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Aharon A, Benedek G, Barhoum B, Parnasa E, Magadle N, Perzon O, Mevorach D. HLA binding-groove motifs are associated with myocarditis induction after Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccination. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14142. [PMID: 38071404 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We found a higher incidence of myocarditis in young males who had received at least two Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccinations. The human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are known to play an important role in infectious and autoinflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that certain HLA alleles might be associated with vaccination-induced myocarditis. METHODS HLA typing was performed using next-generation sequencing technology with the Illumina Iseq100 platform. HLA class I and II loci were genotyped in 29 patients with post-vaccination myocarditis and compared with HLA data from 300 healthy controls. RESULTS We demonstrate that the DRB1*14:01, DRB1*15:03 alleles and the motifs in HLA-A - Leu62 and Gln63, which are part of binding pocket B and HLA-DR Tyr47, His60, Arg70 and Glu74, which are part of binding pockets P4, P7 and P9, were significantly associated with disease susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that immunogenetic fingerprints in HLA peptide-binding grooves may affect the presentation of peptides derived from the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccination to T cells and induce an inflammatory process that results in myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviran Aharon
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gil Benedek
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tissue Typing and Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barhoum Barhoum
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elchanan Parnasa
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nur Magadle
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Perzon
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Mevorach
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology and the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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2
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Cordoba-Caballero J, Perkins JR, García-Criado F, Gallego D, Navarro-Sánchez A, Moreno-Estellés M, Garcés C, Bonet F, Romá-Mateo C, Toro R, Perez B, Sanz P, Kohl M, Rojano E, Seoane P, Ranea JAG. Exploring miRNA-target gene pair detection in disease with coRmiT. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae060. [PMID: 38436559 PMCID: PMC10939301 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A wide range of approaches can be used to detect micro RNA (miRNA)-target gene pairs (mTPs) from expression data, differing in the ways the gene and miRNA expression profiles are calculated, combined and correlated. However, there is no clear consensus on which is the best approach across all datasets. Here, we have implemented multiple strategies and applied them to three distinct rare disease datasets that comprise smallRNA-Seq and RNA-Seq data obtained from the same samples, obtaining mTPs related to the disease pathology. All datasets were preprocessed using a standardized, freely available computational workflow, DEG_workflow. This workflow includes coRmiT, a method to compare multiple strategies for mTP detection. We used it to investigate the overlap of the detected mTPs with predicted and validated mTPs from 11 different databases. Results show that there is no clear best strategy for mTP detection applicable to all situations. We therefore propose the integration of the results of the different strategies by selecting the one with the highest odds ratio for each miRNA, as the optimal way to integrate the results. We applied this selection-integration method to the datasets and showed it to be robust to changes in the predicted and validated mTP databases. Our findings have important implications for miRNA analysis. coRmiT is implemented as part of the ExpHunterSuite Bioconductor package available from https://bioconductor.org/packages/ExpHunterSuite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Cordoba-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - James R Perkins
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), C/ Severo Ochoa, 35, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía (PTA), Campanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Federico García-Criado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Diana Gallego
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Navarro-Sánchez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, València, Spain
| | - Mireia Moreno-Estellés
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción Garcés
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, València, Spain
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010, València, Spain
- Incliva Biomedical Research Institute, 46010, València, Spain
| | - Rocio Toro
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Belén Perez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IdiPaZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascual Sanz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Furtwangen University, Germany
| | - Elena Rojano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), C/ Severo Ochoa, 35, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía (PTA), Campanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Pedro Seoane
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), C/ Severo Ochoa, 35, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía (PTA), Campanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan A G Ranea
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 31, Málaga, 29010, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), C/ Severo Ochoa, 35, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía (PTA), Campanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Bioinformática (INB/ELIXIR-ES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), C/ Sinesio Delgado, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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3
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Crisci G, Bobbio E, Gentile P, Bromage DI, Bollano E, Ferone E, Israr MZ, Heaney LM, Polte CL, Cannatà A, Salzano A. Biomarkers in Acute Myocarditis and Chronic Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy: An Updated Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7214. [PMID: 38068265 PMCID: PMC10706911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12237214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a disease caused by cardiac inflammation that can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and eventually death. Several etiologies, including autoimmune, drug-induced, and infectious, lead to inflammation, which causes damage to the myocardium, followed by remodeling and fibrosis. Although there has been an increasing understanding of pathophysiology, early and accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment remain challenging due to the high heterogeneity. As a result, many patients have poor prognosis, with those surviving at risk of long-term sequelae. Current diagnostic methods, including imaging and endomyocardial biopsy, are, at times, expensive, invasive, and not always performed early enough to affect disease progression. Therefore, the identification of accurate, cost-effective, and prognostically informative biomarkers is critical for screening and treatment. The review then focuses on the biomarkers currently associated with these conditions, which have been extensively studied via blood tests and imaging techniques. The information within this review was retrieved through extensive literature research conducted on major publicly accessible databases and has been collated and revised by an international panel of experts. The biomarkers discussed in the article have shown great promise in clinical research studies and provide clinicians with essential tools for early diagnosis and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Crisci
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bobbio
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.B.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Piero Gentile
- De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniel I. Bromage
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (D.I.B.); (E.F.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Entela Bollano
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.B.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Emma Ferone
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (D.I.B.); (E.F.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Muhammad Zubair Israr
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK;
| | - Liam M. Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Christian L. Polte
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Cannatà
- Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK; (D.I.B.); (E.F.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrea Salzano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK;
- Cardiology Unit, AORN A Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
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4
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Mone K, Reddy J. The knowns and unknowns of cardiac autoimmunity in viral myocarditis. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2478. [PMID: 37658748 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis can result from various infectious and non-infectious causes that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Among the infectious causes, viruses are commonly suspected. But the challenge is our inability to demonstrate infectious viral particles during clinical presentations, partly because by that point, the viruses would have damaged the tissues and be cleared by the immune system. Therefore, viral signatures such as viral nucleic acids and virus-reactive antibodies may be the only readouts pointing to viruses as potential primary triggers of DCM. Thus, it becomes hard to explain persistent inflammatory infiltrates that might occur in individuals affected with chronic myocarditis/DCM manifesting myocardial dysfunctions. In these circumstances, autoimmunity is suspected, and antibodies to various autoantigens have been demonstrated, suggesting that immune therapies to suppress the autoimmune responses may be necessary. From this perspective, we endeavoured to determine whether or not the known viral causes are associated with development of autoimmune responses to cardiac antigens that include both cardiotropic and non-cardiotropic viruses. If so, what their nature and significance are in developing chronic myocarditis resulting from viruses as primary triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthiga Mone
