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Yang XT, Niu PQ, Li XF, Sun MM, Wei W, Chen YQ, Zheng JY. Differential cytokine expression in gastric tissues highlights helicobacter pylori's role in gastritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7683. [PMID: 38561502 PMCID: PMC10984929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), known for causing gastric inflammation, gastritis and gastric cancer, prompted our study to investigate the differential expression of cytokines in gastric tissues, which is crucial for understanding H. pylori infection and its potential progression to gastric cancer. Focusing on Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α, we analysed gene and protein levels to differentiate between H. pylori-infected and non-infected gastritis. We utilised real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for gene quantification, immunohistochemical staining, and ELISA for protein measurement. Gastric samples from patients with gastritis were divided into three groups: (1) non-gastritis (N-group) group, (2) gastritis without H. pylori infection (G-group), and (3) gastritis with H. pylori infection (GH-group), each consisting of 8 samples. Our findings revealed a statistically significant variation in cytokine expression. Generally, cytokine levels were higher in gastritis, but in H. pylori-infected gastritis, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were lower compared to H. pylori-independent gastritis, while IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α levels were higher. This distinct cytokine expression pattern in H. pylori-infected gastritis underscores a unique inflammatory response, providing deeper insights into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Tang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Qin Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongming Branch, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 66 Xiangyangdong Road, Bao Town, Chongming District, Shanghai, 202157, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
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Reyes ME, Pulgar V, Vivallo C, Ili CG, Mora-Lagos B, Brebi P. Epigenetic modulation of cytokine expression in gastric cancer: influence on angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347530. [PMID: 38455038 PMCID: PMC10917931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins that act in the immune response and inflammation and have been associated with the development of some types of cancer, such as gastric cancer (GC). GC is a malignant neoplasm that ranks fifth in incidence and third in cancer-related mortality worldwide, making it a major public health issue. Recent studies have focused on the role these cytokines may play in GC associated with angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance, which are key factors that can affect carcinogenesis and tumor progression, quality, and patient survival. These inflammatory mediators can be regulated by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone protein modification, and non-coding RNA, which results in the silencing or overexpression of key genes in GC, presenting different targets of action, either direct or mediated by modifications in key genes of cytokine-related signaling pathways. This review seeks insight into the relationship between cytokine-associated epigenetic regulation and its potential effects on the different stages of development and chemoresistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Victoria Pulgar
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Vivallo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carmen Gloria Ili
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Maurya SK, Rehman AU, Zaidi MAA, Khan P, Gautam SK, Santamaria-Barria JA, Siddiqui JA, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Epigenetic alterations fuel brain metastasis via regulating inflammatory cascade. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:261-274. [PMID: 36379848 PMCID: PMC10198579 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major threat to the survival of melanoma, breast, and lung cancer patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and sustain in the brain microenvironment. Genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications have been found to be critical in controlling key aspects of cancer metastasis. Metastasizing cells confront inflammation and gradually adapt in the unique brain microenvironment. Currently, it is one of the major areas that has gained momentum. Researchers are interested in the factors that modulate neuroinflammation during BrM. We review here various epigenetic factors and mechanisms modulating neuroinflammation and how this helps CTCs to adapt and survive in the brain microenvironment. Since epigenetic changes could be modulated by targeting enzymes such as histone/DNA methyltransferase, deacetylases, acetyltransferases, and demethylases, we also summarize our current understanding of potential drugs targeting various aspects of epigenetic regulation in BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Mohd Ali Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | | | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA.
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4
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Naik N, Patel M, Sen R. Developmental Impacts of Epigenetics and Metabolism in COVID-19. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:9. [PMID: 38390960 PMCID: PMC10885083 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental biology is intricately regulated by epigenetics and metabolism but the mechanisms are not completely understood. The situation becomes even more complicated during diseases where all three phenomena are dysregulated. A salient example is COVID-19, where the death toll exceeded 6.96 million in 4 years, while the virus continues to mutate into different variants and infect people. Early evidence during the pandemic showed that the host's immune and inflammatory responses to COVID-19 (like the cytokine storm) impacted the host's metabolism, causing damage to the host's organs and overall physiology. The involvement of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the pivotal host receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was identified and linked to epigenetic abnormalities along with other contributing factors. Recently, studies have revealed stronger connections between epigenetics and metabolism in COVID-19 that impact development and accelerate aging. Patients manifest systemic toxicity, immune dysfunction and multi-organ failure. Single-cell multiomics and other state-of-the-art high-throughput studies are only just beginning to demonstrate the extent of dysregulation and damage. As epigenetics and metabolism directly impact development, there is a crucial need for research implementing cutting-edge technology, next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, the identification of biomarkers and clinical trials to help with prevention and therapeutic interventions against similar threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Naik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mansi Patel
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rwik Sen
- Active Motif, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
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Dey A, Vaishak K, Deka D, Radhakrishnan AK, Paul S, Shanmugam P, Daniel AP, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK, Banerjee A. Epigenetic perspectives associated with COVID-19 infection and related cytokine storm: an updated review. Infection 2023; 51:1603-1618. [PMID: 36906872 PMCID: PMC10008189 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put the world in a medical crisis for the past three years; nearly 6.3 million lives have been diminished due to the virus outbreak. This review aims to update the recent findings on COVID-19 infections from an epigenetic scenario and develop future perspectives of epi-drugs to treat the disease. METHODS Original research articles and review studies related to COVID-19 were searched and analyzed from the Google Scholar/PubMed/Medline databases mainly between 2019 and 2022 to brief the recent work. RESULTS Numerous in-depth studies of the mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-2 have been going on to minimize the consequences of the viral outburst. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptors and Transmembrane serine protease 2 facilitate viral entry to the host cells. Upon internalization, it uses the host machinery to replicate viral copies and alter the downstream regulation of the normal cells, causing infection-related morbidities and mortalities. In addition, several epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, acetylation, histone modifications, microRNA, and other factors (age, sex, etc.) are responsible for the regulations of viral entry, its immune evasion, and cytokine responses also play a major modulatory role in COVID-19 severity, which has been discussed in detail in this review. CONCLUSION Findings of epigenetic regulation of viral pathogenicity open a new window for epi-drugs as a possible therapeutical approach against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dey
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - K Vaishak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Arun Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No.500 Fracc., CP 76130, San Pablo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Priyadarshini Shanmugam
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Alice Peace Daniel
- Department of Microbiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, TN, 603103, India.
