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Juhi UH, El-Nashar HAS, Al Faruq A, Bhuia MS, Sultana I, Alam S, Abuyousef F, Saleh N, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. Phytochemical analysis and biological investigation of Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm.f.) Swartz. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366889. [PMID: 38638865 PMCID: PMC11024464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cheilanthes tenuifolia is an evergreen ornamental small fern, belonging to the family Pteridaceae, that grows in warm and rocky regions worldwide. Many species of Cheilanthes genus are evidently endowed with important phytochemicals and bioactivities. This study aimed to perform a preliminary phytochemical analysis of Cheilanthes tenuifolia leaves alongside an evaluation of free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and clot lysis activities of extract fractions. Materials and methods: A preliminary phytochemical analysis was done after fractionation of ethanolic extract (ECT) with n-hexane (HCT) and chloroform (CCT). Then, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, egg albumin and RBC membrane stabilization tests, disc diffusion, and human blood clot lysis assays were performed. Results: Phytochemical investigations suggested that the plant is rich in alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids. All obtained fractions exhibited concentration-dependent radical scavenging, inhibition of egg protein denaturation and RBC membrane lysis capacities. Except for antifungal tests, ECT exhibited better DPPH radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and clot lysis capacities than HCT and CCT fractions. However, all fractions exhibited a mild anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: C. tenuifolia might be a good source of antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-atherothrombotic agents. Further studies are required to isolate and characterize the active principles liable for each bioactivity, along with possible molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Habiba Juhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A. S. El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Al Faruq
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Syedul Alam
- Forest Botany Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Abuyousef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Na’il Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Wekesa EN, Kimani NM, Kituyi SN, Omosa LK, Santos CBR. Therapeutic Potential of the Genus Zanthoxylum Phytochemicals: A Theoretical ADME/Tox Analysis. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2023; 162:129-141. [PMID: 37840557 PMCID: PMC10569136 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are essential in the search for new drugs to treat a wide range of diseases, including infectious and malignant disorders. However, despite the discovery of many bioactive NPs, they often do not make it to market as drugs due to toxicity and other challenges. The development of NPs into drugs is a long and expensive process, and many promising compounds are abandoned along the way. These molecules require in silico ADMET profiling in order to speed up their development into drugs lower costs, and the high attrition rate. The objective of this work was to produce thorough ADMET profiles of secondary metabolites from several classes that were isolated from Zanthoxylum species. The genus has a long history of therapeutic use, including treating tumours, hypertension, gonorrhoea, coughs, bilharzia, chest pains, and toothaches. The study used a dataset of 406 compounds from the genus for theoretical ADMET analysis. The findings revealed that 81% of the compounds met Lipinski's rule of five, indicating good oral bioavailability. The drug-likeness criteria were taken into account, with percentages ranging from 66.2 to 88.1 percent. Additionally, 9.2% of the compounds were predicted to be lead-like, demonstrating their potential as promising drug development candidates. Interestingly, none of the compounds inhibited hERG I, while 33% inhibited hERG II, potentially having cardiac implications. Additionally, 30% of the compounds exhibited AMES toxicity inhibition, while 23.6% were identified as hepatotoxic and 22.2% would cause skin sensitivity. Moreover, 81.8% of the compounds demonstrated high intestinal absorption, making them desirable for oral drugs. In conclusion, these findings highlight the diverse properties of the investigated compounds and their potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah N. Kituyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Kenya
- The Fogarty International center of the National Institutes of Health- 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | | | - Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil
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Hourfane S, Mechqoq H, Bekkali AY, Rocha JM, El Aouad N. A Comprehensive Review on Cannabis sativa Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Molecular Docking and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1245. [PMID: 36986932 PMCID: PMC10058143 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For more than a century, Cannabis was considered a narcotic and has been banned by lawmakers all over the world. In recent years, interest in this plant has increased due to its therapeutic potential, in addition to a very interesting chemical composition, characterized by the presence of an atypical family of molecules known as phytocannabinoids. With this emerging interest, it is very important to take stock of what research has been conducted so far on the chemistry and biology of Cannabis sativa. The aim of this review is to describe the traditional uses, chemical composition and biological activities of different