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Wang S, Zhang W, Wu X, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Liu W, Xu J, Chen L, Zhuang C. Comprehensive analysis of T-cell regulatory factors and tumor immune microenvironment in stomach adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:570. [PMID: 38714987 PMCID: PMC11077837 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the specific biomarkers used to predict the postoperative prognosis of patients with gastric cancer remain unknown. Recent research has shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME) has an increasingly positive effect on anti-tumor activity. This study aims to build signatures to study the effect of certain genes on gastric cancer. METHODS Expression profiles of 37 T cell-related genes and their TME characteristics were comprehensively analyzed. A risk signature was constructed and validated based on the screened T cell-related genes, and the roles of hub genes in GC were experimentally validated. RESULTS A novel T cell-related gene signature was constructed based on CD5, ABCA8, SERPINE2, ESM1, SERPINA5, and NMU. The high-risk group indicated lower overall survival (OS), poorer immune efficacy, and higher drug resistance, with SERPINE2 promoting GC cell proliferation, according to experiments. SERPINE2 and CXCL12 were significantly correlated, indicating poor OS via the Youjiang cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study identified T cell-related genes in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) for prognosis estimation and proposed potential immunotherapeutic targets for STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinrui Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuanbiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Junnfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Department of Nursing, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Chun Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Abudurousuli K, Talihati Z, Hailati S, Han MY, Nuer M, Khan N, Maihemuti N, Dilimulati D, Nueraihemaiti N, Simayi J, Zhou W. Investigation of target genes and potential mechanisms related to compound Xiao-ai-fei honey ointment based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34629. [PMID: 37565919 PMCID: PMC10419591 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound Xiao-ai-fei honey ointment (CXHO) is an anticancer preparation with a long history in Uyghur folk medicine in China and has been used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) in Xinjiang, China. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its anticancer effect remains to be investigated. METHODS Bioactive ingredients of CXHO were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database. Target genes of ingredients were acquired via the PubChem and Swiss target prediction database. Gene expression profiling of GC was obtained from GSE54129 in the GEO database and analyzed using the limma package in R. The hub genes associated with CXHO in GC were validated using the TIMER2.0 database, GEPIA2 database and Auto Dock tools. The effect of CXHO on migration of GC cells was detected by Transwell chamber assay and Wound healing assay. The effect of CXHO on expression levels of MMP2/MMP9 and NF-κb, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS Forty-five bioactive ingredients and their 819 related genes were found. A total of 462 differentially expressed genes were identified between GC patients and healthy controls. Seventeen common target genes were identified as hub genes CXHO against GC. Among them, MMP2 and MMP9 were significantly associated with tumor immune infiltrates and had good binding affinity with effective ingredients. Moreover, we validated the mRNA and protein expression levels and prognostic value of MMP2 and MMP9 by different databases. In addition, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology analyses showed that the 17 common target genes were mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and cancer-related pathways. Experimental results showed that CXHO inhibited migration of GC cells and down regulated the expression levels of MMP2/MMP9, NF-κb. In addition, CXHO can inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION We identified and experimental validated 2 pivotal target genes of CXHO against GC and preliminarily analyzed the potential mechanisms by which CXHO inhibits the development of GC. All these findings support CXHO as a promising drug for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayisaier Abudurousuli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ziruo Talihati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Sendaer Hailati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yuan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Muhadaisi Nuer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Nawaz Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Nulibiya Maihemuti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Dilihuma Dilimulati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Jimilihan Simayi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
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Peraza DA, Povo-Retana A, Mojena M, García-Redondo AB, Avilés P, Boscá L, Valenzuela C. Trabectedin modulates macrophage polarization in the tumor-microenvironment. Role of K V1.3 and K V1.5 channels. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114548. [PMID: 36940615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells have an important role in the tumor-microenvironment. Macrophages may tune the immune response toward inflammatory or tolerance pathways. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have a string of immunosuppressive functions and they are considered a therapeutic target in cancer. This study aimed to analyze the effects of trabectedin, an antitumor agent, on the tumor-microenvironment through the characterization of the electrophysiological and molecular phenotype of macrophages. Experiments were performed using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique in resident peritoneal mouse macrophages. Trabectedin does not directly interact with KV1.5 and KV1.3 channels, but their treatment (16 h) with sub-cytotoxic concentrations of trabectedin increased their KV current due to an upregulation of KV1.3 channels. In vitro generated TAM (TAMiv) exhibited an M2-like phenotype. TAMiv generated a small KV current and express high levels of M2 markers. K+ current from TAMs isolated from tumors generated in mice is a mixture of KV and KCa, and in TAM isolated from tumors generated in trabectedin-treated mice, the current is mostly driven by KCa. We conclude that the antitumor capacity of trabectedin is not only due to its effects on tumor cells, but also to the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, due, at least in part, to the modulation of the expression of different macrophage ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Peraza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adrián Povo-Retana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mojena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Avilés
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología Preclínica, PharmaMar S.A., 28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Padinharayil H, Alappat RR, Joy LM, Anilkumar KV, Wilson CM, George A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A, Madhyastha H, Ramesh T, Sathiyamoorthi E, Lee J, Ganesan R. Advances in the Lung Cancer Immunotherapy Approaches. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1963. [PMID: 36423060 PMCID: PMC9693102 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in the comprehension of LC progression, risk, immunologic control, and treatment choices, it is still the primary cause of cancer-related death. LC cells possess a very low and heterogeneous antigenicity, which allows them to passively evade the anticancer defense of the immune system by educating cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), regulatory T cells (Treg), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Though ICIs are an important candidate in first-line therapy, consolidation therapy, adjuvant therapy, and other combination therapies involving traditional therapies, the need for new predictive immunotherapy biomarkers remains. Furthermore, ICI-induced resistance after an initial response makes it vital to seek and exploit new targets to benefit greatly from immunotherapy. As ICIs, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) are not ideal LC predictive markers, a multi-parameter analysis of the immune system considering tumor, stroma, and beyond can be the future-oriented predictive marker. The optimal patient selection with a proper adjuvant agent in immunotherapy approaches needs to be still revised. Here, we summarize advances in LC immunotherapy approaches with their clinical and preclinical trials considering cancer models and vaccines and the potential of employing immunology to predict immunotherapy effectiveness in cancer patients and address the viewpoints on future directions. We conclude that the field of lung cancer therapeutics can benefit from the use of combination strategies but with comprehension of their limitations and improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Reema Rose Alappat
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Liji Maria Joy
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Kavya V. Anilkumar
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Cornelia M. Wilson
- Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Sandwich CT13 9ND, UK
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Propolis and Its Polyphenolic Compounds against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810479. [PMID: 36142391 PMCID: PMC9499605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in natural products such as alternative sources of pharmaceuticals for numerous chronic diseases, including tumors, has been renewed. Propolis, a natural product collected by honeybees, and polyphenolic/flavonoid propolis-related components modulate all steps of the cancer progression process. Anticancer activity of propolis and its compounds relies on various mechanisms: cell-cycle arrest and attenuation of cancer cells proliferation, reduction in the number of cancer stem cells, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oncogene signaling pathways, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, prevention of metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects accompanied by the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (by modifying macrophage activation and polarization), epigenetic regulation, antiviral and bactericidal activities, modulation of gut microbiota, and attenuation of chemotherapy-induced deleterious side effects. Ingredients from propolis also "sensitize" cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, likely by blocking the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge related to the the effects of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds from propolis on tumor growth and metastasizing ability, and discuss possible molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the modulation of inflammatory pathways and cellular processes that affect survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor.
