1
|
Onsoi W, Numsriskulrat N, Aroonparkmongkol S, Supornsilchai V, Srilanchakon K. Kisspeptin and DLK1 levels for monitoring treatment of girls with central precocious puberty. Clin Exp Pediatr 2024; 67:296-302. [PMID: 38772409 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin and delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) are neuropeptides that reportedly play an important role in pubertal timing by activating and inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, respectively. Consequently, serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels may be novel biomarkers for differentiating between central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) in girls and used to monitor CPP treatment. PURPOSE To compare baseline serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels in girls with CPP at diagnosis and after treatment to age-matched girls with PT. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study included girls with precocious puberty and girls with PT who experienced breast development before 8 years of age and peak luteinizing hormone levels of ≥6 versus <6 IU/L after a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test. Serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels were determined in both groups at baseline and after 6 months of GnRH analog treatment in the CPP group and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The study divided a total of 48 girls into CPP (n=24; mean age, 7.7±0.7 years) and PT (n=24; mean age, 7.4±0.8 years) groups. The baseline median serum kisspeptin levels were 50.5 pg/mL (range, 38.2-77 pg/mL) and 49.5 pg/mL (range, 39.7-67.6 pg/mL), respectively (P=0.89), while the baseline median serum DLK1 levels were 6.5 ng/mL (range, 5.9-7.5 ng/mL) and 6 ng/mL (4.4-14.4 ng/mL), respectively (P=0.68). After 6 months of GnRH analog treatment in the CPP group, the median serum kisspeptin level was lower (46.4 ng/mL; range, 37.1-60 ng/mL) than that at baseline (P=0.002), while the median serum DLK1 level was higher (7 ng/mL; range, 6.7-8.9) than that at baseline (P=0.002). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that baseline serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels are not reliable biomarkers for differentiating between CPP and PT. However, significant changes in serum kisspeptin and DLK1 levels may be used to monitor CPP treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Witchuwan Onsoi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattakarn Numsriskulrat
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suphab Aroonparkmongkol
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vichit Supornsilchai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khomsak Srilanchakon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banerjee AA, Bhanarkar SR, Keshwani R, Pande S, Modi DN, Mehta A, Bombe S, Pathak BR, Joshi B, Tandon D, Patil A, Begum S, Chauhan S, Mahale SD, Rao S, Surve SV. Relevance of augmented kisspeptin signaling through H 364 KISS1R in central precocious puberty. Gene 2024; 895:148016. [PMID: 37981083 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is essential, in view of its consequences on reproductive health and metabolic disorders in later life. Towards this, estimation of circulating levels of the neuropeptides, viz; Kisspeptin (Kp-10), Neurokinin B (NKB) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY), acting upstream to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), has shown promise. Insights can also be gained from functional studies on genetic variations implicated in ICPP. This study investigated the pathophysiology of ICPP in a girl by exploring the therapeutic relevance of the circulating levels of Kp-10, NKB, NPY and characterizing the nonsynonymous KISS1R variant, L364H, that she harbours, in a homozygous condition. Plasma levels of Kp-10, NKB and NPY before and after GnRH analog (GnRHa) treatment, were determined by ELISA. It was observed that GnRHa treatment resulted in suppression of circulating levels of Kp-10, NKB and NPY. Further, the H364 variant in KISS1R was generated by site directed mutagenesis. Post transient transfection of either L364 or H364 KISS1R variant in CHO cells, receptor expression was ascertained by western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Kp-10 stimulated signalling response was also determined by phospho-ERK and inositol phosphate production. Structure-function studies revealed that, although the receptor expression in H364 KISS1R was comparable to L364 KISS1R, there was an enhanced signalling response through this variant at high doses of Kp-10. Thus, elevated levels of Kp-10, acting through H364 KISS1R, contributed to the manifestation of ICPP, providing further evidence that dysregulation of Kp-10/KISS1R axis impacts the onset of puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antara A Banerjee
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Shital R Bhanarkar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Rachna Keshwani
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital For Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Shailesh Pande
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Deepak N Modi
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Amrita Mehta
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital For Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Shweta Bombe
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Bhakti R Pathak
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Beena Joshi
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Deepti Tandon
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Shahina Begum
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sanjay Chauhan
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Smita D Mahale
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sudha Rao
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital For Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.