parts of this plant, as well as the molecular docking studies. Information was collected from electronic databases, namely SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science. Cannabis is mainly popular for its recreational use, but it is also traditionally used as remedy for the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes, digestive, circulatory, genital, nervous, urinary, skin and respiratory diseases. These biological proprieties are mainly due to the presence of bioactive metabolites represented by more than 550 different molecules. Molecular docking simulations proved the presence of affinities between Cannabis compounds and several enzymes responsible for anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiepileptic and anticancer activities. Several biological activities have been evaluated on the metabolites of Cannabis sativa, and these works have shown the presence of antioxidant, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-aflatoxigenic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and dermocosmetic activities. This paper presents the up-to-date reported investigations and opens many reflections and further research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Hourfane
- Research Team on Natural Products Chemistry and Smart Technology (NPC-ST), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Route de Rabat, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 92000, Morocco
| | - Hicham Mechqoq
- Research Team on Natural Products Chemistry and Smart Technology (NPC-ST), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Route de Rabat, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 92000, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Yassine Bekkali
- Research Team on Natural Products Chemistry and Smart Technology (NPC-ST), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Route de Rabat, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 92000, Morocco
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Noureddine El Aouad
- Research Team on Natural Products Chemistry and Smart Technology (NPC-ST), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Route de Rabat, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 92000, Morocco
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Loh YC, Oo CW, Tew WY, Wen X, Wei X, Yam MF. The predominance of endothelium-derived relaxing factors and beta-adrenergic receptor pathways in strong vasorelaxation induced by 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the rat aorta. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112905. [PMID: 35421787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4HB), known as ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde, is commonly present in traditional Chinese medicine herb, most frequently used for hypertension treatment. This research aims to determine the potency of 4HB's vasorelaxant action. In the study, the vasodilation effect of 4HB was evaluated using in vitro isolated rat aortic rings assay. The aortic rings were pre-incubated with respective antagonists before being pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE) and challenged with various concentrations of 4HB for mechanistic action studies. Rmax (maximal vasodilation) and pEC50 (negative logarithm of half-maximal effective concentration) values of each experiment were determined for comparison purposes. 4HB caused vasodilation on endothelium-intact aortic rings which pre-contracted with PE (pEC50 = 3.53 ± 0.05, Rmax = 100.95 ± 4.25%) or potassium chloride (pEC50 = 2.96 ± 0.13, Rmax = 72.13 ± 4.93%). The vasodilation effect of 4HB was significantly decreased in the absence of an endothelium (pEC50 = 2.21 ± 0.25, Rmax = 47.96 ± 4.16%). The atropine, 4-aminopyridine, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, glibenclamide, and propranolol significantly reduced the vasorelaxation effect of 4HB. Besides that, 4HB blocked the voltage-operated calcium channel (VOCC) and regulated the intracellular Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the aortic ring. Thus, the results indicated that 4HB exerted its vasodilatory effect via cGMP and β2 pathways, M3-dependent PLC/IP3 pathways, and potassium and calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Chun Loh
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, UniversitiSains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Wei Oo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, UniversitiSains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yin Tew
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xu Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xu Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Shangjie, Minhou, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Heinrich M, Mah J, Amirkia V. Alkaloids Used as Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity-An Update and Forward Look. Molecules 2021; 26:1836. [PMID: 33805869 PMCID: PMC8036335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting candidates for drug developments using computational design and empirical rules has resulted in a broad discussion about their success. In a previous study, we had shown that a species' abundance [as expressed by the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)] dataset is a core determinant for the development of a natural product into a medicine. Our overarching aim is to understand the unique requirements for natural product-based drug development. Web of Science was queried for research on alkaloids in combination with plant systematics/taxonomy. All alkaloids containing species demonstrated an average increase of 8.66 in GBIF occurrences between 2014 and 2020. Medicinal Species with alkaloids show higher abundance compared to non-medicinal alkaloids, often linked also to cultivation. Alkaloids with high biodiversity are often simple alkaloids found in multiple species with the presence of 'driver species' and are more likely to be included in early-stage drug development compared to 'rare' alkaloids. Similarly, the success of an alkaloid containing species as a food supplement ('botanical') is linked to its abundance. GBIF is a useful tool for assessing the druggability of a compound from a certain source species. The success of any development programme from natural sources must take sustainable sourcing into account right from the start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey Mah
