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Malige A, Gates C, Cook JL. Mesenchymal stem cells in orthopaedics: A systematic review of applications to practice. J Orthop 2024; 58:1-9. [PMID: 39035449 PMCID: PMC11254590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have alluring interest for clinical use in orthopaedics based on their therapeutic potential through directed pluripotent differentiation. While many studies and reviews have discussed the importance of this approach, few have reduced it to practice using reproducible criteria. This study was designed to systematically review and synthesize current evidence regarding clinical use of clearly defined MSCs in orthopaedics. Methods Studies of any level of evidence and sample size, regardless of MSC source, orthopaedic pathology, and patient population, were reviewed. In vitro and animal studies, and articles written in a language other than English, were excluded. Studies were then screened for final inclusion based on documented MSC verification using testing of the therapeutic cellular population for at least one of the following phenotypic markers: CD 73, CD 90, and CD 105. In addition, therapeutic cellular populations could not have higher percentages of CD34, CD45, CD14, HLA-DR, CD11b, or CD19 markers compared to the aforementioned markers. From each studies' results, sample size, procedural methods, radiographic outcomes, clinical outcomes, patient-report outcomes (PROs), and adverse events were tabulated. Results Overall, 43 studies were included. Twenty-three studies (53.5 %) derived their MSCs from iliac crest bone marrow while 12 (27.9 %) studied adipose-derived MSCs. Included studies explored MSC use in Osteoarthritis, Cartilage Defects, Osteonecrosis, Bone Defects and Nonunions, Spine, and Other. MSC use in all pathologies led to improvement of studied radiographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes. Conclusions Mesenchymal stem cells have proven to have successful and safe uses in multiple orthopaedic applications, including treating chondral defects, osteoarthritis, and osteonecrosis. A stringent and reproducible process for evaluating obtained human stem cells using CD markers for clinical use is necessary to both evaluate previous studies and continue to evaluate for future uses. Level of evidence Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Malige
- Kerlan Jobe Orthopedic Clinic, 6801 Park Terrace, Suite 500, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA
| | - Carson Gates
- University of Missouri Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James L. Cook
- University of Missouri Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia, MO, USA
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2
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Vaishya R, Kappi MM, Gupta BM, Mamdapur GMN, Vaish A. Global Stem Cell Research in Orthopaedics: A Bibliometric Study from 1995 to 2020. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:876-886. [PMID: 38948374 PMCID: PMC11208372 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-024-01160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background The research field of stem cell-based therapies in orthopaedics has witnessed significant growth in the recent past. We aimed to identify and analyze the bibliometric characteristics of the global highly cited papers (HCPs) in stem cell research in orthopaedics. Methods This study relied on secondary data extracted from Scopus, Elsevier's abstract and citation database. An advanced search string was employed, for the period from 1995 to 2020. For each paper, the extracted information included the number of citations, title, authors (name, number, authorship position, and country), year of publication, title of the journals, study design, and thematic field. The VOSviewer (1.6.20) was used to uncover relationships between authors, institutions, keywords, and publications. Results There were a total of 1427 publications and out of these 186 papers had 100 or more citations (range 100-2644) and were considered as HCPs. The average citation per paper (CPP) was 265.8. Only 4% of the top HCPs contributed 20% of the total citations of all HCPs. All the HCPs were published from high-income countries, and the USA was the leading country in all aspects of publication on stem cell research. Méndez-Ferrer S registered the highest citation (n = 2644), Prockop DJ was the most prolific author (n = 8 papers), and Harvard Medical School, USA emerged as the most prolific organization with 12 HCPs. Conclusion Global research in stem cell therapies for orthopaedic problems is making strides, and is an emerging field of research. Stem cell research offers the potential for improved treatment outcomes for various musculoskeletal conditions. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-024-01160-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, 110076 India
| | | | | | | | - Abhishek Vaish
- Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, 110076 India
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Holtedahl R, Brox JI. Compliance with requirements for registration and reporting of results in trials of mesenchymal stromal cells for musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081343. [PMID: 38925685 PMCID: PMC11202644 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess compliance with statutory requirements to register and report outcomes in interventional trials of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for musculoskeletal disorders and to describe the trials' clinical and design characteristics. DESIGN A systematic review of published trials and trials submitted to public registries. DATA SOURCES The databases Medline, Cochrane Library and McMaster; six public clinical registries. All searches were done until 31 January 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Trials submitted to registries and completed before January 2021. Prospective interventional trials published in peer-reviewed journals. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The first author searched for trials that had (1) posted trial results in a public registry, (2) presented results in a peer-reviewed publication and (3) submitted a pretrial protocol to a registry before publication. Other extracted variables included trial design, number of participants, funding source, follow-up duration and cell type. RESULTS In total 124 trials were found in registries and literature databases. Knee osteoarthritis was the most common indication. Of the 100 registry trials, 52 trials with in total 2 993 participants had neither posted results in the registry nor published results. Fifty-two of the registry trials submitted a protocol retrospectively. Forty-three of the 67 published trials (64%) had registered a pretrial protocol. Funding source was not associated with compliance with reporting requirements. A discrepancy between primary endpoints in the registry and publication was found in 16 of 25 trials. In 28% of trials, the treatment groups used adjuvant therapies. Only 39% of controlled trials were double-blinded. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of trials failed to comply with statutory requirements for the registration and reporting of results, thereby increasing the risk of bias in outcome assessments. To improve confidence in the role of MSCs for musculoskeletal disorders, registries and medical journals should more rigorously enforce existing requirements for registration and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Ivar Brox
- Phys med & rehab, Oslo University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University in Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Bingnan W, Jiao T, Ghorbani A, Baghei S. Enhancing regenerative potential: A comprehensive review of stem cell transplantation for sports-related neuronal injuries, with a focus on spinal cord injuries and peripheral nervous system damage. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102429. [PMID: 38833939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal injuries, as one of the consequences of sports-related incidents, exert a profound influence on the athletes' future, potentially leading to complete immobility and impeding their athletic pursuits. In cases of severe damage inflicted upon the spinal cord (SC) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS), the regenerative process is notably compromised, rendering it essentially inefficient. Among the pivotal therapeutic approaches for the enhancement and prevention of secondary SC injuries (SCI), stem cell transplantation (SCT) stands out prominently. Stem cells, whether directly involved in replacement and reconstruction or indirectly through modification and secretion of crucial bioenvironmental factors, engage in the intricate process of tissue regeneration. Stem cells, through the secretion of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) (aiming to modulate the immune system), reduction of inflammation, axonal growth stimulation, and myelin formation, endeavor to facilitate the regeneration of damaged SC tissue. The fundamental challenges of this approach encompass the proper selection of suitable stem cell candidates for transplantation and the establishment of an appropriate microenvironment conducive to SC repair. In this article, an attempt has been made to explore sports-related injuries, particularly SCI, to comprehensively review innovative methods for treating SCI, and to address the existing challenges. Additionally, some of the stem cells used in neural injuries and the process of their utilization have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Bingnan
- Department of P.E, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tong Jiao
- The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University Bocai Experimental Middle School,Changsha 410208, China.
| | - A Ghorbani
- Biotechnology Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sh Baghei
- Biotechnology Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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5
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Bellon A. Comparing stem cells, transdifferentiation and brain organoids as tools for psychiatric research. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38418498 PMCID: PMC10901833 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The inaccessibility of neurons coming directly from patients has hindered our understanding of mental illnesses at the cellular level. To overcome this obstacle, six different cellular approaches that carry the genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders are currently available: Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Pluripotent Monocytes, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Induced Neuronal cells and more recently Brain Organoids. Here we contrast advantages and disadvantages of each of these six cell-based methodologies. Neuronal-like cells derived from pluripotent monocytes are presented in more detail as this technique was recently used in psychiatry for the first time. Among the parameters used for comparison are; accessibility, need for reprograming, time to deliver differentiated cells, differentiation efficiency, reproducibility of results and cost. We provide a timeline on the discovery of these cell-based methodologies, but, our main goal is to assist researchers selecting which cellular approach is best suited for any given project. This manuscript also aims to help readers better interpret results from the published literature. With this goal in mind, we end our work with a discussion about the differences and similarities between cell-based techniques and postmortem research, the only currently available tools that allow the study of mental illness in neurons or neuronal-like cells coming directly from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bellon
