1
|
Mohamad FH, Mohamad Jamali MA, Che Has AT. Structure-function Studies of GABA (A) Receptors and Related computer-aided Studies. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:804-817. [PMID: 37750966 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA (A) receptor) is a membrane protein activated by the neurotransmitter GABA. Structurally, this major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the human central nervous system is a pentamer that can be built from a selection of 19 subunits consisting of α(1,2,3,4,5 or 6), β (1,2 or 3), γ (1,2 or 3), ρ (1,2 or 3), and δ, π, θ, and ε. This creates several possible pentameric arrangements, which also influence the pharmacological and physiological properties of the receptor. The complexity and heterogeneity of the receptors are further increased by the addition of short and long splice variants in several subunits and the existence of multiple allosteric binding sites and expansive ligands that can bind to the receptors. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the receptors is required to gain novel insights into the consequences of receptor dysfunction and subsequent drug development studies. Notably, advancements in computational-aided studies have facilitated the elucidation of residual interactions and exploring energy binding, which may otherwise be challenging to investigate. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of the structure and function of GABA (A) receptors obtained from advancements in computational-aided applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatin H Mohamad
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Arif Mohamad Jamali
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kohn EM, Konovalov K, Gomez CA, Hoover GN, Yik AKH, Huang X, Martell JD. Terminal Alkyne-Modified DNA Aptamers with Enhanced Protein Binding Affinities. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1976-1984. [PMID: 37531184 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based receptors, known as aptamers, are relatively fast to discover and manufacture but lack the diverse functional groups of protein receptors (e.g., antibodies). The binding properties of DNA aptamers can be enhanced by attaching abiotic functional groups; for example, aromatic groups such as naphthalene slow dissociation from proteins. Although the terminal alkyne is a π-electron-rich functional group that has been used in small molecule drugs to enhance binding to proteins through noncovalent interactions, it remains unexplored for enhancing DNA aptamer binding affinity. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the terminal alkyne for improving the binding of DNA to proteins. We prepared a library of 256 terminal-alkyne-bearing variants of HD22, a DNA aptamer that binds the protein thrombin with nanomolar affinity. After a one-step thrombin-binding selection, a high-affinity aptamer containing two alkynes was discovered, exhibiting 3.2-fold tighter thrombin binding than the corresponding unmodified sequence. The tighter binding was attributable to a slower rate of dissociation from thrombin (5.2-fold slower than HD22). Molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling by Replica Exchange with Solute Tempering (REST2) suggest that the π-electron-rich alkyne interacts with an asparagine side chain N-H group on thrombin, forming a noncovalent interaction that stabilizes the aptamer-protein interface. Overall, this work represents the first case of terminal alkynes enhancing the binding properties of an aptamer and underscores the utility of the terminal alkyne as an atom economical π-electron-rich functional group to enhance binding affinity with minimal steric perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Kohn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kirill Konovalov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christian A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gillian N Hoover
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew Kai-Hei Yik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Martell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cerne R, Lippa A, Poe MM, Smith JL, Jin X, Ping X, Golani LK, Cook JM, Witkin JM. GABAkines - Advances in the discovery, development, and commercialization of positive allosteric modulators of GABA A receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108035. [PMID: 34793859 PMCID: PMC9787737 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors or GABAkines have been widely used medicines for over 70 years for anxiety, epilepsy, sleep, and other disorders. Traditional GABAkines like diazepam have safety and tolerability concerns that include sedation, motor-impairment, respiratory depression, tolerance and dependence. Multiple GABAkines have entered clinical development but the issue of side-effects has not been fully solved. The compounds that are presently being developed and commercialized include several neuroactive steroids (an allopregnanolone formulation (brexanolone), an allopregnanolone prodrug (LYT-300), Sage-324, zuranolone, and ganaxolone), the α2/3-preferring GABAkine, KRM-II-81, and the α2/3/5-preferring GABAkine PF-06372865 (darigabat). The neuroactive steroids are in clinical development for post-partum depression, intractable epilepsy, tremor, status epilepticus, and genetic epilepsy disorders. Darigabat is in development for epilepsy and anxiety. The imidazodiazepine, KRM-II-81 is efficacious in animal models for the treatment of epilepsy and post-traumatic epilepsy, acute and chronic pain, as well as anxiety and depression. The efficacy of KRM-II-81 in models of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, preventing the development of seizure sensitization, and in brain tissue of intractable epileptic patients bodes well for improved therapeutics. Medicinal chemistry efforts are also ongoing to identify novel and improved GABAkines. The data document gaps in our understanding of the molecular pharmacology of GABAkines that drive differential pharmacological profiles, but emphasize advancements in the ability to successfully utilize GABAA receptor potentiation for therapeutic gain in neurology and psychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rok Cerne
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN USA,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arnold Lippa
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jodi L. Smith
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xingjie Ping
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lalit K. Golani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James M. Cook
- RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Witkin