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Hydrochloride Berberine ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating inflammation and lipid metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tsai CF, Chen GW, Chen YC, Shen CK, Lu DY, Yang LY, Chen JH, Yeh WL. Regulatory Effects of Quercetin on M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and Oxidative/Antioxidative Balance. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010067. [PMID: 35010945 PMCID: PMC8746507 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays essential and diverse roles in most diseases, such as atherosclerosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Homeostasis dysfunction in M1/M2 macrophage polarization causes pathological conditions and inflammation. Neuroinflammation is characterized by microglial activation and the concomitant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to numerous neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Decreased neuroinflammation can be obtained by using natural compounds, including flavonoids, which are known to ameliorate inflammatory responses. Among flavonoids, quercetin possesses multiple pharmacological applications and regulates several biological activities. In the present study, we found that quercetin effectively inhibited the expression of lipocalin-2 in both macrophages and microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The production of nitric oxide (NO) and expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, were also attenuated by quercetin treatment. Our results also showed that quercetin significantly reduced the expression levels of the M1 markers, such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β, in the macrophages and microglia. The M1 polarization-associated chemokines, C–C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-2 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-10, were also effectively reduced by the quercetin treatment. In addition, quercetin markedly reduced the production of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the microglia. The microglial phagocytic ability induced by the LPS was also effectively reduced by the quercetin treatment. Importantly, the quercetin increased the expression levels of the M2 marker, IL-10, and the endogenous antioxidants, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). The enhancement of the M2 markers and endogenous antioxidants by quercetin was activated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt signaling pathways. Together, our study reported that the quercetin inhibited the effects of M1 polarization, including neuroinflammatory responses, ROS production, and phagocytosis. Moreover, the quercetin enhanced the M2 macrophage polarization and endogenous antioxidant expression in both macrophages and microglia. Our findings provide valuable information that quercetin may act as a potential drug for the treatment of diseases related to inflammatory disorders in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (W.-L.Y.)
| | - Guan-Wei Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology R&D Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.T.); (W.-L.Y.)
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Bioinformatic Analysis of Prognostic and Immune-Related Genes in Pancreatic Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5549298. [PMID: 34394706 PMCID: PMC8355962 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5549298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis. The poor effect of surgery and chemotherapy makes the research of immunotherapy target molecules significant. Therefore, identifying the new molecular targets of PC is important for patients. In our study, we systematically analyzed molecular correlates of pancreatic cancer by bioinformatic analysis. We characterized differentially expressed analysis based on the TCGA pancreatic cancer dataset. Then, univariate Cox regression was employed to screen out overall survival- (OS-) related DEGs. Based on these genes, we established a risk signature by the multivariate Cox regression model. The ICGC cohort and GSE62452 cohort were used to validate the reliability of the risk signature. The impact of T lymphocyte-related genes from risk signature was confirmed in PC. Here, we observed the correlation between the T lymphocyte-related genes and the expression level of targeted therapy. We established a five-mRNA (LY6D, ANLN, ZNF488, MYEOV, and SCN11A) prognostic risk signature. Next, we identified ANLN and MYEOV that were associated with T lymphocyte infiltrations (P < 0.05). High ANLN and MYEOV expression levels had a poorer prognosis in decreased T lymphocyte subgroup in PC. Correlation analysis between ANLN and MYEOV and immunomodulators showed that ANLN and MYEOV may have potential value in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Woo JH, Jang DS, Choi JH. Luteolin Promotes Apoptosis of Endometriotic Cells and Inhibits the Alternative Activation of Endometriosis-Associated Macrophages. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:678-684. [PMID: 34011694 PMCID: PMC8551737 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid present in several fruits, vegetables, nuts, and herbs reportedly exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of luteolin on endometriosis, a painful condition characterized by the ectopic growth of endometrial tissue and pelvic inflammation, remains elusive. Herein, we observed that luteolin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of 12Z human endometriotic cells by activating caspase-3, -8, and -9. Additionally, luteolin significantly inhibited the expression of key chemokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL5, required for monocyte/macrophage influx at endometriotic sites. In macrophages stimulated by endometriotic cells, luteolin treatment suppressed the intracellular expression of M2 markers and endometriosis-promoting factors. Collectively, our data suggest that luteolin exerts anti-endometriotic effects by stimulating endometriotic cell apoptosis and hindering the alternative activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Pezzuto F, Lunardi F, Vedovelli L, Fortarezza F, Urso L, Grosso F, Ceresoli GL, Kern I, Vlacic G, Faccioli E, Schiavon M, Gregori D, Rea F, Pasello G, Calabrese F. P14/ARF-Positive Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Phenotype With Distinct Immune Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653497. [PMID: 33828993 PMCID: PMC8019896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The CDKN2A gene plays a central role in the pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The gene encodes for two tumor suppressor proteins, p16/INK4A and p14/ARF, frequently lost in MPM tumors. The exact role of p14/ARF in MPM and overall its correlation with the immune microenvironment is unknown. We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between p14/ARF expression, tumor morphological features, and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. METHODS Diagnostic biopsies from 76 chemo-naive MPMs were evaluated. Pathological assessments of histotype, necrosis, inflammation, grading, and mitosis were performed. We evaluated p14/ARF, PD-L1 (tumor proportion score, TPS), and Ki-67 (percentage) by immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory cell components (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes; CD20+ B-lymphocytes; CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages) were quantified as percentages of positive cells, distinguishing between intratumoral and peritumoral areas. The expression of p14/ARF was associated with several clinical and pathological characteristics. A random forest-based machine-learning algorithm (Boruta) was implemented to identify which variables were associated with p14/ARF expression. RESULTS p14/ARF was evaluated in 68 patients who had a sufficient number of tumor cells. Strong positivity was detected in 14 patients (21%) (11 epithelioid and 3 biphasic MPMs). At univariate analysis, p14/ARF-positive epithelioid mesotheliomas showed higher nuclear grade (G3) (p = 0.023) and higher PD-L1 expression (≥50%) (p = 0.042). The percentages of CD4 and CD163 in peritumoral areas were respectively higher and lower in p14/ARF positive tumors but did not reach statistical significance with our sample size (both p = 0.066). The Boruta algorithm confirmed the predictive value of PD-L1 percentage for p14/ARF expression in all histotypes. CONCLUSIONS p14/ARF-positive epithelioid mesotheliomas may mark a more aggressive pathological phenotype (higher nuclear grade and PD-L1 expression). Considering the results regarding the tumor immune microenvironment, p14/ARF-negative tumors seem to have an immune microenvironment less sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, being associated with low PD-L1 and CD4 expression, and high CD163 percentage. The association between p14/ARF-positive MPMs and PD-L1 expression suggests a possible interaction of the two pathways. Confirmation of our preliminary results could be important for patient selection and recruitment in future clinical trials with anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pezzuto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Vedovelli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Fortarezza
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Grosso
- Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Mesothelioma and Rare Cancer Unit, Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Izidor Kern
- Pathology Laboratory, University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Vlacic
- Pathology Laboratory, University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Eleonora Faccioli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Prognostic significance and targeting tumor-associated macrophages in cancer: new insights and future perspectives. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:539-555. [PMID: 33661479 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic sentinel cells of the immune system that are central to both innate and adaptive immune responses and serve as the first line of defense against pathogenic insults to tissues. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-derived factors induce monocyte polarization towards a pro-tumor phenotype. The pro-tumor macrophages regulate key steps in tumorigenicity including tumor growth, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis. Macrophage infiltration in solid tumors correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in most cancers. Here in this review, we will shed light on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in regulating tumorigenicity and TAMs as a prognostic biomarker. Also, we will review the recent advances in targeting TAMs to increase the prognosis of cancer patients.
