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) replication in pigs is highly desirable as FMDV transmission and shedding rates are higher in pigs than in cattle. However, commercial FMD vaccines require at least 4 to 7 days postvaccination (dpv) for protection, and animals are vulnerable to heterologous viruses before acquiring high antibody levels after the second vaccination. Therefore, the development of antiviral agents for use in combination with FMD vaccines is essential. We developed a novel antiviral and immunostimulant, Bac-Con3N IFN-α, which is a modified porcine IFN-α-expressing recombinant baculovirus, to improve IFN stability and allow its direct delivery to animals. We present a promising candidate for use in combination with inactivated FMD vaccines as pigs applied to the strategy had early protection against FMDV at 1 to 7 dpv, and their neutralizing antibody levels were higher than those in pigs administered the vaccine only.
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16
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Liu Y, Geng Y, Yue B, Lo PC, Huang J, Jin H. Injectable Hydrogel as a Unique Platform for Antitumor Therapy Targeting Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 12:832942. [PMID: 35111169 PMCID: PMC8801935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.832942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy can boost the immune response of patients to eliminate tumor cells and suppress tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, immunotherapy resistance and the occurrence of severe immune-related adverse effects are clinical challenges that remain to be addressed. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Injectable hydrogels have emerged as powerful drug delivery platforms offering good biocompatibility and biodegradability, minimal invasion, convenient synthesis, versatility, high drug-loading capacity, controlled drug release, and low toxicity. In this review, we summarize the application of injectable hydrogels as a unique platform for targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Geng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beilei Yue
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Jin S, Sun Y, Liang X, Gu X, Ning J, Xu Y, Chen S, Pan L. Emerging new therapeutic antibody derivatives for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:39. [PMID: 35132063 PMCID: PMC8821599 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies constitute a promising class of targeted anticancer agents that enhance natural immune system functions to suppress cancer cell activity and eliminate cancer cells. The successful application of IgG monoclonal antibodies has inspired the development of various types of therapeutic antibodies, such as antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and antibody derivatives (e.g., antibody–drug conjugates and immunocytokines). The miniaturization and multifunctionalization of antibodies are flexible and viable strategies for diagnosing or treating malignant tumors in a complex tumor environment. In this review, we summarize antibodies of various molecular types, antibody applications in cancer therapy, and details of clinical study advances. We also discuss the rationale and mechanism of action of various antibody formats, including antibody–drug conjugates, antibody–oligonucleotide conjugates, bispecific/multispecific antibodies, immunocytokines, antibody fragments, and scaffold proteins. With advances in modern biotechnology, well-designed novel antibodies are finally paving the way for successful treatments of various cancers, including precise tumor immunotherapy, in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Jin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Ning
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Precision Medicine on Tumor Therapeutics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, 311200, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Liqiang Pan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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The influence of cytokines on the complex pathology of ulcerative colitis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:103017. [PMID: 34902606 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) specifically affects the colon and rectum through multifactorial mechanisms associated with genetic alterations, environmental factors, microbiota, and mucosal immune dysregulation. In patients with corticosteroid-refractory UC, current therapies primarily employ antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-α, α4β7 integrin, and interleukin (IL)-12/23 p40; and a small-molecule Janus kinase inhibitor. Despite these revolutionary molecular targeting therapies introduced during the last two decades, 30%-55% of patients fail to respond such molecular targeting agents in the induction phase, requiring changes in treatment. Here we review basic and clinical research aimed to address this problem, focusing on the pathogenic effects of cytokines produced by innate and adaptive immune cells. For example, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, T helper (Th) 1-, Th2-, and Th17-associated cytokines are expressed at relatively higher levels in the intestinal tissues of patients with UC. However, their expression levels depend on disease stage and patient characteristics. The complex pathology of UC may induce differences in responses to therapy. The findings of such studies strongly support the argument that future targeted therapies must focus on differences in cytokine levels associated with the stages of UC as well as on the distinct cytokine expression profiles of individual patients.
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19
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Xu J, Sun Z, Li W, Liu L, Gao F, Pan D. Epidemiological characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles of enterovirus encephalitis in children in Hangzhou, China. J Med Virol 2021; 94:2645-2652. [PMID: 34862630 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are common causes of viral encephalitis in children. To better understand the epidemiological and pathological characteristics of EV encephalitis, we enrolled suspected encephalitis patients younger than 15 years old in Hangzhou, China, from October 2016 to September 2019 for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection and analyses. A total of 7735 CSF samples were collected, among which 330 (4.27%) were positive for the EV genome. The positivity rate was significantly higher in boys than girls (χ2 = 5.68, p = 0.02). The monthly case numbers peaked from June to August (80.30%). Among the different age groups, the 0-2 months age group showed the highest number of cases (28.48% of all cases). The 6-7 years (10.82%) and 9-10 years (9.29%) age groups showed the highest EV-positivity rates among suspected encephalitis cases. Sixty-two EV-positive and 53 control CSF samples were collected for Bio-Plex Pro human cytokine assays that simultaneously tested 48 cytokines. Principle component analyses showed significant separation between EV-positive and control samples, but insignificant separation between children and newborns. The levels of 28 cytokines and chemokines were significantly elevated in the EV-positive group including many proinflammatory and a few anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as chemokines belonging to the CC and CXC subfamilies. Only one cytokine, stem cell growth factor-β, showed a decrease in the EV-positive group. Thus, this study revealed age, sex, and seasonal preferences for EV encephalitis incidences in children and identified many cytokines dysregulated during EV encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, and Department of Infectious Diseases of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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IκBα is required for full transcriptional induction of some NFκB-regulated genes in response to TNF in MCF-7 cells. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:42. [PMID: 34853340 PMCID: PMC8636565 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory stimuli triggers the degradation of three inhibitory κB (IκB) proteins, allowing for nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) for transcriptional induction of its target genes. Of these three, IκBα is a well-known negative feedback regulator that limits the duration of NFκB activity. We sought to determine whether IκBα's role in enabling or limiting NFκB activation is important for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced gene expression in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Contrary to our expectations, many more TNF-response genes showed reduced induction than enhanced induction in IκBα knockdown cells. Mathematical modeling was used to investigate the underlying mechanism. We found that the reduced activation of some NFκB target genes in IκBα-deficient cells could be explained by the incoherent feedforward loop (IFFL) model. In addition, for a subset of genes, prolonged NFκB activity due to loss of negative feedback control did not prolong their transient activation; this implied a multi-state transcription cycle control of gene induction. Genes encoding key inflammation-related transcription factors, such as JUNB and KLF10, were found to be best represented by a model that contained both the IFFL and the transcription cycle motif. Our analysis sheds light on the regulatory strategies that safeguard inflammatory gene expression from overproduction and repositions the function of IκBα not only as a negative feedback regulator of NFκB but also as an enabler of NFκB-regulated stimulus-responsive inflammatory gene expression. This study indicates the complex involvement of IκBα in the inflammatory response to TNF that is induced by radiation therapy in breast cancer.
