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Sherf-Dagan S, Refaeli R, Buch A. Phenotyping of Obesity Treatment Candidates: A Narrative Review. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:564-573. [PMID: 38874701 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores characterizing candidates for obesity treatments including pharmacotherapy, endoscopic bariatric therapies, and metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), focusing on established clinical parameters for diagnosing obesity beyond body mass index alone. RECENT FINDINGS Existing literature primarily provides rates for fat mass percentage (i.e., a marker for adiposity quantity), waist circumference (i.e., a marker for adiposity distribution), and C-reactive protein levels (i.e., a marker for adiposity functionality) among obesity treatment candidates. Limited data on abnormal values and sex-based differentiation exist. The literature indicates high central-tendency measures for fat mass percentage and waist circumference, while C-reactive protein levels vary. Data on the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (i.e., a marker for adiposity-related disease severity) is predominantly available for MBS candidates. Future studies in obesity interventions should improve screening and diagnosis of obesity by incorporating sex-specific considerations and providing abnormal value rates for measurements to enhance understanding of patients' characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Sherf-Dagan
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat H'mada 3, Ariel, Israel.
- Department of Nutrition, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Rotem Refaeli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat H'mada 3, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Nutrition, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Assaf Buch
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Kiryat H'mada 3, Ariel, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ali S, Khan OS, Youssef AM, Saba I, Alqahtani L, Alduhaim RA, Almesned R. Predicting COVID-19 outcomes with the Edmonton Obesity Staging System. Ann Saudi Med 2024; 44:116-125. [PMID: 38615185 PMCID: PMC11016153 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2024.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have demonstrated a correlation between a high body mass index and discriminatory COVID-19 outcomes. Studies appear to indicate that there is a correlation between obesity-related comorbidities and less favorable outcomes. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of the current investigation is to conduct a thorough assessment of the correlation between BMI and comorbidities associated with obesity, and their potential impact on the severity and consequences of COVID-19 infection among patients receiving care in a tertiary healthcare setting. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTINGS Tertiary rehabilitation center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included all individuals who received medical treatment and tested positive for COVID-19 by means of RT-PCR during the period from March to September 2020. COVID-19 patients were classified using Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES COVID-19-related complications, including pneumonia and cytokine release syndrome, as well as the time length to COVID-19 negativization. SAMPLE SIZE 315 patients. RESULTS The median (25th-75th percentiles) age of the patients was 38 (31.5-49) years old. Males outnumbered females, and 66% of patients were non-Saudis. Forty-eight patients (15.2%) had obesity class I, whereas 13 patients (4.1%) had class II. Thirty-two patients (10.2%) were classified as EOSS stage 1, 105 patients (33.3%) were classified as EOSS stage 2, and 25 patients (7.9%) were assigned to EOSS stage 3. Males predominated in EOSS stages 1 and 2, whereas females predominated in stage 3. In EOSS stage 3, 52% of cases had moderate severity and 48% had severe illness. CONCLUSIONS EOSS distinguishes the COVID-19 risks of poor outcomes beyond BMI. Patients who were overweight or obese but remained in the stage 1 of the EOSS had a lower risk of a poor COVID-19 outome than normal-weight patients. The health status of obese patients is a more precise indicator of the progression of COVID-19 during hospitalization than BMI alone. LIMITATIONS Given the limited capacity of urgent care facilities to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of comorbidities and other relevant outcomes in all patients, it is plausible that certain patients may have been erroneously classified with an EOSS stage 2 diagnosis, when in fact they ought to have been assigned a stage 3 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ali
- From the Infectious Diseases Department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Sufyan Khan
- From the Infectious Diseases Department, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Youssef
- From the Research and Scientific Center, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iram Saba
- From the Research and Scientific Center, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Alqahtani
- From the College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
| | | | - Renad Almesned
- From the College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
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Sisay BG, Jima BR, Hassen HY. Association between long-term weight loss and obesity-related complications defined by Edmonton obesity staging system: analysis from the NHANES (2011-2018). Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:43-47. [PMID: 37715006 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE A successful Long-Term Weight Loss (LTWL) is associated with a more favorable metabolic disease risk profile. However, evidence is limited on the association of LTWL with obesity-related complications defined by Edmonton obesity staging system (EOSS). Hence, our study aims to assess the association between LTWL thresholds and obesity-related complications defined by EOSS among the adult US population. SUBJECTS/METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. Adults 18 years or older with overweight/obesity and long-term weight loss were included in the analysis. The association between long-term weight loss and obesity-related complications defined by EOSS was investigated. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed by adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS A total of 22,223 adults were included in the analysis. Overall, 61.8% of participants had long-term weight loss of <5%, and 4.8% of participants had successful long-term weight loss of 20% or greater. The highest long-term weight loss threshold ( ≥ 20%) had the lowest odds of EOSS stage ≥ 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60; 95% CI:0.50, 0.72; p < 0.001). The lowest LTWL threshold (5-9.9%) was relatively associated with lower odds for EOSS stage ≥ 2 [OR = 0.69 95% CI: 0.61, 0.78, p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS The LTWL categories were significantly associated with lower odds of EOSS stage ≥ 2 compared to EOSS 0 or 1. Future longitudinal research assessing the association between LTWL and EOSS components is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Girma Sisay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Beshada Rago Jima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hamid Yimam Hassen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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English S, Vallis M. Moving beyond eat less, move more using willpower: Reframing obesity as a chronic disease impact of the 2020 Canadian obesity guidelines reframed narrative on perceptions of self and the patient-provider relationship. Clin Obes 2023; 13:e12615. [PMID: 37518832 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is becoming recognized as a complex, chronic medical condition. However, the dominant treatment narrative remains that goal weight can be achieved by eating less, moving more using willpower, placing responsibility for change on the person with obesity (PwO). This study evaluated the impact of revising this narrative, to viewing obesity as a treatable medical condition, on internalized weight bias and perceived patient-provider relationship. PwO were recruited into an online study in which two videos were presented; the first showing a traditional doctor endorsing the eat less, move more approach, and the second showing a doctor describing obesity as a treatable medical condition. After each video participants were asked to imagine that they were being treated by that doctor and completed the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS) and the Patient-Health Care Provider Communication Scale (PHCPCS). A total of 61 PwO (52% response rate) completed the protocol. Compared to the traditional narrative video, the revised narrative video resulted in significant reductions in WBIS scores and significant increases in the PHCPCS scores and was preferred by participants. Within the context of this small-scale study evidence supports that the revised narrative promoting obesity as a complex, chronic but treatable medical condition that is not the result of personal failure has a positive impact on the perceived patient-provider relationship and is associated with reductions in internalized weight bias. This evidence supports the need to help PwO reframe obesity from a personal failure to a legitimate medical condition worthy of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara English
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Kalra S, Kapoor N, Verma M, Shaikh S, Das S, Jacob J, Sahay R. Defining and Diagnosing Obesity in India: A Call for Advocacy and Action. J Obes 2023; 2023:4178121. [PMID: 38026823 PMCID: PMC10645500 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4178121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has more than doubled since 1980, and it is predicted that around two-thirds of the global burden of the disease will be attributed to chronic non-communicable diseases. Developing countries are experiencing a more dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity in recent years. As per National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), one in every four Indians is now having obesity. It has been reported that being overweight and obese is a significant problem among different socioeconomic spectrums of men and women in India, especially among the elderly, people residing in urban regions, and diverse socioeconomic strata. There is an urgent need to identify obesity as a chronic disease requiring immediate attention, mandating timely screening, timely treatment, and economical ways of achieving and managing weight loss across the country. In this review, the authors have discussed various aspects of overweight and obesity and critically appraised the current status of obesity in India, its public health implications, the significance of screening, the role of BMI and other parameters in diagnosing obesity, and the need for treatment and cost-effective prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Community/Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Shehla Shaikh
- Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sambit Das
- Department of Endocrinology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jubbin Jacob
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Anderson LN, Alvarez E, Incze T, Tarride JE, Kwan M, Mbuagbaw L. Motivational interviewing to promote healthy behaviors for obesity prevention in young adults (MOTIVATE): a pilot randomized controlled trial protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:156. [PMID: 37679845 PMCID: PMC10483727 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a chronic disease and is an established risk factor for other chronic diseases and mortality. Young adulthood is a period when people may be highly amenable to healthy behavior change, develop lifelong healthy behaviors, and when primary prevention of obesity may be feasible. Interventions in early adulthood have the potential for primary or primordial prevention (i.e., preventing risk factors before disease onset). The primary objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of a 6-month behavioral and educational intervention to promote healthy behaviors for obesity prevention among young adults. METHODS This is the study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Young adults (age 18-29) attending McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, will be recruited and randomized to either the intervention or control. The intervention will include individual motivational interviewing sessions (online or in-person) with a trained interviewer plus educational materials (based on Canada's food guide and physical activity recommendations). The control group will receive educational materials only. The primary feasibility outcomes that will be evaluated as part of this pilot study include enrollment, retention (≥ 80%), data completion (≥ 80% of weights measured, and surveys completed), and participant satisfaction. Secondary clinical outcomes will include body mass index (BMI) change from baseline to 6 months, physical activity, nutrition risk, health-related quality of life mental health, and economic outcomes. Outcomes will be measured remotely using activity trackers, and online questionnaires at baseline and every 2 months. Risk stratification will be applied at baseline to identify participants at high risk of obesity (e.g., due to family or personal history). Exit questionnaires will collect data on how participants felt about the study and cost analysis will be conducted. DISCUSSION Our pilot randomized controlled trial will evaluate the feasibility of an obesity prevention intervention in early adulthood and will inform future larger studies for obesity prevention. The results of this study have the potential to directly contribute to the primary prevention of several types of cancer by testing an intervention that could be scalable to public health, post-secondary education, or primary care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05264740 . Registered on March 3, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Center for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Alvarez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Center for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Incze
