1
|
Zhang T, Qu H, Zheng W, Zhang Y, Li Y, Pan T, Li J, Yang W, Cao X, Jiang Y, Wang J, Zeng Y, Shi C, Huang H, Wang C, Yang G, Zhang J, Wang N. Oral vaccination with a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing the Eimeria tenella rhoptry neck 2 protein elicits protective immunity in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:277. [PMID: 38943202 PMCID: PMC11212160 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken coccidiosis is a protozoan disease that leads to considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. Live oocyst vaccination is currently the most effective measure for the prevention of coccidiosis. However, it provides limited protection with several drawbacks, such as poor immunological protection and potential reversion to virulence. Therefore, the development of effective and safe vaccines against chicken coccidiosis is still urgently needed. METHODS In this study, a novel oral vaccine against Eimeria tenella was developed by constructing a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (NC8) strain expressing the E. tenella RON2 protein. We administered recombinant L. plantarum orally at 3, 4 and 5 days of age and again at 17, 18 and 19 days of age. Meanwhile, each chick in the commercial vaccine group was immunized with 3 × 102 live oocysts of coccidia. A total of 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella were inoculated in each chicken at 30 days. Then, the immunoprotection effect was evaluated after E. tenella infection. RESULTS The results showed that the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the proliferative ability of spleen lymphocytes, inflammatory cytokine levels and specific antibody titers of chicks immunized with recombinant L. plantarum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The relative body weight gains were increased and the number of oocysts per gram (OPG) was decreased after E. tenella challenge. Moreover, the lesion scores and histopathological cecum sections showed that recombinant L. plantarum can significantly relieve pathological damage in the cecum. The ACI was 170.89 in the recombinant L. plantarum group, which was higher than the 150.14 in the commercial vaccine group. CONCLUSIONS These above results indicate that L. plantarum expressing RON2 improved humoral and cellular immunity and enhanced immunoprotection against E. tenella. The protective efficacy was superior to that of vaccination with the commercial live oocyst vaccine. This study suggests that recombinant L. plantarum expressing the RON2 protein provides a promising strategy for vaccine development against coccidiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hangfan Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tianxu Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haibin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- College of Foreign Languages, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Microecological Vaccines (Drugs) for Major Animal Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bora CAF, Kumar VJA, Mathivathani C. Prevalence of Avian coccidiosis in India: a review. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:181-188. [PMID: 38840883 PMCID: PMC11147979 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis stands as a highly significant and economically impactful parasitic ailment in poultry, attributed to the intracellular parasite belonging to the genus Eimeria. This affliction poses considerable financial challenges to the poultry industry and is prevalent in most tropical and subtropical regions globally. The primary mode of transmission is through the fecal-oral route, predominantly affecting young chicks and chickens within intensive rearing systems. There are nine distinct Eimeria species that affect poultry, manifesting primarily in caecal and intestinal forms. Diagnosis typically relies on examining fecal samples for oocysts and post-mortem lesions. Molecular techniques are employed for both diagnosis and control of poultry coccidiosis. To combat the disease, anticoccidials are consistently incorporated into feed and water, but this practice may contribute to the emergence of resistant strains. Various vaccines, including live or live attenuated options, are currently in use for coccidiosis prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Angeline Felicia Bora
- Present Address: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Puducherry, 605009 India
| | - V. J. Ajay Kumar
- Present Address: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Puducherry, 605009 India
| | - C. Mathivathani
- Present Address: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Puducherry, 605009 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He Y, Wang Z, Li S, Chen P, Liu K, Li M, Wang Y, Shaukat A, Abdullah M, Li S, Huang S, Jian F. Effects of three kinds of Chinese herbs on growth performance, oocysts output and gut microbiota in growing lambs with coccidiosis. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2024; 71:2024.009. [PMID: 38813809 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2024.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a protozoan intestinal disease that reduces the production of the sheep industry and causes large economic losses for sheep. Although chemically synthesised drugs are routinely employed to treat coccidiosis in sheep, the anticoccidial drug resistance and drug residues in edible meat have prompted an urgent search for alternatives. Herein, the anticoccidial properties of diclazuril, a conventional anticoccidial drug, and Allium sativum, Houttuynia cordata and Portulaca oleracea were assessed. Forty 45-day-old lambs naturally infected with Eimeria spp. were selected and randomly divided into five groups. The results showed that the sheep treated for coccidiosis had considerably decreased average daily gain (ADG) during both administration and withdrawal of the drug compared to the control group. Furthermore, at days 14, 21, 28 and 35, respectively, the three herbs and diclazuril had similar anticoccidial effects, with lower oocysts per gram (OPG) than the control group. On day 78, OPG in the three herbal groups was significantly lower than in the diclazuril group. In addition, the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota were changed in sheep treated with the three herbs and diclazuril compared to the untreated sheep. Moreover, some intestinal microorganisms have a correlation with OPG and ADG when using Spearman correlation analysis. In summary, our results suggest that all three herbs produce anticoccidial effects similar to diclazuril and modulate the balance of gut microbiota in growing lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shijie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manman Li
- Henan Zhongyang Animal Husbandry Co. Ltd., China
| | - Yingmin Wang
- Henan Zhongyang Animal Husbandry Co. Ltd., China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. # These authors contributed equally. *Corresponding author: Shucheng Huang, E-mail: , ORCID: 0000-0003-3163-8616; Fuchun Jian, E-mail: , ORCID: 0000-0001-9481-2277. Address for correspondence: College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen H, Li J, Pan X, Hu Z, Cai J, Xia Z, Qi N, Liao S, Spritzer Z, Bai Y, Sun M. A novel avian intestinal epithelial cell line: its characterization and exploration as an in vitro infection culture model for Eimeria species. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 38243250 PMCID: PMC10799501 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gastrointestinal epithelium plays an important role in directing recognition by the immune system, and epithelial cells provide the host's front line of defense against microorganisms. However, it is difficult to cultivate avian intestinal epithelial cells in vitro for lengthy periods, and the lack of available cell lines limits the research on avian intestinal diseases and nutritional regulation. Chicken coccidiosis is a serious intestinal disease that causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. In vitro, some cell line models are beneficial for the development of Eimeria species; however, only partial reproduction can be achieved. Therefore, we sought to develop a new model with both the natural host and epithelial cell phenotypes. METHODS In this study, we use the SV40 large T antigen (SV40T) gene to generate an immortalized cell line. Single-cell screening technology was used to sort positive cell clusters with epithelial characteristics for passage. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification, immunofluorescence detection, and bulk RNA sequencing analysis and validation were used to check the expression of epithelial cell markers and characterize the avian intestinal epithelial cell line (AIEC). AIECs were infected with sporozoites, and their ability to support the in vitro endogenous development of Eimeria tenella was assessed. RESULTS This novel AIEC consistently expressed intestinal epithelial markers. Transcriptome assays revealed the upregulation of genes associated with proliferation and downregulation of genes associated with apoptosis. We sought to compare E. tenella infection between an existing fibroblast cell line (DF-1) and several passages of AIEC and found that the invasion efficiency was significantly increased relative to that of chicken fibroblast cell lines. CONCLUSIONS An AIEC will serve as a better in vitro research model, especially in the study of Eimeria species development and the mechanisms of parasite-host interactions. Using AIEC helps us understand the involvement of intestinal epithelial cells in the digestive tract and the immune defense of the chickens, which will contribute to the epithelial innate defense against microbial infection in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoting Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Zijie Xia
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zachary Spritzer
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinshan Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China.
