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Zhang H, Liang S, Yin K, Mo Y, Li Y, Lv Y, Zhan H, Zhang Z, Shan Z, Guo Z, Yin S, Yang W. Urinary Equol and Equol-Predicting Microbial Genera Are Favorably Associated with Body Fat Measures among Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00405-X. [PMID: 39033820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated the intake of dietary isoflavones in relation to obesity risk, whereas the association using objective biomarkers of isoflavones, particularly equol (a gut-derived metabolite of daidzein with greater bioavailability than other isoflavones) has been less studied. In addition, the associations between equol and gut microbiota profile at the population level remain to be fully characterized. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify equol-predicting microbial species and to investigate the associations of equol-predicting microbial species and urinary excretion of isoflavones including glycitein, genistein, daidzein, and equol with diverse obesity markers in free living-individuals. METHODS In this 1-y longitudinal study of 754 community-dwelling adults, urinary isoflavones, fecal microbiota, height, weight, and circumferences of waist and hip were measured at baseline and again after 1 y. Liver fat [indicated by the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)] and other body composition were also measured after 1 y. Linear models and linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the associations for single measure and repeated measures, respectively. RESULTS Among 305 participants (median age: 50 y, IQR, 37-59 y) including 138 males and 167 females, higher urinary excretion of equol was associated with lower CAP (β = -0.013, P < 0.001) and body fat mass (β= -0.014, P = 0.046). No association was found between any other urinary isoflavones and obesity markers (all P > 0.05). We identified 21 bacterial genera whose relative abundance were positively associated with urinary equol concentrations (all Pfalsediscovery rate < 0.05), and constructed an equol-predicting microbial score to reflect the overall equol-producing potential of host gut microbiota. This score was inversely associated with CAP (β = -0.040, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS High urinary equol concentrations and equol-predicting microbial species could be favorably associated with liver fat and other obesity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shaoxian Liang
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kewan Yin
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yufeng Mo
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaning Lv
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Mainini G, Ercolano S, De Simone R, Iavarone I, Lizza R, Passaro M. Dietary Supplementation of Myo-Inositol, Cocoa Polyphenols, and Soy Isoflavones Improves Vasomotor Symptoms and Metabolic Profile in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Retrospective Clinical Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:598. [PMID: 38674244 PMCID: PMC11052504 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hormonal changes physiologically occurring in menopausal women may increase the risk of developing metabolic and vasomotor disturbances, which contribute to increase the risk of developing other concomitant pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods: Retrospective data from 200 menopausal women with MetS and vasomotor symptoms taking one sachet per day of the dietary supplement INOFOLIC® NRT (Farmares srl, Rome, Italy) were collected. Each sachet consisted of myo-Inositol (2000 mg), cocoa polyphenols (30 mg), and soy isoflavones (80 mg, of which 50 mg is genistin). Patients recorded their symptoms through a medical questionnaire at the beginning of the administration (T0) and after 6 months (T1). Results: We observed an improvement in both the frequency and the severity of hot flushes: increased percentage of 2-3 hot flushes (28 at T0 vs. 65% at T1, p value < 0.001) and decreased percentage of 4-9 hot flushes (54% at T0 vs. 18% at T1, p value < 0.001). Moreover, symptoms of depression improved after supplementation (87% at T0 vs. 56% at T1 of patients reported moderate depression symptoms, p value < 0.001). Regarding metabolic profile, women improved body mass index and waist circumference with a reduction in the percentage of overweight and obesity women (88% at T0 vs. 51% at T1, p value = 0.01; 14% at T0 vs. 9% at T1, p value = 0.04). In addition, the number of women suffering from non-insulin dependent diabetes reduced (26% at T0 vs. 16% at T1, p value = 0.04). Conclusions: These data corroborate previously observed beneficial effects of the oral administration of myo-Inositol, cocoa polyphenols, and soy isoflavones against menopausal symptoms in the study population. Considering the promising results of the present study, further prospective controlled clinical trials are needed to deeply understand and support the efficacy of these natural compounds for the management of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Mainini
- Società Campano Calabro Apulo Lucana di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia (S.C.C.A.L.), 80133 Naples, Italy
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Mechanism of Soy Isoflavone Daidzein-Induced Female-Specific Anorectic Effect. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030252. [PMID: 35323695 PMCID: PMC8955737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that regular intake of soy isoflavone exerts a preventive effect on postmenopausal obesity and other forms of dysmetabolism. Estrogens inhibit eating behavior. Soy isoflavones may act as estrogen agonist in estrogen-depleted conditions, whereas they may either act as an estrogen antagonist or be ineffective in estrogen-repleted conditions. We investigated the effects of dietary soy isoflavone on food intake under various estrogen conditions using male, ovariectomized (OVX), and non-OVX female rats, and compared the effects with those of estradiol. We found that soy isoflavones reduced food intake in females specifically, regardless of whether ovariectomy had been performed, whereas subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellet did not reduce food intake in intact female rats, but did so in OVX female and male rats. Contrary to this hypothesis, the reduction in food intake may not be caused by the estrogenic properties of soy isoflavones. It is of great interest to understand the mechanisms underlying the anorectic effects of soy isoflavones. In this non-systematic review, we summarize our recent studies that have investigated the bioactive substances of anorectic action, pharmacokinetic properties of soy isoflavones, and the modification of central and peripheral signals regulating appetite by soy isoflavones, and selected studies that were identified via database mining.