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Tarride
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Center for Health Economics and Policy Analysis (CHEPA), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH), The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Matthew Kwan
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Dobbie LJ, Coelho C, Crane J, McGowan B. Clinical evaluation of patients living with obesity. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1273-1285. [PMID: 37119384 PMCID: PMC10412477 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant public health concern which is implicated in cardiometabolic disease, mechanical complications and psychiatric sequelae. BMI is currently used for diagnosis; however, it has limited sensitivity for adiposity in certain circumstances. This has led to the development of risk stratification tools like the Edmonton Staging criteria and the Kings Obesity Staging Criteria: these facilitate and guide comprehensive obesity-related complication assessment. Healthcare professionals working within obesity clinics should adopt evidence-based communication strategies, including shared decision-making, motivational interviewing, and realistic goal setting. It is also vital to avoid weight-stigmatising terminology in all aspects of care, as this can negatively impact patients. Primary care plays an essential part in obesity care and should work to promptly identify cases, initiate treatment and forward on to specialist services where appropriate. Clinical evaluation of the patient living with obesity should take a holistic approach and involve input from bariatric physicians, dietitians, psychologists, and bariatric surgeons, wider members of the multi-disciplinary team should be involved where needed. Clinicians should take a detailed history, examination and order laboratory tests to investigate for complications. Overall, with appropriate evaluation, these assessments can guide patient management and facilitate long-term improvement in health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Crane
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Quinto G, Bettini S, Neunhaeuserer D, Battista F, Milan G, Gasperetti A, Vecchiato M, Vettor R, Ermolao A, Busetto L. Down-staging of obesity one year after bariatric surgery: a new proposal of Edmonton obesity staging system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1147171. [PMID: 37547310 PMCID: PMC10401593 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1147171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different approaches are used to classify obesity severity. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) considers medical, physical and psychological parameters. A new modified EOSS with a different functional evaluation method, measuring Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF), has been recently proposed, EOSS-CRF. Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the most efficient treatments of obesity and all aspect of related disorders. No studies have yet applied EOSS-CRF after BS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate modifications in EOSS and EOSS-CRF before and after BS. Methods This observational study finally enrolled 72 patients affected by obesity. A multi-disciplinary assessment in order to evaluate eligibility to surgical treatment has been performed, including anamnesis, physical evaluation, anthropometric data measurement, biochemical blood exams and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. One year after BS the same protocol was applied. Patients have been classified according to EOSS and EOSS-CRF before and one year after BS. Results After BS, patients categorized in classes associated to severe obesity (EOSS ≥ 2 or EOSS-CRF ≥ 2) reduced significantly. Using EOSS, patients without functional impairment were 61% before surgery and 69% after BS (p=0.383). Using EOSS-CRF, patients considered without functional impairment were only 9.7% before BS; this percentage significantly raised to 50% after BS (p<0.001). The impact of functional domains before and after BS is different in grading patients in EOSS and EOSS-CRF, respectively. Conclusions Improvements obtained after BS are adequately summarized by EOSS and EOSS-CRF. The EOSS-CRF grading method for functional impairment seems to better reflect the known amelioration obtained after BS. Objective measurements of CRF may provide additional value to classify severity of obesity, also in the follow-up after BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Quinto
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Department of Medicine, Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Daniel Neunhaeuserer
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Department of Medicine, Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Andrea Gasperetti
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, University of Padova, Veneto Region, Italy
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Cordeiro A, Luna M, Pereira SE, Saboya CJ, Ramalho A. Impairment of Vitamin D Nutritional Status and Metabolic Profile Are Associated with Worsening of Obesity According to the Edmonton Obesity Staging System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314705. [PMID: 36499033 PMCID: PMC9737556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a higher risk of Vitamin D (VD) inadequacy and metabolic diseases. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) is an innovative tool for the evaluation of obesity that goes beyond body weight and considers clinic, functional and menta- health issues. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of VD according to the stages of EOSS and its relationship with the metabolic profile. In the cross-sectional study, we evaluated anthropometric parameters, physical activity, blood pressure, biochemical and metabolic variables, and VD nutritional status. A total of 226 individuals were categorized using EOSS: 1.3%, 22.1%, 62.9%, and 13.7% were in stages 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Regarding the metabolic changes and comorbidities, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia were diagnosed in some individuals in EOSS 1, 2, and 3. EOSS 2 and 3 presented a significant relative-risk for the development of arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and liver disease, compared with EOSS 0. In all stages, there were observed means of 25(OH)D serum concentrations below 30 ng/mL (EOSS 0 24.9 ± 3.3 ng/mL; EOSS 3 15.9 ± 5.4 ng/mL; p = 0.031), and 25(OH)D deficiency was present in all stages. Individuals with obesity classified in more advanced stages of EOSS had lower serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and a worse metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adryana Cordeiro
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Department of Social Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariana Luna
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Department of Social Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Silvia Elaine Pereira
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Department of Social Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Saboya
- Multidisciplinary Center of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Carlos Saboya, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Department of Social Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
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Čolak D, Cmok Kučič A, Pintar T, Gašperšič R. Periodontal Therapy in Bariatric Surgery Patients with Periodontitis: Randomized Control Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226837. [PMID: 36431314 PMCID: PMC9693218 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bariatric surgery (BS) patients may experience the progression of periodontitis during recovery. We aimed to determine whether non-surgical periodontal therapy before BS improves the periodontal and systemic health parameters after the surgery. Methods: BS candidates with periodontitis were randomized into the test (TG) and control group (CG). One month before BS (pre-BS), patients in the TG (n = 15) received non-surgical periodontal therapy, while patients in the CG (n = 15) received only mechanical plaque removal. Patients were re-examined 3 and 6 months after BS. Differences between the TG and CG in clinical periodontal parameters, systemic health-related serum biomarkers, parameters of obesity, and prevalence of obesity-related diseases were evaluated. Results: From the 30 included patients, 26 were re-examined at 3 months and 20 patients at 6 months. Periodontal parameters bleeding on probing (p = 0.015), periodontal pocket dept (PPD, p = 0.0015), % PPD > 4 mm (p < 0.001), and full-mouth plaque levels (p = 0.002) were lower in the TG than in the CG at 6 months after BS. There is a general improvement in systemic health after BS without significant differences (p > 0.05) between the TG and CG at the 6-month follow-up. The TG shows a tendency for improvement in metabolic syndrome components at the 6-month follow-up compared to pre-BS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Non-surgical periodontal therapy in periodontitis patients before the BS may improve periodontal health 3 and 6 months after the surgery. The possible benefits of periodontal therapy on the overall health of BS patients should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejana Čolak
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Alja Cmok Kučič
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Pintar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Gašperšič
- Department of Oral Diseases and Periodontology, Dental Clinic, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Obesity and Bariatric Surgery in Australia: Future Projection of Supply and Demand, and Costs. Obes Surg 2022; 32:3013-3022. [PMID: 35804237 PMCID: PMC9392713 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of obesity is increasing in developed countries, including Australia. There is evidence that bariatric surgery is effective in losing weight and reducing risk of chronic diseases. However, access to bariatric surgery remains limited in the public health sector. Method We modelled population-based estimates of the likely numbers of people eligible for bariatric surgery in Australia using the recent Australian New Zealand Metabolic and Obesity Surgery Society (ANZMOSS) framework and estimated the potential costs that would be incurred from primary and subsequent reoperations in both public and private sector. Results The annual number of newly eligible patients is expected to rise, and hence the gap in demand is increasing relative to current baseline supply. If a 5-year program to treat all currently eligible patients was implemented, the maximum yearly demand is projected to be 341,343 primary surgeries, more than eight times the existing capacity of public and private sector, which can only offer 41,534 surgeries/year. A nine-fold increase is expected if we treat currently eligible patients over a 5-year program and all newly eligible patients as they occur each year. Conclusion Our results highlighted the currently highly skewed distribution of bariatric surgeries between the private and public sectors. Improving access would bring substantial benefits to many Australians, given the demonstrated cost-effectiveness and cost savings. This requires a major increase in resourcing for publicly-funded access to bariatric surgery in the first instance. A national review of priorities and resourcing for all modes of obesity treatment is required in Australia. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11695-022-06188-5.
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12
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Obesity: The Fat Tissue Disease Version of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121872. [PMID: 35741001 PMCID: PMC9221301 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease with high potential for fatality. It perfectly fits the disease definition, as cancer does. This is because it damages body structure and functions, both mechanically and biologically, and alters physical, mental, and social health. In addition, it shares many common morbid characteristics with the most feared disease, cancer. For example, it is influenced by a sophisticated interaction between a person’s genetics, the environment, and an increasing number of other backgrounds. Furthermore, it displays abnormal cell growth and proliferation events, only limited to white fat, resulting in adipose tissue taking up an increasing amount of space within the body. This occurs through fat “metastases” and via altered signaling that further aggravates the pathology of obesity by inducing ubiquitous dishomeostasis. These metastases can be made graver by angiogenesis, which might boost diseased tissue growth. More common features with cancer include its progressive escalation through different levels of severity and its possibility of re-onset after recovery. Despite all these similarities with cancer, obesity is substantially less agitating for most people. Thus, the ideas proposed herein could have utility to sensitize the public opinion about the hard reality of obesity. This is increasingly needed, as the obesity pandemic has waged a fierce war against our bodies and society in general, while there is still doubt about whether it is a real disease or not. Hence, raising public consciousness to properly face health issues is crucial to improving our health instead of gaining weight unhealthily. It is obviously illogical to fight cancer extremely seriously on the one hand and to consider dying with obesity as self-inflicted on the other. In fact, obesity merits a top position among the most lethal diseases besides cancer.