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramalingam V, Muthusamy R, Bohra K, Palavesam A, Gopal D. Cloning, expression and purification of Eimeria maxima gametocyte antigen-EmGam56 for control of poultry coccidiosis. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:773-777. [PMID: 38009159 PMCID: PMC10667185 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry coccidiosis is an important devitalizing enteric protozoan disease caused by a group of obligatory intracellular apicomplexan parasites of the Genus Eimeria contributing to major economic loss in commercial poultry worldwide. As the current method of chemotherapeutic control using ionophores in feed had led to development of drug resistant isolates, the need for development of prophylactic vaccines is the most viable alternate and eco-friendly control strategy as on date. Of the several candidate vaccines, the EmGam 56 is one of the most promising candidates which protect the birds against E. maxima, E. tenella and E. acervulina, the three most pathogenic coccidian species infecting commercial chicken. EmGam56 is a major wall forming component of macrogametocyte of E. maxima and a candidate with high immunogenicity and low virulence. The present study was planned and carried out for the generation of E.coli expressed recombinant gametocyte antigen-EmGam56 using pET 28(a+) as cloning vector and BL21 DE3 (pLysS) as prokaryotic expression system in a Bio-fermentor (New Brunswick™ Scientific BioFlo 310). The recombinant protein was purified by conventional (Ammonium sulphate precipitation) and by automatic purification system (AKTA prime) in Ni-NTA column for a planned immunization trial with experimental chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayashanthi Ramalingam
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals (TRPVB), Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, 600051 Chennai, India
| | - Raman Muthusamy
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals (TRPVB), Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, 600051 Chennai, India
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077 India
| | - Kasthuri Bohra
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals (TRPVB), Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, 600051 Chennai, India
| | - Azhahianambi Palavesam
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals (TRPVB), Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, 600051 Chennai, India
| | - Dhinakarraj Gopal
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals (TRPVB), Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, 600051 Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Li M, Tan Q, Chen J, Sun J, Li J, Sun L, Chen N, Song Q, Zhao X, Li H, Zhang X. A moderate anticoccidial effect of cedrol on Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens. Parasitol Int 2023; 97:102779. [PMID: 37451395 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As drug-resistant strains of Eimeria have emerged and concerns about drug residues in poultry have grown, there is renewed interest in identifying natural alternatives to control coccidiosis. Cedrol, a natural sesquiterpene alcohol, was used in this study to test anticoccidial efficacy in chicks. Both the control and treatment groups were orally challenged with 2 × 104 oocysts per chicken. Chicks administered with cedrol had reduced oocyst count, an increase in the relative weight gain rate of chicks, and a decrease in severe swelling of the cecum. Based on the above, ACI was calculated and the cedrol group reached moderate anti-coccidial activity (169.34). In chickens treated with cedrol, there were no changes in serum biochemical parameters, but oxidative stress biomarkers and cytokine levels associated with anticoccidial response were altered. These changes suggest that the administered concentration of cedrol did not have any adverse effects on the chickens while enhancing their antioxidant capacity and immunity, leading to an improved anticoccidial ability. In conclusion, this study shows that the addition of cedrol in poultry production has an anticoccidial effect and successfully improves growth performance during the growth period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Muzi Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qing'dao, China
| | - Qianqian Tan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinkun Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinxuan Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Nianyuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qingyang Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Lu M, Zhang Z, Huang X, Huang J, Liu J, Huang J, Song X, Xu L, Yan R, Li X. The microneme adhesive repeat domain of MIC3 protein determined the site specificity of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria mitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291379. [PMID: 38022512 PMCID: PMC10663340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of host and tissue tropisms among parasites of veterinary and medical importance has long posed a substantial challenge. Among the seven species of Eimeria known to parasitize the chicken intestine, a wide variation in tissue tropisms has been observed. Prior research suggested that microneme protein (MIC) composed of microneme adhesive repeat (MAR) domain responsible for initial host cell recognition and attachment likely dictated the tissue tropism of Eimeria parasites. This study aimed to explore the roles of MICs and their associated MARs in conferring site-specific development of E. acervuline, E. maxima, and E. mitis within the host. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that MIC3 of E. acervuline (EaMIC3), MIC3 of E. maxima (EmMIC3), MIC3 of E. mitis (EmiMIC3), MAR3 of EaMIC3 (EaMIC3-MAR3), MAR2 of EmMIC3 (EmMIC3-MAR2), and MAR4 of EmiMIC3 (EmiMIC3-MAR4), exhibited binding capabilities to the specific intestinal tract where these parasites infect. In contrast, the invasion of sporozoites into host intestinal cells could be significantly inhibited by antibodies targeting EaMIC3, EmMIC3, EmiMIC3, EaMIC3-MAR3, EmMIC3-MAR2, and EmiMIC3-MAR4. Substitution experiments involving MAR domains highlighted the crucial roles of EaMIC3-MAR3, EmMIC3-MAR2, and EmiMIC3-MAR4 in governing interactions with host ligands. Furthermore, animal experiments substantiated the significant contribution of EmiMIC3, EmiMIC3-MAR4, and their polyclonal antibodies in conferring protective immunity to Eimeria-affiliated birds. In summary, EaMIC3, EmMIC3, and EmiMIC3 are the underlying factors behind the diverse tissue tropisms exhibited by E. acervuline, E. maxima, and E. mitis, and EaMIC3-MAR3, EmMIC3-MAR2, and EmiMIC3-MAR4 are the major determinants of MIC-mediated tissue tropism of each parasite. The results illuminated the molecular basis of the modes of action of Eimeria MICs, thereby facilitating an understanding and rationalization of the marked differences in tissue tropisms among E. acervuline, E. maxima, and E. mitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangrui Li
- The Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Daneshmand A, Kumar A, Kheravii SK, Pasquali GAM, Wu SB. Xylanase and beta-glucanase improve performance parameters and footpad dermatitis and modulate intestinal microbiota in broilers under an Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103055. [PMID: 37734358 PMCID: PMC10514458 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an enteric disease of poultry worldwide that compromises gut health and growth performance. The current research investigated the effects of 2 doses of a multienzyme preparation on broilers' performance, gut health, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) under an Eimeria challenge. A total of 512 mixed-sex day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments of 8 replicates. Treatments were: 1) nonchallenged control (NC); 2) NC + Eimeria challenge (CC); 3) CC + recommended level of xylanase and glucanase (XG, 100 g/t feed [on top]); 4) CC + double XG (2XG, 200 g/t feed). Eimeria spp. vaccine strains were gavaged on d 9 to induce coccidiosis in chickens. Performance parameters were evaluated during starter, grower, and finisher phases, and 4 birds per pen were euthanized on d 16 for sampling, FPD was scored on d 35, and litter moisture was analyzed on d 17 and 35. The data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's test to separate means, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for non-normally distributed parameters. The results showed that the Eimeria challenge was successful based on reduced weight gain and feed intake during grower phase, and higher FITC-d concentration, lesion score (female), and oocyst counts (d 14) in CC group compared to N.C. group, while XG and 2XG increased (P < 0.001) weight gain and improved FCR compared to CC and NC groups during finisher phase. The addition of X.G. and 2XG decreased litter moisture (P = 0.003) and FPD (P < 0.001) in challenged broilers compared to the N.C. group (d 35). Supplementing XG and 2XG reestablished the population of Lactobacillus in the cecum of challenged birds to an intermediate level between the NC and CC groups (P > 0.05). The inclusion of XG tended to increase the expression of Junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), which was not different from CC and NC groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the combination of xylanase and glucanase (Natugrain TS) improved the performance and modulated jejunal microbiota of broilers under mild Eimeria challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Daneshmand
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Alip Kumar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | | | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li F, Li X, Jiang M, Wang C, Liu G, Yang Z, Wu Y. Research progress into the application of Mycobacterium phlei in veterinary medicine. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2617-2624. [PMID: 37723902 PMCID: PMC10650220 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium phlei is a gram-positive acid-fast mycobacterium from the family Mycobacteriaceae. It is a valuable resource for both natural drugs and microecological preparations. It has been widely used in the field of human medicine; however, in the field of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, the research and application of M. phlei is still in the preliminary exploration stage. This study aims to summarize the research progress of M. phlei in the field of veterinary medicine and provide a valuable reference for future research. Key words, such as 'M. phlei', 'veterinary field', 'immune balancer', 'genome' and other relevant words to this study, were used to search through PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. The results showed that the culture conditions of M. phlei were relatively simple, but its bacterial composition and genome sequence were relatively complex, and various components in the cell wall may have immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, the inactivated preparation made from M. phlei can have various applications in the veterinary field, such as growth regulation, immune regulation, antitumour, anti-parasite and asthma treatment. The literature review indicates that M. phlei preparation is an efficient and convenient immune system balance agent. Despite the challenges associated with the use of M. phlei preparations, it has a strong potential for application in veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd.LiuyangHunanChina
| | - Meng‐Lin Jiang
- College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chun‐Hua Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Gao‐Feng Liu
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co., Ltd.LiuyangHunanChina
| | - Zi Yang
- Academician WorkstationChangsha Medical UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Veterinary MedicineHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song HY, Deng ML, Yang JF, Ma J, Shu FF, Cheng WJ, Zhu XQ, Zou FC, He JJ. Transcriptomic, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid and network pharmacology analyses shed light on the anticoccidial mechanism of green tea polyphenols against Eimeria tenella infection in Wuliangshan black-boned chickens. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:330. [PMID: 37726789 PMCID: PMC10510215 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan that invades the chicken cecum and causes coccidiosis, which induces acute lesions and weight loss. Elucidating the anticoccidial mechanism of action of green tea polyphenols could aid the development of anticoccidial drugs and resolve the problem of drug resistance in E. tenella. METHODS We constructed a model of E. tenella infection in Wuliangshan black-boned chickens, an indigenous breed of Yunnan Province, China, to study the efficacy of green tea polyphenols against the infection. Alterations in gene expression and in the microbial flora in the cecum were analyzed by ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the host gene expression data obtained by RNA sequencing. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to clarify the interactions between the component green tea polyphenols and the targeted proteins; potential anticoccidial herbs were also analyzed. RESULTS Treatment with the green tea polyphenols led to a reduction in the lesion score and weight loss of the chickens induced by E. tenella infection. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), MMP1, nitric oxide synthase 2 and ephrin type-A receptor 2 was significantly altered in the E. tenella infection plus green tea polyphenol-treated group and in the E. tenella infection group compared with the control group; these genes were also predicted targets of tea polyphenols. Furthermore, the tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate acted on most of the targets, and the molecular docking analysis showed that it has good affinity with interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 protein. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing showed that the green tea polyphenols had a regulatory effect on changes in the fecal microbiota induced by E. tenella infection. In total, 171 herbs were predicted to act on two or three targets in MMP7, MMP1, nitric oxide synthase 2 and ephrin type-A receptor 2. CONCLUSIONS Green tea polyphenols can directly or indirectly regulate host gene expression and alter the growth of microbiota. The results presented here shed light on the mechanism of action of green tea polyphenols against E. tenella infection in chickens, and have implications for the development of novel anticoccidial products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Song