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Vafa Amirkia
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
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Wu SY, Wen KY, Chou HC, Chiu SM, Hou YC, Chang YY. Early intervention combining Chinese and Western medicine in traumatic brain injury with diffuse axonal injury: A report of three cases. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:504-510. [PMID: 32953567 PMCID: PMC7484950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a specific type of TBI leading to prolonged consciousness impairment and disability. There is still no standard treatment for DAI, so we introduced traditional Chinese medicine into the treatment of these patients. Case summaries Three patients had TBI after traffic accidents. Their Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in the intensive care unit (ICU) were E1VEM2-3, E1VEM2-3, and E1VEM2 respectively. All of them were diagnosed with DAI based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Because of continuing consciousness disturbances, their families agreed to combine traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine treatments through inpatient consultation in Taoyuan General hospital. Two patients took Buyang Huanwu Decoction, and one Tianma Gouteng Decoction twice a day. All of them received 20 min of acupuncture treatments 5 times per week. Acupuncture points included Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shuigou (GV26), Hegu (LI4), and Taichong (LR3). All of them started Traditional Chinese medicine treatment within 2 weeks after TBI. The GCS of all three patients recovered to E4M5V6. Conclusions The early addition of traditional Chinese medicine treatments to Western medical care can improve the prognosis of patients with diffuse axonal injury. Traumatic brain injury diagnosed with diffuse axonal injury, the lower GCS, the poorer outcome. This article points out that combining Chinese medicine and modern medicine can lead to better outcome(motor, speech function and GCS score). Chinese medicine has neuroprotective effect and it’s safe when combining with modern medicine in severe traumatic brain injury in this cases report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuenn-Yun Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Ying Wen
- Yu-Yang Chinese Medicine Clinics, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chin Chou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ming Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Hou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yi Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, No. 1492, Zhongshan Rd., Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan City, 330, Taiwan
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Zhou C, He M, Peng C, Yu J, Li Z, Zhou M, Li Y, Yang S, Ouyang H, Feng Y. Pharmacokinetic and Lipidomic Assessment of the In Vivo Effects of Parishin A-Isorhynchophylline in Rat Migraine Models. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:9101598. [PMID: 32695549 PMCID: PMC7362284 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a chronic brain disease that leads to periodic neurological attacks. Parishin A and isorhynchophylline (PI) is the active monomer component extracted from the traditional antimigraine Chinese medicinal combination of Gastrodia and Uncaria, respectively. In this study, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technology, we performed pharmacokinetic and lipidomic study on migraine model rats after administration of PI. For the detection of the compounds in plasma, AB Sciex Triple Quad™ 4500 was applied for quantitative analysis, and the COSMOSIL C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.6 μm) was used for separation. Isorhynchophylline (ISO: m/z 384.8-241.2) and its main metabolite rhynchophylline (RHY: m/z 384.8-160.2) were simultaneously detected under positive ion modes. Besides, parishin A (PA: m/z 995.1-726.9) and its main metabolite gastrodin (GAS: m/z 331.1-123.0) were simultaneously detected with negative ion modes. For the analysis of endogenous lipid components, Dionex Ultimate 3000 (UHPLC) Thermo Orbitrap Elite was applied for the detection, and the Waters UPLCRBEH C18 column (1.7 μm 100 ∗ 2.1 mm) was used for separation. Chloroform/methanol (2 : 1, v : v) was used for extraction. The results demonstrated that PI exists significant difference in metabolism between single- and coadministration and can regulate lipid levels associated with migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhou
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingzhen He
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - Maofu Zhou
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Nanchang, China