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Alessandra-Perini J, Machado DE, Palmero CY, Claudino MC, de Moura RS, Palumbo Junior A, Perini JA, Nasciutti LE. Euterpe oleracea extract (açaí) exhibits cardioprotective effects after chemotherapy treatment in a breast cancer model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37626388 PMCID: PMC10463785 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Açaí, a Brazilian native fruit, has already been demonstrated to play a role in the progress of breast cancer and cardiotoxicity promoted by chemotherapy agents. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the combined use of açaí and the FAC-D chemotherapy protocol in a breast cancer model in vivo. METHODS Mammary carcinogenesis was induced in thirty female Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection of 25 mg/kg 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in the mammary gland. After sixty days, the rats were randomized into two groups: treated with 200 mg/kg of either açaí extract or vehicle, via gastric tube for 45 consecutive days. The FAC-D protocol was initiated after 90 days of induction by intraperitoneal injection for 3 cycles with a 7-day break each. After treatment, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analyses, and tumours were collected for macroscopic and histological analyses. In the same way, heart, liver, and kidney samples were also collected for macroscopic and histological analyses. RESULTS Breast cancer was found as a cystic mass with a fibrotic pattern in the mammary gland. The histological analysis showed an invasive carcinoma area in both groups; however, in the saline group, there was a higher presence of inflammatory clusters. No difference was observed regarding body weight, glycaemia, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and urea in either group. However, açaí treatment decreased creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CKMB), troponin I and C-reactive protein levels and increased the number of neutrophils and monocytes. Heart histopathology showed normal myocardium in the açaí treatment, while the saline group presented higher toxicity effects with loss of architecture of cardiac tissue. Furthermore, the açaí treatment presented greater collagen distribution, increased hydroxyproline concentration and lower H2AX immunostaining in the heart samples. CONCLUSION Açaí decreased the number of inflammatory cells in the tumor environment and exhibited protection against chemotherapy drug cardiotoxicity with an increased immune response in animals. Thus, açaí can be considered a promising low-cost therapeutic treatment that can be used in association with chemotherapy agents to avoid heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Alessandra-Perini
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas (LAPESF), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga Avenue, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas (LAPESF), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga Avenue, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Celia Yelimar Palmero
- Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 9UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marllow Caetano Claudino
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas (LAPESF), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga Avenue, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio Palumbo Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas (LAPESF), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga Avenue, 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Low RN, Low RJ, Akrami A. A review of cytokine-based pathophysiology of Long COVID symptoms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1011936. [PMID: 37064029 PMCID: PMC10103649 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1011936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) group includes patients with initial mild-to-moderate symptoms during the acute phase of the illness, in whom recovery is prolonged, or new symptoms are developed over months. Here, we propose a description of the pathophysiology of the Long COVID presentation based on inflammatory cytokine cascades and the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. In this model, the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is hypothesized to trigger a dysregulated peripheral immune system activation with subsequent cytokine release. Chronic low-grade inflammation leads to dysregulated brain microglia with an exaggerated release of central cytokines, producing neuroinflammation. Immunothrombosis linked to chronic inflammation with microclot formation leads to decreased tissue perfusion and ischemia. Intermittent fatigue, Post Exertional Malaise (PEM), CNS symptoms with "brain fog," arthralgias, paresthesias, dysautonomia, and GI and ophthalmic problems can consequently arise as result of the elevated peripheral and central cytokines. There are abundant similarities between symptoms in Long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). DNA polymorphisms and viral-induced epigenetic changes to cytokine gene expression may lead to chronic inflammation in Long COVID patients, predisposing some to develop autoimmunity, which may be the gateway to ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J. Low
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Athena Akrami
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Binsaleh NK, Sherwani S, Eltayeb R, Qanash H, Bazaid AS, Althobiti M, Hazzazi MS, Rajendrasozhan S. Increased inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress enhanced antibody production in breast and prostate cancer patients with COVID-19 related depression. Front Chem 2023; 11:1192074. [PMID: 37153524 PMCID: PMC10157473 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1192074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer management is highly dependent on the immune status of the patient. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of people suffered from anxiety and depression, especially cancer patients. The effect of depression on breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) patients, during the pandemic has been analyzed in this study. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl content (CC) were estimated in patients' serum samples. Serum antibodies against in vitro hydroxyl radical (•OH) modified pDNA (•OH-pDNA-Abs) were estimated using direct binding and inhibition ELISA. Cancer patients showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (MDA and CC levels), which were further significantly enhanced in cancer patients with depression compared to normal healthy (NH) individuals. Increased levels of •OH-pDNA-Abs were detected in breast cancer (0.506 ± 0.063) and prostate cancer (0.441 ± 0.066) patients compared to NH subjects. Serum antibodies were found to be significantly elevated in BC patients with depression (BCD) (0.698 ± 0.078) and prostate cancer patients with depression (PCD) (0.636 ± 0.058). Inhibition ELISA also exhibited significantly high percent inhibition in BCD (68.8% ± 7.8%) and PCD (62.9% ± 8.3%) subjects compared to BC (48.9% ± 8.1%), and PC (43.4% ± 7.5%) subjects. Cancer is characterized by enhanced oxidative stress and increased inflammation, which may be exaggerated with COVID-19 related depression. High oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant homeostasis exerts alterations in DNA, leading to formation of neo-antigens, subsequently leading to the generation of antibodies. COVID-19 pandemic related depression needs to be addressed globally for improved cancer patient care and cancer disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif K. Binsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Naif K. Binsaleh,
| | - Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Qanash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Bazaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Althobiti
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad S. Hazzazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Światowy WJ, Zieliński J, Osielska MA, Kusy K, Wieliński D, Pławski A, Jagodziński PP. No dynamic changes in the expression of genes related to the epigenetic mechanism during acute exercise. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:81-87. [PMID: 36352208 PMCID: PMC9836983 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise results in structural remodeling in tissues and modifies cellular metabolism. Changes in gene expression lie at the root of these adaptations. Epigenetic changes are one of the factors responsible for such exercise-related alterations. One-hour acute exercise will change DNMT1, HDAC1, and JHDM1D transcriptions in PBMC. This study examined changes in the expression of genes responsible for epigenetic modifications (HDAC1, DNMT1, and JHDM1D) during and after an incremental exercise test on a treadmill and a 30-min recovery. Blood samples from 9 highly trained triathletes were tested. Examination of the transcripts showed no significant changes. Correlations between transcript results and biochemical indices revealed a significant (p = 0.007) relationship between JHDM1D mRNA and the number of monocytes at peak exercise intensity (exhaustion), while there was no significant (p = 0.053) correlation at rest. There are no rapid changes in the mRNA levels of the genes studied in blood cells in competitive athletes during acute exercise and recovery. Due to the small group of subjects studied, more extensive research is needed to verify correlations between transcription and biochemical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Józef Światowy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Aleksandra Osielska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wieliński
- Department of Anthropology and Biometry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Krolowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Department of General, Endocrinological Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland ,Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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Li Y, Hong YK, Wang X, Pandit H, Zheng Q, Yu Y, Shi X, Chen Y, Tan M, Pulliam Z, Bhutiani N, Lin A, Badach J, Zhang P, Martin RCG. Epigenetic modulation enhances immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1430. [PMID: 36452477 PMCID: PMC9705274 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. PDAC has poor response to immunotherapy because of its unique tumour microenvironment (TME). In an attempt to stimulate immunologically silent pancreatic cancer, we investigated the role of epigenetic therapy in modulating the TME to improve immunogenicity. Methods In vitro human PDAC cell lines MiaPaca2 and S2-013 were treated with 5μ m 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep, an EZH2 inhibitor) and 5 μ m 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA, a DNMT1 inhibitor). In vivo orthotopic murine tumour models using both murine PAN02 cells and KPC cells inoculated in immunocompetent C56/BL7 mice were treated with anti-PD-L1 combined with DZNep and 5-AZA. Short hairpin knockdown (KD) of EZH2 and DNMT1 in PAN02 cells for the orthotopic murine tumour model was established to validate the drug treatment (DZNep and 5-AZA). qRT-PCR and microarray assays were performed for the evaluation of Th1-attracting chemokines and cancer-associated antigen induction. Results Drug treatments induced significant upregulation of gene expressions of Th1-attracting chemokines, CXCL9 and CXCL10, and the cancer-testis antigens, NY-ESO-1, LAGE and SSX-4 (P < 0.05). In orthotopic tumour models, inoculation of PAN02 cells or KPC cells demonstrated significant tumour regression with corresponding increased apoptosis and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the combination treatment group. In the orthotopic Pan02-KD model, the anti-PD-L1 treatment also caused significant tumour regression. Conclusion We demonstrate that immunotherapy for PDAC can be potentiated with epigenetic therapy by increasing cancer-associated antigen expression and increased T-cell trafficking across the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment via upregulation of the repressed chemokines and increased apoptosis with subsequent tumour regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Young K Hong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryCooper University HospitalCamdenNJUSA