| | - Suchitra V Surve
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Podgórski R, Galiniak S, Mazur A, Podgórska D, Domin A. Serum Levels of Hormones Regulating Appetite in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:4215. [PMID: 37836499 PMCID: PMC10574197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the cause of impaired growth and a wide range of developmental and behavioral disorders in the child. Improper eating patterns are commonly associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and may contribute to poor nutrition and growth restriction. To date, there have been only a few studies investigating the hormonal regulation of appetite in patients with FASD. We analyzed the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti signaling protein (ASP), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and kisspeptin (KISS1) in 57 patients with FASD and 23 healthy controls. A comparison of the hormone levels studied was also performed in subgroups of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND PAE), as well as in males and females. We have found no differences in hormone levels tested between affected individuals and the controls and between FASD subgroups. In addition, sex had no effect on hormone levels. However, we identified some associations between hormone concentrations and parameters describing the clinical status of patients with FASD. Most of them concerned ASP, which has shown a positive correlation with age and hormones involved in appetite and metabolism, such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We have also found a negative correlation of α-MSH with age, BMI percentile, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, we found a weak negative correlation of NPY with HbA1c. Although FASD has been associated with impaired child growth and development, including nutrition and puberty onset, we did not identify differences in the levels of the hormones studied, which may suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure does not affect the levels of these metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Sabina Galiniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Artur Mazur
- Department of Pediatric, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Dominika Podgórska
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Domin
- Department of Pediatric, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.M.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu R, Feng J, Liang C, Song G, Yan Y. Effects of high-fat diet and treadmill running on the hypothalamic Kiss-1-GPR54 signaling pathway in male growing rats. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:641-652. [PMID: 36001287 PMCID: PMC9712360 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kiss-1 neuron, one of the metabolic sensors in the hypothalamus, is necessary for puberty initiation. It acts through G protein-coupled receptor, known as GPR54. In this study, the mechanism of the hypothalamic Kiss-1-GPR54 signaling pathway in a high-fat diet and exercise was investigated in growing male rats. METHODS A total of 135 3-week-old male weaned rats were kept on a high-fat diet (HFD) and exercise (60-70% [Formula: see text], 1 h/day, 5 days/week). They were randomly divided, as follows: control group (C); normal diet + exercise group (CE); HFD group (H); and HFD + exercise group (HE). Hypothalamus, testis, and serum samples of each group were collected on postnatal day (PND) 21 (early childhood), 43 (puberty), and 56 (maturity). Immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and chemiluminescent immunoassays were used in the study. ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of age (PNDs 21, 43, and 56), exercise (exercise and sedentariness), and diet (high-fat and normal) on the biological indices of rats. RESULTS mRNA and protein expression of Kiss-1 and GPR54 in the hypothalamus gradually increased along with growth and peaked at PND 43, while those in serum testosterone increased and peaked at PND 56. The high-fat diet increased the expression of the Kiss-1-GPR54 system in the hypothalamus, whereas the serum testosterone decreased during different stages of growth. Exercise decreased the expression of Kiss-1 at PND 56 and increased it at PND 43. Meanwhile, it decreased testosterone and the deposition of lipid droplets in the testis at all ages of development. CONCLUSIONS The expression of Kiss-1-GPR54 in male rats showed fluctuating changes during growth and development. The high-fat diet was able to upregulate the expression of the Kiss-1-GPR54 system in the hypothalamus. The exercise was able to correct the adverse effect of the high-fat diet on the Kiss-1-GPR54 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus and the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, but had age-specific effects on the male rats' development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Ge Song
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aydin BK, Stenlid R, Ciba I, Cerenius SY, Dahlbom M, Bergsten P, Nergårdh R, Forslund A. High levels of FSH before puberty are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome during pubertal transition. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12906. [PMID: 35226970 PMCID: PMC9541214 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During perimenopause, the rise in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with increased adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, data for the pubertal period, which is characterized by increasing FSH levels and changing body composition, are limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships between FSH and anthropometric changes, IR markers, and development of MetS in the peripubertal period. METHODS Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Childhood Obesity (ULSCO) is an ongoing study that aims to understand the factors contributing to childhood obesity and the development of obesity-related diseases. We analysed the subset of participants who were prepubertal at the first visit (n = 95, 77 with obesity). Mean follow-up time was 3.0 ± 1.4 years. RESULTS Higher serum FSH levels at the first visit were associated with an increased likelihood of elevation in body mass index (BMI SDS) (p = 0.025, OR = 16.10) and having MetS (p = 0.044, OR = 4.67) at the follow-up. We observed nonlinear relationships between varying serum FSH levels and markers of adiposity and IR, especially in girls. At the first visit, when girls were prepubertal, FSH was negatively associated with BMI (β = -0.491, p = 0.005) and positively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (β = 0.625, p = 0.002). With the progression of puberty, negative associations between BMI and SHBG disappeared while FSH became positively associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.678, p = 0.025) and fasting insulin (β = 0.668, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum FSH levels in prepubertal children were associated with an increased risk of MetS development during pubertal transition. Along with nonlinear associations between varying serum FSH levels and IR markers, our results might imply a relationship between FSH and IR of puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banu Kucukemre Aydin