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Sur M, Rasquinha MT, Arumugam R, Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Mone K, Lasrado N, Yalaka B, Doiphode A, Gurumurthy C, Steffen D, Reddy J. Transgenic Mice Expressing Functional TCRs Specific to Cardiac Myhc-α 334-352 on Both CD4 and CD8 T Cells Are Resistant to the Development of Myocarditis on C57BL/6 Genetic Background. Cells 2023; 12:2346. [PMID: 37830560 PMCID: PMC10571761 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a predominant cause of congestive heart failure and sudden death in children and young adolescents that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis mediated by T cells can result from the recognition of cardiac antigens that may involve CD4 or CD8 T cells or both. In this report, we describe the generation of T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352 and make the following observations: First, we verified that Myhc-α 334-352 was immunogenic in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and induced antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses despite being a poor binder of IAb; however, the immunized animals developed only mild myocarditis. Second, TCRs specific to Myhc-α 334-352 in transgenic mice were expressed in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, suggesting that the expression of epitope-specific TCR is common to both cell types. Third, although T cells from naïve transgenic mice did not respond to Myhc-α 334-352, both CD4 and CD8 T cells from animals immunized with Myhc-α 334-352 responded to the peptide, indicating that antigen priming is necessary to break tolerance. Fourth, although the transgenic T cells could produce significant amounts of interferon-γ and interleukin-17, the immunized animals developed only mild disease, indicating that other soluble factors might be necessary for developing severe myocarditis. Alternatively, the C57BL/6 genetic background might be a major contributing factor for resistance to the development of myocarditis. Taken together, our model permits the determination of the roles of both CD4 and CD8 T cells to understand the disease-resistance mechanisms of myocarditis in a single transgenic system antigen-specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Sur
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Mahima T. Rasquinha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Rajkumar Arumugam
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- CRISPR Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02127, USA
| | - Arunkumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Miltenyi Biotec, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kiruthiga Mone
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bharathi Yalaka
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Aakash Doiphode
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal 412801, Maharashtra, India
| | - Channabasavaiah Gurumurthy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
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6
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Suwalski P, Golpour A, Musigk N, Wilke F, Landmesser U, Heidecker B. Case report: Recurrence of inflammatory cardiomyopathy detected by magnetocardiography. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1225057. [PMID: 37808876 PMCID: PMC10556648 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1225057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathies remains challenging. Life-threatening conditions such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) always have to be considered as differential diagnoses due to similarities in presentation. Diagnostic methods for inflammatory cardiomyopathy include endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). We report a case in whom magnetocardiography (MCG) led to an initial diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy and in whom MCG was used for subsequent monitoring of treatment response under immunosuppression. Case presentation A 53-year-old man presented with two recurrent episodes of inflammatory cardiomyopathy within a 2-year period. The patient initially presented with reduced exercise capacity. Echocardiography revealed a moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF 40%). Coronary angiography ruled out obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and an EMB was performed. The EMB revealed inflammatory cardiomyopathy without viral pathogens or replication. Moreover, we performed MCG, which confirmed a pathological Tbeg-Tmax vector of 0.108. We recently established a cutoff value of Tbeg-Tmax of 0.051 or greater for the diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone was initiated, resulting in clinical improvement and an LVEF increase from 40% to 45% within 1 month. Furthermore, the MCG vector improved to 0.036, which is considered normal based on our previous findings. The patient remained clinically stable for 23 months. During a routine follow-up, MCG revealed an abnormal Tbeg-Tmax vector of 0.069. The patient underwent additional testing including routine laboratory values, echocardiography (LVEF 35%), and PET-CT. PET-CT revealed increased metabolism in the myocardium-primarily in the lateral wall. Therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine was initiated and MCG was used to monitor the effect of immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion In addition to diagnostic screening, MCG has the potential to become a valuable method for surveillance monitoring of patients who have completed treatment for inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, it could be used for treatment monitoring. While changes in the magnetic vector of the heart are not specific to inflammatory cardiomyopathy, as they may also occur in other types of cardiomyopathies, MCG offers a tool of broad and efficient diagnostic screening for cardiac pathologies without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bettina Heidecker
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine CBF, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang X, Yu H, Bu M, Fu J, Zhang Z, Xu H, Hu J, Lu J, Zhang H, Zhai Z, Yang W, Wu X, Wang Y, Tong Q. Revitalizing myocarditis treatment through gut microbiota modulation: unveiling a promising therapeutic avenue. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1191936. [PMID: 37260696 PMCID: PMC10229058 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1191936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and treatment of different cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, evidence from recent studies has shown that gut microbiota contributes to the development of myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease that often results in myocardial damage. Myocarditis is a common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. The incidence of myocarditis and its associated dilated cardiomyopathy has been increasing yearly. Myocarditis has gained significant attention on social media due to its association with both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations. However, the current therapeutic options for myocarditis are limited. In addition, little is known about the potential therapeutic targets of myocarditis. In this study, we review (1) the evidence on the gut-heart axis, (2) the crosslink between gut microbiota and the immune system, (3) the association between myocarditis and the immune system, (4) the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on myocarditis, (5) current strategies for modulating gut microbiota, (6) challenges and future directions for targeted gut microbiota in the treatment of myocarditis. The approach of targeting the gut microbiota in myocarditis is still in its infancy, and this is the study to explore the gut microbiota-immune system-myocarditis axis. Our findings are expected to pave the way for the use of gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Bhullar AK, Chew ZC, Ong PS, Khor CG, Mohd Amin NH. Cardiomyopathy following COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023; 7:87-91. [PMID: 36069645 PMCID: PMC9494418 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are an increasing number of reports of myocarditis associated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. We describe the case of a female patient with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus, who developed heart failure symptoms following a second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Despite her history of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, the disease remained stable after she began rituximab treatment. She underwent serial transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of cardiomyopathy. She showed improvement in cardiac function after treatment with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avreena Kaur Bhullar
- *Correspondence: Avreena Kaur Bhullar; ; Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, 10, Jalan Habib Abdullah, Taman Merdeka, Ipoh, Perak 30100, Malaysia
| | - Zhi Chee Chew
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ping Seung Ong
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Gek Khor
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hanim Mohd Amin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Unit, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
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9
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Alonso-Villa E, Bonet F, Hernandez-Torres F, Campuzano Ó, Sarquella-Brugada G, Quezada-Feijoo M, Ramos M, Mangas A, Toro R. The Role of MicroRNAs in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: New Insights for an Old Entity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113573. [PMID: 36362356 PMCID: PMC9659086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a clinical diagnosis characterized by left ventricular or biventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. In most cases, DCM is progressive, leading to heart failure (HF) and death. This cardiomyopathy has been considered a common and final phenotype of several entities. DCM occurs when cellular pathways fail to maintain the pumping function. The etiology of this disease encompasses several factors, such as ischemia, infection, autoimmunity, drugs or genetic susceptibility. Although the prognosis has improved in the last few years due to red flag clinical follow-up, early familial diagnosis and ongoing optimization of treatment, due to its heterogeneity, there are no targeted therapies available for DCM based on each etiology. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DCM will provide novel therapeutic strategies against this cardiac disease and their different triggers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that play key roles in post-transcriptional gene silencing by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or, to a lesser extent, degradation. A growing number of studies have demonstrated critical functions of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including DCM, by regulating mechanisms that contribute to the progression of the disease. Herein, we summarize the role of miRNAs in inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis, exclusively in the context of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alonso-Villa
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.A.-V.); (R.T.)
