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Bao C, Liu X, Li Y, Yang J, Wei F, Gong Y, Ma Z, Liu J. Region-specific hippocampal atrophy is correlated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Endocr J 2023; 70:1131-1140. [PMID: 37914275 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the association between prediabetes/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hippocampal subfields and to investigate the effects of glycemic control (HbA1c and FBG)/diabetes duration on the volume of hippocampal subfields in T2DM patients. This cross-sectional study included 268 participants from Tianjin Union Medical Center between August 2019 and July 2022. The participants were divided into three groups: T2DM, prediabetes and no diabetes. All participants underwent brain MRI examination on a 3T MRI scanner. FreeSurfer was performed to segment hippocampus automatically based on T1 MPRAGE images. The relationships between glycemic status/glycemic control/diabetes duration and hippocampal subfield volumes were estimated by multiple linear regression analysis/generalized additive modeling (GAM). Among all participants, 76 (28.36%) had prediabetes, and 96 (35.82%) had T2DM. In multi-adjusted linear regression models, those with prediabetes had a significantly lower volume of bilateral parasubiculum (βright = -5.540; βleft = -6.497). Those with diabetes had lower volume of parasubiculum (βleft = -7.868), presubiculum-head (βleft = -6.244) and fimbria (βleft = -7.187). We did not find relationship between diabetes duration and hippocampal subfield volumes. In stratified analysis, long duration with high FBG related with lower volume of right fimbria (βright = -15.583). Long duration with high HbA1c related with lower volume of presubiculum-head (βright = -19.693), subiculum-head (βright = -28.303), subiculum-body (βleft = -38.599), CA1-head (βright = -62.300, βleft = -47.922), CA1-body (βright = -19.043), CA4-body (βright = -14.392), GC-ML-DG-head (βright = -20.521), GC-ML-DG-body (βright = -16.293, βleft = -12.799), molecular_layer_HP-head (βright = -44.202, βleft = -26.071) and molecular_layer_HP-body, (βright = -31.368), hippocampal_tail (βleft = -80.073). Prediabetes related with lower bilateral parasubiculum volume, and T2DM related with lower left parasubiculum, presubiculum-head and fimbria. T2DM with chronic poor glycemic control had lower volume in multiple hippocampal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Bao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xuehuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Jun Liu
- The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300140, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300121, China
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Lin CW, Tsai YH, Peng YS, Yang JT, Lu YP, Chen MY, Tung CW. A Novel Salivary Sensor with Integrated Au Electrodes and Conductivity Meters for Screening of Diabetes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:702. [PMID: 37504101 PMCID: PMC10377178 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The rise in diabetes cases is a growing concern due to the aging of populations. This not only places a strain on healthcare systems but also creates serious public health problems. Traditional blood tests are currently used to check blood sugar levels, but they are invasive and can discourage patients from regularly monitoring their levels. We recently developed nano-sensing probes that integrate Au microelectrodes and conductivity meters, requiring only 50 μL of saliva for measurement. The usage of the co-planar design of coating-free Au electrodes makes the measurement more stable, precise, and easier. This study found a positive correlation between the participant's fasting blood sugar levels and salivary conductivity. We observed a diabetes prevalence of 11.6% among 395 adults under 65 years in this study, using the glycated hemoglobin > 6.5% definition. This study found significantly higher salivary conductivity in the diabetes group, and also a clear trend of increasing diabetes as conductivity levels rose. The prediction model, using salivary conductivity, age, and body mass index, performed well in diagnosing diabetes, with a ROC curve area of 0.75. The study participants were further divided into low and high groups based on salivary conductivity using the Youden index with a cutoff value of 5.987 ms/cm. Individuals with higher salivary conductivity had a 3.82 times greater risk of diabetes than those with lower levels, as determined by the odds ratio calculation. In conclusion, this portable sensing device for salivary conductivity has the potential to be a screening tool for detecting diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsiung Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shing Peng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Pei Lu
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yen Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wu Tung
