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Di W, Zhao A, Li X, Chen J, Dai Y, Li J, Lei W, Yang Y, Lu H. Pterostilbene protects against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress by regulating GAS6/Axl signaling in HL-1 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3956. [PMID: 38403920 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTE, trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene), a natural plant polyphenol, possesses numerous pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, and neuroprotective aspects. This study aims to investigate whether PTE plays a protective role against oxidative stress injury by GAS6/Axl signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress HL-1 cells were used as models. The mechanism by which PTE protected oxidative stress is investigated by combining cell viability, cell ROS levels, apoptosis assay, molecular docking, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis. GAS6 shRNA was performed to investigate the involvement of GAS6/Axl pathways in PTE's protective role. The results showed that PTE treatment improved the cell morphology and viability, and inhibited the apoptosis rate and ROS levels in H2 O2 -injured HL-1 cells. Particularly, PTE treatment upregulated the levels of GAS6, Axl, and markers related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function related. Molecular docking showed that PTE and GAS6 have good binding ability. Taken together, PTE plays a protective role against oxidative stress injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis and improving mitochondrial function. Particularly, GAS6/Axl axis is the surprisingly prominent in the PTE-mediated pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aizhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Yongbin Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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Mendonça ELSS, Xavier JA, Fragoso MBT, Silva MO, Escodro PB, Oliveira ACM, Tucci P, Saso L, Goulart MOF. E-Stilbenes: General Chemical and Biological Aspects, Potential Pharmacological Activity Based on the Nrf2 Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:232. [PMID: 38399446 PMCID: PMC10891666 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are phytoalexins, and their biosynthesis can occur through a natural route (shikimate precursor) or an alternative route (in microorganism cultures). The latter is a metabolic engineering strategy to enhance production due to stilbenes recognized pharmacological and medicinal potential. It is believed that in the human body, these potential activities can be modulated by the regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 (Nrf2), which increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Given this, our review aims to critically analyze evidence regarding E-stilbenes in human metabolism and the Nrf2 activation pathway, with an emphasis on inflammatory and oxidative stress aspects related to the pathophysiology of chronic and metabolic diseases. In this comprehensive literature review, it can be observed that despite the broad number of stilbenes, those most frequently explored in clinical trials and preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) were resveratrol, piceatannol, pterostilbene, polydatin, stilbestrol, and pinosylvin. In some cases, depending on the dose/concentration and chemical nature of the stilbene, it was possible to identify activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, the use of some experimental models presented a challenge in comparing results. In view of the above, it can be suggested that E-stilbenes have a relationship with the Nrf2 pathway, whether directly or indirectly, through different biological pathways, and in different diseases or conditions that are mainly related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine L. S. S. Mendonça
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (E.L.S.S.M.); (M.O.S.)
| | - Jadriane A. Xavier
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, UFAL, Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (J.A.X.); (M.B.T.F.)
| | - Marilene B. T. Fragoso
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, UFAL, Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (J.A.X.); (M.B.T.F.)
| | - Messias O. Silva
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (E.L.S.S.M.); (M.O.S.)
| | | | | | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marília O. F. Goulart
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (E.L.S.S.M.); (M.O.S.)
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Goudarzi MA, Sohrabi Z, Hashempur MH, Nosratabadi S, Namkhah Z, Clark CCT, Haghighat N. Does the Grape Products Intake has an Effect on Body Weight in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:121-134. [PMID: 38141198 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501272740231219072525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing interest in the considerable benefits of grape products intake, as some studies have indicated that they may improve cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the widespread impact of grape products on the anthropometric indices is not fully resolved. METHOD The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of grape products intake on anthropometric indices in adults. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) examining the effects of grape products intake on anthropometric indices, published up to December 2021, were identified through PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science databases. 30 studies with 35 effect sizes, including 1284 participants (708 cases and 576 controls), were included and analyzed using a random-effects model to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULT The outcomes have revealed grape products intake to significantly decrease body weight (p = 0.001) and body mass index (p = 0.004) in obese participants, and also, a greater effect was observed when grape seed extract was used. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that grape products intake may help to decrease body weight in obese participants. Future large RCTs with longer duration and obese populations are needed to expand our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 0098, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nosratabadi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Namkhah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, U.K
| | - Neda Haghighat
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dutta BJ, Rakshe PS, Maurya N, Chib S, Singh S. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of natural stilbene: Exploring pterostilbene as a powerful ally against aging and cognitive decline. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102125. [PMID: 37979699 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of natural stilbenes, with a particular focus on pterostilbene (PTE), has emerged as a promising avenue of research targeting age-associated conditions encompassing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cognitive decline. This comprehensive investigation delves into the intricate mechanisms through which PTE, a polyphenolic compound abundant in grapes and blueberries, exerts its advantageous effects as an anti-aging agent. Central to its action is the modulation of hallmark aging processes, including oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, telomere attrition, and cellular senescence. PTE's ability to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier amplifies its potential for safeguarding neural health, thereby facilitating the regulation of neuronal signalling cascades, synaptic plasticity, and mitochondrial functionality. Through engagement with sirtuin proteins, it orchestrates cellular resilience, longevity, and metabolic equilibrium. Encouraging findings from preclinical studies portray PTE as a robust candidate for counteracting age-linked cognitive decline, augmenting memory consolidation, and potentially ameliorating neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The synthesis of current scientific insights accentuates the promising translational prospects of PTE as a potent, naturally derived therapeutic agent against cognitive impairments associated with aging. Consequently, these collective findings lay a solid groundwork for forthcoming clinical inquiries and innovative therapeutic interventions in this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Pratik Shankar Rakshe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Niyogita Maurya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Badal - Bathinda Rd, Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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Jiang Q, Wang L, Si X, Bian Y, Zhang W, Cui H, Gui H, Zhang Y, Li B, Tan D. Pterostilbene antagonizes homocysteine-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and lipid deposition in vascular endothelial cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Özyalçın B, Sanlier N. Antiobesity pathways of pterostilbene and resveratrol: a comprehensive insight. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37486219 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2238319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
It may not always be possible for obese individuals to limit energy intake or to provide and/or maintain greater energy expenditure through exercise and physical activity. Therefore, the search for effective methods for obesity continues. Recently, the anti-obesity effect of stilbenes has attracted attention. In this review, aim was evaluating the effect of pterostilbene and resveratrol against obesity and the possible mechanisms in this effect. Dietary phytochemicals can induce body weight loss by increasing basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis and/or altering lipid metabolism. Stilbenes are products of the plant phenylpropanoid pathway. Very important mechanisms for the anti-obesity impact belonging to resveratrol as well as pterostilbene include thermogenic activation in brown adipose tissue alongside the browning of white adipose tissue. Considering nutrition and dietary habits, which have an important place in lifestyle changes for both the prevention and the treatment of obesity, pterostilbene and resveratrol, which are polyphenols and stilbenes, are seen as promising. However, optimal dose, duration, mechanism, long-term safety, side effects, combination, elucidation of genomic interactions, and lifestyle modifications should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Özyalçın