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Óscar Campuzano
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Josep Trueta, University of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Arrhythmias Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Quezada-Feijoo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Ramos
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alipio Mangas
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Rocío Toro
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.A.-V.); (R.T.)
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10
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Mirna M, Schmutzler L, Topf A, Sipos B, Hehenwarter L, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M. A Novel Clinical Score for Differential Diagnosis Between Acute Myocarditis and Acute Coronary Syndrome - The SAlzburg MYocarditis (SAMY) Score. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:875682. [PMID: 35755032 PMCID: PMC9218572 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.875682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are important differential diagnoses in patients with new-onset chest pain. To date, no clinical score exists to support the differentiation between these two diseases. The aim of this study was to develop such a score to aid the physician in scenarios where discrimination between myocarditis and ACS appears difficult. Materials and Methods Patients with ACS (n = 233) and acute myocarditis (n = 123) were retrospectively enrolled. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was conducted to identify parameters associated with the highest or least probability for acute myocarditis. Logistic regression was conducted using the identified parameters and score points for each level of the predictors were calculated. Cutoffs for the prediction of myocarditis were calculated. Validation was conducted in a separate cohort of 90 patients. Results A score for prediction of acute myocarditis was calculated using six parameters [age, previous infection, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, C-reactive protein (CRP), and leukocyte count]. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between total score points and the presence of myocarditis (B = 0.9078, p < 0.0001). Cutoff #1 for the prediction of myocarditis was calculated at ≥ 4 (Sens.: 90.3%, Spec.: 93.1%; 46.3% predicted probability for acute myocarditis), cutoff #2 was calculated at ≥ 7 (Sens.: 73.1%, Spec.: > 99.9%; 92.9% pred. prob.). Validation showed good discrimination [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.935] and calibration of the score. Conclusion Our clinical score showed good discrimination and calibration for differentiating patients with acute myocarditis and ACS. Thus, it could support the differential diagnosis between these two disease entities and could facilitate clinical decisions in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mirna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Schmutzler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Albert Topf
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Brigitte Sipos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Hehenwarter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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11
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Chaaban N, Kshatriya S, ya. Myocarditis on 18FDG-PET imaging. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:2120-2122. [PMID: 35464795 PMCID: PMC9024342 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle with various clinical presentations and etiology. In this case, we demonstrate the utility of Fluorodeoxyglucose PET scan in identifying its etiology. A 28-year-old female with a history of undifferentiated connective tissue disease and sacroiliitis referred to the cardiology clinic for palpitations. Her symptoms started 3 years ago, were episodic, associated with fatigue, and impaired quality of her life. A resting electrocardiogram revealed sinus tachycardia. Medical workup for sinus tachycardia was unremarkable. Given suspicion for idiopathic myocarditis, a FDG PET using F18 was ordered and revealed diffuse myocardial uptake suggestive of myocarditis. Normal LV systolic function was noted on the echocardiogram. Her tachycardia was successfully treated with ivabradine and diltiazem. She was started on mycophenolate mofetil for myocarditis with improvement in symptoms of tachycardia and fatigue. A repeat FDG PET in follow-up revealed less diffuse uptake with the initiation of therapy. FDG-PET may add value in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia found especially if suspicion of underlying connective tissue disease exists. As illustrated in this case, a timely diagnosis could change management decisions as well as significantly impact the quality of life.
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12
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Youssef ME, El-Azab MF, Abdel-Dayem MA, Yahya G, Alanazi IS, Saber S. Electrocardiographic and histopathological characterizations of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25723-25732. [PMID: 34845640 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a clinical condition that is associated with insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy are well known complications of the elevated blood glucose. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a clinical disorder that is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction along with cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and elevated oxidative stress. In this study, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg. We determined the plasma levels of cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and creatinine kinase MB (CK-MB) by ELISA. Diabetic rats showed abnormal cardiac architecture and increased collagen production. Significant elevation in ST-segment, prolonged QRS, and QT-intervals and increased ventricular rate were detected. Additionally, diabetic rats showed a prolongation in P wave duration and atrial tachyarrhythmia was observed. Plasma levels of cTnT and CK-MB were elevated. In conclusion, these electrocardiographic changes (elevated ST-segment, prolonged QT interval, and QRS complex, and increased heart rate) along with histopathological changes and increased collagen formation could be markers for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology Gamasa, Talkha, Egypt
| | - Mona F El-Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Abdel-Dayem
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ibtesam S Alanazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology Gamasa, Talkha, Egypt
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13
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Liu C, Fan Z, He D, Chen H, Zhang S, Guo S, Zheng B, Cen H, Zhao Y, Liu H, Wang L. Designer Functional Nanomedicine for Myocardial Repair by Regulating the Inflammatory Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040758. [PMID: 35456592 PMCID: PMC9025700 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is a major global health problem, and the repair of damaged myocardium is still a major challenge. Myocardial injury triggers an inflammatory response: immune cells infiltrate into the myocardium while activating myofibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, promoting tissue repair and scar formation. Fragments released by cardiomyocytes become endogenous “danger signals”, which are recognized by cardiac pattern recognition receptors, activate resident cardiac immune cells, release thrombin factors and inflammatory mediators, and trigger severe inflammatory responses. Inflammatory signaling plays an important role in the dilation and fibrosis remodeling of the infarcted heart, and is a key event driving the pathogenesis of post-infarct heart failure. At present, there is no effective way to reverse the inflammatory microenvironment in injured myocardium, so it is urgent to find new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Nanomedicine, the application of nanoparticles for the prevention, treatment, and imaging of disease, has produced a number of promising applications. This review discusses the treatment and challenges of myocardial injury and describes the advantages of functional nanoparticles in regulating the myocardial inflammatory microenvironment and overcoming side effects. In addition, the role of inflammatory signals in regulating the repair and remodeling of infarcted hearts is discussed, and specific therapeutic targets are identified to provide new therapeutic ideas for the treatment of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; (C.L.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China;
| | - Dongyue He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; (C.L.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huiqi Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; (C.L.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; (C.L.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sien Guo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; (C.L.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bojun Zheng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; (C.L.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huan Cen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; (C.L.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yunxuan Zhao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; (C.L.); (D.H.); (H.C.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (B.Z.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.W.)
