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Gong L, Shen X, Huang N, Wu K, Li R, Liu Y, Zhang H, Chen S, Sun R. Research progress on hepatotoxicity mechanism of polygonum multiflorum and its main components. Toxicon 2024; 248:108040. [PMID: 39038664 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
As a traditional tonic Chinese medicine, Polygonum multiflorum is widely used in clinical practice. However, with the deepening of modern pharmacological research, its drug toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity, has become increasingly prominent. Based on a large number of clinical and experimental evidence, it has been confirmed that Polygonum multiflorum and its main active ingredients such as anthraquinones and diphenylethylene glucoside can cause different degrees of hepatotoxicity. Further studies have shown that the toxicological mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of different extracts and components of Polygonum multiflorum may include oxidative phosphorylation, bile acid excretion, different metabolic pathways, genetic and metabolic factors, immune homeostasis, etc. By sorting out and summarizing the literature related to hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum in recent years, this paper discussed the hepatotoxicity mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum and its main components and some contradictions in related reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gong
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xianhui Shen
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Nana Huang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Kaiyi Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Xue H, Nie H, Huang Z, Lu B, Wei M, Xu H, Ji L. 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside promotes liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice: The potential involvement of PPARα-mediated fatty acid metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118513. [PMID: 38969151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is the principal bioactive compound contained in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PMT), which is traditionally recorded to possess tonic and anti-aging efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the TSG-provided promotion on liver regeneration (LR) following partial hepatectomy (PHx) in mice and to explicate its involved mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The promotion of TSG on LR was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), 5-bromodeoxyuridinc (BrdU) and Ki-67 staining, and measuring the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin D1 in mice with PHx at different time points. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE15239) database and the label-free quantitative proteomics from liver of mice at 24 h after PHx were integrated to identify potential involved critical proteins, which were verified by Western-blot, Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), molecular docking and luciferase activity assay. Primary hepatocytes isolated from mice were used to investigate the TSG-provided promotion on proliferation in vitro. RESULTS TSG (20 mg/kg) promoted LR in mice after PHx. Results from RNA expression data from clinical samples and proteomic analysis from liver tissues indicated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-mediated fatty acid metabolism pathway were crucially associated with the TSG-provided promotion on LR. TSG enhanced the nuclear translocation of PPARα and the mRNA expression of a series of PPARα-regulated downstream genes. In addition, TSG lowered hepatic triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) amounts and increased hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in mice after PHx. TSG up-regulated the transcriptional activity of PPARα in vitro. Next results displayed that TSG promoted cell proliferation as well as ATP level in mice primary hepatocytes, which were abolished when PPARα was suppressed. Meanwhile, the cell viability was also elevated in mice primary hepatocytes treated with ATP. CONCLUSION Activating PPARα-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) pathway led to the production of ATP, which contributed to the TSG-provided promotion on LR after PHx in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Xue
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huizhong Nie
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Huang C, Jiang Y, Bao Q, Wang L, Tang L, Liu Y, Yang L. Study on the differential hepatotoxicity of raw polygonum multiflorum and polygonum multiflorum praeparata and its mechanism. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:161. [PMID: 38632548 PMCID: PMC11022370 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygonum multiflorum (PM), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine herb, is divided into two forms, namely raw polygonum multiflorum (RPM) and polygonum multiflorum praeparata (PMP), according to the processing procedure. Emerging data has revealed the differential hepatotoxicity of RPM and PMP, however, its potential mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In our study, we investigated the differential hepatotoxicity of RPM and PMP exerted in C57BL/6 mice. First, sera were collected for biochemical analysis and HE staining was applied to examine the morphological alternation of the liver. Then we treated L02 cells with 5 mg / mL of RPM or PMP. The CCK8 and EdU assays were utilized to observe the viability and proliferation of L02 cells. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the expression profile of L02 cells. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression level of ferroptosis-related protein. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate ROS accumulation. RESULTS In our study, a significant elevation in serum ALT, AST and TBIL levels was investigated in the RMP group, while no significant differences were observed in the PMP group, compared to that of the CON group. HE staining showed punctate necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and structural destruction can be observed in the RPM group, which can be significantly attenuated after processing. In addition, we also found RPM could decrease the viability and proliferation capacity of L02 cells, which can be reversed by ferroptosis inhibitor. RNA sequencing data revealed the adverse effect of PM exerted on the liver is closely associated with ferroptosis. Western blotting assay uncovered the protein level of GPX4, HO-1 and FTL was sharply decreased, while the ROS content was dramatically elevated in L02 cells treated with RPM, which can be partially restored after processing. CONCLUSIONS The hepatotoxicity induced by RPM was significantly lower than the PMP, and its potential mechanism is associated with ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Huang
- Department of Preparations, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
- Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 69 Jiefang Western Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 69 Jiefang Western Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Bao
- Department of Preparations, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Preparations, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Preparations, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 69 Jiefang Western Road, Changsha City, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Preparations, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China.
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Hu S, Sun Q, Xu F, Jiang N, Gao J. Age-related hearing loss and its potential drug candidates: a systematic review. Chin Med 2023; 18:121. [PMID: 37730634 PMCID: PMC10512576 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the main illnesses afflicting the aged population and has a significant negative impact on society, economy, and health. However, there is presently no appropriate therapeutic treatment of ARHL due to the absence of comprehensive trials. OBJECTIVES The goal of this review is to systematically evaluate and analyze recent statistics on the pathologic classifications, risk factors, treatment strategies, and drug candidates of ARHL, including that from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to provide potential new approaches for preventing and treating ARHL. METHODS Literature related to ARHL was conducted in databases such as PubMed, WOS, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang from the establishment of the database to Jan, 2023. The pathology, causal factor, pathophysiological mechanism, treatment strategy, and the drug candidate of ARHL were extracted and pooled for synthesis. RESULTS Many hypotheses about the etiology of ARHL are based on genetic and environmental elements. Most of the current research on the pathology of ARHL focuses on oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, cochlear blood flow, ion homeostasis, etc. In TCM, herbs belonging to the kidney, lung, and liver meridians exhibit good hearing protection. Seven herbs belonging to the kidney meridian, 9 belonging to the lung meridian, and 4 belonging to the liver meridian were ultimately retrieved in this review, such as Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Panax ginseng C.A. Mey, and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Their active compounds, 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rb1, and puerarin, may act as the molecular substance for their anti-ARHL efficacy, and show anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, or mitochondrial protective effects. CONCLUSION Anti-oxidants, modulators of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammation agents, vasodilators, K+ channel openers, Ca2+ channel blockers, JNK inhibitors, and nerve growth factors/neurotrophic factors all contribute to hearing protection, and herbs are an important source of potential anti-ARHL drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ninghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Tsai KY, Wei PL, Lee CC, Makondi PT, Chen HA, Chang YY, Liu DZ, Huang CY, Chang YJ. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene (TG1), a Novel Compound Derived from 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Progression by Inducing Ferroptosis, Apoptosis, and Autophagy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1798. [PMID: 37509438 PMCID: PMC10376355 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide and long-term survival is not guaranteed in metastatic disease despite current multidisciplinary therapies. A new compound 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene (TG1), derived from THSG (2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside), has been developed, and its anticancer ability against CRC is verified in this study. METHODS HCT116, HT-29, and DLD-1 were treated with TG1 and the IC50 was measured using a sulforhodamine B assay. A Xenograft mouse model was used to monitor tumor growth. Apoptosis and autophagy, induced by TG1 in CRC cells, were examined. RNA-sequencing analysis of CRC cells treated with TG1 was performed to discover underlying pathways and mechanisms. RESULTS The results demonstrated that treatment with TG1 inhibited CRC proliferation in vitro and in vivo and induced apoptotic cell death, which was confirmed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and Western blotting. Additionally, TG1 treatment increased the level of autophagy in cells. RNA-sequencing and GSEA analyses revealed that TG1 was associated with MYC and the induction of ferroptosis. Furthermore, the ferroptosis inhibitor Bardoxolone abrogated the cytotoxic effect of TG1 in CRC cells, indicating that ferroptosis played a crucial role in TG1-induced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TG1 might be a potential and potent compound for clinical use in the treatment of CRC by inhibiting proliferation and inducing ferroptosis through the MYC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Yen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-An Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Der-Zen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Technology and Development Center, New Taipei 24888, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
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Potential Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Medicine in Mitochondria-Mediated Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102041. [PMID: 36290765 PMCID: PMC9598588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that play a role in ATP synthesis, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction status, apoptosis, and inflammation. Several human disorders have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been found that traditional therapeutic herbs are effective on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to oxidative stress is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and is considered critical for treatment. The role of oxidative stress, lipid toxicity, and inflammation in NAFLD are well known. NAFLD is a chronic liver disease that commonly progresses to cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, and people with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are at a higher risk of developing NAFLD. NAFLD is associated with a number of pathological factors, including insulin resistance, lipid metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. As a result, the improvement in steatosis and inflammation is enough to entice researchers to look into liver disease treatment. However, antioxidant treatment has not been very effective for liver disease. Additionally, it has been suggested that the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on immunity and inflammation are governed by various mechanisms for lipid metabolism and inflammation control. This review provided a summary of research on herbal medicines for the therapeutic implementation of mitochondria-mediated ROS production in liver disease as well as clinical applications through herbal medicine. In addition, the pathophysiology of common liver disorders such as ALD and NAFLD would be investigated in the role that mitochondria play in the process to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with liver disease.
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Huang TT, Chen CM, Chen LG, Lan YW, Huang TH, Choo KB, Chong KY. 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via regulating pro-fibrotic signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997100. [PMID: 36267283 PMCID: PMC9577370 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside (THSG) is the main active ingredient extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PMT), which has been reported to possess extensive pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, the exact role of THSG in pulmonary fibrosis has not been demonstrated yet. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of THSG against bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in a murine model, and explore the underlying mechanisms of THSG in transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrogenesis using MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cells. We found that THSG significantly attenuated lung injury by reducing fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition. THSG treatment significantly downregulated the expression levels of TGF-β1, fibronectin, α-SMA, CTGF, and TGFBR2, however, upregulated the expression levels of antioxidants (SOD-1 and catalase) and LC3B in the lungs of BLM-treated mice. THSG treatment decreased the expression levels of fibronectin, α-SMA, and CTGF in TGF-β1-stimulated MRC-5 cells. Conversely, THSG increased the expression levels of SOD-1 and catalase. Furthermore, treatment of THSG profoundly reduced the TGF-β1-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, THSG restored TGF-β1-induced impaired autophagy, accompany by increasing the protein levels of LC3B-II and Beclin 1. Mechanism study indicated that THSG significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced increase of TGFBR2 expression and phosphorylation of Smad2/3, Akt, mTOR, and ERK1/2 in MRC-5 cells. These findings suggest that THSG may be considered as an anti-fibrotic drug for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Teng Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, The Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Lab, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Kowit-Yu Chong,
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A New Stilbene Glucoside from Biotransformation-Guided Purification of Chinese Herb Ha-Soo-Oh. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172286. [PMID: 36079669 PMCID: PMC9460137 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ha-Soo-Oh is a traditional Chinese medicine prepared from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The herb extract has been widely used in Asian countries as a tonic agent and nutritional supplement for centuries. To identify new bioactive compounds in Chinese herbs, the biotransformation-guided purification (BGP) process was applied to Ha-Soo-Oh with Bacillus megaterium tyrosinase (BmTYR) as a biocatalyst. The result showed that a major biotransformed compound could be purified using the BGP process with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and it was confirmed as a new compound, 2,3,5,3′,4′-pentahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (PSG) following mass and nucleic magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses. PSG was further confirmed as a biotransformation product from 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (TSG) by BmTYR. The new PSG exhibited 4.7-fold higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity than that of TSG. The present study highlights the potential usage of BGP in herbs to discover new bioactive compounds in the future.
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Han M, Li C, Zhang C, Song C, Xu Q, Liu Q, Guo J, Sun Y. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the natural product Shi-Bi-Man promotes hair regeneration by activating the FGF pathway in dermal papilla cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154260. [PMID: 35777117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finasteride and minoxidil are two commonly used drugs for the treatment of hair loss. However, these two drugs have certain side effects. Thus, the further elucidation of treatments for hair loss, including those using Chinese herbal medicine, remains important clinically. Shi-Bi-Man (SBM) is a hair health supplement that darkens hair and contains ginseng radix, tea polyphenols, polygonum multiflorum, radix angelicae sinensis, aloe, linseed, and green tea extract. PURPOSE This study aimed to find potential effective monomer components to promote hair regeneration from SBM and to explore the mechanism of SBM to promote hair regeneration. METHODS Supplementation with the intragastric administration or smear administration of SBM in artificially shaved C57BL/6 mice, observe its hair growth. UPLC/MS and UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS detect the main components in SBM and the main monomers contained in the skin after smearing, respectively. A network pharmacology study on the main components of SBM and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to explore the role of SBM for hair regeneration. RESULTS SBM significantly induced hair growth compared with a control treatment. TSG and EGCG were the main monomers in the skin after SBM smearing. The results of single-cell sequencing revealed that after SBM treatment, the number of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) increased significantly. Cell interactions and volcano dots show that the interaction of the FGF signaling pathway was significantly enhanced, in which Fgf7 expression was especially upregulated in DPCs. In addition, the Wnt signaling pathway also had a partially enhanced effect on the interactions between various cells in the skin. The network pharmacology study showed that the promotion of the FGF and Wnt pathways by SBM was also enriched in alopecia diseases. CONCLUSION We report that SBM has a potential effect on the promotion of hair growth by mainly activating the FGF signaling pathway. The use of SBM may be a novel therapeutic option for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengxi Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Lin HY, Yang YN, Chen YF, Huang TY, Crawford DR, Chuang HY, Chin YT, Chu HR, Li ZL, Shih YJ, Chen YR, Yang YCSH, Ho Y, Davis PJ, Whang-Peng J, Wang K. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside improves female ovarian aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862045. [PMID: 36111333 PMCID: PMC9469098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced fertility associated with normal aging may reflect the over-maturity of oocytes. It is increasingly important to reduce aging-induced infertility since recent trends show people marrying at later ages. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), a polyphenol extracted from Polygonum multiflorum, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. To evaluate whether THSG can reduce aging-related ovarian damage in a female mouse model of aging, THSG was administered by gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg twice weekly, starting at 4 weeks of age in a group of young mice. In addition, the effect of THSG in a group of aged mice was also studied in mice starting at 24 weeks of age. The number of oocytes in the THSG-fed group was higher than in the untreated control group. Although the percentage of secondary polar bodies (PB2) decreased during aging in the THSG-fed group, it decreased much more slowly than in the age-matched control group. THSG administration increased the quality of ovaries in young mice becoming aged. Western blotting analyses also indicated that CYP19, PR-B, and ER-β expressions were significantly increased in 36-week-old mice. THSG also increased oocyte numbers in aged mice compared to mice without THSG fed. Studies of qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses of ovaries in the aged mice groups were conducted. THSG increased gene expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a biomarker of oocyte number, and protein accumulation in 40-week-old mice. THSG increased the expression of pgc1α and atp6, mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes, and their protein expression. THSG also attenuated the fading rate of CYP11a and CYP19 associated with sex hormone synthesis. And THSG maintains a high level of ER-β expression, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of estrogen. Our findings indicated that THSG increased or extended gene expression involved in ovarian maintenance and rejuvenation in young and aged mice. On the other hand, THSG treatments significantly maintained oocyte quantity and quality in both groups of young and aged mice compared to each age-matched control group. In conclusion, THSG can delay aging-related menopause, and the antioxidant properties of THSG may make it suitable for preventing aging-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ning Yang
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dana R. Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ru Chu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yih Ho,
| | - Paul J. Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Teka T, Zhang L, Ge X, Li Y, Han L, Yan X. Stilbenes: Source plants, chemistry, biosynthesis, pharmacology, application and problems related to their clinical Application-A comprehensive review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 197:113128. [PMID: 35183567 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes are some of the important phenolic compounds originating from plant families like Vitaceae, Leguminaceae, Gnetaceae, and Dipterocarpaceae. Structurally, they have a C6-C2-C6 skeleton, usually with two isomeric forms. Stilbenes are biosynthesized due to biotic and abiotic stresses such as microbial infections, high temperatures, and oxidation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of stilbenes' botanical sources, chemistry, biosynthetic pathways, pharmacology, and clinical applications and challenges based on up-to-date data. All included studies were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and CNKI, and the presented data from these indexed studies were analyzed and summarized. A total of 459 natural stilbene compounds from 45 plant families and 196 plant species were identified. Pharmacological studies also show that stilbenes have various activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-degenerative diseases, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-aging, and cardioprotective effects. Stilbene synthase (STS) is the key enzyme involved in stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Studies on the therapeutic application of stilbenes pinpoint that challenges such as low bioavailability and isomerization are the major bottlenecks for their development as therapeutic drugs. Although the medicinal uses of several stilbenes have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, studies on the development of stilbenes deserve more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P. O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Lele Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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12
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2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside Attenuates Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Inflammation and Apoptosis in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Infected Brain Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040740. [PMID: 35453424 PMCID: PMC9024880 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the periodontopathic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) initiates an inflammatory cascade that disrupts the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in apoptotic cell death in brain endothelial cells. An extract from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (THSG) has been well-reported to diminish the inflammation in many disease models. However, the effects of THSG in the area of the brain–oral axis is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of THSG in P. gingivalis-stimulated inflammatory response and apoptotic cell death in brain endothelial cells. THSG treatment remarkably lessened the upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in bEnd.3 cells infected with P. gingivalis. Treatment of THSG further ameliorated brain endothelial cell death, including apoptosis caused by P. gingivalis. Moreover, the present study showed that the inhibitory effects on NF-κB p65 and antiapoptotic properties of THSG is through inhibiting the ROS pathway. Importantly, the ROS inhibitory potency of THSG is similar to a ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Furthermore, the protective effect of THSG from P. gingivalis infection was further confirmed in primary mouse brain endothelial cells. Taken together, this study indicates that THSG attenuates an ROS-dependent inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in P. gingivalis-infected brain endothelial cells. Our results also suggest that THSG could be a potential herbal medicine to prevent the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases from infection of periodontal bacteria.
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2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside protects against neuronal cell death and traumatic brain injury-induced pathophysiology. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2607-2627. [PMID: 35314517 PMCID: PMC9004580 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health issue that affects at least 10 million people per year. Neuronal cell death and brain injury after TBI, including apoptosis, inflammation, and excitotoxicity, have led to detrimental effects in TBI. 2, 3, 5, 4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (THSG), a water-soluble compound extracted from the Chinese herb Polygonum multiflorum, has been shown to exert various biological functions. However, the effects of THSG on TBI is still poorly understood. THSG reduced L-glutamate-induced DNA fragmentation and protected glial and neuronal cell death after L-glutamate stimulation. Our results also showed that TBI caused significant behavioral deficits in the performance of beam walking, mNSS, and Morris water maze tasks in a mouse model. Importantly, daily administration of THSG (60 mg/kg/day) after TBI for 21 days attenuated the injury severity score, promoted motor coordination, and improved cognitive performance post-TBI. Moreover, administration of THSG also dramatically decreased the brain lesion volume. THSG reduced TBI-induced neuronal apoptosis in the brain cortex 24 h after TBI. Furthermore, THSG increased the number of immature neurons in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Our results demonstrate that THSG exerts neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and glial and neuronal cell death. The present study also demonstrated that THSG effectively protects against TBI-associated motor and cognitive impairment, at least in part, by inhibiting TBI-induced apoptosis and promoting neurogenesis.
