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Lee HJ, Cho HR, Bang M, Lee YS, Kim YJ, Chong K. Potential Risk of Choline Alfoscerate on Isoflurane-Induced Toxicity in Primary Human Astrocytes. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2024; 67:418-430. [PMID: 37859347 PMCID: PMC11220420 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2023.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isoflurane, a widely used common inhalational anesthetic agent, can induce brain toxicity. The challenge lies in protecting neurologically compromised patients from neurotoxic anesthetics. Choline alfoscerate (L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine, α-GPC) is recognized for its neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress and inflammation, but its optimal therapeutic window and indications are still under investigation. This study explores the impact of α-GPC on human astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain that protect against oxidative stress, under isoflurane exposure. METHODS This study was designed to examine changes in factors related to isoflurane-induced toxicity following α-GPC administration. Primary human astrocytes were pretreated with varying doses of α-GPC (ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM) for 24 hours prior to 2.5% isoflurane exposure. In vitro analysis of cell morphology, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteome profiler array, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted. RESULTS A significant morphological damage to human astrocytes was observed in the group that had been pretreated with 10.0 mM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane. A decrease in cell viability was identified in the group pretreated with 10.0 μM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane compared to the group exposed only to 2.5% isoflurane. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that mRNA expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which were reduced by isoflurane, was further suppressed by 10.0 μM α-GPC pretreatment. The proteome profiler array demonstrated that α-GPC pretreatment influenced a variety of factors associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing identified pathways significantly related to changes in isoflurane-induced toxicity caused by α-GPC pretreatment. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that α-GPC pretreatment could potentially enhance the vulnerability of primary human astrocytes to isoflurane-induced toxicity by diminishing the expression of antioxidant factors, potentially leading to amplified cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Photo-Theranosis and Bioinformatics for Tumor Laboratory, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Song Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyuha Chong
- Photo-Theranosis and Bioinformatics for Tumor Laboratory, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Burbaitė E, Čechovičienė S, Sarapinienė I, Karvelienė B, Riškevičienė V, Daunoras G, Juodžentė D. Effects of Medetomidine-Butorphanol and Medetomidine-Buprenorphine on Oxidative Stress and Vital Parameters in Dogs Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1349. [PMID: 38731353 PMCID: PMC11083284 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is caused by an imbalance between the production of oxygen-containing free radicals and their elimination. General anesthesia increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore causes oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine the effects of medetomidine-butorphanol (MEDBUT) and medetomidine-buprenorphine (MEDBUP) on oxidative stress and cardiorespiratory parameters in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). Ten healthy female dogs were randomly assigned to two groups: the MEDBUT group (n = 5) received medetomidine and butorphanol, while the MEDBUP group (n = 5) received medetomidine and buprenorphine. OS was evaluated by measuring total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) during five different time points (from the administration of anesthetic drugs to 2 h after surgery). The observed vital cardiorespiratory parameters included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), noninvasive systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressures, oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), and body temperature (BT). Cardiorespiratory parameters were altered at a significantly greater degree in animals sedated with MEDBUT (p < 0.05). The administration of medetomidine-butorphanol was more likely to increase OS parameters, while medetomidine-buprenorphine showed decreased levels of oxidative stress throughout the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Burbaitė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
| | - Sandra Čechovičienė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Sarapinienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave 15, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Karvelienė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vita Riškevičienė
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Gintaras Daunoras
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Juodžentė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str 18, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Rocha TLA, Borges TF, Rodrigues SD, Martins LZ, da Silva MLS, Bonacio GF, Rizzi E, Dias-Junior CA. Sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia induce redox imbalance, but only sevoflurane impairs vascular contraction. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:937-946. [PMID: 37085979 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics may cause vascular dysfunction; however, underlying effects are unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sevoflurane and isoflurane affect vascular function, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups: Not anesthetized (control group) or submitted to anesthesia with isoflurane (Iso group) or sevoflurane (Sevo group). Hemodynamic parameters were monitored during anesthesia, and blood gas values and biochemical determinants were analyzed. Isometric contractions were recorded in aortic rings. Vasoconstriction induced by potassium chloride (KCl) and phenylephrine (Phe) were measured. No differences in hemodynamic parameters and blood gasses variables were observed. Impaired KCl and Phe-induced contractions were observed in endothelium-intact aorta of Sevo compared to Iso and Control groups. Redox imbalance was found in Sevo and Iso groups. Reduced NO bioavailability and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) were observed in Sevo, but not in the Iso group. While reduced IL-10 and IL-1β were observed in Sevo, increases in IL-1β in the Iso group were found. Sevoflurane, but not isoflurane, anesthesia impairs vasocontraction, and reduced NO and cytokines and increased MMP-2 activity may be involved in vascular dysfunction after sevoflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita L A Rocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teubislete F Borges
- Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Serginara D Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laisla Z Martins
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L S da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele F Bonacio
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Rizzi
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, UNAERP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Dias-Junior
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Consales G, Cappellini I, Freschi B, Campiglia L, Parise M, Zamidei L. Sevoflurane sedation in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: an observational study with a propensity score matching model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1267691. [PMID: 37780555 PMCID: PMC10540812 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The management of severe COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) often involves deep sedation. This study evaluated the efficacy of sevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, as an alternative to traditional intravenous sedation in this patient population. Methods This single-center, retrospective cohort study enrolled 112 patients with C-ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. A propensity score matching model was utilized to pair 56 patients receiving sevoflurane sedation with 56 patients receiving intravenous sedation. The primary outcome was mortality, with secondary outcomes being changes in oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 ratio), pulmonary compliance, and levels of D-Dimer, CRP, and creatinine. Results The use of sevoflurane was associated with a statistically significant reduction in mortality (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.87, beta = -0.9, p = 0.02). In terms of secondary outcomes, an increase in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and pulmonary static compliance was observed, although the results were not statistically significant. No significant differences were noted in the levels of D-Dimer, CRP, and creatinine between the two groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest an association between the use of sevoflurane and improved outcomes in C-ARDS patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. However, due to the single-center, retrospective design of the study, caution should be taken in interpreting these results, and further research is needed to corroborate these findings. The study offers promising insights into potential alternative sedation strategies in the management of severe C-ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Consales
- Department of Critical Care, Section of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato, Italy
| | - Iacopo Cappellini
- Department of Critical Care, Section of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato, Italy
| | - Benedetta Freschi
- Department of Critical Care, Section of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato, Italy
| | - Laura Campiglia
- Department of Critical Care, Section of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato, Italy
| | - Maddalena Parise
- Anesthesia Unit, Castellanza Hospital, Multimedica Group, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Zamidei
- Department of Critical Care, Section of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato, Italy
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Aun AG, Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Nogueira FR, Souza KM, Lawi YSA, Guedes JL, Silva MAP, de Carvalho LR, Braz LG, Braz MG. High anesthetic exposure leads to oxidative damage and gene expression changes in physicians during medical residency: a cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27577-y. [PMID: 37184787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the possible toxic effects of occupational exposure to anesthetics is of great importance, and the literature is limited in assessing the possible association between occupational exposure to anesthetics and oxidative stress and genetic damage. To contribute to the gap of knowledge in relation to cause-effect, this cohort study was the first to monitor exposure assessment and to evaluate oxidative stress, DNA damage, and gene expression (OGG1, NRF2, HO-1, and TP53) in young adult physicians occupationally exposed to the most modern halogenated anesthetics (currently the commonly used inhalational anesthetics worldwide) in addition to nitrous oxide gas during the medical residency period. Therefore, the physicians were evaluated before the beginning of the medical residency (before the exposure to anesthetics-baseline), during (1 1/2 year) and at the end (2 1/2 years) of the medical residency. Anesthetic air monitoring was performed in operating rooms without adequate ventilation/scavenging systems, and biological samples were analyzed for lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, primary and oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant enzymes and plasma antioxidant capacity, and expression of some key genes. The results showed induction of lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, glutathione peroxidase activity, and NRF2 and OGG1 expression up to the end of medical residency. Plasma antioxidant capacity progressively increased throughout medical residency; oxidative DNA damage levels started to increase during medical residency and were higher at the end of residency than at baseline. Protein carbonyls increased during but not at the end of medical residency compared to baseline. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity remained lower than baseline during and at the end of medical residency, and HO-1 (related to antioxidant defense) expression was downregulated at the end of medical residency. Additionally, anesthetic concentrations were above international recommendations. In conclusion, high concentrations of anesthetic in the workplace induce oxidative stress, gene expression modulation, and genotoxicity in physicians during their specialization period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline G Aun
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Flávia R Nogueira
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kátina M Souza
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Youssef S A Lawi
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Júlia L Guedes
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariane A P Silva
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil.