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14
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He Z, Wang DW. The roles of eicosanoids in myocardial diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 97:167-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Gerbino A, Forleo C, Milano S, Piccapane F, Procino G, Pepe M, Piccolo M, Guida P, Resta N, Favale S, Svelto M, Carmosino M. Pro-inflammatory cytokines as emerging molecular determinants in cardiolaminopathies. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10902-10915. [PMID: 34773379 PMCID: PMC8642682 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Lamin A/C gene (lmna) cause a wide spectrum of cardiolaminopathies strictly associated with significant deterioration of the electrical and contractile function of the heart. Despite the continuous flow of biomedical evidence, linking cardiac inflammation to heart remodelling in patients harbouring lmna mutations is puzzling. Therefore, we profiled 30 serum cytokines/chemokines in patients belonging to four different families carrying pathogenic lmna mutations segregating with cardiac phenotypes at different stages of severity (n = 19) and in healthy subjects (n = 11). Regardless lmna mutation subtype, high levels of circulating granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) were found in all affected patients’ sera. In addition, elevated levels of Interleukins (IL) IL‐1Ra, IL‐1β IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐8 and the granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were measured in a large subset of patients associated with more aggressive clinical manifestations. Finally, the expression of the pro‐inflammatory 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) was significantly increased in serum exosomes of patients harbouring the lmna mutation associated with the more severe phenotype. Overall, the identification of patient subsets with overactive or dysregulated myocardial inflammatory responses could represent an innovative diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tool against Lamin A/C cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Cardiology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Piccapane
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Martino Pepe
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Cardiology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mara Piccolo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Cardiology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Guida
- Regional General Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Favale
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Cardiology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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16
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Nassar M, Nso N, Gonzalez C, Lakhdar S, Alshamam M, Elshafey M, Abdalazeem Y, Nyein A, Punzalan B, Durrance RJ, Alfishawy M, Bakshi S, Rizzo V. COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis: Case report with literature review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102205. [PMID: 34293552 PMCID: PMC8270733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Nassar
- Medicine Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Nso Nso
- Medicine Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Medicine Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Sofia Lakhdar
- Medicine Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Mohsen Alshamam
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Mohammed Elshafey
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Tennessee, USA.
| | | | - Andrew Nyein
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, NYC, USA.
| | | | - Richard Jesse Durrance
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / Elmhurst Hospital, New York, USA.
| | - Mostafa Alfishawy
- Infectious Diseases Consultants and Academic Researchers of Egypt IDCARE, Egypt.
| | - Sanjiv Bakshi
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Vincent Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai / NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens, New York, USA.
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17
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Alves PHR, Ferron AJT, Costa MR, Hasimoto FK, Gregolin CS, Garcia JL, Campos DHSD, Cicogna AC, Mattei LD, Moreto F, Bazan SGZ, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Corrêa CR. Relationship between Innate Immune Response Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) and the Pathophysiological Process of Obesity Cardiomyopathy. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:91-99. [PMID: 34320076 PMCID: PMC8294729 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento A obesidade é uma condição inflamatória crônica de baixo grau relacionada a distúrbios cardíacos. No entanto, o mecanismo responsável pela inflamação cardíaca relacionada à obesidade não é claro. O receptor do tipo toll 4 (TLR-4) pertence a um receptor da família das transmembranas, responsável pela resposta imune, cuja ativação estimula a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Objetivo Testar se a ativação do receptor TLR-4 participa do processo de cardiomiopatia da obesidade, devido à produção de citocinas por meio da ativação do NF-ĸB. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos foram randomizados em dois grupos: o grupo controle (C, n = 8 animais) que recebeu dieta padrão/água e o grupo obeso (OB, n = 8 animais) que foi alimentado com dieta rica em açúcar e gordura e água mais 25% de sacarose por 30 semanas. Análise nutricional: peso corporal, índice de adiposidade, alimentos, água e ingestão calórica. Análise de distúrbios relacionados à obesidade: glicose plasmática, ácido úrico e triglicerídeos, HOMA-IR, pressão arterial sistólica, TNF-α no tecido adiposo. A análise cardíaca incluiu: expressão das proteínas TLR-4 e NF-ĸB, níveis de TNF-α e IL-6. Comparação pelo teste t de
Student
não pareado ou teste de Mann-Whitney com um valor de p <0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados O grupo OB apresentou obesidade, glicose elevada, triglicerídeos, ácido úrico, HOMA, pressão arterial sistólica e TNF-α no tecido adiposo. O grupo OB apresentou remodelação cardíaca e disfunção diastólica. A expressão de TLR-4 e NF-ĸB e os níveis de citocinas foram maiores em OB. Conclusão Nossos achados concluem que, em uma condição obesogênica, a inflamação derivada da ativação do TLR-4 cardíaco pode ser um mecanismo capaz de levar à remodelação e disfunção cardíaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Rizzi Alves
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Mariane Róvero Costa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Fabiana Kurokawa Hasimoto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Cristina Schmitt Gregolin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Sinop , MT - Brasil
| | - Jéssica Leite Garcia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Antônio Carlos Cicogna
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Letícia de Mattei
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Fernando Moreto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
| | | | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Botucatu Faculdade de Medicina , Botucatu , SP - Brasil
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18
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Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C in Heart Diseases-The Role of Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115828. [PMID: 34072423 PMCID: PMC8198581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein and an original member of the matricellular protein family. TNC is transiently expressed in the heart during embryonic development, but is rarely detected in normal adults; however, its expression is strongly up-regulated with inflammation. Although neither TNC-knockout nor -overexpressing mice show a distinct phenotype, disease models using genetically engineered mice combined with in vitro experiments have revealed multiple significant roles for TNC in responses to injury and myocardial repair, particularly in the regulation of inflammation. In most cases, TNC appears to deteriorate adverse ventricular remodeling by aggravating inflammation/fibrosis. Furthermore, accumulating clinical evidence has shown that high TNC levels predict adverse ventricular remodeling and a poor prognosis in patients with various heart diseases. Since the importance of inflammation has attracted attention in the pathophysiology of heart diseases, this review will focus on the roles of TNC in various types of inflammatory reactions, such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive fibrosis, myocarditis caused by viral infection or autoimmunity, and dilated cardiomyopathy. The utility of TNC as a biomarker for the stratification of myocardial disease conditions and the selection of appropriate therapies will also be discussed from a clinical viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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19