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Medical Education Research Centre, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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Lin CW, Tsai YH, Lu YP, Yang JT, Chen MY, Huang TJ, Weng RC, Tung CW. Application of a Novel Biosensor for Salivary Conductivity in Detecting Chronic Kidney Disease. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030178. [PMID: 35323448 PMCID: PMC8946539 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing, and it brings an enormous healthcare burden. The traditional measurement of kidney function needs invasive blood tests, which hinders the early detection and causes low awareness of CKD. We recently designed a device with miniaturized coplanar biosensing probes for measuring salivary conductivity at an extremely low volume (50 μL). Our preliminary data discovered that the salivary conductivity was significantly higher in the CKD patients. This cross-sectional study aims to validate the relationship between salivary conductivity and kidney function, represented by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We enrolled 214 adult participants with a mean age of 63.96 ± 13.53 years, of whom 33.2% were male. The prevalence rate of CKD, defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, is 11.2% in our study. By multivariate linear regression analyses, we found that salivary conductivity was positively related to age and fasting glucose but negatively associated with eGFR. We further divided subjects into low, medium, and high groups according to the tertials of salivary conductivity levels. There was a significant trend for an increment of CKD patients from low to high salivary conductivity groups (4.2% vs. 12.5% vs. 16.9%, p for trend: 0.016). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves disclosed an excellent performance by using salivary conductivity combined with age, gender, and body weight to diagnose CKD (AUC equal to 0.8). The adjusted odds ratio of CKD is 2.66 (95% CI, 1.10−6.46) in subjects with high salivary conductivity levels. Overall, salivary conductivity can serve as a good surrogate marker of kidney function; this real-time, non-invasive, and easy-to-use portable biosensing device may be a reliable tool for screening CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsiung Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (J.-T.Y.); (T.-J.H.)
| | - Yen-Pei Lu
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan; (Y.-P.L.); (R.-C.W.)
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (J.-T.Y.); (T.-J.H.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yen Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan;
| | - Tung-Jung Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (J.-T.Y.); (T.-J.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin 63862, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Cian Weng
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan; (Y.-P.L.); (R.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wu Tung
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
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High Glucose Reduces the Paracellular Permeability of the Submandibular Gland Epithelium via the MiR-22-3p/Sp1/Claudin Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113230. [PMID: 34831451 PMCID: PMC8617860 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in water, ion, and solute transport through the paracellular pathway of epithelial cells; however, their role in diabetes-induced salivary gland dysfunction remains unknown. Here, we found that the TJ proteins claudin-1 and claudin-3 were significantly increased in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of db/db mice and high glucose (HG)-treated human SMGs. HG decreased paracellular permeability and increased claudin-1 and claudin-3 expression in SMG-C6 cells. Knockdown of claudin-1 or claudin-3 reversed the HG-induced decrease in paracellular permeability. MiR-22-3p was significantly downregulated in diabetic SMGs and HG-treated SMG-C6 cells. A miR-22-3p mimic suppressed claudin-1 and claudin-3 expression and abolished the HG-induced increases in claudin-1 and claudin-3 levels in SMG-C6 cells, whereas a miR-22-3p inhibitor produced the opposite effects. Specificity protein-1 (Sp1) was enhanced in diabetic SMGs and HG-treated SMG-C6 cells, which promoted claudin-1 and claudin-3 transcription through binding to the corresponding promoters. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-22-3p repressed Sp1 by directly targeting the Sp1 mRNA 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). Consistently, the miR-22-3p mimic suppressed, whereas the miR-22-3p inhibitor enhanced, the effects of HG on Sp1 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate a new regulatory pathway through which HG decreases the paracellular permeability of SMG cells by inhibiting miR-22-3p/Sp1-mediated claudin-1 and claudin-3 expression.