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Ling Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fa Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Fan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Cheng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Cai Zou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Wang X, Huang S, Huang Y, Shi H, Bai X. Effects of dietary essential oil supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and intestinal tight junctions of broilers with or without Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102874. [PMID: 37406442 PMCID: PMC10339057 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of essential oil on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, serum antioxidant capacity, and intestinal tight junctions of broilers with or without Eimeria challenge were investigated. A total of 576 one-day-old male broilers were randomly separated into 8 treatments (6 replication floor-pens per treatment, 12 broilers per pen) in a 4 × 2 factorial design. The 4 diets consisted of 1) a corn and soybean meal basal diet, 2) an anticoccidial diet (60 g nicarbazin and 60 g narasin per ton of feed), 3) an oregano oil diet (500 ppm oregano oil), and 4) a clove oil diet (500 ppm clove oil). On d 10, half chicks were challenged with 1 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima per chick, whereas the others were inoculated with an equal amount of dilution (0.5 mL). The Eimeria challenge induced a higher fecal oocyst output on d 18, a lower duodenum Occludin expression level on d 28, a lower serum catalase level, and a higher cook loss and protein loss in thigh muscle on d 42. The anticoccidial diet lowered fecal Eimeria output and increased d 1 to 42 BW gain as compared to the control diet. The clove oil treatment enhanced duodenum ZO-1 expression level in nonchallenged birds, increased BW gain from d 1 to 14 and breast yield on d 42. The oregano oil treatment enhanced ZO-1 expression of challenged birds, reduced feed intake from 15 to 28 d, and helped broilers gain more tender meat. For those Eimeria-challenged broilers, both clove and oregano oil treatments recovered drip loss in breast muscle. Our results suggested that Eimeria challenge in broiler early age could interrupt later serum antioxidant capacity and damage meat quality. The dietary supplementation of clove or oregano essential oils could improve broiler growth performance and partially relieve the coccidial damage in gut integrity and meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - S Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - H Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mao X, Dou Y, Fan X, Yu B, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, Luo Y, Yan H, Wang J, Wang H, Wang Q. The effect of dietary Yucca schidigera extract supplementation on productive performance, egg quality, and gut health in laying hens with Clostridium perfringens and coccidia challenge. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102822. [PMID: 37321033 PMCID: PMC10404776 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) is a green feed additive that is known to reduce toxic gas emissions and promote intestinal health in animal production. This study investigated the potential of dietary YSE supplementation to mitigate the negative effect of Clostridium perfringens and coccidia infection on productive performance and gut health in laying hens. A total of 48 Lohmann gray laying hens (35 wk of age) were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 groups (n = 24) fed with either a basal diet or a YSE-supplemented diet for 45 d. From d 36 to 45, half of the hens in each group were orally administrated with Clostridium perfringens type A and coccidia. This challenge impaired productive performance and egg quality (P < 0.05), destroyed jejunal morphology and functions (P < 0.05), induced jejunal epithelial cell apoptosis (P < 0.05), and downregulated the antioxidant capacity and Nrf2 pathway expression of jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05) in laying hens. Supplementing YSE in the laying hen diet, to some extents, improved productive performance and egg quality (P < 0.05), and alleviated the effect of challenge on morphology, functions, cell apoptosis, and antioxidant capacity in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Overall, the results suggested that dietary YSE supplementation might mitigate the negative effects of Clostridium perfringens and coccidia infection on gut health, and thereby improve the productive performance and egg quality of laying hens, possibly through enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the jejunum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yisong Dou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqi Fan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Quyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cai H, Luo S, Liu Q, Zhou Q, Yan Z, Kang Z, Liao S, Li J, Lv M, Lin X, Hu J, Yu S, Zhang J, Qi N, Sun M. Effects of a complex probiotic preparation, Fengqiang Shengtai and coccidiosis vaccine on the performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:253. [PMID: 37501177 PMCID: PMC10375739 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccidiosis, a prominent intestinal protozoan disease, carries significant economic implications for the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Fengqiang Shengtai (BLES), a probiotics product, and coccidiosis vaccine in modulating the intestinal microbiome and providing insight into mitigating the occurrence and management of avian coccidiosis. METHODS Broilers included in the study were divided into four pre-treatment groups: the Pre-Con group (commercial diet), Pre-BLES group (BLES supplement), Pre-Vac group (coccidiosis vaccination) and Pre-Vac-BLES group (combined vaccination and BLES). Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were monitored from age 25 to 55 days. Cecum contents were collected at 8 and 15 days of age for comparative analysis of intestinal microbiomes. In the Pre-BLES and Pre-Vac-BLES groups, probiotics were administered at a dose of 0.01 g per chicken between ages 3 to 6 days and 10-13 days. At 3 days of age, chickens in the Pre-Vac and Pre-Vac-BLES groups were vaccinated with 1700 sporulated oocysts of the live coccidiosis vaccine per chicken. At the age of 25 days, Eimeria spp. challenge experiments were performed based on the aforementioned immunization strategy, and the oocysts per gram (OPG) in the feces, intestinal lesion score and intestinal pathological characteristics were evaluated. Specifically, 30 chickens were randomly selected from each group and orally administered 34,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. per chicken, re-defined as Eimeria group, BLES-Eimeria group, Vac-Eimeria group and Vac-BLES-Eimeria group, respectively. Additionally, 30 chickens were randomly selected from the Pre-Con group and included as negative control without Eimeria spp. CHALLENGE Intestinal microbiota was sequenced and analyzed when the broilers were 32 days old. RESULTS A significant improvement was observed in body weight gain of the broilers in the Pre-BLES and Pre-Vac-BLES group at 45 days of age. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed a positive correlation between the experimental groups receiving BLES and coccidiosis vaccines at 8 and 15 days of age with the Enterococcus genus and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. In addition to the reduced lesion score and OPG values, the combination of coccidiosis vaccine and BLES also reduced the intestinal epithelial abscission induced by coccidiosis vaccines. The results of intestinal microbial function prediction demonstrated that N-glycan biosynthesis and ferroptosis were the prominent signal pathways in the Vac-BLES-Eimeria group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that supplementation of BLES with coccidiosis vaccine represents a promising strategy for improving growth performance, alleviating clinical manifestations and inducing favorable alterations to the intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens affected by coccidiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Cai
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihong Liu
- Jiangsu HFQ Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haimen, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Kang
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minna Lv
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuilan Yu
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, 527400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thagfan F, Dkhil MA, Al-Shaebi EM, Abdel-Gaber R, Al-Quraishy S, Elshanat S. Biosynthesized Nanosilver from Ginger Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatic Responses during Eimeria papillata Infection. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23806-23811. [PMID: 37426206 PMCID: PMC10324095 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Although several anticoccidial medications have long been used to prevent coccidiosis, their adverse effects necessitate the use of alternative control methods. In this study, Eimeria papillate was used to infect the mouse jejunum, and the response of the liver to induced coccidiosis on treatment with nanosilver synthesized from Zingiber officinale (NS) and the reference anticoccidial drug amprolium was compared. Mice were infected with 1000 sporulated oocysts to induce coccidiosis. NS was able to inhibit the sporulation of E. papillate by approximately 73%, and also, the NS treatment improved the liver function in mice, as proven by lower levels of the liver enzymes AST, ALT, and ALP. Furthermore, treatment with NS improved the parasite-induced liver histological injury. Also, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels increased following treatment. Moreover, the concentrations of metal ions, Fe, Mg, and Cu, were studied, where only the Fe concentration was affected after treatment of the E. papillate-infected mice with Bio-NS. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in NS is thought to be responsible for its positive effects. Overall, the current study found that NS outperformed amprolium in E. papillata-induced mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felwa
A. Thagfan
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department
of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11732, Egypt
- Applied
Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan
| | - Esam M. Al-Shaebi
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Elshanat
- Department
of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 11511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shah SAA, Qureshi NA, Qureshi MZ, Alhewairini SS, Saleem A, Zeb A. Characterization and bioactivities of M. arvensis, V. officinalis and P. glabrum: In-silico modeling of V. officinalis as a potential drug source. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103646. [PMID: 37181636 PMCID: PMC10173785 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In current study the pharmaceutically active herbs was used against coccidiosis, caused by a protozoan: Eimeria, lead to $ 3 billion loss annually. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of whole plants were applied in-vitro to assess sporulation inhibition (spi) assay and calculated the inhibitory concentration (IC50). For in-vivo study 9 groups of 14 day old broiler chicks were infected with Eimeria tenella and three groups were treated different concentrations of methanolic extracts of Verbena officinalis and Polygonum glabrum post infection. The mean weight gain, oocyst count, diarrhea, biochemical tests, hematology, and histopathology of all groups were analyzed. The herbs were characterized by antioxidant assay, phytochemical screening, Fourier transmission and infrared (FT-IR), Ultra Violet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The GC-MS identified phyto-compounds of V. officinalis were docked with S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) synthetase. The in-vitro study revealed that V. officinalis and P. glabrum have minimum IC50 of 0.14 and 12 mg/ml respectively. The in-vivo experiment showed that V. officinalis had significantly high anticoccidial potential with significant hematological profile like drug treated controls. The histology of treated chicks also showed recovery in the studied tissues. The antioxidant assay showed that V. officinalis have 4.19U/mg Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 33.96 µM/mg Glutathione (GSH) quantities. The chemical characterization confirmed the presence of large number of organic compounds, however Flavonoids found only in V. officinalis, which suggests the anticoccidial potential of V. officinalis because flavonoids as antagonist of thiamine (Prinzo, 1999), because it promotes the carbohydrate synthesis required. Strychane, 1-acetyl-20a-hydroxy-16-methylene has best binding of with target protein with lowest binding score (-6.4 Kcal/mol), suggests its anticoccidial potential in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aizaz Ali Shah
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Muhammad Zahid Qureshi
- Deanship of Educational Services, Department of Biochemistry, Qassim University, Malidah, Buraida, Al Qassim 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S. Alhewairini