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Ocier K, Abdelaziz S, Kim S, Rowe K, Snyder J, Deshmukh V, Newman M, Fraser A, Smith K, Porucznik CA, Shoaf K, Stanford JB, Lee CJ, Hashibe M. Cardiovascular disease risks in younger versus older adult B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4117-4126. [PMID: 33979029 PMCID: PMC8209610 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Young cancer survivors may be at increased risk of early‐onset chronic health conditions. The aim of this population‐based study is to estimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among younger versus older B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‐NHL) survivors compared with their respective general population cohorts. Methods B‐NHL survivors diagnosed from 1997 to 2015 in the Utah Cancer Registry were matched with up to five cancer‐free individuals on birth year, sex, and birth state, using the statewide Utah Population Database. Electronic medical records and statewide health care facility data were used to identify disease outcomes ≥5 years after cancer diagnosis. Cox Proportional Hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for B‐NHL survivors diagnosed at <65 years and ≥65 years old. Results Younger B‐NHL survivors had higher relative risks than older cancer survivors of chronic rheumatic disease of the heart valves (HR = 4.14, 99% CI = 2.17–7.89; P valueheterogeneity = 0.004); peri‐, endo‐, and myocarditis (HR = 2.43, 99% CI = 1.38–4.28; P valueheterogeneity = 0.016); diseases of the arteries (HR = 1.63, 99% CI = 1.21–2.21; P valueheterogeneity = 0.044); and hypotension (HR = 2.44, 99% CI = 1.58–3.75; P valueheterogeneity = 0.048). B‐NHL survivors of both age groups had elevated relative risks of heart disease overall and congestive heart failure. Conclusion Younger B‐NHL survivors had higher risks than older B‐NHL survivors of specific cardiovascular diseases compared to their respective general population cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Ocier
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Seungmin Kim
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kerry Rowe
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John Snyder
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vikrant Deshmukh
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael Newman
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alison Fraser
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ken Smith
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christina A Porucznik
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kimberley Shoaf
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joseph B Stanford
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine J Lee
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Utah Cancer Registry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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20
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Zivarpour P, Reiner Ž, Hallajzadeh J, Mirsafaei L. Resveratrol and cardiac fibrosis prevention and treatment. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:190-200. [PMID: 33583368 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210212125003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are some of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developed or developing countries but in developed countries as well. Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most often pathological changes of heart tissues. It occurs as a result of extracellular matrix proteins accumulation at myocardia. Cardiac fibrosis results in impaired cardiac systolic and diastolic functions and is associated with other effects. Therapies with medicines have not been sufficiently successful in treating chronic diseases such as CVD. Therefore, the interest for therapeutic potential of natural compounds and medicinal plants has increased. Plants such as grapes, berries and peanuts contain a polyphenolic compound called "resveratrol" which has been reported to have various therapeutic properties for a variety of diseases. Studies on laboratory models that show that resveratrol has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, high blood pressure cardiomyopathy, thrombosis, cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. In vitro animal models using resveratrol indicated protective effects on the heart by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, preventing inflammation, increasing neoangiogenesis, dilating blood vessels, suppressing apoptosis and delaying atherosclerosis. In this review, we are presenting experimental and clinical results of studies concerning resveratrol effects on cardiac fibrosis as a CVD outcome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Zivarpour
- Department of Biological sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb. Croatia
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Science, Maragheh. Iran
| | - Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
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21
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Youssef ME, Abdelrazek HM, Moustafa YM. Cardioprotective role of GTS-21 by attenuating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:11-31. [PMID: 32776158 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) was investigated in a variety of inflammatory conditions and constitutes a valuable line in their treatment. In the current study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of GTS-21 (GTS) as a partial selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAchR) agonist in diabetic cardiomyopathy model in rats. This mechanism was elaborated to study whether it could alleviate the electrocardiographic, histopathological, and molecular levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway proteins. Diabetes was induced by the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with GTS (1 or 2 mg/kg/day), methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective α7-nAchR antagonist (2 mg/kg/day) plus GTS (2 mg/kg/day), or the vehicle. All treatments were given by the intraperitoneal route. Ventricular rate and different electrocardiograph (ECG) anomalies were detected. Plasma levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) were measured by ELISA. Additionally, we elucidated the levels of several proteins involved in the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Cardiac levels of TLR4 and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) were detected by ELISA. The cardiac expression of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), NF-κB, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and active caspase-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Finally, the cardiac levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined by ELISA. Diabetic rats showed (i) ECG signs of cardiomyopathy such as significant ST segment elevations, prolonged QRS, QT intervals, and ventricular tachycardia; (ii) increased plasma levels of cTnT and CK-MB; (iii) increased expression of cardiac TLR4; (iv) elevated immunohistochemical expression of cardiac, Myd88, TRAF6, and NF-κB; (v) diminution in the cardiac expression of p-Akt; and (vi) adaptive increases in cardiac expression of TNF-α and IL-6. These effects were ameliorated in diabetic rats treated with both doses of GTS. Pretreatment with MLA did not completely reverse the ameliorative effect of GTS on cTnT, TRAF6, TNF-α, and IL-6, thereby reinforcing the presence of possible α7-nAchR-independent mechanisms. The activation of α7-nAchR with GTS offers a promising prophylactic strategy for diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of pharmacology and biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Heba M Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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22
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Abstract
The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that of the host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to the well-being of the host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in the gut or other locations in the body. Among dominant beneficial bacteria are several species of Bacteroides, which metabolize polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, providing nutrition and vitamins to the host and other intestinal microbial residents. These topics and the specific organismal and molecular interactions that are known to be responsible for the beneficial and detrimental effects of Bacteroides species in humans comprise the focus of this review. The complexity of these interactions will be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zafar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara,Okara, PunjabPakistan
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, USA
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23
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Imanaka-Yoshida K, Tawara I, Yoshida T. Tenascin-C in cardiac disease: a sophisticated controller of inflammation, repair, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C781-C796. [PMID: 32845719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00353.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein classified as a matricellular protein that is generally upregulated at high levels during physiological and pathological tissue remodeling and is involved in important biological signaling pathways. In the heart, TNC is transiently expressed at several important steps during embryonic development and is sparsely detected in normal adult heart but is re-expressed in a spatiotemporally restricted manner under pathological conditions associated with inflammation, such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive cardiac fibrosis, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. Despite its characteristic and spatiotemporally restricted expression, TNC knockout mice develop a grossly normal phenotype. However, various disease models using TNC null mice combined with in vitro experiments have revealed many important functions for TNC and multiple molecular cascades that control cellular responses in inflammation, tissue repair, and even myocardial regeneration. TNC has context-dependent diverse functions and, thus, may exert both harmful and beneficial effects in damaged hearts. However, TNC appears to deteriorate adverse ventricular remodeling by proinflammatory and profibrotic effects in most cases. Its specific expression also makes TNC a feasible diagnostic biomarker and target for molecular imaging to assess inflammation in the heart. Several preclinical studies have shown the utility of TNC as a biomarker for assessing the prognosis of patients and selecting appropriate therapy, particularly for inflammatory heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