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Al-Serwi RH, El-Sherbiny M, Eladl MA, Aloyouny A, Rahman I. Protective effect of nano vitamin D against fatty degeneration in submandibular and sublingual salivary glands: A histological and ultrastructural study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06932. [PMID: 33997429 PMCID: PMC8102766 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor nutritional habits and a low level of physical activity are associated with obesity, leading to increased caloric and fat intakes. A high-fat diet can significantly impact oral health through the accumulation of lipids in the salivary glands, which ultimately affect salivary gland function. Recently, an increasing number of supplement nano-formulations, such as nano vitamin D, have become available. However, only few studies have explored the effects of nano vitamin D on the maintenance of oral health. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the histological effects of nano vitamin D to those of regular vitamin D on fatty degeneration in submandibular and sublingual salivary glands using a rat model. METHODS Twenty-four adult male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: untreated group, high-fat diet group, high-fat diet and regular vitamin D group, and high-fat diet and nano vitamin group.Thereafter, samples of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands were dissected for histological and electron microscopic studies. Morphometric digital image analysis was used to quantitatively measure the changes in the size and number of acini and secretory granules. RESULTS Regular vitamin D had a partial protective effect. However, vitamin D could fully restore cellular structures to their normal state, thereby protecting against fatty degeneration of the salivary tissue and immune cell infiltration, particularly in the submandibular serous tissue. Nano vitamin D was more efficacious than regular vitamin D at restoring the number and size of submandibular serous secretory granules. CONCLUSION Employing nano vitamin D as a supplement to high-fat diets could protect against high-fat diet-induced salivary gland damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 71666, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwag Aloyouny
- Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishrat Rahman
- Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
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Olatosi OO, Alade AA, Naicker T, Busch T, Oyapero A, Li M, Pape J, Olotu J, Awotoye W, Hassan M, Adeleke C, Adeyemo WL, Shaffer J, Marazita ML, Butali A. Dental Caries Severity and Nutritional Status of Nigerian Preschool Children. JDR Clin Trans Res 2021; 7:154-162. [PMID: 33764218 DOI: 10.1177/23800844211002108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malnutrition in children is one of the most prevalent global health challenges, and malnourished children have a higher risk of death from childhood diseases. Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Complications from ECC such as pain, loss of tooth/teeth, and infection can undermine a child's nutrition and growth. AIM This study aims to evaluate the severity of decay, missing, and filled tooth (dmft) by nutritional status using the z scores of the anthropometric measurements: height for age (HFA), weight for age (WFA), weight for height (WFH), and body mass index for age (BMIA) among children with ECC in Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 5 local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used. RESULTS A total of 273 cases of ECC were included in the analyses (mean age 4.19 ± 0.96 y). Overall, the mean dmft was 3.04 ± 2.28, and most (96%) were accounted for by untreated decay. The distribution of dmft within the different z score categories of BMIA (<-3 = severely wasted, -2 to -3 = wasted, -2 to +2 = normal, +2 to +3 = overweight and >+3 = obese) showed the highest dmft scores among the combined severely wasted and wasted groups, lowest among children with normal z scores, and intermediate in the overweight and obese groups. There was a significant negative correlation between BMIA z score, WFH z score, and dmft (r = -0.181, P < 0.05 and r = -0.143, P < 0.05, respectively). However, the correlations between HFA z score, WFA z score, and dmft were positive but not significant (r = 0.048, P = 0.44 and r = 0.022, P = 0.77, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study showed an increased severity of dental caries among severely wasted or wasted children with ECC compared to those of normal or overweight. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results from this study will raise awareness among clinicians and policy makers on the need for a primary prevention program for early childhood caries in countries with high burden of malnutrition and limited resources. Also, it will help draw the attention of clinicians to the caries status of malnourished children that can be managed to improve the nutritional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Olatosi
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - T Naicker
- Department of Paediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - T Busch
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M Li
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J Pape
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J Olotu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - W Awotoye
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M Hassan
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C Adeleke
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - W L Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - J Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Folayan MO, Oginni AB, El Tantawi M, Alade M, Adeniyi AA, Finlayson TL. Association between nutritional status and early childhood caries risk profile in a suburban Nigeria community. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:798-804. [PMID: 32243034 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is associated with oral health problems. AIM To determine the association between malnutrition (undernourished and over-nourished) and early childhood caries (ECC) in a suburban population in Nigeria. DESIGN Data were extracted from a database of a household survey of 1549 under 6-year-old children. Explanatory variables were nutritional status (normal, undernourished [wasted, stunted and underweight], or over-nourished). The outcome measure was the prevalence of ECC. Children's sociodemographic characteristics (socio-economic status, sex, age) and caries-risk variables (frequency of sugar consumption in-between-meals, oral hygiene status) were the confounders. Association between ECC and malnutrition was determined using the Poisson regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS About one-third (31.4%) of children had expected height/weight for age; 848 (54.7%) were undernourished; and 215 (13.9%) were over-nourished. Nutritional status was not significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Children who consumed sugar in-between-meals three or more times a day were twice as likely to have ECC as were those who consumed sugar less often in-between-meals (APR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.30-3.81; P = .003). Children 3-5 years old were more likely to have ECC than were those 0-2 years old (APR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.10-5.22; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS ECC was not associated with undernourished and over-nourished in a suburban population in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Micheal Alade
- Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Abiola A Adeniyi
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ife, Nigeria
| | - Tracy L Finlayson
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Impact of Acute Pancreatic Injury on Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Salivary Glands. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6403482. [PMID: 32802862 PMCID: PMC7426771 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6403482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatic injury can be related to both parenchymal (responsible for exocrine functions) and islet (mainly β-cells, responsible for endocrine functions) damage. During embryonic development, both the salivary glands and the pancreas originate from the foregut, which explains many of the observed histological and functional similarities between these two organs. The relationship between several diseases of the pancreas and salivary glands, resulting from morphological and functional similarities, is well established. Sphingolipids constitute a class of biologically active molecules involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including acute pancreatitis (AP) and diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of AP on sphingolipid metabolism in the salivary glands remains uncertain. In the presented study, we examined the effect of AP and type 1 diabetes mellitus on sphingolipid metabolism in the salivary glands of rats. We demonstrated that acute pancreatic injury, related to both exocrine and endocrine functions, affects the metabolism of sphingolipids in the parotid, but not submandibular, salivary glands.