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de Lima A, O'Gara BP, Baedorf Kassis EN. Usefulness of Inhaled Sedation in Patients With Severe ARDS Due to COVID-19. Respir Care 2023; 68:437-439. [PMID: 36828582 PMCID: PMC10027152 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres de Lima
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian P O'Gara
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elias N Baedorf Kassis
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu T, Chen X, Wei Z, Han X, Liu Y, Ma Z, Xia T, Gu X. PPARα agonist fenofibrate prevents postoperative cognitive dysfunction by enhancing fatty acid oxidation in mice. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220317. [PMID: 38023298 PMCID: PMC10656729 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to high rates of incidence and disability, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) currently receives a lot of clinical attention. Disturbance of fatty acid oxidation is a potential pathophysiological manifestation underlying POCD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a significant transcription factor of fatty acid oxidation that facilitates the transfer of fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation. The potential role of PPARα intervention in POCD warrants consideration. Objective The present study is aimed to investigate whether PPARα agonist fenofibrate (FF) could protect long-term isoflurane anesthesia-induced POCD model and to explore the potential underlying function of fatty acid oxidation in the process. Methods We established the POCD model via 6 h long-term isoflurane anesthesia in vivo with C57BL/6J mice and in vitro with N2a cells. Cells and mice were pretreated with PPARα agonist FF before anesthesia, after which fatty acid oxidation and cognitive function were assessed. The level of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins was determined using western blotting. The contextual fear conditioning test was utilized to evaluate mice's learning and memory. Results Our results showed that 6 h long-term isoflurane anesthesia induced contextual memory damage in mice, accompanied by decreases of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, and PPARα) both in the hippocampus of POCD mice and in N2a cells. In the N2a cell model, pretreatment of PPARα agonist FF led to the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation-related proteins. In vivo results showed that preconditioned FF reached similar effects. More crucially, FF has been shown to reduce cognitive damage in mice after long-term isoflurane anesthesia. Additionally, our data showed that after blocking fatty acid oxidation by Etomoxir, FF failed to protect cognitive function from long-term isoflurane anesthesia. Conclusions Pretreatment of PPARα agonist FF can protect against long-term isoflurane anesthesia-induced POCD by enhancing fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqi Wei
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
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Carsetti A, Vitali E, Pesaresi L, Antolini R, Casarotta E, Damiani E, Adrario E, Donati A. Anesthetic management of patients with sepsis/septic shock. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1150124. [PMID: 37035341 PMCID: PMC10076637 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1150124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, while septic shock is a subset of sepsis with persistent hypotension requiring vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of ≥65 mmHg and having a serum lactate level of >2 mmol/L, despite adequate volume resuscitation. Sepsis and septic shock are medical emergencies and time-dependent diseases with a high mortality rate for which early identification, early antibiotic therapy, and early source control are paramount for patient outcomes. The patient may require surgical intervention or an invasive procedure aiming to control the source of infection, and the anesthesiologist has a pivotal role in all phases of patient management. During the preoperative assessment, patients should be aware of all possible organ dysfunctions, and the severity of the disease combined with the patient's physiological reserve should be carefully assessed. All possible efforts should be made to optimize conditions before surgery, especially from a hemodynamic point of view. Anesthetic agents may worsen the hemodynamics of shock patients, and the anesthesiologist must know the properties of each anesthetic agent. All possible efforts should be made to maintain organ perfusion supporting hemodynamics with fluids, vasoactive agents, and inotropes if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carsetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Carsetti
| | - Eva Vitali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Pesaresi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Antolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erika Casarotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Damiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erica Adrario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Abele Donati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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9
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Song Y, Paik HC, Kim N, Jung H, Lee JG, Yoo YC. Effect of Propofol versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Acute Kidney Injury after Lung Transplantation Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226862. [PMID: 36431341 PMCID: PMC9697298 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effects of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following lung transplantation (LTx) surgery. Sixty adult patients undergoing bilateral LTx were randomized to receive either inhalation of sevoflurane or continuous infusion of propofol for general anesthesia. The primary outcomes were AKI incidence according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria and blood biomarker of kidney injury, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C levels within 48 h of surgery. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and superoxide dismutase were measured before and after surgery. The post-operative 30-day morbidity and long-term mortality were also assessed. Significantly fewer patients in the propofol group developed AKI compared with the sevoflurane group (13% vs. 38%, p = 0.030). NGAL levels were significantly lower in the propofol group at immediately after, 24 h, and 48 h post-operation. IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the propofol group immediately after surgery. AKI occurrence was significantly associated with a lower 5-year survival rate. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol reduced the AKI incidence in LTx compared with sevoflurane, which is understood to be mediated by the attenuation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Chae Paik
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Namo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gu Lee
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-G.L.); (Y.-c.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-4440 (Y.-c.Y.)
| | - Young-chul Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-G.L.); (Y.-c.Y.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-4440 (Y.-c.Y.)
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10
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Yılmaz H, Şengelen A, Demirgan S, Paşaoğlu HE, Çağatay M, Erman İE, Bay M, Güneyli HC, Önay-Uçar E. Acutely increased aquaporin-4 exhibits more potent protective effects in the cortex against single and repeated isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in the developing rat brain. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 33:279-292. [PMID: 36127839 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2127389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Damage to hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex associated with cognitive functions due to anesthetic-induced toxicity early in life may cause cognitive decline later. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a key protein in waste clearance pathway of brain, is involved in synaptic plasticity and neurocognition. We investigated the effects of single and repeated isoflurane (Iso) anesthesia on AQP4 levels and brain damage. Postnatal-day (P)7 Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to Iso or Control (C) groups. For single-exposure, pups were exposed to 1.5% Iso in 30% oxygenated-air for 3-h at P7 (Iso1). For repeated-exposure, pups were exposed to Iso for 3 days, 3-h each day, at 1-day intervals (P7 + 9+11) starting at P7 (Iso3). C1 and C3 groups received only 30% oxygenated-air. Based on HE-staining and immunoblotting (Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase3 and PARP1) analyses, Iso exposures caused a higher degree of apoptosis in hippocampus. Anesthesia increased 4HNE, oxidative stress marker; the highest ROS accumulation was determined in cerebellum. Increased inflammation (TNF-α, NF-κB) was detected. Multiple Iso-exposures caused more significant damage than single exposure. Moreover, 4HNE and TNF-α contributed synergistically to Iso-induced neurotoxicity. After anesthesia, higher expression of AQP4 was detected in cortex than hippocampus and cerebellum. There was an inverse correlation between increased AQP4 levels and apoptosis/ROS/inflammation. Correlation analysis indicated that AQP4 had a more substantial protective profile against oxidative stress than apoptosis. Remarkably, acutely increased AQP4 against Iso exhibited a more potent neuroprotective effect in cortex, especially frontal cortex. These findings promote further research to understand better the mechanisms underlying anesthesia-induced toxicity in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habip Yılmaz
- Department of Public Hospital Services, Istanbul Health Directorate, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Şengelen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Demirgan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüsniye Esra Paşaoğlu
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Çağatay
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Emre Erman
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bay
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Cem Güneyli
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Önay-Uçar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Comparison of thiol disulfide values in the cord blood of patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal or general anesthesia. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.1000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Oxidative stress is known to increase in patients receiving anesthesia before undergoing surgery. Since newborns are more sensitive to oxygen-free radicals, the effects and characteristics of anesthesia methods that are used for pregnant women require analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of spinal and general anesthesia on oxidative stress by investigating thiol disulfide and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) concentrations in the cord blood of patients undergoing cesarean section (C-section) via spinal or general anesthesia.
Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study included 60 patients who were indicated for elective cesarean section. Patients with chronic disease, pregnancy complications and/or required emergency cesareans were not included. Group 1 (n = 30) underwent general anesthesia, and Group 2 (n = 30) underwent spinal anesthesia during their C-sections. Thiol–disulfide levels were evaluated concurrently in all blood samples taken from the umbilical artery remaining on the placental side.
Results: The mean age (SD) of the mothers was 30.6 (4.4) years and the mean gestational age (SD) was 39.0 (0.9) weeks. Gestational age, birth weight, and first and fifth min Apgar scores of the two groups were similar. The mean (SD) native thiol (362.4 [63.8]; 323.2 [45.8]), total thiol (409.6 [70.2]; 363.5 [46.1]), and disulfide values (23.6 (5.4); 20.2 (4.3)) were significantly higher in group 1 than group 2, while the median (interquartile range [IQR]) values of IMA (0.89 (0.85-max 0.92); 0.85 (min 0.82-max 0.879) were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: As general anesthesia may cause a higher degree of oxidative stress, selecting the appropriate anesthetic technique may be especially important for risky pregnancies in which increased oxidative stress in the mother and baby may be critical for the outcome.