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Liu ZM, Zhang D, Li G, Ho SC, Chen YM, Ma J, Huang Q, Li S, Ling WH. The 6-month effect of whole soy and purified isoflavones daidzein on thyroid function-A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial among Chinese equol-producing postmenopausal women. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5838-5846. [PMID: 34494323 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whole soy and purified daidzein on markers of thyroid function in Chinese postmenopausal women who were equol-producers. Total 270 eligible women were randomized to either one of the three isocaloric supplements: 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low-fat milk powder +63 mg daidzein (daidzein group) or 40 g low-fat milk powder (placebo) daily for 6 months. Serum thyroid markers were tested at baseline and 6 months for thyroid stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine and free thyroxine (FT4). There was no significant difference in the 6-month changes of thyroid markers among the three groups. Subgroup analysis among women with lowered thyroid function suggested a modest decrease of FT4. This randomized controlled trial among Chinese equol-producing postmenopausal women indicates the consumption of whole soy and purified daidzein at the provided dosages are safe and have no detrimental effect on thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Min Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Suzanne C Ho
- Department of Epidemiology, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, China
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Liu ZM, Li G, Zhang D, Ho SC, Chen YM, Ma J, Huang Q, Li S, Ling WH. Effect of whole soy and purified daidzein on androgenic hormones in chinese equol-producing post-menopausal women: a six-month randomised, double-blinded and Placebo-Controlled trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:644-652. [PMID: 31914834 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1712682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial was performed to examine the effects of whole soy and isoflavone daidzein on serum androgenic hormones in Chinese equol-producing post-menopausal women. A total of 270 eligible women aged 45-70 years were randomised to either one of the three iso-caloric supplements: 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low-fat milk powder +63 mg daidzein (daidzein group) or 40 g low-fat milk powder (placebo group) daily for 6 months. Fasting venous samples were tested for serum androstenedione (AD), testosterone (T), prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that serum T (p = .022) and AD (p = .05) levels modestly but significantly decreased after 6-month daidzein treatment in comparison with placebo, with a mean difference of -0.057 nmol/L (95%CI: -0.185 to 0.070, p = .018) and -0.118 ng/mL (95%CI: -0.240-0.004, p = .045), respectively. This 6-month trial suggested that purified daidzein may exhibit less androgenic effect.Trial registration: The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier of NCT01270737. (URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01270737.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Min Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Suzanne C Ho
- Department of Epidemiology, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Feeding brown fat: dietary phytochemicals targeting non-shivering thermogenesis to control body weight. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:338-356. [PMID: 32290888 PMCID: PMC7663322 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive adipose accumulation, which is the main driver for the development of secondary metabolic complications, has reached epidemic proportions and combined pharmaceutical, educational and nutritional approaches are required to reverse the current rise in global obesity prevalence rates. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique organ able to dissipate energy and thus a promising target to enhance BMR to counteract a positive energy balance. In addition, active BAT might support body weight maintenance after weight loss to prevent/reduce relapse. Natural products deliver valuable bioactive compounds that have historically helped to alleviate disease symptoms. Interest in recent years has focused on identifying nutritional constituents that are able to induce BAT activity and thereby enhance energy expenditure. This review provides a summary of selected dietary phytochemicals, including isoflavones, catechins, stilbenes, the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and resveratrol as well as the alkaloids berberine and capsaicin. Most of the discussed phytochemicals act through distinct molecular pathways e.g. sympathetic nerve activation, AMP-kinase signalling, SIRT1 activity or stimulation of oestrogen receptors. Thus, it might be possible to utilise this multitude of pathways to co-activate BAT using a fine-tuned combination of foods or combined nutritional supplements.
