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Lin RT, Osipov B, Steffen D, Chamberlin M, Pathak SJ, Christiansen BA, Paulussen KJM, Baar K. Saturated fatty acids negatively affect musculoskeletal tissues in vitro and in vivo. Matrix Biol Plus 2024; 23:100153. [PMID: 38882396 PMCID: PMC11179588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2024.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish oils rank among the world's most popular nutritional supplements and are purported to have numerous health benefits. Previous work suggested that fish oils increase collagen production; however, the effect of fish oils on musculoskeletal health is poorly understood. Further, the divergent effects of omega-3 (Ω3FA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) remains poorly understood. We tested the effects of Ω3FA and SFAs on in vitro-engineered human ligament (EHL) function. EHLs were treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)), palmitic acid (PA, 16:0), or a BSA control for 6 days. EPA did not significantly alter, whereas PA significantly decreased EHL function and collagen content. To determine whether this was an in vitro artifact, mice were fed a control or high-lard diet for 14 weeks and musculoskeletal mass, insulin sensitivity, and the collagen content, and mechanics of tendon and bone were determined. Body weight was 40 % higher on a HFD, but muscle, tendon, and bone mass did not keep up with body weight resulting in relative losses in muscle mass, tendon, and bone collagen, as well as mechanical properties. Importantly, we show that PA acutely decreases collagen synthesis in vitro to a similar extent as the decrease in collagen content with chronic treatment. These data suggest that Ω3FAs have a limited effect on EHLs, whereas SFA exert a negative effect on collagen synthesis resulting in smaller and weaker musculoskeletal tissues both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Osipov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Steffen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marin Chamberlin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Suraj J Pathak
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Blaine A Christiansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J M Paulussen
- Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Effect of Dietary Geranylgeraniol and Green Tea Polyphenols on Glucose Homeostasis, Bone Turnover Biomarkers, and Bone Microstructure in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020979. [PMID: 36674494 PMCID: PMC9866936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that the administration of either geranylgeraniol (GGOH) or green tea polyphenols (GTP) improved bone health. This study examined the combined effects of GGOH and GTP on glucose homeostasis in addition to bone remodeling in obese mice. We hypothesized that GGOH and GTP would have an additive or synergistic effect on improving glucose homeostasis and bone remodeling possibly in part via suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to a high-fat diet (control), HFD + 400 mg GGOH/kg diet (GG), HFD + 0.5% GTP water (TP), or HFD + GGOH + GTP (GGTP) diet for 14 weeks. Results demonstrated that GTP supplementation improved glucose tolerance in obese mice. Neither GGOH nor GTP affected pancreas insulin or bone formation procollagen type I intact N-terminal, bone volume at the lumbar vertebrae, or bone parameters at the trabecular bone and cortical bone of the femur. There was an interactive effect for serum bone resorption collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide concentrations, resulting in no-GGOH and no-GTP groups having the highest values. GGOH increased trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation at the lumbar vertebrae. GTP increased trabecular thickness at lumbar vertebrae. The GG group produced the greatest connectivity density and the lowest structure model index. Only GTP, not GGOH, decreased adipokines concentrations (resistin, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6). In an obese male mouse model, individual GGOH and GTP supplementation improved glucose homeostasis, serum CTX, and trabecular microstructure of LV-4. However, the combined GGOH and GTP supplementation compromises such osteoprotective effects on serum CTX and trabecular bone of obese mice.