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12
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Jamali N, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Zal F, Kasraeian M, Poordast T, Nejabat N. Antioxidant ameliorative effect of caffeic acid on the ectopic endometrial cells separated from patients with endometriosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:216-220. [PMID: 33678318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considering the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of endometriosis, the ameliorative effect of caffeic acid treatment on ectopic, eutopic endometrial cells enzyme activities was investigated. We also determined the underlying cellular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ectopic endometrial specimens were collected from women with confirmed cases of endometriosis (n = 10) and eutopic specimens from (n = 10) controls. Following endometrial cell isolation and culture, eutopic and ectopic endometrial cells were treated with caffeic acid. Then, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) enzyme activities, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) gene expression were measured. RESULTS In ectopic endometrial cells, caffeic acid caused a significant elevation in Nrf-2 gene expression level, NQO1, and HO-1 enzyme activities. In addition, reduced ROS level was observed in caffeic acid-treated ectopic endometrial cells in comparison with the control. On the contrary, we did not observe any significant changes in caffeic acid-treated eutopic endometrial ones. CONCLUSION Caffeic acid can protect the endometrial cells against oxidative stress and might be able to prevent the progression of endometriosis and its related complications, such as pain and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Jamali
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kasraeian
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of OB/GYN, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Poordast
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of OB/GYN, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Nejabat
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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The potential role of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in gastric cancer: a nationwide matched cohort study. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:292-301. [PMID: 33130973 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research is to explore the association between nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) and subsequent gastric cancer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study by analyzing hospitalization dataset from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Patients aged 20 years and older with NTS (n = 9 097) admitted between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012, were enrolled and followed up until December 31, 2013. The primary outcome was the incidence of gastric cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the risk of malignancy, accounting for the competing risk of death. In addition, we conducted a sensitivity analysis by propensity score matching and exclusion of malignancy within 1 year observation to minimize measurable confounding and protopathic bias. Negative controls were applied to examine the presence of possible unmeasured confounders in the study. RESULTS The study included 18 194 patients (9097 in each NTS and non-NTS group). The median follow-up time was 7 years. The incidence density rate of gastric cancer was 0.72 per 1000 person-years for the NTS group and 0.40 per 1000 person-years for the non-NTS group. The NTS group had a modestly higher risk of gastric cancer (aHR, 2.02; 95% CI 1.18-3.45) than the non-NTS group. The sensitivity analyses revealed consistent results. CONCLUSIONS Patients with NTS are associated with increased risk of subsequent gastric cancer compared with non-NTS patients. Future research is needed to examine whether NTS is parallel, reactive or causative to gastric cancer.
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14
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Tubin S, Khan MK, Gupta S, Jeremic B. Biology of NSCLC: Interplay between Cancer Cells, Radiation and Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:775. [PMID: 33673332 PMCID: PMC7918834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall prognosis and survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remain poor. The immune system plays an integral role in driving tumor control, tumor progression, and overall survival of NSCLC patients. While the tumor cells possess many ways to escape the immune system, conventional radiotherapy (RT) approaches, which are directly cytotoxic to tumors, can further add additional immune suppression to the tumor microenvironment by destroying many of the lymphocytes that circulate within the irradiated tumor environment. Thus, the current immunogenic balance, determined by the tumor- and radiation-inhibitory effects is significantly shifted towards immunosuppression, leading to poor clinical outcomes. However, newer emerging evidence suggests that tumor immunosuppression is an "elastic process" that can be manipulated and converted back into an immunostimulant environment that can actually improve patient outcome. In this review we will discuss the natural immunosuppressive effects of NSCLC cells and conventional RT approaches, and then shift the focus on immunomodulation through novel, emerging immuno- and RT approaches that promise to generate immunostimulatory effects to enhance tumor control and patient outcome. We further describe some of the mechanisms by which these newer approaches are thought to be working and set the stage for future trials and additional preclinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavisa Tubin
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Marie Curie-Straße 5, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Mohammad K. Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Seema Gupta
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Branislav Jeremic
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, 13 Tevdore Mgdveli, Tbilisi 0112, Georgia;
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The ARF tumor suppressor targets PPM1G/PP2Cγ to counteract NF-κB transcription tuning cell survival and the inflammatory response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32594-32605. [PMID: 33288725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004470117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible transcriptional programs mediate the regulation of key biological processes and organismal functions. Despite their complexity, cells have evolved mechanisms to precisely control gene programs in response to environmental cues to regulate cell fate and maintain normal homeostasis. Upon stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), the master transcriptional regulator nuclear factor (NF)-κB utilizes the PPM1G/PP2Cγ phosphatase as a coactivator to normally induce inflammatory and cell survival programs. However, how PPM1G activity is precisely regulated to control NF-κB transcription magnitude and kinetics remains unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism by which the ARF tumor suppressor binds PPM1G to negatively regulate its coactivator function in the NF-κB circuit thereby promoting insult resolution. ARF becomes stabilized upon binding to PPM1G and forms a ternary protein complex with PPM1G and NF-κB at target gene promoters in a stimuli-dependent manner to provide tunable control of the NF-κB transcriptional program. Consistently, loss of ARF in colon epithelial cells leads to up-regulation of NF-κB antiapoptotic genes upon TNF stimulation and renders cells partially resistant to TNF-induced apoptosis in the presence of agents blocking the antiapoptotic program. Notably, patient tumor data analysis validates these findings by revealing that loss of ARF strongly correlates with sustained expression of inflammatory and cell survival programs. Collectively, we propose that PPM1G emerges as a therapeutic target in a variety of cancers arising from ARF epigenetic silencing, to loss of ARF function, as well as tumors bearing oncogenic NF-κB activation.
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Osman A, Oze M, Afify SM, Hassan G, EL-Ghlban S, Nawara HM, Fu X, Zahra MH, Seno A, Winer I, Salomon DS, Seno M. Tumor-associated macrophages derived from cancer stem cells. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151628. [PMID: 32992123 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the microenvironment of solid tumors. The present study displayed histological and immunohistochemical analyses of a malignant tumor model developed from cancer stem cells (CSCs) converted from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in a cancer microenvironment prepared from the conditioned medium (CM) of a pancreatic cancer cell line. We focused on the localization and the origin of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), To the best of our knowledge this may be the first study to suggest the potential differentiation of CSCs to TAMs. hiPSCs were converted into CSCs in the presence of CM from PK8 cells. CSCs were then transplanted in vivo and formed primary tumors. Primary cultures for these tumors were serially transplanted again to obtain secondary tumors. Secondary tumors exhibited histopathological features of malignancy. Cells derived from tumors maintained the expression of endogenous stemness markers and pancreatic CSCs markers. Simultaneously, high immunoreactivity to anti-mouse CD68, anti-human CD68, CD206 and CD11b antibodies were detected revealing that the tumor tissue derived from CSCs was enriched for macrophages which can originate from both human and mouse cells. The model of CSCs highlighted the possibility of CSCs to differentiate into TAMs.