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24
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Coronado MJ, Bruno KA, Blauwet LA, Tschöpe C, Cunningham MW, Pankuweit S, van Linthout S, Jeon ES, McNamara DM, Krejčí J, Bienertová-Vašků J, Douglass EJ, Abston ED, Bucek A, Frisancho JA, Greenaway MS, Hill AR, Schultheiss HP, Cooper LT, Fairweather D. Elevated Sera sST2 Is Associated With Heart Failure in Men ≤50 Years Old With Myocarditis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e008968. [PMID: 30638108 PMCID: PMC6497352 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocarditis is an important cause of acute and chronic heart failure. Men with myocarditis have worse recovery and an increased need for transplantation compared with women, but the reason for the sex difference remains unclear. Elevated sera soluble (s)ST2 predicts mortality from acute and chronic heart failure, but has not been studied in myocarditis patients. Methods and Results Adults with a diagnosis of clinically suspected myocarditis (n=303, 78% male) were identified according to the 2013 European Society of Cardiology position statement. Sera sST2 levels were examined by ELISA in humans and mice and correlated with heart function according to sex and age. Sera sST2 levels were higher in healthy men (P=8×10−6) and men with myocarditis (P=0.004) compared with women. sST2 levels were elevated in patients with myocarditis and New York Heart Association class III‐IV heart failure (P=0.002), predominantly in men (P=0.0003). Sera sST2 levels were associated with New York Heart Association class in men with myocarditis who were ≤50 years old (r=0.231, P=0.0006), but not in women (r=0.172, P=0.57). Sera sST2 levels were also significantly higher in male mice with myocarditis (P=0.005) where levels were associated with cardiac inflammation. Gonadectomy with hormone replacement showed that testosterone (P<0.001), but not estradiol (P=0.32), increased sera sST2 levels in male mice with myocarditis. Conclusions We show in a well‐characterized subset of heart failure patients with clinically suspected and biopsy‐confirmed myocarditis that elevated sera sST2 is associated with an increased risk of heart failure based on New York Heart Association class in men ≤50 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coronado
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Katelyn A Bruno
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
| | - Lori A Blauwet
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- 4 Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Medicine Campus Virchow Klinikum Charite- Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Madeleine W Cunningham
- 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK
| | - Sabine Pankuweit
- 6 Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology University Hospital Giessen and Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Sophie van Linthout
- 4 Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Medicine Campus Virchow Klinikum Charite- Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Krejčí
- 9 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertová-Vašků
- 10 Department of Pathological Physiology and the Research Center for the Toxic Compounds in the Environment Faculty of Sciences Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Erika J Douglass
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
| | - Eric D Abston
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Adriana Bucek
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - J Augusto Frisancho
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Merci S Greenaway
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD
| | - Anneliese R Hill
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
| | | | - Leslie T Cooper
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD.,2 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FL
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25
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Fischer A, Bockstahler M, Müller AM, Stroikova V, Leib C, Pfitzer G, Katus HA, Kaya Z. FN14 Signaling Plays a Pathogenic Role in a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis. J Card Fail 2019; 25:674-685. [PMID: 31212034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy is affected by the activation of autoimmune-mediated cascades. To study these cascades, we developed an experimental model of troponin I (TnI)-induced autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). One factor playing a pivotal role in the context of autoimmune disorders is the receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (FN14). Thus, the impact of FN14 in the development of autoimmune myocarditis was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS TnI-immunization led to a significantly increased myocardial FN14 mRNA and protein expression in wild-type (wt) mice. To investigate the precise role of FN14 in EAM, FN14 knockout (ko) and wt littermates were immunized with TnI or control buffer. The animals were evaluated for cardiac parameters and indicators of myocardial injury. FN14 deficiency resulted in better cardiac performance, less myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiac damage. A lower myocardial mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as their receptors could be demonstrated in TnI-immunized FN14ko compared to wt mice also immunized with TnI. Western blot analysis revealed a contribution of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells to FN14-induced signaling cascades. CONCLUSIONS In the pathogenesis of autoimmune myocarditis, the inflammatory response to cardiac injury is attenuated in FN14ko mice. Thus, inhibition of FN14 in patients might represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of inflammatory cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fischer
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariella Bockstahler
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cardiology, St. Claraspital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Müller
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Stroikova
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Leib
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cardiology, St. Claraspital, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Beliy SA, Lukashenko VI, Komok VV, Khubulava GG. [Cell therapy in the multimodality treatment of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. A case report]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:59-64. [PMID: 31131761 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a 13-years follow-up results in patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. We performed intracoronary infusion of bone marrow mononuclear fraction in patient with 4th heart failure functional class in 2005. We observed an improvement in symptoms (patient had 1st functional class of heart failure) during 10-years follow-up. In 2015 due to clinical worsening we performed 2nd and 3rd bone marrow mononuclear cells infusion with 9-month interval. We observed a signifcant improvement in symptoms, EF and LV sizes. We continue the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Beliy
- Academician Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
| | - V I Lukashenko
- Academician Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
| | - V V Komok
- Academician Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
| | - G G Khubulava
- Academician Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
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Gianfranchesco Filippi M, de Castro Ferreira Lima M, Paes AC, Sarita Cruz Aleixo A, Oba E, Ferreira de Souza F, Kiomi Takahira R, Gomes Lourenço ML. Evaluation of heart rate variability and behavior of electrocardiographic parameters in dogs affected by chronic Monocytic Ehrlichiosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216552. [PMID: 31125348 PMCID: PMC6534309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is a systemic disease prevalent in the entire world caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria Ehrlichia canis. The occurrence of myocarditis with a high prevalence of arrhythmias in dogs affected by this disease in the cytopenic phase has already been proven. This study aims to evaluate the concentrations of CK MB, cTnI and NT-proBNP in dogs affected by Ehrlichia canis in the chronic phase since the intense stimulation of the immune system can lead to myocarditis; to evaluate if the condition can lead to arrhythmic events and, if so, define their frequency and classification through conventional and ambulatory electrocardiogram tests (Holter method) for a period of 24 hours; to analyze heart rate variability in the time domain and whether the condition can lead to autonomic imbalance; and to determine the survival rate of affected dogs, identifying possible risk factors for mortality at this stage of the disease. For this purposes, we evaluated clinical, hematological and biochemical data, as well as the concentrations of cardiac biomarkers Creatine Kinase-MB (CK MB), Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro-peptide natriuretic type B (NT-proBNP). We also analyzed conventional and ambulatory electrocardiography (24-hour Holter) and heart rate variability (HRV) in 20 dogs afflicted by cytopenic CME in the chronic phase of the disease (G1) and compared the results with a control group comprised of ten healthy dogs (G2). G1 was monitored during the treatment for 28 days, during which eight (8) of the 20 infected dogs died (40%). Anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, hypoalbuminemia, heart murmurs and increased concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were common clinical signs. The mean concentrations of cTnI and CKMB were significant (0.24 ng / mL ± 0.5, 229 ± 205 IU / mL) in comparison to the control group (0.042 ± 0.07 ng / mL, 126 ± 46.12 IU / mL). No significant differences were observed between NT-proBNP concentrations in G1 (135.46 ± 29.7) and G2 (138.28 ± 19.77). Nine of the twenty dogs (45%) presented a high frequency of arrhythmias during 24-hour recording, ranging from first and second-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular and supraventricular ectopic events and sinus tachycardia. No sinus pause was observed. One dog had 120 episodes of unsustained ventricular tachycardia and two episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia. The short-term and long-term HRV data, represented by SDNN (ms), SDANN (ms) and pnn50 (%) were also significant lower (83 ± 65, 56.05 ± 37.3 and 14.56 ± 20, respectively) in comparison to the healthy animals (268 ± 74.6, 168.3 ± 39.14 and 55.87 ± 12.8, respectively). These results suggest that cytopenic CME is characterized by an arrhythmogenic component and intense stimulation of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system in the heart, reflecting an imbalance in the activity of the ANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Gianfranchesco Filippi