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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Pei L, Zhang X, Li B, Meng Y, Zhou X. How high-fat diet affects bone in mice: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13493. [PMID: 35822276 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding for mice is commonly used to model obesity. However, conflicting results have been reported on the relationship between HFD and bone mass. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesized data from 80 articles to determine the alterations in cortical and trabecular bone mass of femur, tibia, and vertebrae in C57BL/6 mice after HFD. Overall, we detected decreased trabecular bone mass as well as deteriorated architecture, in femur and tibia of HFD treated mice. The vertebral trabecula was also impaired, possibly due to its reshaping into a more fragmentized pattern. In addition, pooled cortical thickness declined in femur, tibia, and vertebrae. Combined with changes in other cortical parameters, HFD could lead to a larger femoral bone marrow cavity, and a thinner and more fragile cortex. Moreover, we conducted subgroup analyses to explore the influence of mice's sex and age as well as HFD's ingredients and intervention period. Based on our data, male mice or mice aged 6-12 weeks old are relatively susceptible to HFD. HFD with > 50% of energy from fats and intervention time of 10 weeks to 5 months are more likely to induce skeletal alterations. Altogether, these findings supported HFD as an appropriate model for obesity-associated bone loss and can guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- College of Letters & Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Boyuan Li
- Fountain Valley School of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Yichen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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4
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Rinonapoli G, Pace V, Ruggiero C, Ceccarini P, Bisaccia M, Meccariello L, Caraffa A. Obesity and Bone: A Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413662. [PMID: 34948466 PMCID: PMC8706946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large literature on the relationship between obesity and bone. What we can conclude from this review is that the increase in body weight causes an increase in BMD, both for a mechanical effect and for the greater amount of estrogens present in the adipose tissue. Nevertheless, despite an apparent strengthening of the bone witnessed by the increased BMD, the risk of fracture is higher. The greater risk of fracture in the obese subject is due to various factors, which are carefully analyzed by the Authors. These factors can be divided into metabolic factors and increased risk of falls. Fractures have an atypical distribution in the obese, with a lower incidence of typical osteoporotic fractures, such as those of hip, spine and wrist, and an increase in fractures of the ankle, upper leg, and humerus. In children, the distribution is different, but it is not the same in obese and normal-weight children. Specifically, the fractures of the lower limb are much more frequent in obese children. Sarcopenic obesity plays an important role. The authors also review the available literature regarding the effects of high-fat diet, weight loss and bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rinonapoli
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (V.P.); (P.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valerio Pace
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (V.P.); (P.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Orthogeriatric Service, Geriatric Unit, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Ceccarini
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (V.P.); (P.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele Bisaccia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AORN San Pio “Gaetano Rummo Hospital”, Via R.Delcogliano, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Meccariello
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AORN San Pio “Gaetano Rummo Hospital”, Via R.Delcogliano, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Auro Caraffa
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (V.P.); (P.C.); (A.C.)
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Romero-Márquez JM, Varela-López A, Navarro-Hortal MD, Badillo-Carrasco A, Forbes-Hernández TY, Giampieri F, Domínguez I, Madrigal L, Battino M, Quiles JL. Molecular Interactions between Dietary Lipids and Bone Tissue during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126473. [PMID: 34204176 PMCID: PMC8233828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alberto Badillo-Carrasco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irma Domínguez
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15 Num. 36, Entre 10 y 12 IMI III, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Lorena Madrigal
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15 Num. 36, Entre 10 y 12 IMI III, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (M.B.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Tauer JT, Boraschi-Diaz I, Al Rifai O, Rauch F, Ferron M, Komarova SV. Male but not female mice with severe osteogenesis imperfecta are partially protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:211-221. [PMID: 33814269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that young mice with a dominant severe form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), caused by mutated collagen type I, exhibit an altered glucose/insulin metabolism and energy expenditure along with elevated levels of osteocalcin, a bone-derived hormone involved in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. This study aimed to examine the long-term effects of a western diet in these OI mice. Male and female OI mice and wild type littermates (WT) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a matched low-fat diet (LFD) for 26 weeks. HFD-induced obesity was observed in male and female WT and female OI mice, but not in male OI mice. HFD-fed WT and OI mice of both sexes developed hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, but the degree of glucose intolerance was significantly lower in male and female OI mice compared to sex- and diet-matched WT mice. Indirect calorimetry revealed increased movement of male OI mice on HFD compared to LFD and, while HFD lowered energy expenditure in WT mice, energy expenditure was not changed in OI mice. Further, HFD-fed male OI mice demonstrated a diet-induced increased expression of the thermogenesis genes, Ucp1 and Pgc1α, in brown adipose tissue. On LFD, total and Gla-13 osteocalcin levels were similar in 30-week-old WT and OI mice, but on HFD, both were significantly higher in OI mice than WT. Thus, male OI mice respond to HFD with increased movement, energy expenditure, brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and higher levels of osteocalcin, resulting in partial protection against HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine T Tauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Iris Boraschi-Diaz
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Omar Al Rifai
- Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Départements de Médecine et de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Martyniak K, Wei F, Ballesteros A, Meckmongkol T, Calder A, Gilbertson T, Orlovskaya N, Coathup MJ. Do polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against bone loss in our aging and osteoporotic population? Bone 2021; 143:115736. [PMID: 33171312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is inevitable in both men and women and there will soon be more people of extreme old age than ever before. Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease and as the proportion of older people, rate of obesity and the length of life increases, a rise in age-related degenerating bone diseases, disability, and prolonged dependency is projected. Fragility fractures are one of the most severe complications associated with both primary and secondary osteoporosis and current treatment strategies target weight-bearing exercise and pharmacological intervention, both with limited long-term success. Obesity and osteoporosis are intimately interrelated, and diet is a variable that plays a significant role in bone regeneration and repair. The Western Diet is characterized by its unhealthy components, specifically excess amounts of saturated fat intake. This review examines the impact of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on chronic inflammation, osteogenesis, bone architecture, and strength and explores the hypothesis that dietary polyunsaturated fats have a beneficial effect on osteogenesis, reducing bone loss by decreasing chronic inflammation, and activating bone resorption through key cellular and molecular mechanisms in our aging population. We conclude that aging, obesity and a diet high in saturated fatty acids significantly impairs bone regeneration and repair and that consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with significantly increased bone regeneration, improved microarchitecture and structural strength. However, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were typically pro-inflammatory and have been associated with an increased fracture risk. This review suggests a potential role for ω-3 fatty acids as a non-pharmacological dietary method of reducing bone loss in our aging population. We also conclude that contemporary amendments to the formal nutritional recommendations made by the Food and Nutrition Board may be necessary such that our aging population is directly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Martyniak
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Amelia Ballesteros
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Teerin Meckmongkol
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of General Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ashley Calder
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Timothy Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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Lewis JW, Edwards JR, Naylor AJ, McGettrick HM. Adiponectin signalling in bone homeostasis, with age and in disease. Bone Res 2021; 9:1. [PMID: 33414405 PMCID: PMC7790832 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Within the bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors, however, there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover. Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro: with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity, alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis. However, human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin concentration and bone activity. Moreover, the presence of multiple isoforms of adiponectin and multiple receptor subtypes has the potential to lead to more complex signalling and functional consequences. As such, we still do not fully understand the importance of the adiponectin signalling pathway in regulating bone homeostasis and repair in health, with age and in disease. In this review, we explore our current understanding of adiponectin bioactivity in the bone; the significance of its different isoforms; and how adiponectin biology is altered in disease. Ultimately, furthering our understanding of adiponectin regulation of bone biology is key to developing pharmacological and non-pharmacological (lifestyle) interventions that target adiponectin signalling to boost bone growth and repair in healthy ageing, following injury or in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lewis
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James R Edwards
- Ageing & Regeneration Research Group, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Amy J Naylor
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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9
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Colditz J, Picke AK, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Contributions of Dickkopf-1 to Obesity-Induced Bone Loss and Marrow Adiposity. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10364. [PMID: 32537550 PMCID: PMC7285751 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low bone strength in overweight individuals is a significant medical problem. One important determinant of mesenchymal stem cell fate into osteoblasts or adipocytes is the Wnt signaling pathway. We recently showed that Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1), a potent Wnt inhibitor, is upregulated in obese mice. In this study, we investigated the role of DKK1 in the pathogenesis of obesity‐induced bone loss using global and tissue‐specific KO mice. Obesity was induced in 8‐week‐old male mice with an inducible global (Rosa26‐CreERT2) or osteoprogenitor‐ (Osx–Cre‐) specific deletion of Dkk1 with a high‐fat diet (HFD) containing 60% fat. After 12 weeks, body weight, bone volume, bone fat mass, and bone turnover were assessed. Dkk1fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2 mice experienced a similar increase in body weight and white fat pads as control mice. A HFD significantly reduced trabecular bone mass and the bone formation rate in Cre‐ mice and Dkk1fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2 mice. Interestingly, Dkk1fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2 mice were protected from HFD‐induced cortical bone loss. Furthermore, a HFD was associated with increased bone marrow fat in the femur, which was less pronounced in Dkk1fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2 mice. Mice with an osteoprogenitor‐specific Dkk1 deletion showed similar results as the global knockout, showing a protection against HFD‐induced cortical bone loss and an accumulation of bone marrow fat, but a similar decrease in trabecular bone volume. In summary, DKK1 appears to contribute distinctly to cortical, but not trabecular bone loss in obesity. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Colditz
- Department of Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Picke
- Department of Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
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10