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Lee J, Lee J, Lee S, Ahmad T, Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Kim EM, Lee SW, Shin H. Bioactive Membrane Immobilized with Lactoferrin for Modulation of Bone Regeneration and Inflammation. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1243-1258. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinki Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajeesh Kumar Madhurakkat Perikamana
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Saleh NA, Rode MP, Sierra JA, Silva AH, Miyake JA, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Three-dimensional multicellular cell culture for anti-melanoma drug screening: focus on tumor microenvironment. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:35-48. [PMID: 33505112 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The development of new treatments for malignant melanoma, which has the worst prognosis among skin neoplasms, remains a challenge. The tumor microenvironment aids tumor cells to grow and resist to chemotherapeutic treatment. One way to mimic and study the tumor microenvironment is by using three-dimensional (3D) co-culture models (spheroids). In this study, a melanoma heterospheroid model composed of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages was produced by liquid-overlay technique using the agarose gel. The size, growth, viability, morphology, cancer stem-like cells population and inflammatory profile of tumor heterospheroids and monospheroids were analyzed to evaluate the influence of stromal cells on these parameters. Furthermore, dacarbazine cytotoxicity was evaluated using spheroids and two-dimensional (2D) melanoma model. After finishing the experiments, it was observed the M2 macrophages induced an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in heterospheroids; fibroblasts cells support the formation of the extracellular matrix, and a higher percentage of melanoma CD271 was observed in this model. Additionally, melanoma spheroids responded differently to the dacarbazine than the 2D melanoma culture as a result of their cellular heterogeneity and 3D structure. The 3D model was shown to be a fast and reliable tool for drug screening, which can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment regarding interactions and complexity. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Adel Saleh
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Michele Patrícia Rode
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | | | - Adny Henrique Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Juliano Andreoli Miyake
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, GEIMM-Grupo de Estudos de Interações entre Micro e Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, S/N Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco H - 3° andar, sala H302-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina CEP: 88040-900 Brazil
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Comiran PK, Ribeiro MC, Silva JHG, Martins KO, Santos IA, Chiaradia AEF, Silva AZ, Dekker RFH, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Alegranci P, Queiroz EAIF. Botryosphaeran Attenuates Tumor Development and the Cancer Cachexia Syndrome in Walker-256 Tumor-Bearing Obese Rats and Improves the Metabolic and Hematological Profiles of These Rats. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1175-1192. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1789681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia K. Comiran
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Ribeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - John H. G. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Kamila O. Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Izabella A. Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ana Emilia F. Chiaradia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Amadeu Z. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Pâmela Alegranci
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Eveline A. I. F. Queiroz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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20
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Park JW, Kim OH, Lee SC, Kim KH, Hong HE, Seo H, Choi HJ, Kim SJ. Serum level of visfatin can reflect the severity of inflammation in patients with acute cholecystitis. Ann Surg Treat Res 2020; 99:26-36. [PMID: 32676479 PMCID: PMC7332317 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2020.99.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Visfatin is a key cytokine released from the pe ripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as adipose tissue, and it is involved in immune response as well as inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether the serum visfatin level could be a prognostic factor for predicting the severity of inflammation in patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods We examined the blood samples and gallbladder specimens from patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for either acute (n = 18) or chronic cholecystitis (n = 18). We determined the visfatin levels of these samples using various procedures such as real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results The patients with acute cholecystitis exhibited higher mRNA expression of visfatin in PBMCs, higher serum levels of visfatin, and increased protein expression of visfatin in the gallbladder specimens than in patients with chronic cholecystitis. In the in vitro model of acute cholecystitis, the mRNA expression of visfatin showed the fastest increase among the other pro-inflammatory mediators studied, including interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, and ascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Inhibition of visfatin using siRNA abrogated the inhibitory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of ABCG1 in GBECs, suggesting that visfatin is significantly involved in the LPS-driven suppression of ABCG1. Conclusion Taken together, we concluded that visfatin is a pro-inflammatory mediators that is upregulated during acute cholecystitis and is expected to be increased within a short time after inflammation. Therefore, measuring the serum level of visfatin would be helpful in predicting the inflammatory severity in the patients with acute cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeyeon Seo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Neuropilin1 Expression Acts as a Prognostic Marker in Stomach Adenocarcinoma by Predicting the Infiltration of Treg Cells and M2 Macrophages. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051430. [PMID: 32408477 PMCID: PMC7290937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin1 (NRP1) plays a critical role in tumor progression and immune responses. Although the roles of NRP1 in various tumors have been investigated, the clinical relevance of NRP1 expression in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has not been studied. To investigate the use of NRP1 as a prognostic biomarker of STAD, we analyzed NRP1 mRNA expression and its correlation with patient survival and immune cell infiltration using various databases. NRP1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in STAD than normal tissues, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that NRP1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with STAD. To elucidate the related mechanism, we analyzed the correlation between NRP1 expression and immune cell infiltration level. In particular, the infiltration of immune-suppressive cells, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells and M2 macrophage, was significantly increased by NRP1 expression. In addition, the expression of interleukin (IL)-35, IL-10, and TGF-β1 was also positively correlated with NRP1 expression, resulting in the immune suppression. Collectively in this study, our integrated analysis using various clinical databases shows that the significant correlation between NRP1 expression and the infiltration of Treg cells and M2 macrophage explains poor prognosis mechanism in STAD, suggesting the clinical relevance of NRP1 expression as a prognostic biomarker for STAD patients.
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He J, Yin P, Xu K. Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Tumor Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:907-919. [PMID: 32184560 PMCID: PMC7053810 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s223646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used as a significant cancer treatment method for many years in China. It has been demonstrated that TCM could assist in inhibiting the growth of tumors and prolonging the survival rates of cancer patients. Although the mechanism of TCM are still not clear, accumulating evidence has shown that they may be related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a significant role in TME and are polarized to two phenotypes, M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) TAMs. The two different phenotypes of TAMs play converse roles in the TME and M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) always lead to poor prognosis in cancer patients compared to M1-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M1-TAMs). In this review, the potential correlation between TCM and TAMs (especially the M2 phenotype) in tumor progression and promising TCM strategies targeting TAMs in cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peihao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medicine University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medicine University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Dolmatova LS, Ulanova OA, Timchenko NF. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Thermostable Toxin Dysregulates the Functional Activity of Two Types of Phagocytes in the Holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Räihä MR, Puolakkainen PA. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as biomarkers for gastric cancer: A review. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2018; 4:156-163. [PMID: 30276362 PMCID: PMC6160505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with an incidence of a million new cases annually. In addition to having a high mortality rate due to often delayed detection and its poor response to cancer therapy, it also spreads aggressively. Inflammation has been shown to play a role in carcinogenesis. Consequently, macrophages are important in phagocytosis, antigen presenting and producing cytokines and growth factors. As a response to microenvironmental signals, they may polarize into tumor resisting M1 or tumor promoting M2 macrophages. Recently, studies have indicated that M2-type macrophage resembling tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) might be used as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. This review will discuss the possible use of TAMs as prognostic tools for gastric cancer and whether they are suitable for use in clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri R Räihä
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pauli A Puolakkainen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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25
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Solís-Martínez R, Cancino-Marentes M, Hernández-Flores G, Ortiz-Lazareno P, Mandujano-Álvarez G, Cruz-Gálvez C, Sierra-Díaz E, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Jave-Suárez L, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Bravo-Cuellar A. Regulation of immunophenotype modulation of monocytes-macrophages from M1 into M2 by prostate cancer cell-culture supernatant via transcription factor STAT3. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Jiménez-García L, Herranz S, Higueras MA, Luque A, Hortelano S. Tumor suppressor ARF regulates tissue microenvironment and tumor growth through modulation of macrophage polarization. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66835-66850. [PMID: 27572316 PMCID: PMC5341841 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment has been described to play a key role in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Macrophages are a major cellular constituent of the tumor stroma, and particularly tumor associated macrophages (TAMs or M2-like macrophages) exert important immunosuppressive activity and a pro-tumoral role within the tumor microenvironment. Alternative-reading frame (ARF) gene is widely inactivated in human cancer. We have previously demonstrated that ARF deficiency severely impairs inflammatory response establishing a new role for ARF in the regulation of innate immunity. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesized that ARF may also regulates tumor growth through recruitment and modulation of the macrophage phenotype in the tumor microenvironment. Xenograft assays of B16F10 melanoma cells into ARF-deficient mice resulted in increased tumor growth compared to those implanted in WT control mice. Tumors from ARF-deficient mice exhibited significantly increased number of TAMs as well as microvascular density. Transwell assays showed crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages. On the one hand, ARF-deficient macrophages modulate migratory ability of the tumor cells. And on the other, tumor cells promote the skewing of ARF-/- macrophages toward a M2-type polarization. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that ARF deficiency facilitates the infiltration of macrophages into the tumor mass and favors their polarization towards a M2 phenotype, thus promoting tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth. This work provides novel information about the critical role of ARF in the modulation of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Jiménez-García
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Herranz
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Angeles Higueras
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Luque