- Laboratory of Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, Ascension St. Vincent, Indianapolis, IN USA,RespireRx Pharmaceuticals Inc, Glen Rock, NJ, USA,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rashid Roni MS, Zahn NM, Yocum GT, Webb DA, Mian MY, Meyer MJ, Tylek AS, Cook JM, Emala CW, Stafford DC, Arnold LA. Comparative pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of MIDD0301 and its (S) enantiomer. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:979-992. [PMID: 35246861 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MIDD0301 is being developed as an oral drug to relax airway smooth muscle (ASM) and reduce lung inflammation in asthma. We report a comparative study of MIDD0301 and its S isomer (MIDD0301S), and found that the compounds have equivalent affinity for γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA R) expressed in rat brain, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 25.1 and 26.3 nM for the S and R enantiomers, respectively. Both compounds relaxed substance P contracted ASM within 30 min and neither enantiomer revealed affinity to 48 receptors in an off-target screen. Both enantiomers reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) with nebulized and oral dosing in two mouse models of bronchoconstriction. In A/J mice, which are very sensitive to methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, we observed reduction of AHR at 10.8 mg/kg MIDD0301 and 15 mg/kg MIDD0301S. Using oral administration, 100 mg/kg/day for 3 days of either enantiomer was sufficient to reduce AHR. In a model of severe airway inflammation induced by interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we observed reduction of AHR at 7.2 mg/kg for both enantiomers using nebulized administration, and at 100 mg/kg for oral administration. MIDD0301 and MIDD0301S did not undergo Phase I metabolism. Glucuronidation was observed for both compounds, whereas only MIDD0301 formed the corresponding glucoside in the presence of kidney microsomes. Pharmacokinetic analysis identified glucuronides as the major metabolite with concentrations up to 20-fold more than the parent compound. MIDD0301 glucuronide and MIDD0301 taurine bind GABAA Rs, although 10-fold weaker than MIDD0301. In mouse blood, the taurine adduct was only observed for MIDD0301. Overall, both compounds exhibited similar receptor binding and pharmacodynamic properties with subtle differences in metabolism and greater oral availability and blood concentrations of MIDD0301S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Rashid Roni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel A Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Md Yeunus Mian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michelle J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anika S Tylek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Pantherics Incorporated, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zahn N, Roni MSR, Yocum GT, Meyer MJ, Webb DA, Mian MY, Cook JM, Stafford DC, Emala CW, Arnold LA. Development of Inhaled GABA A Receptor Modulators to Improve Airway Function in Bronchoconstrictive Disorders. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:80-88. [PMID: 35187417 PMCID: PMC8844962 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the modification of MIDD0301, an imidazodiazepine GABAA receptor (GABAAR) ligand, using two alkyl substituents. We developed PI310 with a 6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl chain as used in the long-acting β2-agonist salmeterol and PI320 with a poly(ethylene glycol) chain as used to improve the brain:plasma ratio of naloxegol, a naloxone analogue. Both imidazodiazepines showed affinity toward the GABAAR binding site of clonazepam, with IC50 values of 576 and 242 nM, respectively. Molecular docking analysis, using the available α1β3γ2 GABAAR structural data, suggests binding of the diazepine core between the α1+/γ2- interface, whereas alkyl substituents are located outside the binding site and thus interact with the protein surface and solvent molecules. The physicochemical properties of these compounds are very different. The solubility of PI310 is low in water. PEGylation of PI320 significantly improves aqueous solubility and cell permeability. Neither compound is toxic in HEK293 cells following exposure at >300 μM for 18 h. Ex vivo studies using guinea pig tracheal rings showed that PI310 was unable to relax the constricted airway smooth muscle. In contrast, PI320 induced muscle relaxation at organ bath concentrations as low as 5 μM, with rapid onset (15 min) at 25 μM. PI320 also reduced airway hyper-responsiveness in vivo in a mouse model of steroid-resistant lung inflammation induced by intratracheal challenge with INFγ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At nebulized doses of 7.2 mg/kg, PI320 and albuterol were equally effective in reducing airway hyper-responsiveness. Ten minutes after nebulization, the lung concentration of PI320 was 50-fold that of PI310, indicating superior availability of PI320 when nebulized as an aqueous solution. Overall, PI320 is a promising inhaled drug candidate to quickly relax airway smooth muscle in bronchoconstrictive disorders, such as asthma. Future studies will evaluate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of PI320 when administered orally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas
M. Zahn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - M. S. Rashid Roni
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Michelle J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Daniel A. Webb
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Md Yeunus Mian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - James M. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | | | - Charles W. Emala
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug
Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States,Pantherics
Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan C, Gao A, Xu Q, Zhang B, Xue R, Dou Y, Yu C. A multi-dosing regimen to enhance the spatial memory of normal rats with α5-containing GABA A receptor negative allosteric modulator L-655,708. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3375-3389. [PMID: 34389882 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The reported inconsistent effects of negative allosteric modulators of α5-containing GABAA receptors on learning and memory may be attributed to receptor selectivity, effective plasma concentration maintenance, and administration time. This study aimed to compare the effects of L-655,708 administered by single-dosing regimen versus multi-dosing regimen on spatial memory, signaling molecules, and brain functional connectivity. METHODS After comparing the maintenance time of the effective plasma concentration of L-655,708 between multi-dosing and single-dosing regimens, we further compared the effects of the administration of the two regimens at different phases (before-learning, during-learning, and before-probe) of the Morris water maze (MWM) test on the performance of learning and memory and the levels of signaling molecules related to learning and memory in hippocampal tissues. Functional connectivity analyses between hippocampal and cortical regions were performed to further clarify the effects of the multi-dosing regimen. RESULTS The multi-dosing regimen could maintain the effective plasma concentration of L-655,708 much longer than the single-dosing regimen. Only the multi-dosing regimen for L-655,708 administration during the learning period led to significant improvement in spatial memory in the MWM test and increases in levels of glutamate receptors and phosphorylated signaling molecules (p-PKAα, p-CaMKII, and p-CREB-1). Compared with the vehicle control, the multi-dosing regimen increased the functional connectivity of the left hippocampal CA1 with cingulate and motor cortices. CONCLUSIONS A multi-dosing regimen for L-655,708 administered during the learning period is an effective strategy to improve spatial memory, increase signaling molecule levels, and enhance the functional connectivity of the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yuan
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - An Gao
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Velasco-Rubio Á, Bernárdez R, Varela JA, Saá C. Enantioenriched α-Vinyl 1,4-Benzodiazepines and 1,4-Benzoxazepines via Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalizations of Alkynes and Allenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10889-10902. [PMID: 34259003 PMCID: PMC8499028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Benzofused seven-membered heterocycles
such as 1,4-benzo[e]diazepines (1,4-BZDs) and 1,4-benzo[e]oxazepines (1,4-BZOs) were efficiently synthesized by
Rh-catalyzed
hydrofunctionalization of internal alkynes and allenes in good to
excellent yields. The asymmetric hydroamination of (aminomethyl)anilines
gave rise to 3-vinyl-1,4-BZDs with excellent enantioselectivities.