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Schilperoort M, Bravenboer N, Lim J, Mletzko K, Busse B, van Ruijven L, Kroon J, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S, Winter EM. Circadian disruption by shifting the light-dark cycle negatively affects bone health in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:1052-1064. [PMID: 31914701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901929r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The past decade, it has become evident that circadian rhythms within metabolically active tissues are very important for physical health. However, although shift work has also been associated with an increased risk of fractures, circadian rhythmicity has not yet been extensively studied in bone. Here, we investigated which genes are rhythmically expressed in bone, and whether circadian disruption by shifts in light-dark cycle affects bone turnover and structure in mice. Our results demonstrate diurnal expression patterns of clock genes (Rev-erbα, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Clock), as well as genes involved in osteoclastogenesis, osteoclast proliferation and function (Rankl, Opg, Ctsk), and osteocyte function (c-Fos) in bone. Weekly alternating light-dark cycles disrupted rhythmic clock gene expression in bone and caused a reduction in plasma levels of procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP), suggestive of a reduced bone turnover. These effects coincided with an altered trabecular bone structure and increased cortical mineralization after 15 weeks of light-dark cycles, which may negatively affect bone strength in the long term. Collectively, these results show that a physiological circadian rhythm is important to maintain bone health, which stresses the importance of further investigating the association between shift work and skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joann Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Mletzko
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics (IOBM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics (IOBM), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leo van Ruijven
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kroon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth M Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Inulin supplementation reduces the negative effect of a high-fat diet rich in SFA on bone health of growing pigs. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:1111-1118. [PMID: 29759107 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet, rich in SFA, causes deterioration of bone properties. Some studies suggest that feeding inulin to animals may increase mineral absorption and positively affect bone quality; however, these studies have been carried out only on rodents fed a standard diet. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of inulin on bone health of pigs (using it as an animal model for humans) fed a high-fat diet rich in SFA, having an unbalanced ratio of lysine:metabolisable energy. It was hypothesised that inulin reduces the negative effects of such a diet on bone health. At 50 d of age, twenty-one pigs were randomly allotted to three groups: the control (C) group fed a standard diet, and two experimental (T and TI) groups fed a high-fat diet rich in SFA. Moreover, TI pigs consumed an extra inulin supply (7 % of daily feed intake). After 10 weeks, whole-body bone mineral content (P=0·0054) and bone mineral density (P=0·0322) were higher in pigs of groups TI and C compared with those of group T. Femur bone mineral density was highest in pigs in group C, lower in group TI and lowest in group T (P=0·001). Femurs of pigs in groups TI and C had similar, but higher, maximum strength compared with femurs of pigs in group T (P=0·0082). In conclusion, consumption of a high-fat diet rich in SFA adversely affected bone health, but inulin supplementation in such a diet diminishes this negative effect.
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12
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Wee NKY, Enriquez RF, Nguyen AD, Horsnell H, Kulkarni R, Khor EC, Herzog H, Baldock PA. Diet-induced obesity suppresses cortical bone accrual by a neuropeptide Y-dependent mechanism. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018. [PMID: 29523877 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether age and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were involved in the skeletal response to extended periods of diet-induced obesity. METHODS Male wild-type (WT) and NPY null (NPYKO) mice were fed a mild (23% fat) high-fat diet for 10 weeks from 6 or 16 weeks of age. Metabolism and bone density were assessed during feeding. Skeletal changes were assessed by microCT and histomorphometry. RESULTS High-fat feeding in 6-week-old WT mice led to significantly increased body weight, adiposity and serum leptin levels, accompanied with markedly suppressed cortical bone accrual. NPYKO mice were less susceptible to fat accrual but, importantly, displayed a complete lack of suppression of bone accrual or cortical bone loss. In contrast, when skeletally mature (16 week old) mice underwent 10 weeks of fat feeding, the metabolic response to HFD was similar to younger mice, however bone mass was not affected in either WT or NPYKO. Thus, growing mice are particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of HFD on bone mass, through suppression of bone accrual involving NPY signalling. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the relationship between the opposing processes of a positive weight/bone relationship and the negative 'metabolic' effect of obesity on bone mass. This negative effect is particularly active in growing skeletons, which have heightened sensitivity to changes in obesity. In addition, NPY is identified as a fundamental driver of this negative 'metabolic' pathway to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Y Wee
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ronaldo F Enriquez
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Amy D Nguyen
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Harry Horsnell
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Rishikesh Kulkarni
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ee Cheng Khor
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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13
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Kerckhofs G, Stegen S, van Gastel N, Sap A, Falgayrac G, Penel G, Durand M, Luyten FP, Geris L, Vandamme K, Parac-Vogt T, Carmeliet G. Simultaneous three-dimensional visualization of mineralized and soft skeletal tissues by a novel microCT contrast agent with polyoxometalate structure. Biomaterials 2018; 159:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Effects of metabolic syndrome on bone mineral density, histomorphometry and remodelling markers in male rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192416. [PMID: 29420594 PMCID: PMC5805301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet on bone mineral density (BMD), histomorphometry and remodelling markers in male rats. Twelve male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks old were randomized into two groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow while the HCHF group was given HCHF diet to induce MetS. Abdominal circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile were measured for the confirmation of MetS. Bone mineral density, histomorphometry and remodelling markers were evaluated for the confirmation of bone loss. The HCHF diet caused central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in male rats. No significant difference was observed in whole body bone mineral content and BMD between the normal and HCHF rats (p>0.05). For bone histomorphometric parameters, HCHF diet-fed animals had significantly lower osteoblast surface, osteoid surface, osteoid volume, and significantly higher eroded surface; resulting in a reduction in trabecular bone volume (p<0.05). Feeding on HCHF diet caused a significantly higher CTX-1 level (p<0.05), but did not cause any significant change in osteocalcin level compared to normal rats (p>0.05). In conclusion, HCHF diet-induced MetS causes imbalance in bone remodelling, leading to the deterioration of trabecular bone structure.