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Hortelano
- Unidad de Terapias Farmacológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Niccolai E, Ricci F, Russo E, Nannini G, Emmi G, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Melli F, Miloeva M, Cianchi F, Bechi P, Prisco D, Amedei A. The Different Functional Distribution of "Not Effector" T Cells (Treg/Tnull) in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1900. [PMID: 29375559 PMCID: PMC5770731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, ranking as high as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. Consistent with immunosurveillance theory, the immune system is crucial to protect the host from developing tumors, and the major players in tumoral immunity are effector T cells. Anyway, cancer cells develop strategies of immunoevasion influencing the cancer-specific lymphocyte priming, activation, and effector function. Therefore, the T cell subsets that mature during the stages of tumor growth, differently contribute to disease progression and/or regression. In our study, we analyzed the intra-tumoral and peripheral T cell subsets’ distribution in 30 patients with CRC, in order to clarify their functional role toward cancer. We found that percentage of infiltrating effector T cells decreased in cancer tissue than in healthy mucosa and that the tumor microenvironment negatively influences the cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes reactive to cancer cells. Moreover, we found that the tumor tissue was infiltrated by a large amount of “not effector” T (neT) cells with a regulatory or an anergic profile, which are unable to kill cancer cells, may be contributing to the CRC promotion. The presence of neT cells was investigated also in the peripheral blood of CRC patients, demonstrating that the peripheral T regulatory cells can inhibit the proliferation of effector T cells, confirming their immunosuppressive properties. Finally, monitoring the changes in circulating neT cells’ frequencies after the tumor removal, we confirmed the role of cancer in the modulation of immune system, in particular, in supporting a Tregs-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niccolai
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Melli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manouela Miloeva
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Bechi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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28
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Chen SC, Chang PMH, Wang HJ, Tai SK, Chu PY, Yang MH. PD-L1 expression is associated with p16 INK4A expression in non-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2259-2265. [PMID: 29434933 PMCID: PMC5776927 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 expression is critical in helping tumor cells evade the immune system. However, the level of PD-L1 expression in non-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (non-OPHNSCC) and its association with patient prognosis remains unclear. A retrospective clinicopathological analysis was performed on 106 patients with non-OPHNSCC diagnosed between 2007 and 2014. In the current study, tissue arrays from paraffin-embedded non-OPHNSCC samples obtained from patients were constructed, and PD-L1 and p16INK4A expression were determined using immunohistochemistry. Systemic inflammatory factors, including C-reactive protein, serum white blood cell, neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte counts were also analyzed. The current study demonstrated that PD-L1 was overexpressed in 32.1% (34/106) and p16INK4A in 20.8% (22/106) of patients. The expression of PD-L1 was associated with p16INK4A expression (P<0.01) but was not associated with levels of systemic inflammatory factors. Tumor stage was determined to be a significant prognostic value (stage I/II vs. III/IV, P=0.03), however, PD-L1, p16INK4A or other clinicopathological factors were not. The current study identified an association between PD-L1 and p16INK4A expression in non-OPHNSCC. This may facilitate the development of anti-PD1/PDL1 therapies to treat patients with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Chi Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Jung Wang
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shyh-Kuan Tai
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pen-Yuan Chu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Genome Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
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29
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Ahmed D, Cassol E. Role of cellular metabolism in regulating type I interferon responses: Implications for tumour immunology and treatment. Cancer Lett 2017; 409:20-29. [PMID: 28888999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are increasingly recognized for their role in regulating anti-tumour immune responses. However, chronic activation of these pathways can result in immunosuppression and has been linked to poor responses to genotoxic and radiotoxic therapies. Emerging evidence suggests energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism play an important role in regulating and fine tuning type I IFN responses. Further, dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic viral infections and autoimmune disorders. Systematic evaluation of these interrelationships in cancer models and patients may have important implications for the development of targeted IFN based anti-cancer therapeutics with minimal toxicity and limited off target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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Park HE, Kim JH, Cho NY, Lee HS, Kang GH. Intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance correlates with macrophage infiltration and CDKN2A methylation in microsatellite-unstable colorectal carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:329-336. [PMID: 28597080 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a specific species of gut microbiota, has been suggested to be enriched in the microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) molecular subtype of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). However, the clinicopathologic and molecular factors that interact with Fn in MSI-H CRCs are poorly understood. In this study, 16S ribosomal RNA gene DNA sequence of Fn was quantitatively measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in tumor DNA samples from a total of 160 surgically resected MSI-H CRC tissues. Each case was classified into one of the three categories based on the Fn DNA amount: Fn-high, Fn-low, and Fn-negative. The clinicopathologic and molecular associations of Fn in MSI-H CRCs were statistically analyzed. Among the 160 MSI-H CRC samples, 15 (9%), 92 (58%), and 53 (33%) cases were Fn-high, Fn-low, and Fn-negative, respectively. Compared with Fn-low/negative tumors, Fn-high MSI-H CRCs were significantly associated with a high density of CD68+ tumor-infiltrating macrophages (P = 0.019) and promoter CpG island hypermethylation of the CDKN2A (p16) gene (P = 0.008). There were also tendencies toward associations of Fn-high with the BRAF V600E mutation (P = 0.047) and active Crohn-like lymphoid reactions (P = 0.052) in MSI-H CRCs. However, Fn-high was not significantly associated with CD3+ T cell density, CD163+ M2 macrophage density or PD-L1 expression status. In conclusion, high amounts of intratumoral Fn are correlated with increased macrophage infiltration and CDKN2A promoter methylation in MSI-H CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam-Yun Cho
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Hoon Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Yadav R, Weng HR. EZH2 regulates spinal neuroinflammation in rats with neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2017; 349:106-117. [PMID: 28257897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in gene expression along the pain signaling pathway is a key mechanism contributing to the genesis of neuropathic pain. Accumulating studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in nociceptive process in the spinal dorsal horn. In this present study, we investigated the role of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2, in the spinal dorsal horn in the genesis of neuropathic pain in rats induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. EZH2 is a histone methyltransferase, which catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 on K27 (H3K27), resulting in gene silencing. We found that levels of EZH2 and tri-methylated H3K27 (H3K27TM) in the spinal dorsal horn were increased in rats with neuropathic pain on day 3 and day 10 post nerve injuries. EZH2 was predominantly expressed in neurons in the spinal dorsal horn under normal conditions. The number of neurons with EZH2 expression was increased after nerve injury. More strikingly, nerve injury drastically increased the number of microglia with EZH2 expression by more than sevenfold. Intrathecal injection of the EZH2 inhibitor attenuated the development and maintenance of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rats with nerve injury. Such analgesic effects were concurrently associated with the reduced levels of EZH2, H3K27TM, Iba1, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with nerve injury. Our results highly suggest that targeting the EZH2 signaling pathway could be an effective approach for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, the University of Georgia, USA
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, the University of Georgia, USA.
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32
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Muñoz-Fontela C, Mandinova A, Aaronson SA, Lee SW. Emerging roles of p53 and other tumour-suppressor genes in immune regulation. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 16:741-750. [PMID: 27667712 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-suppressor genes are indispensable for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Recently, several of these genes, including those encoding p53, PTEN, RB1 and ARF, have been implicated in immune responses and inflammatory diseases. In particular, the p53 tumour- suppressor pathway is involved in crucial aspects of tumour immunology and in homeostatic regulation of immune responses. Other studies have identified roles for p53 in various cellular processes, including metabolism and stem cell maintenance. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of p53 and other tumour-suppressor genes in tumour immunology, as well as in additional immunological settings, such as virus infection. This relatively unexplored area could yield important insights into the homeostatic control of immune cells in health and disease and facilitate the development of more effective immunotherapies. Consequently, tumour-suppressor genes are emerging as potential guardians of immune integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz-Fontela
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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33
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Williams JP, Calvi L, Chakkalakal JV, Finkelstein JN, O’Banion MK, Puzas E. Addressing the Symptoms or Fixing the Problem? Developing Countermeasures against Normal Tissue Radiation Injury. Radiat Res 2016; 186:1-16. [PMID: 27332954 PMCID: PMC4991354 DOI: 10.1667/rr14473.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Laura Calvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joe V. Chakkalakal
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacob N. Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edward Puzas
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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34
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Oxidative stress, polarization of macrophages and tumour angiogenesis: Efficacy of caffeic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:111-24. [PMID: 27378625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a process when macrophage expresses different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals and two extreme forms exist; M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages are highly microbicidal and anticancer with enhanced ability to kill and phagocytose pathogens, upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive molecular species, and present antigens; M2 macrophages and the related tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) regulate tissue remodelling and promote tissue repair and angiogenesis and can amplification of metabolic pathways that can suppress adaptive immune responses. It is demonstrated that ROS production, critical for the activation and functions of M1 macrophages, is necessary for the differentiation of M2 macrophages and TAMs, and that antioxidant therapy blocks TAMs differentiation and tumorigenesis in mouse models of cancer. In order to study how caffeic acid (CA), a natural antioxidant, affects macrophage function, polarization, angiogenesis and tumour growth we injected mice with Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells and treated them for 10 days with CA in a dose of 40 and/or 80 mg kg(-1.) Macrophage polarization was further characterized by quantifying secreted pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide and arginase 1 activity. CA may increase the cytotoxic actions of M1 macrophages and inhibit tumour growth; inhibitory activity on TAMs may be mediated through its antioxidative activity. Taken together, we conclude that the antitumour activity of CA was the result of the synergistic activities of different mechanisms by which CA acts on proliferation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation and survival. The continuous administration of CA efficiently blocked the occurrence of TAMs and markedly suppressed tumorigenesis in mouse cancer models. Targeting TAMs by antioxidants can be a potentially effective method for cancer treatment.