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Malidah, Buraida, Al Qassim 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anber Saleem
- Department of Anatomy, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44080, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Zeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alagbe EO, Schulze H, Adeola O. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, cecal mucosal cytokines and serum antioxidant responses of broiler chickens to dietary enzymatically treated yeast and coccidia challenge. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:57. [PMID: 37038240 PMCID: PMC10084602 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production. This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast (ETY) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, antioxidative status, and cecal mucosa cytokines of coccidia-challenged broiler chickens. METHODS From d 1 to 14 post hatching, 480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY (0, 1, or 2 g/kg). The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight (BW) used as a blocking factor. On d 14 post hatching, the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental diets. Each of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge group. This resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral gavage. RESULTS Dietary ETY improved (P < 0.05) the G:F of birds on d 21 regardless of the challenge state and linearly increased (P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen, and gross energy (GE). The coccidia challenge decreased (P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake of broiler chickens and reduced (P < 0.01) the total tract retention of DM, GE, and nitrogen. The coccidia challenge increased (P < 0.01) the mRNA gene expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 in the cecal mucosa. There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for ETY to linearly reduce IL-1β expression. Additionally, ETY supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the gene expression of OCLN. Serum catalase increased (P < 0.05) with dietary ETY in broiler chickens on d 21. Dietary ETY linearly increased (P < 0.05) the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio, and ileal goblet cell density in broiler chickens. The ileal and excreta oocyst counts decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of dietary ETY in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens on d 21. CONCLUSIONS Dietary ETY enhanced nutrient utilization and augmented intestinal development in broiler chickens. However, dietary ETY did not completely attenuate the adverse effects of a coccidia challenge in broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cervantes HM, McDougald LR. Raising broiler chickens without ionophore anticoccidials. J APPL POULTRY RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2023.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
|
18
|
Nutritional supplements for the control of avian coccidiosis. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Coccidiosis is acclaimed as the most prevalent enteric parasitic ailment of poultry. It is caused by an apicomplexan protozoon of the genus Eimeria, which resides in chicken intestinal epithelium leading to intestinal damage. As a result, bloody droppings are there, feed efficiency is reduced, the growth rate is impaired, and egg production is temporarily decreased. Treatment and prevention of coccidiosis are primarily accomplished by inoculating live vaccines and administering anticoccidial drugs. Due to anticoccidials’ continuous and excessive use, the mounting issue is drug resistant Eimeria strains. The poultry industry has managed resistance-related issues by suggesting shuttle and rotation schemes. Furthermore, new drugs have also been developed and introduced, but it takes a long time and causes cost inflation in the poultry industry. Moreover, government disallows growth promoters and drugs at sub-therapeutic doses in poultry due to increased concerns about the drug residues in poultry products. These constraints have motivated scientists to work on alternative ways to control coccidiosis effectively, safely, and sustainably. Using nutritional supplements is a novel way to solve the constraints mentioned above. The intriguing aspects of using dietary supplements against coccidiosis are that they reduce the risk of drug-resistant pathogen strains, ensure healthy, nutritious poultry products, have less reliance on synthetic drugs, and are typically considered environmentally safe. Furthermore, they improve productivity, enhance nonspecific immunity, preventing oxidation of fats (acting as antioxidants) and inflammation (acting as an anti-inflammatory). The present manuscript focuses on the efficacy, possible mechanism of action, applications, and different facets of nutrition supplements (such as organic acids, minerals, vitamins, probiotics, essential oils, amino acids, dietary nucleotides, feed enzymes, and yeast derivatives) as feed additive for treating poultry coccidiosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Al-Sayed SE, Abdel-Latif M, Abdel-Haleem HM, El-Shahawy G, Abdel-Tawab H. Protective efficacy of Eglin C from Hirudo medicinalis against Eimeria papillata-induced coccidiosis. Vet Parasitol 2023; 314:109869. [PMID: 36586192 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to find a new therapeutic agent from Hirudo medicinalis for murine coccidiosis. Ion-exchange chromatography was performed to separate different fractions of HEA (hirudo extract antigens). Eight different fractions were experimentally tested against murine eimeriosis induced by Eimeria papillate. The oocysts output was counted to determine the most effective fractions. For the five most effective fraction groups, jejunal histological examination and goblet cells count as well as mRNA expression of MUC2 gene using RT-PCR were performed. The data indicated that these fractions significantly decreased the oocysts output and the number of parasite developmental stages, while the goblet cell numbers and the expression of MUC2 were increased. Effective fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE and proteomic analysis for detection of their bioactive macromolecules. The fractions reveled only a protein at 8 kDa while the results of spectroscopy and bioinformatics identified the protein as Eglin C. The pooled fractions containing Eglin C were tested in vitro to determine its stimulation for the intestinal lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ together with IL-6 release in the supernatant. The results showed that higher Eglin C concentrations reduced the stimulation index of lymphocyte proliferation as well as the stimulation index of IFN-γ and IL-6 production. In conclusion, Eglin C protein can be used as a target for therapeutic treatment or as an anti-inflammatory agent for coccidiosis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrouk E Al-Sayed
- Division of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Latif
- Division of Immunity, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdel-Haleem
- Division of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Shahawy
- Division of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Division of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kandeel M, Morsy MA, Abd El-Lateef HM, Marzok M, El-Beltagi HS, Al Khodair KM, Albokhadaim I, Venugopala KN, Al-Rasheed M, Ismail MM. A century of "anticoccidial drugs": bibliometric analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157683. [PMID: 37205230 PMCID: PMC10185802 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Publications are an important measure of scientific and technological progress. The quantitative examination of the number of publications in a certain research topic is known as bibliometrics. Bibliographic studies are widely used to analyse the condition of research, future potential, and current growth patterns in a certain topic. It can serve as a basis for making decisions and implementing strategies to achieve long-term development goals. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted in these domains; so, this work aims to employ bibliometric analysis to provide comprehensive data on publications related to anticoccidial drugs. As a result, the current study uses bibliometric analysis to track the evolution of anticoccidial drugs and its consequences in the academic and public worlds via a survey of relevant scientific and popular publications. The Dimensions database was used to retrieve the bibliographical statistics, which were then cleaned and analyzed. The data was also loaded into the VOS viewer, which generated a network visualization of the authors with the most joint articles. The investigation discovered three stages of publications and citations since the first article on anticoccidial drugs in 1949. The first stage, which ran from 1920 to 1968, was characterized by a scarcity of research articles on anticoccidial drugs. From 1969 to 2000, the second stage was marked by a stable and marginally increased number of articles. The scientific field was characterized by an increasing trend in the number of publications and their citations from 2002 to 2021. The study gave a complete list of the top anticoccidial drugs funding agents, countries, research institutes, most cited publications, and important co-authorship and partnerships. The outcomes of the study will help veterinary practitioners and researchers understand the trends and best sources of knowledge in the field of anticoccidial medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mahmoud Kandeel,
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Marzok
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khalid M. Al Khodair
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Al-Rasheed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Avian Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Ismail
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hatabu T, Pham HHS, Aota W, Fujino S, Nishihara R, Kawamura G, Sakogawa Y, Taniguchi S, Matsubayashi M. Reduction of oocyte shedding and cecal inflammation by 5-aminolevulinic acid daily supplementation in laying hens infected with Eimeria tenella. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13806. [PMID: 36627207 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on Eimeria tenella infection in laying hens. Oocyst shedding and histopathology were evaluated. A reduced oocyst shedding was observed 5 and 7 days post-infection (dpi) in the 5-ALA-administered group, but the total number of oocysts during the first infection period was not different between control and 5-ALA-treated groups. After E. tenella attack infection, the period of oocyst shedding in the 5-ALA-administered group lasted less long than that in controls. During the attack infection period, the total number of fecal oocysts in the 5-ALA-treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, the parasite burden score in hens receiving 5-ALA was higher than that in controls after E. tenella attack infection. The lesion scores at 5 and 30 dpi in the control group were significantly lower than those in the 5-ALA-administered group. Therefore, 5-ALA administration might be beneficial against E. tenella infection in laying hens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hung Hoang Son Pham
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Wataru Aota
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shota Fujino
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rio Nishihara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Go Kawamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuudai Sakogawa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Taniguchi
- Agricultural Promotion and Advisory Division, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Department, Hokusatsu Regional Promotion Bureau, Satsumasendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang H, Liao S, Yang J, Zhang L, Tan A, Ou D, Lv S, Song X. Response Surface Optimization of Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with HPLC for the Rapid Analysis of Multiple Coccidiostats in Feed. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238559. [PMID: 36500652 PMCID: PMC9738599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since antimicrobials were banned as feed additives, coccidiostats with favorable anticoccidial action and growth promotion have been widely used in the breeding industry. The monitoring of coccidiostats in feed is necessary, while the current methods based on mass-spectrometer analysis have limited applicability and matrix effects could interfere with the results. Accordingly, in the present paper, a rapid analytical strategy for the simultaneous determination of six synthetic coccidiostats in feed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection was developed. Coccidiostats in chicken feeds were extracted with the trichloroacetic acid-acetonitrile solution. The cleanup was performed by dispersive solid-phase extraction after the optimization of the response surface methodology. The method exhibited good linearity for target coccidiostats within the range of 0.05~20 µg/mL. Recoveries for six compounds in fortified feed samples were from 67.2% to 107.2% with relative standard deviations less than 9.6%. The limit of detection was 0.2~0.3 mg/kg. The successful application of the method in commercial feed verified that it is effective and sensitive for the rapid determination of multiple coccidiostats in chicken feeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haolan Tang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shudan Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aijuan Tan
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Deyuan Ou
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shiming Lv
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (X.S.)