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Sara Y. Cerenius
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Marie Dahlbom
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Ricard Nergårdh
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sexual Dimorphism in Kisspeptin Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071146. [PMID: 35406710 PMCID: PMC8997554 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP) and kisspeptin receptor (KPR) are essential for the onset of puberty, development of gonads, and maintenance of gonadal function in both males and females. Hypothalamic KPs and KPR display a high degree of sexual dimorphism in expression and function. KPs act on KPR in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and induce distinct patterns of GnRH secretion in males and females. GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotropins, which are required for steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in testes and ovaries. Gonadal steroid hormones in turn regulate the KP neurons. Gonadal hormones inhibit the KP neurons within the arcuate nucleus and generate pulsatile GnRH mediated gonadotropin (GPN) secretion in both sexes. However, the numbers of KP neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and preoptic area are greater in females, which release a large amount of KPs in response to a high estrogen level and induce the preovulatory GPN surge. In addition to the hypothalamus, KPs and KPR are also expressed in various extrahypothalamic tissues including the liver, pancreas, fat, and gonads. There is a remarkable difference in circulating KP levels between males and females. An increased level of KPs in females can be linked to increased numbers of KP neurons in female hypothalamus and more KP production in the ovaries and adipose tissues. Although the sexually dimorphic features are well characterized for hypothalamic KPs, very little is known about the extrahypothalamic KPs. This review article summarizes current knowledge regarding the sexual dimorphism in hypothalamic as well as extrahypothalamic KP and KPR system in primates and rodents.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hudson AD, Kauffman AS. Metabolic actions of kisspeptin signaling: Effects on body weight, energy expenditure, and feeding. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 231:107974. [PMID: 34530008 PMCID: PMC8884343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (encoded by the Kiss1 gene) and its receptor, KISS1R (encoded by the Kiss1r gene), have well-established roles in stimulating reproduction via central actions on reproductive neural circuits, but recent evidence suggests that kisspeptin signaling also influences metabolism and energy balance. Indeed, both Kiss1 and Kiss1r are expressed in many metabolically-relevant peripheral tissues, including both white and brown adipose tissue, the liver, and the pancreas, suggesting possible actions on these tissues or involvement in their physiology. In addition, there may be central actions of kisspeptin signaling, or factors co-released from kisspeptin neurons, that modulate metabolic, feeding, or thermoregulatory processes. Accumulating data from animal models suggests that kisspeptin signaling regulates a wide variety of metabolic parameters, including body weight and energy expenditure, adiposity and adipose tissue function, food intake, glucose metabolism, respiratory rates, locomotor activity, and thermoregulation. Herein, the current evidence for the involvement of kisspeptin signaling in each of these physiological parameters is reviewed, gaps in knowledge identified, and future avenues of important research highlighted. Collectively, the discussed findings highlight emerging non-reproductive actions of kisspeptin signaling in metabolism and energy balance, in addition to previously documented roles in reproductive control, but also emphasize the need for more research to resolve current controversies and uncover underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Hudson
- Dept. of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Alexander S Kauffman
- Dept. of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment Decreases Plasma Kisspeptin Levels in GH-Deficient Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143054. [PMID: 34300220 PMCID: PMC8306252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and growth hormone (GH)-deficiency are consistent features of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Centrally, kisspeptin is involved in regulating reproductive function and can stimulate hypothalamic hormones such as GH. Peripherally, kisspeptin signaling influences energy and metabolic status. We evaluated the effect of 12-month GH treatment on plasma kisspeptin levels in 27 GH-deficient adult PWS patients and analyzed its relationship with metabolic and anthropometric changes. Twenty-seven matched obese subjects and 22 healthy subjects were also studied. Before treatment, plasma kisspeptin concentrations in PWS and obese subjects were similar (140.20 (23.5-156.8) pg/mL vs. 141.96 (113.9-165.6) pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.979)) and higher (p = 0.019) than in healthy subjects (124.58 (107.3-139.0) pg/mL); plasma leptin concentrations were similar in PWS and obese subjects (48.15 (28.80-67.10) ng/mL vs. 33.10 (20.50-67.30) ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.152) and higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy subjects (14.80 (11.37-67.30) ng/mL). After GH therapy, lean body mass increased 2.1% (p = 0.03), total fat mass decreased 1.6% (p = 0.005), and plasma kisspeptin decreased to levels observed in normal-weight subjects (125.1(106.2-153.4) pg/mL, p = 0.027). BMI and leptin levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, 12-month GH therapy improved body composition and decreased plasma kisspeptin in GH deficient adults with PWS. All data are expressed in median (interquartile range).