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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Damgaard MV, Treebak JT. What is really known about the effects of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in humans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4862. [PMID: 37478182 PMCID: PMC10361580 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside is a precursor to the important cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and has elicited metabolic benefits in multiple preclinical studies. In 2016, the first clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside was conducted to test the safety and efficacy of human supplementation. Many trials have since been conducted aiming to delineate benefits to metabolic health and severe diseases in humans. This review endeavors to summarize and critically assess the 25 currently published research articles on human nicotinamide riboside supplementation to identify any poorly founded claims and assist the field in elucidating the actual future potential for nicotinamide riboside. Collectively, oral nicotinamide riboside supplementation has displayed few clinically relevant effects, and there is an unfortunate tendency in the literature to exaggerate the importance and robustness of reported effects. Even so, nicotinamide riboside may play a role in the reduction of inflammatory states and has shown some potential in the treatment of diverse severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V. Damgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Rosiak N, Tykarska E, Cielecka-Piontek J. Amorphous Pterostilbene Delivery Systems Preparation-Innovative Approach to Preparation Optimization. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041231. [PMID: 37111715 PMCID: PMC10145601 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our research was to improve the solubility and antioxidant activity of pterostilbene (PTR) by developing a novel amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) with Soluplus® (SOL). DSC analysis and mathematical models were used to select the three appropriate PTR and SOL weight ratios. The amorphization process was carried out by a low-cost and green approach involving dry milling. An XRPD analysis confirmed the full amorphization of systems in 1:2 and 1:5 weight ratios. One glass transition (Tg) observed in DSC thermograms confirmed the complete miscibility of the systems. The mathematical models indicated strong heteronuclear interactions. SEM micrographs suggest dispersed PTR within the SOL matrix and a lack of PTR crystallinity, and showed that after the amorphization process, PTR-SOL systems had a smaller particle size and larger surface area compared with PTR and SOL. An FT-IR analysis confirmed that hydrogen bonds were responsible for stabilizing the amorphous dispersion. HPLC studies showed no decomposition of PTR after the milling process. PTR's apparent solubility and antioxidant activity after introduction into ASD increased compared to the pure compound. The amorphization process improved the apparent solubility by ~37-fold and ~28-fold for PTR-SOL, 1:2 and 1:5 w/w, respectively. The PTR-SOL 1:2 w/w system was preferred due to it having the best solubility and antioxidant activity (ABTS: IC50 of 56.389 ± 0.151 µg·mL-1 and CUPRAC: IC0.5 of 82.52 ± 0.88 µg·mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rosiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka St., 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Paulose S, Mundkur L. A Short-Term Safety Evaluation of Silbinol ®- an Extract from Pterocarpus marsupium in Healthy Adults- a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231198312. [PMID: 37671486 PMCID: PMC10483972 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231198312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pterostilbene is an active molecule from the bark of the Pterocarpus marsupium tree with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical safety of a standardized P. marsupium extract (PME) containing 90% pterostilbene (200 mg per day) in healthy adults. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 healthy adult participants (27 males and 33 females) were randomized to receive PME-100 mg or placebo capsule twice a day for two months. The primary objectives of the study were to assess any changes in laboratory parameters, vital signs, and the occurrence of adverse events from screening to the final visit. Serum antioxidant enzyme levels were evaluated as a secondary outcome. Results: The hematological, lipid, glycemic, thyroid profiles and liver and renal functions remained within the normal range in all participants, with no difference between PME and placebo. Vital signs, including blood pressure, pulse rate, body weight, body mass index and electrocardiogram, did not reveal any significant differences between the PME and placebo groups at the beginning and end of the study. No serious adverse events were observed in any participant throughout the study period. The serum antioxidant profile was not significantly different between the treatment groups, although the glutathione levels were relatively higher in the PME group. Conclusions: Scientific evaluation of clinical safety of standardized extract is mandatory for its use as a supplement for various health benefits. The results of this study convincingly establish the safety of PME (>90% Pterostilbene) at 200 mg/day (100 mg bid) for human use. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Bangalore with the registration number CTRI/2019/08/020736.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Majeed
- Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Sabinsa Corporation, East Windsor, NJ, USA
| | | | - Shaji Paulose
- ClinWorld- The clinical research unit of Sami-Sabinsa Group Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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New Insights into Dietary Pterostilbene: Sources, Metabolism, and Health Promotion Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196316. [PMID: 36234852 PMCID: PMC9571692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTS), a compound most abundantly found in blueberries, is a natural analog of resveratrol. Several plant species, such as peanuts and grapes, produce PTS. While resveratrol has been extensively studied for its antioxidant properties, recent evidence also points out the diverse therapeutic potential of PTS. Several studies have identified the robust pharmacodynamic features of PTS, including better intestinal absorption and elevated hepatic stability than resveratrol. Indeed, due to its higher bioavailability paired with reduced toxicity compared to other stilbenes, PTS has become an attractive drug candidate for the treatment of several disease conditions, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. This review article provides an extensive summary of the nutraceutical potential of PTS in various disease conditions while discussing the crucial mechanistic pathways implicated. In particular, we share insights from our studies about the Nrf2-mediated effect of PTS in diabetes and associated complications. Moreover, we elucidate the important sources of PTS and discuss in detail its pharmacokinetics and the range of formulations and routes of administration used across experimental studies and human clinical trials. Furthermore, this review also summarizes the strategies successfully used to improve dietary availability and the bio-accessibility of PTS.
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Pterostilbene improves CFA-induced arthritis and peripheral neuropathy through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters in Wistar rats. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2285-2300. [PMID: 36138303 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a stilbene flavonoid that occurs naturally in various plants as well as produced by genetic engineering. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective activities. This research was aimed to determine the potential of pterostilbene against arthritis and peripheral neuropathy in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. Rat hind paw was injected with 0.1 ml CFA to induce arthritis. Standard control animals received oral methotrexate (3 mg/kg/week). Pterostilbene at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg was given orally to different groups of arthritic rats from day 7-28 for 21 days. Pterostilbene significantly reduced paw diameter and retarded the decrease in body weight of arthritic rats. It profoundly (p < 0.05-0.0001) reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrites, while increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver tissue. Pterostilbene treatment significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Pterostilbene markedly improved (p < 0.05-0.001) motor activity and showed analgesic effect in arthritic rats at 25 and 50 mg/kg as compared to disease control rats. Furthermore, it notably (p < 0.05-0.0001) increased SOD activity, nitrites, noradrenaline and serotonin levels in the sciatic nerve of arthritic rats. Treatment with pterostilbene also ameliorated the CFA-induced pannus formation, cartilage damage and synovial hyperplasia in the arthritic rat paws. It is determined from the current study that pterostilbene was effective in reducing CFA-induced arthritis in rats through amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. It was also effective to treat peripheral neuropathy through modulation of oxidative stress and neurotransmitters in sciatic nerves.
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Zhang L, Tian G, Huang L, Zhou M, Zhu J, Yi L, Mi M. Pterostilbene attenuates intestinal epithelial barrier loss induced by high loading intensity of exercise. Front Nutr 2022; 9:965180. [PMID: 35990348 PMCID: PMC9386544 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.965180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggested that high loading intensity of exercise might be detrimental to human health, especially the gastrointestinal tract. Pterostilbene (PTE), derived from grapes and blueberries, might reach a high concentration of intestinal contents. Our study aimed to evaluate PTE’s ability to prevent the loss of intestinal epithelial barrier in high loading intensity of exercise. The exercise model was established by the forced running of mice. An effective HPLC-UV method was developed to quantify PTE concentration in intestinal content. The mRNA changes were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The structure of intestinal flora was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The PTE (100 mg/kg/d) could significantly attenuate exercise-induced intestinal epithelial barrier loss. Moreover, the HPLC-UV assay showed that the PTE concentration of intestinal content could last 12 h. Furthermore, the exercise increased the abundance of Alistipes, which was related to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production but could not be reversed by PTE intervention. Besides, cell experiments showed that PTE could promote the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) molecules in vitro. In conclusion, PTE has a significant interest in preventing exercise-induced intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guoliang Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Long Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Sherafati J, Dayer MS, Ghaffarifar F. Therapeutic effects of Lucilia sericata larval excretion/secretion products on Leishmania major under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:212. [PMID: 35710519 PMCID: PMC9204886 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The disease generally manifests as characteristic skin lesions which require lengthy treatment with antimonial drugs that are often associated with adverse side effects. Therefore, a number of studies have focused on natural compounds as promising drugs for its treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of larval excretion/secretion products (ES) of Lucilia sericata in crude and fractionated forms on Leishmania major, by using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods The in vitro experiments involved evaluation of ES on both promastigotes and macrophage-engulfed amastigotes, whereas the in vivo experiments included comparative treatments of skin lesions in L. major-infected mice with Eucerin-formulated ES and Glucantime. Results The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of the crude ES, > 10-kDa ES fraction, < 10-kDa ES fraction, and Glucantime were 38.7 μg/ml, 47.6 μg/ml, 63.3 μg/ml, and 29.1 μg/ml, respectively. Significant differences were observed between percentage viabilities of promastigotes treated with the crude ES and its fractions compared with the negative control (P < 0.0001). The crude ES was more effective on amastigotes than the two ES fractions at 300 μg/ml. The macroscopic measurements revealed that the reduction of lesion size in mice treated with the crude ES followed quicker cascades of healing than that of mice treated with Glucantime and the ES fractions. Conclusions The present study showed that the larval ES of L. sericata in both crude and fractionated forms are effective for both intracellular and extracellular forms of L. major. Also, the ES exert both topical and systemic effects on mice experimentally infected with L. major. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jila Sherafati