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12
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Microalgae as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Functional Foods and Pharmaceuticals. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are an untapped source of bioactive compounds with various biotechnological applications. Several species are industrially produced and commercialized for the feed or cosmetic industries, however, other applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical markets can be foreseen. In this study, nine industrial/commercial species were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant, calcium-chelating, anti-tumoral, and anti-inflammatory activities. The most promising extracts were fractionated yielding several promising fractions namely, of Tetraselmis striata CTP4 with anti-inflammatory activity (99.0 ± 0.8% reduction in TNF-α production in LPS stimulated human macrophages at 50 µg/mL), of Phaeodactylum Tricornutum with cytotoxicity towards cancerous cell lines (IC50 = 22.3 ± 1.8 μg/mL and 27.5 ± 1.6 μg/mL for THP-1 and HepG2, respectively) and of Porphyridium sp. and Skeletonema sp. with good chelating activity for iron, copper and calcium (IC50 = 0.047, 0.272, 0.0663 mg/mL and IC50 = 0.055, 0.240, 0.0850 mg/mL, respectively). These fractions were chemically characterized by GC–MS after derivatization and in all, fatty acids at various degrees of unsaturation were the most abundant compounds. Some of the species under study proved to be potentially valuable sources of antioxidant, metal chelators, anti-tumoral and anti-inflammatory compounds with possible application in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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13
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Lai HC, Kuo YW, Huang YH, Chan SM, Cheng KI, Wu ZF. Pancreatic Cancer and Microenvironments: Implications of Anesthesia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112684. [PMID: 35681664 PMCID: PMC9179559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignant neoplasm with less than 10% 5-year relative survival after the initial diagnosis. Several factors may be related to the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, including the rapid tumor progression, increased metastatic propensity, insignificant symptoms, shortage of early diagnostic biomarkers, and its tendency toward resistance to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Pancreatic neoplastic cells interact intimately with a complicated microenvironment that can foster drug resistance, metastasis, or relapse in pancreatic cancer. In addition, evidence shows that perioperative factors, including surgical manipulation, anesthetics, or analgesics, might alter the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression. This review outlines the up-to-date knowledge of anesthesia implications in the pancreatic microenvironment and provides future anesthetic strategies for improving pancreatic cancer survival. Abstract Pancreatic malignancy is a lethal neoplasm, as well as one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality, having a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 10%. The average life expectancy of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer does not exceed six months. Although surgical excision is a favorable modality for long-term survival of pancreatic neoplasm, metastasis is initially identified in nearly 80% of the patients by the time of diagnosis, making the development of therapeutic policy for pancreatic cancer extremely daunting. Emerging evidence shows that pancreatic neoplastic cells interact intimately with a complicated microenvironment that can foster drug resistance, metastasis, or relapse in pancreatic cancer. As a result, the necessity of gaining further insight should be focused on the pancreatic microenvironment contributing to cancer progression. Numerous evidence reveals that perioperative factors, including surgical manipulation and anesthetics (e.g., propofol, volatile anesthetics, local anesthetics, epidural anesthesia/analgesia, midazolam), analgesics (e.g., opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol), and anesthetic adjuvants (such as ketamine and dexmedetomidine), might alter the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression by affecting perioperative inflammatory or immune responses during cancer surgery. Therefore, the anesthesiologist plays an important role in perioperative management and may affect surgical outcomes. However, the literature on the impact of anesthesia on the pancreatic cancer microenvironment and progression is limited. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the implications of anesthesia in the pancreatic microenvironment and provides future anesthetic strategies for improving pancreatic cancer survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Chuan Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (K.-I.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Shun-Ming Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-M.C.)
| | - Kuang-I Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (K.-I.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Fu Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-M.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-W.K.); (K.-I.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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14
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Effects of Volatile Anaesthetics and Iron Dextran on Chronic Inflammation and Antioxidant Defense System in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040708. [PMID: 35453393 PMCID: PMC9025161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron, as an essential microelement, is involved in cell proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation. It also modulates the fate and function of macrophages in hematopoiesis and macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. On the other hand, anesthetics can affect the inflammatory process by modulating the response to stress or the functions of immune cells. The aim of this paper is to understand how excessive iron intake alters physiological, functional characteristics of peripheral tissues and whether different anesthetics can alter cell metabolism regarding oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation through regulation of macrophage polarization. Y59 rats were injected intraperitoneally with iron dextran solution at a dose of 50 mg/kg or were exposed to inhaled anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane and their combination for 28 days every other day. The results show that the use of anesthetics reduces the rat’s organ weight and increases OS in peripheral tissues, leading to M1 macrophage polarization. Excessive iron intake leads to increased OS, inflammation, and an increased ratio of IL-12/IL-10 cytokines to the M1 macrophage phenotype. Iron, in combination with sevoflurane, has a protective effect in tissues showing the M2 phenotype of macrophages. The combination of iron dextran and isoflurane in rats leads to an increase in the erythropoiesis process made possible through the induction of hypoxia.
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15
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Wilson ML, Thysell JA, Baumann KK, Quaranta DV, Liang WS, Erickson MA. Effects of Anesthesia on Ozone-Induced Lung and Systemic Inflammation. Lung 2022; 200:269-275. [PMID: 35199228 PMCID: PMC9038869 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anesthetics are required for procedures that deliver drugs/biologics, infectious/inflammatory agents, and toxicants directly to the lungs. However, the possible confounding effects of anesthesia on lung inflammation and injury are underreported. Here, we evaluated the effects of two commonly used anesthetic regimens on lung inflammatory responses to ozone in mice. METHODS We tested the effects of brief isoflurane (Iso) or ketamine/xylazine/atipamezole (K/X/A) anesthesia prior to ozone exposure (4 h, 3 ppm) on lung inflammatory responses in mice. Anesthesia regimens modeled those used for non-surgical intratracheal instillations and were administered 1-2 h or 24 h prior to initiating ozone exposure. RESULTS We found that Iso given 1-2 h prior to ozone inhibited inflammatory responses in the lung, and this effect was absent when Iso was given 23-24 h prior to ozone. In contrast, K/X/A given 1-2 h prior to ozone increased lung and systemic inflammation. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the need to comprehensively evaluate anesthesia as an experimental variable in the assessment of lung inflammation in response to ozone and other inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Wilson
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, S-182, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jarl A Thysell
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, S-182, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Avenue, Box 359755, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Kristen K Baumann
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, S-182, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Danny V Quaranta
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, S-182, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Avenue, Box 359755, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - W Sandy Liang
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, S-182, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Michelle A Erickson
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, S-182, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Avenue, Box 359755, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
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16
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Cavaliere F, Allegri M, Apan A, Brazzi L, Carassiti M, Cohen E, DI Marco P, Langeron O, Rossi M, Spieth P, Turnbull D, Weber F. A year in review in Minerva Anestesiologica 2021. Anesthesia, analgesia, and perioperative medicine. Minerva Anestesiol 2022; 88:206-216. [PMID: 35315631 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.22.16429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavaliere
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Unit of Pain Therapy of Column and Athlete, Policlinic of Monza, Monza-Brianza, Italy.,Italian Pain Group, Milan, Italy
| | - Alparslan Apan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Luca Brazzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Carassiti
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Edmond Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierangelo DI Marco
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic, and Geriatric Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivier Langeron
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Paris, France
| | - Marco Rossi
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Turnbull
- Department of Anesthetics and Neuro Critical Care, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Zhou CH, Xue F, Shi QQ, Xue SS, Zhang T, Ma XX, Yu LS, Liu C, Wang HN, Peng ZW. The Impact of Electroacupuncture Early Intervention on the Brain Lipidome in a Mouse Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:812479. [PMID: 35221914 PMCID: PMC8866946 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.812479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has been well studied; growing evidence suggests that changes in lipid composition may be involved in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may be a target for treatment. However, the influence of early EA intervention on brain lipid composition in patients with PTSD has never been investigated. Using a modified single prolonged stress (mSPS) model in mice, we assessed the anti-PTSD-like effects of early intervention using EA and evaluated changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) using a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach. mSPS induced changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus, notably in the content of sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acyls. These lipid changes were more robust than those observed in the PFC. Early intervention with EA after mSPS ameliorated PTSD-like behaviors and partly normalized mSPS-induced lipid changes, notably in the hippocampus. Cumulatively, our data suggest that EA may reverse mSPS-induced PTSD-like behaviors due to region-specific regulation of the brain lipidome, providing new insights into the therapeutic mechanism of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fen Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qing-Qing Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin-Xu Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Sheng Yu
- Department of General Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ning Wang,
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Zheng-Wu Peng,
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18
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Zheng X, Wei L, Kong G, Jiang J. Changes of inflammatory factors in patients after resection of lung adenocarcinoma with propofol and etomidate. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:14081-14088. [PMID: 35035751 PMCID: PMC8748119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was designed to investigate the changes of inflammatory factors in patients after resection of lung adenocarcinoma with propofol versus etomidate. METHODS A total of 104 patients who underwent resection of lung adenocarcinoma in our hospital were divided into a propofol group (group A, n=50) and an etomidate group (group B, n=54). The levels of CRP and IL-6 at different time points and the changes of blood gas indexes at 10 min before and after operation were observed in both groups. Their pain score and quality of life score were compared. Besides, we observed the wake-up time, tracheal extubation time and the incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS The anesthesia recovery and tracheal extubation time in group B were shorter than those in group A (P<0.05). After 10-minutes of spontaneous breathing, PaO2 and SaO2 in group B were higher than those in group A (P<0.05), and PaCO2 was lower (P<0.05); compared with group A. The incidence of adverse reactions and the levels of inflammatory factors in group B were lower than those in group A after operation (both P<0.05). The quality of life of patients in group B after operation was better than that in group A (P<0.05). There was no marked difference in VAS scores between groups. CONCLUSION Etomidate has better anesthetic effect than propofol in lung adenocarcinoma resection, leading to better stabilization of the vital signs of patients and it also has higher safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province (2018SK7001)Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province (2018SK7001)Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Gaoyin Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province (2018SK7001)Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinyu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province (2018SK7001)Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
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19
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Lindsey ML, Brunt KR, Kirk JA, Kleinbongard P, Calvert JW, de Castro Brás LE, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Del Re DP, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gumina RJ, Halade GV, Jones SP, Ritchie RH, Spinale FG, Thorp EB, Ripplinger CM, Kassiri Z. Guidelines for in vivo mouse models of myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1056-H1073. [PMID: 34623181 PMCID: PMC8834230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in reperfusion strategies, acute coronary syndromes all too often culminate in a myocardial infarction (MI). The consequent MI can, in turn, lead to remodeling of the left ventricle (LV), the development of LV dysfunction, and ultimately progression to heart failure (HF). Accordingly, an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MI remodeling and progression to HF is necessary. One common approach to examine MI pathology is with murine models that recapitulate components of the clinical context of acute coronary syndrome and subsequent MI. We evaluated the different approaches used to produce MI in mouse models and identified opportunities to consolidate methods, recognizing that reperfused and nonreperfused MI yield different responses. The overall goal in compiling this consensus statement is to unify best practices regarding mouse MI models to improve interpretation and allow comparative examination across studies and laboratories. These guidelines will help to establish rigor and reproducibility and provide increased potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - John W Calvert
- Carlyle Fraser Heart Center of Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Assessing the Antioxidant Activity of Dexmedetomidine by Measuring the Plasma Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Superoxide Dismutase During Lumbar Spine Laminectomy. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Current knowledge on antioxidant properties of anesthetics is inconclusive. Nevertheless, experiments on different anesthesia-related drugs and techniques are growing. Objectives: The aim of this prospective blinded randomized study was to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) infusion during anesthesia on oxidative stress resulting from lumbar laminectomy. Methods: The antioxidant activity of Dex compared to placebo (normal saline) was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). A total of 56 patients who underwent laminectomy surgery were allocated into two groups of intervention and control. Dex group received 0.6 µg.kg-1 dexmedetomidine infusion before induction of anesthesia over 15 minutes, followed by 0.4 µg.kg-1.hr-1 maintenance. Control group received the same volume and sequence of normal saline. Anesthesia protocol was similar in both groups. The antioxidant activity of the previously mentioned enzymes was measured at the beginning of the anesthesia (T1) and after surgery (T2). Propofol consumption, hemodynamic indices, shivering, bleeding volume, and pain numeric rating scale (NRS) were recorded. Results: Although the serum levels of CAT and GPX increased during the procedure, these changes were not significant (P-values 0.579 and 0.762, respectively). Also, the mean SOD level did not change over time in any of the groups, and it was not meaningfully different between the groups at any of the predetermined times (P-value 0.665). Conclusions: As expected, Dex decreased propofol consumption, mean heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and pain intensity allover the perioperative period. It seems that adding Dex to anesthesia regimen during laminectomy had no dominant antioxidant effects.