| | - Xingtong Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Harshul Pandit
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Basic Medicine College, China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Youxi Yu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoju Shi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yujia Chen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Min Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Zachary Pulliam
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Neal Bhutiani
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Andrew Lin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryCooper University HospitalCamdenNJUSA
| | - Jeremy Badach
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryCooper University HospitalCamdenNJUSA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of SurgeryCooper University HospitalCamdenNJUSA
| | - Robert CG Martin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of SurgerySchool of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA,Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
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11
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Alimohammadi M, Makaremi S, Rahimi A, Asghariazar V, Taghadosi M, Safarzadeh E. DNA methylation changes and inflammaging in aging-associated diseases. Epigenomics 2022; 14:965-986. [PMID: 36043685 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging as an inevitable phenomenon is associated with pervasive changes in physiological functions. There is a relationship between aging and the increase of several chronic diseases. Most age-related disorders are accompanied by an underlying chronic inflammatory state, as demonstrated by local infiltration of inflammatory cells and greater levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. Within inflammaging, many epigenetic events, especially DNA methylation, change. During the aging process, due to aberrations of DNA methylation, biological processes are disrupted, leading to the emergence or progression of a variety of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The focus of this review is on DNA methylation, which is involved in inflammaging-related activities, and how its dysregulation leads to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shima Makaremi
- School of Medicine & Allied Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Deputy of Research & Technology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714869914, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, & Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, 5618985991, Iran
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12
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Xin S, Sun X, Jin L, Li W, Liu X, Zhou L, Ye L. The Prognostic Signature and Therapeutic Value of Phagocytic Regulatory Factors in Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Front Genet 2022; 13:877278. [PMID: 35706452 PMCID: PMC9190300 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.877278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that phagocytosis regulatory factors (PRFs) play important roles in tumor progression, and therefore, identifying and characterizing these factors is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of cellular phagocytosis in tumorigenesis. Our research aimed to comprehensively characterize PRFs in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and to screen and determine important PRFs in PRAD which may help to inform tumor prognostic and therapeutic signatures based on these key PRFs. Here, we first systematically described the expression of PRFs in PRAD and evaluated their expression patterns and their prognostic value. We then analyzed prognostic phagocytic factors by Cox and Lasso analysis and constructed a phagocytic factor-mediated risk score. We then divided the samples into two groups with significant differences in overall survival (OS) based on the risk score. Then, we performed correlation analysis between the risk score and clinical features, immune infiltration levels, immune characteristics, immune checkpoint expression, IC50 of several classical sensitive drugs, and immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database was used to determine the protein expression of 18 PRF characteristic genes. The aforementioned results confirmed that multilayer alterations of PRFs were associated with the prognosis of patients with PRAD and the degree of macrophage infiltration. These findings may provide us with potential new therapies for PRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Yang J, Hu Y, Zhang B, Liang X, Li X. The JMJD Family Histone Demethylases in Crosstalk Between Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881396. [PMID: 35558079 PMCID: PMC9090529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has emerged as a key player in regulating cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutics, acting as a double edged sword either facilitating cancer progression and therapeutic resistance or inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Accumulating evidence has linked the epigenetic modifications of histones to inflammation and cancer, and histone modifications-based strategies have shown promising therapeutic potentials against cancer. The jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) family histone demethylases have exhibited multiple regulator functions in inflammatory processes and cancer development, and a number of therapeutic strategies targeting JMJD histone demethylases to modulate inflammatory cells and their products have been successfully evaluated in clinical or preclinical tumor models. This review summarizes current understanding of the functional roles and mechanisms of JMJD histone demethylases in crosstalk between inflammation and cancer, and highlights recent clinical and preclinical progress on harnessing the JMJD histone demethylases to regulate cancer-related inflammation for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Pramudya M, Dewi FRP, Wong RW, Anggraini DW, Winarni D, Wahyuningsih SPA. Anti-cancer activity of an ethanolic extract of red okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in rats induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Vet World 2022; 15:1177-1184. [PMID: 35765486 PMCID: PMC9210857 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1177-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women. The consumption of phytochemical components from plants may play an essential role in preventing and treating this cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of an ethanolic extract of red okra pods (EEROP) in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU).
Materials and Methods: The experimental animals were divided into six groups (n=5/group), namely, KN (normal control, without any treatment), K– (negative control, exposed to MNU without EEROP), K+ (positive control, exposed to MNU and Methotrexate), and the treatment Groups P1, P2, and P3 (exposed to MNU and EEROP at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight [BW], respectively). Intraperitoneal delivery of MNU and EEROP oral administration was carried out for 8 weeks. After the end of treatment, the parameters of cytokines, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and mammary gland histology were measured.
Results: The results showed that EEROP at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW significantly downregulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, IL-10, and tumor growth factor-β (p<0.05). In addition, doses of 200 mg/kg BW significantly increased the activity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, prevented the proliferation of mammary gland epithelial cells, and yielded a significantly thinner epithelium of the mammary gland (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that EEROP was an effective anti-cancer agent by modulating the immune response. Further studies using a nanoparticle system are warranted to achieve optimal working conditions for these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikya Pramudya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Richard W. Wong
- Cell Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Devinta Wahyu Anggraini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Winarni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
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15
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Comparison between Heat-Clearing Medicine and Antirheumatic Medicine in Treatment of Gastric Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Tumor Immune Infiltration Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7490279. [PMID: 35069767 PMCID: PMC8767399 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7490279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinical research found that TCM is therapeutic in treating gastric cancer. Clearing heat is the most common method, while some antirheumatic medicines are widely used in treatment as well. To explore the pharmacological mechanism, we researched the comparison between heat-clearing medicine and antirheumatic medicine in treating gastric cancer. Methods First, related ingredients and targets were searched, respectively, and are shown in an active ingredient-target network. Combining the relevant targets of gastric cancer, we constructed a PPI network and MCODE network. Then, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted. Molecular docking experiments were performed to verify the affinity of targets and ligands. Finally, we analyzed the tumor immune infiltration on gene expression, somatic CNA, and clinical outcome. Results A total of 31 ingredients and 90 targets of heat-clearing medicine, 31 ingredients and 186 targets of antirheumatic medicine, and 12,155 targets of gastric cancer were collected. Antirheumatic medicine ranked the top in all the enrichment analyses. In the KEGG pathway, both types of medicines were related to pathways in cancer. In the KEGG map, AR, MMP2, ERBB2, and TP53 were the most crucial targets. Key targets and ligands were docked with low binding energy. Analysis of tumor immune infiltration showed that the expressions of AR and ERBB2 were correlated with the abundance of immune infiltration and made a difference in clinical outcomes. Conclusions Quercetin is an important ingredient in both heat-clearing medicine and antirheumatic medicine. AR signaling pathway exists in both types of medicines. The mechanism of the antitumor effect in antirheumatic medicine was similar to trastuzumab, a targeted drug aimed at ERBB2. Both types of medicines were significant in tumor immune infiltration. The immunology of gastric tumor deserves further research.
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16
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Liang Y, Turcan S. Epigenetic Drugs and Their Immune Modulating Potential in Cancers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020211. [PMID: 35203421 PMCID: PMC8868629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic drugs are used for the clinical treatment of hematologic malignancies; however, their therapeutic potential in solid tumors is still under investigation. Current evidence suggests that epigenetic drugs may lead to antitumor immunity by increasing antigen presentation and may enhance the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we highlight their impact on the tumor epigenome and discuss the recent evidence that epigenetic agents may optimize the immune microenvironment and promote antiviral response.