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Saaid Dayer
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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14
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Tabrizi FB, Yarmohammadi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. The modulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 by natural compounds as a therapeutic target in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22946. [PMID: 34747550 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent antitumor agent with a broad spectrum of activity; however, irreversible cardiotoxicity resulting from DOX treatment is a major issue that limits its therapeutic use. Sirtuins (SIRTs) play an essential role in several physiological and pathological processes including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. It has been reported that SIRT1 and SIRT3 can act as a protective molecular against DOX-induced myocardial injury through targeting numerous signaling pathways. Several natural compounds (NCs), such as resveratrol, sesamin, and berberine, with antioxidative, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptotic effects were evaluated for their potential to suppress the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX via targeting SIRT1 and SIRT3. Numerous NCs exerted their therapeutic effects on DOX-mediated cardiac damage via targeting different signaling pathways, including SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK, SIRT1/PGC-1α, SIRT1/NLRP3, and SIRT3/FoxO. SIRT3 also ameliorates cardiotoxicity by enhancing mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh B Tabrizi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Modifications in the Intestinal Functionality, Morphology and Microbiome Following Intra-Amniotic Administration ( Gallus gallus) of Grape ( Vitis vinifera) Stilbenes (Resveratrol and Pterostilbene). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093247. [PMID: 34579124 PMCID: PMC8466538 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This efficacy trial evaluated the effects of two polyphenolic stilbenes, resveratrol and pterostilbene, mostly found in grapes, on the brush border membrane functionality, morphology and gut microbiome. This study applied the validated Gallus gallus intra-amniotic approach to investigate the effects of stilbene administration versus the controls. Three treatment groups (5% resveratrol; 5% pterostilbene; and synergistic: 4.75% resveratrol and 0.25% pterostilbene) and three controls (18 MΩ H2O; no injection; 5% inulin) were employed. We observed beneficial morphological changes, specifically an increase in the villus length, diameter, depth of crypts and goblet cell diameter in the pterostilbene and synergistic groups, with concomitant increases in the serum iron and zinc concentrations. Further, the alterations in gene expression of the mineral metabolism proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines indicate a potential improvement in gut health and mineral bioavailability. The cecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. A lower α-diversity was observed in the synergistic group compared with the other treatment groups. However, beneficial compositional and functional alterations in the gut microbiome were detected. Several key microbial metabolic pathways were differentially enriched in the pterostilbene treatment group. These observations demonstrate a significant bacterial–host interaction that contributed to enhancements in intestinal functionality, morphology and physiological status. Our data demonstrate a novel understanding of the nutritional benefits of dietary stilbenes and their effects on intestinal functionality, morphology and gut microbiota in vivo.
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Koh YC, Ho CT, Pan MH. Recent Advances in Health Benefits of Stilbenoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10036-10057. [PMID: 34460268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological targeting or molecular targeting is the main strategy in drug development and disease prevention. However, the problem of "off-targets" cannot be neglected. Naturally derived drugs are preferred over synthetic compounds in pharmaceutical markets, and the main goals are high effectiveness, lower cost, and fewer side effects. Single-target drug binding may be the major cause of failure, as the pathogenesis of diseases is predominantly multifactorial. Naturally derived drugs are advantageous because they are expected to have multitarget effects, but not off-targets, in disease prevention or therapeutic actions. The capability of phytochemicals to modulate molecular signals in numerous diseases has been widely discussed. Among them, stilbenoids, especially resveratrol, have been well-studied, along with their potential molecular targets, including AMPK, Sirt1, NF-κB, PKC, Nrf2, and PPARs. The analogues of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and hydroxylated-pterostilbene may have similar, if not more, potential biological targeting effects compared with their original counterpart. Furthermore, new targets that have been discussed in recent studies are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan 404
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan 413
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17
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Sun J, Ding W, Liu X, Zhao M, Xi B. Serum metabolites of hypertension among Chinese adolescents aged 12-17 years. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 36:925-932. [PMID: 34480101 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms of hypertension in youth are incompletely understood. We aimed to identify potential serum metabolic alterations associated with hypertension in adolescents. A 1:1 age- and sex-matched case-control study including 30 hypertensive adolescents aged 12-17 years and 30 normotensive adolescents for the training set and 14 hypertensive adolescents and 14 normotensive adolescents for the test set was performed, which came from one cross-sectional study in Ningxia, China. Hypertension was defined based on blood pressure (BP) values measured on three different occasions according to the BP reference of Chinese children and adolescents. Untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify differential metabolites between hypertensive and normotensive adolescents. A total of 77 metabolites in positive mode and 101 in negative mode were identified (VIP > 1.0 and P < 0.05). After adjustment for the false discovery rate, 4 differential metabolites in positive mode and 10 in negative mode were found (Q value < 0.05). The logistic regression model adjusted for body mass index and lipid profile selected four significant metabolites (4-hydroxybutanoic acid, L-serine, acetone, and pterostilbene). The main metabolic pathways of amino acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism may contribute to the development of hypertension in Chinese adolescents. Based on the receiver operating characteristic plot, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, L-serine, acetone, and pterostilbene may preliminarily help distinguish hypertension from normal BP in adolescents, with AUC values of 0.857 in the training set and 0.934 in the test set. The identified metabolites and pathways may foster a better understanding of hypertension pathogenesis in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqing Ding
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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18
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Wang A J, Zhang J, Xiao M, Wang S, Wang B J, Guo Y, Tang Y, Gu J. Molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: novel roles of sirtuin 1-mediated signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3105-3125. [PMID: 33438055 PMCID: PMC11072696 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, short-term and long-term cardiotoxicity limits the clinical application of DOX. Currently, dexrazoxane is the only approved treatment by the United States Food and Drug Administration to prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, a recent study found that pre-treatment with dexrazoxane could not fully improve myocardial toxicity of DOX. Therefore, further targeted cardioprotective prophylaxis and treatment strategies are an urgent requirement for cancer patients receiving DOX treatment to reduce the occurrence of cardiotoxicity. Accumulating evidence manifested that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) could play a crucially protective role in heart diseases. Recently, numerous studies have concentrated on the role of SIRT1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which might be related to the activity and deacetylation of SIRT1 downstream targets. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the recent advances related to the protective effects, mechanisms, and deficiencies in clinical application of SIRT1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Also, the pharmaceutical preparations that activate SIRT1 and affect DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have been listed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang A
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Wang B
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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19
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Gómez-Zorita S, Milton-Laskíbar I, Aguirre L, Fernández-Quintela A, Xiao J, Portillo MP. Effects of Pterostilbene on Diabetes, Liver Steatosis and Serum Lipids. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:238-252. [PMID: 31663469 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191029112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene, a phenolic compound derived from resveratrol, possesses greater bioavailability than its parent compound due to the presence of two methoxyl groups. In this review, the beneficial effects of pterostilbene on diabetes, liver steatosis and dyslipidemia are summarized. Pterostilbene is a useful bioactive compound in preventing type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in animal models. Concerning type 1 diabetes, the main mechanisms described to justify the positive effects of this phenolic compound are increased liver glycogen content and hepatic glucokinase and phosphofructokinase activities, the recovery of pancreatic islet architecture, cytoprotection and a decrease in serum and pancreatic pro-inflammatory cytokines. As for type 2 diabetes, increased liver glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase and decreased fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activities are reported. When insulin resistance is induced by diets, a greater activation of insulin signaling cascade has been reported, increased cardiotrophin-1 levels and liver glucokinase and glucose- 6-phosphatase activities, and a decreased fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activity. Data concerning pterostilbene and liver steatosis are scarce so far, but the reduction in oxidative stress induced by pterostilbene may be involved since oxidative stress is related to the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis. Finally, pterostilbene effectively reduces total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels, while increases HDL-cholesterol in animal models of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Iñaki Milton-Laskíbar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - María P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