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Tsoulis MW, Garcia VL, Hou W, Arcan C, Miller JD. Comparing body mass index and obesity-related comorbidities as predictors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clin Obes 2022; 12:e12514. [PMID: 35194933 PMCID: PMC9111682 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association between body mass index (BMI) and poor COVID-19 outcomes in patients has been demonstrated across numerous studies. However, obesity-related comorbidities have also been shown to be associated with poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether BMI or obesity-associated comorbidities contribute to elevated COVID-19 severity in non-elderly, hospitalized patients with elevated BMI (≥25 kg/m2 ). This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 526 hospitalized, non-elderly adult (aged 18-64) COVID-19 patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 in suburban New York from March 6 to May 11, 2020. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) was used to quantify the severity of obesity-related comorbidities. EOSS was compared with BMI in multivariable regression analyses to predict COVID-19 outcomes. We found that higher EOSS scores were associated with poor outcomes after demographic adjustment, unlike BMI. Specifically, patients with increased EOSS scores had increased odds of acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.40; 95% CI 3.71-11.05), intensive care unit admission (aOR = 10.71; 95% CI 3.23-35.51), mechanical ventilation (aOR = 3.10; 95% CI 2.01-4.78) and mortality (aOR = 5.05; 95% CI 1.83-13.90). Obesity-related comorbidity burden as determined by EOSS was a better predictor of poor COVID-19 outcomes relative to BMI, suggesting that comorbidity burden may be driving risk in those hospitalized with elevated BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Tsoulis
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Victor L. Garcia
- Department of PathologyDivision of Bioinformatics at Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of FamilyPopulation and Preventive Medicine at Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Chrisa Arcan
- Department of Family Medicine and Population HealthVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Joshua D. Miller
- Department of MedicineDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
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Killeen SL, Yelverton CA, Geraghty AA, Kennelly MA, Eakins S, Farrell L, Fagan JF, Mehegan J, McAuliffe FM. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System and pregnancy outcomes in women with overweight or obesity: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Clin Obes 2022; 12:e12510. [PMID: 35201671 PMCID: PMC9286690 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) is a proposed clinical practice tool to determine obesity severity. In a secondary analysis of the Pregnancy Exercise and Research Study (PEARS) (a mobile-health-supported lifestyle intervention among pregnant women with body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2 ), we apply the EOSS and explore relationships with pregnancy outcomes. In early (14-16 weeks) and late (28 weeks) pregnancy, fasting lipids and glucose were measured, blood pressure was extracted from medical records and maternal well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 Well-being Index. Pearson's correlations, chi-square statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to identify relationships. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare groups. Pregnant women (n = 348) were mean (SD) age 32.44 (4.39) years and median (interquartile range) BMI 28.0 (26.57, 29.88) kg/m2 . Using metabolic criteria only, 81.9% and 98.9% had raised EOSS scores in early and late pregnancy. From early to late pregnancy, EOSS scores increased by 60.1%. Of these, 10.5% experienced a 2-point increase, moving from stage 0 to stage 2. There was a potential relationship between early EOSS and large for gestational age (χ2 = 6.42, df (2), p = .04), although significance was lost when controlled for confounders (p = .223) and multiple testing. Most women with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had raised EOSS scores, limiting the clinical utility of the tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Killeen
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, National Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Cara A. Yelverton
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, National Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Aisling A. Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, National Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Maria A. Kennelly
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, National Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Shane Eakins
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, National Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Lily Farrell
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, National Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Jillian F. Fagan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, National Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
| | - John Mehegan
- HRB Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity College Dublin, National Maternity HospitalDublinIreland
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Killeen SL, Byrne DF, Geraghty AA, Kilbane MT, Twomey PJ, McKenna MJ, Yelverton CA, Saldova R, Van Sinderen D, Cotter PD, Murphy EF, McAuliffe FM. Higher inflammation is associated with cardiometabolic phenotype and biochemical health in women with obesity. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022; 78:177-182. [PMID: 35306495 PMCID: PMC9533462 DOI: 10.1159/000522564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
Metabolic or inflammatory markers may predict adverse outcomes in women with obesity. We sought to describe metabolic-obesity phenotypes of women using novel staging tools and investigate relationships with inflammation.
Methods
In a cross-sectional study, we collected fasting blood samples from sixty-four females with body mass index (BMI) ≥28kg/m2. Participants were classified as metabolically healthy (MHO) or unhealthy (MUO) using the Cardiometabolic Disease Staging System (CMDS) and Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS). Data was analyzed using independent sample t-tests, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple logistic regression.
Results
Mean (SD) age was 40.2 (9.3) years with median (IQR) BMI 31.8 (30.3-35.7) kg/m2. The prevalence of MUO was 46.9% and 81.3% using CMDS and EOSS criteria respectively. Women with raised CMDS scores had higher C3 (1.34 (0.20) vs 1.18 (0.15), p =.001) and CRP (2.89 (1.31-7.61) vs. 1.39 (0.74-3.60), p=.034). C3 correlated with insulin (r =0.52), hemoglobin A1c (r=0.37), and C-peptide (r=0.58), all p<.05. C3 above the median (>1.23 g/L) increased odds of raised CMDS score, when controlled for age, BMI, ethnicity, and smoking (β=7.1, 95%CI 1.78, 28.4, p=.005).
Conclusion
The prevalence of MUO was lower using CMDS than EOSS. C3 and CRP may be useful clinical biomarkers of risk or treatment targets in women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Killeen
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,
| | - David F Byrne
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling A Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark T Kilbane
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Twomey
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malachi J McKenna
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara A Yelverton
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research, and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douwe Van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eileen F Murphy
- PrecisionBiotics Group Ltd., Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Kodsi R, Chimoriya R, Medveczky D, Grudzinskas K, Atlantis E, Tahrani AA, Kormas N, Piya MK. Clinical Use of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System for the Assessment of Weight Management Outcomes in People with Class 3 Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:967. [PMID: 35267942 PMCID: PMC8912843 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess weight loss and metabolic outcomes by severity of weight-related complications following an intensive non-surgical weight management program (WMP) in an Australian public hospital. A retrospective cohort study of all patients aged ≥18 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 enrolled in the WMP during March 2018−March 2019 with 12-month follow-up information were stratified using the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS). Of 178 patients enrolled in the WMP, 112 (62.9%) completed at least 12 months’ treatment. Most patients (96.6%) met EOSS-2 (56.7%) or EOSS-3 (39.9%) criteria for analysis. Both groups lost significant weight from baseline to 12 months; EOSS-2: 139.4 ± 31.8 kg vs. 131.8 ± 31.8 kg (p < 0.001) and EOSS-3: 141.4 ± 24.2 kg vs. 129.8 ± 24.3 kg (p < 0.001). After adjusting for baseline age, sex and employment status, mean weight loss was similar but a greater proportion of EOSS-3 achieved >10% weight loss compared to EOSS-2, (40% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.024). Changes in metabolic parameters including HbA1c, BP and lipids did not differ between EOSS-2 and 3. Despite increased clinical severity, adult patients with class 3 obesity achieved clinically meaningful weight loss and similar improvements in metabolic parameters compared to patients with less severe complications after 12 months in an intensive non-surgical WMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kodsi
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program (SWS MRBP), Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (R.K.); (K.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Ritesh Chimoriya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (D.M.)
| | - David Medveczky
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (D.M.)
| | - Kathy Grudzinskas
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program (SWS MRBP), Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (R.K.); (K.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Evan Atlantis
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia;
- Discipline of Medicine, Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Nepean, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Abd A. Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nic Kormas
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program (SWS MRBP), Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (R.K.); (K.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Milan K. Piya
- South Western Sydney Metabolic Rehabilitation and Bariatric Program (SWS MRBP), Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (R.K.); (K.G.); (N.K.)
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (D.M.)