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35
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Mao J, Wang D, Wang Z, Tian W, Li X, Duan J, Wang Y, Yang H, You L, Cheng Y, Bian J, Chen Z, Yang Y. Combretastatin A-1 phosphate, a microtubule inhibitor, acts on both hepatocellular carcinoma cells and tumor-associated macrophages by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:134-43. [PMID: 27349166 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combretastatin A-1 phosphate (CA1P) is a microtubule polymerization inhibitor that binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. We demonstrated that CA1P has outstanding anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo. As determined by fluorescence staining and western blots (WBs), CA1P induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells with a down-regulation of Mcl-1. Additional studies indicated that CA1P induced microtubule depolymerization-mediated AKT inactivation, which resulted in GSK-3β activation, Wnt/β-Catenin pathway inhibition, and Mcl-1 down-regulation. The induction of HepG2 cell apoptosis by CA1P was prevented by a GSK-3β-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry studies on hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models showed that CA1P had activity against tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). CA1P induced TAM apoptosis in vitro through the same mechanism observed with HepG2 cells, and it eliminated TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo. In TME, the expression of TGF-β and TNF-α was also altered. The adoptive transfer of macrophages partly rescued the growth of tumor inhibited by CA1P. These findings indicate that CA1P has great potential to impact both cancer cells and the microenvironment, and our results should accelerate the application of CA1P for HCC therapy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Duowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xianjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Linjun You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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36
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Stereotactic body radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy induce different plasmatic cytokine changes in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a pilot study. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:1003-10. [PMID: 26687367 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess kinetics of plasmatic cytokines during radiation therapy (RT) for locally advanced and early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 15 early-stage NSCLC underwent to extreme hypofractionated regimen (52 Gy in 8 fractions) with stereotactic body RT (SBRT), and 13 locally advanced NSCLC underwent to radical moderated hypofractionated regimen (60 Gy in 25 fractions) with intensity modulated RT (IMRT). For patients undergoing SBRT, peripheral blood samples were collected on the first day of SBRT (TFd), the last day (TLd) and 45 days (T45d) after the end of SBRT. For patients undergoing IMRT, blood samples were collected at: TFd, 2 weeks (T2w), 4 weeks (T4w), TLd, and T45d. The following cytokines were measured: IL-1, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, EGF, FGF-2, INF-γ, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TGF-α, TNF-α, and VEGF. Cytokine levels measured in different RT time and compared. RESULTS No difference in baseline levels of cytokines was documented between patient radiation approaches (except for MIP-1α). For SBRT patients, a mean reduction of IL-10 and IL-17 plasma level was documented between TLd and TFd, respectively (p < 0.05). For IMRT patients, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) mean plasma level reduction was documented between T4w and TFd for all the following cytokines: IL-1, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-12, FGF-2, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TGF-α, TNF-α, VEGF. CONCLUSIONS SBRT and IMRT induce different plasmatic cytokine changes in NSCLC patients, supporting hypothesis that RT regimes of dose schedules and techniques have different impacts on the host immune response.
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Gao J, Wang D, Liu D, Liu M, Ge Y, Jiang M, Liu Y, Zheng D. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages and re-educates tumor-associated macrophages to an antitumor phenotype. Mol Biol Cell 2015. [PMID: 26224317 PMCID: PMC4569310 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reveals that tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α in macrophages, especially in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TRAIL re-educates TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and induces their cytotoxicity to tumor cells. This study provides new evidence for TRAIL in immune regulation of macrophages and sheds light on TRAIL-based antitumor therapy in human patients. Tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising candidate for cancer therapy, because it can induce apoptosis in various tumor cells but not in most normal cells. Although it is well known that TRAIL and its receptors are expressed in many types of normal cells, including immune cells, their immunological effects and regulatory mechanisms are still obscure. In the present study, we demonstrated that TRAIL affected the activity of NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) and the expression of its downstream proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (interleukin-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α in macrophages. TRAIL also induced microRNA-146a (miR-146a) expression in an NF-κB–dependent manner. As a result, miR-146a was involved as a negative-feedback regulator in the down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, the suppression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities by trichostatin A improved miR-146a expression due to the up-regulation of the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB at the miR-146a promoter in TRAIL-induced macrophages, suggesting that histone acetylation was involved in the suppression of miR-146a expression. Further investigation revealed that the HDAC subtype HDAC1 directly regulated the expression of miR-146a in TRAIL-stimulated macrophages. Finally, the TRAIL-sensitive human non small cell lung carcinoma cell line NCI-H460 was used to elucidate the physiological significance of TRAIL with respect to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We demonstrated that TRAIL re-educated TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and induced cytotoxic effects in the tumor cells. These data provide new evidence for TRAIL in the immune regulation of macrophages and may shed light on TRAIL-based antitumor therapy in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yehua Ge
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Minghong Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dexian Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Carnero A, Blanco-Aparicio C, Kondoh H, Lleonart ME, Martinez-Leal JF, Mondello C, Ivana Scovassi A, Bisson WH, Amedei A, Roy R, Woodrick J, Colacci A, Vaccari M, Raju J, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Salem HK, Memeo L, Forte S, Singh N, Hamid RA, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Wise JP, Wise SS, Yasaei H. Disruptive chemicals, senescence and immortality. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S19-37. [PMID: 26106138 PMCID: PMC4565607 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is thought to be a multistep process, with clonal evolution playing a central role in the process. Clonal evolution involves the repeated 'selection and succession' of rare variant cells that acquire a growth advantage over the remaining cell population through the acquisition of 'driver mutations' enabling a selective advantage in a particular micro-environment. Clonal selection is the driving force behind tumorigenesis and possesses three basic requirements: (i) effective competitive proliferation of the variant clone when compared with its neighboring cells, (ii) acquisition of an indefinite capacity for self-renewal, and (iii) establishment of sufficiently high levels of genetic and epigenetic variability to permit the emergence of rare variants. However, several questions regarding the process of clonal evolution remain. Which cellular processes initiate carcinogenesis in the first place? To what extent are environmental carcinogens responsible for the initiation of clonal evolution? What are the roles of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens in carcinogenesis? What are the underlying mechanisms responsible for chemical carcinogen-induced cellular immortality? Here, we explore the possible mechanisms of cellular immortalization, the contribution of immortalization to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms by which chemical carcinogens may contribute to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amancio Carnero
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34955923111; Fax: +34955923101;
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Experimental Therapuetics Department, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Matilde E. Lleonart
- Institut De Recerca Hospital Vall D’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - William H. Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Italy, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Hosni K. Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Roslida A. Hamid
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104, USA and
| | - Sandra S. Wise
- The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104, USA and
| | - Hemad Yasaei
- Brunel Institute of Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Health and Environment Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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Domagala-Kulawik J. The role of the immune system in non-small cell lung carcinoma and potential for therapeutic intervention. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 4:177-90. [PMID: 25870800 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.01.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over a hundred years after the first description of this disease, lung cancer represents one of the major challenges in oncology. Radical treatment cannot be introduced in more than 70% of cases and overall survival rate does not exceed 15%. The immunosurveillance of lung cancer may be effective in early oncogenesis but is inhibited in the course of developing a clinically detectable tumor. Very low and heterogonous antigenicity of lung cancer cells leads to passive escape from anti-cancer immune defense. The cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) that play a main role in the anticancer response are actively suppressed in the tumor environment and following regulatory mechanisms inhibit the recognition of tumor antigens by antigen presenting cells. The population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is augmented and the expression of transcription factor-Foxp3 is markedly increased on tumor cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). It is accomplished by M2 macrophage polarization, the activity of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and a significantly elevated concentration of cytokines: transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment. Very active suppression of immune protection is the predominant role of the programmed death 1 (PD-1)-PD-L1 pathway. The blockage of this pathway was found to be an effective treatment approach; therefore the monoclonal antibodies are being intensively investigated in lung cancer patients. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is the molecule capable of inhibiting the activation signal. The antibody anti-CTLA-4 improves CTLs function in solid tumors and lung cancer patients may benefit from use of this agent. The second way in lung cancer immunotherapy is production of anti-cancer vaccines using recognized cancer antigens: MAGE-A3, membrane associated glycoprotein (MUC-1), and EGF. It was recently shown in ongoing clinical trials that combined therapies: immune- and chemotherapy, radiotherapy or targeted therapy seem to be effective. Immunotherapy in lung cancer has an individual character-there is a need to assess the patient's immune status prior to implementation of immunomodulating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Domagala-Kulawik J, Osinska I, Hoser G. Mechanisms of immune response regulation in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 3:15-22. [PMID: 25806277 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2013.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths. As a solid tumor with low antigenicity and heterogenic phenotype lung cancer evades host immune defense. The cytotoxic anticancer effect is suppressed by a complex mechanism in tumor microenvironment. The population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a crucial role in this inhibition of immune response. Tregs are defined by presence of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) molecule. The high expression of Foxp3 was found in lung cancer cells and in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is constitutively expressed on Tregs and suppresses T cell activation. The elevated CTLA4 expression in lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer was found. Recently the antibodies blocking CTLA4 showed some clinical efficacy in patients with lung cancer. Cancer cells and immune cells release many cytokines capable to show suppressive immune effect in cancer microenvironment. The most active are transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ) and IL-10. The pleiotropic function of Th17 population is TGFβ related. The myeloid lineage of suppressor cells in lung cancer is represented by tumor associated macrophages (TAM) with phenotype of M2 macrophages and some regulatory properties with releasing amounts of IL-10 and TGFβ. The myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) control cytotoxic T cell activity in mechanisms which are highly dependent on the context of tumor environment. The mechanisms of anticancer immune response regulation need further investigation as an important target to new way of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala-Kulawik
- 1 Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 2 Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 3 Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Osinska
- 1 Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 2 Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 3 Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- 1 Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 2 Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 3 Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Végran F, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F. Th9 cells: a novel CD4 T-cell subset in the immune war against cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:475-9. [PMID: 25589348 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are key components of the immune system that shape the anticancer immune response in animal models and in humans. The biology of CD4 T cells is complex because naïve T cells can differentiate into various subpopulations with various functions. Recently, a new population called Th9 cells was described. These cells are characterized by their ability to produce IL9 and IL21. They were first described in the context of parasite infections and allergic processes. However, some reports described their presence in the tumor bed in mice and humans. Their high secretion of IL9 and IL21 in the tumor bed contributes to their anticancer functions. Indeed, these cytokines trigger the activation of dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, and CD8 T cells to mount an antitumor immune response, thus explaining the remarkable ability of Th9 cells to control tumor growth. This review summarizes the latest advances in the Th9 field in cancer and focuses on their potential role as new tool for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Végran
- INSERM, U866, Dijon, France. Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- INSERM, U866, Dijon, France. Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France. Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- INSERM, U866, Dijon, France. Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France. Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France.
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Xiao K, Zou WH, Yang Z, Rehman ZU, Ansari AR, Yuan HR, Zhou Y, Cui L, Peng KM, Song H. The role of visfatin on the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis in the spleen of LPS-treated rats. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:605-618. [PMID: 25358398 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to determine if visfatin is involved in inflammation or apoptosis induced by LPS in rat. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: saline group, LPS group, visfatin group and Visfatin + LPS co-stimulated group. Spleen samples from each group of rats were collected for study. The spleen structure was examined by histological imaging. Apoptosis was evaluated with TUNEL reaction. Caspase-3 was detected with immunohistochemistry and western blot. The apoptosis-related genes were detected by qPCR and inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. Our main findings were as follows. (1) Macrophages were markedly increased in the visfatin group compared with the saline group. This finding was confirmed when spleen samples were examined with western blot using CD68 antibody. (2) Visfatin promoted the expression of CD68 and caspase-3 in rat spleen, whereas visfatin could inhibit the expression of CD68 and activated caspase-3 in spleen of LPS-induced acute inflammation. (3) Visfatin had a pro-apoptotic effect on normal rat spleen, whereas it exerted an anti-apoptotic effect during LPS-induced lymphocytes apoptosis in rat spleen. Moreover, the effect of visfatin on cell apoptosis was mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. (4) Visfatin could modulate both the anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat spleen, such as IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. Taken together, we demonstrate that visfatin could participate in the inflammatory process in rat spleen by modulating the macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. Also, visfatin plays a dual role in the apoptosis in rat spleen, which is mediated by the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei-Hua Zou
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Abdur Rahman Ansari
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huai-Rui Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke-Mei Peng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Kotsinas A, Papanagnou P, Evangelou K, Trigas GC, Kostourou V, Townsend P, Gorgoulis VG. ARF: a versatile DNA damage response ally at the crossroads of development and tumorigenesis. Front Genet 2014; 5:236. [PMID: 25101116 PMCID: PMC4106421 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative reading frame (ARF) is a tumor suppressor protein that senses oncogenic and other stressogenic signals. It can trigger p53-dependent and -independent responses with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction being the most prominent ones. Other ARF activities, particularly p53-independent ones, that could help in understanding cancer development and provide potential therapeutic exploitation are underrated. Although ARF is generally not expressed in normal tissues, it is essential for ocular and male germ cells development. The underlying mechanism(s) in these processes, while not clearly defined, point toward a functional link between ARF, DNA damage and angiogenesis. Based on a recent study from our group demonstrating a functional interplay between ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ARF during carcinogenesis, we discuss the role of ARF at the crossroads of cancer and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Papanagnou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - George C Trigas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Vascular Adhesion Lab, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Townsend
- Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, UK ; Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, UK
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens Athens, Greece ; Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, UK ; Manchester Centre for Cellular Metabolism, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester, UK ; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
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Mia S, Warnecke A, Zhang XM, Malmström V, Harris RA. An optimized protocol for human M2 macrophages using M-CSF and IL-4/IL-10/TGF-β yields a dominant immunosuppressive phenotype. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:305-14. [PMID: 24521472 PMCID: PMC4282403 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are highly abundant circulatory effector cells and play a vital role in driving or resolving inflammatory processes depending on their activation phenotype. We investigated and compared a panel of polarization protocols of blood-derived monocytes to achieve a stable, optimal and effective regimen for in vitro induction of immunosuppressive human macrophages, evaluating their surface receptor expression, cytokine profile, scavenging function and ability to suppress T-cell proliferation. Importantly, we assessed the effect of copolarization or secondary pro-inflammatory stimulation of a primary anti-inflammatory activation phenotype. A combination of IL-4/IL-10/TGF-β yielded a relatively stable and dominant immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by higher IL-10 production and down-regulated TNF-α, IL-6, CD86, CD274 and MHC II expression. Functionally, IL-4/IL-10/TGF-β-stimulated macrophages (M2) had a potent deactivating effect on a subsequent pro-inflammatory LPS/IFNγ-activated macrophage (M1) stimulation and significantly suppressed T-cell proliferation. Monocytes derived from patients with chronic inflammatory diseases could be induced to be anti-inflammatory using this protocol. Pre-differentiation with GM-CSF or M-CSF was further demonstrated to enhance final M1/M2 activation status. Our findings indicate a robust polarization protocol for generation of specific immunosuppressive human monocyte-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mia