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Wang C, Dai S, Gong L, Fu K, Ma C, Liu Y, Zhou H, Li Y. A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791214. [PMID: 35069206 PMCID: PMC8769241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (He-shou-wu in Chinese), a Chinese botanical drug with a long history, is widely used to treat a variety of chronic diseases in clinic, and has been given the reputation of “rejuvenating and prolonging life” in many places. 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG, C20H22O9) is the main and unique active ingredient isolated from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., which has extensive pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that TSG exhibits significant activities in treating various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic steatosis, osteoporosis, depression and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of TSG up to 2021 by searching the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect and CNKI. According to the data, TSG shows remarkable anti-inflammation, antioxidation, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, hepatoprotection, anti-osteoporosis, enhancement of memory and anti-aging activities through regulating multiple molecular mechanisms, such as NF-κB, AMPK, PI3K-AKT, JNK, ROS-NO, Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3, ERK1/2, TGF-β/Smad, Nrf2, eNOS/NO and SIRT1. In addition, the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of TSG are also discussed in this review, which provided direction and basis for the further development and clinical application of TSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Onaolapo OJ, Odeniyi AO, Onaolapo AY. Parkinson's Disease: Is there a Role for Dietary and Herbal Supplements? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 20:343-365. [PMID: 33602107 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210218082954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of the neurons of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway of the brain. The pharmacological cornerstone of PD management is mainly the use of dopamine precursors, dopamine receptor agonists, and agents that inhibit the biochemical degradation of dopamine. While these drugs initially provide relief to the symptoms and improve the quality of life of the patients, progression of the underlying pathological processes, such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation (which have been strongly associated with PD and other neurodegenerative disorders), eventually reduce their benefits, making further benefits achievable, only at high doses due to which the magnitude and frequency of side-effects are amplified. Also, while it is becoming obvious that mainstream pharmacological agents may not always provide the much-needed answer, the question remains what succour can nature provide through dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal remedies? This narrative review examines current literature for evidence of the possible roles (if any) of nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and herbal remedies in the prevention or management of PD by examining how these compounds could modulate key factors and pathways that are crucial to the pathogenesis and/or progression of PD. The likely limitations of this approach and its possible future roles in PD prevention and management are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Neuropharmacology Subdivision, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola O Odeniyi
- Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Neuropharmacology Subdivision, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, Neurobiology Subdivision, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
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16
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Wu Y, Chung YY, Chin YT, Lin CY, Kuo PJ, Chen TY, Lin TY, Chiu HC, Huang HM, Jeng JH, Lee SY. Comparison of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-b-D-glucoside-induced proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in 2D and 3D culture systems-gene analysis. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:14-29. [PMID: 35028016 PMCID: PMC8740205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Culture environments play a critical role in stem cell expansion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-b-D-glucoside (THSG) on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Materials and methods Human DPSCs were seeded in T25 flasks for 2D cultivation. For the 3D culture system, DPSCs were mixed with microcarriers and cultured in spinner flasks. Cells in both culture systems were treated with THSG, and cell proliferation was determined using a cell counter and a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. In THSG-treated DPSCs, the genes associated with proliferation, adipogenesis, neurogenesis, osteogenesis, pluripotency, oncogenesis, and apoptosis were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results The spinner flask time-dependently improved cell numbers, cell viability, and expansion rates in THSG-treated DPSCs. In both the T25 and spinner flasks, the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of proliferation, osteogenesis, and pluripotent-related genes had a significant maximum expression with 10 μM THSG treatment. However, 0.1 μM of THSG may be the most suitable condition for triggering neurogenesis and adipogenesis gene expression when DPSCs were cultured in spinner flasks. Furthermore, the number of oncogenes and apoptotic genes decreased considerably in the presence of THSG in both the T25 and spinner flasks. Conclusion The spinner flask bioreactor combined with THSG may upregulate proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation in DPSCs. Thus, the combination can be used to mass-produce and cultivate human DPSCs for regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yu Chung
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jan Kuo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Chiu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Activation of Adenosine A 1 Receptor in Ischemic Stroke: Neuroprotection by Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glycoside as an Agonist. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071112. [PMID: 34356346 PMCID: PMC8301086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the main cause of death/disability, posing a great menace to human health. Though efforts to search for therapeutic drugs are ongoing, few of them have succeeded. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) activation could ameliorate ischemic injury, representing a very tempting target for stroke treatment. Tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG), a potent antioxidant from the well-known Chinese herb Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., has been reported to have notable neuroprotective activities but the underlying mechanisms are elusive. This study investigated the mechanism of TSG focusing on A1R. TSG markedly decreased mortality, neurological deficit score, cerebral infarct size and brain water content of MCAO rats, and ameliorated the disorders in purine metabolism, energy metabolism and antioxidative defense system. TSG helped the survival of SH-SY5Y cells in OGD/R by alleviating oxidative stress and glutamate release, and by maintaining calcium homeostasis. TSG effects were abolished by A1R antagonist DPCPX. Docking and binding assays confirmed the binding of TSG with A1R. In addition, TSG upregulated the A1R level lowered by MCAO and OGD/R. The downstream signals of A1R activation, ERK1/2, HIF-1α and NF-κB contributed to the neuroprotection of TSG. Moreover, void of “well-known” cardiovascular side effects of classical A1R agonists, TSG showcased its great potential for stroke treatment.
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Molaei E, Molaei A, Abedi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Nephroprotective activity of natural products against chemical toxicants: The role of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3362-3384. [PMID: 34136201 PMCID: PMC8194945 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy can occur following exposure of the kidneys to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation due to intracellular catabolism or exogenous toxicant exposure. Many natural products (NPs) with antioxidant properties have been used to demonstrate that oxidative damage-induced nephrotoxicity can be ameliorated or at least reduced through stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that regulates gene expression of the antioxidant response elements (ARE). Nrf2 is involved in the cellular antioxidant-detoxification machinery. Nrf2 activation is a major mechanism of nephroprotective activity for these NPs, which facilitates its entry into the nucleus, primarily by inhibiting Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The purpose of this article was to review the peer-reviewed literature of NPs that have shown mitigating effects on renal disorder by stimulating Nrf2 and thereby suggesting potential new therapeutic or prophylactic strategies against kidney-damaging xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Molaei
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Ali Molaei
- Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Farshad Abedi
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterInstitute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Hu YH, Li DK, Quan ZY, Wang CY, Zhou M, Sun ZX. Exploration of components and mechanisms of Polygoni Multiflori Radix-induced hepatotoxicity using siRNA -mediated CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 knockdown liver cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113845. [PMID: 33485974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygoni Multiflori Radix, the dried root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., and its processed products have been used as restoratives for centuries in China. However, the reports of Polygoni Multiflori Radix-induced liver injury (PMR-ILI) have received wide attention in recent years, and the components and mechanism of PMR-ILI are not completely clear yet. Our previous studies found that the PMR-ILI was related to the down-regulation of some drug metabolism enzymes (DME). AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effect of the inhibition of CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 on PMR-ILI, screen the relevant hepatotoxic components and unveil its mechanism. METHODS RT-qPCR was used to detect the effects of water extract of Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) and its main components on the mRNA expression of CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 in human hepatic parenchyma cell line L02. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to detect the content of major components in the PMR. And then, the stable CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 knockdown cells were generated using short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) in L02 and HepaRG cells. Hepatotoxic components were identified by cell viability assay when PMR and its four representative components, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene glycoside (TSG), emodin (EM), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (EG), and gallic acid (GA), acted on CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 knockdown cell lines. The PMR-ILI mechanism of oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in L02 and HepaRG cells were detected by flow cytometry. Finally, the network toxicology prediction analysis was employed to excavate the targets of its possible toxic components and the influence on the metabolic pathway. RESULTS PMR and EM significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 in L02 cells, while TSG and GA activated the mRNA expression of CYP3A4 and UGT1A1, and EG activated CYP3A4 expression while inhibited UGT1A1 expression. The contents of TSG, EG, EM and GA were 34.93 mg/g, 1.39 mg/g, 0.43 mg/g and 0.44 mg/g, respectively. The CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 knockdown cells were successfully constructed in both L02 and HepaRG cells. Low expression of CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 increased PMR cytotoxicity remarkably. Same as PMR, the toxicity of EM and GA increased in shCYP3A4 and shUGT1A1 cells, which suggested EM and GA may be the main components of hepatotoxicity in PMR. Besides, EM not only inhibited the expression of metabolic enzymes but also reduced the cytotoxicity threshold. EM and GA affected the level of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+ concentration, and dose-dependent induced hepatocyte apoptosis in L02 and HepaRG cells. The network toxicology analysis showed that PMR-ILI was related to drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, glutathione metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. CONCLUSION The inhibition of mRNA expression of CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 enhanced hepatotoxicity of PMR. EM and GA, especially EM, may be the main hepatotoxic components in PMR. The mechanism of PMR, EM and GA induced hepatotoxicity was proved to be related to elevated levels of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, Ca2+ concentration, and induction of apoptosis in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Huan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Deng-Ke Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Quan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhen-Xiao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Lin CY, Tsai MS, Kuo PJ, Chin YT, Weng IT, Wu Y, Huang HM, Hsiung CN, Lin HY, Lee SY. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside promotes the effects of dental pulp stem cells on rebuilding periodontal tissues in experimental periodontal defects. J Periodontol 2020; 92:306-316. [PMID: 32790879 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the regenerative effects of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG)-treated human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) on the healing of experimental periodontal defects in rats. METHODS The maxillary first molars of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were extracted, and after healing, bilateral periodontal defects were surgically created mesially in second molars. The defects were treated with Matrigel (as control), DPSC, or DPSC + THSG. After 2 weeks, the healed defects were evaluated using microcomputed tomography and through histological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS In the microcomputed tomography analysis, more new bone formation in the DPSC and DPSC + THSG groups was observed compared with the control group. The periodontal bone supporting ratio in site with DPSC + THSG was significantly higher than that in DPSC. Histologically, an enhanced new bone formation and more significant periodontal attachment were observed in the DPSC + THSG group. The expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteopontin (OPN) in the DPSC + THSG group were significantly greater than those in other groups. CONCLUSIONS THSG-revolutionized DPSCs significantly shortened the regenerative period of periodontal defects by enhancing the cell recruitment and possibly the angiogenesis in rat models, which illustrate the critical implications for a clinical application and provide a novel tactic for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shi Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jan Kuo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Tsen Weng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Hsiung
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Otoprotective Effect of 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2- O-β-d-Glucoside on Gentamicin-Induced Apoptosis in Mouse Cochlear UB/OC-2 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133070. [PMID: 32640539 PMCID: PMC7412181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to mitochondrial damage and apoptotic cell death in gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG), a bioactive constituent, isolated from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., exhibits numerous biological benefits in treating aging-related diseases by suppressing oxidative damage. However, its protective effect on gentamicin-induced ototoxicity remains unexplored. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate the otoprotective effect of THSG on gentamicin-induced apoptosis in mouse cochlear UB/OC-2 cells. We evaluated the effect of gentamicin and THSG on the ROS level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear condensation, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was assessed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying its preventive effects. The findings demonstrated that gentamicin increased ROS generation, LDH release, and promoted apoptotic cell death in UB/OC-2 cells. However, THSG treatment reversed these effects by suppressing ROS production and downregulating the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Additionally, it increased the SOD activity, decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, alleviated the levels of the apoptotic cells, and impaired cytotoxicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that THSG could be a potential therapeutic option to attenuate gentamicin-induced ototoxicity.
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Shin JY, Choi YH, Kim J, Park SY, Nam YJ, Lee SY, Jeon JH, Jin MH, Lee S. Polygonum multiflorum extract support hair growth by elongating anagen phase and abrogating the effect of androgen in cultured human dermal papilla cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:144. [PMID: 32398000 PMCID: PMC7218528 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play a key role in hair growth among the various cell types in hair follicles. Especially, DPCs determine the fate of hair follicle such as anagen to telogen transition and play a pivotal role in androgenic alopecia (AGA). This study was performed to elucidate the hair growth promoting effects of Polygonum multiflorum extract (PM extract) in cultured human DPCs and its underlying mechanisms. Methods The effects of PM extract on cultured DPCs were investigated. Cell viability and mitochondrial activity were measured by CCK-8 and JC-1 analysis, respectively. Western blotting, dot blotting, ELISA analysis, immunocytochemistry and real-time PCR analysis were also performed to elucidate the changes in protein and mRNA levels induced by PM extract. 3D cultured DPC spheroids were constructed for mimicking the in vivo DPs. The hair growth stimulatory effect of PM extract was evaluated using human hair follicle organ culture model. Results PM extract increased the viability and mitochondrial activity in cultured human DPCs in a dose dependent manner. The expression of Bcl2, an anti-apoptotic protein expressed dominantly in anagen was significantly increased and that of BAD, a pro-apoptotic protein expressed in early catagen was decreased by PM extract in cultured DPCs and/or 3D DPC spheroid culture. PM extract also decreased the expression of catagen inducing protein, Dkk-1. Growth factors including IGFBP2, PDGF and VEGF were increased by PM extract, revealed by dot blot protein analysis. We also have found that PM extract could reverse the androgenic effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent androgen. Finally, PM extract prolonged the anagen of human hair follicles by inhibiting catagen entry in human hair follicle organ culture model. Conclusion Our data strongly suggest that PM extract could promote hair growth by elongating the anagen and/or delaying the catagen induction of hair follicles through activation of DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Shin
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Choi
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Kim
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Se Young Park
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - You Jin Nam
- Department of biotechnology, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Jeon
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Mu Hyun Jin
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Research Park, LG Household & Healthcare Ltd, 70, Magokjoongang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07795, South Korea.
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A review on the extraction, purification, detection, and pharmacological effects of 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside from Polygonum multiflorum. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wu TY, Lin JN, Luo ZY, Hsu CJ, Wang JS, Wu HP. 2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2- O-β-D-Glucoside (THSG) Activates the Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway and Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in Mouse Cochlear UB/OC-2 Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030465. [PMID: 32197448 PMCID: PMC7175305 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hearing loss, and 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG) exerts antioxidant effects by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. With the aim of developing new therapeutic strategies for oxidative stress, this study investigated the protective mechanism of THSG in vitro using a normal mouse cochlear cell line (UB/OC-2). The THSG and ascorbic acid have similar free radical scavenger capacities. H2O2, but not THSG, reduced the UB/OC-2 cell viability. Moreover, H2O2 might induce apoptosis and autophagy by inducing morphological changes, as visualized by microscopy. As evidenced by Western blot analysis and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, THSG might decrease H2O2-induced autophagy. According to a Western blotting analysis and Annexin V/PI and JC-1 staining, THSG might protect cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, THSG enhanced the translocation of nucleus factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and increased the mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes under H2O2-induced oxidative stress conditions. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that THSG, as a scavenging agent, can directly attenuate free radicals and upregulate antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes to protect against oxidative damage and show that THSG protects UB/OC-2 cells from H2O2-induced autophagy and apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ni Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan; (J.-N.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
| | - Zi-Yao Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan; (J.-N.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
| | - Chuan-Jen Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan; (J.-N.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shu Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan; (J.-N.L.); (Z.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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25