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Breen C, O'Connell J, Geoghegan J, O'Shea D, Birney S, Tully L, Gaynor K, O'Kelly M, O'Malley G, O'Donovan C, Lyons O, Flynn M, Allen S, Arthurs N, Browne S, Byrne M, Callaghan S, Collins C, Courtney A, Crotty M, Donohue C, Donovan C, Dunlevy C, Duggan D, Fearon N, Finucane F, Fitzgerald I, Foy S, Garvey J, Gibson I, Glynn L, Gregg E, Griffin A, Harrington JM, Heary C, Heneghan H, Hogan A, Hynes M, Kearney C, Kelly D, Neff K, le Roux CW, Manning S, McAuliffe F, Moore S, Moran N, Murphy M, Murrin C, O'Brien SM, O'Donnell C, O'Dwyer S, O'Grada C, O'Malley E, O'Reilly O, O'Reilly S, Porter O, Roche HM, Rhynehart A, Ryan L, Seery S, Soare C, Shaamile F, Walsh A, Woods C, Woods C, Yoder R. Obesity in Adults: A 2022 Adapted Clinical Practice Guideline for Ireland. Obes Facts 2022; 15:736-752. [PMID: 36279848 PMCID: PMC9801383 DOI: 10.1159/000527131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the management of obesity in adults in Ireland, adapted from the Canadian CPG, defines obesity as a complex chronic disease characterised by excess or dysfunctional adiposity that impairs health. The guideline reflects substantial advances in the understanding of the determinants, pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of obesity. SUMMARY It shifts the focus of obesity management toward improving patient-centred health outcomes, functional outcomes, and social and economic participation, rather than weight loss alone. It gives recommendations for care that are underpinned by evidence-based principles of chronic disease management; validate patients' lived experiences; move beyond simplistic approaches of "eat less, move more" and address the root drivers of obesity. KEY MESSAGES People living with obesity face substantial bias and stigma, which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality independent of body weight. Education is needed for all healthcare professionals in Ireland to address the gap in skills, increase knowledge of evidence-based practice, and eliminate bias and stigma in healthcare settings. We call for people living with obesity in Ireland to have access to evidence-informed care, including medical, medical nutrition therapy, physical activity and physical rehabilitation interventions, psychological interventions, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. This can be best achieved by resourcing and fully implementing the Model of Care for the Management of Adult Overweight and Obesity. To address health inequalities, we also call for the inclusion of obesity in the Structured Chronic Disease Management Programme and for pharmacotherapy reimbursement, to ensure equal access to treatment based on health-need rather than ability to pay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Breen
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
- *Cathy Breen,
| | - Jean O'Connell
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin Geoghegan
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
- National Clinical Programme for Obesity, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susie Birney
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Coalition for People Living with Obesity, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Tully
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Gaynor
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- National Clinical Programme for Obesity, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark O'Kelly
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Malley
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare O'Donovan
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oonagh Lyons
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Flynn
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Niamh Arthurs
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Browne
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Molly Byrne
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shauna Callaghan
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris Collins
- Bariatric Medicine Service, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Courtney
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Caroline Donovan
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Dunlevy
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid Duggan
- Metabolic Surgery Service, Bons Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Naomi Fearon
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francis Finucane
- Bariatric Medicine Service, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Siobhan Foy
- Bariatric Medicine Service, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Garvey
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene Gibson
- Collaborative Doctoral Programme in Chronic Disease Prevention, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Glynn
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Edward Gregg
- School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Griffin
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Caroline Heary
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Helen Heneghan
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Hogan
- Obesity Immunology Research Group, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Mary Hynes
- Bariatric Medicine Service, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire Kearney
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dervla Kelly
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karl Neff
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
- Obesity Research and Care Group, School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carel W. le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Manning
- Department of Endocrinology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Susan Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maura Murphy
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Irish Coalition for People Living with Obesity, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Celine Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah M. O'Brien
- Office of National Clinical Advisor, Integrated Care Programme for Prevention and Management of Chronic Disease, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitríona O'Donnell
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Cara O'Grada
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer O'Malley
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sharleen O'Reilly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olivia Porter
- Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amanda Rhynehart
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leona Ryan
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Seery
- National Clinical Programme for Obesity, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Corina Soare
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ferrah Shaamile
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abigail Walsh
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Woods
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Conor Woods
- Department of Endocrinology, Naas General Hospital, Kildare, and Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth Yoder
- Level 3 and 4 Obesity Services, St Columcille's and St Vincent's University Hospitals, Dublin, Ireland
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Seifu CN, Fahey PP, Ahmed KY, Atlantis E. Is the Mediterranean Diet Pattern Associated with Weight Related Health Complications in Adults? A Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Health Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113905. [PMID: 34836161 PMCID: PMC8624026 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that unhealthy dietary pattern would be associated with weight related complications among overweight. We analysed data from the Australian Health Survey conducted from 2011 to 2013. A total of 5055 adults with at least overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) were analysed. We used logistic regression to assess the association between unhealthy dietary pattern, defined by low adherence to Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and weight related complications, defined by the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS). We repeated the logistic regression models by age and socio-economic disadvantage strata in sensitivity analyses. We also repeated the main analysis on a propensity score matched dataset (n = 3364). Complications by EOSS ≥2 was present in 3036 (60.1%) participants. There was no statistically significant association between unhealthy dietary pattern and weight related complication (odds ratio 0.98 (95%confidence interval: 0.85, 1.12)). The null association remained the same after repeating the analysis on three age and five socio-economic indexes for areas strata. The finding persisted after the analysis was repeated on a propensity score matched dataset. We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with weight related complications in this cross-sectional study of the Australian population with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canaan Negash Seifu
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Paul Patrick Fahey
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Kedir Yimam Ahmed
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Evan Atlantis
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Bettini S, Quinto G, Neunhaeuserer D, Battista F, Belligoli A, Milan G, Gasperetti A, Vettor R, Ermolao A, Busetto L. Edmonton Obesity Staging System: an improvement by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1949-1957. [PMID: 33990701 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Different approaches are used to classify obesity severity. Beyond classical anthropometric measurements, the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) considers medical, physical and psychological parameters. However, this method has some limitations, principally due to the absence of an objective measure for physical impairment. The aim of our study is thus to overcome this limitation suggesting a new functional parameter obtained by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), expressed as weight-adjusted peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak/kg). SUBJECTS/METHODS This observational cross-sectional study conducted on a population of 843 patients affected by obesity finally enrolled 500 subjects. Every patient underwent clinical, anthropometric, biochemical assessment and CPET. First, participants have been classified according to standard EOSS in five stages. Second, patients were reclassified according to the new modified EOSS (EOSS-CRF) based on their age- and gender-appropriate VO2peak/kg percentiles as reported in the healthy normal-weight population of the FRIEND registry. RESULTS VO2peak/kg was significantly different between standard EOSS classes 1 and 2 and classes 1 and 3 (ANCOVA p model = 0.004), whereas patients in classes 2 and 3 showed similar CRF. The EOSS-CRF classification varied in number of patients in each class compared to EOSS, particularly with a shift from class 2 to class 3. Moreover, CRF showed that physical impairment is less addressed by EOSS when compared to EOSS-CRF. CONCLUSIONS The integration of EOSS with CRF allowed us to assign to each patient a severity index that considers not only clinical parameters, but also their functional impairment through a quantitative and prognostically important parameter (VO2peak/kg). This improvement of the staging system may also provide a better approach to identify individuals at increased risk of mortality leading to targeted therapeutic management and prognostic risk stratification for patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bettini
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Quinto
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Daniel Neunhaeuserer
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Belligoli
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Gasperetti
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the Therapeutic Prescription of Exercise in Chronic Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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20
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Effect of an Antenatal Lifestyle Intervention on Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Associations with Maternal and Fetal Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of the PEARS Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082798. [PMID: 34444958 PMCID: PMC8399423 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of an antenatal lifestyle intervention of a low-glycaemic index (GI) diet and physical activity on energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DIITM) and explored its relationship with maternal and child health in women with overweight and obesity. This was a secondary analysis of 434 mother−child pairs from the Pregnancy Exercise and Nutrition Study (PEARS) trial in Dublin, Ireland. E-DIITM scores were calculated for early (10–16 weeks) and late (28 weeks) pregnancy. Outcomes included lipids, inflammation markers, insulin resistance, mode of delivery, infant size, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. T-tests were used to assess changes in E-DIITM. Chi-square, correlations, and multiple regression were employed to investigate relationships with outcomes. The mean (SD) age of participants was 32.45 (4.29) years with median (IQR) BMI 28.25 (26.70, 31.34) kg/m2. There was no change in E-DIITM in the controls (−0.14 (1.19) vs. −0.07 (1.09), p = 0.465) but E-DIITM reduced by 10% after the intervention (0.01 (1.07) vs −0.75 (1.05), p < 0.001). No associations were found between early pregnancy E-DIITM and maternal and child outcomes, except for increased odds of adverse cardiometabolic phenotype in women who delivered male (OR = 2.29, p = 0.010) but not female infants (OR = 0.99, p = 0.960). A low-GI antenatal intervention can reduce the inflammatory potential of diets. Sex differences should be explored further in future research.
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21
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Demidova TY, Krasil’nikova EI, Vorob’ev SV, Morugova TV, Adasheva TV. The use of drug based on technologically processed antibodies to endocannabinoid receptor type 1 in the treatment of obesity in adults: results of a multicenter double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:904-915. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Dietressa at a dose of 6 tablets per day for 24 weeks in the treatment of patients with Class 1 obesity. To compare the clinical efficacy of two treatment regimens (1 tablet 6 times per day and 2 tablets 3 times per day) for 24 weeks in the treatment of patients with Class 1 obesity.
Materials and methods. A clinical trial included 493 patients with Class 1 obesity from 18 to 65 years. The proportion of patients who lose greater than or equal to 5 percent of baseline body weight, an average decrease of body weight, a change in waist circumference, dynamics of the quality of life, and the safety of the therapy were assessed.
Results. A weight decrease was established among patients without regard to the studied regimens of Dietressa (in a daily dose of 6 tablets with a six- or three-time intake). The goals were achieved by 49% [53%] of patients in the first treatment regimen (statistically significant compared to placebo therapy: p=0.04) [р=0.018]), 48% (51%) in the second (p=0.004 [р=0.0004]) and 48% [52%] of patients in the combined Dietressa group (p=0.0007 [р0.0001]). The average absolute weight loss was -4.44.2 [-4.84.2] kg in the Dietressa-1 group (p=0.0001 [р0.0001]) and -4.44.4 [-4.74.4] kg in the Dietressa-2 group (p0.0001) [р0.0001]). Against the background of the conducted therapy mental component was improved on week 4 (p0.0001) and 24 (p=0.006) as well as parameter of physical health on week 4 (p=0,003) and 12 (p=0,006). Waist circumference significantly decreased every 4 weeks in patients receiving Dietressa (p0.0001 for three comparisons between weeks). A 6-month course of Dietressa therapy demonstrated a favorable safety profile. The frequency of adverse events had no significant differences between Dietressa and Placebo groups.
Conclusion. The monotherapy with Dietressa is safe, and it leads to at least 5 percent reduction in body weight during 24 weeks of therapy in patients with Class 1 obesity.