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Widodo W, Widyahening IS, Pratama IK, Kuncoro MW. Prospect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Enhancing Nerve Regeneration in Brachial Plexus Injury in Animals: A Systematic Review. THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 2024; 12:149-158. [PMID: 38577510 PMCID: PMC10989726 DOI: 10.22038/abjs.2024.68053.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Brachial plexus injuries (BPI), although rare, often results in significant morbidity. Stem cell was thought to be one of BPI treatment modalities because of their nerve-forming regeneration potential. Although there is a possibility for the use of mesenchymal stem cells as one of BPI treatment, it is still limited on animal studies. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyze the role of mesenchymal stem cells in nerve regeneration in animal models of brachial plexus injury. Method This study is a systematic review with PROSPERO registration number CRD4202128321. Literature searching was conducted using keywords experimental, animal, brachial plexus injury, mesenchymal stem cell implantation, clinical outcomes, electrophysiological outcomes, and histologic outcomes. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The data obtained were described and in-depth analysis was performed. Result Four studies were included in this study involving 183 animals from different species those are rats and rabbits. There was an increase in muscle weight and shortened initial onset time of muscle contraction in the group treated with stem cells. Electrophysiological results showed that mesenchymal stem cells exhibited higher (Compound muscle action potential) CMAP amplitude and shorter CMAP latency than control but not better than autograft. Histological outcomes showed an increase in axon density, axon number, and the formation of connections between nerve cells and target muscles. Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cell implantation to animals with brachial plexus injury showed its ability to regenerate nerve cells as evidenced by clinical, electrophysiological, and histopathological results. However, this systematic study involved experimental animals from various species so that the results cannot be uniformed, and conclusion should be drawn cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Widodo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Suci Widyahening
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irfan Kurnia Pratama
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Walid Kuncoro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Li J, Wu Z, Zhao L, Liu Y, Su Y, Gong X, Liu F, Zhang L. The heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells: an important issue to be addressed in cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:381. [PMID: 38124129 PMCID: PMC10734083 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous improvement of human technology, the medical field has gradually moved from molecular therapy to cellular therapy. As a safe and effective therapeutic tool, cell therapy has successfully created a research boom in the modern medical field. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from early mesoderm and have high self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation ability, and have become one of the important cores of cell therapy research by virtue of their immunomodulatory and tissue repair capabilities. In recent years, the application of MSCs in various diseases has received widespread attention, but there are still various problems in the treatment of MSCs, among which the heterogeneity of MSCs may be one of the causes of the problem. In this paper, we review the correlation of MSCs heterogeneity to provide a basis for further reduction of MSCs heterogeneity and standardization of MSCs and hope to provide a reference for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Li
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Zewen Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030600, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yazhen Su
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xueyan Gong
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Fancheng Liu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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8
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Jiang Z, Shi C, Han H, Fu M, Zhu H, Han T, Fei J, Huang Y, Jin Z, He J, Wang Y, Chen X, Shen H. Autologous non-invasively derived stem cells mitochondria transfer shows therapeutic advantages in human embryo quality rescue. Biol Res 2023; 56:60. [PMID: 37978575 PMCID: PMC10657142 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decline in the quantity and quality of mitochondria are closely associated with infertility, particularly in advanced maternal age. Transferring autologous mitochondria into the oocytes of infertile females represents an innovative and viable strategy for treating infertility, with no concerns regarding ethical considerations. As the donor cells of mitochondria, stem cells have biological advantages but research and evidence in this area are quite scarce. METHODS To screen out suitable human autologous ooplasmic mitochondrial donor cells, we performed comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial physiology, function and metabolic capacity on a varity of autologous adipose, marrow, and urine-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSC, BMSC and USC) and ovarian germline granulosa cells (GC). Further, to explore the biosafety, effect and mechanism of stem cell-derived mitochondria transfer on human early embryo development, randomized in-vitro basic studies were performed in both of the young and aged oocytes from infertile females. RESULTS Compared with other types of mesenchymal stromal cells, USC demonstrated a non-fused spherical mitochondrial morphology and low oxidative stress status which resembled the oocyte stage. Moreover, USC mitochondrial content, activity and function were all higher than other cell types and less affected by age, and it also exhibited a biphasic metabolic pattern similar to the pre-implantation stage of embryonic development. After the biosafety identification of the USC mitochondrial genome, early embryos after USC mitochondrial transfer showed improvements in mitochondrial content, activity, and cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. Further, aging embryos also showed improvements in embryonic morphological indicators, euploidy rates, and oxidative stress status. CONCLUSION Autologous non-invasively derived USC mitochondria transfer may be an effective strategy to improve embryonic development and metabolism, especially in infertile females with advanced age or repeated pregnancy failure. It provides evidence and possibility for the autologous treatment of infertile females without invasive and ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Jiang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Cheng Shi