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17
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Zhao B, Wang W, Zhao Y, Qiao H, Gao Z, Chuai X. Regulation of Antiviral Immune Response by N 6-Methyladenosine of mRNA. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:789605. [PMID: 34975810 PMCID: PMC8716812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.789605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host innate and adaptive immune responses play a vital role in clearing infected viruses. Meanwhile, viruses also evolve a series of mechanisms to weaken the host immune responses and evade immune defense. Recently, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent mRNA modification, has been revealed to regulate multiple steps of RNA metabolism, such as mRNA splicing, localization, stabilization, and translation, thus participating in many biological phenomena, including viral infection. In the process of virus–host interaction, the m6A modification that presents on the virus RNA impedes capture by the pattern recognition receptors, and the m6A modification appearing on the host immune-related molecules regulate interferon response, immune cell differentiation, inflammatory cytokine production, and other immune responses induced by viral infection. This review summarizes the research advances about the regulatory role of m6A modification in the innate and adaptive immune responses during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongxiu Qiao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyun Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Chuai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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18
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Dai E, Zhu Z, Wahed S, Qu Z, Storkus WJ, Guo ZS. Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity for improved cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:171. [PMID: 34930302 PMCID: PMC8691037 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play vital roles not only in cancer initiation and progression, but also in the activation, differentiation and effector function(s) of immune cells. In this review, we summarize current literature related to epigenomic dynamics in immune cells impacting immune cell fate and functionality, and the immunogenicity of cancer cells. Some important immune-associated genes, such as granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, FoxP3 and STING, are regulated via epigenetic mechanisms in immune or/and cancer cells, as are immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT) expressed by immune cells and tumor-associated stromal cells. Thus, therapeutic strategies implementing epigenetic modulating drugs are expected to significantly impact the tumor microenvironment (TME) by promoting transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming in local immune cell populations, resulting in inhibition of immunosuppressive cells (MDSCs and Treg) and the activation of anti-tumor T effector cells, professional antigen presenting cells (APC), as well as cancer cells which can serve as non-professional APC. In the latter instance, epigenetic modulating agents may coordinately promote tumor immunogenicity by inducing de novo expression of transcriptionally repressed tumor-associated antigens, increasing expression of neoantigens and MHC processing/presentation machinery, and activating tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). ICD provides a rich source of immunogens for anti-tumor T cell cross-priming and sensitizing cancer cells to interventional immunotherapy. In this way, epigenetic modulators may be envisioned as effective components in combination immunotherapy approaches capable of mediating superior therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyong Dai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Zhu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shudipto Wahed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Departments of Dermatology, Immunology, Pathology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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19
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Das D, Karthik N, Taneja R. Crosstalk Between Inflammatory Signaling and Methylation in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:756458. [PMID: 34901003 PMCID: PMC8652226 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.756458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an intricate immune response against infection and tissue damage. While the initial immune response is important for preventing tumorigenesis, chronic inflammation is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. It has been linked to various stages of tumor development including transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Immune cells, through the production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, transforming growth factors, and adhesion molecules contribute to the survival, growth, and progression of the tumor in its microenvironment. The aberrant expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory and growth factors by the tumor cells result in the recruitment of immune cells, thus creating a mutual crosstalk. The reciprocal signaling between the tumor cells and the immune cells creates and maintains a successful tumor niche. Many inflammatory factors are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications. In particular, DNA and histone methylation are crucial forms of transcriptional regulation and aberrant methylation has been associated with deregulated gene expression in oncogenesis. Such deregulations have been reported in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. With technological advancements to study genome-wide epigenetic landscapes, it is now possible to identify molecular mechanisms underlying altered inflammatory profiles in cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of DNA and histone methylation in regulation of inflammatory pathways in human cancers and review the merits and challenges of targeting inflammatory mediators as well as epigenetic regulators in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Das
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nandini Karthik
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Boughanem H, Ruiz-Limon P, Crujeiras AB, de Luque V, Tinahones FJ, Macias-Gonzalez M. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status is associated with interleukin-6 methylation in adipose tissue from patients with colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2021; 12:9620-9631. [PMID: 34549226 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is characterized by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, which may increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the epigenetic contribution to the inflammatory status is poorly understood. In our study, we hypothesized that a dysfunctional VAT may be a risk factor for CRC, through epigenetic modifications. Therefore, we aimed to study the transcriptional/methylation profile of proinflammatory cytokines and genes related to vitamin D metabolism in VAT from CRC patients, and evaluate their association with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). We included 129 participants (68 healthy participants and 61 CRC patients). We found that the majority of the studied genes are upregulated and hypomethylated in CRC patients, when compared to the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). In addition, serum 25(OH)D was associated with both mRNA gene expression and methylation of key genes, such as interleukin (IL)6, IL10, vitamin D receptor (VDR) or cytochrome P450 subfamily 27 type B1 (CYP27B1) (p < 0.05). Interestingly, while high IL6 expression was related to poor survival in CRC (p < 0.05), IL6 methylation was associated with an increased risk of CRC, in which 25(OH)D partially mediated this association (p < 0.05). Our study suggests a potential association between epigenetic regulation of inflammatory mediators in VAT - such as IL6 - in the CRC context, in which 25(OH)D may mediate this risk. Therefore, vitamin D could affect the epigenetic status of IL6, which can be considered for additional preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Patricia Ruiz-Limon
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain. .,CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa de Luque
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain. .,CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain. .,CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Wolyncewicz B, Major TJ, Delahunt B, Thunders M. The epigenome: key to understanding and predicting gout flares. Pathology 2021; 53:824-829. [PMID: 34657735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gout is a form of arthritis, resulting from an inflammatory reaction to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the synovial fluid of the joint space. It is characterised by periods of acute inflammation in the affected joint, or joints (known as gout flares), separated by asymptomatic periods. There seems to be substantial overlap between environmental triggers of gout flares and common environmental modifiers (diet, pharmaceuticals, and stress) of epigenetic markers (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNA). Very few studies have looked at whether environment is influencing gout through epigenetic mechanisms. The pathogenesis of gouty inflammation is well understood but understanding the variation of response to hyperuricaemia in terms of gout flare initiation is less well known. In this review, we will examine the potential of epigenomics in understanding how gout flares may occur, both in terms of development of hyperuricaemia and the inflammatory response. Looking at the epigenome and its intersection with lifestyle could help identify new targets and strategies for effective management of gout flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wolyncewicz
- Otago Medical School, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tanya J Major
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Thunders
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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22
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Immunoprofiles and DNA Methylation of Inflammatory Marker Genes in Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101440. [PMID: 34680073 PMCID: PMC8533626 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological and epigenetic changes are interconnected and contribute to tumorigenesis. We determined the immunoprofiles and promoter methylation of inflammation-related genes for colitis-associated colorectal carcinomas (CA-CRC). The results were compared with Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated colorectal tumors, which are characterized by an active immune environment through inherited mismatch repair defects. CA-CRCs (n = 31) were immunohistochemically evaluated for immune cell scores (ICSs) and PDCD1 and CD274 expression. Seven inflammation-associated genes (CD274, NTSR1, PPARG, PTGS2, PYCARD, SOCS1, and SOCS2), the repair gene MGMT, and eight standard marker genes for the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) were investigated for promoter methylation in CA-CRCs, LS tumors (n = 29), and paired normal mucosae by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. All but one CA-CRCs were microsatellite-stable and all LS tumors were microsatellite-unstable. Most CA-CRCs had a high ICS (55%) and a positive CD274 expression in immune cells (52%). NTSR1 revealed frequent tumor-specific hypermethylation in CA-CRC and LS. When compared to LS mucosae, normal mucosae from patients with CA-CRC showed significantly higher methylation of NTSR1 and most CIMP markers. In conclusion, CA-CRCs share a frequent ICShigh/CD274pos expression pattern with LS tumors. Elevated methylation in normal mucosa may indicate field cancerization as a feature of CA-CRC-associated tumorigenesis.
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23
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Candido S, Tomasello BMR, Lavoro A, Falzone L, Gattuso G, Libra M. Novel Insights into Epigenetic Regulation of IL6 Pathway: In Silico Perspective on Inflammation and Cancer Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810172. [PMID: 34576335 PMCID: PMC8470126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-6 pathway is abnormally hyperactivated in several cancers triggering tumor cell growth and immune system inhibition. Along with genomic mutation, the IL6 pathway gene expression can be affected by DNA methylation, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications. Computational analysis was performed on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets to explore the role of IL6, IL6R, IL6ST, and IL6R transmembrane isoform expression and their epigenetic regulation in different cancer types. IL6 was significantly modulated in 70% of tumor types, revealing either up- or down-regulation in an approximately equal number of tumors. Furthermore, IL6R and IL6ST were downregulated in more than 10 tumors. Interestingly, the correlation analysis demonstrated that only the IL6R expression was negatively affected by the DNA methylation within the promoter region in most tumors. Meanwhile, only the IL6ST expression was extensively modulated by miRNAs including miR-182-5p, which also directly targeted all three genes. In addition, IL6 upregulated miR-181a-3p, mirR-214-3p, miR-18a-5p, and miR-938, which in turn inhibited the expression of IL6 receptors. Finally, the patients’ survival rate was significantly affected by analyzed targets in some tumors. Our results suggest the relevance of epigenetic regulation of IL6 signaling and pave the way for further studies to validate these findings and to assess the prognostic and therapeutic predictive value of these epigenetic markers on the clinical outcome and survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Lavoro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Falzone
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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24
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Xu TT, Zeng XW, Wang XH, Yang LX, Luo G, Yu T. Cystatin-B Negatively Regulates the Malignant Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Via the Epithelium Proliferation/Differentiation Program. Front Oncol 2021; 11:707066. [PMID: 34504787 PMCID: PMC8421684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.707066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance in the proteolytic process is one of the malignant signs of tumors. Proteolysis is highly orchestrated by cysteine cathepsin and its inhibitors. Cystatin-B (CSTB) is a general cysteine cathepsin inhibitor that prevents cysteine cathepsin from leaking from lysosomes and causing inappropriate proteolysis. Our study found that CSTB was downregulated in both oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and cells compared with normal controls. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CSTB was mainly distributed in the epithelial structure of OSCC tissues, and its expression intensity was related to the grade classification. A correlation analysis between CSTB and clinical prognosis was performed using gene expression data and clinical information acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Patients with lower expression levels of CSTB had shorter disease-free survival times and poorer clinicopathological features (e.g., lymph node metastases, perineural invasion, low degree of differentiation, and advanced tumor stage). OSCC cell models overexpressing CSTB were constructed to assess the effects of CSTB on malignant biological behaviors and upregulation of CSTB inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed based on the TCGA data to explore potential mechanisms, and CSTB appeared to correlate with squamous epithelial proliferation-differentiation processes, such as epidermal cell differentiation and keratinization. Moreover, in WGCNA, the gene module most associated with CSTB expression (i.e., the brown module) was also the one most associated with grade classification. Upregulation of CSTB promoted the expression levels of markers (LOR, IVL, KRT5/14, and KRT1/10), reflecting a tendency for differentiation and keratinization in vitro. Gene expression profile data of the overexpressed CSTB cell line were obtained by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. By comparing the GSEA enrichment results of RNA-seq data (from the OSCC models overexpressing CSTB) and existing public database data, three gene sets (i.e., apical junction, G2/M checkpoint, etc.) and six pathways (e.g., NOTCH signaling pathway, glycosaminoglycan degradation, mismatch repair, etc.) were enriched in the data from both sources. Overall, our study shows that CSTB is downregulated in OSCC and might regulate the malignant characteristics of OSCC via the epithelial proliferation/differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Xi Yang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Pawlik W, Pawlik J, Kozłowski M, Łuczkowska K, Kwiatkowski S, Kwiatkowska E, Machaliński B, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. The Clinical Importance of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma and Benign Cystic Lesions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091625. [PMID: 34573967 PMCID: PMC8469088 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact pathogenesis and influence of various cytokines in patients with ovarian lesions remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α could be considered as new useful markers for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. 63 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer (OC) and 53 patients with benign ovarian cystic (BOC) lesions were included in this study. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured using ELISA. Statistical comparisons were made using the Mann–Whitney U test and all correlations were evaluated by Spearman’s ranks. The serum IL-8 and TNF-α concentration measured in the OC Group was significantly higher than in the BOC Group (p < 0.05). The cutoff level of IL-8 and TNF-α in the serum was set at 4.09 ng/mL and 2.63 ng/mL, respectively, with the sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 96% for IL-8 and 85.7% and 79.3% for TNF-α (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that IL-8 and TNF-α are useful biomarkers for predicting the malignant character of lesions of the ovary. The present study highlighted the importance of measuring the cytokines such as IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with ovarian lesions in predicting the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Pawlik
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.K.); (A.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Pawlik
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.K.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Mateusz Kozłowski
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.K.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (B.M.)