Orthogonal N-deprotection of 1,4-BZDs allowed an
easy entry to an advanced pyrrolobenzodiazepine metabolite of the
V2-receptor antagonist Lixivaptan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Velasco-Rubio
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Bernárdez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús A Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Saá
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pomeranz Krummel DA, Nasti TH, Kaluzova M, Kallay L, Bhattacharya D, Melms JC, Izar B, Xu M, Burnham A, Ahmed T, Li G, Lawson D, Kowalski J, Cao Y, Switchenko JM, Ionascu D, Cook JM, Medvedovic M, Jenkins A, Khan MK, Sengupta S. Melanoma Cell Intrinsic GABA A Receptor Enhancement Potentiates Radiation and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response by Promoting Direct and T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Activity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 109:1040-1053. [PMID: 33289666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most patients with metastatic melanoma show variable responses to radiation therapy and do not benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. Improved strategies for combination therapy that leverage potential benefits from radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are critical. METHODS AND MATERIALS We analyzed metastatic melanoma tumors in the TCGA cohort for expression of genes coding for subunits of type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABAAR), a chloride ion channel and major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor. Electrophysiology was used to determine whether melanoma cells possess intrinsic GABAAR activity. Melanoma cell viability studies were conducted to test whether enhancing GABAAR mediated chloride transport using benzodiazepine-impaired viability. A syngeneic melanoma mouse model was used to assay the effect of benzodiazepine on tumor volume and its ability to potentiate radiation therapy or immunotherapy. Treated tumors were analyzed for changes in gene expression by RNA sequencing and presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by flow cytometry. RESULTS Genes coding for subunits of GABAARs express functional GABAARs in melanoma cells. By enhancing GABAAR-mediated anion transport, benzodiazepines depolarize melanoma cells and impair their viability. In vivo, benzodiazepine alone reduces tumor growth and potentiates radiation therapy and α-PD-L1 antitumor activity. The combination of benzodiazepine, radiation therapy, and α-PD-L1 results in near complete regression of treated tumors and a potent abscopal effect, mediated by increased infiltration of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells. Treated tumors show expression of cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and overrepresentation of p53 signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies an antitumor strategy combining radiation and/or an immune checkpoint inhibitor with modulation of GABAARs in melanoma using benzodiazepine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tahseen H Nasti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Maxwell Xu
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andre Burnham
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Taukir Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David Lawson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Department of Oncology, LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Yichun Cao
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey M Switchenko
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dan Ionascu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mohammad K Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Herbal Medicinal Products from Passiflora for Anxiety: An Unexploited Potential. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:6598434. [PMID: 32765195 PMCID: PMC7387951 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6598434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines containing Passiflora species have been widely used to treat anxiety since ancient times. The species Passiflora incarnata L. is included in many Pharmacopoeias, and it is the most used species in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there are around 600 species of the genus Passiflora and probably other species that can be used safely. Thus, this article was based on a search into the uses of the main species of the genus Passiflora with anxiolytic activity and its main secondary metabolites and some pharmacological studies, patents, and registered products containing Passiflora. Furthermore, the Brazilian Regulatory Health Agency Datavisa, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency of the United Kingdom, and the European Medicines Agency websites were consulted. The results showed that Passiflora species have health benefits but clinical trials are still scarce. The complexity of Passiflora extracts creates challenges for the development of herbal medicines. P. incarnata is the most studied species of the genus and the most used in natural anxiolytic herbal medicine formulations. However, there are hundreds of Passiflora species potentially useful for medicinal and nutraceutical purposes that are still little explored.
Collapse
|
10
|
Maramai S, Benchekroun M, Ward SE, Atack JR. Subtype Selective γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor (GABAAR) Modulators Acting at the Benzodiazepine Binding Site: An Update. J Med Chem 2019; 63:3425-3446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Maramai
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Mohamed Benchekroun
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
- Équipe de Chimie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Génomique Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire, GBCM, EA7528, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Simon E. Ward
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - John R. Atack
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Human Hyperekplexic Mutations in Glycine Receptors Disinhibit the Brainstem by Hijacking GABA A Receptors. iScience 2019; 19:634-646. [PMID: 31450193 PMCID: PMC6715904 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperekplexia disease is usually caused by naturally occurring point mutations in glycine receptors (GlyRs). However, the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) seems to be also involved regarding the therapeutic basis for hyperekplexia using benzodiazepines, which target GABAARs but not GlyRs. Here, we show that the function of GABAARs was significantly impaired in the hypoglossal nucleus of hyperekplexic transgenic mice. Such impairment appeared to be mediated by interaction between GABAAR and mutant GlyR. The GABAAR dysfunction was caused only by mutant GlyR consisting of homomeric α1 subunits, which locate primarily at pre- and extra-synaptic sites. In addition, the rescue effects of diazepam were attenuated by Xli-093, which specifically blocked diazepam-induced potentiation on α5-containing GABAAR, a major form of pre- and extra-synaptic GABAAR in the brainstem. Thus, our results suggest that the pre- and extra-synaptic GABAARs could be a potential therapeutic target for hyperekplexia disease caused by GlyR mutations. Hyperekplexic mutant GlyRs interact with GABAARs and disrupt the GABAAR function Pre- and extra-synaptic GABAARs are deficient in the hyperekplexia disease α5-Containing GABAAR is a potential therapeutic target for the hyperekplexia disease
Collapse
|
12
|
Jacob TC. Neurobiology and Therapeutic Potential of α5-GABA Type A Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:179. [PMID: 31396049 PMCID: PMC6668551 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