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22
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Wharton S, Lau DCW, Vallis M, Sharma AM, Biertho L, Campbell-Scherer D, Adamo K, Alberga A, Bell R, Boulé N, Boyling E, Brown J, Calam B, Clarke C, Crowshoe L, Divalentino D, Forhan M, Freedhoff Y, Gagner M, Glazer S, Grand C, Green M, Hahn M, Hawa R, Henderson R, Hong D, Hung P, Janssen I, Jacklin K, Johnson-Stoklossa C, Kemp A, Kirk S, Kuk J, Langlois MF, Lear S, McInnes A, Macklin D, Naji L, Manjoo P, Morin MP, Nerenberg K, Patton I, Pedersen S, Pereira L, Piccinini-Vallis H, Poddar M, Poirier P, Prud'homme D, Salas XR, Rueda-Clausen C, Russell-Mayhew S, Shiau J, Sherifali D, Sievenpiper J, Sockalingam S, Taylor V, Toth E, Twells L, Tytus R, Walji S, Walker L, Wicklum S. Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline. CMAJ 2021; 192:E875-E891. [PMID: 32753461 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.191707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Wharton
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
| | - David C W Lau
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Michael Vallis
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Arya M Sharma
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Denise Campbell-Scherer
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kristi Adamo
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Angela Alberga
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Rhonda Bell
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Normand Boulé
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Elaine Boyling
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jennifer Brown
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Betty Calam
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Carol Clarke
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Lindsay Crowshoe
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Dennis Divalentino
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Mary Forhan
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Yoni Freedhoff
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Michel Gagner
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Stephen Glazer
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Cindy Grand
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Michael Green
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Raed Hawa
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Rita Henderson
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Dennis Hong
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Pam Hung
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ian Janssen
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kristen Jacklin
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Carlene Johnson-Stoklossa
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Amy Kemp
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sara Kirk
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jennifer Kuk
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Marie-France Langlois
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Scott Lear
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ashley McInnes
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - David Macklin
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Leen Naji
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Priya Manjoo
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Marie-Philippe Morin
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kara Nerenberg
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ian Patton
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sue Pedersen
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Leticia Pereira
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Helena Piccinini-Vallis
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Megha Poddar
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Paul Poirier
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ximena Ramos Salas
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Christian Rueda-Clausen
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Shelly Russell-Mayhew
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Judy Shiau
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Diana Sherifali
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - John Sievenpiper
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Valerie Taylor
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ellen Toth
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Laurie Twells
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Richard Tytus
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Shahebina Walji
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Leah Walker
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sonja Wicklum
- Departments of Medicine (Wharton), Endocrinology and Metabolism (Poddar, Sherifali), Family Medicine (Naji, Tytus) and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact Canada (Naji), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont; The Wharton Medical Clinic (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Departments of Medicine (Lau, Nerenberg) and Family Medicine (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Department of Family Medicine (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Departments of Medicine (Sharma, Toth), Family Medicine (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Bell, Pereira), Physical Education and Recreation (Boulé), and Occupational Therapy (Forhan), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta.; Obesity Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Department of Surgery (Biertho), Laval University, Quebec, Que.; School of Human Kinetics (Adamo, Prud'homme), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology (Alberga), Concordia University, Montréal, Que.; Bariatric Centre of Excellence (Brown), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Family Practice (Calam) and Endocrinology (Manjoo), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; UBC Family Practice Residency Program (Calam) and Pfizer/Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Prevention Research (Lear), St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; nutrition consultant (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine (Freedhoff) and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Shiau), Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of Medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, Fla.; Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Glazer), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Departments of Internal Medicine (Glazer), Psychiatry (Hawa, Sockalingam), Family and Community Medicine (Macklin) and Nutritional Sciences (Sievenpiper), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Alberta Health Services (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences and Policy Studies (Green), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Kingston Health Sciences Centre (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; University Health Network (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division of General Surgery (Hong), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health (Jacklin), University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minn.; School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (Janssen), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; School of Health and Human Performance (Kirk), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; School of Kinesiology and Health Science (Wharton, Kuk), York University, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Que.; School of Kinesiology (Lear), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC; Medcan Clinic (Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Laval University, Québec, Que.; Foothills Medical Centre (Nerenberg), Calgary, Alta.; C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology ( Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Rueda-Clausen), University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Sask.; Regina General Hospital (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Education Psychology (Russell-Mayhew), Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Heather M. Arthur Population Health Research Institute/Hamilton Health Sciences Chair in Interprofessional Health Research, School of Nursing (Sherifali), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism (Sievenpiper), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Taylor), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Pharmacy (Twells), Memorial University, St. John's, NL; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; School of Population and Public Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.; O'Brien Institute of Public Health (Wicklum), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
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23
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Bonaventura B, Weber J, Kalash Z, Stark GB, Simunovic F. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System as a predictor for postoperative complications after medial thigh lift in massive weight loss patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:3120-3127. [PMID: 34045144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the correlation between the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) and the occurrence of postoperative complications after medial thigh lift in formerly obese patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-institution retrospective review of patients undergoing medial thigh lift between 2009 and 2019 after massive weight loss. Data on demography, comorbidities, surgery, and postoperative outcome were extracted from patients' charts. Patients were grouped into EOSS categories. Complications were classified into minor and major. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between risk factors and complications. RESULTS One hundred and eight patients were included in the study. Complications occurred in 76 (70%) of the patients, most of which were minor (60/108, 56%). Complications increased with increasing EOSS stage, and all EOSS 3 patients had complications. Classification as EOSS 2 or 3 significantly associated with occurrence of postoperative complications (OR 99.3, p<0.001) as well as minor and major complications individually (OR 3.1 and 6.5, p<0.05). This effect was independent of body mass index (BMI), maximum BMI loss, type of weight loss, volume of liposuction, weight of resected tissue, and type of surgery. CONCLUSION EOSS is a robust and independent predictor for postoperative complications in medial thigh lift surgery after massive weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bonaventura
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Weber
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Z Kalash
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - G B Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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24
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Kapoor N, Sahay R, Kalra S, Bajaj S, Dasgupta A, Shrestha D, Dhakal G, Tiwaskar M, Sahay M, Somasundaram N, Reddy R, Bhattacharya S, Reddy VB, Viswanathan V, Krishnan D, Baruah M, Das AK. Consensus on Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabesity (CoMeND) in Adults: A South Asian Perspective. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1703-1728. [PMID: 33889005 PMCID: PMC8057793 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s278928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are both increasing at a fast pace and giving rise to a new epidemic called diabesity. Lifestyle interventions including diet play a major role in the treatment of diabetes, obesity and diabesity. There are many guidelines on dietary management of diabetes or obesity globally and also from South Asia. However, there are no global or South Asian guidelines on the non-pharmacological management of diabesity. South Asia differs from the rest of the world as South Asians have different phenotype, cooking practices, food resources and exposure, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) practices, and availability of trained specialists. Therefore, South Asia needs its own guidelines for non-pharmacological management of diabesity in adults. The aim of the Consensus on Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabesity (CoMeND) in Adults: A South Asian Perspective is to recommend therapeutic and preventive MNT in the South-Asians with diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Non Communicable Disease Unit, The Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania MedicalA30 College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sarita Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arundhati Dasgupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Rudraksh Superspecialty Hospital, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Dina Shrestha
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital for Advanced Medicine and Surgery (HAMS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Guru Dhakal
- Department of Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Mangesh Tiwaskar
- Department of Diabetology, Shilpa Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manisha Sahay
- Department of Nephrology, Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Noel Somasundaram
- Department of Endocrinology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Department of Gastroenterology, CARE Super Specialty Hospital & Transplant Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Vijay Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, M.V. Hospital for Diabetes & Prof M Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharini Krishnan
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Laksha Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manash Baruah
- Department of Endocrinology, Excel Care Hospitals, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - A K Das
- Department of Medicine, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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25
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Sarma S, Sockalingam S, Dash S. Obesity as a multisystem disease: Trends in obesity rates and obesity-related complications. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23 Suppl 1:3-16. [PMID: 33621415 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic multisystem disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The increasing prevalence of obesity makes it a major healthcare challenge across both developed and developing countries. Traditional measures such as body mass index do not always identify individuals at increased risk of comorbidities, yet continue to be used in deciding who qualifies for weight loss treatment. A better understanding of how obesity is associated with comorbidities, in particular non-metabolic conditions, is needed to identify individuals at risk in order to prioritize treatment. For metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), weight loss can prevent T2D in individuals with prediabetes. It can improve and reverse T2D if weight loss is achieved early in the course of the disease. However, access to effective weight loss treatments is a significant barrier to improved health for people with obesity. In the present paper, we review the rising prevalence of obesity and why it should be classed as a multisystem disease. We will discuss potential mechanisms underlying its association with various comorbidities and how these respond to treatment, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disease, malignancy and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohinee Sarma