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra de Castro Ferreira Lima
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Sarita Cruz Aleixo
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eunice Oba
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Kiomi Takahira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Gomes Lourenço
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ghosh S, Choudhury S, Mukherjee S, Gupta P, Chowdhury O, Baral R, Chattopadhyay S. Fluoxetine triggers selective apoptosis in inflammation‐induced proliferating (Ki‐67
high
) thymocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:470-484. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Sreetama Choudhury
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Sudeshna Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Olivia Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road 700026 Kolkata India
| | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology University of Calcutta UCSTA 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road 700009 Kolkata India
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology University of Calcutta JD‐2, Salt Lake, Sector III 700098 Kolkata India
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THE ASSESSMENT OF DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF IMMUNOLOGIC BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDITIS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2019-2-68-34-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Knockdown of Sestrin2 Increases Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Fibrotic Reactions in H9c2 Cells and Heart Tissues of Mice via an AMPK-Dependent Mechanism. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6209140. [PMID: 30116150 PMCID: PMC6079459 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6209140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 (sesn2) is an endogenous antioxidant protein that has recently gained attention for its potential to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, the relationship of sesn2 with cardiomyopathy is still unclear. In H9c2 cells, sesn2 knockdown reduced the level of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, downregulated antioxidant genes including catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. LPS-mediated cell death and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 were significantly increased by sesn2 knockdown. However, these increases were prevented by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an AMPK activator. Consistent with the in vitro results, AMPK phosphorylation was decreased in heart tissue from sesn2 knockdown mice compared to heart tissue from control C57BL/6 mice, which was associated with decreased expression of antioxidant genes and increased LPS-mediated cell death signaling. Furthermore, the decrease in AMPK phosphorylation caused by sesn2 knockdown increased LPS-mediated expression of cardiac fibrotic factors, including collagen type I and type III, in addition to MMP2 and MMP9, in heart tissue from C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that sesn2 is a novel potential therapeutic target for cardiomyopathy under inflammatory conditions.
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Roles of Host Immunity in Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5301548. [PMID: 29854842 PMCID: PMC5964556 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5301548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of viral myocarditis includes both the direct damage mediated by viral infection and the indirect lesion resulted from host immune responses. Myocarditis can progress into dilated cardiomyopathy that is also associated with immunopathogenesis. T cell-mediated autoimmunity, antibody-mediated autoimmunity (autoantibodies), and innate immunity, working together, contribute to the development of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Casciaro M, Di Salvo E, Brizzi T, Rodolico C, Gangemi S. Involvement of miR-126 in autoimmune disorders. Clin Mol Allergy 2018; 16:11. [PMID: 29743819 PMCID: PMC5930861 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-018-0089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-RNA represent a great family of small non-condign ribonucleic acid molecules; in particular microRNA-126 is an important member of this family and is expressed in many human cells such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial and lung cells. Some studies have shown the implication of miR-126 in cancer, but recently significant progresses have also been made in determining the role of miR-126 regulating immune-related diseases; probably, in a near future, they could potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of miR-126 in autoimmune diseases, so as to offer innovative therapies. RESULTS According literature, it was concluded that miRNAs, especially miR-126, are involved in many pathologies and that their expression levels increase in autoimmune diseases because they interfere with the transcription of the proteins involved. Since microRNAs can be detected from several biological sources, they may be attractive as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity and severity of various diseases. In fact, once confirmed the involvement of miR-126 in autoimmune diseases, it was speculated that it could be used as a promising biomarker. These discovers implicate that miR-126 have a central role in many pathways leading to the development and sustain of autoimmune diseases. Its key role make this microRNA a potential therapeutic target in autoimmunity. CONCLUSION Although miR-126 relevant role in several immune-related diseases, further studies are needed to clear its molecular mechanisms; the final step of these novel researches could be the blockage or the prevention of the diseases onset by creating of new targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Casciaro
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Salvo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Brizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University Hospital, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Neupane B, Zhou Q, Gawaz M, Gramlich M. Personalized medicine in inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Per Med 2018; 15:127-136. [PMID: 29714129 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2017-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is the result of persistent myocardial inflammation which can arise from both infectious or noninfectious causes. While most patients with acute myocarditis recover, up to 20% develop inflammatory cardiomyopathy with chronic heart failure. The interaction between host factors and factors of the agent that triggered myocardial inflammation must be considered to fully understand the individual mechanism of disease. Several inflammatory biomarkers, histology, immunohistochemistry, advanced imaging technologies as well as molecular high-throughput sequencing techniques help to identify disease pathways and to establish a comprehensive, individualized treatment approach, which can include anti-inflammatory medication, antiviral drugs and heart failure therapy. This might help to prevent transition from acute inflammation to persistent heart failure and to restore cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Neupane
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Qifeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Gramlich
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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Wiyatno A, Febrianti ESZ, Dewantari AK, Myint KS, Safari D, Idris NS. Characterization of rhinovirus C from a 4-year-old boy with acute onset dilated cardiomyopathy in Jakarta, Indonesia. JMM Case Rep 2018; 5:e005139. [PMID: 30425833 PMCID: PMC6230756 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle, can be caused by infections, autoimmune disease or exposure to toxins. The major cause of myocarditis in the paediatric population is viral infection, including coxsackievirus B3, adenovirus, herpesvirus, parvovirus, influenza A and B, and hepatitis. Here, we report the detection of rhinovirus C in a boy with a clinical presentation of myocarditis, suggesting a possible causative role of this virus in this case. Case presentation A previously well 4.5-year-old boy presented with increasing breathlessness for a week prior to admission. He also had upper respiratory tract infection a few days before the event. An echocardiogram revealed severe left ventricle (LV) systolic dysfunction with dilation of the LV. RNA was extracted from serum and two nasal swabs, and tested with conventional PCR at the family level for viruses including enterovirus, dengue, chikungunya, influenza, herpesvirus, paramyxovirus and coronavirus. Further characterization of the enterovirus group was carried out using PCR with primers targeting the VP4/VP2 gene, followed by sequencing. Molecular tests showed the presence of rhinovirus C genetic material in both serum and swab samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/VP2 region showed 96-97 % similarity with the closest strain isolated in Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia) and Japan in 2012. Conclusion We report the possible association of rhinovirus C and myocarditis in a child presenting with acute onset of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageng Wiyatno