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kwiatkowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (B.M.)
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.K.); (A.C.-P.)
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26
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Falcão-Holanda RB, Brunialti MKC, Jasiulionis MG, Salomão R. Epigenetic Regulation in Sepsis, Role in Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:685333. [PMID: 34322502 PMCID: PMC8312749 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.685333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by an initial hyperinflammatory response, with intense cell activation and cytokine storm. In parallel, a prolonged compensatory anti-inflammatory response, known as immunological tolerance, can lead to immunosuppression. Clinically, this condition is associated with multiple organ failure, resulting in the patient's death. The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of sepsis are not yet fully understood, but evidence is strong showing that epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, modulate the inflammatory response of sepsis. During the onset of infection, host cells undergo epigenetic changes that favor pathogen survival. Besides, epigenetic changes in essential genes also orchestrate the patient's inflammatory response. In this review, we gathered studies on sepsis and epigenetics to show the central role of epigenetic mechanisms in various aspects of the pathogenesis of sepsis and the potential of epigenetic interventions for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Brito Falcão-Holanda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Karina Colo Brunialti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Salomão
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Kartikasari AER, Huertas CS, Mitchell A, Plebanski M. Tumor-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and the Emerging Diagnostic Devices for Cancer Detection and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692142. [PMID: 34307156 PMCID: PMC8294036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation generated by the tumor microenvironment is known to drive cancer initiation, proliferation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment promotes the secretion of diverse cytokines, in different types and stages of cancers. These cytokines may inhibit tumor development but alternatively may contribute to chronic inflammation that supports tumor growth in both autocrine and paracrine manners and have been linked to poor cancer outcomes. Such distinct sets of cytokines from the tumor microenvironment can be detected in the circulation and are thus potentially useful as biomarkers to detect cancers, predict disease outcomes and manage therapeutic choices. Indeed, analyses of circulating cytokines in combination with cancer-specific biomarkers have been proposed to simplify and improve cancer detection and prognosis, especially from minimally-invasive liquid biopsies, such as blood. Additionally, the cytokine signaling signatures of the peripheral immune cells, even from patients with localized tumors, are recently found altered in cancer, and may also prove applicable as cancer biomarkers. Here we review cytokines induced by the tumor microenvironment, their roles in various stages of cancer development, and their potential use in diagnostics and prognostics. We further discuss the established and emerging diagnostic approaches that can be used to detect cancers from liquid biopsies, and additionally the technological advancement required for their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apriliana E. R. Kartikasari
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesar S. Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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28
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Munro SK, Balakrishnan B, Lissaman AC, Gujral P, Ponnampalam AP. Cytokines and pregnancy: Potential regulation by histone deacetylases. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:321-337. [PMID: 33904218 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are important regulators of pregnancy and parturition. Aberrant expression of proinflammatory cytokines during pregnancy contributes towards preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The regulation of cytokine expression in human cells is highly complex, involving interactions between environment, transcription factors, and feedback mechanisms. Recent developments in epigenetic research have made tremendous advancements in exploring histone modifications as a key epigenetic regulator of cytokine expression and the effect of their signaling molecules on various organ systems in the human body. Histone acetylation and subsequent deacetylation by histone deacetylases (HDACs) are major epigenetic regulators of protein expression in the human body. The expression of various proinflammatory cytokines, their role in normal and abnormal pregnancy, and their epigenetic regulation via HDACs will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl K Munro
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Biju Balakrishnan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Abbey C Lissaman
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Palak Gujral
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna P Ponnampalam
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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29
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Gu Y, Wu X, Zhang J, Fang Y, Pan Y, Shu Y, Ma P. The evolving landscape of N 6-methyladenosine modification in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1703-1715. [PMID: 33839323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME), controlled by intrinsic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and epigenetic modifications, has, in recent years, become a heavily researched topic. The TME can be described in terms of hypoxia, metabolic dysregulation, immune escape, and chronic inflammation. RNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, has recently been found to have a pivotal role in shaping the TME. The N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) modification is the most common type of RNA methylation that occurs in the N6-position of adenosine, which is the primary internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that m6A regulates transcriptional and protein expression through splicing, translation, degradation, and export, thereby mediating the biological processes of cancer cells and/or stromal cells and characterizing the TME. The TME also has a crucial role in the complicated regulatory network of m6A modifications and, subsequently, influences tumor initiation, progression, and therapy responses. In this review, we describe the features of the TME and how the m6A modification modulates and interacts with it. We also focus on various factors and pathways involved in m6A methylation. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies and prognostic biomarkers with respect to the TME and m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Clinic School of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Pan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Saleh HA, Yousef MH, Abdelnaser A. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Phytochemicals and Their Effects on Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606069. [PMID: 33868227 PMCID: PMC8044831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune response induces positive inflammatory transducers and regulators in order to attack pathogens, while simultaneously negative signaling regulators are transcribed to maintain innate immune homeostasis and to avoid persistent inflammatory immune responses. The gene expression of many of these regulators is controlled by different epigenetic modifications. The remarkable impact of epigenetic changes in inducing or suppressing inflammatory signaling is being increasingly recognized. Several studies have highlighted the interplay of histone modification, DNA methylation, and post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated modifications in inflammatory diseases, and inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. Targeting these epigenetic alterations affords the opportunity of attenuating different inflammatory dysregulations. In this regard, many studies have identified the significant anti-inflammatory properties of distinct naturally-derived phytochemicals, and revealed their regulatory capacity. In the current review, we demonstrate the signaling cascade during the immune response and the epigenetic modifications that take place during inflammation. Moreover, we also provide an updated overview of phytochemicals that target these mechanisms in macrophages and other experimental models, and go on to illustrate the effects of these phytochemicals in regulating epigenetic mechanisms and attenuating aberrant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy A. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Yousef
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Public Health, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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31
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Dutkowska A, Szmyd B, Kaszkowiak M, Domańska-Senderowska D, Pastuszak-Lewandoska D, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Kordiak J, Antczak A. Expression of inflammatory interleukins and selected miRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5092. [PMID: 33658555 PMCID: PMC7930048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumours are characterised by an ability to avoid immune destruction and the presence of cancer-associated inflammation. Better understanding of the link between lung cancer and such inflammation is vital for early detection and personalized treatment. Thus, we examined the mRNA expression of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and miR-9, miR-122 as potential useful biomarkers of NSCLC. Tumour tissues, non-cancerous tissue and blood samples were collected from 39 patients with primary NSCLC undergoing surgical treatment. The selected RNA was isolated from tissue samples and selected miRNAs from peripheral blood exosomes. This RNA was transcribed to cDNA and quantified using RT-qPCR. Significantly higher expression of the selected interleukins was observed in non-cancerous than tumour tissue, and IL-6 was significantly higher in the tumour tissue of patients with a history of ≤ 40 pack-years (PYs) (2.197, IQR: 0.821-4.415) than in those with > 40 PYs (0.461, IQR: 0.372-0.741; p = 0.037). It is clear that inflammatory processes play a role in NSCLC, as indicated by the upregulation of IL-1β and IL-6 in tumour and adjacent tissue, and that smoking has a strong influence on inflammation in tumourigenesis, demonstrated by the upregulation of IL-6 in tumour samples among patients with ≤ 40 PYs compared to > 40 PYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Dutkowska
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kaszkowiak
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Jacek Kordiak
- Department of Chest Surgery, General and Oncological Surgery, University Teaching Hospital No. 2, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Antczak