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satya Dash
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Merlotti D, Cosso R, Eller-Vainicher C, Vescini F, Chiodini I, Gennari L, Falchetti A. Energy Metabolism and Ketogenic Diets: What about the Skeletal Health? A Narrative Review and a Prospective Vision for Planning Clinical Trials on this Issue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010435. [PMID: 33406758 PMCID: PMC7796307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a common mesenchymal cell progenitor shared by bone, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes cell progenitors, makes the role of the skeleton in energy metabolism no longer surprising. Thus, bone fragility could also be seen as a consequence of a “poor” quality in nutrition. Ketogenic diet was originally proven to be effective in epilepsy, and long-term follow-up studies on epileptic children undergoing a ketogenic diet reported an increased incidence of bone fractures and decreased bone mineral density. However, the causes of such negative impacts on bone health have to be better defined. In these subjects, the concomitant use of antiepileptic drugs and the reduced mobilization may partly explain the negative effects on bone health, but little is known about the effects of diet itself, and/or generic alterations in vitamin D and/or impaired growth factor production. Despite these remarks, clinical studies were adequately designed to investigate bone health are scarce and bone health related aspects are not included among the various metabolic pathologies positively influenced by ketogenic diets. Here, we provide not only a narrative review on this issue, but also practical advice to design and implement clinical studies on ketogenic nutritional regimens and bone health outcomes. Perspectives on ketogenic regimens, microbiota, microRNAs, and bone health are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Roberta Cosso
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
| | - Cristina Eller-Vainicher
- Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Fabio Vescini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, University-Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano “Scientific Institute for Hospitalisation and Care”, 20100 Milano, Italy; (R.C.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Prakash O, Hossain F, Danos D, Lassak A, Scribner R, Miele L. Racial Disparities in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of the Role of Biologic and Non-biologic Factors. Front Public Health 2020; 8:576964. [PMID: 33415093 PMCID: PMC7783321 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.576964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). TNBC constitutes about 15–30 percent of all diagnosed invasive breast cancer cases in the United States. African-American (AA) women have high prevalence of TNBC with worse clinical outcomes than European-American (EA) women. The contributing factors underlying racial disparities have been divided into two major categories based on whether they are related to lifestyle (non-biologic) or unrelated to lifestyle (biologic). Our objective in the present review article was to understand the potential interactions by which these risk factors intersect to drive the initiation and development of the disparities resulting in the aggressive TNBC subtypes in AA women more likely than in EA women. To reach our goal, we conducted literature searches using MEDLINE/PubMed to identify relevant articles published from 2005 to 2019 addressing breast cancer disparities primarily among AA and EA women in the United States. We found that disparities in TNBC may be attributed to racial differences in biological factors, such as tumor heterogeneity, population genetics, somatic genomic mutations, and increased expression of genes in AA breast tumors which have direct link to breast cancer. In addition, a large number of non-biologic factors, including socioeconomic deprivation adversities associated with poverty, social stress, unsafe neighborhoods, lack of healthcare access and pattern of reproductive factors, can promote comorbid diseases such as obesity and diabetes which may adversely contribute to the aggression of TNBC biology in AA women. Further, the biological risk factors directly linked to TNBC in AA women may potentially interact with non-biologic factors to promote a higher prevalence of TNBC, more aggressive biology, and poor survival. The relative contributions of the biologic and non-biologic factors and their potential interactions is essential to our understanding of disproportionately high burden and poor survival rates of AA women with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Fokhrul Hossain
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Denise Danos
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Richard Scribner
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Lucio Miele
- Louisiana Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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28
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Wharton S, Lau DCW, Vallis M, Sharma AM, Biertho L, Campbell-Scherer D, Adamo K, Alberga A, Bell R, Boulé N, Boyling E, Brown J, Calam B, Clarke C, Crowshoe L, Divalentino D, Forhan M, Freedhoff Y, Gagner M, Glazer S, Grand C, Green M, Hahn M, Hawa R, Henderson R, Hong D, Hung P, Janssen I, Jacklin K, Johnson-Stoklossa C, Kemp A, Kirk S, Kuk J, Langlois MF, Lear S, McInnes A, Macklin D, Naji L, Manjoo P, Morin MP, Nerenberg K, Patton I, Pedersen S, Pereira L, Piccinini-Vallis H, Poddar M, Poirier P, Prud'homme D, Salas XR, Rueda-Clausen C, Russell-Mayhew S, Shiau J, Sherifali D, Sievenpiper J, Sockalingam S, Taylor V, Toth E, Twells L, Tytus R, Walji S, Walker L, Wicklum S. L’obésité chez l’adulte : ligne directrice de pratique clinique. CMAJ 2020; 192:E1757-E1775. [PMID: 33288515 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.191707-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Wharton
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
| | - David C W Lau
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Michael Vallis
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Arya M Sharma
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Denise Campbell-Scherer
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kristi Adamo
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Angela Alberga
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Rhonda Bell
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Normand Boulé
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Elaine Boyling
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jennifer Brown
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Betty Calam
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Carol Clarke
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Lindsay Crowshoe
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Dennis Divalentino
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Mary Forhan
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Yoni Freedhoff
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Michel Gagner
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Stephen Glazer
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Cindy Grand
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Michael Green
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Raed Hawa
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Rita Henderson
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Dennis Hong
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Pam Hung
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ian Janssen
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kristen Jacklin
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Carlene Johnson-Stoklossa
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Amy Kemp
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sara Kirk
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jennifer Kuk
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Marie-France Langlois
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Scott Lear
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ashley McInnes
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - David Macklin
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Leen Naji
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Priya Manjoo
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Marie-Philippe Morin
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kara Nerenberg
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ian Patton
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sue Pedersen
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Leticia Pereira
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Helena Piccinini-Vallis
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Megha Poddar
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Paul Poirier
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ximena Ramos Salas
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Christian Rueda-Clausen
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Shelly Russell-Mayhew
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Judy Shiau
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Diana Sherifali
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - John Sievenpiper
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sanjeev Sockalingam
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Valerie Taylor
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ellen Toth
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Laurie Twells
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Richard Tytus
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Shahebina Walji
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Leah Walker
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sonja Wicklum
- Départements de médecine (Wharton), endocrinologie et métabolisme (Poddar, Sherifali), médecine familiale (Naji, Tytus), et Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact (HEI) Canada (Naji), Université McMaster; Clinique Wharton (Wharton, Poddar), Hamilton, Ont.; Départements: de médecine (Lau, Nerenberg) et médecine familiale (Boyling, Henderson, McInnes, Walji, Wicklum), École de médecine Cumming, Université de Calgary; Centre de recherche sur le diabète Julia McFarlane et Institut de cardiologie Libin de l'Alberta (Lau), Calgary, Alta.; Département de médecine familiale (Vallis, Piccinini-Vallis), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; Départements de médecine (Sharma, Toth), médecine familiale (Campbell-Scherer, Kemp), agriculture, alimentation et science de la nutrition (Bell, Pereira), éducation physique et loisirs (Boulé), et ergothérapie (Forhan), Université de l'Alberta; Adult Bariatric Specialty Clinic (Sharma), Hôpital Royal Alexandra; Obésité Canada (Sharma, Patton, Ramos Salas), Edmonton, Alta.; Département de chirurgie (Biertho), Université Laval, Québec, Que.; École des sciences de l'activité physique (Adamo, Prud'homme), Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Département de santé, kinésiologie et physiologie appliquée (Alberga), Université Concordia, Montréal, Que.; Centre d'Excellence en soins bariatriques(Brown), Hôpital d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Départements de médecine familiale (Calam) et endocrinologie (Manjoo), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Programme de résidence en pratique familiale de la UBC (Calam) et chaire de recherche en prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires Pfizer/Fondation des maladies du cœur et de l'AVC (Lear), Hôpital St. Paul, Vancouver, C.-B.; consultant en nutrition (Clarke), Hamilton, Ont.; Indigenous Health Dialogue (Crowshoe), Health Sciences Centre, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; Main East Medical Associates (Divalentino), Hamilton, Ont.; Bariatric Medical Institute (Freedhoff), Ottawa, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale (Freedhoff) et Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Shiau), Département de médecine, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Herbert Wertheim School of medicine (Gagner), Florida International University, Miami, FL; Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (Gagner), Montréal, Que.; Humber River Hospital (Glazer), Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Glazer), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; Départements de médecine interne (Glazer), psychiatrie (Hawa, Sockalingam), médecine familiale et communautaire (Macklin), et des sciences de la nutrition (Sievenpiper), Université de Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Services de santé de l'Alberta (Grand, Hung, Johnson-Stoklossa), Edmonton, Alta.; Départements de médecine familiale, et d'études sur les sciences et les politiques de santé publique (Green), Université Queen's; Centre des sciences de la santé de Kingston (Green); Providence Care Hospital (Green), Kingston, Ont.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Hahn, Sockalingam); Réseau universitaire de santé (Hawa, Sockalingam), Toronto, Ont.; Division de chirurgie générale (Hong), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Département de médecine familiale et de santé biocomportementale (Jacklin), Faculté de médecine de l'Université du Minnesota, campus Duluth, Duluth, Minn.; Faculté de kinésiologie et d'études sur la santé (Janssen), Université Queen's, Kingston, Ont.; École de santé et performance humaine (Kirk), Université Dalhousie, Halifax, N.-É; École de kinésiologie et de sciences de la santé (Wharton, Kuk), Université York, Toronto, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie (Langlois), Université de Sherbrooke; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (Langlois), Sherbrooke, Qc; École de kinésiologie (Lear), Université Simon Fraser, Vancouver, C.-B.; Medcan Clinic ( Macklin), Toronto, Ont.; Cardiometabolic Collaborative Clinic (Manjoo), Régie régionale de la santé de Vancouver, Victoria, C.-B.; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (Morin, Poirier), Université Laval, Québec, Qc; Centre médical Foothills (Nerenberg); C-ENDO Diabetes & Endocrinology Clinic (Pedersen), Calgary, Alta.; LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology (Poddar), Toronto, Ont.; Département de médecine (Rueda-Clausen), Université de la Saskatchewan; Hôpital général de Regina (Rueda-Clausen), Regina, Sask.; Psychologie de l'éducation (Russell-Mayhew), Faculté d'éducation Werklund, Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; LEAF Weight Management Clinic (Shiau), Ottawa, Ont.; Chaire de recherche en santé interprofessionnelle de l'Institut de recherche sur la santé des populations Heather M Arthur/Hamilton Health Sciences, Faculté des sciences infirmières (Sherifali), Université McMaster, Hamilton, Ont.; Division d'endocrinologie et métabolisme (Sievenpiper), Hôpital St. Michael, Toronto, Ont.; Département de psychiatrie (Taylor), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; École de pharmacie (Twells), Université Memorial, St. John's, T.-N.-L.; Steelcity Medical Clinic (Tytus), Hamilton, Ont.; Calgary Weight Management Centre (Walji), Calgary, Alta.; École de santé des populations et de santé publique (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique; Centre for Excellence in Indigenous Health (Walker), Université de la Colombie-Britannique, Vancouver, C.-B.; Institut de santé publique O'Brien (Wicklum), Université de Calgary, Calgary, Alta