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Liu ZM, Chen B, Li S, Li G, Zhang D, Ho SC, Chen YM, Ma J, Qi H, Ling WH. Effect of whole soy and isoflavones daidzein on bone turnover and inflammatory markers: a 6-month double-blind, randomized controlled trial in Chinese postmenopausal women who are equol producers. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820920555. [PMID: 32595918 PMCID: PMC7303504 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820920555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soy or isoflavones on bone metabolism. However, conflicting data remain. Equol is the intestinal metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein. The health benefits of soy are more pronounced in equol producers than those not producing equol. This 6-month randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effect of whole soy (soy flour) and purified daidzein on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in Chinese postmenopausal women who are equol producers. METHODS A total of 270 eligible women were randomized to either one of the three isocaloric supplements as follows: 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low-fat milk powder + 63 mg daidzein (daidzein group), or 40 g low-fat milk powder (placebo group) given as a solid beverage daily for 6 months. The following fasting venous samples were collected at the baseline and end of the trial to analyze BTMs: serum cross-linked C-telopeptides of type I collagen, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, and 25(OH)D3. Inflammation-related biomarkers, such as serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, transferrin, and homocysteine, were also tested to explore potential mechanisms. RESULTS A total of 253 subjects validly completed the study protocol. Urinary isoflavones suggested a good compliance to the treatments. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses indicated no significant difference in the 6-month or percentage changes in the parameters of bone metabolism and inflammatory markers among the three treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Whole soy and purified daidzein at provided dosages exhibited no significant effect on the bone metabolism and inflammation levels among Chinese equol-producing postmenopausal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01270737.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First
Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Guoyi Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Suzanne C. Ho
- Department of Epidemiology, Jockey Club School
of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, New
Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-ming Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Huang Qi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Wen-hua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
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Glisic M, Kastrati N, Musa J, Milic J, Asllanaj E, Portilla Fernandez E, Nano J, Ochoa Rosales C, Amiri M, Kraja B, Bano A, Bramer WM, Roks AJ, Danser AJ, Franco OH, Muka T. Phytoestrogen supplementation and body composition in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 2018; 115:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Akhlaghi M, Ghobadi S, Mohammad Hosseini M, Gholami Z, Mohammadian F. Flavanols are potential anti-obesity agents, a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:675-690. [PMID: 29759310 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-obesity potential of flavonoids has been shown by animal and human studies. In this meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials and quantified the effects of flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses on obesity-related anthropometric measures. METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify trials examining the effect of flavonoids on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Fifty eight trials passed the eligibility process. Analysis endpoints were calculated as the mean difference between baseline and post-treatment. Flavonoids were in subclasses of flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. They were mostly in the form of supplements and dosages varying from 40 to 1300 mg/day. Among flavonoid subclasses, flavanols showed potential for decreasing BMI, in the overall population (mean difference (MD) = -0.28 kg/m2, P = 0.04; n = 21) and in the subgroups of Asians (MD = -0.42 kg/m2; P = 0.046; n = 13), ages < 50 years (MD = -0.50 kg/m2; P = 0.008; n = 14), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (MD = -0.30 kg/m2; P = 0.049; n = 15), and at doses ≥ 500 mg/day (MD = -0.36 kg/m2; P = 0.049; n = 12). Isoflavones also decreased BMI of non-Asian populations (MD = -0.26 kg/m2; P = 0.035; n = 13) and doses ≥ 75 mg/day (MD = -0.34 kg/m2; P = 0.027; n = 8). In the overall assessment, flavanols also decreased waist circumference (MD = -0.60 cm; P = 0.02; n = 18) but had no significant effect on body fat percentage. The available trials did not reveal significant effects from flavonols, flavanones, and anthocyanins on the specified anthropometric measures. CONCLUSIONS Overall results of this meta-analysis showed that flavanols have potential against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Ghobadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - M Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Mohammadian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Saghafi N, Ghazanfarpour M, Khadivzadeh T, Babakhanian M, Afiat M. The Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women with Excess Weight: A Double-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial. J Menopausal Med 2017; 23:166-171. [PMID: 29354616 PMCID: PMC5770526 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.2017.23.3.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of fennel on body composition. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty-four out of 60 patients were able to successfully complete the original study. Seven out of 54 patients were excluded because they were not overweight and obese. Thus, 47 women were included in this secondary analysis. Of these 47 women, 22 were in the fennel group and 25 were in placebo group. Body weight, body mass index (BMI) as well as fat distribution was measured at the baseline and after a three-month follow-up. Results Comparison of fennel and placebo groups did not reveal any significant effect in terms of body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences and fat distribution. Also, the results of paired t-test did not variation of these parameters across groups before and after 12-week treatment. Conclusions Menopausal women in fennel group experienced a slight increase in body weight and fat distribution, which was not significant. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Saghafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masumeh Ghazanfarpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Talat Khadivzadeh