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Comparison of General and Spinal Anaesthesia on Systemic Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57111250. [PMID: 34833468 PMCID: PMC8623492 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Some of the postoperative complications following orthopaedic surgeries are associated with a systemic inflammatory response (SIR), which varies depending on the anaesthetic technique. We aimed to compare the effects of general and spinal anaesthesia on the SIR after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), based on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent TKA between January 2014 and December 2018 were included. Electronic medical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed and analysed. To reduce the impact of potential confounding factors, we performed propensity score matching according to the anaesthetic technique. Results: A total of 1311 TKA cases were analysed. After propensity score matching, the maximal CRP value and changes in CRP levels in the general anaesthesia group were higher than those in the spinal anaesthesia group. However, the maximal NLR and PLR and the changes in NLR and PLR were not different between the two groups. There were no differences in postoperative clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Spinal anaesthesia tended to induce a lower inflammatory response than general anaesthesia when considering CRP levels in patients undergoing TKA. However, the effects of anaesthetic techniques on the overall outcomes were not significant.
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22
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Parab S, Gaikwad S, Majeti S. Inhalational versus intravenous anesthetics during one lung ventilation in elective thoracic surgeries: A narrative review. Saudi J Anaesth 2021; 15:312-323. [PMID: 34764838 PMCID: PMC8579495 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_1106_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The anesthesia regimen used during one lung ventilation (OLV) carry the potential to affect intra-operative course and post-operative outcomes, by its effects on pulmonary vasculature and alveolar inflammation. This narrative review aims to understand the pathophysiology of acute lung injury during one lung ventilation, and to study the effects of inhalational versus intravenous anaesthetics on intraoperative and post-operative outcomes, following thoracic surgery. For this purpose, we independently searched 'PubMed', 'Google Scholar' and 'Cochrane Central' databases to find out randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in English language, which compared the effects of intravenous versus inhalational anaesthetics on intraoperative and post-operative outcomes, in elective thoracic surgeries, in human beings. In total, 38 RCTs were included in this review. Salient results of the review are- Propofol reduced intraoperative shunt and maintained better intraoperative oxygenation than inhalational agents. However, use of modern inhalational anaesthetics during OLV reduced alveolar inflammation significantly, as compared to propofol. Regarding post-operative complications, the evidence is not conclusive enough but slightly in favour of inhalational anaesthetics. Thus, we conclude that modern inhalational anaesthetics, by their virtue of better anti-inflammatory properties, exhibit lung protective effects and hence, seem to be safe for maintenance of anesthesia during OLV in elective thoracic surgeries. Further research is required to establish the safety of these agents with respect to long term post-operative outcomes like cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Parab
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sheetal Gaikwad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saratchandra Majeti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Al-Rasheedi KA, Alqasoumi AA, Emara AM. Effect of inhaled anaesthetics gases on cytokines and oxidative stress alterations for the staff health status in hospitals. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1953-1962. [PMID: 33959815 PMCID: PMC8490262 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of waste anaesthetic gases on cytokines and oxidative stress of hospital health team members following exposure to waste anaesthetic gases (WAGs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS In total, 180 participants took part in this study; 60 of these were healthy male controls and the 120 participants in the intervention group were staff who work in the operating room. This latter group comprises six occupational subgroups (1) surgeons, (2) surgical assistants, (3) anaesthesiologists (4) anaesthesiology assistants, (5) nurses and (6) janitors. The following parameters were assessed: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, plasma fluoride, serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ), serum interleukin 2 (IL2), serum interleukin 4 (IL4) and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). RESULTS Anaesthesiologists and their assistants exhibited the highest levels of plasma fluoride, serum IFN-γ and IL 2, exceeding the levels in detected in all the other occupational subgroups. Furthermore, the serum levels of IL4 were significantly raised in anaesthesiologists and the difference between this group and other groups was statistically significant. However, compared with the other subgroups, surgeons exhibited elevated plasma TBARS and reduced CAT, GSHpx and SOD; these variances were also statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The findings of this study indicate that operating room staff exposed to WAGs are vulnerable to experiencing immunotoxicity as the WAGs are considered to initiate oxidative stress and increase the levels of cytokines in serum. Thus, an education programme is warranted to inform staff working in environments where they may be subjected to WAGs on the effects that the gases can have upon their health and how to minimise their exposure to WAGs. An ongoing effort is also needed to ensure anaesthesia safety standards are maintained at all times. The findings of this study may provide a springboard for future research into occupational exposure to WAGs and their wider effect upon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Al-Rasheedi
- Khyber General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Khyber, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed A Alqasoumi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Emara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Guo F. MiRNA-494-3p Regulates Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity by the CDK6-PI3K/AKT Signaling. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2007-2017. [PMID: 34652691 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine (BUP) is a long-acting amide local anesthetic that may induce strong neurotoxicity and neurological complications. In this study, we elucidate the influence of microRNA-494-3p (miR-494-3p) in BUP-induced neurotoxicity in primary mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. In this study, primary hippocampal neurons were isolated from neonatal C57BL/6 mice. The isolated neurons were treated with various doses of BUP. MTT assay was conducted to analyze neuronal viability. Gene expression measurement was done by RT-qPCR. The impact of miR-494-3p in BUP-mediated neural injury was examined using TUNEL, flow cytometry, western blotting, and ROS activity detection. The regulatory relationship between miR-494-3p and cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK6) was identified using a luciferase reporter assay. BUP treatment led to neurotoxicity and miR-494-3p upregulation in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Functionally, miR-494-3p depletion alleviated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by BUP. We verified that miR-494-3p targeted and negatively modulated CDK6. MiR-494-3p depletion also activated PI3K/AKT signaling by elevating CDK6 expression in BUP-treated neurons. Furthermore, CDK6 knockdown or PI3K/AKT inactivation attenuated the neuroprotective role of miR-494-3p depletion. Silencing miR-494-3p exerts neuroprotective function in hippocampal neuronal cells against BUP-induced injury by the CDK6-PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhang
- Deparment of Anesthesia Resuscitation Room, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Deparment of Surgical Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Fengying Guo
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Siming District, 1854 Xinjing Garden, Luling Road, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China.
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Cellular Response against Oxidative Stress, a Novel Insight into Lupus Nephritis Pathogenesis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080693. [PMID: 34442337 PMCID: PMC8401250 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and hydrocarbonates promotes acute and chronic tissue damage, mediates immunomodulation and triggers autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. The aim of the study was to determine the pathophysiological mechanisms of the oxidative stress-related damage and molecular mechanisms to counteract oxidative stimuli in lupus nephritis. Our study included 38 SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN group), 44 SLE patients without renal impairment (non-LN group) and 40 healthy volunteers as control group. In the present paper, we evaluated serum lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidation, oxidized proteins, carbohydrate oxidation, and endogenous protective systems. We detected defective DNA repair mechanisms via 8-oxoguanine-DNA-glycosylase (OGG1), the reduced regulatory effect of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in the activation of AGE-RAGE axis, low levels of thiols, disulphide bonds formation and high nitrotyrosination in lupus nephritis. All these data help us to identify more molecular mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress in LN that could permit a more precise assessment of disease prognosis, as well as developing new therapeutic targets.