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Lin CM, Lin YT, Lee TL, Imtiyaz Z, Hou WC, Lee MH. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the neuroprotective activity of Uncaria hirsuta Haviland. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 28:147-158. [PMID: 31883603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurodegeneration leading to the conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are on the increase, they require the approaches that focus on protection prevention rather than treatment. Plants are rich sources of many compounds which possess medicinal properties. We sought to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Uncariahirsuta and its compounds on d-galactose-induced stress in BALB/c mice as well as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced stress in mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. Our results demonstrate that the 95% ethanol extract of U. hirsuta reversed the d-galactose-induced learning and memory dysfunctions and decreased the malodialdehyde levels. Furthermore, the isolated compounds, 5β-carboxystrictosidine (1) and chlorogenic acid (2), protected mNGF-differentiated PC12 cells against toxicity induced by 6-OHDA by acting as antiapoptotic agents. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging was found to be 24.5 (for 1) and 19.7 μM (for 2), and both 1 and 2 reduced intracellular calcium levels with respective IC50 values of 46.9 and 27 μM. Interestingly, both compounds inhibited caspase 3 and 9 activities with respective IC50 values of 25.6 and 24.5 μM for 1 and 19.4 and 16.3 μM for 2. Our results identify U. hirsuta and its active compounds as potential neuroprotective agents and deserve further evaluation for drug development for neuroprotection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lin
- PhD Program for Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Lin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Zuha Imtiyaz
- PhD Program for Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- PhD Program for Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hsien Lee
- PhD Program for Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Center for Reproductive Medicine and Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Structure Characterization and Action Mechanism of an Antiaging New Compound from Gastrodia elata Blume. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5459862. [PMID: 31198492 PMCID: PMC6526511 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5459862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new compound, bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)ether mono-β-L-galactopyranoside (1), was isolated from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume. Its structure was elucidated using extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-TOF-MS, and chemical derivatization. Compound 1 extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 and the chronological lifespan of YOM36 yeast strains. To understand the mechanism of action, oxidative stress assessment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) and total glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity assays, and replicative lifespan assay of sod1, sod2, uth1, and skn7 yeast mutant strains were performed. Results indicated the significant increase in the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress after treatment with 1. ROS and MDA levels were reduced significantly. Meanwhile, the activity of CAT and GPx was significantly increased. The lifespan of sod1, sod2, uth1, and skn7 mutants of K6001 was not affected by 1. Furthermore, we investigated the gene expression related to longevity after administrating 1. The significant increase of Sir2 and reduction of Uth1 gene expression in the 1-treated group were observed. These results indicated that antioxidative stress played an important role in the antiaging effect of 1; Sir2 and Uth1 genes were involved in antiaging effects of 1.
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Li W, Chen M, Zhao Y. Long-term survival in a patient with pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma treated with traditional Chinese medicine. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225989. [PMID: 30196260 PMCID: PMC6129063 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare pulmonary malignancy, accounting for only 0.2%-0.3% of all lung cancers. Therefore, the prognosis and treatment of pulmonary SCC is unclear. There are only 13 reported cases in literature, only three of which had a survival of more than 11 months. Here we reported a long-term survival of a patient with pulmonary SCC who underwent treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. At the most recent follow-up in July 2018, her survival after diagnosis is 48 months and she continues to do well. To our knowledge, this is the longest survival of late stage SCC with the largest tumour burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Tianjin Tumor Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Maoyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang T, Wu Z, Sun L, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. A Computational Systems Pharmacology Approach to Investigate Molecular Mechanisms of Herbal Formula Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:668. [PMID: 29997503 PMCID: PMC6028720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is typically prescribed as formula to treat certain symptoms. A TCM formula contains hundreds of chemical components, which makes it complicated to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TCM. Here, we proposed a computational systems pharmacology approach consisting of network link prediction, statistical analysis, and bioinformatics tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms of TCM formulae. Taking formula Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin as an example, which shows pharmacological effects on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its mechanism is unclear, we first identified 494 formula components together with corresponding 178 known targets, and then predicted 364 potential targets for these components with our balanced substructure-drug–target network-based inference method. With Fisher’s exact test and statistical analysis we identified 12 compounds to be most significantly related to AD. The target genes of these compounds were further enriched onto pathways involved in AD, such as neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channel and calcium signaling pathway. By regulating key target genes, such as ACHE, HTR2A, NOS2, and TRPA1, the formula could have neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects against the progression of AD. Our approach provided a holistic perspective to study the relevance between TCM formulae and diseases, and implied possible pharmacological effects of TCM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianduanyi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Lee K, Joo H, Sun M, Kim M, Kim B, Lee BJ, Cho JH, Jung JY, Park JW, Bu Y. Review on the characteristics of liver-pacifying medicinal in relation to the treatment of stroke: from scientific evidence to traditional medical theory. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Shim E, Song E, Choi KS, Choi HJ, Hwang J. Inhibitory effect of Gastrodia elata Blume extract on alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in murine B16F10 melanoma. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:173-179. [PMID: 28584573 PMCID: PMC5449373 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used to treat a wide range of neurological disorders (e.g., paralysis and stroke) and skin problems (e.g., atopic dermatitis and eczema) in oriental medicine. This study was designed to investigate whether GEB extract inhibits melanogenesis activity in murine B16F10 melanoma. MATERIALS/METHOD Murine B16F10 cells were treated with 0-5 mg/mL of GEB extract or 400 µg/mL arbutin (a positive control) for 72 h after treatment with/without 200 nM alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) for 24 h. Melanin concentration, tyrosinase activity, mRNA levels, and protein expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (Trp)1, and Trp2 were analyzed in α-MSH-untreated and α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. RESULTS Treatment with 200 nM α-MSH induced almost 2-fold melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity along with increased mRNA levels and protein expression of MITF, tyrosinase, Trp1 and Trp2. Irrespective of α-MSH stimulation, GEB extract at doses of 0.5-5 mg/mL inhibited all these markers for skin whitening in a dose-dependent manner. While lower doses (0.5-1 mg/mL) of GEB extract generally had a tendency to decrease melanogenesis, tyrosinase activity, and mRNA levels and protein expression of MITF, tyrosinase, Trp1, and Trp2, higher doses (2-5 mg/mL) significantly inhibited all these markers in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects of the GEB extract at higher concentrations were similar to those of 400 µg/mL arbutin, a well-known depigmenting agent. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GEB displays dose-dependent inhibition of melanin synthesis through the suppression of tyrosinase activity as well as molecular levels of MITF, tyrosinase, Trp1, and Trp2 in murine B16F10 melanoma. Therefore, GEB may be an effective and natural skin-whitening agent for application in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Shim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women's College, Seoul 04628, Korea
| | - Eunju Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea
| | | | | | - Jinah Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17058, Korea
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Chen KH, Yeh MH, Livneh H, Chen BC, Lin IH, Lu MC, Tsai TY, Yeh CC. Association of traditional Chinese medicine therapy and the risk of dementia in patients with hypertension: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:178. [PMID: 28356117 PMCID: PMC5372260 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hypertension (HTN) reportedly have a higher risk of developing dementia. However, it remains unclear if use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the most common form of complementary and alternative medicine, can help lower the risk of dementia for these patients. So the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of TCM on dementia risk among patients with hypertension. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study used the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to identify 143,382 newly diagnosed hypertension patients aged 20-90 years who received treatment between 1998 and 2007. Among them, 52,365 (36.52%) had received TCM after the onset of hypertension (TCM users), and the remaining 91,017 patients (63.48%) were designated as a control group (non-TCM users). All enrollees were followed until the end of 2012 to record the incidence of dementia. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compute the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia in patients who received TCM. RESULTS During the 15-year follow-up, 3933 TCM users and 10,316 non-TCM users developed dementia, representing an incidence rate of 8.41 and 11.55%, respectively, per 1000 person-years. TCM users had a significantly reduced risk of dementia compared to non-TCM users (adjusted HR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74-0.81). The predominant effect was observed among those treated with TCM longer than 180 days (adjusted HR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.62-0.69). Among the commonly used TCM products, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin, Dan-Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Chuan-Niu-Xi (Radix Cyathulae), Ge-Gen (Radix Puerariae), Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, and Jue-Ming-Zi (Semen Cassiae) were significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia. CONCLUSIONS Results from this population-based study support the effects of TCM on reducing dementia risk, which may provide a reference for dementia prevention strategies.