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20
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Otręba M, Kośmider L, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Polyphenols' Cardioprotective Potential: Review of Rat Fibroblasts as Well as Rat and Human Cardiomyocyte Cell Lines Research. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040774. [PMID: 33546142 PMCID: PMC7913231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 31% of global deaths. A reduction in mortality can be achieved by promoting a healthy lifestyle, developing prevention strategies, and developing new therapies. Polyphenols are present in food and drinks such as tea, cocoa, fruits, berries, and vegetables. These compounds have strong antioxidative properties, which might have a cardioprotective effect. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential of polyphenols in cardioprotective use based on in vitro human and rat cardiomyocytes as well as fibroblast research. Based on the papers discussed in this review, polyphenols have the potential for cardioprotective use due to their multilevel points of action which include, among others, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, and vasodilatory. Polyphenols may have potential use in new and effective preventions or therapies for cardiovascular diseases, yet more clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-364-11-80
| | - Leon Kośmider
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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21
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Weaver SR, Rendeiro C, McGettrick HM, Philp A, Lucas SJE. Fine wine or sour grapes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of red wine polyphenols on vascular health. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1-28. [PMID: 32303823 PMCID: PMC7867547 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Red wine polyphenols (RWP) are plant-based molecules that have been extensively studied in relation to their protective effects on vascular health in both animals and humans. The aim of this review was to quantify and compare the efficacy of RWP and pure resveratrol on outcomes measures of vascular health and function in both animals and humans. METHODS Comprehensive database searches were carried out through PubMed, Web of Science and OVID for randomised, placebo-controlled studies in both animals and humans. Meta-analyses were carried out on acute and chronic studies of RWP in humans, alongside sub-group analysis where possible. Risk-of-bias assessment was carried out for all included studies based on randomisation, allocation, blinding, outcome data reporting, and other biases. RESULTS 48 animal and 37 human studies were included in data extraction following screening. Significant improvements in measures of blood pressure and vascular function following RWP were seen in 84% and 100% of animal studies, respectively. Human studies indicated significant improvements in systolic blood pressure overall (- 2.6 mmHg, 95% CI: [- 4.8, - 0.4]), with a greater improvement in pure-resveratrol studies alone (- 3.7 mmHg, 95% CI: [- 7.3, - 0.0]). No significant effects of RWP were seen in diastolic blood pressure or flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. CONCLUSION RWP have the potential to improve vascular health in at risk human populations, particularly in regard to lowering systolic blood pressure; however, such benefits are not as prevalent as those observed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Weaver
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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de Morais JMB, Cruz EMS, da Rosa CVD, Cesário RC, Comar JF, Moreira CCL, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF. Pterostilbene influences glycemia and lipidemia and enhances antioxidant status in the liver of rats that consumed sucrose solution. Life Sci 2021; 269:119048. [PMID: 33453246 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the potential effects of pterostilbene (PT) on glycemic and lipid profiles, fat storage, cardiovascular indices, and hepatic parameters of rats fed with sucrose solution. MAIN METHODS 24 male Wistar rats received either drinking water or a 40% sucrose solution over a period of 140 days. After this period, animals were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6): Control (C), C + Pterostilbene (PT), Sucrose (S), and S + PT. Pterostilbene (40 mg/kg) was given orally for 45 consecutive days. KEY FINDINGS Pterostilbene did not influence morphometric and nutritional parameters. The insulin sensitivity index TyG was elevated in the C + PT group (p < 0.01) and reduced in S + PT group (p < 0.05). Basal glucose levels were lower in the S + PT group (p < 0.05), and the glycemic response was improved with PT treatment in glucose provocative tests. Conversely, rats from the C + PT group showed impaired glucose disposal during those tests. Lipid profile was partially improved by PT treatment. Hepatic oxidative stress in the S group was improved after PT treatment. In the C group, PT reduced SOD activity, glutathione levels, and increased catalase activity. Collagen content was reduced by PT treatment. SIGNIFICANCE PT effects depends on the type of diet the animals were submitted. In rats fed with sucrose-solution, PT confirmed its positive effects, improving glucose and lipid profile, and acting as a potent antioxidant. The effects of PT on rats that consumed a normal diet were very discrete or even undesirable. We suggest caution with indiscriminate consume of natural compounds by healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vinícius Dalto da Rosa
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberta Carvalho Cesário
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil; Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Paraná, Brazil.
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23
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Otręba M, Kośmider L, Stojko J, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Cardioprotective Activity of Selected Polyphenols Based on Epithelial and Aortic Cell Lines. A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225343. [PMID: 33207683 PMCID: PMC7698279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have recently gained popularity among the general public as products and diets classified as healthy and containing naturally occurring phenols. Many polyphenolic extracts are available on the market as dietary supplements, functional foods, or cosmetics, taking advantage of clients' desire to live a healthier and longer life. However, due to the difficulty of discovering the in vivo functions of polyphenols, most of the research focuses on in vitro studies. In this review, we focused on the cardioprotective activity of different polyphenols as possible candidates for use in cardiovascular disease therapy and for improving the quality of life of patients. Thus, the studies, which were mainly based on endothelial cells, aortic cells, and some in vivo studies, were analyzed. Based on the reviewed articles, polyphenols have a few points of action, including inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, decrease in reactive oxygen species production and endothelial tube formation, stimulation of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived mediator release, and others, which lead to their cardio- and/or vasoprotective effects on endothelial cells. The obtained results suggest positive effects of polyphenols, but more long-term in vivo studies demonstrating effects on mechanism of action, sensitivity, and specificity or efficacy are needed before legal health claims can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Leon Kośmider
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department of Toxicology and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogorska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jednosci 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Silva AS, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Süntar I, Sureda A, Belwal T, Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Rastrelli L, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Battino M, Filosa R, Daglia M, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Evaluation of the status quo of polyphenols analysis: Part I-phytochemistry, bioactivity, interactions, and industrial uses. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3191-3218. [PMID: 33337062 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals, especially polyphenols, are gaining more attention from both the scientific community and food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries due to their implications in human health. In this line, lately new applications have emerged, and of great importance is the selection of accurate and reliable analytical methods for better evaluation of the quality of the end-products, which depends on diverse process variables as well as on the matrices and on the physicochemical properties of different polyphenols. The first of a two-part review on polyphenols will address the phytochemistry and biological activities of different classes of polyphenols including flavonoids, lignans and flavanolignans, stilbenoids, tannins, curcuminoids, and coumarins. Moreover, the possible interactions of polyphenols and current and potential industrial applications of polyphenols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.,Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, E32004, Spain
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, SA, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition & Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, China
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Feeding brown fat: dietary phytochemicals targeting non-shivering thermogenesis to control body weight. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:338-356. [PMID: 32290888 PMCID: PMC7663322 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive adipose accumulation, which is the main driver for the development of secondary metabolic complications, has reached epidemic proportions and combined pharmaceutical, educational and nutritional approaches are required to reverse the current rise in global obesity prevalence rates. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique organ able to dissipate energy and thus a promising target to enhance BMR to counteract a positive energy balance. In addition, active BAT might support body weight maintenance after weight loss to prevent/reduce relapse. Natural products deliver valuable bioactive compounds that have historically helped to alleviate disease symptoms. Interest in recent years has focused on identifying nutritional constituents that are able to induce BAT activity and thereby enhance energy expenditure. This review provides a summary of selected dietary phytochemicals, including isoflavones, catechins, stilbenes, the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and resveratrol as well as the alkaloids berberine and capsaicin. Most of the discussed phytochemicals act through distinct molecular pathways e.g. sympathetic nerve activation, AMP-kinase signalling, SIRT1 activity or stimulation of oestrogen receptors. Thus, it might be possible to utilise this multitude of pathways to co-activate BAT using a fine-tuned combination of foods or combined nutritional supplements.