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21
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Zampogiannis A, Piperi C, Baka M, Zoi I, Papavassiliou AG, Moschovi M. Low IL-23 levels in peripheral blood and bone marrow at diagnosis of acute leukemia in children increased with the elimination of leukemic burden. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7426-7435. [PMID: 34235838 PMCID: PMC8335666 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL‐23 is an IL‐12 cytokine family member with pleiotropic functions that regulates tumour growth in various cancer types, exhibiting both anti‐tumorigenic and pro‐tumorigenic properties. Preclinical studies have shown a potential anti‐leukemic action on childhood B‐ALL cells. The study involved 65 children with acute leukemia [59 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 6 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)] and 27 healthy controls. Using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, we aimed to determine the IL‐23 levels in the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of patients at diagnosis and at the end of the induction therapy (EIT). PB IL‐23 levels were lower in leukemia patients compared to the healthy controls. In all acute leukemia patients, IL‐23 levels were significantly lower at diagnosis both in PB (P = .015) and in BM (P = .037) compared to the PB and BM concentrations at the EIT. The same pattern was present in both subgroups of ALL and AML patients. The high leukemic burden at diagnosis was related with lower IL‐23 levels, which were increased with the disease remission. Considering the anti‐leukemic potential of this cytokine, the elevation of the IL‐23 concentration at the disease remission indicates a beneficial role of IL‐23 in paediatric acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontis Zampogiannis
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Medical School, "Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Baka
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Iliana Zoi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Moschovi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Medical School, "Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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da Luz JCDS, Antunes F, Clavijo-Salomon MA, Signori E, Tessarollo NG, Strauss BE. Clinical Applications and Immunological Aspects of Electroporation-Based Therapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:727. [PMID: 34358144 PMCID: PMC8310106 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible electropermeabilization (RE) is an ultrastructural phenomenon that transiently increases the permeability of the cell membrane upon application of electrical pulses. The technique was described in 1972 by Neumann and Rosenheck and is currently used in a variety of applications, from medicine to food processing. In oncology, RE is applied for the intracellular transport of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as the delivery of genetic material in gene therapies and vaccinations. This review summarizes the physical changes of the membrane, the particularities of bleomycin, and the immunological aspects involved in electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer, two important EP-based cancer therapies in human and veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos dos Santos da Luz
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | | | - Emanuela Signori
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nayara Gusmão Tessarollo
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Bryan E. Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
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Imgenberg-Kreuz J, Rasmussen A, Sivils K, Nordmark G. Genetics and epigenetics in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:2085-2098. [PMID: 30770922 PMCID: PMC8121440 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is considered to be a multifactorial disease, where underlying genetic predisposition, epigenetic mechanisms and environmental factors contribute to disease development. In the last 5 years, the first genome-wide association studies in pSS have been completed. The strongest signal of association lies within the HLA genes, whereas the non-HLA genes IRF5 and STAT4 show consistent associations in multiple ethnicities but with a smaller effect size. The majority of the genetic risk variants are found at intergenic regions and their functional impact has in most cases not been elucidated. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs play a role in the pathogenesis of pSS by their modulating effects on gene expression and may constitute a dynamic link between the genome and phenotypic manifestations. This article reviews the hitherto published genetic studies and our current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Imgenberg-Kreuz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden2Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden2Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kathy Sivils
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden2Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden2Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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24
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Lee HJ, Cho HE, Park HJ. Germinated black soybean fermented with Lactobacillus pentosus SC65 alleviates DNFB-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity in C57BL/6N mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113236. [PMID: 32750462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhynchosia nulubilis (black soybean) has many applications in oriental medicine. It is traditionally used to treat disease related with high blood pressure, diabetes, inflammation, and osteoporosis. Furthermore, fermented soybean foods have traditionally been used for immunity enhancement in East Asia. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of germinated R. nulubilis (GR) against delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) are not fully understood. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis (GR) fermented with the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus pentosus SC65 (GR-SC65) isolated from pickled burdock. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effects of GR-SC65 (300 mg/kg/day) on ear thickness and immune cell infiltration in DNFB-induced DTH in mice. We used dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) as a reference drug. Changes in infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells were examined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we investigated cytokine and chemokine production related to DTH using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated DTH-related cytokine production using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. RESULTS Two lactic acid bacterial strains (Lactobacillus pentosus SC65 and Pediococcus pentosaceus ON81A) were selected for fermenting GR due to their high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. The total polyphenol contents (TPCs) in GR-SC65 and GR-ON81A were higher than that in unfermented GR (∗∗∗P < 0.001 vs. GR). Content of daidzein, glycitein, and genistein, the deglycosylated form of isoflavonoids, was higher in GR-SC65 than in unfermented GR. The ethanol extracts of GR-SC65 exerted a stronger anti-inflammatory activity than GR by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. GR-SC65 reduced 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced ear swelling and hyperplasia as well as vascular permeability. Fewer infiltrated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in the ear tissue of the GR-SC65-treated mice than those of the unfermented GR-treated mice. Furthermore, fewer infiltrated NK cells were observed in the GR-SC65 treated mice, than in the GR-treated mice. GR-SC65 significantly diminished the levels of CCL5 and COX-2 mRNAs and increased the level of IL-10 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that GR-SC65 can be used as a health supplement or a prophylactic against delayed-type hypersensitive inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Bhat AA, Nisar S, Maacha S, Carneiro-Lobo TC, Akhtar S, Siveen KS, Wani NA, Rizwan A, Bagga P, Singh M, Reddy R, Uddin S, Grivel JC, Chand G, Frenneaux MP, Siddiqi MA, Bedognetti D, El-Rifai W, Macha MA, Haris M. Cytokine-chemokine network driven metastasis in esophageal cancer; promising avenue for targeted therapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:2. [PMID: 33390169 PMCID: PMC7780621 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant metastases among patients with advanced disease account for the high mortality rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, adipocytes, stromal proteins, and growth factors, which play a significant role in supporting the growth and aggressive behavior of cancer cells. The complex and dynamic interactions of the secreted cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and their receptors mediate chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME favoring tumor progression, metastasis, and decreased response to therapy. The molecular changes in the TME are used as biological markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment in patients. This review highlighted the novel insights into the understanding and functional impact of deregulated cytokines and chemokines in imparting aggressive EC, stressing the nature and therapeutic consequences of the cytokine-chemokine network. We also discuss cytokine-chemokine oncogenic potential by contributing to the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metastatic niche, and therapeutic resistance development. In addition, it discusses the wide range of changes and intracellular signaling pathways that occur in the TME. Overall, this is a relatively unexplored field that could provide crucial insights into tumor immunology and encourage the effective application of modulatory cytokine-chemokine therapy to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Selma Maacha