- Evidence-Based Care Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoudeh Babakhanian
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maliheh Afiat
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Akhlaghi M, Zare M, Nouripour F. Effect of Soy and Soy Isoflavones on Obesity-Related Anthropometric Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:705-717. [PMID: 28916571 PMCID: PMC5593113 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy may be a suitable food for anti-obesity efforts because of its high protein and isoflavone content. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate potential effects of soy and soy isoflavones on weight, waist circumference, and fat mass. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Twenty-four trials with soy and 17 trials with isoflavones passed the eligibility stage. According to the results, soy showed no overall statistically significant effect on weight, waist circumference, or fat mass, but a significant increasing effect on weight was observed in some circumstances: for instance, in obese subjects [mean difference (MD): 0.80 kg; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.45 kg; P = 0.02], with ingestions of ≥40 g soy protein/d (MD: 0.94 kg; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.77 kg; P = 0.03), with short-term applications (1-3 mo) (MD: 0.45 kg; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.86 kg; P = 0.03), and when soy was compared with meat (MD: 0.36 kg; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.64 kg; P = 0.03) and whey protein (MD: 1.53 kg; 95% CI: 0.10, 2.96 kg; P = 0.04). In contrast to the effects of soy on weight, soy significantly decreased waist circumference in older ages (MD: -0.36 cm; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.01 cm; P = 0.04), in women (MD: -0.32 cm; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.08 cm; P = 0.01), and at doses of <40 g soy protein/d (MD: -0.31 cm; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.05 cm; P = 0.02). Isoflavone studies, conducted only in women, showed that isoflavones may reduce body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) (MD: -0.26; 95% CI: -0.55, 0.04; P = 0.085), especially in dosages <100 mg/d (MD: -0.48; 95% CI: -0.90, -0.06; P = 0.02) and in intervention periods of 2-6 mo (MD: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.56, 0.00; P = 0.053), but no effect was observed in higher doses or longer intervention periods. Also, a trend for reduced BMI after consumption of isoflavones was observed in Caucasians (MD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.74, 0.04; P = 0.08). Overall, results showed that, although soy is the major source of isoflavones, soy and isoflavones may have different impacts on weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouripour
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Cross TWL, Zidon TM, Welly RJ, Park YM, Britton SL, Koch LG, Rottinghaus GE, de Godoy MRC, Padilla J, Swanson KS, Vieira-Potter VJ. Soy Improves Cardiometabolic Health and Cecal Microbiota in Female Low-Fit Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9261. [PMID: 28835674 PMCID: PMC5569109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogen-rich soy is known to ameliorate menopause-associated obesity and metabolic dysfunction for reasons that are unclear. The gut microbiota have been linked with the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We aimed to determine the impact of soy on cardiometabolic health, adipose tissue inflammation, and the cecal microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) rats bred for low-running capacity (LCR), a model that has been previously shown to mimic human menopause compared to sham-operated (SHM) intact control LCR rats. In this study, soy consumption, without affecting energy intake or physical activity, significantly improved insulin sensitivity and body composition of OVX rats bred for low-running capacity. Furthermore, soy significantly improved blood lipid profile, adipose tissue inflammation, and aortic stiffness of LCR rats. Compared to a soy-free control diet, soy significantly shifted the cecal microbial community of LCR rats, resulting in a lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. Correlations among metabolic parameters and cecal bacterial taxa identified in this study suggest that taxa Prevotella, Dorea, and Phascolarctobacterium may be taxa of interest. Our results suggest that dietary soy ameliorates adiposity, insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and arterial stiffness and exerts a beneficial shift in gut microbial communities in a rat model that mimics human menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Terese M Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rebecca J Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Maria R Cattai de Godoy
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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13
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Tang GY, Meng X, Li Y, Zhao CN, Liu Q, Li HB. Effects of Vegetables on Cardiovascular Diseases and Related Mechanisms. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080857. [PMID: 28796173 PMCID: PMC5579650 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that vegetable consumption is inversely related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research has indicated that many vegetables like potatoes, soybeans, sesame, tomatoes, dioscorea, onions, celery, broccoli, lettuce and asparagus showed great potential in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, and vitamins, essential elements, dietary fibers, botanic proteins and phytochemicals were bioactive components. The cardioprotective effects of vegetables might involve antioxidation; anti-inflammation; anti-platelet; regulating blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile; attenuating myocardial damage; and modulating relevant enzyme activities, gene expression, and signaling pathways as well as some other biomarkers associated to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, several vegetables and their bioactive components have been proven to protect against cardiovascular diseases in clinical trials. In this review, we analyze and summarize the effects of vegetables on cardiovascular diseases based on epidemiological studies, experimental research, and clinical trials, which are significant to the application of vegetables in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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14