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Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phenylheptatriyne Isolated from the Flowers of Coreopsis lanceolata L. via NF-κB Inhibition and HO-1 Expression in BV2 and RAW264.7 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147482. [PMID: 34299102 PMCID: PMC8303746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with immune disregulation and oxidative stress which lead to inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. We have tried to identify the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-inflammatory components of Coreopsis lanceolata L. The dried flowers of C. lanceolata were extracted with 70% EtOH, and the obtained extract was divided into CH2Cl2, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O fractions. The CH2Cl2 fraction was separated using silica gel and C-18 column chromatography to yield phenylheptatriyne (1), 2′-hydroxy-3,4,4′-trimethoxychalcone (2), and 4′,7-dimethoxyflavanone (3). Additionally, the EtOAc fraction was subjected to silica gel, C-18, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to yield 8-methoxybutin (4) and leptosidin (5). All the compounds isolated from C. lanceolata inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-induced BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, phenylheptatriyne and 4′,7-dimethoxyflavanone reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6. Among them, phenylheptatriyne was significantly downregulated in the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Subsequently, phenylheptatriyne also effectively inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in LPS-stimulated BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. Based on these results, the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of phenylheptatriyne isolated from C. lanceolata was confirmed, which may exert a therapeutic effect in treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Serum and Erythrocyte Antioxidant Defense in Colorectal Cancer Patients during Early Postoperative Period: Potential Modifiers and Impact on Clinical Outcomes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070999. [PMID: 34201536 PMCID: PMC8300787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of antioxidant status, its modifiers, and its effect on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery is needed for effective antioxidant-based interventions. The objectives of this cohort study were: to determine baseline serum (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); n = 72) and erythrocyte (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); n = 47) antioxidant capacity and time-course during the 72 h postoperative period, to identify potential modifiers, and to establish impact on clinical outcomes. Older patients with comorbidities had lower baseline FRAP. TAC was inversely and SOD directly correlated with inflammatory markers. Cancer pathology affected GPx (lower in advanced and more aggressive cancers) and SOD (higher in advanced cancers). Surgical intervention induced a transient increase in FRAP and TAC with greater FRAP elevation in older, obese patients with several comorbidities. SOD activity significantly increased while GPx non-significantly decreased between 8 and 24 h post-incision. Poorer health status was associated with an increase in SOD and a decrease in GPx at 72 h. Clinical manifestation of postoperative ileus was preceded by decreased TAC at 24 h and an increase in SOD between 8 and 24 h and anastomotic leak was manifested by diminished SOD at 72 h compared to activities at 8 and 24 h. The time-frame between 8 and 24 h post-incision might be the most critical regarding oxidant/antioxidant balance and therefore the best suited for antioxidant-based intervention.
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Alam A, Rampes S, Patel S, Hana Z, Ma D. Anesthetics or anesthetic techniques and cancer surgical outcomes: a possible link. Korean J Anesthesiol 2021; 74:191-203. [PMID: 33596628 PMCID: PMC8175878 DOI: 10.4097/kja.20679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As of 2018 cancer is responsible for almost 9.6 million deaths annually and, with an aging population, the incidence of cancer is expected to continue to rise. Surgery is an important treatment modality for patients with solid organ cancers. It has been postulated that, due to potentially overlapping processes underlying the development of malignancy and the therapeutic pathways of various anesthetic agents, the choice of anesthetic type and method of administration may affect post-operative outcomes in patients with cancer. This is a literature review of the most recent evidence extracted from various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane, as well as journals and book reference lists. The review highlights the pathophysiological processes underpinning cancer development and the molecular actions of anesthetic agents, pre-clinical and retrospective studies investigating cancer and anesthetics, as well as ongoing clinical trials. Overall, there are conflicting results regarding the impact of regional vs. general anesthesia on cancer recurrence, whilst the majority of data suggest a benefit of the use of intravenous propofol over inhalational volatile anesthetics. The biological changes associated with the surgical inflammatory response offer a unique opportunity to intervene to counteract any potentially cancer-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Alam
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sanketh Rampes
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sonam Patel
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zac Hana
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Fan Y, Yu D, Liang X. Volatile anesthetics versus intravenous anesthetics for noncardiac thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 2021; 87:927-939. [PMID: 33938675 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.21.15135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We performed this meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate two types of anesthetics for noncardiac thoracic surgery regarding their effects on clinical outcomes and the inflammatory response. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE for RCTs comparing volatile anesthetics to intravenous anesthetics for noncardiac thoracic surgery. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS This study reviewed 16 RCTs with 1467 patients. Volatile anesthetics reduced postoperative complications and the length of intensive care unit stay for lung surgery. They also lowered the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the airways of patients undergoing noncardiac thoracic surgery. However, there was no difference in short-term mortality; postoperative complications after esophagectomy; IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF-α concentrations in the blood; IL-10 level in either the airway or the blood; overall monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. CONCLUSIONS In lung surgery, but not esophagectomy, volatile anesthetics may be a better choice than intravenous anesthetics, possibly because volatile anesthetics reduce airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China -
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30
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Sokal DM, McSloy A, Donegà M, Kirk J, Colas RA, Dolezalova N, Gomez EA, Gupta I, Fjordbakk CT, Ouchouche S, Matteucci PB, Schlegel K, Bashirullah R, Werling D, Harman K, Rowles A, Yazicioglu RF, Dalli J, Chew DJ, Perkins JD. Splenic Nerve Neuromodulation Reduces Inflammation and Promotes Resolution in Chronically Implanted Pigs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649786. [PMID: 33859641 PMCID: PMC8043071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation of the immune system has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. We recently demonstrated that stimulation of near-organ autonomic nerves to the spleen can be harnessed to modulate the inflammatory response in an anesthetized pig model. The development of neuromodulation therapy for the clinic requires chronic efficacy and safety testing in a large animal model. This manuscript describes the effects of longitudinal conscious splenic nerve neuromodulation in chronically-implanted pigs. Firstly, clinically-relevant stimulation parameters were refined to efficiently activate the splenic nerve while reducing changes in cardiovascular parameters. Subsequently, pigs were implanted with a circumferential cuff electrode around the splenic neurovascular bundle connected to an implantable pulse generator, using a minimally-invasive laparoscopic procedure. Tolerability of stimulation was demonstrated in freely-behaving pigs using the refined stimulation parameters. Longitudinal stimulation significantly reduced circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha levels induced by systemic endotoxemia. This effect was accompanied by reduced peripheral monocytopenia as well as a lower systemic accumulation of CD16+CD14high pro-inflammatory monocytes. Further, lipid mediator profiling analysis demonstrated an increased concentration of specialized pro-resolving mediators in peripheral plasma of stimulated animals, with a concomitant reduction of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids including prostaglandins. Terminal electrophysiological and physiological measurements and histopathological assessment demonstrated integrity of the splenic nerves up to 70 days post implantation. These chronic translational experiments demonstrate that daily splenic nerve neuromodulation, via implanted electronics and clinically-relevant stimulation parameters, is well tolerated and is able to prime the immune system toward a less inflammatory, pro-resolving phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Sokal
- Translation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Alex McSloy
- Clinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Donegà
- Translation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Kirk
- Clinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Romain A. Colas
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikola Dolezalova
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Esteban A. Gomez
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isha Gupta
- Translation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sebastien Ouchouche
- Translation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Paul B. Matteucci
- Translation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Schlegel
- Translation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Rizwan Bashirullah
- Translation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Harman
- Clinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Rowles
- Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jesmond Dalli
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Chew
- Translation and Engineering, Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Justin D. Perkins
- Clinical Science & Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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Shehata IM, Barsoumv S, Elhass A, Varrassi G, Paladini A, Myrcik D, Urits I, Kaye AD, Viswanath O. Anesthetic Considerations for Cesarean Delivery After Uterine Transplant. Cureus 2021; 13:e13920. [PMID: 33880271 PMCID: PMC8051428 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility has many etiologies and can have devastating consequences for young couples attempting to bring children into the world. Uterine factor for infertility is related to either uterine agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser [MRKH] syndrome), unexpected hysterectomy, or presence of a nonfunctioning uterus. In this review, a patient with MRKH syndrome underwent donor uterus transplantation at the Cleveland Clinic, conceived, and delivered the first healthy baby in the United States and the second worldwide. Additionally, we review the pertinent literature on anesthesia problems. Donor-related uterine transplant is a recent medical innovation requiring multidisciplinary expertise. In patients who deliver successfully, according to the current literature, the transplanted uterus can be used for one more pregnancy only if the mother so desires, otherwise cesarean hysterectomy (C-Hyst) should be performed. In the observed case, C-Hyst was performed because the patient developed placenta accreta and the couple desired no further pregnancy. In summary, with our limited data, careful management of these patients is required to ensure the best outcome for the mother and the newborn fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabri Barsoumv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Amir Elhass
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA
| | | | - Antonella Paladini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, ITA
| | | | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