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mayank Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (BRAIRCH), AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gyan Chand
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Mushtaq A Siddiqi
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunogenomics, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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26
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Beizavi Z, Zohouri M, Asadipour M, Ghaderi A. IL-27, a pleiotropic cytokine for fine-tuning the immune response in cancer. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:319-329. [PMID: 33146571 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1840565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27, a member of the IL-6/IL-12 family, has an important role in modulating inflammation in partnership with innate and adaptive immune cells. IL-27 binding to IL-27R starts downstream signaling based on the target cells. It can instigate inflammation by inducing CD4+ T cell proliferation, Th1 polarization, cytotoxic T cell activation, generation of the natural killer cell, and macrophage and dendritic cell activation. However, by inducing programmed cell death and suppression of effector cells, IL-27 can suppress inflammation and return the immune response to hemostasis. Altogether, IL-27 displays multifaceted dual functions, which may result in either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Recent investigations indicated the antitumor activity of IL-27 via inducing Th1, and CTL responses and generating NK cells. On the other hand, IL-27 also can promote tumor cells' proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. In the present review, we'll discuss recent advances concerning the role of IL-27 in inflammatory diseases such as infections, autoimmune diseases with a focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beizavi
- Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Zohouri
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morvarid Asadipour
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas as a Model for Human Disease: A Preliminary Investigation on Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112364. [PMID: 33121116 PMCID: PMC7693514 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common tumors in older horses, with poor prognosis mostly due to local invasion and recurrence. These tumors are thought to be mainly caused by Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2). The aim of this study is to characterize the tumor immune environment (TIME) in equine penile tumors. Equine penile epithelial tumors (17 epSCCs; 2 carcinomas in situ, CIS; 1 papilloma, P) were retrospectively selected; immune infiltrate was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry; RT-qPCR tested the expression of selected chemokines and EcPV-2 DNA and RNA. The results confirmed EcPV-2-L1 DNA in 18/20 (90%) samples. L1 expression was instead retrieved in 13/20 cases (65%). The samples showed an increased infiltration of CD3+lymphocytes, macrophages (MAC387; IBA1), plasma cells (MUM1), and FoxP3+lymphocytes in the intra/peritumoral stroma when compared to extratumoral tissues (p < 0.05). Only MAC387+neutrophils were increased in EcPV-2high viral load samples (p < 0.05). IL12/p35 was differentially expressed in EcPVhigh and EcPVlow groups (p = 0.007). A significant decrease of IFNG and IL2 expression was highlighted in TGFB1-positive samples (p < 0.05). IBA1 and CD20 were intratumorally increased in cases where IL-10 was expressed (p < 0.005). EpSCCs may represent a good spontaneous model for the human counterpart. Further prospective studies are needed in order to confirm these preliminary results.
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28
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Gamboa AC, Lee RM, Turgeon MK, Varlamos C, Regenbogen SE, Hrebinko KA, Holder-Murray J, Wiseman JT, Ejaz A, Feng MP, Hawkins AT, Bauer P, Silviera M, Maithel SK, Balch GC. Impact of Postoperative Complications on Oncologic Outcomes After Rectal Cancer Surgery: An Analysis of the US Rectal Cancer Consortium. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1712-1721. [PMID: 32968958 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative complications (POCs) are associated with worse oncologic outcomes in several cancer types. The implications of complications after rectal cancer surgery are not well studied. METHODS The United States Rectal Cancer Consortium (2007-2017) was reviewed for primary rectal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent R0/R1 resection. Ninety-day POCs were categorized as major or minor and were grouped into infectious, cardiopulmonary, thromboembolic, renal, or intestinal dysmotility. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS Among 1136 patients, the POC rate was 46% (n = 527), with 63% classified as minor and 32% classified as major. Of all POCs, infectious complications comprised 20%, cardiopulmonary 3%, thromboembolic 5%, renal 9%, and intestinal dysmotility 19%. Compared with minor or no POCs, major POCs were associated with both worse RFS and worse OS (both p < 0.01). Compared with no POCs, a single POC was associated with worse RFS (p < 0.01), while multiple POCs were associated with worse OS (p = 0.02). Regardless of complication grade, infectious POCs were associated with worse RFS (p < 0.01), while cardiopulmonary and thromboembolic POCs were associated with worse OS (both p < 0.01). Renal POCs were associated with both worse RFS (p < 0.001) and worse OS (p = 0.01). After accounting for pathologic stage, neoadjuvant therapy, and final margin status, Multivariable analysis (MVA) demonstrated worse outcomes with cardiopulmonary, thromboembolic, and renal POCs for OS (cardiopulmonary: hazard ratio [HR] 3.6, p = 0.01; thromboembolic: HR 19.4, p < 0.01; renal: HR 2.4, p = 0.01), and renal and infectious POCs for RFS (infectious: HR 2.1, p < 0.01; renal: HR 3.2, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Major complications after proctectomy for cancer are associated with decreased RFS and OS. Given the association of infectious complications and postoperative renal dysfunction with earlier recurrence of disease, efforts must be directed towards defining best practices and standardizing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Gamboa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel M Lee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael K Turgeon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher Varlamos
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott E Regenbogen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine A Hrebinko
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Holder-Murray
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason T Wiseman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aslam Ejaz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael P Feng
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander T Hawkins
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Philip Bauer
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Silviera
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shishir K Maithel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Glen C Balch
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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29
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Guan P, Schaub R, Nichols KE, Das R. Combination of NKT14m and Low Dose IL-12 Promotes Invariant Natural Killer T Cell IFN-γ Production and Tumor Control. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145085. [PMID: 32708464 PMCID: PMC7404385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes characterized by the expression of an invariant T cell receptor (iTCR) that recognizes glycolipid antigens presented by the MHC I-like CD1d molecule. Following antigenic stimulation, iNKT cells rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines that can trans-activate dendritic cells (DC) and promote the anti-tumor functions of cytotoxic lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK) and CD8 T cells. Additionally, iNKT cells can mediate robust and direct cytotoxicity against CD1d+ tumor targets. However, many tumors down-regulate CD1d and evade iNKT cell attack. To circumvent this critical barrier to iNKT cell anti-tumor activity, a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), NKT14 has been recently developed. This agonistic antibody binds directly and specifically to the iTCR of murine iNKT cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that NKT14m mediates robust activation, cytokine production and degranulation of murine iNKT cells, in vitro. Consistently, NKT14m also promoted iNKT cell activation and immunomodulatory functions, in vivo. Finally, administration of NKT14m with low dose interleukin (IL)-12 further augmented iNKT cell IFN-γ production in vivo, and this combination conferred superior suppression of tumor cell growth compared to NKT14m or IL-12 alone. Together, these data demonstrate that a combination treatment consisting of low dose IL-12 and iTCR-specific mAb may be an attractive alternative to activate iNKT cell anti-tumor functions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD1d/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination/methods