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Atlantis E, Sahebolamri M, Cheema BS, Williams K. Usefulness of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System for stratifying the presence and severity of weight-related health problems in clinical and community settings: A rapid review of observational studies. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13120. [PMID: 32812345 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This rapid review aimed to examine the usefulness of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) for stratifying the presence and severity of weight-related health problems in clinical and community settings. We searched PubMed, CINAHL and ProQuest for records from 2009 to May 2020. We considered observational studies in participants with overweight or obesity that investigated the risk of any clinical outcome associated with increasing EOSS. We reviewed and appraised 20 observational studies (cohort = 4, case series = 7, cross-sectional = 9) published between 2011 and 2020. Of 12 studies in clinical populations, the EOSS was most consistently associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications following bariatric surgery, especially for EOSS 3-4, and inversely associated with weight loss, treatment time and resolution of hypertension following bariatric surgery and clinical weight management. Of eight studies in community populations, the EOSS most consistently predicted mortality outcomes, especially for EOSS 3, and was associated with polypharmacy, service use and poorer work outcomes. Studies reported diverse EOSS definitions and outcomes, which slightly weakens the overall evidence base. The EOSS should be routinely used for predicting risks and benefits of surgical and nonsurgical weight management, but it should be applied with caution for population health planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Atlantis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mehdi Sahebolamri
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology (Obesity), Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- School of Health Sciences and the National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Williams
- Department of Endocrinology (Obesity), Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre-Nepean, The University of Sydney, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia
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Atri A, Jiwanmall SA, Nandyal MB, Kattula D, Paravathareddy S, Paul TV, Thomas N, Kapoor N. The Prevalence and Predictors of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Morbidly Obese Women - A Cross-sectional Study from Southern India. EUROPEAN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 16:152-155. [PMID: 33117448 PMCID: PMC7572172 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2020.16.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in India and so are its associated comorbidities. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is commonly associated with obesity. However, limited data are available on its prevalence and clinical indicators among morbidly obese Indian women. The aim of our study was to find the prevalence of NAFLD in morbidly obese Indian women and study the clinically measurable obesity indicators that would best predict NAFLD. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore. Women were enrolled who were diagnosed to have NAFLD on sonography. Anthropometric variables, such as body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio were measured and compared between the two groups. SPSS Statistics 21.0 software was used for analysing the data. RESULTS One hundred and six consecutive, morbidly obese women were recruited in this study. Nearly three-quarters (73.6%) of the 106 morbidly obese participants were found to have NAFLD. We found waist circumference, body mass index and waist-height ratio to be most useful in distinguishing between patients with and without NAFLD, and found waist-height ratio was the best screening tool for diagnosing NAFLD. CONCLUSION NAFLD is present in a large proportion of morbidly obese women. Waist-height ratio could be used a surrogate screening tool to detect NAFLD in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avica Atri
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Stephen A Jiwanmall
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munaf B Nandyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dheeraj Kattula
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhiya Paravathareddy
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas V Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Noncommunicable Disease Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kapoor N, Jiwanmall SA, Nandyal MB, Kattula D, Paravathareddy S, Paul TV, Furler J, Oldenburg B, Thomas N. Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) Estimation - A Novel Cost-Effective Obesity Indicator for Visceral Adipose Tissue Estimation. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3261-3267. [PMID: 32982356 PMCID: PMC7507406 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s266277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) assessment is limited in clinical practice due to expensive, time consuming and limited availability of MRI and DXA machines. We explored the utility of a recently developed Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) to assess VAT in south Asian individuals with morbid obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Individuals with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 aged between 30 and 60 years were randomly selected from a database of individuals with morbid obesity, attending a multi-disciplinary bariatric clinic in a tertiary care teaching hospital in southern India. Body composition was assessed by using a Hologic Discovery A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine. METS-VF was used to estimate VAT by using a previously published algorithm. RESULTS The mean age and body mass index of the study subjects (N=350) were 38.2 years and 40.1 kg/m2. The MET-VF score performed satisfactorily (AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.72-0.85)) for predicting an increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT area ≥ 163 cm2) as detected by DXA. A METS-VF value of 7.3 was found to have a good sensitivity and reasonable specificity in predicting elevated VAT in this population. CONCLUSION This is the first study to validate the utility of METS-VF as a surrogate measure of visceral adiposity in south Indian individuals with morbid obesity. Given the simplicity, easy availability, reliability and inexpensive nature of this obesity indicator, it may find its widespread use in lower middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Non-Communicable Disease Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen A Jiwanmall
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munaf B Nandyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dheeraj Kattula
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhiya Paravathareddy
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas V Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Furler
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian Oldenburg
- Non-Communicable Disease Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Atlantis E, Fahey P, Williams K, Edwards S, Samaras K, Dugdale P, Shi Z, Sharma AM. Comparing the predictive ability of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System with the body mass index for use of health services and pharmacotherapies in Australian adults: A nationally representative cross-sectional study. Clin Obes 2020; 10:e12368. [PMID: 32419298 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the value of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) compared with the body mass index (BMI) for determining associations with use of health services and pharmacotherapies in a nationally representative sample of participants in the 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey. A subsample of participants aged 18 years or over, with at least overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 ) or central obesity (waist measurement of ≥102 cm for men; ≥88 cm for women), and who had provided physical measurements (n = 9730) were selected for analysis. For statistical significance of each predictor, we used logistic regression for model comparisons with the BMI and EOSS separately, and adjusted for covariates. For relative explanatory ability, we used the Nagelkerke pseudo R2 , receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under curve statistic. The EOSS was significantly better than the BMI for predicting polypharmacy and most of the health service use variables. Conversely, the BMI was significantly better than the EOSS for predicting having discussed lifestyle changes relevant to weight loss with the primary care physician. Clinicians, health care professionals, consumers, and policy makers should consider the EOSS a more accurate predictor of polypharmacy and health service use than the BMI in adults with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Atlantis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Williams
- Charles Perkins Centre - Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology (Obesity), Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne Edwards
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine Samaras
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinic School, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Dugdale
- Medical School, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arya M Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Małczak P, Wysocki M, Dudek A, Rubinkiewicz M, Vongsurbchart T, Pędziwiatr M. Feasibility of modified Edmonton Obesity Staging System in bariatric center. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:644-650. [PMID: 32122817 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of bariatric procedures is growing worldwide annually. While there is no doubt that a high body mass index is fundamental in qualification for surgical intervention, the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) developed in 2009 may be an additional tool for identifying patients for whom surgery should be performed and those for whom the surgery should be postponed. OBJECTIVE Assessment of the feasibility of modified EOSS as a qualification tool for surgery for obesity and related diseases and its association with morbidity. SETTING University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. METHODS A retrospective study of prospectively collected data. All patients were assigned an EOSS score based on their medical record. We only considered the medical aspect, so the achieved results may be underpowered. Analyzed outcomes involved specific and overall complication rate, length of hospital stay, and weight loss. Regression models were created to assess the influence of EOSS on length of stay and complications. RESULTS We included 761 patients who were operated on between 2009 and 2018 in our department. Of these, 505 patients received sleeve gastrectomy and 256 patients received Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The median EOSS score was 2, which was assigned to 80% of the patients. The analysis showed no influence of modified EOSS on peri- or postoperative outcomes. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the number of patients who achieved bariatric success. The follow-up rate at 1 year was 70%. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that modified EOSS score has no influence on the risk of developing complications and prolonged hospital stay. Patients with an EOSS score of ≥3 have higher major complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Małczak
- 2(nd) Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Wysocki
- 2(nd) Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Dudek
- 2(nd) Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Rubinkiewicz
- 2(nd) Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tanawat Vongsurbchart
- 2(nd) Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 2(nd) Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Centre for Research, Training and Innovation in Surgery (CERTAIN Surgery), Krakow, Poland
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Kakon GA, Hadjiyannakis S, Sigal RJ, Doucette S, Goldfield GS, Kenny GP, Prud'homme D, Buchholz A, Lamb M, Alberga AS. Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics, quality of life and fitness in adolescents with obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:449-458. [PMID: 31687169 PMCID: PMC6819975 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) is often used to diagnose obesity in childhood and adolescence but has limitations as an index of obesity-related morbidity. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics (EOSS-P) is a clinical staging system that uses weight-related comorbidities to determine health risk in paediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of EOSS-P and BMI percentile with quality of life (QOL), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength in adolescents with obesity. METHODS Participants were enrolled at baseline in the Healthy Eating, Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth trial (BMI = 34.6 ± 4.5 kg m-2, age = 15.6 ± 1.4 years, N = 299). QOL, CRF (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) and muscular strength were assessed by the Pediatric QOL Inventory (PedsQL), indirect calorimetry during a maximal treadmill test and eight-repetition maximum bench and leg press tests, respectively. Participants were staged from 0 to 3 (absent to severe health risk) according to EOSS-P. Associations were assessed using age-adjusted and sex-adjusted general linear models. RESULTS Quality of life decreased with increasing EOSS-P stages (p < 0.001). QOL was 75.7 ± 11.4 in stage 0/1, 69.1 ± 13.1 in stage 2 and 55.4 ± 13.0 in stage 3. BMI percentile was associated with VO2peak (β = -0.044 mlO2 kg-1 min-1 per unit increase in BMI percentile, p < 0.001), bench press (β = 0.832 kg per unit increase in BMI percentile, p = 0.029) and leg press (β = 3.992 kg, p = 0.003). There were no significant differences in treadmill time or VO2peak between EOSS-P stages (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION As EOSS-P stages increase, QOL decreases. BMI percentile was negatively associated with CRF and positively associated with muscular strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Kakon