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Dysfunction of Salivary Glands, Disturbances in Salivary Antioxidants and Increased Oxidative Damage in Saliva of Overweight and Obese Adolescents. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020548. [PMID: 32079369 PMCID: PMC7074099 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is inseparably connected with oxidative stress. This process may disturb the functioning of the oral cavity, although the effect of oxidative stress on salivary gland function and changes in the qualitative composition of saliva are still unknown. Our study is the first to evaluate salivary redox homeostasis in 40 overweight and obese adolescents and in the age- and gender-matched control group. We demonstrated strengthening of the antioxidant barrier (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, uric acid, total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) with a simultaneous decrease in reduced glutathione concentration in saliva (non-stimulated/stimulated) in overweight and obese teenagers compared to the controls. The concentration of the products of oxidative damage to proteins (advanced glycation end products), lipids (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal) and DNA (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) as well as total oxidative status were significantly higher in both non-stimulated and stimulated saliva as well as plasma of overweight and obese adolescents. Importantly, we observed more severe salivary and plasma redox alterations in obese adolescents compared to overweight individuals. In the study group, we also noted a drop in stimulated salivary secretion and a decrease in total protein content. Interestingly, dysfunction of parotid glands in overweight and obese teenagers intensified with the increase of BMI. We also showed that the measurement of salivary catalase and TAC could be used to assess the central antioxidant status of overweight and obese adolescents.
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High-Fat Diet Affects Ceramide Content, Disturbs Mitochondrial Redox Balance, and Induces Apoptosis in the Submandibular Glands of Mice. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120877. [PMID: 31847462 PMCID: PMC6995631 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to investigate the relationship between ceramides, the mitochondrial respiratory system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the submandibular gland mitochondria of mice with insulin resistance (IR). The experiment was conducted on 20 male C57BL/6 mice divided into two equal groups: animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat) and animals fed a standard diet (10 kcal% fat). We have shown that feeding mice HFD induces systemic IR. We noticed that HFD feeding was accompanied by a significant increase in ceramide production (C18 1Cer, C18 Cer, C22 Cer, C24 1Cer, C24 Cer), higher activity of pro-oxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase), and weakened functioning of mitochondrial complexes in the submandibular glands of IR mice. In this group, we also observed a decrease in catalase and peroxidase activities, glutathione concentration, redox status, increased concentration of protein (advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products) and lipid (malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide) peroxidation products, and enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) as well as pro-apoptotic Bax in the submandibular gland mitochondria. In summary, HFD impairs salivary redox homeostasis and is responsible for enhanced oxidative damage and apoptosis in the submandibular gland mitochondria. The accumulation of some ceramides could boost free radical formation by affecting pro-oxidant enzymes and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Araujo DS, Scudine KGDO, Pedroni-Pereira A, Gavião MBD, Pereira EC, Fonseca FLA, Castelo PM. Salivary uric acid is a predictive marker of body fat percentage in adolescents. Nutr Res 2019; 74:62-70. [PMID: 31954275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As saliva showed to be a noninvasive source of markers useful to monitor clinical status, the hypothesis tested was that saliva may provide reliable markers able to predict the body fat accumulation in young subjects. The salivary characteristics of 248 adolescent scholars (119 girls; 14-17 years) of flow rate, pH, phosphorus, urea, and calcium concentrations were assessed in stimulated saliva (colorimetric automated technique). The concentrations of cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, and uric acid (UA) were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography in saliva collected at home (12-hour fast). Physical examination included height, weight, and body fat percentage (%BF) measured using bioelectric impedance to classify groups in below/above the %BF cutoff. Data were evaluated using 2-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. No significant difference was found in the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3, cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, phosphorus, calcium, and urea between groups above and below %BF cutoff, and the variation in salivary flow was small. Significant sex and group effects were observed for salivary UA, which was increased in adolecents with higher %BF and in males (compared to females), without sex group interaction (power = 99.8%). Sex showed a significant effect on salivary urea, with lower levels in females. A predictive model was obtained, with salivary UA and sex explaining the variation of %BF (P < .001; power = 84%). Salivary UA showed to be an important marker of body fat accumulation in adolescents, demonstrating the clinical relevance of saliva to detect early changes and to monitor the nutritional status using a noninvasive and accurate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlle Santos Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Guedes de Oliveira Scudine
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Pedroni-Pereira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Edimar Cristiano Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R São Nicolau, 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil.