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Li XX, Yu Y, Lang XY, Jiang CY, Lan R, Qin XY. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside Restores BDNF-TrkB and FGF2-Akt Signaling Axis to Attenuate Stress-induced Depression. Neuroscience 2020; 430:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Venkataraman B, Ojha S, Belur PD, Bhongade B, Raj V, Collin PD, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Phytochemical drug candidates for the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in inflammatory bowel diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1530-1549. [PMID: 32009281 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based compounds or phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and polyphenols have been used extensively in traditional medicine for centuries and more recently in Western alternative medicine. Extensive evidence suggests that consumption of dietary polyphenolic compounds lowers the risk of inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of several phytochemicals are mediated through ligand-inducible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly the PPARγ transcription factor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is represented by ulcerative colitis, which occurs in the mucosa of the colon and rectum, and Crohn's disease (CD) that can involve any segment of gastrointestinal tract. Because of the lack of cost-effective pharmaceutical treatment options, many IBD patients seek and use alternative and unconventional therapies to alleviate their symptoms. PPARγ plays a role in the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression and activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells. The phytochemicals reported here are ligands that activate PPARγ, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. PPARγ is highly expressed in the gut making it a potential therapeutic target for IBDs. This review summarizes the effects of the currently published phytochemicals that modulate the PPARγ pathway and reduce or eliminate colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Bhoomendra Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Yu W, Zhao J, Li W, Zheng Y, Zhu J, Liu J, Liu R, Wang Z, Wang X, Hai C. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside alleviated the acute hepatotoxicity and DNA damage in diethylnitrosamine-contaminated mice. Life Sci 2020; 243:117274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lin CY, Kuo PJ, Chin YT, Weng IT, Lee HW, Huang HM, Lin HY, Hsiung CN, Chan YH, Lee SY. Dental Pulp Stem Cell Transplantation with 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside Accelerates Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Rats. J Endod 2019; 45:435-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Folch J, Busquets O, Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Pallàs M, Beas-Zarate C, Marin M, Casadesus G, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Camins A. Experimental Models for Aging and their Potential for Novel Drug Discovery. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1466-1483. [PMID: 28685671 PMCID: PMC6295931 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170707155345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An interesting area of scientific research is the development of potential antiaging drugs. In order to pursue this goal, it is necessary to gather the specific knowledge about the adequate preclinical models that are available to evaluate the beneficial effects of new potential drugs. This review is focused on invertebrate and vertebrate preclinical models used to evaluate the efficacy of antiaging compounds, with the objective to extend life span and health span. Methods: Research and online content related to aging, antiaging drugs, experimental aging models is reviewed. Moreover, in this review, the main experimental preclinical models of organisms that have contributed to the research in the pharmacol-ogy of lifespan extension and the understanding of the aging process are discussed. Results: Dietary restriction (DR) constitutes a common experimental process to extend life span in all organisms. Besides, classical antiaging drugs such as resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin denominated as DR mimetics are also discussed. Likewise, the main therapeutic targets of these drugs include sirtuins, IGF-1, and mTOR, all of them being modulated by DR. Conclusion: Advances in molecular biology have uncovered the potential molecular pathways involved in the aging process. Due to their characteristics, invertebrate models are mainly used for drug screening. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) developed the Interventions Testing Program (ITP). At the pre-clinical level, the ITP uses Heterogeneous mouse model (HET) which is probably the most suitable rodent model to study potential drugs against aging prevention. The accelerated-senescence mouse P8 is also a mammalian rodent model for aging research. However, when evaluating the effect of drugs on a preclinical level, the evaluation must be done in non-human primates since it is the mammalian specie closest to humans. Research is needed to investigate the impact of new potential drugs for the increase of human quality of
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marin
- Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
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Zhang L, Chen J. Biological Effects of Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside: An Active Component of a Rhizome Extracted from Polygonum multiflorum. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3641960. [PMID: 30524653 PMCID: PMC6247474 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3641960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used in the Orient as a tonic and antiaging agent. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG, C20H22O9, FW = 406.38928) is one of the active components extracted from PM. TSG is an antioxidant agent, which exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities in vivo and in vitro. The antioxidant effect of TSG is achieved by its radical-scavenging effects. TSG can inhibit apoptosis and protect neuronal cells against injury through multifunctional cytoprotective pathways. TSG performs prophylactic and therapeutic activities against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. It is also antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory. However, the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological activities are unclear. This study aimed at reviewing experimental studies and describing the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of TSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jianzong Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside Reverses Stress-Induced Depression via Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9501427. [PMID: 30327715 PMCID: PMC6169245 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9501427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic mental disease that adversely affects human mood and cognition. Many first-line antidepressant drugs have high rates of partial responsiveness or nonresponsiveness with side effects, and finding more effective drugs for the treatment of depression is therefore urgently needed. THSG, a main active compound of the traditional Chinese herb Polygonum multiflorum, reportedly acts as a neuroprotective agent. This study aimed to illustrate whether THSG prevents depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) in an MDD mouse model. Our results demonstrated that the peripheral administration of different THSG doses (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg) reversed the depressive-like behaviors in CRS mice as measured by the tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and open-field test. Further analyses suggested that THSG treatment reduced oxidative stress in both the central and peripheral nervous systems of CRS mice. In addition, heightened inflammatory responses, demonstrated by the increased expression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), in hippocampal and prefrontal cortex tissues of CRS mice were inhibited by THSG administration. THSG also restored the diminished Akt signaling pathway in the brains of CRS mice. Moreover, our data suggest increased astrocyte proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of CRS mice after THSG treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrated an antidepressant effect of THSG in a mouse model of MDD for the first time, and oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways were determined to play roles in this effect.
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Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Oxidative Stress-Associated Liver Injury Induced by Chinese Herbal Medicine: An Experimental Evidence-Based Literature Review and Network Pharmacology Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092745. [PMID: 30217028 PMCID: PMC6165031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as a disequilibrium between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, can result in histopathological lesions with a broad spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma in an orchestrated manner. Although cells are equipped with sophisticated strategies to maintain the redox biology under normal conditions, the abundance of redox-sensitive xenobiotics, such as medicinal ingredients originated from herbs or animals, can dramatically invoke oxidative stress. Growing evidence has documented that the hepatotoxicity can be triggered by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) during treating various diseases. Meanwhile, TCM-dependent hepatic disorder represents a strong correlation with oxidative stress, especially the persistent accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Of note, since TCM-derived compounds with their modulated targets are greatly diversified among themselves, it is complicated to elaborate the potential pathological mechanism. In this regard, data mining approaches, including network pharmacology and bioinformatics enrichment analysis have been utilized to scientifically disclose the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, top 10 principal TCM-modulated targets for oxidative hepatotoxicity including superoxide dismutases (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Bax, caspase-3, Bcl-2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and nitric oxide (NO) have been identified. Furthermore, hepatic metabolic dysregulation may be the predominant pathological mechanism involved in TCM-induced hepatotoxic impairment.
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Polygonum multiflorum Extract Exerts Antioxidative Effects and Increases Life Span and Stress Resistance in the Model Organism Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16 and SIR-2.1. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7030060. [PMID: 30036983 PMCID: PMC6160924 DOI: 10.3390/plants7030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of the Chinese plant Polygonum multiflorum (PME) are used for medicinal purposes as well as food supplement due to anti-aging effects. Despite of the common use of these food supplements, experimental data on physiological effects of PME and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo are limited. We used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze anti-aging-effects of PME in vivo (life span, lipofuscin accumulation, oxidative stress resistance, thermal stress resistance) as well as the molecular signaling pathways involved. The effects of PME were examined in wildtype animals and mutants defective in the sirtuin-homologue SIR-2.1 (VC199) and the FOXO-homologue DAF-16 (CF1038). PME possesses antioxidative effects in vivo and increases oxidative stress resistance of the nematodes. While the accumulation of lipofuscin is only slightly decreased, PME causes a significant elongation (18.6%) of mean life span. DAF-16 is essential for the reduction of thermally induced ROS accumulation, while the resistance against paraquat-induced oxidative stress is dependent on SIR-2.1. For the extension of the life span, both DAF-16 and SIR-2.1 are needed. We demonstrate that PME exerts protective effects in C. elegans via modulation of distinct intracellular pathways.