- Applied Immunology & Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hou YC, Chao YJ, Tung HL, Wang HC, Shan YS. Coexpression of CD44-positive/CD133-positive cancer stem cells and CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophages is a predictor of survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2014; 120:2766-77. [PMID: 24839953 PMCID: PMC4232049 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interactions between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can promote tumor progression, maintain the CSCs population, and reduce therapeutic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the coexpression of CSCs and TAMs and its clinical significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS Ninety-six patients with PDAC were included in this study. Tissue microarrays were constructed for immunostaining of the CSCs markers CD44 and CD133 and the TAMs marker CD204. Correlations between the expression of CSCs and TAMs markers and clinicopathologic characteristics or disease progression were analyzed. RESULTS Expression levels of CD44/CD133 and CD204 were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < .0001). The variables associated with survival were high coexpression of CD44/CD133 (P = .000), high expression of CD204 (P = .011), and tumor grade (P = .014). There was a positive correlation between CD44/CD133 and CD204 expression (r = 0.294; P = .004). Survival analysis indicated that high coexpression of CD44/CD133 and CD204 was associated significantly with shorter overall survival (P = .000) and disease-free survival (P = .003). Multivariate analysis revealed that high CD44/CD133 expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival, whereas high CD204 expression was an independent predictor for both overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Coexpression of CD44/CD133 and CD204 is a useful survival prediction marker for patients with PDAC. Cancer 2014;120:2766–2777. © The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. The clinical significance of pancreatic cancer stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages is explored in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The results clearly demonstrate that coexpression of 2 cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD133) and a tumor-associated macrophage marker (CD204) is a useful prognostic factor for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Reusser NM, Dalton HJ, Pradeep S, Gonzalez-Villasana V, Jennings NB, Vasquez HG, Wen Y, Rupaimoole R, Nagaraja AS, Gharpure K, Miyake T, Huang J, Hu W, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK. Clodronate inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mouse models of ovarian cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1061-7. [PMID: 24841852 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bisphosphonates have been shown to inhibit and deplete macrophages. The effects of bisphosphonates on other cell types in the tumor microenvironment have been insufficiently studied. Here, we sought to determine the effects of bisphosphonates on ovarian cancer angiogenesis and growth via their effect on the microenvironment, including macrophage, endothelial and tumor cell populations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using in vitro and in vivo models, we examined the effects of clodronate on angiogenesis and macrophage density, and the overall effect of clodronate on tumor size and metastasis. RESULTS Clodronate inhibited the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines by endothelial cells and macrophages, and decreased endothelial migration and capillary tube formation. In treated mice, clodronate significantly decreased tumor size, number of tumor nodules, number of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor capillary density. CONCLUSIONS Clodronate is a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. These results highlight clodronate as a potential therapeutic for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Reusser
- Department of Nanomedicine and Bioengineering; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston, TX USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Heather J Dalton
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Vianey Gonzalez-Villasana
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Nicholas B Jennings
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Hernan G Vasquez
- Department of Internal Medicine; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston, TX USA
| | - Yunfei Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Rajesh Rupaimoole
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Kshipra Gharpure
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Takahito Miyake
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Nanomedicine and Bioengineering; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston, TX USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Department of Cancer Biology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Department of Cancer Biology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
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Domagala-Kulawik J, Osinska I, Hoser G. Mechanisms of immune response regulation in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2014. [PMID: 25806277 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.22186751.2013.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths. As a solid tumor with low antigenicity and heterogenic phenotype lung cancer evades host immune defense. The cytotoxic anticancer effect is suppressed by a complex mechanism in tumor microenvironment. The population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a crucial role in this inhibition of immune response. Tregs are defined by presence of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) molecule. The high expression of Foxp3 was found in lung cancer cells and in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is constitutively expressed on Tregs and suppresses T cell activation. The elevated CTLA4 expression in lymphocytes in patients with lung cancer was found. Recently the antibodies blocking CTLA4 showed some clinical efficacy in patients with lung cancer. Cancer cells and immune cells release many cytokines capable to show suppressive immune effect in cancer microenvironment. The most active are transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ) and IL-10. The pleiotropic function of Th17 population is TGFβ related. The myeloid lineage of suppressor cells in lung cancer is represented by tumor associated macrophages (TAM) with phenotype of M2 macrophages and some regulatory properties with releasing amounts of IL-10 and TGFβ. The myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) control cytotoxic T cell activity in mechanisms which are highly dependent on the context of tumor environment. The mechanisms of anticancer immune response regulation need further investigation as an important target to new way of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala-Kulawik
- 1 Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 2 Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 3 Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Osinska
- 1 Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 2 Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 3 Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- 1 Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 2 Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland ; 3 Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Raymond JR, Appleton KM, Pierce JY, Peterson YK. Suppression of GNAI2 message in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:6. [PMID: 24423449 PMCID: PMC3905280 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the integration of hormone signaling and how it impacts oncogenesis is critical for improved cancer treatments. Here we elucidate GNAI2 message alterations in ovarian cancer (OvCa). GNAI2 is a heterotrimeric G protein which couples cell surface hormone receptors to intracellular enzymes, and is best characterized for its direct role in regulating cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) function by decreasing intracellular cAMP through inhibiting adenylyl cyclase. Methods We probed the Origene human OvCa array for the presence of polymorphisms and gene expression alterations of GNAI2 using directing sequencing and qPCR. These data were supported by database mining of the [NCBI NIH GSE:6008, GSE:14764, GSE:29450, GDS:4066, GDS:3297, GSE:32474, and GSE:2003] datasets. Results No significant polymorphisms were found, including an absence of the gip2 oncogene. However, 85.9% of (506 of 589) OvCa patients had decreased GNAI2 message. Further characterization demonstrated that the GNAI2 message was on average decreased 54% and maximally decreased by 2.8 fold in clear cell carcinoma. GNAI2 message decreased in early stage cancer while message was increased compared to normal in advanced cancers. The changes in GNAI2 also correlated to deregulation of CREB, Fos, Myc, cyclins, Arf, the transition from estrogen dependence to independence, and metastatic potential. Conclusion These data strongly implicate GNAI2 as a critical regulator of oncogenesis and an upstream driver of cancer progression in OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Medical University of South Carolina, 280 Calhoun St, QF415, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Ton TVT, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Spontaneous mesotheliomas in F344/N rats are characterized by dysregulation of cellular growth and immune function pathways. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:863-76. [PMID: 23980201 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313501894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aged male Fischer 344/N rats are prone to developing spontaneous peritoneal mesotheliomas that arise predominantly from the tunica vaginalis of the testes. A definitive cause for the predominance of this neoplasm in F344/N rats is unknown. Investigation of the molecular alterations that occur in spontaneous rat mesotheliomas may provide insight into their pathogenesis as well enable a better understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying chemically induced mesothelioma in rodents. Mesothelial cell function represents a complex interplay of pathways related to host defense mechanisms and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Global gene expression profiles of spontaneous mesotheliomas from vehicle control male F344/N rats from 2-year National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity bioassays were analyzed to determine the molecular features of these tumors and elucidate tumor-specific gene expression profiles. The resulting gene expression pattern showed that spontaneous mesotheliomas are associated with upregulation of various growth factors, oncogenes, cytokines, pattern recognition response receptors, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns receptors, and the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as downregulation of apoptosis pathways. Alterations in these pathways in turn trigger molecular responses that stimulate cell proliferation and promote tumor survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela E Blackshear
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thai-Vu T Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natasha P Clayton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Microarray Core, Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicologic Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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50
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Owen JL, Mohamadzadeh M. Macrophages and chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2013; 4:159. [PMID: 23847541 PMCID: PMC3701799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence attests to the important roles of both macrophages and chemokines in angiogenesis. Tumor-associated macrophages or TAMS constitute the major fraction of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and are recruited by a number of chemoattractants that are produced by the tumor and tumor-associated stroma. This heterogeneous cell population is activated by a variety of stimuli and becomes polarized to result in functionally different phenotypes regarding tumor progression. As opposed to classically activated or M1 macrophages that exhibit anti-tumor functions, most TAMS are considered to be of the alternatively activated or M2 phenotype, and express multiple cytokines, proteases, and chemokines that promote tumor angiogenesis. Chemokines also have disparate effects on angiogenesis regulation, as several members of the CXC and CC chemokine families are potent inducers of angiogenesis, while a subset of CXC chemokines are angiostatic. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the roles and modes of action of macrophage-derived chemokines as mediators of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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