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15
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Tian L, Wang C, Xie Y, Wan S, Zhang K, Yu X. High Fructose and High Fat Exert Different Effects on Changes in Trabecular Bone Micro-structure. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:361-370. [PMID: 29484349 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and high-fructose diet (HFrD) on bone metabolism at different time points, dynamically observe the bone histology and femur trabecular micro-architecture, and analyze the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sixty -Five male 6- to 7-week-old C57BL/6J mice were given HFD, HFrD, or standard diets (SD) for 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) and bone histology were used to measure bone mass and trabecular micro-structure. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of genes related to bone and lipid metabolisms. RESULTS Compared to SD mice, femoral trabecular bone mass was significantly increased in both HFrD mice and HFD mice at 8 weeks, it continued to be higher in HFrD mice at 16 and 24 weeks with the highest level at 16 weeks, but it was significantly decreased in HFD mice at 16 and 24 weeks. HFD mice showed more epididymal fat accumulation than HFrD mice. mRNA expression of Runx2 was up-regulated at 8 and 16 weeks, but down-regulated at 24 weeks similarly in both HFrD mice and HFD mice. mRNA expression of MMP9 and CTSK was up-regulated at 8 and 16 weeks in HFD mice, but down-regulated at 24 weeks in both HFrD mice and HFD mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that the HFrD and HFD had different modulating effects on bone mass. After short-term feeding, both HFrD and HFD showed positive effects on bone mass; however, after long-term feeding, bone mass was decreased in HFD mice. In contrast, the bone mass was first increased and then decreased in the HFrD mice. On the basis of these findings, we speculated that chronic consumption of fat and fructose would exert detrimental effects on bone mass which might a combination action of body mass, fat mass, and bone formation/bone resorption along with proinflammatory factor and bone marrow environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tian
- Xijie Yu, MD, PhD. Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, 610041 Chengdu, P.R. China, E-mail: or , Tel.: +86-28-8542-2362, Fax: +86-28-8542-3459
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16
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Wu X, Huang Z, Wang X, Fu Z, Liu J, Huang Z, Kong G, Xu X, Ding J, Zhu Q. Ketogenic Diet Compromises Both Cancellous and Cortical Bone Mass in Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:412-421. [PMID: 28547346 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To clarify osteoporotic effects of ketogenic diet (KD) on cancellous and cortical bone compared with ovariectomy (OVX) in mice. Forty female C57BL/6J 8-week-old mice were randomly divided into SD+Sham, SD+OVX, KD+Sham, and KD+OVX groups, and fed for 12 weeks. The distal femur of trabecular bone and the middle femur of cortical bone were evaluated with Micro-CT scanning. The maximum bending force and stiffness of the tibia were calculated using a three-point bending test. Osteoblast and osteoclast expression of femur were identified using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), collagen type I (CoLI), and osteocalcin (OCN) staining. A 2-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate effects of KD and OVX on radiological, biomechanical, and histological parameters. KD resulted in not only remarkable cancellous bone decline comparable to OVX, but also unique cortical bone reduction. The maximum bending force and stiffness decreased in the KD+Sham and KD+OVX groups but did not change in the SD+OVX group. The KD+OVX led to significantly higher expression in TRAP and noticeably lower expression in CoLI when compared with other groups. Both KD+Sham and SD+OVX prominently increased expression in TRAP, but decreased expression in CoLI. There was no significant difference in OCN among the four groups. The present results suggest that KD compromises both the cancellous and cortical bone architecture of long bones while OVX only in cancellous bone architecture. A combination of KD and OVX may lead to more bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zucheng Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, LongYan First Hospital, Longyan, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaozong Fu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganggang Kong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyang Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingan Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Rendina-Ruedy E, Smith BJ. Methodological considerations when studying the skeletal response to glucose intolerance using the diet-induced obesity model. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:845. [PMID: 27818742 PMCID: PMC5081001 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise, and as a result, research aimed at understanding the molecular basis for the co-morbidities has become an area of much scientific interest. Among the more recently recognized chronic complications of T2DM is the increased risk of fracture, especially hip fracture, that has been reported independent of bone mineral density (BMD). A widely used animal model to study how the development and progression of impaired glucose tolerance affect the skeleton has been the diet-induce obesity (DIO) model. As the name implies, this model employs the use of a version of high-fat diets to induce obesity and the subsequent metabolic perturbations that occur with T2DM. Although the model offers a number of advantages, the literature reveals some inconsistent results. Upon further review, discrepancies in the choice of the experimental high-fat diets and the control diets have become a point of major concern. The variability between diets and study design has made it difficult to compare data and results across studies. Therefore, this review aims to provide guidelines that should be employed when designing studies using DIO models of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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18