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Zhou Y, Wang G, Li D, Wang Y, Wu Q, Shi J, Zhang F. Dual modulation on glial cells by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside protects against dopamine neuronal loss. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:161. [PMID: 29801454 PMCID: PMC5970496 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is recognized to mainly contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) has been proved to be beneficial for health with a great number of pharmacological properties. We examined the effects of TSG against dopamine (DA) neuronal loss towards development of a PD treatment strategy. Methods Substantia nigral stereotaxic single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat DA neuronal damage was employed to investigate TSG-produced neuroprotection. In addition, primary rat midbrain neuron-glia co-cultures were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results Daily intraperitoneal injection of TSG for seven consecutive days significantly attenuated LPS-induced loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra. In addition, glia-dependent mechanisms were responsible for TSG-mediated neuroprotection. First, TSG ameliorated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and the subsequent production of various pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic factors. Second, astroglial neurotrophic factor neutralization weakened TSG-mediated neuroprotection, showing that TSG was protective in part via increasing astroglia-derived neurotrophic factor secretion. Conclusions TSG protects DA neurons against LPS-induced neurotoxicity through dual modulation on glial cells by attenuating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and enhancing astroglia-derived neurotrophic effects. These findings might open new alternative avenues for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,Department of Ear-Nose-Throat Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Daidi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Yang J, Guo X, Liu W, Ma S, Li S. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: A Review on Chemical Analysis, Processing Mechanism, Quality Evaluation, and Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:364. [PMID: 29713283 PMCID: PMC5912012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and its processed products have been used in China for centuries due to their multiple beneficial effects to human body. Currently, liver injuries caused by taking P. multiflorum have been reported worldwide, but the potential toxic components and possible mechanism that caused hepatotoxicity remain unclear. It is worth noting that the processing procedure could significantly decrease the toxicity of raw P. multiflorum and the processed products of P. multiflorum are considered to be relatively safe. However, the processing mechanism is still ambiguous, and there is the lack of a scientific approach to control the quality of P. multiflorum praeparata. This study is the first review that summarizes the recently advances (from 2007 to 2017) in the chemical analysis of P. multiflorum, and provides comprehensive information on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of P. multiflorum as well as its related species. In addition, the processing mechanism and quality evaluation of processed P. multiflorum are discussed. Moreover, the toxicity of P. multiflorum is analyzed from the perspectives of exploration of the proposed toxic ingredients, metabolite identification, metabolomics studies, and exogenous contaminant determination. Furthermore, trends and perspectives for future research of this medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxi Liu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Tsai PW, Lee YH, Chen LG, Lee CJ, Wang CC. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Osteoarthritis Effects of 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-Glucoside from Polygonum Multiflorum. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030571. [PMID: 29510478 PMCID: PMC6017566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. is a traditional herbal medicine that is rich in polyphenols. The major compound, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG) has many pharmacological activities, such as antioxidative and free radical-scavenging properties, and the abilities to reduce hyperlipidemia, prevent lipid peroxidation, and protect the cardiovascular system. In this study, the anti-osteoarthritis (OA) effects of THSG were explored using in vitro and in vivo models. THSG inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. On the other hand, THSG inhibited PGE₂ production and iNOS and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expressions by interleukin-1β-stimulated primary rat chondrocytes. Through a mono-iodoacetate-induced rat OA model assay, THSG reduced paw edema and improved the weight-bearing distribution. Therefore, THSG has anti-inflammatory activity and could be applied as a lead compound for the development as an OA drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wei Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hui Lee
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- PhD Program for Clinical Drug Discovery of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- PhD Program for Clinical Drug Discovery of Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Lin EY, Bayarsengee U, Wang CC, Chiang YH, Cheng CW. The natural compound 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d glucoside protects against adriamycin-induced nephropathy through activating the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:72-82. [PMID: 29064158 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG) is an active compound extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. This herb and radix Polygoni Multiflori preparata have been used to treat arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes for thousands of years. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of THSG in an Adriamycin (AD)-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) mouse model and the underlying mechanisms in an in vitro system. Mice were treated with THSG (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, oral gavage) for 24 consecutive days. On the third day, mice were intravenously given a single dose of AD (10 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, plasma and kidney samples were harvested to evaluate the therapeutic effects of THSG. The potential mechanisms of THSG in protecting against AD-induced cytotoxicity were examined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblots, lactate dehydrogenase assay, and a cellular oxidized-thiol detection system in a mouse mesangial cell line. In this study, THSG showed concentration-dependent protective effects in ameliorating the progression of AD-induced FSGS. THSG suppressed albuminuria and hypercholesterolemia and reduced the status of lipid peroxidation in urine, plasma, and kidney tissue samples. Furthermore, THSG protected against podocyte damage, reduced renal fibrotic gene expressions, and alleviated the severity of glomerulosclerosis. Treatment of mouse mesangial cells with THSG induced nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, increased heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)-1 gene expressions, and reduced cellular thiol oxidation and resistance to AD-induced cytotoxicity. Silencing Nrf2 and its repressor protein, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), abolished these protective effects of THSG. In conclusion, THSG can play a protective role in ameliorating the progression of FSGS in a mouse model through activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant pathway. Although a well-designed therapeutic study is needed, THSG may be applied to manage chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Yuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Uyanga Bayarsengee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shastin Central Hospital in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen X, Tang K, Peng Y, Xu X. 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glycoside attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice: role of reverse cholesterol transport. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:8-17. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of 2,3,4′,5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (TSG) on the development of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE−/− mice, and explore the mechanisms involved. Our data showed that after 8 weeks of treatment, TSG ameliorated serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in ApoE−/− mice. TSG suppressed hepatic steatosis, the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, and the formation of macrophage foam cells in ApoE−/− mice. Moreover, TSG improved the expressions of hepatic SR-BI, ABCG5, and CYP7A1, and up-regulated the protein expressions of aortic ABCA1 and ABCG1. An in-vitro study showed that TSG promoted macrophage cholesterol efflux and increased the protein expressions of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Our findings provide evidence for a positive role of TSG in preventing atherosclerosis by promoting reverse cholesterol transport. These effects may be achieved by stimulating cholesterol efflux through ABCA1 and ABCG1, promoting SR-BI-mediated cholesterol uptake in the liver, increasing secretion of cholesterol into bile by ABCG5, and improving cholesterol metabolism by the CYP7A1 pathway. In addition, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of TSG may also contribute to its inhibitory effects on atherosclerosis. Further study is needed to investigate whether other potential mechanisms are involved in TSG-mediated atheroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong 226001, China
| | - XiaoLe Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong 226001, China