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Folayan MO, Arije O, El Tantawi M, Kolawole KA, Obiyan M, Arowolo O, Oziegbe EO. Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:433. [PMID: 31722683 PMCID: PMC6852898 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study’s explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83–25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0–0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olujide Arije
- Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mary Obiyan
- Department of Demography and Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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The Impact of High-Fat Diet on Mitochondrial Function, Free Radical Production, and Nitrosative Stress in the Salivary Glands of Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2606120. [PMID: 31354904 PMCID: PMC6637679 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2606120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the salivary gland dysfunction in insulin resistance; however, the cause of increased free radical formation in these conditions is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on the mitochondrial respiratory system, prooxidant enzymes, ROS production, and nitrosative/oxidative stress in the submandibular and parotid glands of rats. The experiment was performed on male Wistar rats divided into two groups (n = 10): control and HFD. The 8-week feeding of HFD affects glucose metabolism observed as significant increase in plasma glucose and insulin as well as HOMA-IR as compared to the control rats. The activity of mitochondrial Complex I and Complex II+III was significantly decreased in the parotid and submandibular glands of HFD rats. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and the hydrogen peroxide level were significantly increased in the parotid and submandibular glands of the HFD group as compared to those of the controls. HFD rats also showed significantly lower reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced : oxidized glutathione (GSH : GSSG) ratio, as well as a higher GSSG level in the parotid glands of HFD rats. The activity of NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress (malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, nitrotyrosine, and peroxynitrite) and inflammation/apoptosis (interleukin-1β and caspase-3) biomarkers were statistically elevated in the HFD group in comparison to the controls. HFD impairs mitochondrial function in both types of salivary glands by enhancing ROS production, as well as stimulating inflammation and apoptosis. However, free radical production, protein nitration, and lipid peroxidation were more pronounced in the parotid glands of HFD rats.