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Kerckhofs G, Durand M, Vangoitsenhoven R, Marin C, Van der Schueren B, Carmeliet G, Luyten FP, Geris L, Vandamme K. Changes in bone macro- and microstructure in diabetic obese mice revealed by high resolution microfocus X-ray computed tomography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35517. [PMID: 27759061 PMCID: PMC5069481 DOI: 10.1038/srep35517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High resolution microfocus X-ray computed tomography (HR-microCT) was employed to characterize the structural alterations of the cortical and trabecular bone in a mouse model of obesity-driven type 2 diabetes (T2DM). C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned for 14 weeks to either a control diet-fed (CTRL) or a high fat diet (HFD)-fed group developing obesity, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. The HFD group showed an increased trabecular thickness and a decreased trabecular number compared to CTRL animals. Midshaft tibia intracortical porosity was assessed at two spatial image resolutions. At 2 μm scale, no change was observed in the intracortical structure. At 1 μm scale, a decrease in the cortical vascular porosity of the HFD bone was evidenced. The study of a group of 8 week old animals corresponding to animals at the start of the diet challenge revealed that the decreased vascular porosity was T2DM-dependant and not related to the ageing process. Our results offer an unprecedented ultra-characterization of the T2DM compromised skeletal micro-architecture and highlight an unrevealed T2DM-related decrease in the cortical vascular porosity, potentially affecting the bone health and fragility. Additionally, it provides some insights into the technical challenge facing the assessment of the rodent bone structure using HR-microCT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kerckhofs
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Durand
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- UMR CNRS 7052, Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires, Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière, 75000 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Département Soutien Médico-Chirurgical des Forces (SMCF), 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - R. Vangoitsenhoven
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C. Marin
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B. Van der Schueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Carmeliet
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F. P. Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Geris
- Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Biomechanics and Engineering Design, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - K. Vandamme
- Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Biomaterials – BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Wee N, Herzog H, Baldock P. 18. Diet-induced obesity alters skeletal microarchitecture and the endocrine activity of bone. HANDBOOK OF NUTRITION AND DIET IN THERAPY OF BONE DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-823-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.K.Y. Wee
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - H. Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - P.A. Baldock
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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20
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Bhatta A, Sangani R, Kolhe R, Toque HA, Cain M, Wong A, Howie N, Shinde R, Elsalanty M, Yao L, Chutkan N, Hunter M, Caldwell RB, Isales C, Caldwell RW, Fulzele S. Deregulation of arginase induces bone complications in high-fat/high-sucrose diet diabetic mouse model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:211-220. [PMID: 26704078 PMCID: PMC4824063 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A balanced diet is crucial for healthy development and prevention of musculoskeletal related diseases. Diets high in fat content are known to cause obesity, diabetes and a number of other disease states. Our group and others have previously reported that activity of the urea cycle enzyme arginase is involved in diabetes-induced dysregulation of vascular function due to decreases in nitric oxide formation. We hypothesized that diabetes may also elevate arginase activity in bone and bone marrow, which could lead to bone-related complications. To test this we determined the effects of diabetes on expression and activity of arginase, in bone and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). We demonstrated that arginase 1 is abundantly present in the bone and BMSCs. We also demonstrated that arginase activity and expression in bone and bone marrow is up-regulated in models of diabetes induced by HFHS diet and streptozotocin (STZ). HFHS diet down-regulated expression of healthy bone metabolism markers (BMP2, COL-1, ALP, and RUNX2) and reduced bone mineral density, bone volume and trabecular thickness. However, treatment with an arginase inhibitor (ABH) prevented these bone-related complications of diabetes. In-vitro study of BMSCs showed that high glucose treatment increased arginase activity and decreased nitric oxide production. These effects were reversed by treatment with an arginase inhibitor (ABH). Our study provides evidence that deregulation of l-arginine metabolism plays a vital role in HFHS diet-induced diabetic complications and that these complications can be prevented by treatment with arginase inhibitors. The modulation of l-arginine metabolism in disease could offer a novel therapeutic approach for osteoporosis and other musculoskeletal related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Bhatta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rajnikumar Sangani