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hongjing Han
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Min Fu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Honglan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Peking Jabrehoo Med Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Peking Jabrehoo Med Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Zhiping Jin
- Peking Jabrehoo Med Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Jianan He
- Peking Jabrehoo Med Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Huan Shen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Haddouti EM, Reinhardt N, Ossendorff R, Burger C, Wirtz DC, de la Fuente M, Schildberg FA. Effects of single and repeated shock wave application on the osteogenic differentiation potential of human primary mesenchymal stromal cells and the osteoblastic cell line MG63 in vitro. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1207655. [PMID: 37901841 PMCID: PMC10602737 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1207655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is a non-invasive and effective option for treating various musculoskeletal disorders. Recent literature indicates that the parameters for extracorporeal shock wave therapy, such as the optimal intensity, treatment frequency, and localization, are yet to be determined. Studies reporting on the effects of shock wave application on primary mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as well as osteoblastic cell lines in vitro are barely available and not standardized. Methods: In this study, we designed a special setup to precisely expose primary MSCs and the osteoblastic cell line MG63 to shock waves and subsequently analyzed the resulting cellular responses using standardized protocols to investigate their viability, proliferation behavior, cytokine secretion, and osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro. The shock wave transducer was coupled to a specifically designed water bath containing a 5 mL tube holder. Primary human MSCs and MG63 cells were trypsinated and centrifuged in a 5 mL tube and exposed to single and repeated shock wave application using different intensities and numbers of pulses. Results: Single treatment of MSCs using intensities 5, 10, 15, and 20 and pulse numbers 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 at a constant pulse repetition frequency of 1 Hz resulted in a decreased viability and proliferation of both cell types with an increase in the intensity and number of pulses compared to controls. No significant difference in the osteogenic differentiation was observed at different time intervals in both cell types when a single shock wave application was performed. However, repeated shock wave sessions over three consecutive days of primary MSCs using low intensity levels 0.1 and 1 showed significant osteogenic differentiation 4-fold higher than that of the extracted Alizarin Red S at day 14, whereas MG63 cells showed no significant osteogenic differentiation compared to their corresponding controls. More specifically, repeated shock wave application triggered a significant downregulation of COL1A1, upregulation of RUNX2, and sustained increase of OCN in primary MSCs but not in the cell line MG63 when induced toward the osteogenic differentiation. Discussion: The effects of shock wave application on MSCs make it an effective therapy in regenerative medicine. We established a protocol to analyze a standardized shock wave application on MSCs and were able to determine conditions that enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Mustapha Haddouti
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Reinhardt
- Chair of Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Ossendorff
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christof Burger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter C. Wirtz
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matias de la Fuente
- Chair of Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Gopalarethinam J, Nair AP, Iyer M, Vellingiri B, Subramaniam MD. Advantages of mesenchymal stem cell over the other stem cells. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152041. [PMID: 37167794 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A stem cell is a particular group of cells that has the extraordinary potential to convert within the body into particular cell types. They are used to regenerate tissues and cells in the body that have been damaged or destroyed by the disease. Stem cells come in three different varieties: adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Embryonic stem cells have a high chance of immune rejection and also have ethical dilemmas and iPSCs have genetic instability. Adult stem cells are difficult to analyze and extract for research since they are frequently insufficient in native tissues. However, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) one of the categories of adult stem cells are stromal cells with a variety of potentials that can differentiate into a wide range of cell types. MSCs can be transplanted into a variety of people without worrying about rejection because they have demonstrated the ability to prevent an adverse reaction from the immune system. These transplants have powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects and greatly enhance the body's inherent healing capacity. While MSCs do not offer treatment for illnesses, the idea behind them is to enable the body to recover sufficiently for a protracted reduction in symptoms. In many cases, this is sufficient to significantly enhance the patient's well-being. Inspite of several advantages some potential long-term concerns connected to MSC therapy are maldifferentiation, immunosuppression and cancerous tumor growth. In this review, we will compare the mesenchymal stem cells with other stem cells with respect to the source of origin, their properties and therapeutic applications, and discuss the MSC's disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Gopalarethinam