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26
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Wu WY, Ding XQ, Gu TT, Guo WJ, Jiao RQ, Song L, Sun Y, Pan Y, Kong LD. Pterostilbene Improves Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via the MiR-34a/Sirt1/SREBP-1 Pathway in Fructose-Fed Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1436-1446. [PMID: 31927917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High fructose intake promotes hepatic lipid accumulation. Pterostilbene, a natural analogue of resveratrol found in diet berries, exhibits a hepatoprotective property. Here, we studied the protection by pterostilbene against fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and explored its possible mechanism. We observed a high expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a, P < 0.05) and a low expression of its target, sirtuin1 (Sirt1, mRNA: P < 0.01; protein: P < 0.001), with the overactivation of downstream sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) lipogenic pathway (nuclear SREBP-1 protein: P < 0.05; FAS and SCD1 mRNA: P < 0.01), in rat livers, as well as BRL-3A and HepG2 cells, stimulated by fructose. More interestingly, pterostilbene recovered the fructose-disturbed miR-34a expression (0.3-0.5-fold vs fructose control, P < 0.05), Sirt1 protein level (1.2- to 1.5-fold vs fructose control, P < 0.05), and SREBP-1 lipogenic pathway, resulting in significant amelioration of hepatocyte lipid accumulation in animal [hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol (TG&TC) mg/g·wet tissue: 4.90 ± 0.19, 5.23 ± 0.16, 5.20 ± 0.29 vs fructose control 9.73 ± 1.06, P < 0.001; 3.18 ± 0.30, 3.31 ± 0.39, 3.37 ± 0.47 vs 5.67 ± 0.28, P < 0.001] and cell models (BRL-3A TG&TC mmol/g·protein: 0.123 ± 0.011 vs 0.177 ± 0.004, P < 0.001; 0.169 ± 0.011 vs 0.202 ± 0.008, P < 0.05; HepG2: 0.257 ± 0.005 vs 0.303 ± 0.016, P < 0.05; 0.143 ± 0.004 vs 0.201 ± 0.008, P < 0.001). These results provide the experimental evidence supporting the anti-lipogenic effect of pterostilbene against fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation via modulating the miR-34a/Sirt1/SREBP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Gu
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Lin Song
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province , P. R. China
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27
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Jiang L, Zhang Z, Xia Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang S, Wang Z, Liu Y. Pterostilbene supplements carry the risk of drug interaction via inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A9 enzymes. Toxicol Lett 2019; 320:46-51. [PMID: 31812603 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PT) is a natural stilbene common in small berries and food supplements, possessing numerous pharmacological activities. However, whether PT can affect the activities of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) enzymes remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PT on UGT activities and to quantitatively evaluate the food-drug interaction potential due to UGT inhibition. Our data indicated that PT exhibited potent inhibition against HLM, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15, moderate inhibition against UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A8, and UGT2B4, negligible inhibition against UGT1A4, UGT1A7, UGT1A10, and UGT2B17. Further kinetic investigation demonstrated that PT exerted potent noncompetitive inhibition 4-MU glucuronidation by UGT1A9, with IC50 and Ki values of 0.92 μM and 0.52 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. Quantitative prediction study suggested that coadministration of PT supplements at 100 mg/day or higher doses may result in at least a 50% increase in the AUC of drugs predominantly cleared by UGT1A9. Thus, the coadministration of PT supplements and drugs primarily cleared by UGT1A9 may result in potential drug interaction, and precautions should be taken when coadministration of PT supplements and drugs metabolized by UGT1A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, China.
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28
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Liu D, Ma Z, Xu L, Zhang X, Qiao S, Yuan J. PGC1α activation by pterostilbene ameliorates acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress via enhancing AMPK and SIRT1 cascades. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10061-10073. [PMID: 31733141 PMCID: PMC6914429 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used and potent anticancer agent, but DOX dose-dependently induced cardiotoxicity greatly limits its use in clinic. Pterostilbene, a natural analog of resveratrol, is a known antioxidant and exerts myocardial protection. The present study explored the action and detailed mechanism of pterostilbene on DOX-treated cardiomyocytes. We investigated the effects of pterostilbene on established acute DOX-induced cardiotoxicity models in both H9c2 cells treated with 1 μM DOX and C57BL/6 mice with DOX (20 mg/kg cumulative dose) exposure. Pterostilbene markedly alleviated the DOX exposure-induced acute myocardial injury. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that pterostilbene inhibited the acute DOX exposure-caused oxidative stress and mitochondrial morphological disorder via the PGC1α upregulation through activating AMPK and via PGC1α deacetylation through enhancing SIRT1. However, these effects were partially reversed by knockdown of AMPK or SIRT1 in vitro and treatment of Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) or EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) in vivo. Our results indicate that pterostilbene protects cardiomyocytes from acute DOX exposure-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage via PGC1α upregulation and deacetylation through activating AMPK and SIRT1 cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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29
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Bracht JWP, Karachaliou N, Berenguer J, Pedraz-Valdunciel C, Filipska M, Codony-Servat C, Codony-Servat J, Rosell R. Osimertinib and pterostilbene in EGFR-mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2607-2614. [PMID: 31754333 PMCID: PMC6854375 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monotherapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) still leads to incomplete responses in most EGFR-mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, often due to acquired resistance through activation of parallel compensatory pathways. We have previously shown that co-targeting EGFR, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Src-yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) was highly synergistic in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we treated EGFR-mutation positive cell lines with the combination of osimertinib plus a natural compound, pterostilbene, which has been reported to abrogate Src and STAT3 activation. Methods: Cell viability assays and immunoblotting were performed to reveal the mechanisms of action of pterostilbene, osimertinib and pterostilbene plus osimertinib in five EGFR-mutation positive NSCLC and one triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Results: Osimertinib plus pterostilbene yielded synergistic effects in all EGFR-mutation positive NSCLC cell lines investigated. Surprisingly, pterostilbene alone did not inhibit, nor downregulate Src phosphorylation in the EGFR-mutation positive NSCLC cell lines or the TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231. However, the double combination of osimertinib plus pterostilbene reversed the osimertinib-induced STAT3, YAP1, and CUB domain-containing protein-1 (CDCP1) phosphorylation and slightly suppressed Src phosphorylation in PC9 and H1975 cells. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that pterostilbene may be used to abrogate the activated resistance pathways of single osimertinib treatment in EGFR-mutation positive NSCLC. Future studies should focus on in vivo translation and confirmation of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell (IOR), University Hospital Sagrat Cor, QuironSalud Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Berenguer
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martyna Filipska
- Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carles Codony-Servat
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Codony-Servat
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació en Ciències Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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30
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Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and Metabolism of Long-term Administration of NIAGEN (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Healthy Overweight Adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9772. [PMID: 31278280 PMCID: PMC6611812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a newly discovered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor vitamin. A crystal form of NR chloride termed NIAGEN is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in foods and the subject of two New Dietary Ingredient Notifications for use in dietary supplements. To evaluate the kinetics and dose-dependency of NR oral availability and safety in overweight, but otherwise healthy men and women, an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Consumption of 100, 300 and 1000 mg NR dose-dependently and significantly increased whole blood NAD+ (i.e., 22%, 51% and 142%) and other NAD+ metabolites within 2 weeks. The increases were maintained throughout the remainder of the study. There were no reports of flushing and no significant differences in adverse events between the NR and placebo-treated groups or between groups at different NR doses. NR also did not elevate low density lipoprotein cholesterol or dysregulate 1-carbon metabolism. Together these data support the development of a tolerable upper intake limit for NR based on human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Conze
- Chromadex Spherix Consulting, 11821 Parklawn Drive, Suite 310, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, 4-403 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.
| | - Claire L Kruger
- Chromadex Spherix Consulting, 11821 Parklawn Drive, Suite 310, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States.
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31
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Inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation accelerates pterostilbene-induced cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in an ER stress and autophagy-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:418. [PMID: 31138785 PMCID: PMC6538697 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the one of the most common cancers worldwide. Because the side effects of current treatments are severe, new effective therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Pterostilbene (PT), a natural analogue of resveratrol, has diverse pharmacologic activities, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Here we demonstrated that PT inhibits HCC cell growth without the induction of apoptosis in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and autophagy-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies indicated that the combination of salubrinal and PT modulates ER stress-related autophagy through the phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor-4/LC3 pathway, leading to a further inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation and the potentiation of cell death. An in vivo xenograft analysis revealed that PT significantly reduced tumour growth in mice with a SK-Hep-1 tumour xenograft. Taken together, our results yield novel insights into the pivotal roles of PT in ER stress- and autophagy-dependent cell death in HCC cells.