α5 subunit containing GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) have long been an enigmatic receptor subtype of interest due to their specific brain distribution, unusual surface localization and key role in synaptic plasticity, cognition and memory. These receptors are uniquely positioned to sculpt both the developing and mature hippocampal circuitry due to high overall expression and a distinct peak within the critical synapse formation period during the second postnatal week. Unlike the majority of other GABAARs, they exhibit both receptor clustering at extrasynaptic sites via interactions with the radixin scaffold as well as synaptic sites via gephyrin, thus contributing respectively to tonic currents and synaptic GABAergic neurotransmission. α5 GABAAR signaling can be altered in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism and mental retardation and by inflammation in CNS injury and disease. Due to the unique physiology and pharmacology of α5 GABAARs, drugs targeting these receptors are being developed and tested as treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders, depression, schizophrenia, and mild cognitive impairment. This review article focuses on advances in understanding how the α5 subunit contributes to GABAAR neurobiology. In particular, I discuss both recent insights and remaining knowledge gaps for the functional role of these receptors, pathologies associated with α5 GABAAR dysfunction, and the effects and potential therapeutic uses of α5 receptor subtype targeted drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kallay L, Keskin H, Ross A, Rupji M, Moody OA, Wang X, Li G, Ahmed T, Rashid F, Stephen MR, Cottrill KA, Nuckols TA, Xu M, Martinson DE, Tranghese F, Pei Y, Cook JM, Kowalski J, Taylor MD, Jenkins A, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Modulating native GABA A receptors in medulloblastoma with positive allosteric benzodiazepine-derivatives induces cell death. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:411-422. [PMID: 30725256 PMCID: PMC6478651 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric brain cancer medulloblastoma (MB) standard-of-care results in numerous comorbidities. MB is comprised of distinct molecular subgroups. Group 3 molecular subgroup patients have the highest relapse rates and after standard-of-care have a 20% survival. Group 3 tumors have high expression of GABRA5, which codes for the α5 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR). We are advancing a therapeutic approach for group 3 based on GABAAR modulation using benzodiazepine-derivatives. METHODS We performed analysis of GABR and MYC expression in MB tumors and used molecular, cell biological, and whole-cell electrophysiology approaches to establish presence of a functional 'druggable' GABAAR in group 3 cells. RESULTS Analysis of expression of 763 MB tumors reveals that group 3 tumors share high subgroup-specific and correlative expression of GABR genes, which code for GABAAR subunits α5, β3 and γ2 and 3. There are ~ 1000 functional α5-GABAARs per group 3 patient-derived cell that mediate a basal chloride-anion efflux of 2 × 109 ions/s. Benzodiazepines, designed to prefer α5-GABAAR, impair group 3 cell viability by enhancing chloride-anion efflux with subtle changes in their structure having significant impact on potency. A potent, non-toxic benzodiazepine ('KRM-II-08') binds to the α5-GABAAR (0.8 µM EC50) enhancing a chloride-anion efflux that induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and in response, TP53 upregulation and p53, constitutively phosphorylated at S392, cytoplasmic localization. This correlates with pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated death promoter protein localization. CONCLUSION GABRA5 expression can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for group 3 tumors, while α5-GABAAR is a therapeutic target for benzodiazepine binding, enhancing an ion imbalance that induces apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Havva Keskin
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra Ross
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olivia A Moody
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Taukir Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Farjana Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kirsten A Cottrill
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - T Austin Nuckols
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maxwell Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah E Martinson
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank Tranghese
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanxin Pei
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Jenkins
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel A Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, 1365C Clifton Road, Suite C5086, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, 1365C Clifton Road, Suite C5086, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prevot TD, Li G, Vidojevic A, Misquitta KA, Fee C, Santrac A, Knutson DE, Stephen MR, Kodali R, Zahn NM, Arnold LA, Scholze P, Fisher JL, Marković BD, Banasr M, Cook JM, Savic M, Sibille E. Novel Benzodiazepine-Like Ligands with Various Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, or Pro-Cognitive Profiles. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 5:84-97. [PMID: 31192221 PMCID: PMC6528097 DOI: 10.1159/000496086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function is consistently reported in psychiatric disorders, normal aging, and neurodegenerative disorders and reduced function of GABA interneurons is associated with both mood and cognitive symptoms. Benzodiazepines (BZ) have broad anxiolytic, but also sedative, anticonvulsant and amnesic effects, due to nonspecific GABA-A receptor (GABAA-R) targeting. Varying the profile of activity of BZs at GABAA-Rs is predicted to uncover additional therapeutic potential. We synthesized four novel imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) amide ligands and tested them for positive allosteric modulation at multiple α-GABAA-R (α-positive allosteric modulators), pharmacokinetic properties, as well as anxiolytic and antidepressant activities in adult mice. Efficacy at reversing stress-induced or age-related working memory deficits was assessed using a spontaneous alternation task. Diazepam (DZP) was used as a control. Three ligands (GL-II-73, GL-II-74, and GL-II-75) demonstrated adequate brain penetration and showed predictive anxiolytic and antidepressant efficacies. GL-II-73 and GL-II-75 significantly reversed stress-induced and age-related working memory deficits. In contrast, DZP displayed anxiolytic but no antidepressant effects or effects on working memory. We demonstrate distinct profiles of anxiolytic, antidepressant, and/or pro-cognitive activities of newly designed IBZD amide ligands, suggesting novel therapeutic potential for IBZD derivatives in depression and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vidojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Keith A. Misquitta
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Fee
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anja Santrac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniel E. Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bojan D. Marković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miroslav Savic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,*Etienne Sibille, PhD, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room 134, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 (Canada), E-Mail
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Golovko AI, Ivanov MB, Golovko ES, Dolgo-Saburov VB, Zatsepin EP. The Neurochemical Mechanisms of the Pharmacological Activities of Inverse Agonists of the Benzodiazepine Binding Site. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
16
|