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14
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Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Łukaszuk B, Maciejczyk M, Ostrowska L, Zalewska A, Chabowski A, Kurek K. High-fat, high-protein, and high-carbohydrate diets affect sphingolipid profile in pancreatic steatosis in Wistar rats. Nutrition 2019; 60:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Maciejczyk M, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in the Brain: What's New? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040874. [PMID: 30781611 PMCID: PMC6413037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest studies have indicated a strong relationship between systemic insulin resistance (IR) and higher incidence of neurodegeneration, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Although some of these abnormalities could be explained by chronic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, and/or prolonged whole-body inflammation, the key role is attributed to the neuronal redox imbalance and oxidative damage. In this mini review, we provide a schematic overview of intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities in the IR brain. We highlight important correlations found so far between brain oxidative stress, ceramide generation, β-amyloid accumulation, as well as neuronal apoptosis in the IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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Verhulst MJL, Loos BG, Gerdes VEA, Teeuw WJ. Evaluating All Potential Oral Complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:56. [PMID: 30962800 PMCID: PMC6439528 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with several microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of these complications is complex, and involves metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immune dysfunction. These disturbances initiate several damaging processes, such as increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammation, and ischemia. These processes mainly exert their damaging effect on endothelial and nerve cells, hence the susceptibility of densely vascularized and innervated sites, such as the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Since the oral cavity is also highly vascularized and innervated, oral complications can be expected as well. The relationship between DM and oral diseases has received considerable attention in the past few decades. However, most studies only focus on periodontitis, and still approach DM from the limited perspective of elevated blood glucose levels only. In this review, we will assess other potential oral complications as well, including: dental caries, dry mouth, oral mucosal lesions, oral cancer, taste disturbances, temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome, apical periodontitis, and peri-implant diseases. Each oral complication will be briefly introduced, followed by an assessment of the literature studying epidemiological associations with DM. We will also elaborate on pathogenic mechanisms that might explain associations between DM and oral complications. To do so, we aim to expand our perspective of DM by not only considering elevated blood glucose levels, but also including literature about the other important pathogenic mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J. L. Verhulst
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Martijn J. L. Verhulst
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Wijnand J. Teeuw
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Redox Balance, Antioxidant Defense, and Oxidative Damage in the Hypothalamus and Cerebral Cortex of Rats with High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6940515. [PMID: 30271528 PMCID: PMC6146783 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6940515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key pathogenic factor in both neurogenerative and metabolic diseases. However, its contribution in the brain complications of insulin resistance is still not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation of redox homeostasis and oxidative damage in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of insulin-resistant and control rats. 16 male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups (n = 8): the control and high fat diet group (HFD). Prooxidant enzymes (xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase); enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and uric acid (UA)]; and oxidative damage products [advanced glycation end products (AGE), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] as well as the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total ferric reducing ability of sample (FRAP) were evaluated in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex as well as serum/plasma of HFD-fed and control rats. The activity of prooxidant enzymes was significantly increased in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of HFD-fed rats vs. control rats. Additionally, we have showed enhanced antioxidant efficiency in the hypothalamus (↑CAT, ↑UA, ↑TAC, and ↑FRAP) and cerebral cortex (↑GPx, ↑CAT, ↑SOD-1, ↑UA, ↑TAC, and ↑FRAP) of HFD-fed rats. All of the oxidative damage markers (AGE, 4-HNE, MDA, 8-OHdG, and OSI) were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex of insulin-resistant rats, while only 4-HNE and MDA were markedly higher in the hypothalamus of the HFD group. Summarizing, the results of our study indicate an adaptive brain response to the increased production of free radicals under insulin resistance conditions. Despite the increase in antioxidative defense systems, this mechanism does not protect both brain structures from oxidative damages. However, the cerebral cortex is more susceptible to oxidative stress caused by HFD.
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Ittichaicharoen J, Apaijai N, Tanajak P, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor enhances restoration of salivary glands impaired by obese-insulin resistance. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:148-153. [PMID: 29073562 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic high-fat diet consumption causes not only obese- insulin resistance, but also leads to pathological changes in salivary glands, including increased mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) is an oral anti-diabetic drug, using for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Vildagliptin has been shown to exert beneficial effects on several organs in cases of obese-insulin resistant condition. However, the effect of vildagliptin on salivary glands impaired by obese-insulin resistance has not been investigated. The hypothesis in this study is that vildagliptin confers beneficial effects on the salivary gland impaired by obese-insulin resistance via decreasing mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. DESIGN Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Each group was fed with either a normal (ND; n=8) or a high fat diet (HFD; n=16) for 16 weeks. At week 13, the HFD-fed rats were subdivided into 2 subgroups to receive either a vehicle or vildagliptin (3mg/kg/day) for 28days via gavage feeding. ND-fed rats were treated with the vehicle. At the end of treatment, metabolic parameters were examined, and rats were killed. Submandibular glands were removed to appraise inflammatory markers, apoptosis and mitochondrial function. RESULTS Vehicle-treated HFD-fed rats developed obese-insulin resistance with an increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the salivary glands. Vildagliptin therapy reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in salivary gland of HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSION Vildagliptin prevented salivary gland injury occurring due to obese-insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitjiroj Ittichaicharoen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Wang Y, Ma XL, Lau WB. Cardiovascular Adiponectin Resistance: The Critical Role of Adiponectin Receptor Modification. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:519-530. [PMID: 28473178 PMCID: PMC6391995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For the past two decades, a great deal of research has been published concerning adiponectin (APN), an abundant protein responsible for regulating numerous biologic functions including antioxidative, antinitrative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. A review of APN and its two major receptors is timely because of new findings concerning the mechanisms by which APN signaling may be altered in pathologic processes such as diabetes and heart failure. In this review we elaborate on currently known information regarding the physiologic role of APN and the known mechanisms underlying pathologic APN resistance - namely, APN receptor downregulation and phosphorylation - and provide insight regarding the future directions of APN research including an assessment of the clinical applicability of preventing pathologic post-translational modification of the APN receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xin L Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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20
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Garbowska M, Łukaszuk B, Mikłosz A, Wróblewski I, Kurek K, Ostrowska L, Chabowski A, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Zalewska A. Sphingolipids metabolism in the salivary glands of rats with obesity and streptozotocin induced diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2766-2775. [PMID: 28369933 PMCID: PMC5518447 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is considered a major public health problem affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Remarkably, scientific reports regarding salivary glands sphingolipid metabolism in diabetes are virtually non‐existent. This is odd given the well‐established link between the both in other tissues (e.g., skeletal muscles, liver) and the key role of these glands in oral health preservation. The aim of this paper is to examine sphingolipids metabolism in the salivary glands in (pre)diabetes (evoked by high fat diet feeding or streptozotocin). Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: control, HFD‐, or STZ‐diabetes. The content of major sphingolipid classes in the parotid (PSG) and submandibular (SMSG) glands was assessed via chromatography. Additionally, Western blot analyses were employed for the evaluation of key sphingolipid signaling pathway enzyme levels. No changes in ceramide content in the PSG were found, whereas an increase in ceramide concentration for SMSG of the STZ group was observed. This was accompanied by an elevation in SPT1 level. Probably also sphingomyelin hydrolysis was increased in the SMSG of the STZ‐diabetic rats, since we observed a significant drop in the amount of SM. PSG and SMSG respond differently to (pre)diabetes, with clearer pattern presented by the later gland. An activation of sphingomyelin signaling pathway was observed in the course of STZ‐diabetes, that is, metabolic condition with rapid onset/progression. Whereas, chronic HFD lead to an inhibition of sphingomyelin signaling pathway in the salivary glands (manifested in an inhibition of ceramide de novo synthesis and accumulation of S1P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garbowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Igor Wróblewski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Kołodziej U, Maciejczyk M, Miąsko A, Matczuk J, Knaś M, Żukowski P, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Borys J, Zalewska A. Oxidative Modification in the Salivary Glands of High Fat-Diet Induced Insulin Resistant Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:20. [PMID: 28184199 PMCID: PMC5266730 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Still little is known about the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of the salivary gland dysfunction in the course of insulin resistance (IR). To induce IR rats was fed with a high fat diet (HFD) during 8 weeks. Stimulated and non-stimulated salivary flow rate, total protein, as well as oxidative damage markers: 4-HNE protein adduct, 8-isoprostanes (8-isoP), 8-hydroxy-D-guanosine (8-OHdG), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), and protein carbonyls (PC) were determined in the plasma and submandibular and parotid glands of IR and control rats. We have shown a significant decrease (45%) of the stimulated salivary flow rate, and in the total protein concentration in the parotid (35%) and submandibular (10%) glands of HFD IR as compared to the control rats. The level of 4-HNE protein adduct (15%) and 8-isoP (20%) in the submandibular glands of IR rats as well as total level of 4-HNE protein adduct (39%), 8-isoP (27%), AOPP (25%), PC (32%), and 8-OHdG (18%) in the parotid glands of IR rats were significantly higher as compared to the control group. We showed no correlation between the assessed OS parameters in the plasma and salivary glands. However, the redox balance in both glands shifted toward the oxidative status, parotid glands of IR rats are exposed to greater intensity OS. Stimulated secretory ability and mechanisms involved in the synthesis/secretion of proteins in the salivary glands are depressed in the course of IR. Oxidative damage in the salivary glands arises independently from the general OS in the course of insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kołodziej
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Miąsko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Matczuk
- County Veterinary Inspection Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knaś
- Department of Health Care Higher Vocational School Suwalki, Poland
| | - Piotr Żukowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Croydon University Hospital Croydon, England
| | | | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University Bialystok Bialystok, Poland
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