Collapse
|
9
|
Sitticharoon C, Mutirangura P, Chinachoti T, Iamaroon A, Triyasunant N, Churintaraphan M, Keadkraichaiwat I, Maikaew P, Sririwichitchai R. Associations of serum kisspeptin levels with metabolic and reproductive parameters in men. Peptides 2021; 135:170433. [PMID: 33129892 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central kisspeptin action is well known in reproductive regulation; however, its peripheral action is not well understood. This study aimed to 1) compare serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kisspeptin levels between different body mass index (BMI) groups 2) compare the levels of kisspeptin between serum and CSF, and 3) determine correlations between serum or CSF kisspeptin levels with clinical, metabolic, and reproductive parameters. There were 40 male subjects undergoing operations with lumbar puncture anesthesia. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare between the normal (n = 12), overweight (n = 10), and obese groups (n = 17). One lean subject was recruited for correlation analysis. Serum kisspeptin levels were significantly higher in the obese group when compared to the normal weight and overweight groups even after adjusting for age or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.05 all). Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the obese group when compared to the normal weight and overweight groups (p < 0.05 all). CSF kisspeptin levels were below the minimum detectable concentration for the assay (<0.06 ng/mL). Serum kisspeptin was positively correlated with body weight, BMI, plasma insulin, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum leptin but was negatively correlated with plasma LH (p < 0.05 all). In conclusion, serum kisspeptin was related to obesity, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, while CSF kisspeptin was below the limits of detection. Thus, peripheral kisspeptin might have a role in metabolic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantacha Sitticharoon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thitima Chinachoti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arissara Iamaroon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Namtip Triyasunant
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Malika Churintaraphan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Issarawan Keadkraichaiwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pailin Maikaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Sririwichitchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chatree S, Sitticharoon C, Maikaew P, Pongwattanapakin K, Keadkraichaiwat I, Churintaraphan M, Sripong C, Sririwichitchai R, Tapechum S. Epigallocatechin gallate decreases plasma triglyceride, blood pressure, and serum kisspeptin in obese human subjects. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:163-176. [PMID: 33045853 PMCID: PMC7871112 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220962708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of major risk factors increasing chronic diseases including type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. The effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major active compound in green tea, on reduced obesity and improved metabolic profiles are still controversial. Furthermore, the effects of EGCG on human adipocyte lipolysis and browning of white adipocytes have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EGCG on obesity, lipolysis, and browning of human white adipocytes. The results showed that, when compared to the baseline values, EGCG significantly decreased fasting plasma triglyceride levels (P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), and serum kisspeptin levels (P < 0.05) after 8 weeks of supplement. On the other hand, supplement of EGCG in obese human subjects for 4 or 8 weeks did not decrease body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, nor total body fat mass or percentage when compared to their baseline values. The study in human adipocytes showed that EGCG did not increase the glycerol release when compared to vehicle, suggesting that it had no lipolytic effect. Furthermore, treatment of EGCG did not enhance uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA expression in human white adipocytes when compared with treatment of pioglitazone, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, suggesting that EGCG did not augment the browning effect of PPAR-γ on white adipocytes. This study revealed that EGCG reduced 2 metabolic risk factors which are triglyceride and blood pressure in the human experiment. We also showed a novel evidence that EGCG decreased kisspeptin levels. However, EGCG had no effects on obesity reduction in humans, lipolysis, nor browning of human white adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saimai Chatree
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chantacha Sitticharoon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pailin Maikaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kitchaya Pongwattanapakin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Issarawan Keadkraichaiwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Malika Churintaraphan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanakarn Sripong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Sririwichitchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sompol Tapechum