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32
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Fernandez-Cruz E, Cerezo AB, Cantos-Villar E, Richard T, Troncoso AM, Garcia-Parrilla MC. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 Phosphorylation and Effects on Downstream Signaling Pathways in Cultivated Human Endothelial Cells by Stilbenes from Vitis Spp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3909-3918. [PMID: 30892883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes are phenolic compounds present in different higher plant families that have shown different biological activities, such as antioxidant properties and antitumoral and anti-atherosclerotic effects, among others. Angiogenesis is a key process involved in both cancer and cardiovascular diseases, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 being the main triggers. Certain polyphenol compounds, such as flavonoids, have shown a potent capacity to inhibit VEGF and, consequently, angiogenesis. The present work, therefore, aims to evaluate the potential effect of stilbenes on inhibiting VEGF and their subsequent effect on the downstream signaling pathway (PLCγ1, Akt, and eNOS). VEGFR-2 activation was studied through an ELISA assay in the HUVEC line, while the phosphorylation of intracellular downstream proteins PLCγ1, Akt, and eNOS was tested by Western blot. Student's t test was used to determine significant differences between samples. On the one hand, astringin, pallidol, and ω-viniferin showed the lowest IC50 values (2.90 ± 0.27, 4.42 ± 0.67, and 6.10 ± 1.29 μM, respectively) against VEGFR-2 activation. Additionally, VEGF-induced PLCγ1 phosphorylation was significantly inhibited by ε-viniferin, astringin, and ω-viniferin. However, ε-viniferin and pallidol simultaneously enhanced eNOS activation, proving to be via Akt activation in the case of ε-viniferin. For the first time, these data suggest that stilbenes such as astringin, pallidol, ω-viniferin, and ε-viniferin have a potential anti-angiogenic effect and they could be further considered as anti-VEGF ingredients in food and beverages. In addition, ε-viniferin and pallidol significantly allowed eNOS activation and could likely prevent the side effects caused by anti-VEGF hypertension drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Fernandez-Cruz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/Profesor García González 2 , 41012 , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Ana B Cerezo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/Profesor García González 2 , 41012 , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro Rancho de la Merced , Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDA) , Junta de Andalucía, Carretera Trebujena, Km 2.1 , 11471 Jerez de la Frontera , Spain
| | - Tristan Richard
- ISVV Bordeaux-Aquitaine , Université de Bordeaux , 71 Avenue Edouard Bourleaux , 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex , France
| | - Ana M Troncoso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/Profesor García González 2 , 41012 , Sevilla , Spain
| | - M Carmen Garcia-Parrilla
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad de Sevilla , C/Profesor García González 2 , 41012 , Sevilla , Spain
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33
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Effect of Pterostilbene, a Natural Analog of Resveratrol, on the Activity of some Antiepileptic Drugs in the Acute Seizure Tests in Mice. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:859-869. [PMID: 30877660 PMCID: PMC6831770 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTE), a natural analog of resveratrol, is available both as a diet ingredient and a dietary supplement. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of PTE on the activity of antiepileptic drugs in the acute seizure tests in mice, i.e., the intravenous pentetrazole (iv PTZ) seizure threshold, maximal electroshock (MES), and 6 Hz-induced psychomotor seizure tests. Our study revealed that PTE enhanced the anticonvulsant effect of clonazepam but did not change the activity of tiagabine in the iv PTZ test. In the MES test, PTE increased the effect of carbamazepine but did not affect the protective properties of topiramate, while in the 6-Hz test, we noted a significant enhancement of the activity of oxcarbazepine, but there were no changes in the activity of valproate. Interactions of PTE with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine were pharmacokinetic, which was determined by the increase of concentration of these antiepileptic drugs both in the serum and brain. In contrast, interactions between PTE and clonazepam were pharmacodynamic since there were no changes in the concentration of clonazepam. Combined treatment with carbamazepine and PTE significantly attenuated muscular strength (estimated in the grip strength test) but did not change motor coordination (assessed in the chimney test) in mice. Other studied antiepileptic drugs and their combinations with PTE did not change these parameters. Further studies are required to evaluate the influence of PTE on the activity of anticonvulsant drugs to estimate the safety of using PTE by patients with epilepsy.
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Brenner C, Boileau AC. Pterostilbene raises low density lipoprotein cholesterol in people. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:480-481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kosuru R, Kandula V, Rai U, Prakash S, Xia Z, Singh S. Pterostilbene Decreases Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Activation of AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Fructose-Fed Diabetic Rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 32:147-163. [PMID: 29556862 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-018-6780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated cardiovascular problems, which has remained a primary cause of the increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. It is of paramount importance to prevent the diabetes-associated cardiac complications by reducing oxidative stress with the help of nutritional or pharmacological agents. Pterostilbene (PT), the primary antioxidant in blueberries, has recently gained attention for its promising health benefits in metabolic and cardiac diseases. However, the mechanism whereby PT reduces diabetic cardiac complications is currently unknown. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 65% fructose diet with or without PT (20 mg kg-1 day-1) for 8 weeks. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured by tail-cuff apparatus. Real-time PCR and western blot experiments were executed to quantify the expression levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. RESULTS Fructose-fed rats demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, enhanced myocardial oxidative stress, inflammation and increased NF-κB expression. Administration of PT significantly decreased cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, oxidative stress, inflammation, NF-κB expression and NLRP3 inflammasome. We demonstrated that PT improved mitochondrial biogenesis as evidenced by increased protein expression of PGC-1α, complex III and complex V in fructose-fed diabetic rats. Further, PT increased protein expressions of AMPK, Nrf2, HO-1 in cardiac tissues, which may account for the prevention of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in fructose-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, PT reduced cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats through stimulation of AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramoji Kosuru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vidya Kandula
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Uddipak Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Prakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Abstract
Stilbenoids are a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds found in various plant species. They share a common backbone structure known as stilbene, but differ in the nature and position of substituents. Stilbenoids are classified as phytoalexins, which are antimicrobial compounds produced de novo in plants to protect against fungal infection and toxins. In this review, the biological effects of stilbenoids such as resveratrol, pterostilbene, gnetol and piceatannol are discussed. Stilbenoids exert various biological activities ranging from cardioprotection, neuroprotection, anti-diabetic properties, depigmentation, anti-inflammation, cancer prevention and treatment. The results presented cover a myriad of models, from cell culture to animal studies as well as clinical human trials. Although positive results were obtained in most cell culture and animal studies, further human studies are needed to substantiate beneficial effects of stilbenoids. Resveratrol remains the most widely studied stilbenoid. However, there is limited information regarding the potential of less common stilbenoids. Therefore, further research is warranted to evaluate the salutary effects of various stilbenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolanle C Akinwumi
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Kimberly-Ann M Bordun
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Hope D Anderson
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.
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Chen RJ, Kuo HC, Cheng LH, Lee YH, Chang WT, Wang BJ, Wang YJ, Cheng HC. Apoptotic and Nonapoptotic Activities of Pterostilbene against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010287. [PMID: 29346311 PMCID: PMC5796233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death. The outcomes of current therapeutic strategies against cancer often ironically lead to even increased mortality due to the subsequent drug resistance and to metastatic recurrence. Alternative medicines are thus urgently needed. Cumulative evidence has pointed out that pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene, PS) has excellent pharmacological benefits for the prevention and treatment for various types of cancer in their different stages of progression by evoking apoptotic or nonapoptotic anti-cancer activities. In this review article, we first update current knowledge regarding tumor progression toward accomplishment of metastasis. Subsequently, we review current literature regarding the anti-cancer activities of PS. Finally, we provide future perspectives to clinically utilize PS as novel cancer therapeutic remedies. We, therefore, conclude and propose that PS is one ideal alternative medicine to be administered in the diet as a nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (R.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Hsiao-Che Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Li-Hsin Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (R.-J.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (W.-T.C.)
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Bour-Jr Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 707010, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40401, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.W.); (H.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5804) (Y.-J.W.); +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5544) (H.-C.C.); Fax: +886-6-275-2484 (Y.-J.W.)
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (H.-C.K.); (W.-T.C.)
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.W.); (H.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5804) (Y.-J.W.); +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 5544) (H.-C.C.); Fax: +886-6-275-2484 (Y.-J.W.)