Li G, Golani LK, Jahan R, Rashid F, Cook JM. Improved Synthesis of Anxiolytic, Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive α2/α3-GABA(A)ergic Receptor Subtype Selective Ligands as Promising Agents to Treat Anxiety, Epilepsy, as well as Neuropathic Pain. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2018; 50:4124-4132. [PMID: 32773890 PMCID: PMC7413181 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An improved synthesis of the anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and antinociceptive compounds: Hz-166, and its bioisosteres 1,2,4-oxadiazole (MP-III-080) and 1,3-oxazole (KRM-II-81) were executed in higher yields and with more facile purification methods (crystallization, etc.) in multigram quantities without column chromatography. In the synthesis of KRM-II-81, an alternative procedure was employed using the selective reducing reagent, potassium diisobutyl-t-butoxy aluminum hydride (PDBBA), to prepare the desired C(3)-aldehyde in the absence of [N(5)-C(6)] imine reduction in good yield on 20 gram scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Lalit K Golani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Farjana Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Elgarf A, Siebert DCB, Steudle F, Draxler A, Li G, Huang S, Cook JM, Ernst M, Scholze P. Different Benzodiazepines Bind with Distinct Binding Modes to GABA A Receptors. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2033-2039. [PMID: 29767950 PMCID: PMC6102643 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are clinically relevant drugs that bind to GABAA neurotransmitter receptors at the α+/γ2- interfaces and thereby enhance GABA-induced chloride ion flux leading to neuronal hyperpolarization. However, the structural basis of benzodiazepine interactions with their high-affinity site at GABAA receptors is controversially debated in the literature, and in silico studies led to discrepant binding mode hypotheses. In this study, computational docking of diazepam into α+/γ2- homology models suggested that a chiral methyl group, which is known to promote preferred binding to α5-containing GABAA receptors (position 3 of the seven-membered diazepine ring), could possibly provide experimental evidence that supports or contradicts the proposed binding modes. Thus, we investigated three pairs of R and S isomers of structurally different chemotypes, namely, diazepam, imidazobenzodiazepine, and triazolam derivatives. We used radioligand displacement studies as well as two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology in α1β3γ2-, α2β3γ2-, α3β3γ2-, and α5β3γ2-containing GABAA receptors to determine the ligand binding and functional activity of the three chemotypes. Interestingly, both imidazobenzodiazepine isomers displayed comparable binding affinities, while for the other two chemotypes, a discrepancy in binding affinities of the different isomers was observed. Specifically, the R isomers displayed a loss of binding, whereas the S isomers remained active. These findings are in accordance with the results of our in silico studies suggesting the usage of a different binding mode of imidazobenzodiazepines compared to those of the other two tested chemotypes. Hence, we conclude that different chemically related benzodiazepine ligands interact via distinct binding modes rather than by using a common binding mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa
A. Elgarf
- Department
of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Friederike Steudle
- Department
of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Draxler
- Department
of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Shengming Huang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - James M. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department
of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department
of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Forkuo GS, Nieman AN, Kodali R, Zahn NM, Li G, Rashid Roni MS, Stephen MR, Harris TW, Jahan R, Guthrie ML, Yu OB, Fisher JL, Yocum GT, Emala CW, Steeber DA, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. A Novel Orally Available Asthma Drug Candidate That Reduces Smooth Muscle Constriction and Inflammation by Targeting GABA A Receptors in the Lung. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1766-1777. [PMID: 29578347 PMCID: PMC5954213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe lead compound MIDD0301 for the oral treatment of asthma based on previously developed positive allosteric α5β3γ2 selective GABAA receptor (GABAAR) ligands. MIDD0301 relaxed airway smooth muscle at single micromolar concentrations as demonstrated with ex vivo guinea pig tracheal rings. MIDD0301 also attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin murine model of asthma by oral administration. Reduced numbers of eosinophils and macrophages were observed in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid without changing mucous metaplasia. Importantly, lung cytokine expression of IL-17A, IL-4, and TNF-α were reduced for MIDD0301-treated mice without changing antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Automated patch clamp confirmed amplification of GABA induced current mediated by α1-3,5β3γ2 GABAARs in the presence of MIDD0301. Pharmacodynamically, transmembrane currents of ex vivo CD4+ T cells from asthmatic mice were potentiated by MIDD0301 in the presence of GABA. The number of CD4+ T cells observed in the lung of MIDD0301-treated mice were reduced by an oral treatment of 20 mg/kg b.i.d. for 5 days. A half-life of almost 14 h was demonstrated by pharmacokinetic studies (PK) with no adverse CNS effects when treated mice were subjected to sensorimotor studies using the rotarod. PK studies also confirmed very low brain distribution. In conclusion, MIDD0301 represents a safe and improved oral asthma drug candidate that relaxes airway smooth muscle and attenuates inflammation in the lung leading to a reduction of AHR at a dosage lower than earlier reported GABAAR ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - M. S. Rashid Roni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Ted W. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Margaret L. Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Olivia B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Douglas A. Steeber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu MY, Wong AHC. GABAergic inhibitory neurons as therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:733-753. [PMID: 29565038 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered primarily as a cognitive disorder. However, functional outcomes in schizophrenia are limited by the lack of effective pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for cognitive impairment. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons are the main inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and they play a critical role in a variety of pathophysiological processes including modulation of cortical and hippocampal neural circuitry and activity, cognitive function-related neural oscillations (eg, gamma oscillations) and information integration and processing. Dysfunctional GABA interneuron activity can disrupt the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in the cortex, which could represent a core pathophysiological mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent research suggests that selective modulation of the GABAergic system is a promising intervention for the treatment of schizophrenia-associated cognitive defects. In this review, we summarized evidence from postmortem and animal studies for abnormal GABAergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia, and how altered GABA interneurons could disrupt neuronal oscillations. Next, we systemically reviewed a variety of up-to-date subtype-selective agonists, antagonists, positive and negative allosteric modulators (including dual allosteric modulators) for α5/α3/α2 GABAA and GABAB receptors, and summarized their pro-cognitive effects in animal behavioral tests and clinical trials. Finally, we also discuss various representative histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors that target GABA system through epigenetic modulations, GABA prodrug and presynaptic GABA transporter inhibitors. This review provides important information on current potential GABA-associated therapies and future insights for development of more effective treatments.