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Departments of Pathology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Michael Cain
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Abby Wong
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nicole Howie
- School of Dentistry, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rahul Shinde
- Departments of Pathology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- School of Dentistry, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Monty Hunter
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Carlos Isales
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - R William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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21
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Scheller EL, Khoury B, Moller KL, Wee NKY, Khandaker S, Kozloff KM, Abrishami SH, Zamarron BF, Singer K. Changes in Skeletal Integrity and Marrow Adiposity during High-Fat Diet and after Weight Loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:102. [PMID: 27512386 PMCID: PMC4961699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has continued to rise over the past three decades leading to significant increases in obesity-related medical care costs from metabolic and non-metabolic sequelae. It is now clear that expansion of body fat leads to an increase in inflammation with systemic effects on metabolism. In mouse models of diet-induced obesity, there is also an expansion of bone marrow adipocytes. However, the persistence of these changes after weight loss has not been well described. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and subsequent weight loss on skeletal parameters in C57Bl6/J mice. Male mice were given a normal chow diet (ND) or 60% HFD at 6 weeks of age for 12, 16, or 20 weeks. A third group of mice was put on HFD for 12 weeks and then on ND for 8 weeks to mimic weight loss. After these dietary challenges, the tibia and femur were removed and analyzed by micro computed-tomography for bone morphology. Decalcification followed by osmium staining was used to assess bone marrow adiposity, and mechanical testing was performed to assess bone strength. After 12, 16, or 20 weeks of HFD, mice had significant weight gain relative to controls. Body mass returned to normal after weight loss. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) volume in the tibia increased after 16 weeks of HFD and persisted in the 20-week HFD group. Weight loss prevented HFD-induced MAT expansion. Trabecular bone volume fraction, mineral content, and number were decreased after 12, 16, or 20 weeks of HFD, relative to ND controls, with only partial recovery after weight loss. Mechanical testing demonstrated decreased fracture resistance after 20 weeks of HFD. Loss of mechanical integrity did not recover after weight loss. Our study demonstrates that HFD causes long-term, persistent changes in bone quality, despite prevention of marrow adipose tissue accumulation, as demonstrated through changes in bone morphology and mechanical strength in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Erica L. Scheller,
| | - Basma Khoury
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kayla L. Moller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie K. Y. Wee
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaima Khandaker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Kozloff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simin H. Abrishami
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian F. Zamarron
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Green tea supplementation benefits body composition and improves bone properties in obese female rats fed with high-fat diet and caloric restricted diet. Nutr Res 2015; 35:1095-105. [PMID: 26525915 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) supplementation on body composition, bone properties, and serum markers in obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a caloric restricted diet (CRD). Forty-eight female rats were fed an HFD ad libitum for 4 months, and then either continued on the HFD or the CRD with or without 0.5% GTP in water. Body composition, bone efficacy, and serum markers were measured. We hypothesized that GTP supplementation would improve body composition, mitigate bone loss, and restore bone microstructure in obese animals fed either HFD or CRD. CRD lowered percent fat mass; bone mass and trabecular number of tibia, femur and lumbar vertebrae; femoral strength; trabecular and cortical thickness of tibia; insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin. CRD also increased percent fat-free mass; trabecular separation of tibia and femur; eroded surface of tibia; bone formation rate and erosion rate at tibia shaft; and adiponectin. GTP supplementation increased femoral mass and strength (P = .026), trabecular thickness (P = .012) and number (P = .019), and cortical thickness of tibia (P < .001), and decreased trabecular separation (P = .021), formation rate (P < .001), and eroded surface (P < .001) at proximal tibia, and insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin. There were significant interactions (diet type × GTP) on osteoblast surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate at periosteal and endocortical bones, periosteal bone formation rate, and trabecular thickness at femur and lumbar vertebrate (P < .05). This study demonstrates that GTP supplementation for 4 months benefited body composition and improved bone microstructure and strength in obese rats fed with HFD or HFD followed by CRD diet.