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Zhang C, Xing Z, Tan M, Wu Y, Zeng W. Roflumilast Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Inflammation in Astrocytes via the CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4167-4174. [PMID: 33644540 PMCID: PMC7906587 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose: Astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in anesthetic isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Roflumilast, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has displayed a wide range of anti-inflammatory capacity in different types of cells and tissues. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether roflumilast possesses a protective effect against isoflurane-induced insults in mouse primary astrocytes. Methods: Primary astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortices of immature rats. The production of NO was determined using DAF-FM DA staining assay. QRT-PCR and western blot were used to evaluate the expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, and BDNF in the astrocytes treated with different therapies. The gene expressions and concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1 released by the astrocytes were detected using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The expression levels of phosphorylated CREB and PGE2 were determined using western blot and ELISA, respectively. H89 was introduced to evaluate the function of CREB. Recombinant human BDNF and ANA-12 were used to verify the role of BDNF. Results: The upregulated iNOS, excessive production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1, and activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in the astrocytes induced by isoflurane were significantly reversed by the introduction of roflumilast, in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, we found that BDNF could be upregulated by roflumilast, which was verified to be related to the activation of CREB and blocked by H89 (a CREB inhibitor). In addition, the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway activated by isoflurane can be inactivated by recombinant human BDNF. Finally, the regulatory effect of roflumilast against the isoflurane-activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway was significantly blocked by ANA-12, which is a BDNF inhibitor. Conclusion: Roflumilast might ameliorate isoflurane-induced inflammation in astrocytes via the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Zhang R, Gan Y, Li J, Feng Y. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Transiently Mitigates Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats. J Pain Res 2020; 13:3457-3465. [PMID: 33376391 PMCID: PMC7764936 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s281190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a severe side effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates neuroinflammation by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and thus may attenuate CIPN. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal paclitaxel injection (2 mg/kg) every other day for a total of 4 injections. Three weeks later, the left cervical vagus nerve was exposed under general anesthesia, and the rats randomly received 20-min stimulation (1 V, 2 ms, 5 Hz, 30 s ON/5 min OFF) or sham stimulation. Heat and mechanical pain sensitivity was evaluated using Hargreaves and von Frey tests before and after treatment (n=12 per group per time point). Additionally, rats receiving paclitaxel or saline but no surgery were included. Expression of representative pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dorsal root ganglia was assessed by Western blotting assays and immunohistochemistry. Results Paclitaxel significantly reduced the sensitivity for heat (withdrawal latency: paclitaxel 6.16 ± 0.54 s vs saline 9.93 ± 0.78 s, p<0.001) and mechanical pain (withdrawal frequency: paclitaxel 32.22 ± 15.51% vs saline 3.33 ± 4.92%, p<0.001). Compared with sham-stimulated rats, rats receiving vagus nerve stimulation had significantly higher sensitivity for heat (withdrawal latency: VNS 10.28 ± 1.15 s vs sham 6.27 ± 0.56 s, p<0.001) and mechanical pain (withdrawal frequency: VNS 10.00 ± 9.54% vs Sham 31.67 ± 18.99%, p=0.003) on +1 day, but not 7 days later (withdrawal latency: VNS 6.97 ± 1.13 s vs Sham 6.23 ± 0.79 s, p=0.080; withdrawal frequency: VNS 21.67 ± 11.93% vs Sham 23.33 ± 7.79%, p=0.689). Western blotting assays and immunohistochemistry revealed that interleukin-10 level was elevated in the dorsal root ganglia of rats receiving vagus nerve stimulation while no apparent changes in NF-κB or TNF-α levels were observed. Conclusion Vagus nerve stimulation could transiently attenuate paclitaxel-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Future studies are needed to investigate whether stimulation with different protocols could achieve durable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pain Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Ming XX, Zhang CP. Fluorine-Containing Inhalation Anesthetics: Chemistry, Properties and Pharmacology. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5599-5652. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191003155703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on fluorinated inhalation anesthetics, including synthesis, physical chemistry and
pharmacology, have been summarized in this review. Retrospecting the history of inhalation anesthetics
revealed their increasing reliance on fluorine and ether structures. Halothane causes a rare but
severe immune-based hepatotoxicity, which was replaced by enflurane in the 1970s. Isoflurane replaced
enflurane in the 1980s, showing modest advantages (e.g. lower solubility, better metabolic
stability, and without convulsive predisposition). Desflurane and sevoflurane came into use in the
1990s, which are better anesthetics than isoflurane (less hepatotoxicity, lower solubility, and/or
markedly decreased pungency). However, they are still less than perfect. To gain more ideal inhalation
anesthetics, a large number of fluorinated halocarbons, polyfluorocycloalkanes, polyfluorocycloalkenes,
fluoroarenes, and polyfluorooxetanes, were prepared and their potency and toxicity were
evaluated. Although the pharmacology studies suggested that some of these agents produced anesthesia,
no further studies were continued on these compounds because they showed obvious lacking
as anesthetics. Moreover, the anesthetic activity cannot be simply predicted from the molecular
structures but has to be inferred from the experiments. Several regularities were found by experimental
studies: 1) the potency and toxicity of the saturated linear chain halogenated ether are enhanced
when its molecular weight is increased; 2) the margin of safety decreases and the recovery
time is prolonged when the boiling point of the candidate increases; and 3) compounds with an
asymmetric carbon terminal exhibit good anesthesia. Nevertheless, the development of new inhalation
anesthetics, better than desflurane and sevoflurane, is still challenging not only because of the
poor structure/activity relationship known so far but also due to synthetic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ming
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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Aremu PA, Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Orewole OT, Umukoro S. Spinal and general anesthesia produces differential effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in orthopedic patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0134/dmdi-2020-0134.xml. [PMID: 33027046 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The contribution of anesthetic procedure to surgical stress and postoperative complications has been attributed to increased oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in patients with general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) that underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in orthopedic surgery at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria were investigated. Methods Forty patients were randomly distributed into two groups (n = 20) namely GA and SA. Blood samples were collected before and after surgery for estimation of glucose, oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione, catalase and nitrile) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and interleukin-6) levels. Results The post-operative blood glucose level was higher than the pre-operative value (p<0.5) in the two groups. There were significant (p<0.05) changes in MDA concentration and catalase activity in patients with GA in the post-operative stage relative to preoperative phase. There were no significant differences in glutathione, nitrite and interleukin-6 contents between the two groups. The patients with SA had higher levels of TNF-α in the post-operative stage. Conclusions These findings suggest that anesthesia has differential effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in patients with ORIF orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Aremu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka T Orewole
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Oxidative stress under general intravenous and inhalation anaesthesia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:169-177. [PMID: 33074169 PMCID: PMC7968496 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) production overwhelms cell protection by antioxidants. This review is focused on general anaesthesia-induced oxidative stress because it increases the rate of complications and delays recovery after surgery. It is important to know what effects of anaesthetics to expect in terms of oxidative stress, particularly in surgical procedures with high ROS production, because their either additive or antagonistic effect may be pivotal for the outcome of surgery. In vitro and animal studies on this topic are numerous but show large variability. There are not many human studies and what we know has been learned from different surgical procedures measuring different endpoints in blood samples taken mostly before and after surgery. In these studies most intravenous anaesthetics have antioxidative properties, while volatile anaesthetics temporarily increase oxidative stress in longer surgical procedures.
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Teixeira LG, Martins LR, Schimites PI, Dornelles GL, Aiello G, Oliveira JS, da Silva FC, Brum BTS, Walter TMC, Andrade CM, Soares AV. Evaluation of postoperative pain and toxicological aspects of the use of dipyrone and tramadol in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:467-475. [PMID: 31112057 PMCID: PMC10814344 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19849969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dipyrone and tramadol, used for 5 days, on postoperative pain, hematological and biochemical parameters, and oxidative markers on erythrocytes. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy cats underwent ovariohysterectomy and were randomly allocated to four groups (each n = 7), according to the postoperative treatment administered intravenously: control (saline 1 ml q8h), DIP1 (dipyrone 25 mg/kg q24h), DIP2 (dipyrone 25 mg/kg q12h) and DIP3 (dipyrone 25 mg/kg q8h). All animals received tramadol (2 mg/kg q8h). Pain was assessed by visual analog (VAS), multidimensional UNESP and Glasgow pain scales for cats preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after extubation. Venous blood was collected daily for 5 days, and on day 10, to perform a complete blood count (CBC) and determine the percentage of Heinz bodies (HBs). Serum biochemistry was evaluated preoperatively and on days 5 and 10; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipoperoxidation were evaluated preoperatively and on days 3, 5 and 10. RESULTS Control cats had higher pain scores than DIP3 cats by UNESP (P = 0.0065), and DIP2 (P = 0.0035) and DIP3 cats (P = 0.0108) by VAS 3 h postoperatively. Rescue analgesia was required by two animals in the control group and one each in the DIP1 and DIP2 groups. There was no difference in SOD or CAT among groups. On day 5, MPO was more active in DIP2 than in DIP3 cats (P = 0.0274). No difference in lipoperoxidation among treatment and control cats was found. CBC remained constant and without statistical difference among groups. Control, DIP2 and DIP3 cats presented a similar percentage of HBs on day 10. Biochemical variables were similar among groups and times. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The administration of dipyrone in cats, when used in combination with tramadol, did not ensure better analgesia than tramadol alone. Dipyrone did not significantly affect biochemical variables and oxidative markers, despite minimal, clinically irrelevant, hematological differences between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana G Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Martins
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Surgery and Clinics, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula I Schimites
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Surgery and Clinics, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Dornelles
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Surgery and Clinics, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Graciane Aiello
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Surgery and Clinics, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe C da Silva
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara TS Brum
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais MC Walter
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cinthia M Andrade
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André V Soares