| | - Xuqin Song
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (X.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han M, Hu W, Chen T, Guo H, Zhu J, Chen F. Anticoccidial activity of natural plants extracts mixture against Eimeria tenella: An in vitro and in vivo study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1066543. [PMID: 36504841 PMCID: PMC9727100 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1066543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis, an acute epidemic intestinal disease of poultry, is caused by the parasitic protozoan genus Eimeria, with Eimeria tenella being the most pathogenic spp. Novel approaches are required to address the limitations of current treatments for this disease. We investigated the effects of eight plant extracts and essential oils and their mixture on Eimeria tenella as potential treatments for coccidial infection. The anticoccidial effects of non-toxic concentrations of Punica granatum L. (0.005 mg/mL), Plantago asiatica L. (0.780 mg/mL), Bidens pilosa L. (0.390 mg/mL), Acalypha australis L. (0.390 mg/mL), Pteris multifida Poir (0.050 mg/mL), and Portulaca oleracea L. sp. Pl. (0.050 mg/mL) extracts; Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant. (0.010 μL/mL) and Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze (0.050 μL/mL) essential oils; and their mixture (0.500 mL/mL) on Eimeria tenella were determined using cell viability assays, flow cytometry, and in vivo studies. The eight plant extracts and essential oils and their mixture inhibited Eimeria tenella sporozoites from invading chicken embryo fibroblast cells in vitro. The extract and essential oil mixture improved the feed conversion ratio and body weight gain, reduced fecal oocyst excretion, substantially reduced the mortality of Eimeria tenella-infected chickens, and reduced Eimeria tenella-induced cecal damage in vivo. The results suggest that the extract and essential oil mixtures inhibit Eimeria tenella invasion both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating their potential as anticoccidial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Han
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Hanxing Guo
- Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China,*Correspondence: Feng Chen
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Akinci I, Luo W, Xu Y, Jebessa E, Blake D, Sparks N, Hanotte O, Nie Q. Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed circRNAs miRNAs and mRNAs during the challenge of coccidiosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910860. [PMID: 36458003 PMCID: PMC9706185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is a common enzootic disease caused by infection of Eimeria species parasites. It causes huge economic losses in the global poultry industry. Current control using anticoccidial drugs or vaccination is limited due to drug resistance and the relatively high cost of vaccines. Improving host genetic resistance to Eimeria species is considered an effective strategy for improved control of coccidiosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to function as biomarkers or diagnoses of various kinds of diseases. The molecular biological functions of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs related to Sasso chicken have not yet been described during Eimeria species challenge. In this study, RNA-seq was used to profile the expression pattern of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in spleens from Eimeria tenella-infected and non-infected commercial dual-purpose Sasso T445 breed chickens. Results showed a total of 40 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), 31 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 820 differentially expressed genes (DEmRNAs) between infected and non-infected chickens. Regulatory networks were constructed between differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs to offer insights into the interaction mechanisms between chickens and Eimeria spp. Functional validation of a significantly differentially expressed circRNA, circMGAT5, revealed that circMGAT5 could sponge miR-132c-5p to promote the expression of the miR-132c-5p target gene monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD) during the infection of E. tenella sporozoites or LPS stimulation. Pathologically, knockdown of circMGAT5 significantly upregulated the expression of macrophage surface markers and the macrophage activation marker, F4/80 and MHC-II, which indicated that circMGAT5 might inhibit the activation of macrophage. miR-132c-5p markedly facilitated the expression of F4/80 and MHC-II while circMGAT5 could attenuate the increase of F4/80 and MHC-II induced by miR-132c-5p, indicating that circMGAT5 exhibited function through the circMGAT5-miR-132c-5p-MMD axis. Together, our results indicate that circRNAs exhibit their resistance or susceptive roles during E. tenella infection. Among these, circMGAT5 may inhibit the activation of macrophages through the circMGAT5-miR-132c-5p-MMD axis to participate in the immune response induced by Eimeria infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Chen
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangfeng Chen
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ibrahim Akinci
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Poultry Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Xu
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Endashaw Jebessa
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- LiveGene – CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Damer Blake
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Sparks
- Roslin Institute Building, Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- LiveGene – CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kasem SM, Mira NM, Mahfouz ME, Helal IB. In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Ethanolic Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis and its Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Oocysts of Chickens. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:295. [PMID: 36329254 PMCID: PMC9633124 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) were used as nanocarrier for ultrasonicated ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (UEERO) as a new nanoformulation against Eimeria tenella. Herein, CsNPs have been synthesized by ionic gelation method at pH 3 (CsNPs3) and pH 5 (CsNPs5), followed by characterization of morphology, size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface charge, and loading efficiency of UEERO. An in vitro sporulation inhibition assay (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, 0.31, 0.15, 0.07, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 mg/ml normal saline solution) against E. tenella was conducted. Results showed that free CsNPs and UEERO-CsNPs3/5 were cubic- and spherical-shaped with positive charge and average size of ~ 150.8 nm (314.4 nm) and 151.7 nm (321.1 nm), respectively. The total loading efficiency using UV–vis spectrophotometer, was 80.05 at pH 5 and 64.39% at pH 3. The in vitro sporulation inhibition assay revealed that UEERO, CsNPs3/5, and UEERO-CsNPs3/5 showed a potential inhibitory effect on sporulation (%), distortion in wall (%), and sporocyst abnormality (%) in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, the concentration (10 mg/ml) showed the best efficacy after 24 h in UEERO, free CsNPs, and UEERO-CsNPs. Moreover, UEERO-CsNPs3 and UEERO-CsNPs5 had stopped the sporulation (%) after 72 h. Taken all together, UEERO-CsNPs3 and UEERO-CsNPs5 are best effective against E. tenella in a dose-dependent manner in terms of sporulation (%), distortion in wall (%), and sporocysts abnormality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Kasem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Nabila M Mira
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Magdy E Mahfouz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim B Helal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, EL Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Antibiotic Residues in Poultry Eggs and Its Implications on Public Health: A Review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
27
|
Aguinaga-Casañas MA, Mut-Salud N, Falcón-Piñeiro A, Alcaraz-Martínez Á, Guillamón E, Baños A. In Vitro Antiparasitic Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from Allium cepa against Eimeria acervulina Sporozoites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102040. [PMID: 36296317 PMCID: PMC9607501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the alternatives to control avian coccidiosis, alliaceous extracts stand out due to their functional properties. Despite this, most of the references are focused just on garlic. In this study, we analyze the in vitro effects of propyl-propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), two organosulfur compounds from onion, on MDBK cells infected with sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina. To this aim, two different experiments were performed. In the first experiment, sporozoites were previously incubated for 1 h at 1, 5 and 10 µg/mL of PTS or PTSO and added to MDBK cells. In the second experiment, MDBK cells were first incubated for 24 h at different concentrations of PTS or PTSO and then infected with E. acervulina sporozoites. Then, 24 h after inoculation, the presence of E. acervulina was quantified by qPCR. MDBK viability was measured at 72 h post-infection. Sporozoites incubated at 10 µg/mL of PTS and PTSO inhibited the capability to penetrate the cells up to 75.2% ± 6.44 and 71.7% ± 6.03, respectively. The incubation of MDBK with each compound resulted in a preventive effect against sporozoite invasion at 1 µg/mL of PTS and 1 and 10 µg/mL of PTSO. Cells incubated with PTSO obtained similar viability percentages to uninfected cells. These results suggest that the use of PTS and PTSO is a promising alternative to coccidiosis treatment, although further in vivo studies need to be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuria Mut-Salud
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Falcón-Piñeiro
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Guillamón
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Coccidiostats and Poultry: A Comprehensive Review and Current Legislation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182738. [PMID: 36140870 PMCID: PMC9497773 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis remains one of the major problems of the poultry industry. Caused by Eimeria species, Coccidiosis is a contagious parasitic disease affecting poultry with great economic significance. Currently, in order to prevent health problems caused by this disease, broiler farmers make extensive use of coccidiostats in poultry feed, maintaining animal health and, in some cases, enhancing feed conversion. The presence of unauthorized substances, residues of veterinary products and chemical contaminants in the food industry is of concern, since they may pose a risk to public health. As the use of coccidiostats has been increasing without any requirements for veterinary prescription, research and surveillance of coccidiostat residues in poultry meat is becoming imperative. This review presents an up-to-date comprehensive discussion of the state of the art regarding coccidiosis, the most used anticoccidials in poultry production, their mode of action, their prophylactic use, occurrence and the European Union (EU) applicable legislation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Al-Sayed SE, Abdel-Latif M, Abdel-Haleem HM, El-Shahawy G, Abdel-Tawab H. Therapeutic effects of Hirudo medicinalis extract antigens on modulation of CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 T cell activity in murine eimeriosis. Vet Parasitol 2022; 309:109772. [PMID: 35917641 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Eimeriosis is a common parasitic disease in the chicken industry. The aim of this study was to assess the protective role of Hirudo extract antigens (HEA) against murine eimeriosis induced by Eimeria papillate. The oocyst output, developmental stages, goblet cells and oxidative stress, were investigated. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect anti-apoptotic Bcl2 marker and the number of both CD4+ and CD25+ cells in jejunal tissue, while ELISA was used to quantify TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-22 in jejunal tissue homogenate. Real-time PCR was also used to detect mRNA expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and FoxP3. The most effective dose (5 µg/mice) reduced the oocyst output by 82.95 ± 1.02% (P ˂ 0.001). Similarly, the same dose reduced the jejunal developmental stages by 66.67 ± 0.49% (P ˂ 0.001). Furthermore, HEA therapy increased the number of jejunal goblet cells by 12.8 ± 1 (P ˂ 0.001) and the expression of MUC2 by 0.83 ± 0.06 (P ˂ 0.001). In contrast, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, iNOS, and IL-1β expression as well as apoptosis were reduced. The number of CD4+ and CD25+ in the jejunal tissue was increased (14.6 ± 1.2 (P ˂ 0.001), 6.84 ± 1 (P ˂ 0.01), respectively) after HEA therapy. The molecular analysis showed an increased expression of intestinal Foxp3 (3.2 ± 0.13 (P ˂ 0.001), while IL-22 was reduced (124 ± 10 (P ˂ 0.001)) versus an increase in TGF-β (250 ± 17 (P ˂ 0.01)) and IL-10 (236 ± 16 (P ˂ 0.001)) after HEA treatment in comparison to the non-treated infected group. With respect to the infected group, HEA reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO) (15.7 ± 1.12 (P ˂ 0.001)) and nitric oxide (NO) (13 ± 1.3 (P ˂ 0.001)) but increased reduced glutathione (GSH) (3.7 ± 0.26 (P ˂ 0.001)). In conclusion, HEA therapy protected against intestinal tissue damage by activation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3 cells which showed anti-inflammatory action. Hence, HEA can be recommended as a therapeutic treatment for eimeriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrouk E Al-Sayed
- Division of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Latif
- Division of Immunity, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdel-Haleem
- Division of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Shahawy
- Division of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Division of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim M, Chung Y, Manjula P, Seo D, Cho S, Cho E, Ediriweera TK, Yu M, Nam S, Lee JH. Time-series transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in broiler chicken infected with mixed Eimeria species. Front Genet 2022; 13:886781. [PMID: 36003329 PMCID: PMC9393255 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis caused by the Eimeria species is a highly problematic disease in the chicken industry. Here, we used RNA sequencing to observe the time-dependent host responses of Eimeria-infected chickens to examine the genes and biological functions associated with immunity to the parasite. Transcriptome analysis was performed at three time points: 4, 7, and 21 days post-infection (dpi). Based on the changes in gene expression patterns, we defined three groups of genes that showed differential expression. This enabled us to capture evidence of endoplasmic reticulum stress at the initial stage of Eimeria infection. Furthermore, we found that innate immune responses against the parasite were activated at the first exposure; they then showed gradual normalization. Although the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was significantly operative at 4 dpi, its downregulation led to an anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, the construction of gene co-expression networks enabled identification of immunoregulation hub genes and critical pattern recognition receptors after Eimeria infection. Our results provide a detailed understanding of the host-pathogen interaction between chicken and Eimeria. The clusters of genes defined in this study can be utilized to improve chickens for coccidiosis control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoonji Chung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Prabuddha Manjula
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
| | - Dongwon Seo
- Research Institute TNT Research Company, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Bio AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunghyun Cho
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunjin Cho
- Department of Bio AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Myunghwan Yu
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunju Nam
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Heon Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Bio AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- *Correspondence: Jun Heon Lee,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu J, Sun M, Qi N, Abuzeid AM, Li J, Cai H, Lv M, Lin X, Liao S, Li G. Inhibitory effect of morin on aldolase 2 from Eimeria tenella. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 20:1-10. [PMID: 35952522 PMCID: PMC9385451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) is a protozoal parasite that can cause severe cecal lesions and death in chickens, seriously harming the chicken industry. Conventional control strategies mainly rely on anticoccidial drugs. However, the emerging problems of anticoccidial resistance and drug residues necessitate exploring potential drug targets for developing new anticoccidial drugs. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALD) is an essential enzyme for parasite energy metabolism that has been considered a potential drug target. In this study, we analyzed the molecular and biochemical properties of E. tenella ALD2 (EtALD2). EtALD2 mRNA expression was highest in second-generation merozoites, whereas the protein level was highest in unsporulated oocysts. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that EtALD2 was mainly distributed in sporozoite' cytoplasm. The natural product inhibitor (morin) was screened by computer-aided drug screening. Enzyme kinetic and inhibition kinetic assays showed that morin had a good inhibitory effect on EtALD2 activity (IC50 = 10.37 μM, Ki = 48.97 μM). In vitro inhibition assay demonstrated that morin had an inhibitory effect on E. tenella development, with an IC50 value of 3.98 μM and drug selection index of 177.49. In vivo, morin significantly improved cecal lesions (p < 0.05) and reduced oocyst excretion (p < 0.05) in E. tenella-infected chickens compared with the untreated group. The anticoccidial index of the group receiving 450 mg morin per kg feed was 162, showing a good anticoccidial effect. These findings suggest that EtALD2 could be a novel drug target for E. tenella treatment, and morin should be further evaluated as a therapeutic candidate for chicken coccidiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Asmaa M.I. Abuzeid
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Juan Li
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Minna Lv
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China,Corresponding author.
| | - Guoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510542, China,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cai H, Luo S, zhou Q, Yan Z, Liu Q, Kang Z, Liao S, Li J, Lv M, Lin X, Hu J, Yu S, Zhang J, Qi N, Sun M. Effects of Bacillus subtilis and coccidiosis vaccine on growth indices and intestinal microbiota of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102091. [PMID: 36095864 PMCID: PMC9472081 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
33
|
Punicalagin: a monomer with anti-Eimeria tenella effect from Fruit peel of Punica granatum L. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102100. [PMID: 36055031 PMCID: PMC9449852 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry production was long plagued by coccidiosis, and the development of alternative therapies will make practical sense. In this work, 2 battery experiments were designed. In battery experiment 1, the best effect of 7 anticoccidial herbs (Sophora japonica Linn, Citrus aurantium L, leaf of Acer palmatum, bark of Magnolia officinalis, fruit peel of Punica granatum L., Eclipta prostrata L., and Piper sarmentosum Roxb.) against Eimeria tenella infection of 21-day-old male Chinese Guangxi yellow-feathered chickens were screened out by clinic indexes (bloody feces scores, cecal lesion scores, oocysts output, relative weight gain rate, and survival rate). According to the results from battery experiment 1 and other literature research, we selected 2 monomers which were extracted from fruit peel of Punica granatum L. for further battery experiment 2 which were similar with battery experiment 1. Clinic results showed that Punicalagin had better anticoccidial effect than Ellagic acid. The anticoccidial mechanism exploration results of Elisa, antioxidant test, and pathological observation showed that Punicalagin reduced the cecal inflammation, improved the expression of immunoglobulin in cecal tissue, improved cecal integrity, and restored its REDOX state. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that Punicalagin also maintained the fecal flora health during E. tenella infection through insignificantly increasing the proportion of Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium as well as significantly reducing the proportion of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia–Shigella. RNA-Seq analysis results suggested that Punicalagin may play a role in controlling E. tenella infection by interaction with cytochrome P450 family enzymes. Overall, Punicalagin has promising potential as an alternative therapy for chicken Eimeria tenella infection.
Collapse
|
34
|
Flores RA, Nguyen BT, Cammayo PLT, Võ TC, Naw H, Kim S, Kim WH, Na BK, Min W. Epidemiological investigation and drug resistance of Eimeria species in Korean chicken farms. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:277. [PMID: 35836230 PMCID: PMC9284840 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidiosis is a poultry disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by Eimeria species. The infection is associated with reduced feed efficiency, body weight gain, and egg production. This study aimed to investigate the current status of coccidiosis and anticoccidial resistance to anticoccidial drugs used as part of control strategies for this disease in Korean chicken farms. Results An overall prevalence of 75% (291/388) was found. Positive farms contained several Eimeria species (mean = 4.2). Of the positive samples, E. acervulina (98.6%), E. maxima (84.8%), and E. tenella (82.8%) were the most prevalent species. Compared with cage-fed chickens, broilers and native chickens reared in free-range management were more at risk of acquiring an Eimeria infection. Sensitivities to six anticoccidial drugs (clopidol, diclazuril, maduramycin, monensin, salinomycin, and toltrazuril) were tested using nine field samples. Compared with untreated healthy control chickens, the body weight gains of infected chickens and treated/infected chickens were significantly reduced in all groups. Fecal oocyst shedding was significantly reduced in four clopidol-treated/infected groups, three diclazuril-treated/infected groups, two toltrazuril-treated/infected groups, one monensin-treated/infected group, and one salinomycin-treated/infected group, compared with the respective untreated/infected control groups. Intestinal lesion scores were also reduced in three clopidol-treated/infected groups, one monensin-treated/infected group, and one toltrazuril-treated/infected group. However, an overall assessment using the anticoccidial index, percent optimum anticoccidial activity, relative oocyst production, and reduced lesion score index found that all field samples had strong resistance to all tested anticoccidial drugs. Conclusion The results of this large-scale epidemiological investigation and anticoccidial sensitivity testing showed a high prevalence of coccidiosis and the presence of severe drug resistant Eimeria species in the field. These findings will be useful for optimizing the control of coccidiosis in the poultry industry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03369-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle A Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Binh T Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Paula Leona T Cammayo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuấn Cường Võ
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Haung Naw
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo H Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Department of Convergence Medical Science, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bangoura B, Bhuiya MAI, Kilpatrick M. Eimeria infections in domestic and wild ruminants with reference to control options in domestic ruminants. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2207-2232. [PMID: 35680677 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria infections are commonly seen in a variety of mammalian hosts. This genus of unicellular sporozoan parasites causes significant disease (coccidiosis) in different livestock species leading to economic losses for agricultural producers. Especially the production of cattle, sheep, and goat is strongly dependent on efficient coccidiosis control. However, many other livestock hosts like, e.g., camelids, bison, rabbits, and guinea pigs may benefit from reduced parasite transmission and targeted control measures as well. Besides livestock, also wildlife and pet animals may be affected by Eimeria infections resulting in clinical or subclinical coccidiosis. Wildlife herd health is crucial to conservation efforts, and Eimeria species are a prevalent pathogen in multiple mammalian wildlife species. This review aims to highlight the epidemiology of mammalian Eimeria infections in both wild and domestic ruminants, including host specificity, transmission, survival of environmental oocysts, occurrence, and risk factors for infection. Understanding general drivers of Eimeria infection may support adequate livestock and wildlife management. Furthermore, control options for livestock with reference to management factors, drug application, and alternative approaches are discussed. The goal of Eimeria control should be to reduce pathogen transmission in different host species and to improve sustainable livestock production. Controlling Eimeria infections in livestock is important considering both their animal welfare impact and their high economic relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berit Bangoura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA.
| | - Md Ashraful Islam Bhuiya
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA
| | - Michelle Kilpatrick
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82070, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cai H, Liao S, Li J, Liu Q, Luo S, Lv M, Lin X, Hu J, Zhang J, Qi N, Sun M. Single and Combined Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Coccidiosis Vaccine on Growth Performance and the Intestinal Microbiome of Broiler Chickens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811428. [PMID: 35547128 PMCID: PMC9083122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is an important intestinal protozoan disease that has caused major economic losses to the poultry industry. Clostridium butyricum can not only maintain the stability of the intestinal barrier, but can also improve the production performance of broiler chickens. We studied the effects of feeding C. butyricum alone, administration of coccidiosis vaccine alone, and the combined administration of C. butyricum and coccidiosis vaccine on body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Meanwhile, intestinal contents of 8- and 15-day-old broilers were collected, and their intestinal microbiome was characterized by high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of 16S rDNA. We analyzed the oocysts per gram values and lesion scores in the C. butyricum alone group, in a group challenged with the coccidiosis-causing parasite, Eimeria, and in groups simultaneously challenged Eimeria and pretreated with C. butyricum, the coccidiosis vaccine, or combined C. butyricum and coccidiosis vaccine. Intestinal tissue samples were collected from 32-day-old broilers for microbiome analysis. Our results showed that combination of C. butyricum with coccidiosis vaccine significantly improved the performance of broiler chickens and also significantly reduced the oocysts per gram value and intestinal lesions caused by Eimeria sp. infection. Furthermore, C. butyricum and coccidiosis vaccine administered alone or in combination significantly increased the relative abundance of the immune biomarker genus Barnesiella. The significant increase in the abundance of the Clostridia_UCG.014, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Bacteroides was a key factor in controlling Eimeria sp. infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Cai
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihong Liu
- Jiangsu HFQ Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haimen, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Qianyan Animal Health Care Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minna Lv
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Zhaoqing/Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jeon YS, Kim YB, Lee HG, Park J, Heo YJ, Chu GM, Lee KW. Effect of Dietary Organic and Inorganic Sulfur on the Performance of Coccidiosis Vaccine Challenged Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1200. [PMID: 35565626 PMCID: PMC9099933 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary sulfur from either organic (methyl sulfonyl methane, MSM) or inorganic (sodium sulfate, SS) sources on the growth performance of broiler chickens challenged against a high-dose coccidiosis vaccine. A total of 320 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly placed into 32 pens of 10 birds each (keeping 16 pens/control group and 8 pens/treatment group until 21 days post-hatch) and reared for 28 days. The experimental diets were formulated by mixing a corn and soybean meal-based control diet with MSM or SS. At 21 days post-hatch, half (n = 8) of the control and all of the sulfur-added diet-fed (i.e., MSM and SS) groups were challenged with a 30-fold dose of a commercially available Eimeria vaccine (Livacox® T coccidiosis vaccine). Unchallenged control chicks (n = 8) were considered as the negative control group. At 21 days (before coccidiosis vaccine challenge), the production parameters and cecal short-chain fatty acids were not affected by dietary treatments. The concentrations of total antioxidant capacity in liver samples were elevated in both the MSM and SS groups compared with the control group (p = 0.001). During 21 to 28 days (i.e., one week post coccidiosis vaccine challenge), challenge tended to lower body weight and feed intake by an average of 5.3% (p = 0.262) and 2.8% (p = 0.504), respectively, but to increase the feed conversion ratio by an average of 2.7% (p = 0.087) compared with the non-challenged control groups. None of dietary sulfur groups affected the body weight gain, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio of vaccine-challenged chickens. Mild Eimeria-specific lesions were noted in duodenum (p = 0.006), jejunum (p = 0.017), and ceca (p = 0.047), but dietary sulfur treatments did not affect the Eimeria-induced gut lesion scores. At 28 days, Eimeria challenge significantly impaired (p = 0.001) the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and crude ash compared with the naïve control group. Dietary MSM increased the apparent ileal digestibility of crude ash by 15.5% on average compared with the coccidiosis vaccine control group. We conclude that dietary antioxidant sulfur of organic or inorganic origins at the inclusion level (i.e., 0.7 g sulfur/kg of diet) has a limited effect on the growth performance of chickens challenged with coccidiosis vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sung Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yoo-Bhin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yun-Ji Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Gyo-Moon Chu