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Dellinger RW, Santos SR, Morris M, Evans M, Alminana D, Guarente L, Marcotulli E. Repeat dose NRPT (nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) increases NAD + levels in humans safely and sustainably: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2017; 3:17. [PMID: 29184669 PMCID: PMC5701244 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NRPT is a combination of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor vitamin found in milk, and pterostilbene (PT), a polyphenol found in blueberries. Here, we report this first-in-humans clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of a repeat dose of NRPT (commercially known as Basis). NRPT was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study in a population of 120 healthy adults between the ages of 60 and 80 years. The study consisted of three treatment arms: placebo, recommended dose of NRPT (NRPT 1X), and double dose of NRPT (NRPT 2X). All subjects took their blinded supplement daily for eight weeks. Analysis of NAD+ in whole blood demonstrated that NRPT significantly increases the concentration of NAD+ in a dose-dependent manner. NAD+ levels increased by approximately 40% in the NRPT 1X group and approximately 90% in the NRPT 2X group after 4 weeks as compared to placebo and baseline. Furthermore, this significant increase in NAD+ levels was sustained throughout the entire 8-week trial. NAD+ levels did not increase for the placebo group during the trial. No serious adverse events were reported in this study. This study shows that a repeat dose of NRPT is a safe and effective way to increase NAD+ levels sustainably. It’s possible to boost declining levels of NAD+, a molecule required for fundamental chemical reactions in the human body, with a dietary supplement. A team led by Leonard Guarente of MIT and Elysium Health gave 120 healthy adult volunteers between the ages of 60 and 80 NRPT (known commercially as Basis) over the course of eight weeks. Volunteers taking the regular dose of NRPT had 40 percent more NAD+ compared to their baseline when tested at four weeks and at eight weeks. Others who took a double dose of NRPT had even higher levels of NAD+, while those who took the placebo saw no increase. Research shows that NAD+ levels decline in animals and humans with age. Boosting NAD+ in animals improves age-associated diseases, so researchers now want to understand whether humans, too, may benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mal Evans
- KGK Synergize London, London, ON Canada
| | | | - Leonard Guarente
- Elysium Health, Inc, New York, NY USA.,Department of Biology, MIT, 77 Massachusetts avenue, 68-280, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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Dvorakova M, Landa P. Anti-inflammatory activity of natural stilbenoids: A review. Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:126-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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40
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Koozehchian MS, Earnest CP, Jung YP, Collins PB, O'Connor A, Dalton R, Shin SY, Sowinski R, Rasmussen C, Murano PS, Greenwood M, Kreider RB. Dose Response to One Week of Supplementation of a Multi-Ingredient Preworkout Supplement Containing Caffeine Before Exercise. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2017.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid S. Koozehchian
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Conrad P. Earnest
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Nutrabolt, Bryan, Texas
| | - Y. Peter Jung
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - P. Blaise Collins
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Abigail O'Connor
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ryan Dalton
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Song Yi Shin
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ryan Sowinski
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Chris Rasmussen
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Peter S. Murano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Institute for Obesity Research and Program Evaluation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mike Greenwood
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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41
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Estrela JM, Mena S, Obrador E, Benlloch M, Castellano G, Salvador R, Dellinger RW. Polyphenolic Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Bioavailability versus Bioefficacy. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9413-9436. [PMID: 28654265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural polyphenols are organic chemicals which contain phenol units in their structures. They show antitumor properties. However, a key problem is their short half-life and low bioavailability under in vivo conditions. Still, definitively demonstrating the human benefits of isolated polyphenolic compounds (alone or in combination) using modern scientific methodology has proved challenging. The most common discrepancy between experimental and clinical observations is the use of nonphysiologically relevant concentrations of polyphenols in mechanistic studies. Thus, it remains highly controversial how applicable underlying mechanisms are with bioavailable concentrations and biological half-life. The present Perspective analyses proposed antitumor mechanisms, in vivo reported antitumor effects, and possible mechanisms that may explain discrepancies between bioavailability and bioefficacy. Polyphenol metabolism and possible toxic side effects are also considered. Our main conclusion emphasizes that these natural molecules (and their chemical derivatives) indeed can be very useful, not only as cancer chemopreventive agents but also in oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Estrela
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Benlloch
- Department of Health and Functional Valorization, San Vicente Martir Catholic University , 46008 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Castellano
- Department of Health and Functional Valorization, San Vicente Martir Catholic University , 46008 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , 46010 Valencia, Spain
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42
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Gomez-Zorita S, Belles C, Briot A, Fernández-Quintela A, Portillo MP, Carpéné C. Pterostilbene Inhibits Lipogenic Activity similar to Resveratrol or Caffeine but Differently Modulates Lipolysis in Adipocytes. Phytother Res 2017. [PMID: 28627722 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The anti-obesity effects of resveratrol shown in rodents are not transposed into an efficient therapy of human obesity. Consequently, the search for molecules mimicking or surpassing resveratrol actions is ongoing. The natural phenolic compound pterostilbene exhibits beneficial health effects and has the capacity to limit fat mass in animal models. In this study, we tested whether pterostilbene modulates triacylglycerol accumulation/breakdown. Prolonged exposure to pterostilbene or resveratrol inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Acute effects on lipolysis, antilipolysis and lipogenesis were determined for pterostilbene in mouse adipocytes, and compared with resveratrol. Pterostilbene was also tested on glycerol release and glucose uptake in subcutaneous human adipocytes. Dose-response analyses did not reveal a clear lipolytic effect in both species. The antilipolytic effect of insulin was improved by pterostilbene at 1-10 μM in mouse fat cells only, while at 1 mM, the phenolic compound was antilipolytic in human fat cells in a manner not additive to insulin. Pterostilbene dose-dependently inhibited glucose incorporation into lipids similarly to resveratrol and caffeine. However, only the former did not inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Indeed, pterostilbene abolished the insulin lipogenic effect without inhibiting its antilipolytic action and rapid activation of glucose uptake. Pterostilbene therefore exhibits a unique panel of direct interactions with adipocytes that relies on its reported anti-obesity and antidiabetic properties. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Gomez-Zorita
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut. National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Centre, Vitoria, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Chloé Belles
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut. National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,DIVA expertise, Centre Pierre Potier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Briot
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut. National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Centre, Vitoria, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Maria P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Centre, Vitoria, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Christian Carpéné
- INSERM U1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut. National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Yang SC, Tseng CH, Wang PW, Lu PL, Weng YH, Yen FL, Fang JY. Pterostilbene, a Methoxylated Resveratrol Derivative, Efficiently Eradicates Planktonic, Biofilm, and Intracellular MRSA by Topical Application. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1103. [PMID: 28659908 PMCID: PMC5468402 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a methoxylated derivative of resveratrol originated from natural sources. We investigated the antibacterial activity of pterostilbene against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the feasibility of using it to treat cutaneous bacteria. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using an in vitro culture model and an in vivo mouse model of cutaneous infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay demonstrated a superior biocidal activity of pterostilbene compared to resveratrol (8~16-fold) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and clinically isolated vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). Pterostilbene was found to reduce MRSA biofilm thickness from 18 to 10 μm as detected by confocal microscopy. Pterostilbene showed minimal toxicity to THP-1 cells and was readily engulfed by the macrophages, facilitating the eradication of intracellular MRSA. Pterostilbene exhibited increased skin absorption over resveratrol by 6-fold. Topical pterostilbene application improved the abscess formation produced by MRSA by reducing the bacterial burden and ameliorating the skin architecture. The potent anti-MRSA capability of pterostilbene was related to bacterial membrane leakage, chaperone protein downregulation, and ribosomal protein upregulation. This mechanism of action was different from that of resveratrol according to proteomic analysis and molecular docking. Pterostilbene has the potential to serve as a novel class of topically applied agents for treating MRSA infection in the skin while demonstrating less toxicity to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Yang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Weng
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
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Peripheral and Cerebral Resistance Arteries in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure Rat: Effects of Stilbenoid Polyphenols. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030380. [PMID: 28264510 PMCID: PMC6155253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with aberrant structure and mechanical properties of resistance arteries. We determined the effects of resveratrol, a non-flavonoid polyphenol found in foods such as red grapes, and structurally-similar analogues (pterostilbene and gnetol) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and resistance arteries from the spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rat. SBP was elevated in 17-week-old SHHF vs. Sprague-Dawley rats (normotensive control; 194 ± 3 vs. 142 ± 6 mmHg, p < 0.01) and was unaffected by resveratrol, pterostilbene, or gnetol (2.5 mg/kg/d). Geometry and mechanical properties of pressurized mesenteric resistance arteries and middle cerebral arteries were calculated from media and lumen dimensions measured at incremental intraluminal pressures. SHHF arteries exhibited remodeling which consisted of augmented media-to-lumen ratios, and this was attenuated by stilbenoid treatment. Compliance was significantly reduced in SHHF middle cerebral arteries but not mesenteric arteries vis-à-vis increased wall component stiffness; stilbenoid treatment failed to normalize compliance and wall component stiffness. Our data suggest that neither AMPK nor ERK mediate stilbenoid effects. In conclusion, we observed arterial bed-specific abnormalities, where mesenteric resistance arteries exhibited remodeling and cerebral arteries exhibited remodeling and stiffening. Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and gnetol exhibited similar abilities to attenuate vascular alterations.