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Aswathy P Nair
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
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11
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Marino LS, Nithya TG, Julius A. Lyophilized human platelet lysate as a supplementation in the culture of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102092. [PMID: 37075679 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being used in clinical trials given their proliferative potential, immunomodulatory effects, and their pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic properties. Umbilical cord tissue is an excellent source of MSCs. Iron-fortified calf serum is being used to culture MSCs as an alternative to fetal bovine serum since it is relatively inexpensive. Fetal calf serum is fortified with iron since calves are often fed a low-iron diet. However, the use of iron-fortified calf serum is still problematic since it is xenogeneic. Lately, human platelet lysate is being used for the culture of human cells. To increase its shelf life, human platelet lysate was lyophilized and used for culturing human umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stem cells (hUCT-MSCs). This study compares the culture of hUCT-MSCs with either iron-fortified calf serum or lyophilized human platelet lysate (LHPL). Trilineage differentiation potential (for chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, or osteogenesis) was assessed and immunomodulatory properties of hUCT-MSC were studied using the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) to detect inhibition of the proliferation of lymphocytes. This study concludes the potency of LHPL as the best alternative to Iron-Fortified Calf Serum (IFCS) for culture expansion of hUCT-MSC. hUCT-MSC cultured with LHPL display characteristic surface markers and have the capacity for trilineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincy Shiny Marino
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumullaivoyal Gnanasekaran Nithya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Angeline Julius
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 600126, Tamil Nadu, India
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Weißenberger M, Wagenbrenner M, Nickel J, Ahlbrecht R, Blunk T, Steinert AF, Gilbert F. Comparative in vitro treatment of mesenchymal stromal cells with GDF-5 and R57A induces chondrogenic differentiation while limiting chondrogenic hypertrophy. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:29. [PMID: 36943593 PMCID: PMC10030724 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertrophic cartilage is an important characteristic of osteoarthritis and can often be found in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. Although the exact pathomechanism remains poorly understood, hypertrophic de-differentiation of chondrocytes also poses a major challenge in the cell-based repair of hyaline cartilage using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). While different members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family have been shown to promote chondrogenesis in MSCs, the transition into a hypertrophic phenotype remains a problem. To further examine this topic we compared the effects of the transcription growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) and the mutant R57A on in vitro chondrogenesis in MSCs. METHODS Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were placed in pellet culture and in-cubated in chondrogenic differentiation medium containing R57A, GDF-5 and TGF-ß1 for 21 days. Chondrogenesis was examined histologically, immunohistochemically, through biochemical assays and by RT-qPCR regarding the expression of chondrogenic marker genes. RESULTS Treatment of BMSCs with R57A led to a dose dependent induction of chondrogenesis in BMSCs. Biochemical assays also showed an elevated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and expression of chondrogenic marker genes in corresponding pellets. While treatment with R57A led to superior chondrogenic differentiation compared to treatment with the GDF-5 wild type and similar levels compared to incubation with TGF-ß1, levels of chondrogenic hypertrophy were lower after induction with R57A and the GDF-5 wild type. CONCLUSIONS R57A is a stronger inducer of chondrogenesis in BMSCs than the GDF-5 wild type while leading to lower levels of chondrogenic hypertrophy in comparison with TGF-ß1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weißenberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Mike Wagenbrenner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rasmus Ahlbrecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andre F Steinert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany
- Current address:, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, Shoulder and Arthroplasty Surgery, Rhön-Klinikum, Campus Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt, Germany