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Tang F, Zhao L, Yu Q, Liu T, Gong H, Liu Z, Li Q. Upregulation of miR-215 attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in developing neurons by targeting LATS2. Mol Med 2020; 26:38. [PMID: 32375631 PMCID: PMC7202001 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic agent that commonly induces significant neuroapoptosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to participate in the regulation of propofol exposure-mediated neurotoxicity. MiR-215, as one of miRNAs, was found to regulate nerve cell survival. However, the mechanism through which miRNAs regulate propofol exposure-mediated neurotoxicity is still unclear. Methods Real-time PCR was used to detect miR-215 expression level. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was examined via flow cytometry analysis. ROS, MDA, LDH and SOD levels were assayed through ELISA kits. Dual luciferase reporter assay identified the interaction between miR-215 and large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2). Protein level was detected using western blot analysis. Results MiR-215 expression was downregulated in propofol-treated rat hippocampal neurons. MiR-215 mimics promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis in propofol-treated neonatal rat hippocampal neuron. MiR-215 mimics also caused inhibition of oxidative stress as evidenced by suppression of ROS, MDA and LDH levels as well as increase of SOD level. In addition, we found that large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) is a target of miR-215 and miR-215 mimics decreased LATS2 level in propofol-treated neonatal rat hippocampal neuron. Further, LATS2 overexpression suppressed the effect of miR-215 on propofol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in neonatal rat hippocampal neuron. Conclusion Taken together, we demonstrate that miR-215 attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in neonatal rat hippocampal neuron by targeting LATS2, suggesting that miR-215 may provide a new candidate for the treatment of propofol exposure-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tianyin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang City, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Margaritis I, Angelopoulou K, Lavrentiadou S, Mavrovouniotis IC, Tsantarliotou M, Taitzoglou I, Theodoridis A, Veskoukis A, Kerasioti E, Kouretas D, Zervos I. Effect of crocin on antioxidant gene expression, fibrinolytic parameters, redox status and blood biochemistry in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:4. [PMID: 32161725 PMCID: PMC7053078 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is regarded as an epidemiological threat for the twenty-first century. Phytochemicals with known pharmaceutical properties have gained interest in the field of alleviating secondary complications of diseases. Such a substance is crocin, a basic constituent of saffron (Crocus sativus). The present study aimed at examining the beneficial effects of per os crocin administration on the antioxidant status, blood biochemical profile, hepatic gene expression and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1) in the liver, kidney and plasma (an important marker of pre-diabetic status and major factor of thrombosis in diabetes) of healthy rats, as well as of rats with nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Results Diabetes disrupted the oxidation-antioxidation balance, while crocin improved the antioxidant state in the liver by significantly affecting SOD1 gene expression and/or by restoring SOD and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. In the kidney, crocin improved hydrogen peroxide decomposing activity and TAC. In blood, hepatic transaminases ALT and AST decreased significantly, while there was a trend of decrease regarding blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The expression of PAI-1 gene was affected in the liver by the dose of 50 mg kg−1. Conclusions Crocin treatment contributed in restoring some parameters after diabetes induction, primarily by affecting significantly hepatic transaminases ALT and AST, SOD1 and PAI-1 gene expression and nephric H2O2 decomposing activity. In conclusion, crocin did contribute to the alleviation of some complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Margaritis
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- 2Laboratory of Biochemistry & Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophia Lavrentiadou
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maria Tsantarliotou
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Theodoridis
- 4Laboratory of Animal Production Economics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristidis Veskoukis
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouretas
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- 1Laboratory of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Alhayyan A, McSorley S, Roxburgh C, Kearns R, Horgan P, McMillan D. The effect of anesthesia on the postoperative systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Open Sci 2020; 2:1-21. [PMID: 32754703 PMCID: PMC7391900 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical injury stimulates the systemic inflammatory response. The magnitude of the postoperative systemic inflammatory response has been shown to be significantly associated with short and long-term outcomes following surgery of varying severity. Different anesthetic techniques for surgery may have an impact on the postoperative systemic inflammatory response and on the rate of the postoperative infective complications.The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the relationship between perioperative anesthesia, the postoperative systemic inflammatory response and postoperative infective complications in patients undergoing surgery. METHODS This was carried out using PubMed and other established databases from 1987 up to March 2018. In particular, randomized controlled studies and systemic inflammation markers, interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein were examined. RESULTS Overall, 60 controlled, randomized clinical trials were included in the review. The mean or median values of both interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein were taken for each study and the mean value was calculated for each anesthetic group at sampling points of 12-24 and 24-72 hours for interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein respectively. When taking the magnitude of surgery into account, TIVA using propofol was significantly associated with a reduction in particular C-reactive protein (P = .04). However, there were no other specific anesthetic methods including general, regional and combined anesthetics that were associated with a reduction in either interleukin 6 or C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION There is some evidence that anesthetic regimens may reduce the magnitude of the postoperative systemic inflammatory response. However, the studies were heterogeneous and generally of low quality.Future, well conducted, adequately powered studies are required to clarify the effect of anesthesia on the postoperative systemic inflammatory response and infective complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliah Alhayyan
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing - University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen McSorley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing - University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Campbell Roxburgh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing - University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Kearns
- Department of Anaesthetics, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing - University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Horgan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing - University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Donald McMillan
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing - University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Sirtuin 2 Inhibition Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits in Developing Rats via Modulating Microglial Activation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:437-446. [PMID: 31713761 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane is a widely used inhalational anesthetic in pediatric medicine that has been reported to have deleterious effects on the developing brain. Strategies to mitigate these detrimental effects are lacking. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases involved in a wide range of pathophysiological processes. SIRT2 inhibition has emerged as a promising treatment for an array of neurological disorders. However, the direct effects of SIRT2 on anesthesia-induced damage to the immature brain are unclear. Neonatal rats were exposed to 3% sevoflurane or 30% oxygen for 2 h daily with or without SIRT2 inhibitor AK7 pretreatment from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P9. One cohort of rats were euthanized 6, 12, and/or 24 h after the last gas exposure, and brain tissues were harvested for biochemical analysis and/or immunohistochemical examination. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the open field and Morris water maze tests on P25 and P28-32, respectively. SIRT2 was significantly up-regulated in neonatal rat hippocampus at 6 and 12 h post-anesthesia. Pretreatment with SIRT2 inhibitor AK7 reversed sevoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairments. Furthermore, AK7 administration mitigated sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and microglial activation. Concomitantly, AK7 inhibited pro-inflammatory/M1-related markers and increased anti-inflammatory/M2-related markers in microglia. AK7 might prevent sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation by switching microglia from the M1 to M2 phenotype. Downregulation of SIRT2 may be a novel therapeutic target for alleviating anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Tang J, Diao P, Shu X, Li L, Xiong L. Quercetin and Quercitrin Attenuates the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells: In Vitro Assessment and a Theoretical Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7039802. [PMID: 31781635 PMCID: PMC6855062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7039802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, atmospheric pollutants, ultraviolet rays, and other factors cause the imbalance of cell redox, resulting in skin oxidative damage. There is an interaction between inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which often involve networks of reactions and serve to amplify each other. Quercetin and quercitrin, with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, were widely applied in cardiovascular disease, osteoporsis, pulmonary disease, etc. However, the regulation mechanism of quercetin and quercitrin on various inflammatory skin diseases is still not clear. PURPOSE In this study, quercetin and quercitrin were used to investigate whether they had anti-inflammatory and anti-ROS effects. Besides, theoretical calculation method was also adopted to preliminarily explore the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of these two substances. METHODS CCK-8 assay was employed to investigate the cytotoxicity. The concentration of NO measured by Griess Reaction System. Moreover, the inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were reduced in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were tested by ELISA kits. The trend of ROS changes was detected by DCFH-DA method. Finally, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of these two substances was carried out by DMol3 package in Materials Studio. RESULTS CCK-8 assay results guided that the safe concentration of quercetin and quercitrin was lower than 15.0 μg/mL and 22.4 μg/mL, respectively. Also, the concentration of NO could significantly be inhibited by quercetin and quercitrin. Besides, the ELISA results showed that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells after interfering with quercetin and quercitrin. The trend of ROS changes was similar to that of inflammatory factors. Finally, the theoretical calculation illustrated that the oxygen atom on B rings may be the main site of electron cloud density changes, which may suggest a possible mechanism for the anti-inflammatory and ROS scavenging effects of quercetin and quercitrin. CONCLUSIONS This experiment shows that LPS can induce the overactivating of macrophages and the activated macrophages can subsequently induce inflammatory storms and oxidative stress. Both quercetin and quercitrin can inhibit LPS-induced macrophage inflammation and oxidative stress by experiment and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ping Diao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Remote Ischemic and Anesthetic Organ Conditioning. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090403. [PMID: 31527528 PMCID: PMC6770180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoprotective effects of the heme oxygenase (HO) pathway are widely acknowledged. These effects are mainly mediated by degradation of free, pro-oxidant heme and the generation of carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin. The underlying mechanisms of protection include anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory properties. Upregulation of the inducible isoform HO-1 under stress conditions plays a crucial role in preventing or reducing cell damage. Therefore, modulation of the HO-1 system might provide an efficient strategy for organ protection. Pharmacological agents investigated in the context of organ conditioning include clinically used anesthetics and sedatives. A review from Hoetzel and Schmidt from 2010 nicely summarized the effects of anesthetics on HO-1 expression and their role in disease models. They concluded that HO-1 upregulation by anesthetics might prevent or at least reduce organ injury due to harmful stimuli. Due to its clinical safety, anesthetic conditioning might represent an attractive pharmacological tool for HO-1 modulation in patients. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), first described in 1993, represents a similar secure option to induce organ protection, especially in its non-invasive form. The efficacy of RIC has been intensively studied herein, including on patients. Studies on the role of RIC in influencing HO-1 expression to induce organ protection are emerging. In the first part of this review, recently published pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the effects of anesthetics on HO-1 expression patterns, the underlying signaling pathways mediating modulation and its causative role in organ protection are summarized. The second part of this review sums up the effects of RIC.