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Liu ZM, Ho S, Hao YT, Chen YM, Woo J, Wong SYS, He Q, Xie YJ, Tse LA, Chen B, Su XF, Lao XQ, Wong C, Chan R, Ling WH. Randomised controlled trial of effect of whole soy replacement diet on features of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: study protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012741. [PMID: 27678545 PMCID: PMC5051416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a public health problem in postmenopausal women. Whole soy foods are rich in unsaturated fats, high quality plant protein and various bioactive phytochemicals that may have a beneficial role in the management of MetS. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of whole soy replacement diet on the features of MetS among postmenopausal women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This will be a 12-month, randomised, single-blind, parallel controlled trial among 208 postmenopausal women at risk of MetS or with early MetS. After 4 weeks' run-in, subjects will be randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups, whole soy replacement group or control group, each for 12 months. Subjects in the whole soy group will be required to include four servings of whole soy foods (containing 25 g soy protein) into their daily diet iso-calorically, replacing red or processed meat and high fat dairy products. Subjects in the control group will remain on a usual diet. The outcome measures will include metabolic parameters as well as a 10-year risk for ischaemic cardiovascular disease. We hypothesise that the whole soy substitution diet will notably improve features of MetS in postmenopausal women at risk of MetS or with early MetS. The study will have both theoretical and practical significance. If proven effective, the application of the whole soy replacement diet model will be a safe, practical and economical strategy for MetS prevention and treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The results will be disseminated via conference presentations and papers in academic peer reviewed journals. Data files will be deposited in an accessible repository. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02610322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-min Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Suzanne Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan-tao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ming Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Yeung-shan Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Jie Xie
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-fen Su
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-qian Lao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ruth Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-hua Ling
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Birru RL, Ahuja V, Vishnu A, Evans RW, Miyamoto Y, Miura K, Usui T, Sekikawa A. The impact of equol-producing status in modifying the effect of soya isoflavones on risk factors for CHD: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e30. [PMID: 27547393 PMCID: PMC4976117 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the ability to produce equol, a metabolite of the soya isoflavone daidzein, is beneficial to coronary health. Equol, generated by bacterial action on isoflavones in the human gut, is biologically more potent than dietary sources of isoflavones. Not all humans are equol producers. We investigated whether equol-producing status is favourably associated with risk factors for CHD following an intervention by dietary soya isoflavones. We systematically reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCT) that evaluated the effect of soya isoflavones on risk factors for CHD and that reported equol-producing status. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials published up to April 2015 and hand-searched bibliographies to identify the RCT. Characteristics of participants and outcomes measurements were extracted and qualitatively analysed. From a total of 1671 studies, we identified forty-two articles that satisfied our search criteria. The effects of equol on risk factors for CHD were mainly based on secondary analyses in these studies, thus with inadequate statistical power. Although fourteen out of the forty-two studies found that equol production after a soya isoflavone intervention significantly improved a range of risk factors including cholesterol and other lipids, inflammation and blood pressure variables, these results need further verification by sufficiently powered studies. The other twenty-eight studies primarily reported null results. RCT of equol, which has recently become available as a dietary supplement, on CHD and its risk factors are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L. Birru
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vasudha Ahuja
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abhishek Vishnu
- Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rhobert W. Evans
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Usui