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - E S Zul Febrianti
- Cardiology Division, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Khin Saw Myint
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dodi Safari
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nikmah Salamia Idris
- Cardiology Division, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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35
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Li L, Zhao Q, Kong W. Extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:490-506. [PMID: 29371055 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the myocardium, distorts the architecture of the myocardium, facilitates the progression of arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction, and influences the clinical course and outcome in patients with heart failure. This review describes the composition and homeostasis in normal cardiac interstitial matrix and introduces cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis. We also characterize the ECM alteration in the fibrotic response under diverse cardiac pathological conditions and depict the role of matricellular proteins in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, the diagnosis of cardiac fibrosis based on imaging and biomarker detection and the therapeutic strategies are addressed. Understanding the comprehensive molecules and pathways involved in ECM homeostasis and remodeling may provide important novel potential targets for preventing and treating cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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36
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Hong C, Zhou X, Huang W, Shan P, Dong F. Synthesis and anti-myocarditis activity in a multifunctional lanthanide microporous metal-organic framework with 1D helical chain building units. Braz J Med Biol Res 2018; 51:e7050. [PMID: 29340528 PMCID: PMC5769762 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20177050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new microporous lanthanide metal-organic framework, {[Yb(BTB)(H2O) (DEF)2}n (1, DEF=N,N-Diethylformamide), with 1D nano-sized channels has been constructed by bridging helical chain secondary building units with 1,3,5-benzenetrisbenzoic acid (H3BTB) ligand. Structural characterization suggests that this complex crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6122 and possesses 1D triangular channels with coordinated water molecules pointing to the channel center. In addition, anti-myocarditis properties of compound 1 were evaluated in vivo. The results showed that compound 1 can improve hemodynamic parameters of, and it may be a good therapeutic option for heart failure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglv Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinlang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Wenzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Combined, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengquan Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Zhang C, Zhou G, Chen Y, Liu S, Chen F, Xie L, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang T, Lai X, Ma L. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in a dilated cardiomyopathy rat model by inhibiting TNF‑α and TGF‑β1/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:71-78. [PMID: 29115435 PMCID: PMC5780147 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart characterized by pathological remodeling, including patchy interstitial fibrosis and degeneration of cardiomyocytes. In the present study, the beneficial role of human umbilical cord‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) derived from Wharton's jelly was evaluated in the myosin‑induced rat model of DCM. Male Lewis rats (aged 8‑weeks) were injected with porcine myosin to induce DCM. Cultured HuMSCs (1x106 cells/rat) were intravenously injected 28 days after myosin injection and the effects on myocardial fibrosis and the underlying signaling pathways were investigated and compared with vehicle‑injected and negative control rats. Myosin injections in rats (vehicle group and experimental group) for 28 days led to severe fibrosis and significant deterioration of cardiac function indicative of DCM. HuMSC treatment reduced fibrosis as determined by Masson's staining of collagen deposits, as well as quantification of molecular markers of myocardial fibrosis such as collagen I/III, profibrotic factors transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1), tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). HuMSC treatment restored cardiac function as observed using echocardiography. In addition, western blot analysis indicated that HuMSC injections in DCM rats inhibited the expression of TNF‑α, extracellular‑signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and TGF‑β1, which is a master switch for inducing myocardial fibrosis. These findings suggested that HuMSC injections attenuated myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction in a rat model of DCM, likely by inhibiting TNF‑α and the TGF‑β1/ERK1/2 fibrosis pathways. Therefore, HuMSC treatment may represent a potential therapeutic method for treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Guichi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yezeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Sizheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Fen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical Hospital, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
| | - Lichun Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical Hospital, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical Hospital, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Dr Xiulan Lai, Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 North DongXia Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Lian Ma, Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shenzhen University, 6 South LongXing Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Kingma JG, Simard D, Rouleau JR, Drolet B, Simard C. The Physiopathology of Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Review of the Potential Contributions of Inflammation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:E21. [PMID: 29367550 PMCID: PMC5753122 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-organ crosstalk plays an essential role in the physiological homeostasis of the heart and other organs, and requires a complex interaction between a host of cellular, molecular, and neural factors. Derangements in these interactions can initiate multi-organ dysfunction. This is the case, for instance, in the heart or kidneys where a pathological alteration in one organ can unfavorably affect function in another distant organ; attention is currently being paid to understanding the physiopathological consequences of kidney dysfunction on cardiac performance that lead to cardiorenal syndrome. Different cardiorenal connectors (renin-angiotensin or sympathetic nervous system activation, inflammation, uremia, etc.) and non-traditional risk factors potentially contribute to multi-organ failure. Of these, inflammation may be crucial as inflammatory cells contribute to over-production of eicosanoids and lipid second messengers that activate intracellular signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis. Indeed, inflammation biomarkers are often elevated in patients with cardiac or renal dysfunction. Epigenetics, a dynamic process that regulates gene expression and function, is also recognized as an important player in single-organ disease. Principal epigenetic modifications occur at the level of DNA (i.e., methylation) and histone proteins; aberrant DNA methylation is associated with pathogenesis of organ dysfunction through a number of mechanisms (inflammation, nitric oxide bioavailability, endothelin, etc.). Herein, we focus on the potential contribution of inflammation in pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Kingma
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Denys Simard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Jacques R Rouleau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Benoit Drolet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Chantale Simard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Bienias P, Ciurzyński M, Chrzanowska A, Dudzik-Niewiadomska I, Irzyk K, Oleszek K, Kalińska-Bienias A, Kisiel B, Tłustochowicz W, Pruszczyk P. Attenuated post-exercise heart rate recovery in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of disease severity and beta-blocker treatment. Lupus 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317716318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Bienias
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Ciurzyński
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chrzanowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Dudzik-Niewiadomska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Irzyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Oleszek
- Students' Scientific Association by Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kalińska-Bienias
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Kisiel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Tłustochowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Rheumatology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Pruszczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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