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), monoclonal antibodies to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 or its ligand PD-L1 are rapidly changing the treatment landscape and prognosis of many cancer types. Following their initial approval in melanoma in 2011, ICIs are now approved in many other cancers. Despite the long-term, durable response that can be noted with ICIs, the majority of patients do not respond to ICIs and some of the initial responders develop relapsed disease during their treatment course. In order to improve the response rate to ICIs, an understanding of the mechanisms of resistance is critical. Given the number of different ways cancers can become resistant to ICIs, patient-rather than population-based strategies to reverse resistance will likely be needed. We review the currently defined mechanisms of resistance to ICIs and discuss possible methods to overcome these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Management of epigenomic networks entailed in coronavirus infections and COVID-19. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:118. [PMID: 32758273 PMCID: PMC7404079 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are highly diverse single-stranded RNA viruses owing to their susceptibility to numerous genomic mutations and recombination. Such viruses involve human and animal pathogens including the etiologic agents of acute respiratory tract illnesses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the highly morbific SARS-CoV-2. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging disease with a quick rise in infected cases and deaths, was recently identified causing a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 disease outcomes were found to increase in elderly and patients with a compromised immune system. Evidences indicated that the main culprit behind COVID-19 deaths is the cytokine storm, which is illustrated by an uncontrolled over-production of soluble markers of inflammation. The regulation process of coronavirus pathogenesis through molecular mechanism comprise virus-host interactions linked to viral entry, replication and transcription, escape, and immune system control. Recognizing coronavirus infections and COVID-19 through epigenetics lens will lead to potential alteration in gene expression thus limiting coronavirus infections. Focusing on epigenetic therapies reaching clinical trials, clinically approved epigenetic-targeted agents, and combination therapy of antivirals and epigenetic drugs is currently considered an effective and valuable approach for viral replication and inflammatory overdrive control.
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Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051164. [PMID: 32397183 PMCID: PMC7291154 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has emerged implicating epigenetic alterations in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) origin and progression. IBC is a rare and rapidly progressing disease, considered the most aggressive type of breast cancer (BC). At clinical presentation, IBC is characterized by diffuse erythema, skin ridging, dermal lymphatic invasion, and peau d'orange aspect. The widespread distribution of the tumor as emboli throughout the breast and intra- and intertumor heterogeneity is associated with its poor prognosis. In this review, we highlighted studies documenting the essential roles of epigenetic mechanisms in remodeling chromatin and modulating gene expression during mammary gland differentiation and the development of IBC. Compiling evidence has emerged implicating epigenetic changes as a common denominator linking the main risk factors (socioeconomic status, environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors, racial disparities, and obesity) with IBC development. DNA methylation changes and their impact on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of IBC are also described. Recent studies are focusing on the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors as promising epigenetic drugs for treating IBC. All efforts must be undertaken to unravel the epigenetic marks that drive this disease and how this knowledge could impact strategies to reduce the risk of IBC development and progression.
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A role for IL-34 in osteolytic disease of multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2020; 3:541-551. [PMID: 30782613 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that grows in multiple sites of the axial skeleton and causes debilitating osteolytic disease. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a newly discovered cytokine that acts as a ligand of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor and can replace CSF-1 for osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we identify IL-34 as an osteoclastogenic cytokine that accelerates osteolytic disease in MM. IL-34 was found to be expressed in the murine MM cell line MOPC315.BM, and the expression of IL-34 was enhanced by stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines or by bone marrow (BM) stromal cells. MM-cell-derived IL-34 promoted osteoclast formation from mouse BM cells in vitro. Targeting Il34 by specific small interfering RNA impaired osteoclast formation in vitro and attenuated osteolytic disease in vivo. In BM aspirates from MM patients, the expression levels of IL-34 in CD138+ populations vary among patients from high to weak to absent. MM cell-derived IL-34 promoted osteoclast formation from human CD14+ monocytes, which was reduced by a neutralizing antibody against IL-34. Taken together, this study describes for the first time the expression of IL-34 in MM cells, indicating that it may enhance osteolysis and suggesting IL-34 as a potential therapeutic target to control pathological osteoclastogenesis in MM patients.
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Ghavidel AA, Shiari R, Hassan-Zadeh V, Farivar S. The expression of DNMTs is dramatically decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of male patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:182-186. [PMID: 31901404 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease, which affects primarily the joints in children under 16 years old. The etiology of JIA is yet unknown but research has shown that JIA is a multifactorial disease implicating several genes and environmental factors. Environmental factors affect immune cells via epigenetic mechanisms. One of the most important epigenetic mechanisms is DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and usually associated with gene silencing. In this study, we analyzed the expression of three DNA methyltransferases namely DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with JIA and compared it with the expression of these genes in healthy young individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 28 JIA patients and 28 healthy controls were isolated. Total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized and the transcript levels of DNMTs were analyzed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Analysis of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b relative gene expression in PBMCs of JIA patients and control individuals shows that the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a is reduced significantly by 7 folds and 5.5 folds, respectively, in JIA patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the expression of all three DNMTs were significantly and drastically reduced in young affected males compared to healthy males. CONCLUSION This study shows that the expression of DNMTs is reduced in JIA patients and this reduction is severe in male JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Abdi Ghavidel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Mofid Children's Hospital, Pediatrics Infectious Research Center (PIRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Hassan-Zadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran.
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Sueta D, Tabata N, Ikeda S, Saito Y, Ozaki K, Sakata K, Matsumura T, Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, Murakami Y, Jodai T, Fukushima S, Yoshida N, Kamba T, Araki E, Iwase H, Fujii K, Ihn H, Kobayashi Y, Minamino T, Yamagishi M, Maemura K, Baba H, Matsui K, Tsujita K. Differential predictive factors for cardiovascular events in patients with or without cancer history. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17602. [PMID: 31689764 PMCID: PMC6946347 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although attention has been paid to the relationship between malignant diseases and cardiovascular diseases, few data have been reported. Moreover, there have also been few reports in which the preventive factors were examined in patients with or without malignant disease histories requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study. A total of 1003 post-PCI patients were divided into a malignant group, with current or past malignant disease, and a nonmalignant group. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, and admission due to heart failure within 5 years of PCI. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly higher probability of the primary endpoint in the malignant group (P = .002). Multivariable Cox hazard analyses showed that in patients without a history of malignant, body mass index (BMI) and the presence of dyslipidemia were independent and significant negative predictors of the primary endpoint (BMI: hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-0.99, P = .041; prevalence of dyslipidemia: HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52-0.99, P = .048), and the presence of multi-vessel disease (MVD) and the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) were independent and significant positive predictors of the primary endpoint (prevalence of MVD: HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.18-2.40, P = .004; prevalence of PAD: HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.03-2.21, P = .034). In patients with histories of malignancy, no significant independent predictive factors were identified.Patients undergoing PCI with malignancy had significantly higher rates of adverse cardiovascular events but might not have the conventional prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Noriaki Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Kazuyuki Ozaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata
| | - Kenji Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | | | | | - Takayuki Jodai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Division of Translational Research and Advanced Treatment Against Gastrointestinal Cancer
| | | | - Eiichi Araki
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Hirotaka Iwase
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kazuhiko Fujii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki
| | - Hideo Baba
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Kunihiko Matsui
- Community, Family, and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
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Wnuk K, Sudol J, Givechian KB, Soon-Shiong P, Rabizadeh S, Szeto C, Vaske C. Deep Learning Implicitly Handles Tissue Specific Phenomena to Predict Tumor DNA Accessibility and Immune Activity. iScience 2019; 20:119-136. [PMID: 31563852 PMCID: PMC6823659 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA accessibility is a key dynamic feature of chromatin regulation that can potentiate transcriptional events and tumor progression. To gain insight into chromatin state across existing tumor data, we improved neural network models for predicting accessibility from DNA sequence and extended them to incorporate a global set of RNA sequencing gene expression inputs. Our expression-informed model expanded the application domain beyond specific tissue types to tissues not present in training and achieved consistently high accuracy in predicting DNA accessibility at promoter and promoter flank regions. We then leveraged our new tool by analyzing the DNA accessibility landscape of promoters across The Cancer Genome Atlas. We show that in lung adenocarcinoma the accessibility perspective uniquely highlights immune pathways inversely correlated with a more open chromatin state and that accessibility patterns learned from even a single tumor type can discriminate immune inflammation across many cancers, often with direct relation to patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wnuk
- ImmunityBio Inc., Culver City, CA 90232, USA.