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu NZ, Ernst M, Treven M, Cerne R, Wakulchik M, Li X, Jones TM, Gleason SD, Morrow D, Schkeryantz JM, Rahman MT, Li G, Poe MM, Cook JM, Witkin JM. Negative allosteric modulation of alpha 5-containing GABA A receptors engenders antidepressant-like effects and selectively prevents age-associated hyperactivity in tau-depositing mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1151-1161. [PMID: 29374303 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Associated with frank neuropathology, patients with Alzheimer's disease suffer from a host of neuropsychiatric symptoms that include depression, apathy, agitation, and aggression. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of α5-containing GABAA receptors have been suggested to be a novel target for antidepressant action. We hypothesized that pharmacological modulation of this target would engender increased motivation in stressful environments. METHODS We utilized electrophysiological recordings from Xenopus oocytes and behavioral measures in mice to address this hypothesis. RESULTS In the forced-swim assay in mice that detects antidepressant drugs, the α5β3γ2 GABAΑ receptor NAM, RY-080 produced a marked antidepressant phenotype. Another compound, PWZ-029, was characterized as an α5β3γ2 receptor NAM of lower intrinsic efficacy in electrophysiological studies in Xenopus oocytes. In contrast to RY-080, PWZ-029 was only moderately active in the forced-swim assay and the α5β3γ2 receptor antagonist, Xli-093, was not active at all. The effects of RY-080 were prevented by the non-selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil as well as by the selective ligands, PWZ-029 and Xli-093. These findings demonstrate that this effect of RY-080 is driven by negative allosteric modulation of α5βγ2 GABAA receptors. RY-080 was not active in the tail-suspension test. We also demonstrated a reduction in the age-dependent hyperactivity exhibited by transgenic mice that accumulate pathological tau (rTg4510 mice) by RY-080. The decrease in hyperactivity by RY-080 was selective for the hyperactivity of the rTg4510 mice since the locomotion of control strains of mice were not significantly affected by RY-080. CONCLUSIONS α5βγ2 GABAA receptor NAMs might function as a pharmacological treatment for mood, amotivational syndromes, and psychomotor agitation in patients with Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Z Xu
- The Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Treven
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rok Cerne
- The Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark Wakulchik
- The Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xia Li
- The Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Timothy M Jones
- The Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Scott D Gleason
- The Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Denise Morrow
- The Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Md Toufiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael M Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Witkin
- The Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li G, Stephen MR, Kodali R, Zahn NM, Poe MM, Tiruveedhula VVNPB, Huber AT, Schussman MK, Qualmann K, Panhans CM, Raddatz NJ, Baker DA, Prevot TD, Banasr M, Sibille E, Arnold LA, Cook JM. Synthesis of chiral GABA A receptor subtype selective ligands as potential agents to treat schizophrenia as well as depression. ARKIVOC 2018; 2018:158-182. [PMID: 32774192 PMCID: PMC7413308 DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p010.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel imidazobenzodiazepine analogs of the lead chiral ligand SH-053-2'F-S-CH3 (2), an α2/α3/α5 (Bz)GABA (A)ergic receptor subtype selective ligand, which reversed PCP-induced prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle, were synthesized. These chiral (S)-CH3 ligands are targeted for the treatment of schizophrenia and depression. These new ligands were designed by modifying the liable ester functionality in 2 to improve the metabolic stability, cytotoxicity, and activity as compared to 2. Based on the data to date, the most promising ligands are the N-cyclopropyl amide GL-I-55 (8c) and the methyl bioisostere GL-I-65 (9a). The in vitro metabolic stability, cytotoxicity and in vivo locomotor effects are described in this report. Based on these results, 8c and 9a are the most promising for further in vivo pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Michael R Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Michael M Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - V V N Phani Babu Tiruveedhula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Alec T Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Melissa K Schussman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Krista Qualmann
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Cristina M Panhans
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Nicholas J Raddatz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - David A Baker
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Thomas D Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Knutson DE, Kodali R, Divović B, Treven M, Stephen MR, Zahn NM, Dobričić V, Huber AT, Meirelles MA, Verma RS, Wimmer L, Witzigmann C, Arnold LA, Chiou LC, Ernst M, Mihovilovic MD, Savić MM, Sieghart W, Cook JM. Design and Synthesis of Novel Deuterated Ligands Functionally Selective for the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor (GABA AR) α6 Subtype with Improved Metabolic Stability and Enhanced Bioavailability. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2422-2446. [PMID: 29481759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that α6β2/3γ2 GABAAR selective ligands may be important for the treatment of trigeminal activation-related pain and neuropsychiatric disorders with sensori-motor gating deficits. Based on 3 functionally α6β2/3γ2 GABAAR selective pyrazoloquinolinones, 42 novel analogs were synthesized, and their in vitro metabolic stability and cytotoxicity as well as their in vivo pharmacokinetics, basic behavioral pharmacology, and effects on locomotion were investigated. Incorporation of deuterium into the methoxy substituents of the ligands increased their duration of action via improved metabolic stability and bioavailability, while their selectivity for the GABAAR α6 subtype was retained. 8b was identified as the lead compound with a substantially improved pharmacokinetic profile. The ligands allosterically modulated diazepam insensitive α6β2/3γ2 GABAARs and were functionally silent at diazepam sensitive α1β2/3γ2 GABAARs, thus no sedation was detected. In addition, these analogs were not cytotoxic, which render them interesting candidates for treatment of CNS disorders mediated by GABAAR α6β2/3γ2 subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Branka Divović
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Vojvode Stepe 450 , 11221 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marco Treven
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , Spitalgasse 4 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael R Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Vojvode Stepe 450 , 11221 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Alec T Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Matheus A Meirelles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Ranjit S Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Laurin Wimmer
- TU Wien-Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Getreidemarkt 9/163 , A-1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Christopher Witzigmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | - Lih-Chu Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science , China Medical University , Taichung 40402 , Taiwan
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , Spitalgasse 4 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- TU Wien-Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Getreidemarkt 9/163 , A-1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Miroslav M Savić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Belgrade , Vojvode Stepe 450 , 11221 Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Werner Sieghart