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Natural Killer T-Cells/drug effects
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guan
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Robert Schaub
- RGS Consulting, 118 Jeremy Hill Road Pelham, Pelham, NH 03076, USA;
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Rupali Das
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-517-884-5049; Fax: +1-517-355-5125
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30
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Najmuddin SUFS, Amin ZM, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Kalyanasundram J, Ani MAC, Veerakumarasivam A, Chan SC, Chia SL, Yusoff K, Alitheen NB. Cytotoxicity study of the interleukin-12-expressing recombinant Newcastle disease virus strain, rAF-IL12, towards CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:278. [PMID: 32612457 PMCID: PMC7325054 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic viruses have emerged as an alternative therapeutic modality for cancer as they can replicate specifically in tumour cells and induce toxic effects leading to apoptosis. Despite the great potentials and promising results shown in multiple studies, it appears that their efficacy is still moderate and deemed as not sufficient in clinical studies. In addressing this issue, genetic/molecular engineering approach has paved its way to improve the therapeutic efficacy as observed in the case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) expressing granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). This study aimed to explore the cytotoxicity effects of recombinant NDV strain AF2240-i expressing interleukin-12 (rAF-IL12) against CT26 colon cancer cells. Methods The cytotoxicity effect of rAF-IL12 against CT26 colon cancer cell line was determined by MTT assay. Based on the IC50 value from the anti-proliferative assay, further downward assays such as Annexin V FITC and cell cycle progression were carried out and measured by flow cytometry. Then, the in vivo study was conducted where the rAF-IL12 viral injections were given at the intra-tumoral site of the CT26 tumour-burden mice. At the end of the experiment, serum biochemical, T cell immunophenotyping, serum cytokine, histopathology of tumour and organ section, TUNEL assay, and Nanostring gene expression analysis were performed. Results The rAF-IL12 induced apoptosis of CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro as revealed in the Annexin V FITC analysis and also arrested the cancer cells progression at G1 phase of the cell cycle analysis. On the other hand, the rAF-IL12 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the growth of CT26 tumour in Balb/c mice and had regulated the immune system by increasing the level of CD4 + , CD8 + , IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ. Furthermore, the expression level of apoptosis-related genes (bax and p53) was up-regulated as a result of the rAF-IL12 treatment. Additionally, the rAF-IL12 had also down-regulated the expression level of KRAS, BRAF, MAPK1, Notch1, CCL2, and VEGF oncogenes. Besides, rAF-IL12 intra-tumoral delivery was considered safe and not hazardous to the host as evidenced in pathophysiology of the normal tissues and organs of the mice as well as from the serum biochemistry profile of liver and kidney. Conclusions These results indicated that rAF-IL12 had better anti-tumoral and cytotoxicity effects compared to its parental wild-type, AF2240-i in combatting the CT26 colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahiah Mohamed Amin
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Alhapis Che Ani
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | | | - Soon Choy Chan
- School of Foundation Studies, Perdana University, Block B and D1, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Malaysian Genome Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology, Kajang, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 Malaysia
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Anderson K, Ryan N, Siddiqui A, Pero T, Volpedo G, Cooperstone JL, Oghumu S. Black Raspberries and Protocatechuic Acid Mitigate DNFB-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity by Down-Regulating Dendritic Cell Activation and Inhibiting Mediators of Effector Responses. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1701. [PMID: 32517233 PMCID: PMC7352349 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is the most common occupational dermatological disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the sensitization stage of CHS, while T-cells facilitate the effector mechanisms that drive CHS. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, BRB) and BRB phytochemicals possess immunomodulatory properties, but their dietary effects on CHS are unknown. We examined the effects of diets containing BRB and protocatechuic acid (PCA, a constituent of BRB and an anthocyanin metabolite produced largely by gut microbes), on CHS, using a model induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenze (DNFB). Mice were fed control diet or diets supplemented with BRB or PCA. In vitro bone-marrow derived DCs and RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with BRB extract and PCA. Mice fed BRB or PCA supplemented diets displayed decreased DNFB-induced ear swelling, marked by decreased splenic DC accumulation. BRB extract diminished DC maturation associated with reduced Cd80 expression and Interleukin (IL)-12 secretion, and PCA reduced IL-12. Dietary supplementation with BRB and PCA induced differential decreases in IL-12-driven CHS mediators, including Interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 production by T-cells. BRB extracts and PCA directly attenuated CHS-promoting macrophage activity mediated by nitric oxide and IL-12. Our results demonstrate that BRB and PCA mitigate CHS pathology, providing a rationale for CHS alleviation via dietary supplementation with BRB or BRB derived anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anderson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Nathan Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Division of Anatomy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arham Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Travis Pero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Greta Volpedo
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica L. Cooperstone
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Oghumu
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.A.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
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Nistor GI, Dillman RO. Cytokine network analysis of immune responses before and after autologous dendritic cell and tumor cell vaccine immunotherapies in a randomized trial. J Transl Med 2020; 18:176. [PMID: 32316978 PMCID: PMC7171762 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In a randomized phase II trial conducted in patients with metastatic melanoma, patient-specific autologous dendritic cell vaccines (DCV) were associated with longer survival than autologous tumor cell vaccines (TCV). Both vaccines presented antigens from cell-renewing autologous tumor cells. The current analysis was performed to better understand the immune responses induced by these vaccines, and their association with survival. Methods 110 proteomic markers were measured at a week-0 baseline, 1 week before the first of 3 weekly vaccine injections, and at week-4, 1 week after the third injection. Data was presented as a deviation from normal controls. A two-component principal component (PC) statistical analysis and discriminant analysis were performed on this data set for all patients and for each treatment cohort. Results At baseline PC-1 contained 64.4% of the variance and included the majority of cytokines associated with Th1 and Th2 responses, which positively correlated with beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1). Results were similar at baseline for both treatment cohorts. After three injections, DCV-treated patients showed correlative grouping among Th1/Th17 cytokines on PC-1, with an inverse correlation with B2M, FAS, and IL-18, and correlations among immunoglobulins in PC-2. TCV-treated patients showed a positive correlation on PC-1 among most of the cytokines and tumor markers B2M and FAS receptor. There were also correlative changes of IL12p40 with both Th1 and Th2 cytokines and TGFβ1. Discriminant analysis provided additional evidence that DCV was associated with innate, Th1/Th17, and Th2 responses while TCV was only associated with innate and Th2 responses. Conclusions These analyses confirm that DCV induced a different immune response than that induced by TCV, and these immune responses were associated with improved survival. Trial registration Clinical trials.gov NCT004936930 retrospectively registered 28 July 2009
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel I Nistor
- AIVITA Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman, Suite 130, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Robert O Dillman
- AIVITA Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman, Suite 130, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA.