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Aguilera CM, Gil A. A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Bioactive Compounds in Cardiovascular Disease: Phenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2015; 7:5177-216. [PMID: 26132993 PMCID: PMC4516993 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is rising and is the prime cause of death in all developed countries. Bioactive compounds (BAC) can have a role in CVD prevention and treatment. The aim of this work was to examine the scientific evidence supporting phenolic BAC efficacy in CVD prevention and treatment by a systematic review. Databases utilized were Medline, LILACS and EMBASE, and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with prospective, parallel or crossover designs in humans in which the effects of BAC were compared with that of placebo/control were included. Vascular homeostasis, blood pressure, endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were considered as primary outcomes. Cohort, ecological or case-control studies were not included. We selected 72 articles and verified their quality based on the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, establishing diverse quality levels of scientific evidence according to two features: the design and bias risk of a study. Moreover, a grade of recommendation was included, depending on evidence strength of antecedents. Evidence shows that certain polyphenols, such as flavonols can be helpful in decreasing CVD risk factors. However, further rigorous evidence is necessary to support the BAC effect on CVD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Belen Pastor-Villaescusa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centre of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", University of Granada, Conocimiento Avenue, 18006 Granada, Spain.
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Izzi-Engbeaya C, Salem V, Atkar RS, Dhillo WS. Insights into Brown Adipose Tissue Physiology as Revealed by Imaging Studies. Adipocyte 2015; 4:1-12. [PMID: 26167397 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.965609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been resurgence in interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) following radiological and histological identification of metabolically active BAT in adult humans. Imaging enables BAT to be studied non-invasively and therefore imaging studies have contributed a significant amount to what is known about BAT function in humans. In this review the current knowledge (derived from imaging studies) about the prevalence, function, activity and regulation of BAT in humans (as well as relevant rodent studies), will be summarized.
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Key Words
- 11C-MHED, [11C]-meta-hydroxyephedrine
- 18F-FDG, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose
- 99mTc-sestamibi, technetium-99m sestamibi
- 99mTc-tetrofosmin, technetium-99m tetrofosmin
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMI, body mass index
- BOLD, blood oxygen level dependent
- CIT, cold-induced thermogenesis
- IQR, interquartile range
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NST, non-shivering thermogenesis
- PET-CT, positron emission tomography-computed tomography
- SPECT, single photon emission CT
- UCP-1, uncoupling protein 1
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- brown adipose tissue
- energy expenditure
- imaging
- metabolism
- thermogenesis
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18
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Remely M, Lovrecic L, de la Garza AL, Migliore L, Peterlin B, Milagro FI, Martinez AJ, Haslberger AG. Therapeutic perspectives of epigenetically active nutrients. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:2756-68. [PMID: 25046997 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many nutrients are known for a wide range of activities in prevention and alleviation of various diseases. Recently, their potential role in regulating human health through effects on epigenetics has become evident, although specific mechanisms are still unclear. Thus, nutriepigenetics/nutriepigenomics has emerged as a new and promising field in current epigenetics research in the past few years. In particular, polyphenols, as part of the central dynamic interaction between the genome and the environment with specificity at physiological concentrations, are well known to affect mechanisms underlying human health. This review summarizes the effects of dietary compounds on epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression including expression of enzymes and other molecules responsible for drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders and hormonal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Remely
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Lovrecic
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A L de la Garza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health - Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - F I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A J Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CIBERobn, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - A G Haslberger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Urinary sodium excretion and dietary sources of sodium intake in Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104018. [PMID: 25083775 PMCID: PMC4119001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reducing salt intake in communities is one of the most effective and affordable public health strategies to prevent hypertension, stroke and renal disease. The present study aimed to determine the sodium intake in Hong Kong Chinese postmenopausal women and identify the major food sources contributing to sodium intake and urine excretion. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among 655 Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension who were screened for a randomized controlled trial. Data collection included 24 h urine collection for the measurement of sodium, potassium and creatinine, 3-day dietary records, anthropometric measures and questionnaire survey on demographic data and dietary habits. Results The average salt intake estimated from urinary excretion was 7.8±3.2 g/d with 82.1% women above WHO recommendation of 5 g/day. Food groups as soup (21.6%), rice and noodles (13.5%), baked cereals (12.3%), salted/preserved foods (10.8%), Chinese dim sum (10.2%) and sea foods (10.1%) were the major contributors of non-discretionary salt. Discretionary salt use in cooking made a modest contribution to overall intake. Vegetable and fruit intake, age, sodium intake from salted foods, sea foods and soup were the independent determinants of urinary sodium excretion. Conclusions Our data revealed a significant room for reduction of the sodium intake. Efforts to reduce sodium from diets in Hong Kong Chinese postmenopausal women should focus on both processed foods and discretionary salt during cooking. Sodium reduction in soup and increase in fruit intake would be potentially effective strategy for reducing sodium.