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied PhysiologyConcordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - S. Hadjiyannakis
- Centre for Healthy Active LivingChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
| | - R. J. Sigal
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
| | - S. Doucette
- Community Health and EpidemiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - G. S. Goldfield
- Centre for Healthy Active LivingChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
| | - G. P. Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Clinical Epidemiology ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
| | - D. Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- Institut du Savoir MontfortOttawaONCanada
| | - A. Buchholz
- Centre for Healthy Active LivingChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of PsychologyCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanada
| | - M. Lamb
- Centre for Healthy Active LivingChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of PsychologyCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanada
| | - A. S. Alberga
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied PhysiologyConcordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
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Cannataro R, Caroleo MC, Fazio A, La Torre C, Plastina P, Gallelli L, Lauria G, Cione E. Ketogenic Diet and microRNAs Linked to Antioxidant Biochemical Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080269. [PMID: 31382449 PMCID: PMC6719224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated the capability of the ketogenic diet (KD) to influence the microRNA (miR) expression profile. Here, we report that KD is able to normalize miR expression in obese subjects when compared with lean subjects. By applying two different bioinformatics tools, we found that, amongst the miRs returning to comparable levels in lean subjects, four of them are linked to antioxidant biochemical pathways specifically, and the others are linked to both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biochemical pathways. Of particular interest is the upregulation of hsa-miR-30a-5p, which correlates with the decrease of catalase expression protein in red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- GalaScreen Laboratories, Mater Domini Hospital 88100 Catanzaro and Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Chiara La Torre
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Operative Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Magna Graecia, Mater Domini Hospital Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Graziantonio Lauria
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Defining the appropriate setting for treating obese patients: do we have the right tools? Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:871-876. [PMID: 30353452 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To allocate obese patients to the correct therapeutic setting, the Italian Obesity Society (SIO) has suggested a new algorithm based on the Edmonton obesity staging system (EOSS). The aim of our study was to apply in two retrospective cohorts of obese patients both the EOSS and the activities of daily life (ADL) scale to identify also their rehabilitation needs. METHODS 288 out-patients and 298 in-patients were recruited. All patients were evaluated with a multidisciplinary approach and the mental, mechanical, and metabolic comorbidities were scored. RESULTS The 2 groups differed for gender (28.8% men in out-patients, p = 0.001), age (> 60 years in in-patients, p = 0.03), BMI (40.8 ± 6.3 kg/m2 in in-patients, p < 0.001), and ADL (44.0 ± 16.0 in in-patients, p < 0.001). EOSS distribution was significant different: stages 0 and 1 were more present in out-patients and stages 3 and 4 in in-patients. In both groups, BMI increased significantly in EOSS category [95% CI + 1.4 (+ 0.5; + 2.2) for out-patients and + 1.7 (+ 0.7; + 2.6) for in-patients] and ADL were positively correlated with EOSS [95% CI + 5.0 (+ 2.5; + 7.4) for out-patients and + 9.9 (+ 7.7; + 12.2) for in-patients]. Mean ADL difference between the two groups, adjusted for age (over/under 60 years), BMI category, and EOSS was 24.8 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS SIO algorithm seems an effective tool for staging obesity in relation to the clinical impairment. To better define the correct rehabilitative allocation of obese patients, we suggest to integrate the SIO algorithm with the ADL score. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective case-control analytic study.
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Abstract
In the majority of patients with morbid obesity, metabolic/bariatric surgery leads to relevant and sustained weight loss and improves obesity-related comorbidities, quality of life and functionality. Moreover, the associated reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular events and cancerous diseases has been shown to improve life expectations. Due to its excellent antidiabetic effect, the currently valid national S3 guidelines now recommend metabolic/bariatric surgery in patients who have a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 with poorly controlled diabetes. The Edmonton staging system enables a multidimensional consideration of the severity grade of obesity for each individual patient independent of the BMI. Patients with relevant obesity-related metabolic comorbidities should be prioritized for treatment and if possible before the occurrence of end-organ damage that is at least in some cases irreversible and which also increases the perioperative risk. Therapeutic goals for each individual patient should be carefully defined preoperatively in order to mediate realistic expectations. Unrealistic expectations, such as "surgery solves my problems", "surgery makes me more beautiful", "surgery eliminates stigma", and "surgery guarantees success", are common in bariatric surgery patients. These unrealistic expectations can lead to frustration and to severe psychological decompensation and need to be addressed as early as possible by an interdisciplinary team. Redundancies, conclusive and empathic communication in the team improve therapy adherence, the expectations and therefore the overall outcome.
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Prado NJ, Ferder L, Manucha W, Diez ER. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin in Obesity and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:45. [PMID: 29744660 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we review the known relations between hypertension and obesity to inflammation and postulate the endogenous protective effect of melatonin and its potential as a therapeutic agent. We will describe the multiple effects of melatonin on blood pressure, adiposity, body weight, and focus on mitochondrial-related anti-inflammatory and antioxidant protective effects. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension and obesity are usually associated with systemic and tissular inflammation. The progressive affection of target-organs involves multiple mediators of inflammation, most of them redundant, which make anti-inflammatory strategies ineffective. Melatonin reduces blood pressure, body weight, and inflammation. The mechanisms of action of this ancient molecule of protection involve multiple levels of action, from subcellular to intercellular. Mitochondria is a key inflammatory element in vascular and adipose tissue and a potential pharmacological target. Melatonin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. Melatonin reduces blood pressure and adipose tissue dysfunction by multiple anti-inflammatory/antioxidant actions and provides potent protection against mitochondria-mediated injury in hypertension and obesity. This inexpensive and multitarget molecule has great therapeutic potential against both epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jorgelina Prado
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Pediatric Department Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.,Área de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Raúl Diez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina. .,Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Le Jemtel TH, Richardson W, Samson R, Jaiswal A, Oparil S. Pathophysiology and Potential Non-Pharmacologic Treatments of Obesity or Kidney Disease Associated Refractory Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:18. [PMID: 28243928 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review assesses the role of non-pharmacologic therapy for obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated refractory hypertension (rf HTN). RECENT FINDINGS Hypertensive patients with markedly heightened sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity are prone to develop refractory hypertension (rfHTN). Patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated HTN have particularly heightened SNS activity and are at high risk of rfHTN. The role of bariatric surgery is increasingly recognized in treatment of obesity. Current evidence advocates for a greater role of bariatric surgery in the management of obesity-associated HTN. In contrast, renal denervation does not appear have a role in the management of obesity or CKD-associated HTN. The role of baroreflex activation as adjunctive anti-hypertensive therapy remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-42, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - William Richardson
- Department of Surgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rohan Samson
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Abhishek Jaiswal
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Wolfe BM, Kvach E, Eckel RH. Treatment of Obesity: Weight Loss and Bariatric Surgery. Circ Res 2017; 118:1844-55. [PMID: 27230645 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying, and indications for, bariatric surgery in the reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as other expected benefits of this intervention. The fundamental basis for bariatric surgery for the purpose of accomplishing weight loss is the determination that severe obesity is a disease associated with multiple adverse effects on health, which can be reversed or improved by successful weight loss in patients who have been unable to sustain weight loss by nonsurgical means. An explanation of possible indications for weight loss surgery as well as specific bariatric surgical procedures is presented, along with review of the safety literature of such procedures. Procedures that are less invasive or those that involve less gastrointestinal rearrangement accomplish considerably less weight loss but have substantially lower perioperative and longer-term risk. The ultimate benefit of weight reduction relates to the reduction of the comorbidities, quality of life, and all-cause mortality. With weight loss being the underlying justification for bariatric surgery in ameliorating CVD risk, current evidence-based research is discussed concerning body fat distribution, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, obstructive sleep apnea, and others. The rationale for bariatric surgery reducing CVD events is discussed and juxtaposed with impacts on all-cause mortalities. Given the improvement of established obesity-related CVD risk factors after weight loss, it is reasonable to expect a reduction of CVD events and related mortality after weight loss in populations with obesity. The quality of the current evidence is reviewed, and future research opportunities and summaries are stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M Wolfe
- From the Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (B.M.W., E.K.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (R.H.E.).
| | - Elizaveta Kvach
- From the Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (B.M.W., E.K.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (R.H.E.)
| | - Robert H Eckel
- From the Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (B.M.W., E.K.); and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (R.H.E.)
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Segal-Lieberman G, Segal P, Dicker D. Revisiting the Role of BMI in the Guidelines for Bariatric Surgery. Diabetes Care 2016; 39 Suppl 2:S268-73. [PMID: 27440842 DOI: 10.2337/dcs15-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pesach Segal
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Dicker
- Internal Medicine D and Obesity Clinic, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Obesity or obesities? Controversies on the association between body mass index and premature mortality. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:165-74. [PMID: 27043948 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is still defined on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and BMI in itself is generally accepted as a strong predictor of overall early mortality. However, an inverse association between BMI and mortality has been reported in patients with many disease states and in several clinical settings: hemodialysis, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, surgery, etc. This unexpected phenomenon is usually called obesity-survival paradox (OP). The contiguous concepts of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO, a phenotype having BMI ≥ 30 but not having any metabolic syndrome component and having a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA, <2.5) and metabolically obese normal weight (MONW, normal-weight individuals displaying obesity-related phenotypic characteristics) have received a great deal of attention in recent years. The interactions that link MHO, MONW and OP with body composition, fat distribution, aging and cardiorespiratory fitness are other crucial areas of research. The article is an introductory narrative overview of the origin and current use of the concepts of MHO, MONW and OP. These phenomena are very controversial and appear as a consequence of the frail current diagnostic definition of obesity based only on BMI. A new commonly established characterization and classification of obesities based on a number of variables is needed urgently.
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