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Lavoie S, Chun E, Bae S, Brennan CA, Gallini Comeau CA, Lang JK, Michaud M, Hoveyda HR, Fraser GL, Fuller MH, Layden BT, Glickman JN, Garrett WS. Expression of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 by Dendritic Cells Prevents Their Expression of Interleukin 27 and Is Required for Maintenance of Mucosal Barrier and Immune Response Against Colorectal Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1359-1372.e9. [PMID: 31917258 PMCID: PMC7291292 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal microbes and their metabolites affect the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Short-chain fatty acids are metabolites generated by intestinal microbes from dietary fiber. We investigated the mechanisms by which free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), a receptor for short-chain fatty acids that can affect the composition of the intestinal microbiome, contributes to the pathogenesis of CRC. METHODS We performed studies with ApcMin/+ mice, ApcMin/+Ffar2-/- mice, mice with conditional disruption of Ffar2 in dendritic cells (DCs) (Ffar2fl/flCD11c-Cre mice), ApcMin/+Ffar2fl/flCD11c-Cre mice, and Ffar2fl/fl mice (controls); some mice were given dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis, with or without a FFAR2 agonist or an antibody against interleukin 27 (IL27). Colon and tumor tissues were analyzed by histology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing; lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node tissues were analyzed by RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. Intestinal permeability was measured after gavage with fluorescently labeled dextran. We collected data on colorectal tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS ApcMin/+Ffar2-/- mice developed significantly more spontaneous colon tumors than ApcMin/+ mice and had increased gut permeability before tumor development, associated with reduced expression of E-cadherin. Colon tumors from ApcMin/+Ffar2-/- mice had a higher number of bacteria than tumors from ApcMin/+ mice, as well as higher frequencies of CD39+CD8+ T cells and exhausted or dying T cells. DCs from ApcMin/+Ffar2-/- mice had an altered state of activation, increased death, and higher production of IL27. Administration of an antibody against IL27 reduced the numbers of colon tumors in ApcMin/+ mice with colitis. Frequencies of CD39+CD8+ T cells and IL27+ DCs were increased in colon lamina propria from Ffar2fl/flCD11c-Cre mice with colitis compared with control mice or mice without colitis. ApcMin/+Ffar2fl/flCD11c-Cre mice developed even more tumors than ApcMin/+Ffar2fl/fl mice, and their tumors had even higher numbers of IL27+ DCs. ApcMin/+ mice with colitis given the FFAR2 agonist developed fewer colon tumors, with fewer IL27+ DCs, than mice not given the agonist. DCs incubated with the FFAR2 agonist no longer had gene expression patterns associated with activation or IL27 production. CONCLUSIONS Loss of FFAR2 promotes colon tumorigenesis in mice by reducing gut barrier integrity, increasing tumor bacterial load, promoting exhaustion of CD8+ T cells, and overactivating DCs, leading to their death. Antibodies against IL27 and an FFAR2 agonist reduce tumorigenesis in mice and might be developed for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Lavoie
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sena Bae
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlin A Brennan
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carey Ann Gallini Comeau
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica K Lang
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monia Michaud
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Miles H Fuller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department and Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Hemati M, Rasouli Nejad Z, Shokri MR, Ghahremanfard F, Mir Mohammadkhani M, Kokhaei P. IL-27 impact on NK cells activity: Implication for a robust anti-tumor response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106350. [PMID: 32120343 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 27 (IL-27) belongs to IL-12 cytokine family, has shown anti-tumor potential in several solid tumors, as well as hematologic malignancies. IL-27 can inhibit tumor growth and progression through direct and indirect mechanisms, such as inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, and anti-tumor immune response. B-CLL is characterized by remarkable immune perturbation, which leads to disease complications and reduced effectiveness of the treatment. Natural killer cells (NK) are considered as an important arm for the elimination of transformed cells. However, NK cells have shown significant impairment in patients with CLL. Here we analyzed the activity of recombinant human (rh) IL-27-stimulated NK cells in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of CLL patients using cell surface flow cytometry assessment, and cytotoxicity assay. We showed that rhIL-27 can increase CD69 on NK cells both in BM and PB. Interestingly, BM-NK cells treated with rhIL-27 exhibited a significant increase in degranulation and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity as compared with untreated NK cells, whereas it did not improve NK cell activity of PB. These observations added further explanation to the anti-tumor activity of IL-27 and also could pave the way to adoption immunostimulatory adjuvant for therapies in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Hemati
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Rasouli Nejad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Mir Mohammadkhani
- Health Research Center of Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Oncology-Pathology, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Molaei S, Alahgholi-Hajibehzad M, Gholamian-Hamadan M, Zaerieghane Z, Zamani A. Effect of 50-Hz Magnetic Fields on Serum IL-1β and IL-23 and Expression of BLIMP-1, XBP-1, and IRF-4. Inflammation 2020; 42:1800-1807. [PMID: 31286334 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Investigations demonstrated that magnetic fields (MFs) change cytokine production and expression of some immune system genes. This alteration can affect the immune system function and may lead to some diseases. Therefore, this study investigated two important inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-1β and IL-23 at two phases of pre- and post-immunization of the immune system. In addition, the expressions of three important genes in the humoral immunity, i.e., B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP-1), X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), and interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF-4) were evaluated at post-immunization phase. Eighty adult male rats were divided into four experimental groups and a control. The experimental groups were exposed to 50 -Hz MFs with magnetic flux densities of 1, 100, 500, and 2000 μT, 2 h/day for 2 months. The animals were injected by human serum albumin (100 μg/rat) on days 31, 44, and 58 of exposure. The cytokine levels in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of genes was evaluated with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Serum IL-1β was decreased at pre-immunization phase after exposure to 1 and 100 μT of 50-Hz MFs. In contrast, serum IL-23 was increased at post-immunization phase in 100 μT group. No change was observed in serum IL-1β and IL-23 in each group at pre-immunization phase compared with post-immunization. Furthermore, exposure to 100 μT downregulated expression of BLIMP-1, XBP-1, and IRF-4. In conclusion, exposure to 50-Hz MFs may decrease inflammation at short time and increase it at longer time exposures. In addition, 50-Hz MF exposure may decrease the humoral immune responses. It seems that 50-Hz MFs cause more alteration in immune system function at lower densities (100 μT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Setare Molaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alahgholi-Hajibehzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
- Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholamian-Hamadan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Zohre Zaerieghane
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838736, Iran.
- Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Afzali F, Minuchehr Z, Jahangiri S, Ranjbar MM. Immunopeptidome screening to design An immunogenic construct against PRAME positive breast cancer; An in silico study. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 85:107231. [PMID: 32065960 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer (BC) lethality, especially in early stages, led to improvements in therapeutic procedures. Lately, by improvements in our perception of biological processes and immune system new classes of vaccines are emerged that grant us the opportunity of designing resolute constructs against desired antigens. In the current study, we used a variety of immunoinformatics tools to design a novel cancer vaccine against Preferentially Expressed Antigen of Melanoma (PRAME), which counts as a cancer testis antigen for various human cancers including BC. The PRAME up-regulation leads to strengthen BC stem cells maintenance, drug resistance, cell survival, adaptation, and apoptosis evading in cancerous cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The PRAME co-expressed genes were mined and validated through BC RNA-sequencing of TCGA data. The immunodominant T-cell predicted epitopes were fused and engineered to form the vaccine. The safety, allergenicity, and immunogenic capabilities of the vaccine were confirmed by promising immunoinformatics tools. The vaccine's structure was verified to be hydrophilic in most areas through Kyte and Doolittle hydrophobicity plotting. The interactions between the designed vaccine and immune receptors of TLR4 and IL1R were confirmed by protein-protein docking after modeling its tertiary structure. Finally, codon optimization and in silico cloning were performed to guarantee better in-vivo results. CONCLUSION In conclusion, concerning in silico assessments' results in this study, the designed vaccine can potentially boost immune responses against PRAME, therefore may decrease BC development and metastasis. According to the mined PRAME co-expressed genes and their functional annotation, cell cycle regulation is the prime mechanism opted by this construct and its adjacent regulatory genes along boosting immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afzali
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zarrin Minuchehr
- Systems Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, FL, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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Abstract
There is an urgent need for improved cancer immunotherapies. The nanoparticles described here deliver genes to stimulate the immune system to specifically kill tumor cells. This synthetic, biodegradable system avoids the use of common gene delivery materials like viruses that can have safety concerns and manufacturing limitations. Local nanoparticle delivery evades adverse side effects stemming from systemic administration of immune-activating therapeutics. Importantly, this technology causes a tumor-targeting response but does not require prior knowledge of a particular patient’s gene expression profile; thus, it can serve as a platform to combat many different solid cancers. Moreover, local nanoparticle administration causes a systemic cellular immune response, which has the potential to lead to better outcomes in the context of recurrence or metastasis. Cancer immunotherapy has been the subject of extensive research, but highly effective and broadly applicable methods remain elusive. Moreover, a general approach to engender endogenous patient-specific cellular therapy, without the need for a priori knowledge of tumor antigen, ex vivo cellular manipulation, or cellular manufacture, could dramatically reduce costs and broaden accessibility. Here, we describe a biotechnology based on synthetic, biodegradable nanoparticles that can genetically reprogram cancer cells and their microenvironment in situ so that the cancer cells can act as tumor-associated antigen-presenting cells (tAPCs) by inducing coexpression of a costimulatory molecule (4-1BBL) and immunostimulatory cytokine (IL-12). In B16-F10 melanoma and MC38 colorectal carcinoma mouse models, reprogramming nanoparticles in combination with checkpoint blockade significantly reduced tumor growth over time and, in some cases, cleared the tumor, leading to long-term survivors that were then resistant to the formation of new tumors upon rechallenge at a distant site. In vitro and in vivo analyses confirmed that locally delivered tAPC-reprogramming nanoparticles led to a significant cell-mediated cytotoxic immune response with systemic effects. The systemic tumor-specific and cell-mediated immunotherapy response was achieved without requiring a priori knowledge of tumor-expressed antigens and reflects the translational potential of this nanomedicine.
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Immune Responses Raised in an Experimental Colon Carcinoma Model Following Oral Administration of Lactobacillus casei. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020368. [PMID: 32033490 PMCID: PMC7072577 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary probiotic strains on host anticancer immune responses against experimental colon carcinoma was investigated. We have previously shown that Lactobacillus casei administration led to tumor growth suppression in an experimental colon cancer model. Here, we investigated the underlying immune mechanisms involved in this tumorgrowth inhibitory effect. BALB/c mice received daily live lactobacilli per os prior to the establishment of a syngeneic subcutaneous CT26 tumor. Tumor volume, cytokine production, T cell differentiation and migration, as well as tumor cell apoptosis were examined to outline potential immunomodulatory effects following L. casei oral intake. Probiotic administration in mice resulted in a significant increase in interferon gamma (IFNγ), Granzyme B and chemokine production in the tumor tissue as well as enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration, accompanied by a suppression of tumor growth. Cytotoxic activity against cancer cells was enhanced in probioticfed compared to control mice, as evidenced by the elevation of apoptotic markers, such as cleaved caspase 3 and poly (ADPribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), in tumor tissue. Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei induced potent Th1 immune responses and cytotoxic T cell infiltration in the tumor tissue of tumorbearing mice, resulting in tumor growth inhibition. Thus, the microorganism may hold promise as a novel dietary immunoadjuvant in raising protective anticancer immune responses.
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TYK2 in Tumor Immunosurveillance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010150. [PMID: 31936322 PMCID: PMC7017180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the history of the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as the founding member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and outline its structure-function relation. Gene-targeted mice and hereditary defects of TYK2 in men have established the biological and pathological functions of TYK2 in innate and adaptive immune responses to infection and cancer and in (auto-)inflammation. We describe the architecture of the main cytokine receptor families associated with TYK2, which activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). We summarize the cytokine receptor activities with well characterized dependency on TYK2, the types of cells that respond to cytokines and TYK2 signaling-induced cytokine production. TYK2 may drive beneficial or detrimental activities, which we explain based on the concepts of tumor immunoediting and the cancer-immunity cycle in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we summarize current knowledge of TYK2 functions in mouse models of tumor surveillance. The biology and biochemistry of JAKs, TYK2-dependent cytokines and cytokine signaling in tumor surveillance are well covered in recent reviews and the oncogenic properties of TYK2 are reviewed in the recent Special Issue ‘Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer’ of Cancers.