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20
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Liu ZM, Ho SC, Woo J, Chen YM, Wong C. Randomized controlled trial of whole soy and isoflavone daidzein on menopausal symptoms in equol-producing Chinese postmenopausal women. Menopause 2014; 21:653-60. [PMID: 24149925 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplements containing soy or isoflavones are widely used as alternatives to hormone therapy. However, their efficacy is still inconclusive, and limited data on equol producers are available. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whole soy (soy flour) or purified daidzein (one major soy isoflavone and the precursor of equol) on menopausal symptoms in equol-producing postmenopausal women, a population most likely to benefit from soy intervention. METHODS This is a 6-month parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Two hundred seventy equol-producing prehypertensive Chinese postmenopausal women were randomized to one of three treatment groups: 40 g of soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g of low-fat milk powder + 63 mg of daidzein (daidzein group), or 40 g of low-fat milk powder (placebo group) daily, each given as a solid beverage for 6 months. Changes in menopausal symptoms were assessed by a validated and structured symptom checklist at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-three participants completed the study according to protocol. Urinary isoflavones indicated good compliance with the interventions. Baseline menopausal symptoms were comparable among the three study groups. Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the 6-month changes or percent changes in the total number of menopausal symptoms, in the five dimensions of symptoms, and in the frequencies of individual symptoms among the three treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Whole soy and purified daidzein have no significant effect on alleviation of menopausal symptoms among equol-producing postmenopausal women with prehypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-min Liu
- From the 1Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and 2Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club of the School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR; 3Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; and 4Center of Research and Promotion of Women's Health, The Jockey Club of the School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR
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21
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Cardiovascular risks in relation to daidzein metabolizing phenotypes among Chinese postmenopausal women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87861. [PMID: 24533060 PMCID: PMC3922722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggested that the inter-individual differences in metabolizing isoflavone daidzein to equol or O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA) might explain the inconsistency of the soy/isoflavones efficacy on cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVES The study aims to evaluate the relationship between equol and ODMA phenotypes and cardiovascular risks with habitual isoflavone consumption in Chinese postmenopausal women. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study among 726 prehypertensive postmenopal women who were screened for a randomized controlled trial. 648 women returned a daidzein-challenged urine samples for determination of equol and O-DMA production. 595 attended clinic visits for assessment of cardiovascular risks including body composition, blood pressure (BP), serum lipids, uric acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting glucose and free fatty acid (FFA). RESULTS The prevalences of equol and O-DMA producers were 53.2% and 60.9% respectively. Equol producers had higher fat free mass (p = 0.001), lower systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic (p = 0.01) BP, serum triglyceride (p = 0.023), hs-CRP (p = 0.015) and FFA (p = 0.001) than non-producers. O-DMA producers had lower body fat% (p = 0.032), SBP (p = 0.02), total cholesterol (p = 0.002) than non-producers. The significant differences remained after further adjustment for potential confounders. The habitual soy isoflavones intake had little relation to cardiovascular risk factors in either equol/O-DMA producer phenotypes. CONCLUSION Equol/O-DMA producers had more favorable cardiovascular risk profiles than non-producers in prehypertensive postmenopausal women.
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