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Song E, Chung H, Shim E, Jeong JK, Han BK, Choi HJ, Hwang J. Gastrodia elata Blume Extract Modulates Antioxidant Activity and Ultraviolet A-Irradiated Skin Aging in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells. J Med Food 2016; 19:1057-1064. [PMID: 27845865 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used to treat a wide range of neurological disorders (e.g., paralysis and stroke) and skin problems (e.g., atopic dermatitis and eczema) in oriental medicine. This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant ability of GEB and its antiaging effect on human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of GEB were 21.8 and 0.43 mg/g dry weight (DW), respectively. The ergothioneine content of GEB was 0.41 mg/mL DW. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of GEB at 5 and 10 mg/mL approximately ranged between 31% and 44%. The superoxide dismutase activity of GEB at 10 and 25 mg/mL was 57% and 76%, respectively. GEB increased procollagen type 1 (PC1) production and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production and elastase-1 activity in UVA-irradiated HDF. PC1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels decreased upon UVA irradiation, but recovered in response to high doses of GEB in HDF. On the contrary, GEB significantly decreased MMP-1 and elastase-1 mRNA levels, which were markedly induced in UVA-irradiated HDF. Collectively, these results suggest that GEB has sufficient antioxidant ability to prevent the signs of skin aging in UVA-irradiated human skin cells, suggesting its potential as a natural antiaging product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Song
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University , Yongin, Korea
| | - Haeyon Chung
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Soongeui Women's College , Seoul, Korea
| | - Eugene Shim
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Soongeui Women's College , Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jinah Hwang
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University , Yongin, Korea
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Nguyen CH, Krewenka C, Radad K, Kranner B, Huber A, Duvigneau JC, Miller I, Moldzio R. THC (Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol) Exerts Neuroprotective Effect in Glutamate-affected Murine Primary Mesencephalic Cultures Through Restoring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Anti-apoptosis Involving CB 1 Receptor-dependent Mechanism. Phytother Res 2016; 30:2044-2052. [PMID: 27654887 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or related disorders, are an increasing societal and economic burden worldwide. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is discussed as a neuroprotective agent in several in vitro and in vivo models of brain injury. However, the mechanisms by which THC exhibits neuroprotective properties are not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated neuroprotective mechanisms of THC in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary murine mesencephalic cultures, as a culture model for PD. Glutamate was administered for 48 h with or without concomitant THC treatment. Immunocytochemistry staining and resazurin assay were used to evaluate cell viability. Furthermore, superoxide levels, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined to explore the mode of action of this compound. THC protected dopaminergic neurons and other cell types of primary dissociated cultures from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, THC significantly counteracted the glutamate-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis. SR141716A, a CB1 receptor antagonist, concentration-dependently blocked the protective effect of THC in primary mesencephalic cultures. In conclusion, THC exerts anti-apoptotic and restores mitochondrial membrane potential via a mechanism dependent on CB1 receptor. It strengthens the fact that THC has a benefit on degenerative cellular processes occurring, among others, in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases by slowing down the progression of neuronal cell death. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Huu Nguyen
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Krewenka
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Barbara Kranner
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Huber
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Moldzio
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
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Lin SK, Yan SH, Lai JN, Tsai TH. Patterns of Chinese medicine use in prescriptions for treating Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan. Chin Med 2016; 11:12. [PMID: 27028311 PMCID: PMC4810525 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain Chinese medicine (CM) herbs and acupuncture may protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a lack of research regarding the use of CM in patients with AD. The aim of this study was to investigate CM usage patterns in patients with AD, and identify the Chinese herbal formulae most commonly used for AD. METHODS This retrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study was conducted using a randomly sampled cohort of one million patients, selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2008 in Taiwan. CM use and the top ten most frequently prescribed formulae for treating AD were assessed, including average formulae dose and frequency of prescriptions. Demographic characteristics, including sex, age and insurance level were examined, together with geographic location. Existing medical conditions with the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and medications associated with CM were also examined. Factors associated with CM use were analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS The cohort included 1137 newly diagnosed AD patients, who were given conventional treatment for AD between 1997 and 2008. Among them, 78.2 % also used CM treatments, including Chinese herbal remedies, acupuncture and massage manipulation. Female patients (aOR 1.57 with 95 % CI 1.16-2.13) and those living in urban areas (aOR 3.00 with 95 % CI 1.83-4.90 in the middle of Taiwan) were more likely to use CM. After adjusting for demographic factors, AD patients suffering from the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were more likely to seek CM treatment than those with no symptoms (aOR 2.26 with 95 % CI 1.48-3.43 in patients suffering more than three symptoms). Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang and Ji-Sheng-Shen-Qi-Wan were the two formulae most frequently prescribed by CM practitioners for treating AD. CONCLUSION Most people with AD who consumed herbal products used supplement qi, nourish the blood, and quiet the heart spirit therapy as complementary medicines to relieve AD-related symptoms, in addition to using standard anti-AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ku Lin