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Zhang L, Tian S, Pei M, Zhao M, Wang L, Jiang Y, Yang T, Zhao J, Song L, Yang X. Crosstalk between histone modification and DNA methylation orchestrates the epigenetic regulation of the costimulatory factors, Tim‑3 and galectin‑9, in cervical cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2655-2669. [PMID: 31661141 PMCID: PMC6859457 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus is known to cause cervical cancer. The binding of the costimulatory factors, Tim-3 and galectin-9, can cause immune tolerance and lead to immune escape during carcinogenesis. Epigenetic regulation is essential for Tim-3/galectin-9 expression, which affects the outcome of local cervical cancer infection. Hence, exploring the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of costimulatory signaling by Tim-3/galectin-9 is of great interest for investigating the mechanisms through which these proteins are regulated in cervical cancer tumorigenesis. In this study, we report that E2F-1 and FOXM1 mediated by HPV18 E6 and E7 can enhance the transcriptional activity of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) by binding to its promoter region, resulting in the induced expression of the EZH2-specific target protein, H3K27me3, which consequently reduces the expression of the downstream target gene, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A). EZH2 and H3K27me3 directly interact with the DNMT3A promoter region to negatively regulate its expression in HeLa cells. Moreover, the downregulated DNMT3A and the decreased methylation levels in HAVCR2/LGALS9 promoter regions in HeLa cells promoted the expression of Tim-3/galectin-9. Furthermore, the high expression of Tim-3/galectin-9 was associated with HPV positivity among patients with cervical cancer. Moreover, HAVCR2/LGALS9 promoter regions were hypermethylated in normal cervical tissues, and this hypermethylated status inhibited gene expression. On the whole, these findings suggest that EZH2, H3K27me3 and DNMT3A mediate the epigenetic regulation of the negative stimulatory molecules, Tim-3 and galectin-9 in cervical cancer which is associated with HPV18 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sijuan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Minyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Song
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Morris G, Berk M, Maes M, Carvalho AF, Puri BK. Socioeconomic Deprivation, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Medical Disorders in Adulthood: Mechanisms and Associations. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5866-5890. [PMID: 30685844 PMCID: PMC6614134 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe socioeconomic deprivation (SED) and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are significantly associated with the development in adulthood of (i) enhanced inflammatory status and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and (ii) neurological, neuroprogressive, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms by which these associations take place are detailed. The two sets of consequences are themselves strongly associated, with the first set likely contributing to the second. Mechanisms enabling bidirectional communication between the immune system and the brain are described, including complex signalling pathways facilitated by factors at the level of immune cells. Also detailed are mechanisms underpinning the association between SED, ACE and the genesis of peripheral inflammation, including epigenetic changes to immune system-related gene expression. The duration and magnitude of inflammatory responses can be influenced by genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, and by epigenetic factors, whereby pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species and nuclear factor-κB affect gene DNA methylation and histone acetylation and also induce several microRNAs including miR-155, miR-181b-1 and miR-146a. Adult HPA axis activity is regulated by (i) genetic factors, such as glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms; (ii) epigenetic factors affecting glucocorticoid receptor function or expression, including the methylation status of alternative promoter regions of NR3C1 and the methylation of FKBP5 and HSD11β2; (iii) chronic inflammation and chronic nitrosative and oxidative stress. Finally, it is shown how severe psychological stress adversely affects mitochondrial structure and functioning and is associated with changes in brain mitochondrial DNA copy number and transcription; mitochondria can act as couriers of childhood stress into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Cole E, Ray JL, Bolten S, Hamilton RF, Shaw PK, Postma B, Buford M, Holian A, Cho YH. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes of Varying Size Lead to DNA Methylation Changes That Correspond to Lung Inflammation and Injury in a Mouse Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1545-1553. [PMID: 31265265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diversity in physicochemical properties of engineered multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) increases the complexity involved in interpreting toxicity studies of these materials. Studies indicate that epigenetic changes could be at least partially involved in MWCNTs-induced pro-inflammatory and fibrotic lung pathology. Therefore, we examined distinct methylation changes in response to MWCNTs of varied sizes to identify potential epigenetic biomarkers of MWCNTs exposure and disease progression. C57BL/6 mice were exposed via oropharyngeal instillation to a single dose (50 μg) to one of three differently sized MWCNTs: "narrow short" (NS), "wide short" (WS), and "narrow long" (NL). Vehicle-treated control mice received dispersion media (DM) only. Whole lung lavage fluid (LLF) and lung tissue were collected 24 h and 7 days postexposure to evaluate pro-inflammatory cytokines, epigenetic, or histological responses at acute and subchronic intervals, respectively. Luminometric methylation assay and pyrosequencing were used to measure global DNA methylation as well as promoter methylation of inflammation and fibrosis-related genes, respectively. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, while airway thickening and interstitial collagen accumulation were measured in 7-day lung tissue using laser scanning cytometry. Distinct patterns of methylation (i.e., IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α) among the different sized MWCNTs at 24 h postexposure corresponded to some pro-inflammatory cytokine measurements from whole LLF. Fibrosis-related gene, Thy-1, was significantly hypermethylated after exposures to WS and NL MWCNTs, while only NL MWCNTs induced significantly lower global DNA methylation. After 7 days, a hierarchy in airway thickness and interstitial collagen deposition was observed: NS < WS < NL. However, only airway thickness was significantly greater in the WS and NL MWCNTs-exposed groups than the DM-exposed group. These data suggest that methylation changes could be involved in the initial immune response of inflammation and tissue remodeling that precedes lung disease in response to different MWCNTs sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cole
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Jessica L Ray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Shannon Bolten
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Raymond F Hamilton
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Pamela K Shaw
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Britten Postma
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Mary Buford
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
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Akgun O, Erkisa M, Ari F. Effective and new potent drug combination: Histone deacetylase and Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors in lung carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15467-15482. [PMID: 31037769 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. In this study, the therapeutic effect of combination valproic acid and niclosamide was investigated on human lung cancer cell line. The effects of the compounds alone and combination therapy on cell viability were determined by sulforhodamine B and adenosine 5'-triphosphate viability assays. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell death mechanism and DNA damage levels responsible for the cytotoxic effects of combination therapy. The presence of apoptosis in cells was supported by fluorescence microscopy and also by using inhibitors of the apoptotic signaling pathway. The increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in combination therapy was determined by H2DCFDA staining. The effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine combination on ROS increase was investigated on cell viability. In addition, the expression levels of the proteins associated with epigenetic regulation and cell death were analyzed by Western blotting and gene expression levels were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.It was observed that the combination therapy showed a cytotoxic effect on the A549 lung cancer cells compared to the individual use of the inhibitors. The absence of this effect on normal lung cells revealed the presence of a selective toxic effect. When the mechanism of cytotoxicity is examined, it has been observed that combination therapy initiates the activation of tumor necrosis receptors and causes apoptosis by activated caspase. It was also observed that this extrinsic apoptotic pathway was activated on the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, ER stress and mitochondrial membrane potential loss associated with increased ROS levels induce cell death. When the data in this study were evaluated, combination therapy caused a dramatic decrease in cell viability by inducing the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in lung cancer cell line. Therefore, it was concluded that it can be used as an effective and new treatment option for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguzhan Akgun
- Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Merve Erkisa
- Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Cardin LT, Prates J, da Cunha BR, Tajara EH, Oliani SM, Rodrigues-Lisoni FC. Annexin A1 peptide and endothelial cell-conditioned medium modulate cervical tumorigenesis. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:668-681. [PMID: 30984541 PMCID: PMC6443877 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide, and its tumorigenesis can be influenced by the microenvironment. The anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been reported to be associated with cancer progression and metastasis, suggesting that it plays a role in regulating tumour cell proliferation. Here, we examined the effect of the N-terminal peptide Ac2-26 of ANXA1 on the HaCaT cell line (normal) and HeLa cell line (cervical cancer) co-cultured with endothelium cell-conditioned medium (HMC). Treatment with Ac2-26 decreased proliferation and increased motility of cervical cancer cells, but did not affect cellular morphology or viability. Combined HMC stimulus and Ac2-26 treatment resulted in an increase in apoptotic HeLa cells, upregulated expression of MMP2, and downregulated expression of COX2,EP3 and EP4. In conclusion, Ac2-26 treatment may modulate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Toniol Cardin
- Institute of Bioscience, Humanities and Exact Science São Paulo State University (Unesp) São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Janesly Prates