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Liao ZX, Fa YC, Kempson IM, Tseng SJ. Repolarization of M2 to M1 Macrophages Triggered by Lactate Oxidase Released from Methylcellulose Hydrogel. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2697-2702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xian Liao
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Fa
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ivan M. Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - S.-Ja Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University YongLin Scholar, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
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41
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Guo Y, Cao W, Zhu Y. Immunoregulatory Functions of the IL-12 Family of Cytokines in Antiviral Systems. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090772. [PMID: 31443406 PMCID: PMC6784021 DOI: 10.3390/v11090772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family have been known to be inflammatory factors since their discovery. The IL-12 family consists of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, and a new member, IL-39, which has recently been identified and has not yet been studied extensively. Current literature has described the mechanisms of immunity of these cytokines and potential uses for therapy and medical cures. IL-12 was found first and is effective in combatting a wide range of naturally occurring viral infections through the upregulation of various cytokines to clear the infected cells. IL-23 has an essential function in immune networks, can induce IL-17 production, and can antagonize inhibition from IL-12 in the presence of T helper (Th) 17 cells, resulting in type II IFN (IFN-γ) regulation. IL-27 has a competitive relationship to IL-35 because they both include the same subunit, the Epstein–Barr virus-induced gene3 (EBi3). This review provides a simple introduction to the IL-12 family and focuses on their functions relevant to their actions to counteract viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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42
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Xu W, Dong J, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Yuan Y, Ta HM, Miller HE, Olson M, Rajasekaran K, Ernstoff MS, Wang D, Malarkannan S, Wang L. Immune-Checkpoint Protein VISTA Regulates Antitumor Immunity by Controlling Myeloid Cell-Mediated Inflammation and Immunosuppression. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1497-1510. [PMID: 31340983 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint protein V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) controls antitumor immunity and is a valuable target for cancer immunotherapy. This study identified a role of VISTA in regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in myeloid cells and controlling myeloid cell-mediated inflammation and immunosuppression. VISTA modulated the polyubiquitination and protein expression of TRAF6. Consequently, VISTA dampened TLR-mediated activation of MAPK/AP-1 and IKK/NF-κB signaling cascades. At cellular levels, VISTA regulated the effector functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Blocking VISTA augmented their ability to produce proinflammatory mediators and diminished their T cell-suppressive functions. These myeloid cell-dependent effects resulted in a stimulatory tumor microenvironment that promoted T-cell infiltration and activation. We conclude that VISTA is a critical myeloid cell-intrinsic immune-checkpoint protein and that the reprogramming of tolerogenic myeloid cells following VISTA blockade promotes the development of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Juan Dong
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yongwei Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hieu Minh Ta
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Halli E Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Demin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
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43
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Vivino FB, Bunya VY, Massaro-Giordano G, Johr CR, Giattino SL, Schorpion A, Shafer B, Peck A, Sivils K, Rasmussen A, Chiorini JA, He J, Ambrus JL. Sjogren's syndrome: An update on disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:81-121. [PMID: 31022578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick B Vivino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Vatinee Y Bunya
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Giacomina Massaro-Giordano
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Chadwick R Johr
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Giattino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Annemarie Schorpion
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Brian Shafer
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ammon Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Kathy Sivils
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - John A Chiorini
- NIH, Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Building 10, Room 1n113, 10 Center DR Msc 1190, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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44
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Hatziagelaki E, Tsiavou A, Gerasimou C, Vavougios GD, Spathis A, Laskos E, Papageorgiou C, Douzenis A, Christodoulou N, Stefanis N, Spandidos DA, Nikolakakis N, Tsamakis K, Rizos E. Effects of olanzapine on cytokine profile and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in drug-naive subjects with first-episode psychosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3071-3076. [PMID: 30906479 PMCID: PMC6425240 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological abnormalities have been implicated in schizophrenia. On the other hand, antipsychotics may exert immunomodulatory effects, by triggering pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory agents through complex homeostatic mechanisms, which seem to be implicated in medication responsiveness and in the presence or not of adverse effects. There is evidence that olanzapine, a second generation antipsychotic, may increase synapse formation and neurogenesis through alterations in the levels of cytokines and neurotrophic factors. In the present study, we recruited 14 drug-naive inpatients with first-episode schizophrenia (male:female ratio, 7:7) with a mean age of 26.5 years. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores and serum levels of a broad spectrum of cytokines and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were recorded twice, once at baseline prior to the initiation of olanzapine treatment and 8 weeks later, once the dose of olanzapine had stabilized. Subsequently, the associations between the PANSS scores and the measured markers were examined. Correlation analyses revealed that follow-up PANSSnegative positively correlated with baseline interleukin (IL)-6 (ρ=0.685, P=0.007) and baseline IL-27 levels (ρ=0.785, P=0.001). Furthermore, the percentage change in PANSSnegative [(PANSS-follow-up - PANSS-baseline)/PANSS-baseline; ΔPANSSnegative%)] positively correlated with baseline IL-27 (ρ=0.785, P=0.001) and baseline IL-6 levels (ρ=0.685, P=0.007). Finally, linear regression revealed that follow-up PANSSnegative was associated with baseline IL-27 (R2=0.301, P=0.042), ΔPANSSnegative% was associated with baseline IL-6 (R2=0.301, P=0.042) and baseline IL-27 levels (R2=0.446, P=0.009). Thus, these findings indicate that IL-27 and IL-6 may be trait markers in patients being administered olanzapine monotherapy at the onset of schizophrenia. However, further studies are warranted in order to replicate these associations and to confirm their potential use as biomarkers of treatment effectiveness and safety, as well as to explore novel immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erifili Hatziagelaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiavou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Gerasimou
- Second Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - George D Vavougios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, Biopolis, 41100 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Laskos
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Athens Psychiatric Hospital 'Dromokaition', 124 61 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Psychiatric Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Douzenis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Christodoulou
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nicolaos Stefanis
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Psychiatric Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikolakakis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital 'ATTIKON', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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45
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Ontoria E, Hernández-Santana YE, González-García AC, López MC, Valladares B, Carmelo E. Transcriptional Profiling of Immune-Related Genes in Leishmania infantum-Infected Mice: Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Infection and Progression of Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:197. [PMID: 30013952 PMCID: PMC6036295 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania spp. is a protozoan parasite that affects millions of people around the world. At present, there is no effective vaccine to prevent leishmaniases in humans. A major limitation in vaccine development is the lack of precise understanding of the particular immunological mechanisms that allow parasite survival in the host. The parasite-host cell interaction induces dramatic changes in transcriptome patterns in both organisms, therefore, a detailed analysis of gene expression in infected tissues will contribute to the evaluation of drug and vaccine candidates, the identification of potential biomarkers, and the understanding of the immunological pathways that lead to protection or progression of disease. In this large-scale analysis, differential expression of 112 immune-related genes has been analyzed using high-throughput qPCR in spleens of infected and naïve Balb/c mice at four different time points. This analysis revealed that early response against Leishmania infection is characterized by the upregulation of Th1 markers and M1-macrophage activation molecules such as Ifng, Stat1, Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Ccr5, Cxcr3, Xcl1, and Ccl3. This activation doesn't protect spleen from infection, since parasitic burden rises along time. This marked difference in gene expression between infected and control mice disappears during intermediate stages of infection, probably related to the strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppresory signals that are activated early upon infection (Ctla4) or remain activated throughout the experiment (Il18bp). The overexpression of these Th1/M1 markers is restored later in the chronic phase (8 wpi), suggesting the generation of a classical "protective response" against leishmaniasis. Nonetheless, the parasitic burden rockets at this timepoint. This apparent contradiction can be explained by the generation of a regulatory immune response characterized by overexpression of Ifng, Tnfa, Il10, and downregulation Il4 that counteracts the Th1/M1 response. This large pool of data was also used to identify potential biomarkers of infection and parasitic burden in spleen, on the bases of two different regression models. Given the results, gene expression signature analysis appears as a useful tool to identify mechanisms involved in disease outcome and to establish a rational approach for the identification of potential biomarkers useful for monitoring disease progression, new therapies or vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ontoria
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Yasmina E. Hernández-Santana
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana C. González-García
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel C. López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Basilio Valladares
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Emma Carmelo
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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46
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Homoharringtonine induced immune alteration for an Efficient Anti-tumor Response in Mouse Models of Non-small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma Expressing Kras Mutation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8216. [PMID: 29844447 PMCID: PMC5974086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homoharringtonine (HHT), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, has been used to treat leukemia. Its therapeutic effects on non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma carrying KRAS mutation and their immune system are less understood. The present study examined the therapeutic efficacy and the immune effects of HHT in two murine lung tumor models, xenograft and transgenic, carrying the Kras mutation G12D and G12C respectively. HHT exhibited efficient anticancer activity, significantly suppressing lung tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. The levels of 22 cytokines and chemokines in splenocytes of tumor-bearing mice were examined. Interleukin-12 expression was lower in splenocytes of HHT-treated mice when compared to the controls as demonstrated by a cytokine array and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of CD80, CD86, and CD69 in B220+ B cells from splenocytes of HHT-treated mice were higher than that of control mice in two mouse tumor models. Furthermore, antitumor effect of HHT was attenuated with depletion of B cells. Increased numbers of CD80+ and CD86+ B cells were observed in the mice treated with narciclasine, another translation inhibitor. In conclusion, HHT changed the features of immune cells, and exhibited efficient anti-tumor activity against lung tumor carrying mutant Kras expression.