- />Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Hing Yan
- />Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- />The Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- />School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- />Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kwon DY, Kim DS, Lee YH, Kim JE, Park S. Anti-Diabetic Activities of Gastrodia elata Blume Water Extracts Are Mediated Mainly by Potentiating Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Increasing β-Cell Mass in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Animals. Nutrients 2016; 8:161. [PMID: 26978400 PMCID: PMC4808889 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is an important modulator of glucose metabolism, and is known to respond Gastrodia elata Blume water extract (GEB). Therefore, we examined whether long-term administration of GEB has hypoglycemic activity, and its action mechanism was explored in partially-pancreatectomized rats that exhibit similar characteristics as Asian type 2 diabetes, non-obese insulin-insufficient diabetes. The rats were provided high-fat diets supplemented with either of (1) 0.5% GEB (GEB-L), (2) 2% GEB (GEB-H), (3) 2% dextrin (control), or (4) 2% dextrin with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg body weight; positive-control) for eight weeks. GEB dose-dependently improved hypothalamic insulin signaling, enhanced whole-body insulin sensitivity during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and reduced hepatic glucose output in a hyperinsulinemic state. GEB dose-dependently increased the area under the curve of the serum insulin levels at the first and second phases during hyperglycemic clamp compared to the control, whereas the positive control had no effect. Insulin sensitivity during the hyperglycemic state also improved, dose-dependently, in response to GEB compared with that of the control, but was less than the positive control. GEB-H increased the mass of β-cells by potentiating proliferation and decreasing apoptosis. In conclusion, GEB could be a therapeutic agent for treating Asian type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Gastrodia/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin Secretion
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Pancreatectomy
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Water/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Sungnam 463-746, Korea.
| | - Da Sol Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
| | - Young Hyun Lee
- Department of Nanobiomechatronics, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiomechatronics, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea.
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Tianma Gouteng Yin, a Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction, exerts neuroprotective effects in animal and cellular models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16862. [PMID: 26578166 PMCID: PMC4649620 DOI: 10.1038/srep16862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tianma Gouteng Yin (TGY) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction widely used to treat symptoms associated with typical Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, the neuroprotective effects of water extract of TGY were tested on rotenone-intoxicated and human α-synuclein transgenic Drosophila PD models. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of TGY was also evaluated in the human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line treated with rotenone and the rotenone intoxicated hemi-parkinsonian rats. In rotenone-induced PD models, TGY improved survival rate, alleviated impaired locomotor function of Drosophila, mitigated the loss of dopaminergic neurons in hemi-parkinsonian rats and alleviated apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells; in α-synuclein transgenic Drosophila, TGY reduced the level of α-synuclein and prevented degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Conclusively, TGY is neuroprotective in PD models both in vivo and in vitro.
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Neuropharmacological Potential of Gastrodia elata Blume and Its Components. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:309261. [PMID: 26543487 PMCID: PMC4620291 DOI: 10.1155/2015/309261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research has been conducted in various fields in an attempt to develop new therapeutic agents for incurable neurodegenerative diseases. Gastrodia elata Blume (GE), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used in neurological disorders as an anticonvulsant, analgesic, and sedative medication. Several neurodegenerative models are characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, which lead to cell death via multiple extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. The blockade of certain signaling cascades may represent a compensatory therapy for injured brain tissue. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds isolated from natural resources have been investigated, as have various synthetic chemicals. Specifically, GE rhizome extract and its components have been shown to protect neuronal cells and recover brain function in various preclinical brain injury models by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The present review discusses the neuroprotective potential of GE and its components and the related mechanisms; we also provide possible preventive and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders using herbal resources.
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Asgari A. Herbal medicines and kidney; friends or foes? J Nephropharmacol 2014; 3:5-6. [PMID: 28197450 PMCID: PMC5297591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Asgari
- 1Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medicine Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
,2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
,Corresponding author: Azam Asgari; PhD, Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medicine Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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