- Institute of Bioscience, Humanities and Exact Science São Paulo State University (Unesp) São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Bianca Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Molecular Biology School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Eloiza Helena Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- Institute of Bioscience, Humanities and Exact Science São Paulo State University (Unesp) São José do Rio Preto Brazil
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45
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Zou D, Xu L, Li H, Ma Y, Gong Y, Guo T, Jing Z, Xu X, Zhang Y. Role of abnormal microRNA expression in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric cancer. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:239-251. [PMID: 30776938 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1575793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). HP infection may induce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and abnormally increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines in mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach. However, the specific mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of HP-associated GC is still poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that abnormal microRNA expression may affect the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach to further influence GC occurrence, development, and metastasis. Herein, we summarize the role of abnormal microRNAs in the regulation of HP-associated GC progression. Abnormal microRNA expression in HP-positive GC may be a biomarker for GC diagnosis, occurrence, and development as well as its targeted treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zou
- a The First laboratory of cancer institute , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ling Xu
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Heming Li
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,c Department of Oncology , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Yanju Ma
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,d Department of Medical Oncology , Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- e Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University , Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department , Shenyang , China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zhitao Jing
- f Department of Neurosurgery , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiuying Xu
- g Department of Gastroenterology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ye Zhang
- a The First laboratory of cancer institute , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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Chiocchetti GM, Vélez D, Devesa V. Effect of chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic on intestinal cells. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:899-907. [PMID: 30748021 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (As)-As(III) + As(V)-is associated with type 2 diabetes, vascular diseases and various types of cancer. Although the oral route is the main way of exposure to inorganic As, the adverse gastrointestinal effects produced by chronic exposure are not well documented. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to As(III) on the intestinal epithelium. For this purpose, NCM460 cells, non-transformed epithelial cells from the human colon, were exposed to As(III) (0.01-0.2 mg/L) for 6 months and monitored for acquisition of a tumor-like phenotype. Secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, histone modifications (H3 acetylation), hyperproliferation capacity, formation of floating spheres, anchorage-independent growth, release of cytokine interleukin-8 and expression of relevant genes in colon tumorigenesis were assessed. The results show a maintained proinflammatory response from the beginning, with an increase in interleukin-8 secretion (≤570%). Downregulation of CDX1 and CDX2 was also observed. After 14 weeks of exposure, cells presented marked increases in matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion and histone modifications. As(III)-treated cells were hyperproliferative, grew in low-serum media and were able to form free-floating spheres. Overall, these data suggest that exposure of human colon epithelial cells to As(III) facilitates acquisition of transformed cell characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M Chiocchetti
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Calle Agustín Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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47
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Xi D. Vitamin C in Cancer Therapeutics and Metastasis. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPEDIC RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2019; 10:1127. [PMID: 31179437 PMCID: PMC6553485 DOI: 10.29011/2575-8241.001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There have been significant increased publications of preclinical studies and clinical trials of vitamin C (ascorbate) on cancer therapeutics in the past a few years. In this communication reflecting my personal opinions, I will highlight the main points of current research status; discuss impacts of vitamin C on immune cell function and inflammation at tumor microenvironment, and tumor metastasis; and propose stimulating questions and direction for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xi
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis,
Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Rockville, USA
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Thankam FG, Boosani CS, Dilisio MF, Agrawal DK. Epigenetic mechanisms and implications in tendon inflammation (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:3-14. [PMID: 30387824 PMCID: PMC6257858 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular inflammation is not just an immediate response following pathogenic infections or resulting from damage due to injury, it is also associated with normal physiological functions, including wound healing and tissue repair. The existence of such a definitive role in normal physiology and in disease pathology indicates the presence of a regulatory mechanism that is tightly controlled in normal cells. A tight control over gene expression is associated with regulatory mechanisms in the cells, which can be either inducible or epigenetic. Among other intracellular mechanisms that contribute to epigenetic gene regulation, DNA methylation has been shown to maintain a tight control over gene expression through the actions of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). With a clear role in developmental and tissue‑specific temporal gene regulation, the involvement of DNMTs is evident in normal and pathological conditions. In this review article, inflammation in tendons associated with disease pathology and tissue repair or regeneration at the musculoskeletal joints is critically reviewed. More specifically, the review focuses on known epigenetic mechanisms and their role in the clinical presentation of the disease in human joint disorders associated with tendon inflammation, with an emphasis on the gene regulatory mechanisms that are controlled through DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew F. Dilisio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Naidoo V, Naidoo M, Ghai M. Cell- and tissue-specific epigenetic changes associated with chronic inflammation in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12723. [PMID: 30589455 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia, which can cause micro- and macrovascular complications. Chronic inflammation may be the cause and result of T2DM, and its related complications as an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines can affect immune functions. Apart from genetic changes occurring within the body resulting in inflammation in T2DM, epigenetic modifications can modify gene expression in response to environmental cues such as an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and obesity. The most widely studied epigenetic modification, DNA methylation (DNAm), regulates gene expression and may manipulate inflammatory genes to increase or decrease inflammation associated with T2DM. This review explores the studies related to epigenetic changes, more specifically DNAm, associated with chronic inflammation in T2DM, at both the cell and tissue levels. Studying epigenetic alterations during inflammatory response, as a result of genetic and environmental signals, creates opportunities for the development of "early detection/relative risk" tests to aid in prevention of T2DM. Understanding inflammation in T2DM at the gene level in inflammation-associated cells and tissues may provide further insight for the development of specific therapeutic targets for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velosha Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Merusha Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Meenu Ghai
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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50
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Huang LH, Kuo HC, Pan CT, Lin YS, Huang YH, Li SC. Multiomics analyses identified epigenetic modulation of the S100A gene family in Kawasaki disease and their significant involvement in neutrophil transendothelial migration. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:135. [PMID: 30382880 PMCID: PMC6211403 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a prevalent pediatric disease worldwide and can cause coronary artery aneurysm as a severe complication. Typically, DNA methylation is thought to repress the expression of nearby genes. However, the cases in which DNA methylation promotes gene expression have been reported. In addition, globally, to what extent DNA methylation affects gene expression and how it contributes to the pathogenesis of KD are not yet well understood. Methods To address these important biological questions, we enrolled subjects, collected DNA and RNA samples from the subjects’ total white blood cells, and performed DNA methylation (M450K) and gene expression (HTA 2.0) microarray assays. Results By analyzing the variation ratios of CpG beta values (methylation percentage) and gene expression intensities, we first concluded that the CpG markers close (− 1500 bp to + 500 bp) to the transcription start sites had higher variation ratios, reflecting significant regulation capacities. Next, we observed that, globally speaking, gene expression was modestly negatively correlated (correlation rho ≈ − 0.2) with the DNA methylation status of both upstream and downstream CpG markers in the promoter region. Third, we found that specific CpG markers were hypo-methylated in disease samples compared with healthy samples and hyper-methylated in convalescent samples compared with disease samples, promoting and repressing S100A genes’ expressions, respectively. Finally, using an in vitro cell model, we demonstrated that S100A family proteins enhanced leukocyte transendothelial migration in KD. Conclusions This is the first study to integrate genome-wide DNA methylation with gene expression assays in KD and showed that the S100A family plays important roles in the pathogenesis of KD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0557-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Hung Huang
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 12th Floor, Children's Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tsung Pan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shin Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 12th Floor, Children's Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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