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47
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Uribe-Herranz M, Bittinger K, Rafail S, Guedan S, Pierini S, Tanes C, Ganetsky A, Morgan MA, Gill S, Tanyi JL, Bushman FD, June CH, Facciabene A. Gut microbiota modulates adoptive cell therapy via CD8α dendritic cells and IL-12. JCI Insight 2018; 3:94952. [PMID: 29467322 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a promising new modality for malignancies. Here, we report that adoptive T cell efficacy in tumor-bearing mice is significantly affected by differences in the native composition of the gut microbiome or treatment with antibiotics, or by heterologous fecal transfer. Depletion of bacteria with vancomycin decreased the rate of tumor growth in mice from The Jackson Laboratory receiving ACT, whereas treatment with neomycin and metronidazole had no effect, indicating the role of specific bacteria in host response. Vancomycin treatment induced an increase in systemic CD8α+ DCs, which sustained systemic adoptively transferred antitumor T cells in an IL-12-dependent manner. In subjects undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, we found that oral vancomycin also increased IL-12 levels. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an important role played by the gut microbiota in the antitumor effectiveness of ACT and suggest potentially new avenues to improve response to ACT by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sonia Guedan
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Stefano Pierini
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ceylan Tanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Saar Gill
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tumor growth suppressive effect of IL-4 through p21-mediated activation of STAT6 in IL-4Rα overexpressed melanoma models. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23425-38. [PMID: 26993600 PMCID: PMC5029637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the significance of interleukin 4 (IL-4) in tumor development, we compared B16F10 melanoma growth in IL-4-overespressing transgenic mice (IL-4 mice) and non-transgenic mice. In IL-4 mice, reduced tumor volume and weight were observed when compared with those of non-transgenic mice. Significant activation of DNA binding activity of STAT6, phosphorylation of STAT6 as well as IL-4, IL-4Rα and p21 expression were found in the tumor tissues of IL-4 mice compared to non-transgenic mice. Higher expression of IL-4, STAT6 and p21 in human melanoma tissue compared to normal human skin tissue was also found. Higher expression of apoptotic protein such as cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-9, Bax, p53 and p21, but lower expression levels of survival protein such as Bcl-2 were found in the tumor of IL-4 mice. In vitro study, we found that overexpression of IL-4 significantly inhibited SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell and B16F10 murine melanoma cell growth via p21-mediated activation of STAT6 pathway as well as increased expression of apoptotic cell death proteins. Moreover, p21 knockdown with siRNA abolished IL-4 induced activation of STAT6 and expression of p53 and p21 accompanied with reduced IL-4 expression as well as melanoma cell growth inhibition. Therefore, these results showed that IL-4 overexpression suppressed tumor development through p21-mediated activation of STAT6 pathways in melanoma models.
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49
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Zhao Y, Shen L, Huang X, He Y, Fu J, Qian Y, Li S, Zhao N, Shen L. Prognostic analysis of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma following intensity modulated radiation therapy. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:4445-4450. [PMID: 29552107 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study retrospectively analyzed the prognostic factors of 135 patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who received intensity modulated radiation therapy between August 2008 and January 2012 at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Patients were staged from III-IVA according to the 7th American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. Using Statistical Analysis System 9.3 software, the present study demonstrated that, among these 135 patients, the 5-year overall survival, the 5-year local relapse-free survival, and the 5-year disease metastasis-free survival were 84, 82, and 78%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that targeted treatment [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 2.642 (1.001, 6.972); P=0.0497] served as an independent negative prognostic factor in locally advanced NPC. The results of immunostaining revealed that the staining intensity of the radiation-resistant group was increased compared with that of the radiation-sensitive group. These results demonstrate that a high expression of EGFR may be associated with radiation resistance, and targeted treatment may not be effective in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with low expression of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xinqiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Qian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hospital Management Consulting Center, National Institute of Hospital Administration, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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50
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Ziblat A, Nuñez SY, Raffo Iraolagoitia XL, Spallanzani RG, Torres NI, Sierra JM, Secchiari F, Domaica CI, Fuertes MB, Zwirner NW. Interleukin (IL)-23 Stimulates IFN-γ Secretion by CD56 bright Natural Killer Cells and Enhances IL-18-Driven Dendritic Cells Activation. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1959. [PMID: 29403472 PMCID: PMC5785728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-23 is a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines that, as the other members of this family, is secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC) upon recognition of bacterial, viral, and fungal components. IL-23 is critical during immunity against acute infections, and it is also involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Although immunoregulatory effects of IL-23 on mouse natural killer (NK) cells have been described, the effect of IL-23 on human NK cells remains ill-defined. In this study, we observed that monocytes stimulated with LPS secreted IL-23 and that blockade of this cytokine during monocyte and NK cell coculture led to a diminished production of IFN-γ by NK cells. Accordingly, rIL-23-induced NK cell activation and stimulated IFN-γ production by CD56bright NK cells. This effect involved MEK1/MEK2, JNK, PI3K, mammalian target of rapamycin, and NF-κB, but not STAT-1, STAT-3, nor p38 MAPK pathways. Moreover, while NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity remained unaltered, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was enhanced after IL-23 stimulation. In addition, IL-23 displayed a synergistic effect with IL-18 for IFN-γ production by both CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, and this effect was due to a priming effect of IL-23 for IL-18 responsiveness. Furthermore, NK cells pre-stimulated with IL-18 promoted an increase in CD86 expression and IL-12 secretion by DC treated with LPS, and IL-23 potentiated these effects. Moreover, IL-23-driven enhancement of NK cell “helper” function was dependent on NK cell-derived IFN-γ. Therefore, our results suggest that IL-23 may trigger NK cell-mediated “helper” effects on adaptive immunity, shaping T cell responses during different pathological situations through the regulation of DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ziblat
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Y Nuñez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena Lucía Raffo Iraolagoitia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl German Spallanzani
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás I Torres
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jessica M Sierra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Secchiari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina I Domaica
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes B Fuertes
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto W Zwirner
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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