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Li W, Sun R, Zhou S, Ma J, Xie Y, Xu B, Long H, Luo K, Fang K. 2,3,5,4'‑Tetrahydroxystilbene‑2‑O‑β‑D‑glucoside inhibits septic serum‑induced inflammatory injury via interfering with the ROS‑MAPK‑NF‑κB signaling pathway in pulmonary aortic endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1643-1650. [PMID: 29286092 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by injury to the microvasculature and the microvascular endothelial cells, leading to barrier dysfunction. However, the specific role of injury in septic endothelial barrier dysfunction remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was hypothesized that endothelial cell inflammatory injury is likely required for barrier dysfunction under septic conditions in vitro. 2,3,5,4'‑Tetrahydroxystilbene‑2‑O‑β‑D‑glucoside (TSG), a compound extracted from Chinese herbs, is able to inhibit the inflammatory injury of septic‑serum in endothelial cells. In the present study, cell viability was assayed by CCK‑8 method; mRNA and protein expression was identified by RT‑qPCR, western blot or Elisa, respectively and the production of reactive oxygen species was observed by a fluorescence microscope. The present study indicated that septic serum significantly decreased the cell viability of pulmonary aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) following co‑cultivation for 6 h, which occurred in a time‑dependent manner. TSG notably increased the viability of PAECs in a time‑ and concentration‑dependent manner. Further investigations revealed that septic serum increased the secretion of interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and C‑reactive protein in PAECs, whereas pretreatment with TSG significantly decreased the secretion of these inflammatory factors. These data indicated that septic serum increased inflammatory injury to the PAECs, and TSG decreased this injury via the reactive oxygen species‑mitogen‑activated protein kinase‑nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jinluan Ma
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yingguang Xie
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Bingcan Xu
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Huibao Long
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Luo
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat‑Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Kuaifa Fang
- Emergency of ICU, Huiyang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside exacerbates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inducing hepatic expression of CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16511. [PMID: 29184146 PMCID: PMC5705655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity induced by medicinal herb Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. attracts wide attention in the world recently. 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is a main active compound in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. This study aims to observe TSG-provided the aggravation on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by inducing hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) analysis and liver histological evaluation showed that TSG (200, 400, 800 mg/kg) exacerbated the hepatotoxicity induced by sub-toxic dose of APAP (200 mg/kg) in mice, but TSG alone had no hepatotoxicity. TSG aggravated hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and APAP-cysteine adducts (APAP-CYS) formation induced by APAP in mice. TSG increased the expression of CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 both in mice and in human normal liver L-02 hepatocytes. TSG also enhanced liver catalytic activity of CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in mice. TSG induced the nuclear translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), and TSG-provided the aggravation on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice was reversed by PXR or AHR inhibitors. In summary, our results demonstrate that TSG enhances hepatic expression of CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP1A2, and thus exacerbates the hepatotoxicity induced by APAP in mice. PXR and AHR both play some important roles in this process.
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Zhou M, Wu J, Yu Y, Yang Y, Li J, Cui L, Yao W, Liu Y. Polygonum multiflorm alleviates glucocorticoid‑induced osteoporosis and Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:970-978. [PMID: 29115514 PMCID: PMC5780178 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that long-term excessive administration of glucocorticoid (GC) results in osteoporosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Polygonum multiflorm (PM) on the bone tissue of rats with GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO). A total of 90 6-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats (weight range, 190–210 g) were randomly divided into nine groups: Control (normal saline); prednisone (GC; 6 mg·kg−1·d−1; Model); GC plus PMR30 (the 30% ethanol eluent fraction of PM) (H) (400 mg·kg−1·d−1); GC plus PMR30 (M) (200 mg·kg−1·d−1); GC plus PMR30 (L) (100 mg·kg−1·d−1); GC plus PMRF (fat-soluble fraction of PM) (H) (400 mg·kg−1·d−1); GC plus PMRF (M) (200 mg·kg−1·d−1); GC plus PMRF (L) (100 mg·kg−1·d−1); GC plus calcitriol (CAL; 0.045 µg·kg−1·d−1; positive). Rats were administered intragastrically with prednisone and/or the aforementioned extracts for 120 days, and weighed once/week. The serum was collected for detection of biochemical markers. The left tibia was used for bone histomorphometry analysis. The right tibia was prepared for hematoxylin and eosin staining. The left femur was used to analyze the protein expression of dickkopf-1 (DKK1), WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) and secreted frizzled related protein 4 using western blotting. Long-term excessive treatment of prednisone inhibited the bone formation rate accompanied with a decrease in bone mass, growth plate, body weight, and the level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyl-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen in the serum. Furthermore, a simultaneously increase in the level of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b and cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the serum, in addition to DKK1, and WIF1 protein expression, was observed. PMR30 (M and L) and PMRF (H) groups were able to reduce the negative effects of GC on the bones. PMR30 (M and L) and PMRF (H) dose demonstrated a protective effect of PM on bone tissue in GIO rats. The mechanism underlying the preventive effect of PM for the treatment of GIO may be associated with direct upregulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Jingkai Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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Wu J, Hu W, Gong Y, Wang P, Tong L, Chen X, Chen Z, Xu X, Yao W, Zhang W, Huang C. Current pharmacological developments in 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG). Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:21-29. [PMID: 28545778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), a resveratrol analog with glucoside, is purified from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine polygonum multiflorum. It has been extensively studied in last decade and known to exert strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging activities, and therefore has been listed as a potential agent for disease therapies. Recent studies extend well-beyond effects of TSG on the injury of neurons, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, and report important functions of TSG in a lot of pathophysiological conditions. For example, TSG has been shown to prevent the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia and macrophages in vitro, and ameliorate pro-inflammatory responses in animal models with neurodegeneration, atherosclerosis, and rat paw or ear oedema. TSG can prevent the proliferation of vascular smooth cells, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, platelet aggregation, osteoblastic injury, diabetic nephropathy and melanogenesis. TSG is also indicated to facilitate long-term potentiation and learning and memory in both normal and pathological conditions. These effects to some extent enrich the understanding about the role of TSG in disease prevention and therapy. However, to date, we still have no outlined knowledges about the pharmacological effects of TSG, though the role of TSG in aging and Alzheimer's disease has been reviewed in recent years. Here, we summarize the current pharmacological developments of TSG as well as its possible mechanisms in disease prevention and therapy, aiming to push the understanding about the protective role of TSG as well as its preclinical assessment of novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangfan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaole Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University,#19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target of Jiangsu Province, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O- β-D-glucoside Promotes Expression of the Longevity Gene Klotho. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3128235. [PMID: 27885332 PMCID: PMC5112329 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3128235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The longevity gene klotho has numerous physiological functions, such as regulating calcium and phosphorus levels, delaying senescence, improving cognition, reducing oxidative stress, and protecting vascular endothelial cells. This study tested whether 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), a small molecule with antiaging effects, regulates the expression and physiological effects of klotho. Our results showed that THSG dose-dependently increased the luciferase reporter activity of the klotho gene, reversed the decrease in mRNA and protein expression of klotho which was induced by angiotensin II in NRK-52E renal tubular epithelial cells, and increased klotho mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, testis, and kidney medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats. THSG also reduced the number of senescent cells induced by angiotensin II and improved the antioxidant capacity and enhanced the bone strength in vivo. Based on klotho's role in promoting cognition, regulating bone metabolism, and improving renal function, the effect of THSG on klotho expression will be beneficial to the functional improvement or enhancement of the expressed organs or tissues.
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