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Kosuru R, Rai U, Prakash S, Singh A, Singh S. Promising therapeutic potential of pterostilbene and its mechanistic insight based on preclinical evidence. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 789:229-243. [PMID: 27475678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PS) is a well-recognized antioxidant that primarily exists in blueberries, grapevines and heartwood of red sandalwood. Interest in this compound has been renewed in recent years, and studies have found that PS possesses an array of pharmacological properties, including chemopreventive, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, antiatherosclerotic and neuroprotective effects. However, the greater in vivo bioavailability of PS, as compared to resveratrol, is an added advantage for its efficacy. This review provides a summary regarding the sources, pharmacokinetic aspects and pharmacodynamics of PS, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying its protective effects against cancer, brain injuries and heart disease. Studies regarding the safety profile of PS have also been included. Based on the presently available evidence, we conclude that PS represents an active phytonutrient and a potential drug with pleiotropic health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramoji Kosuru
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uddipak Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Prakash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishank Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Joy JM, Vogel RM, Moon JR, Falcone PH, Mosman MM, Kim MP. Twelve weeks supplementation with an extended-release caffeine and ATP-enhancing supplement may improve body composition without affecting hematology in resistance-trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:25. [PMID: 27293386 PMCID: PMC4901467 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased ATP levels may enhance training-induced muscle accretion and fat loss, and caffeine is a known ergogenic aid. A novel supplement containing ancient peat and apple extracts has reported enhanced mitochondrial ATP production and it has been coupled with an extended-release caffeine. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of this supplement on body composition when used in conjunction with 12 weeks of resistance training. Methods Twenty-one resistance-trained subjects (27.2 ± 5.6y; 173.5 ± 5.7 cm; 82.8 ± 12.0 kg) completed this study. Subjects supplemented daily with either 1 serving of the supplement (TRT), which consisted of 150 mg ancient peat and apple extracts, 180 mg blend of caffeine anhydrous and pterostilbene-bound caffeine, and 38 mg B vitamins, or an equal-volume, visually-identical placebo (PLA) 45 min prior to training or at the same time of day on rest days. Supervised resistance training consisted of 8 weeks of daily undulating periodized training followed by a 2-week overreach and a 2-week taper phase. Body composition was assessed using DEXA and ultrasound at weeks 0, 4, 8, 10, and 12. Vital signs and blood markers were assessed at weeks 0, 8, and 12. Results Significant group x time (p < 0.05) interactions were present for cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris, which increased in TRT (+1.07 cm2) versus PLA (−0.08 cm2), as well as muscle thickness (TRT: +0.49 cm; PLA: +0.04 cm). A significant group x time (p < 0.05) interaction existed for creatinine (TRT: +0.00 mg/dL; PLA: +0.15 mg/dL) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (TRT: −0.70 mL/min/1.73; PLA: −14.6 mL/min/1.73), which remained within clinical ranges, but no other significant observations were observed. Conclusions Supplementation with a combination of extended-release caffeine and ancient peat and apple extracts may enhance resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy without adversely affecting blood chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Joy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, 401 AME Drive #7101, Denton, TX 76207 USA
| | - Roxanne M Vogel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, 401 AME Drive #7101, Denton, TX 76207 USA
| | - Jordan R Moon
- American Public University System, School of Health Sciences, Charles Town, WV USA
| | - Paul H Falcone
- MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, MusclePharm Corp., Denver, CO USA
| | | | - Michael P Kim
- MusclePharm Sports Science Institute, MusclePharm Corp., Denver, CO USA
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Dhar S, Kumar A, Zhang L, Rimando AM, Lage JM, Lewin JR, Atfi A, Zhang X, Levenson AS. Dietary pterostilbene is a novel MTA1-targeted chemopreventive and therapeutic agent in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:18469-84. [PMID: 26943043 PMCID: PMC4951302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the epigenetic modifier metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is associated with aggressive human prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine MTA1- targeted chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of pterostilbene, a natural potent analog of resveratrol, in pre-clinical models of prostate cancer. Here, we show that high levels of MTA1 expression in Pten-loss prostate cooperate with key oncogenes, including c-Myc and Akt among others, to promote prostate cancer progression. Loss-of-function studies using human prostate cancer cells indicated direct involvement of MTA1 in inducing inflammation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of MTA1 by pterostilbene resulted in decreased proliferation and angiogenesis and increased apoptosis. This restrained prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) formation in prostate-specific Pten heterozygous mice and reduced tumor development and progression in prostate-specific Pten-null mice. Our findings highlight MTA1 as a key upstream regulator of prostate tumorigenesis and cancer progression. More significantly, it offers pre-clinical proof for pterostilbene as a promising lead natural agent for MTA1-targeted chemopreventive and therapeutic strategy to curb prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Dhar
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Liangfen Zhang
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Agnes M. Rimando
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Natural Product Utilization Research Unit, University, MS, USA
| | - Janice M. Lage
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jack R. Lewin
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Anait S. Levenson
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Current affiliation: Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-peroxidative role of pterostilbene via Nrf2 signaling in experimental diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 777:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bulle S, Reddyvari H, Nallanchakravarthula V, Vaddi DR. Therapeutic Potential of Pterocarpus santalinus L.: An Update. Pharmacogn Rev 2016; 10:43-9. [PMID: 27041873 PMCID: PMC4791987 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.176575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently there has been increasing interest in plants and plant-derived compounds as raw food and medicinal agents. In Ayurveda, an Indian system of traditional medicine, a wide spectrum of medicinal properties of Pterocarpus santalinus is described. Many important bioactive phytocompounds have been extracted and identified from the heartwood of P. santalinus. Bioactive compounds typically occur in small amounts and have more subtle effects than nutrients. These bioactive compounds influence cellular activities that modify the risk of disease rather than prevent deficiency diseases. A wide array of biological activities and potential health benefits of P. santalinus have been reported, including antioxidative, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, and protective effects on the liver, gastric mucosa, and nervous system. All these protective effects were attributed to bioactive compounds present in P. santalinus. The major bioactive compounds present in the heartwood of P. santalinus are santalin A and B, savinin, calocedrin, pterolinus K and L, and pterostilbenes. The bioactive compounds have potentially important health benefits: These compounds can act as antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors and inducers, inhibitors of receptor activities, and inducers and inhibitors of gene expression, among other actions. The present review aims to understand the pharmacological effects of P. santalinus on health and disease with "up-to-date" discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradamma Bulle
- Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Damodara Reddy Vaddi
- Department of Biochemistry, Oil Technological Research Institute, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Park SH, Jeong SO, Chung HT, Pae HO. Pterostilbene, an Active Constituent of Blueberries, Stimulates Nitric Oxide Production via Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:263-268. [PMID: 26008990 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-015-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, a key process in development of cardiovascular diseases, is largely due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Resveratrol has been reported to stimulate NO production via estrogen receptor α (ERα) activation in endothelial cells. Here, we investigated whether two natural methylated analogs of resveratrol, pterostilbene (Pts) and trans-3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene (TMS), similarly to resveratrol, could influence endothelial NO release in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In HUVECs exposed to Pts or TMS, NO production and phosphorylation of eNOS, protein kinase B (Akt), and ERα were measured by using a fluorimetric NO assay kit and Western blot analysis, respectively. Dimethylated Pts, but not trimethylated TMS, stimulated dose-dependent NO production via eNOS phosphorylation. Pts also stimulated dose-dependent phosphorylation of Akt, but not of ERα. NO production and eNOS phosphorylation in response to Pts were significantly abolished by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor LY294002, but not by the ERα antagonist ICI182780. Our results suggest that Pts, but not TMS, is capable of inducing eNOS phosphorylation and the subsequent NO release, presumably, by activating PI3K/Akt pathway. The potential efficacy of Pts, an active constituent of blueberries, may aid in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Park
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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