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Zhao L, Zhang C, Cao G, Dong X, Li D, Jiang L. Higher Circulating Trimethylamine N-oxide Sensitizes Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Rats Probably by Downregulating Hippocampal Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2506-2516. [PMID: 31486012 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has recently been shown to promote oxidative stress and inflammation in the peripheral tissues, contributing to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Here we examined whether pre-existing higher circulating TMAO would influence cognitive function in aged rats after anesthetic sevoflurane exposure. Aged rats received vehicle or TMAO treatment for 3 weeks. After 2 weeks of treatment, these animals were exposed to either control or 2.6% sevoflurane for 4 h. One week after exposure, freezing as measured by fear conditioning test, microglia activity, proinflammatory cytokine expression and NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the hippocampus (a key brain structure involved in learning and memory) were comparable between vehicle-treated rats exposed to control and vehicle-treated rats exposed to sevoflurane. TMAO treatment, which increased plasma TMAO before and 1 week after control or sevoflurane exposure, significantly reduced freezing to contextual fear conditioning, which was associated with increases in microglia activity, proinflammatory cytokine expression and NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production in the hippocampus in rats exposed to sevoflurane but not in rats exposed to control. Moreover, hippocampal expression of antioxidant enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) was reduced by TMAO treatment in both groups, and TMAO-induced reduction in MsrA expression was negatively correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in rats exposed to SEV. These findings suggest that pre-existing higher circulating TMAO downregulates antioxidant enzyme MsrA in the hippocampus, which may sensitize the hippocampus to oxidative stress, resulting in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in aged rats after sevoflurane exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA in Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanyang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA in Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Guilin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA in Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyi Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA in Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, PKU Care Zibo Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China.
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The Binding Mechanisms and Inhibitory Effect of Intravenous Anesthetics on AChE In Vitro and In Vivo: Kinetic Analysis and Molecular Docking. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2147-2155. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wang N, Wang M. Dexmedetomidine suppresses sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroinflammation through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:134. [PMID: 31351473 PMCID: PMC6661092 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sevoflurane, an inhalational general anesthetic, has become one of the most widely used inhalational anesthetics in surgery. However, previous studies have found that sevoflurane anesthesia can trigger an inflammatory response, resulting in secondary damage. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly-selective α adrenergic receptor agonist, is widely used as an anesthetic adjuvant in the clinic. In this study we investigated whether DEX was able to suppress sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation. Methods The aim was to determine the mechanism of action of the suppressive effect of DEX using a rat model. Rats were randomly divided into a control group (n = 10), low-dose sevoflurane group (L-Sev; n = 10), high-dose sevoflurane group (H-Sev; n = 10), vehicle group (n = 10), DEX group (n = 10) and DEX + LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of PI3K) group (n = 10). The rats in vehicle, DEX and DEX + LY294002 groups were in the presence of high-dose sevoflurane exposure. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and the activity level of the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway. Results We found that sevoflurane anesthesia induced an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while decreasing activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in both the cortex and hippocampus of rats. Treatment with DEX reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and prevented inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Moreover, LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, reduced the anti-inflammatory activity of DEX. Conclusions These data suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and that activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling by DEX could help reduce the neuroinflammatory effects of sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Dalian Medical University Clinical Oncology College, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Dalian Medical University Clinical Oncology College, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China.
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Influence of perioperative anaesthetic and analgesic interventions on oncological outcomes: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:135-150. [PMID: 31255291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery is an important treatment modality for the majority of solid organ cancers. Unfortunately, cancer recurrence following surgery of curative intent is common, and typically results in refractory disease and patient death. Surgery and other perioperative interventions induce a biological state conducive to the survival and growth of residual cancer cells released from the primary tumour intraoperatively, which may influence the risk of a subsequent metastatic disease. Evidence is accumulating that anaesthetic and analgesic interventions could affect many of these pathophysiological processes, influencing risk of cancer recurrence in either a beneficial or detrimental way. Much of this evidence is from experimental in vitro and in vivo models, with clinical evidence largely limited to retrospective observational studies or post hoc analysis of RCTs originally designed to evaluate non-cancer outcomes. This narrative review summarises the current state of evidence regarding the potential effect of perioperative anaesthetic and analgesic interventions on cancer biology and clinical outcomes. Proving a causal link will require data from prospective RCTs with oncological outcomes as primary endpoints, a number of which will report in the coming years. Until then, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any particular anaesthetic or analgesic technique for patients undergoing tumour resection surgery on the basis that it might alter the risk of recurrence or metastasis.
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de Sousa GC, Cruz FF, Heil LB, Sobrinho CJS, Saddy F, Knibel FP, Pereira JB, Schultz MJ, Pelosi P, Gama de Abreu M, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Intraoperative immunomodulatory effects of sevoflurane versus total intravenous anesthesia with propofol in bariatric surgery (the OBESITA trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial. Trials 2019; 20:300. [PMID: 31138279 PMCID: PMC6540380 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with a chronic systemic inflammatory process. Volatile or intravenous anesthetic agents may modulate immune function, and may do so differentially in obesity. However, no study has evaluated whether these potential immunomodulatory effects differ according to type of anesthesia in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods/design The OBESITA trial is a prospective, nonblinded, single-center, randomized, controlled clinical pilot trial. The trial will include 48 patients with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2, scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery using sleeve or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass technique, who will be allocated 1:1 to undergo general inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol. The primary endpoint is the difference in plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels when comparing the two anesthetic agents. Blood samples will be collected prior to anesthesia induction (baseline), immediately after anesthetic induction, and before endotracheal extubation. Levels of other proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil chemotaxis, macrophage differentiation, phagocytosis, and occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications will also be evaluated. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effects of two different anesthetics on immunomodulation in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Our hypothesis is that anesthesia with sevoflurane will result in a weaker proinflammatory response compared to anesthesia with propofol, with lower circulating levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory mediators, and increased macrophage differentiation into the M2 phenotype in adipose tissue. Trial registration Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, RBR-77kfj5. Registered on 25 July 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3399-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Carvalho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana Boavista Heil
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Saddy
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Institute D'Or of Research and Teaching, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care and Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L·E·I·C·A), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcelo Gama de Abreu
- Pulmonary Engineering Group, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Seo EH, Piao L, Park HJ, Lee JY, Sa M, Oh CS, Lee SH, Kim SH. Impact of general anaesthesia on endoplasmic reticulum stress: propofol vs. isoflurane. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1287-1294. [PMID: 31588195 PMCID: PMC6775274 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.36265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the effects of propofol and isoflurane on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in an animal model under general anaesthesia. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into Propofol and Isoflurane groups. Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol for Propofol group or isoflurane for Isoflurane group during 3 h. ER stress from lymphocytes in blood and tissues was evaluated between two groups after euthanasia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) from lymphocytes in blood and tissues, and cytokines in blood were also checked. An immunohistochemical assay for ER stress marker from tissues was performed. Results: After anaesthesia, the levels of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous proteins (CHOP) in blood and liver were significantly higher in Isoflurane group, compared to Propofol group [blood, 31,499 ± 4,934 (30,733, 26,441-38,807) mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in Isoflurane group vs. 20,595 ± 1,838 (20,780, 18,866-22,232) MFI in Propofol group, p = 0.002; liver, 28,342 ± 5,535 (29,421, 23,388-32,756) MFI in Isoflurane group vs. 20,004 ± 2,155 (19,244, 18,197-22,191) MFI in Propofol group, p = 0.020]. ROS in blood was significantly higher in Isoflurane group, compared to Propofol group. However, cytokines in blood and immunohistochemical assays in tissues were similar between groups. Conclusion: Significant higher of ER stress from blood and liver were observed in rats under anaesthesia with isoflurane, compared to those that received propofol. ROS from blood also showed significant higher under anaesthesia with isoflurane. However, these findings were not associated with any changes in cytokines in blood or immunohistochemical assay in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Seo
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Liyun Piao
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Park
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijung Sa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Sik Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyop Kim
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gyurászová M, Kovalčíková A, Janšáková K, Šebeková K, Celec P, Tóthová Ľ. Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the plasma, urine and saliva of healthy mice. Physiol Res 2018; 67:921-934. [PMID: 30204460 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress markers are usually measured in plasma, a stable environment for biomarkers. Blood collection is invasive, but the use of alternative biofluids is limited, due to high variability. In this study, we aimed to establish reference values for oxidative stress markers in plasma, urine and saliva of adult, healthy mice and to identify some sources of variability. Samples were obtained from 41 female and 37 male adult, healthy mice of the CD-1 strain, aged 95-480 days, weighing 21-55 grams. Reference ranges of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), AOPP (advanced oxidation protein products), fructosamine, GSH/GSSG (reduced and oxidized glutathione) ratio, TAC (total antioxidant capacity), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) were measured in plasma and urine, and TBARS, GSH/GSSG ratio, TAC and FRAP in saliva, using standard spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Salivary GSH/GSSG and urinary AOPP were higher in females. Urinary fructosamine, GSH/GSSG and FRAP were higher in males. Urinary TAC and FRAP negatively correlated with age, and urinary GSH/GSSG positively correlated with weight. We determined that urine and saliva can be obtained non-invasively from mice, in sufficient amounts for reliable oxidative status assessment. Further studies are needed to uncover whether these biofluids reflect systemic oxidative status in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gyurászová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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