- Busanbio, Nonghyup Feed Co., Ltd., 337 Uam-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48475, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (Y.-B.K.); (H.-G.L.); (J.P.); (Y.-J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Andreopoulou M, Chaligiannis I, Sotiraki S, Daugschies A, Bangoura B. Prevalence and molecular detection of Eimeria species in different types of poultry in Greece and associated risk factors. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2051-2063. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Transcending Dimensions in Apicomplexan Research: from Two-Dimensional to Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cultures. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0002522. [PMID: 35412359 PMCID: PMC9199416 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00025-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum are among the most successful pathogens known in nature. They can infect a wide range of hosts, often remain undetected by the immune system, and cause acute and chronic illness. In this phylum, we can find parasites of human and veterinary health relevance, such as Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, Cryptosporidium, and Eimeria. There are still many unknowns about the biology of these pathogens due to the ethical and practical issues of performing research in their natural hosts. Animal models are often difficult or nonexistent, and as a result, there are apicomplexan life cycle stages that have not been studied. One recent alternative has been the use of three-dimensional (3D) systems such as organoids, 3D scaffolds with different matrices, microfluidic devices, organs-on-a-chip, and other tissue culture models. These 3D systems have facilitated and expanded the research of apicomplexans, allowing us to explore life stages that were previously out of reach and experimental procedures that were practically impossible to perform in animal models. Human- and animal-derived 3D systems can be obtained from different organs, allowing us to model host-pathogen interactions for diagnostic methods and vaccine development, drug testing, exploratory biology, and other applications. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in the use of 3D systems applied to apicomplexans. We show the wide array of strategies that have been successfully used so far and apply them to explore other organisms that have been less studied.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang H, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Zhang K, Mao X, Chu L, Hou D, Xuan Y, Wang J. Alleviating effect of dietary supplementation of benzoic acid, Enterococcus faecium and essential oil complex on coccidia and Clostridium perfringens challenge in laying hens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101720. [PMID: 35231770 PMCID: PMC8886132 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effects of dietary supplementation of benzoic acid, Enterococcus faecium, and essential oil complex (BEC) on coccidia and Clostridium perfringens challenge in laying hens. A total of 80 Lohmann gray laying hens (35 wk old) were allocated to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main effects of Clostridium perfringens type A (CP) and coccidia challenge (with or without challenge) and 2 BEC levels (0 and 1,000 mg/kg). The total experimental period was 6 wk. The results showed that: the challenge group significantly decreased the laying rate and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of laying hens (PChallenge < 0.01). The BEC + challenge group significantly increased the laying rate and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of laying hens (PBEC < 0.05). The challenge significantly decreased the thickness, strength, and relative weight of eggshell (PChallenge < 0.05). The BCE + challenge group significantly increased the relative weight and strength of the eggshell (PBEC < 0.05). The challenge significantly increased the crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and decreased the villus-to-crypt ratio (V/C) (PChallenge < 0.01). The BEC + challenge group decreased the crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum, and increased the V/C of the duodenum (PBEC < 0.01). The pathological scores of duodenum and jejunum of the challenge group were significantly higher than other groups (PChallenge < 0.01), while the BEC + challenge group had lower pathological scores of jejunum (PBEC < 0.01). The challenge significantly decreased the mRNA expression of Occludin, Mucin-2, Zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) (Pchallenge < 0.05); whereas the BEC group significantly increased the expression of Occludin, Mucin-2, and Claudin-1 mRNA (PBEC < 0.05). The challenge significantly increased the level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the jejunum (PChallenge < 0.05). Taken together, adding BEC to the diet can improved production performance and egg quality of layers, by protecting intestinal health against Clostridium perfringens type A (CP) and coccidia challenge.
Collapse
|
41
|
Jamil M, Aleem MT, Shaukat A, Khan A, Mohsin M, Rehman TU, Abbas RZ, Saleemi MK, Khatoon A, Babar W, Yan R, Li K. Medicinal Plants as an Alternative to Control Poultry Parasitic Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030449. [PMID: 35330200 PMCID: PMC8953102 DOI: 10.3390/life12030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections are a major public health concern affecting millions of people universally. This review elaborates on the potential impacts of plants and their bioactive components that have been widely used in the cure of several parasitic infections of poultry. The medicinal importance of natural herbs depends upon their bioactive ingredients, which are originated from crude plants, consequently leading to the specific action on the body. Due to the limited availability of effective drugs and high cost, the development of drug resistance in several harmful parasites and microbes leads to huge economic losses in the poultry industry. This will impose the development of innovative sources for drugs to overwhelm the therapeutic failure. Moreover, the environment-friendly feed additives which can be applied as a substitute to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) for broilers were proven. The application of natural products with therapeutic characteristics is an ancient practice that is appropriately gaining more acceptance. Globally, it is assessed that some 20,000 species of higher plants are used medicinally, although traditional medicine has a scarcity of knowledge on its efficiency and wellbeing. This review explores the usage of medicinal herbs for parasitic infections, emphasizing the recent knowledge available while detecting the research gaps which may be explored to find the usage of herbal medicines for parasitic infections in poultry. In conclusion, herbal medicines are the effective source of prime components for drug detection and the formation of phytopharmaceuticals in the control of devastating parasitic infections. There is a prerequisite to applying the traditional medicine information in clinical applications via value addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jamil
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Asad Khan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Tauseef ur Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (T.u.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Waseem Babar
- Department of Parasitology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.u.R.); (K.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mesa-Pineda C, Navarro-Ruíz JL, López-Osorio S, Chaparro-Gutiérrez JJ, Gómez-Osorio LM. Chicken Coccidiosis: From the Parasite Lifecycle to Control of the Disease. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:787653. [PMID: 34993246 PMCID: PMC8724208 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.787653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is one of the main providers of protein for the world's population, but it faces great challenges including coccidiosis, one of the diseases with the most impact on productive performance. Coccidiosis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, which are a group of monoxenous obligate intracellular parasites. Seven species of this genus can affect chickens (Gallus gallus), each with different pathogenic characteristics and targeting a specific intestinal location. Eimeria alters the function of the intestinal tract, generating deficiencies in the absorption of nutrients and lowering productive performance, leading to economic losses. The objective of this manuscript is to review basic concepts of coccidiosis, the different Eimeria species that infect chickens, their life cycle, and the most sustainable and holistic methods available to control the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffer L. Navarro-Ruíz
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara López-Osorio
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Briscoe AG, Nichols S, Hartikainen H, Knipe H, Foster R, Green AJ, Okamura B, Bass D. High-Throughput Sequencing of faeces provides evidence for dispersal of parasites and pathogens by migratory waterbirds. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:1303-1318. [PMID: 34758191 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Examination of faecal material has demonstrated how a broad range of organisms are distributed by bird movements. Such research has largely focused on dispersal of plant seeds by frugivores and of freshwater organisms by waterbirds. However, with few exceptions (e.g. avian influenza, Ebola virus), there is a dearth of evidence for transport of parasites and pathogens. High-throughput sequencing methods now provide a powerful means of addressing this knowledge gap by elucidating faecal contents in unprecedented detail. We collected faeces excreted by a range of migratory waterbirds in south-west Spain and pooled faecal DNA to create libraries reflective of feeding behavior. We created sets of libraries using high-throughput metagenomic and amplicon sequencing. For the latter we employed two sets of primers to broadly target the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene (one set amplifying the region across all eukaryotes, the other excluding amplification of metazoans). Libraries revealed a wide diversity of eukaryotes, including parasites of the faecal producers themselves, parasites of food items, or those incidentally ingested. We also detected novel microbial eukaryotic taxa and found that parasite assemblage profiles were relatively distinct. Comparing the performance of the methods used supports their joint use for future studies of diversity and abundance. Because viable stages of many parasites are likely to be present in faeces, our results suggest significant levels of bird-mediated dispersal of parasites (both from avian and other hosts). Our methods revealed much hidden biodiversity, and allowed identification of the individuals who produced the faecal samples to species level, facilitating the study of interaction networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Briscoe
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Nichols
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Hartikainen
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Eawag and Institute for Integrative Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hazel Knipe
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Foster
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy J Green
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beth Okamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Environment, Aquaculture and Fisheries Science (Cefas), Weymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
In vitro activity of selected natural products against Eimeria tenella sporozoites using reproduction inhibition assay. Parasitol Res 2021; 121:335-344. [PMID: 34757499 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria tenella is the causative agent of cecal coccidiosis in poultry characterized by weight loss, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and high mortality rates. Research into herbal candidates with possible anticoccidial activity has increased lately. As an alternative to animal experiments, an in vitro reproduction inhibition assay (RIA) was previously designed to determine the sensitivity of E. tenella isolates against ionophores. In this study, the RIA was used to test the anticoccidial activity of nutmeg oil, cinnamon oil, and glabridin. The concentration of nutmeg oil used in this study ranged between 1.1 and 139.1 μg/ml. Nutmeg oil exhibited a moderate in vitro inhibitory activity ranging from 35.5 to 49.5%. In contrast, no inhibitory effect was detected when incubating E. tenella sporozoites for 24 h with cinnamon oil at concentrations of 0.3 to 80.5 μg/ml. Glabridin (0.08-41.7 μg/ml) prevented the replication of sporozoites at a rate of 14.1 to 81.7% of inhibition. The calculated minimum concentrations of glabridin needed to inhibit parasite replication by 75%, 50%, and 30% (MIC75, MIC50, and MIC30) were 21.43 μg/ml, 5.28 μg/ml, and 0.96 μg/ml, respectively. Further studies to assess the in vitro efficacy of glabridin were performed by studying mRNA gene expression of stress-induced protein genes (HSP-70, NADPH, and EtPP5) after exposure of E. tenella sporozoites to glabridin at MIC75 for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h (a time-dependent experiment). Moreover, a dose-dependent experiment was performed using glabridin at a concentration matching MIC75, MIC50, and MIC30 for 24 h. In the time-dependent experiment, a significant (p < 0.05) increase of expression in NADPH and EtPP5 were detected after 4 h of incubation with glabridin at a concentration of 21.43 μg/ml. The dose-dependent experiment exhibited a gradual increase of expression in all studied genes, which indicates stress imposed on E. tenella sporozoites by glabridin. In our hands, RIA was suitable to assess the anticoccidial activity exhibited by the tested natural products as a precursor to in vivo studies which will help in the identification of novel anticoccidial candidates.