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brand C, Gaya ACA, Dias AF, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Farinha JB, Boeno FP, Mota J, Reischak de Oliveira A, Gaya AR. Relationship between insulin resistance and adipocytokines: the mediator role of adiposity in children. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:244-249. [PMID: 32279531 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1740320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Leptin and adiponectin interact with each other in the modulation of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) and it is also important to consider the role of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in these relationships.Aim: To analyse the relationship between IR with adipocytokines in children, and to test the mediation effect of %BF (percentage of body fat) in the association of IR with leptin, adiponectin, and L/A ratio.Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study comprised a sample of 150 schoolchildren, aged 6-11 years, from school in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The following variables were evaluated: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), percentage of body fat (%BF), and biochemical variables (leptin, adiponectin, glucose, and insulin).Results: IR was associated with leptin and L/A ratio, after adjustments for age, sex, sexual maturation, and CRF. When adjusted for age, sex, sexual maturation, and MF, an association was found between IR with leptin and L/A ratio. Moreover, %BF was a mediator in the association between IR and leptin, as well as IR and L/A ratio, explaining 54% and 57% of these associations, respectively.Conclusion: Leptin and L/A ratio are positively associated with IR after adjustments. Also, %BF is a mediator in the associations between IR and leptin and L/A ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brand
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arieli Fernandes Dias
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Boufleur Farinha
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francesco Pinto Boeno
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alvaro Reischak de Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xue J, Song W, Si M, Sun C, Li K, Wang W, Liang S, Xiao Y. Serum Kisspeptin and AMH Levels Are Good References for Precocious Puberty Progression. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:3126309. [PMID: 33293954 PMCID: PMC7700058 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3126309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of kisspeptin and AMH in children with PT or CPP or controls to provide a reference for diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS 38 Chinese children with central precocious puberty (CPP), 38 Chinese children with premature thelarche (PT), and 75 controls were recruited. RESULTS In CPP girls, AMH levels decreased significantly compared to control girls at T2 stage. Compared with the PT and control groups, AMH is the lowest in girls in the CPP group at T3 stage. Kisspeptin decreased significantly in girls in the PT group and increased significantly in girls in the control group from T2 stage to T3 stage. At T3 stage, kisspeptin was significantly higher in girls in the CPP and control groups than in the PT group. In the control group, kisspeptin was significantly higher in boys than in girls at T2 stage. AMH and height were negatively correlated in the girls group. CONCLUSIONS Kisspeptin and AMH have a unique significance in the auxiliary diagnosis, the differential diagnosis, the treatment, and prognosis of sexual puberty disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Si
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kailin Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sithinamsuwan K, Mahachoklertwattana P, Wankanit S, Chanprasertyothin S, Pongratanakul S, Khlairit P, Poomthavorn P. Serum Kisspeptin and Its Relation to Metabolic Parameters and Glucose Metabolism in Prepubertal and Pubertal Obese Children. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8826401. [PMID: 33224197 PMCID: PMC7673924 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8826401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kisspeptin, a puberty control neuropeptide, has been discovered to have an additional role in metabolism and glucose homeostasis regulation. This study aimed to determine the association of serum kisspeptin with metabolic parameters and glucose metabolism in obese children. Design, Patients and Measurements. A cross-sectional study of 270 obese children was conducted. All children underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and had serum kisspeptin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile measurements. Body fat mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Serum kisspeptin levels of both prepubertal and pubertal children with two HbA1c ranges, <5.7% (normal range) and 5.7-6.4% (prediabetes range), were analyzed and correlated with metabolic parameters and glucose metabolism status. RESULTS The median (IQR) serum kisspeptin level of only pubertal (not prepubertal) children with prediabetes HbA1c was higher than those with normal HbA1c (53.2 (33.9, 69.8) and 37.8 (29.6, 67.5) pg/mL; p = 0.015, respectively). There were no differences in serum kisspeptin levels among children with different glucose metabolism status. During pubertal progression, serum kisspeptin reached the highest level at Tanner stage II only in obese boys. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between serum kisspeptin and HbA1c after adjusting for puberty (β = 12.87; p = 0.001). No correlations between serum kisspeptin and insulin sensitivity indices, insulin secretion indices, lipid profile, blood glucose, as well as percentage of body fat were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Serum kisspeptin levels in pubertal obese children with prediabetes HbA1c were greater than those with normal HbA1c. Serum kisspeptin was positively associated with HbA1c, but not with glucose metabolism status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kochakorn Sithinamsuwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somboon Wankanit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Sarunyu Pongratanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Khlairit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hestiantoro A, Astuti BPK, Muharam R, Pratama G, Witjaksono F, Wiweko B. Dysregulation of Kisspeptin and Leptin, as Anorexigenic Agents, Plays Role in the Development of Obesity in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:1347208. [PMID: 31871451 PMCID: PMC6913251 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1347208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the menopausal period, women have a higher tendency to develop obesity and any other metabolic syndromes. Dysregulation of leptin and kisspeptin signaling as anorexigenic agents is believed to be the connection between metabolic disorders and altered reproductive function. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the association between leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOBR), free leptin index, kisspeptin concentrations, and body mass index (BMI) in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 171 postmenopausal women aged 40-75 years from 2017 to 2018. Subjects were assigned into 2 groups according to their BMIs: obese group (84 subjects) and nonobese group (87 subjects). In addition to anthropometric measurement, blood sample was collected from each subject for leptin, sOBR, free leptin index (FLI), and kisspeptin evaluation. Bivariate and correlation analysis discovered that leptin and FLI were positively correlated with BMI, while sOBR and kisspeptin were negatively correlated with BMI. Among those variables, multivariate analysis found that leptin, sOBR, and kisspeptin were independently associated with obesity. Therefore, it can be concluded that higher serum leptin concentration and FLI, as well as lower serum sOBR and kisspeptin concentrations, are significantly associated with obesity in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andon Hestiantoro
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Brilliant P. K. Astuti
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Raden Muharam
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Gita Pratama
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fiastuti Witjaksono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Cluster of Human Reproduction, Fertility and Family Planning, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brand C, Leite N, Lopes WA, Dias AF, da Silva LR, Araujo Gaya AC, Mota J, Cavaglieri CR, Gaya AR. Adiposity and adipocytokines: the moderator role of cardiorespiratory fitness and pubertal stage in girls. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:239-246. [PMID: 30844760 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and pubertal stages have been related to many health outcomes, including obesity and adipocytokines. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the moderator role of CRF and pubertal stage in the relationship between adiposity and adipocytokines in girls. Method This cross-sectional study was performed with 42 pre-pubertal girls aged from 7 to 11 years and 54 post-pubertal girls aged from 13 to 17 years. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin, and then the leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio) was calculated. CRF, anthropometric and body composition indicators were assessed. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and several linear regression models were used. The moderation analysis was tested using the PROCESS macro. Results An interaction between body mass index (BMI) and CRF (β: -0.70; confidence interval [CI]: -1.29, -0.12), as well as between BMI and pubertal stage (β: 0.79; CI: 0.28, 1.30) with leptin, was found. Regarding the L/A ratio, an interaction was found only in BMI × CRF (β: -0.56; CI: -1.06, -0.06). Using a combined interaction (CRF and pubertal stage), the results showed a positive association between BMI with leptin and L/A ratio only in low CRF, pre-pubertal and post-pubertal stages. Conclusion This study suggests a protective role of high levels of CRF in the relationship between BMI and adipocytokines. Despite the effect of pubertal stage, the results suggest that youth should be engaged in physical activity in order to improve CRF levels and consequently improve cardiometabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brand
- Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-Br), Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Street: Felizardo, 750, Felizardo Street, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Phone: +55 (51) 3308.5883
| | - Neiva Leite
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Quality of Life Research (NQV Group), Department of Physical Education, Post Graduation Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Arieli Fernandes Dias
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-Br), Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rosa da Silva
- Quality of Life Research (NQV Group), Department of Physical Education, Post Graduation Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
- Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-Br), Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-Br), Post Graduation Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|