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , Spitalgasse 4 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 3210 N. Cramer St. , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Forkuo GS, Nieman AN, Yuan NY, Kodali R, Yu OB, Zahn NM, Jahan R, Li G, Stephen MR, Guthrie ML, Poe MM, Hartzler BD, Harris TW, Yocum GT, Emala CW, Steeber DA, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. Alleviation of Multiple Asthmatic Pathologic Features with Orally Available and Subtype Selective GABA A Receptor Modulators. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2088-2098. [PMID: 28440659 PMCID: PMC5497587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two novel oral drug candidates for asthma. Phenolic α4β3γ2 GABAAR selective compound 1 and acidic α5β3γ2 selective GABAAR positive allosteric modulator compound 2 relaxed airway smooth muscle ex vivo and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. Importantly, compound 2 relaxed acetylcholine contracted human tracheal airway smooth muscle strips. Oral treatment of compounds 1 and 2 decreased eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mice, thus exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, compound 1 reduced the number of lung CD4+ T lymphocytes and directly modulated their transmembrane currents by acting on GABAARs. Excellent pharmacokinetic properties were observed, including long plasma half-life (up to 15 h), oral availability, and extremely low brain distribution. In conclusion, we report the selective targeting of GABAARs expressed outside the brain and demonstrate reduction of AHR and airway inflammation with two novel orally available GABAAR ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Amanda N. Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Nina Y. Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Olivia B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Margaret L. Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Michael M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Benjamin D. Hartzler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Ted W. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Gene T. Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Douglas A. Steeber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Douglas C. Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Learning and memory are dependent on interactive excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss a mechanism called disinhibition, which is the release of an inhibitory constraint that effectively results in an increased activity in the target neurons (for example, principal or projection neurons). We focus on discussing the role of disinhibition in learning and memory at a basic level and in disease models with cognitive deficits and highlight a strategy to reverse cognitive deficits caused by excess inhibition, through disinhibition of α5-containing GABA
A receptors mediating tonic inhibition in the hippocampus, based on subtype-selective negative allosteric modulators as a novel class of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Möhler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Rudolph
- Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Holtyn AF, Tiruveedhula VVNPB, Stephen MR, Cook JM, Weerts EM. Effects of the benzodiazepine GABA A α1-preferring antagonist 3-isopropoxy-β-carboline hydrochloride (3-ISOPBC) on alcohol seeking and self-administration in baboons. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 170:25-31. [PMID: 27865151 PMCID: PMC5183547 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), modulates many of the behavioral effects of alcohol, including sedation, tolerance, and withdrawal. The α1 subunit of the benzodiazepine GABAA receptor is the most widely expressed alpha subunit in the brain, and has been implicated in the reinforcing- and abuse-related effects of alcohol. The aim of the present study was to examine whether treatment with a benzodiazepine GABAA α1-preferring ligand, 3-isopropoxy-β-carboline hydrochloride (3-ISOPBC), selectively decreases alcohol seeking and consumption. METHODS Eight baboons self-administered alcohol (4% w/v; n=5; alcohol group) or a non-alcoholic beverage (n=3; control group) in Component 3 of a chained schedule of reinforcement. Responses in Component 2 provided indices of motivation to drink (seeking). Doses of 3-ISOPBC (5.0-30.0mg/kg) and vehicle were administered before drinking sessions under both acute and chronic (5day) conditions. RESULTS Chronic, and not acute, administration of 3-ISOPBC significantly decreased self-administration responses, g/kg alcohol consumed, and the number of drinks in and duration of the first drinking bout in the alcohol group. In the control group, chronic administration of 3-ISOPBC did not significantly decrease any of these measures at any of the doses. CONCLUSIONS The GABAA α1-preferring ligand 3-ISOPBC may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of alcohol use disorder due to its ability to selectively reduce alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- August F Holtyn
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Biology, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - V V N Phani Babu Tiruveedhula
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 3210 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 3210 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - James M Cook
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 3210 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Elise M Weerts
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Biology, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Poe MM, Methuku KR, Li G, Verma AR, Teske KA, Stafford DC, Arnold LA, Cramer JW, Jones TM, Cerne R, Krambis MJ, Witkin JM, Jambrina E, Rehman S, Ernst M, Cook JM, Schkeryantz JM. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABA A) Receptor Ligand That Combines Outstanding Metabolic Stability, Pharmacokinetics, and Anxiolytic Efficacy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10800-10806. [PMID: 27933953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Benzodiazepines are used in the treatment of anxiety disorders but have limited long-term use due to adverse effects. HZ-166 (2) has been shown to have anxiolytic-like effects with reduced sedative/ataxic liabilities. A 1,3-oxazole KRM-II-81 (9) was discovered from a series of six bioisosteres with significantly improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as compared to 2. Oxazole 9 was further characterized and exhibited improved anxiolytic-like effects in a mouse marble burying assay and a rat Vogel conflict test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Kashi Reddy Methuku
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Ashwini R Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Kelly A Teske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Douglas C Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Cramer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 42685, United States
| | - Timothy M Jones
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 42685, United States
| | - Rok Cerne
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 42685, United States
| | - Michael J Krambis
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 42685, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Witkin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 42685, United States
| | - Enrique Jambrina
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , 28108 Alcobendas, Spain
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Department for Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department for Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Schkeryantz
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana 42685, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jahan R, Stephen MR, Forkuo GS, Kodali R, Guthrie ML, Nieman AN, Yuan NY, Zahn NM, Poe MM, Li G, Yu OB, Yocum GT, Emala CW, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. Optimization of substituted imidazobenzodiazepines as novel asthma treatments. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:550-560. [PMID: 27915170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of analogs of XHE-III-74, a selective α4β3γ2 GABAAR ligand, shown to relax airway smooth muscle ex vivo and reduce airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine asthma model. To improve properties of this compound as an asthma therapeutic, a series of analogs with a deuterated methoxy group in place of methoxy group at C-8 position was evaluated for isotope effects in preclinical assays; including microsomal stability, cytotoxicity, and sensorimotor impairment. The deuterated compounds were equally or more metabolically stable than the corresponding non-deuterated analogs and increased sensorimotor impairment was observed for some deuterated compounds. Thioesters were more cytotoxic in comparison to other carboxylic acid derivatives of this compound series. The most promising compound 16 identified from the in vitro screens also strongly inhibited smooth muscle constriction in ex vivo guinea pig tracheal rings. Smooth muscle relaxation, determined by reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness with a murine ovalbumin sensitized and challenged model, showed that 16 was efficacious at low methacholine concentrations. However, this effect was limited due to suboptimal pharmacokinetics of 16. Based on these findings, further analogs of XHE-III-74 will be investigated to improve in vivo metabolic stability while retaining the efficacy at lung tissues involved in asthma pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Gloria S Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Margaret L Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Amanda N Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Nina Y Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Michael M Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Olivia B Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Douglas C Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States.