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Ren L, Yang P, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ding C, Shang P. Biomechanical and biophysical environment of bone from the macroscopic to the pericellular and molecular level. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 50:104-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Feng W, Liu B, Liu D, Hasegawa T, Wang W, Han X, Cui J, Yimin, Oda K, Amizuka N, Li M. Long-Term Administration of High-Fat Diet Corrects Abnormal Bone Remodeling in the Tibiae of Interleukin-6-Deficient Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 64:42-53. [PMID: 26416243 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415611931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of diet-induced obesity on IL-6 deficiency-induced bone remodeling abnormality. Seven-week-old IL-6(-/-) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates were fed a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 25 weeks. Lipid formation and bone metabolism in mice tibiae were investigated by histochemical analysis. Both IL-6(-/-) and WT mice fed the HFD showed notable body weight gain, thickened cortical bones, and adipose accumulation in the bone marrow. Notably, the HFD normalized the bone phenotype of IL-6(-/-) mice to that of their WT counterpart, as characterized by a decrease in bone mass and the presence of an obliquely arranged, plate-like morphology in the trabecular bone. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expressions were attenuated in both genotypes after HFD feeding, especially for the IL-6(-/-) mice. Meanwhile, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was inhibited, osteoclast apoptosis rate down-regulated (revealed by TUNEL assay), and the proportion of cathepsin K (CK)-positive osteoclasts significantly increased in IL-6(-/-) mice on a HFD as compared with IL-6(-/-) mice on standard chow. Our results demonstrate that HFD-induced obesity reverses IL-6 deficiency-associated bone metabolic disorders by suppressing osteoblast activity, upregulating osteoclastic activity, and inhibiting osteoclast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China (WF, BL, DL, WW, XH, JC, ML)
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China (WF, BL, DL, WW, XH, JC, ML)
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China (WF, BL, DL, WW, XH, JC, ML)
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan(TH, NA)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China (WF, BL, DL, WW, XH, JC, ML)
| | - Xiuchun Han
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China (WF, BL, DL, WW, XH, JC, ML)
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China (WF, BL, DL, WW, XH, JC, ML)
| | - Yimin
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Y)
| | - Kimimitsu Oda
- Division of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (KO)
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan(TH, NA)
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China (WF, BL, DL, WW, XH, JC, ML)
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Kauschke V, Kneffel M, Floel W, Hartmann S, Kampschulte M, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Schnettler R, Heiss C, Lips KS. Bone status of acetylcholinesterase-knockout mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:222-30. [PMID: 26250336 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyzes acetylcholine (ACh) to acetate and choline and thereby terminates nerve impulse transmission. ACh is also expressed in bone tissue and enhances here proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, which makes it interesting to investigate effects of AChE deficiency on bone. To our knowledge, this is the first study that analyzed bone of heterozygous acetylcholinesterase-knockout (AChE-KO) mice. Tibia, femur, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of 16-week-old female heterozygous AChE-KO mice and their corresponding wildtypes (WT) were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biomechanics, micro-computed tomography, histology and histomorphometry. Our data revealed that heterozygous AChE-KO did not cause negative effects upon bone parameters analyzed. In contrast, the number of osteoclasts per perimeter was significantly reduced in lumbar vertebrae. In addition, we found a significant decrease in trabecular perimeter of lumbar vertebrae and cortical area fraction (Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar) in the mid-diaphysis of femurs of AChE-KO mice compared to their WT. Therefore, presumably a local homozygous knockout of AChE or AChE-inhibitor administration might be beneficial for bone formation due to ACh accumulation. However, many other bone parameters analyzed did not differ statistically significantly between AChE-KO and WT mice. That might be reasoned by the compensating effect of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Kauschke
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Kneffel
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Floel
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Medical Faculty, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Medical Faculty, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolph-Buchheimstr. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolph-Buchheimstr. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Increase in osteoclastogenesis in an obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat model. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3874-3880. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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