Collapse
|
45
|
Mohsin M, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Huang Z, Yin G, Zhang Z. Development of CRISPR-CAS9 based RNA drugs against Eimeria tenella infection. Genomics 2021; 113:4126-4135. [PMID: 34740777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are major trouble in many parts of the world. We consider that if a chemical can break a DNA barcode sequence, it might be used to develop a species-specific anti-parasitic agent. To examine this hypothesis, we constructed sgRNAs that target both the control (5.8S rDNA) and a DNA barcode (ITS) sequence in Eimeria tenella. In vitro experiment showed that Cas9 mRNA combined with sgRNAs could reduce the sporulation percentage of oocysts and the survival rate of sporulated oocysts and sporozoites. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the DNAs of parasites exposed to Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs were significantly affected, regardless of whether they were exposed to a combination of two sgRNAs or just a single sgRNA. The DNA sequencing also indicated that the experimental group exposed to two sgRNAs mixed with Cas9-induced deletion of large parts and a single sgRNA mixed with Cas9-induced mutation at sgRNA targeted fragments. In vivo trial, the effect of sgRNA and Cas9 RNA on the pathogenicity of E. tenella in chicken showed less lesion score and oocysts score (P < 0.05) in experimental groups than control groups. The results and concepts presented in this research can lead to discovering novel nucleic acid therapeutic drugs for Eimeriasis and other parasitic infections, which provide insights into the development of species-specific anti-parasitic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yige Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guangwen Yin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gottardo Balestrin PW, Balestrin E, Santiani F, Biezus G, Moraes JC, da Silva Casa M, Vicente Medeiros AL, Casagrande RA. Prevalence of Eimeria sp. in Broiler Poultry Houses with Positive and Negative Pressure Ventilation Systems in Southern Brazil. Avian Dis 2021; 65:469-473. [PMID: 34699145 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an enteric disease caused by protozoa of the Eimeria genus and is of great economic relevance in industrial aviculture. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of Eimeria sp. in broiler poultry houses with positive (System 1) and negative (System 2) pressure ventilation and assess the associated factors. A transversal study was conducted using 8 random broiler chickens from 64 houses (n = 512) and macroscopic and histologic evaluation of the intestines, as well as PCR for Eimeria sp. The prevalence of Eimeria sp. was 90.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 97.8-83.5), with 93.8% (95% CI: 100-85.4) in System 1 and 87.5% (95% CI: 99.0-76.0) in System 2. The most prevalent species was Eimeria acervulina, and the most common combination was Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella. System 2 and the negative Eimeria subgroup showed the best results for feed conversion and daily weight gain. By evaluating litter treatment, we found that quicklime reduced the risk of presence of Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. In conclusion, Eimeria sp. had a high prevalence in both systems, with a predominance of mixed infections. System 2 and negative flocks showed the best zootechnical results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eder Balestrin
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Avenida Farroupilha, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 92425-900
| | - Fábio Santiani
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Avenida Luís de Camões, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88520-000
| | - Giovana Biezus
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Avenida Luís de Camões, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88520-000
| | - Julio Cezar Moraes
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Avenida Luís de Camões, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88520-000
| | - Mariana da Silva Casa
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Avenida Luís de Camões, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88520-000
| | | | - Renata Assis Casagrande
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Avenida Luís de Camões, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 88520-000,
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mustafa A, Bai S, Zeng Q, Ding X, Wang J, Xuan Y, Su Z, Zhang K. Effect of organic acids on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immunity of broiler chickens with and without coccidial challenge. AMB Express 2021; 11:140. [PMID: 34669066 PMCID: PMC8528927 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 360-day-old broiler chicks were allocated into six groups in 2 (Coccidial challenge or not) × 3 (dietary treatments) factorial design. Three dietary treatments including: basic diet, basic diet plus organic acids (OAs) in drinking water, and basic diet plus OAs in the feed with and without coccidial challenge. The OAs in water or feed improved (P < 0.01) average body weight (ABW), average body weight gain (ABWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control diet during starter, grower, and whole experimental period. Coccidial challenge decreased BW, ABWG, and average feed intake (AFI), as well as resulted in poor FCR during the starter and whole experimental period (P < 0.05). Though there was no interaction between OAs supplementation and coccidial challenge, the OAs supplementation improved the overall performance with and without coccidial challenge birds on 21 d and 35 d. IgG was found higher (P = 0.03) in broilers fed OAs in feed without the coccidial challenge group. On 18 d, OAs supplementation in feed increased TNF-γ (P = 0.006), whereas the coccidial challenge decreases TNF-γ (P = 0.01) and IL-10 (P = < .0001), and increases IgM (P = 0.03), IgG (P = 0.04) and IgA (P = 0.02). On 29 d, the coccidial challenge increases IgM and IgA. On 18 d, jejunal lesion score was found significantly higher in the coccidial challenged group as compared to OAs supplementation with coccidial challenged groups on 18 d (P < 0.0001) and 29 d (P = 0.03). Crypt depth was higher, and Villus-height to Crypt depth ratio was lower in the coccidial challenge group on 18 and 29 d. The Goblet cells were found higher in the non-coccidial challenge on 18 d. After 18 d, 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis of ileal chyme has shown that coccidial challenge decreases Lactobacillus_reuteri species as compared to the non-challenged group (P = 0.02). After 29, Cyanobacteria abundance reduced (P = 0.014) in the challenged group than the non-challenged group at the phylum level. At the genus level, Lactobacillus (P = 0.036) and unidentified Cyanobacteria (P = 0.01) were found higher in the non-challenged group than the coccidial challenge group. The results indicate that the OAs supplementation showed improved responses in a pattern similar to the non-challenged control group by neutralizing the negative effects of the coccidial challenge.
Collapse
|
48
|
Attree E, Sanchez-Arsuaga G, Jones M, Xia D, Marugan-Hernandez V, Blake D, Tomley F. Controlling the causative agents of coccidiosis in domestic chickens; an eye on the past and considerations for the future. CABI AGRICULTURE AND BIOSCIENCE 2021; 2:37. [PMID: 34604790 PMCID: PMC8475900 DOI: 10.1186/s43170-021-00056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a potentially severe enteritis caused by species of obligate intracellular parasites of the genus Eimeria. These parasites cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry, predominantly due to compromised efficiency of production as well as the cost of control. These losses were recently estimated to cost chicken producers approximately £10.4 billion worldwide annually. High levels of Eimeria infection cause clinical coccidiosis which is a significant threat to poultry welfare, and a pre-disposing contributory factor for necrotic enteritis. Control of Eimeria parasites and coccidiosis is therefore an important endeavour; multiple approaches have been developed and these are often deployed together. This review summarises current trends in strategies for control of Eimeria, focusing on three main areas: good husbandry, chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. There is currently no "perfect solution" and there are advantages and limitations to all existing methods. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present current control strategies and suggest how these may develop in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Attree
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Sanchez-Arsuaga
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Jones
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Xia
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Marugan-Hernandez
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Damer Blake
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Tomley
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- UKRI GCRF One Health Poultry Hub, Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pham HHS, Matsubayashi M, Tsuji N, Hatabu T. Relationship between Eimeria tenella associated-early clinical signs and molecular changes in the intestinal barrier function. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 240:110321. [PMID: 34520968 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major clinical signs of coccidiosis in chickens due to Eimeria parasite are diarrhea and bloody feces. Previous studies showed that the impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier and the elevation of the intestinal permeability are causes of clinical signs associated with coccidia challenges. Nevertheless, the information about molecular changes of the epithelial barrier at the early stage of the infection with a specific Eimeria species has not been mentioned. Hence, this study aims to elucidate the temporal relationships between epithelial barrier conditions and clinical signs in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella over the time from the earliest stages of infection. White Leghorn chickens were inoculated with 1 × 104 oocysts of E. tenella. Thereafter the chickens were monitored for their daily clinical signs through observation, and between 5 dpi to 10 dpi, feces were collected for oocysts counting. Chickens were then administrated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) for gastrointestinal permeability test and tissues were collected each day for histopathological observation and total RNA extraction. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of the tight and adherens junction genes and cytokine genes were evaluated using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In this study, clinical signs such as diarrhea and bloody feces were observed concurrently from 3 to 8 dpi. Histopathology changes such as severe inflammation, hemorrhage, and epithelial desquamation were identified in the cecum specimens. The FITC-d level in the E. tenella-infected group was significantly higher than in the control group. In the infected group, the expression of claudin-2 gene was also upregulated, whereas the expressions of claudin-3 and E-cadherin genes were decreased as compared to the control group. These results implied that clinical signs of avian coccidiosis were associated with the intestinal barrier disruption via changes in expression levels of claudins and E-cadherin at the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Hoang Son Pham
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang Y, Memon F, Hao K, Jiang M, Guo L, Liu T, Lv F, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Si H. The combined use of Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic and anticoccidial herb had a better anti-Eimeria tenella efficiency. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|