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stamenić TT, Poe MM, Rehman S, Santrač A, Divović B, Scholze P, Ernst M, Cook JM, Savić MM. Ester to amide substitution improves selectivity, efficacy and kinetic behavior of a benzodiazepine positive modulator of GABA A receptors containing the α5 subunit. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:433-443. [PMID: 27639297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized MP-III-022 ((R)-8-ethynyl-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-N,4-dimethyl-4H-benzo[f]imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepine-3-carboxamide) in vitro and in vivo as a binding- and efficacy-selective positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors containing the α5 subunit (α5GABAARs). By approximation of the electrophysiological responses which the estimated free rat brain concentrations can induce, we demonstrated that convenient systemic administration of MP-III-022 in the dose range 1-10mg/kg may result in a selective potentiation, over a wide range from mild to moderate to strong, of α5βγ2 GABAA receptors. For eliciting a comparable range of potentiation, the widely studied parent ligand SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 containing an ester moiety needs to be administered over a much wider dose range (10-200mg/kg), but at the price of activating non-α5 GABAARs as well as the desired α5GABAARs at the highest dose. At the dose of 10mg/kg, which elicits a strong positive modulation of α5GABAARs, MP-III-022 caused mild, but significant muscle relaxation, while at doses 1-10mg/kg was devoid of ataxia, sedation or an influence on the anxiety level, characteristic for non-selective benzodiazepines. As an amide compound with improved stability and kinetic properties, MP-III-022 may represent an optimized tool to study the influence of α5GABAARs on the neuronal pathways related to CNS disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome or autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Timić Stamenić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael M Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Sabah Rehman
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Santrač
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Divović
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Miroslav M Savić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu J, Xia Y, Chen K, Zheng Y, Wang J, Lu W, Yin Q, Wang F, Zhou Y, Guo C. Oncogenic role of the Notch pathway in primary liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3-10. [PMID: 27347091 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, which includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and fibrolamellar HCC, is one of the most common malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, worldwide. Despite the development of novel therapies, the prognosis of liver cancer patients remains extremely poor. Thus, investigation of the genetic background and molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of this disease has gained significant attention. The Notch signaling pathway is a crucial determinant of cell fate during development and disease in several organs. In the liver, Notch signaling is involved in biliary tree development and tubulogenesis, and is also significant in the development of HCC and ICC. These findings suggest that the modulation of Notch pathway activity may have therapeutic relevance. The present review summarizes Notch signaling during HCC and ICC development and discusses the findings of recent studies regarding Notch expression, which reveal novel insights into its function in liver cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenxia Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Forkuo GS, Guthrie ML, Yuan NY, Nieman AN, Kodali R, Jahan R, Stephen MR, Yocum GT, Treven M, Poe MM, Li G, Yu OB, Hartzler BD, Zahn NM, Ernst M, Emala CW, Stafford DC, Cook JM, Arnold LA. Development of GABAA Receptor Subtype-Selective Imidazobenzodiazepines as Novel Asthma Treatments. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2026-38. [PMID: 27120014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that subtype-selective GABAA receptor modulators are able to relax precontracted human airway smooth muscle ex vivo and reduce airway hyper-responsiveness in mice upon aerosol administration. Our goal in this study was to investigate systemic administration of subtype-selective GABAA receptor modulators to alleviate bronchoconstriction in a mouse model of asthma. Expression of GABAA receptor subunits was identified in mouse lungs, and the effects of α4-subunit-selective GABAAR modulators, XHE-III-74EE and its metabolite XHE-III-74A, were investigated in a murine model of asthma (ovalbumin sensitized and challenged BALB/c mice). We observed that chronic treatment with XHE-III-74EE significantly reduced airway hyper-responsiveness. In addition, acute treatment with XHE-III-74A but not XHE-III-74EE decreased airway eosinophilia. Immune suppressive activity was also shown in activated human T-cells with a reduction in IL-2 expression and intracellular calcium concentrations [Ca(2+)]i in the presence of GABA or XHE-III-74A, whereas XHE-III-74EE showed only partial reduction of [Ca(2+)]i and no inhibition of IL-2 secretion. However, both compounds significantly relaxed precontracted tracheal rings ex vivo. Overall, we conclude that the systemic delivery of a α4-subunit-selective GABAAR modulator shows good potential for a novel asthma therapy; however, the pharmacokinetic properties of this class of drug candidates have to be improved to enable better beneficial systemic pharmacodynamic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S Forkuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Margaret L Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Nina Y Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Amanda N Nieman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Rajwana Jahan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Michael R Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Gene T Yocum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University , New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Marco Treven
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael M Poe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Olivia B Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Benjamin D Hartzler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Nicolas M Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Margot Ernst
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University , New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Douglas C Stafford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - James M Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cappelli A, Anzini M, Castriconi F, Grisci G, Paolino M, Braile C, Valenti S, Giuliani G, Vomero S, Di Capua A, Betti L, Giannaccini G, Lucacchini A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Frosini M, Ricci L, Giorgi G, Mascia MP, Biggio G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline as Highly Potent Ligands of Central Benzodiazepine Receptors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3353-72. [PMID: 26982523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives was designed and synthesized as central benzodiazepine receptor (CBR) ligands. Most of the compounds showed high CBR affinity with Ki values within the submicromolar and subnanomolar ranges with interesting modulations in their structure-affinity relationships. In particular, fluoroderivative 7w (Ki = 0.44 nM) resulted in the most potent ligand among the imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives described so far. Overall, these observations confirmed the assumption concerning the presence of a large though apparently saturable lipophilic pocket in the CBR binding site region interacting with positions 4 and 5 of the imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline nucleus. The in vivo biological characterization revealed that compounds 7a,c,d,l,m,q,r,w show anxiolytic and antiamnestic activities without the unpleasant myorelaxant side effects of the classical 1,4-BDZ. Furthermore, the effect of 7l,q,r, and 8i in lowering lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release induced by ischemia-like conditions in rat brain slices suggested neuroprotective properties for these imidazo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Castriconi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grisci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Braile
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Valenti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vomero
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Angela Di Capua
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Betti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gino Giannaccini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Sezione Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università di Firenze , Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Sezione Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università di Firenze , Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena , Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Mascia
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria , S.S. 554-Km 4.500, 09042 Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Biggio
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria , S.S. 554-Km 4.500, 09042 Monserrato Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|