| | - Fabian Gilbert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Moore ML, Deckey DG, Pollock JR, Smith JRH, Tokish JM, Neal MT. The Effect of Amniotic Tissue on Spinal Interventions: A Systematic Review. Int J Spine Surg 2023; 17:32-42. [PMID: 36253081 PMCID: PMC10025852 DOI: 10.14444/8380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amniotic membrane tissue has been thought to potentiate healing in many soft tissue conditions. Specifically, recent studies have shown its therapeutic potential for treatment in the setting of spinal pathologies. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly review the existing scientific literature and evidence concerning the clinical use of amniotic membrane-derived biologic agents on postoperative outcomes following spinal surgery. METHODS A systematic review was conducted following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to December 2020 to identify animal and clinical studies examining the therapeutic potential for amniotic membrane tissue in the setting of spinal pathologies (including disc herniation, prevention of epidural fibrosis, and spinal fusion). Studies were broken down into 2 categories: experimental model type and the type of amnion product being analyzed. RESULTS A total of 12 studies (4 clinical studies and 8 studies utilizing animal models) met inclusion criteria. Additionally, the major types of amnion product were divided into cryopreserved/freeze-dried amniotic membrane, human amniotic fluid, human amniotic membrane, cross-linked amniotic membrane, and amnion-derived epithelial cells. While heterogeneity of study design precludes definitive specific results reporting, most studies showed positive benefits on healing/outcomes with amniotic augmentation. Specifically, amnion products have shown promising effects in reducing epidural adhesions and scar tissue after spine surgery, improving spinal fusion rate and postoperative pain scores, and promoting better functional outcomes after spine surgery. CONCLUSIONS A review of the limited number of reported studies revealed a wide variety of amniotic membrane preparations, treatment regimens, and indications, which limit definitive conclusions. To date, while there is no definitive clinical proof that amniotic tissues enhance tissue repair or regeneration, the aggregate results demonstrate promising basic science and outcomes potential in spinal surgery. Further study is warranted to determine whether this application is appropriate in the clinical setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This systematic review provides a summary of the existing literature regarding the use of amniotic membrane preparations, treatment regimens, and indications within spinal surgery. With the growing popularity and utilization of biologic agents such as amniotic membrane-derived products in orthopedic and neurologic surgery, this systematic review gives physicians a concise summary on the outcomes and indications associated with amniotic membrane products. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lane Moore
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - David G Deckey
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jordan R Pollock
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - John M Tokish
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew T Neal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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14
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Yudintceva N, Mikhailova N, Fedorov V, Samochernych K, Vinogradova T, Muraviov A, Shevtsov M. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:662. [PMID: 36354573 PMCID: PMC9687734 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive in various fields of regenerative medicine due to their therapeutic potential and complex unique properties. Basic stem cell research and the global COVID-19 pandemic have given impetus to the development of cell therapy for infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to systematize scientific data on the applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in the combined treatment of infectious diseases. Application of MSCs and MSC-EVs in the treatment of infectious diseases has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, and also promotes the restoration of the epithelium and stimulates tissue regeneration. The use of MSC-EVs is a promising cell-free treatment strategy that allows solving the problems associated with the safety of cell therapy and increasing its effectiveness. In this review, experimental data and clinical trials based on MSCs and MSC-EVs for the treatment of infectious diseases are presented. MSCs and MSC-EVs can be a promising tool for the treatment of various infectious diseases, particularly in combination with antiviral drugs. Employment of MSC-derived EVs represents a more promising strategy for cell-free treatment, demonstrating a high therapeutic potential in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yudintceva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Natalia Mikhailova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Fedorov
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Konstantin Samochernych
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Tatiana Vinogradova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 191036, Russia
| | - Alexandr Muraviov
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 191036, Russia
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
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15
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Noh SE, Lee SJ, Lee TG, Park KS, Kim JH. Inhibition of Cellular Senescence Hallmarks by Mitochondrial Transplantation in Senescence-induced ARPE-19 cells. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 121:157-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huang Y, Zhu M, Liu Z, Hu R, Li F, Song Y, Geng Y, Ma W, Song K, Zhang M. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in premature ovarian failure: Mechanisms and prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997808. [PMID: 36389844 PMCID: PMC9646528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common female reproductive disorder and characterized by menopause, increased gonadotropin levels and estrogen deficiency before the age of 40 years old. The etiologies and pathogenesis of POF are not fully clear. At present, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment options for POF. It helps to ameliorate perimenopausal symptoms and related health risks, but can't restore ovarian function and fertility fundamentally. With the development of regenerative medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown great potential for the recovery of ovarian function and fertility based on the advantages of abundant sources, high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, low immunogenicity and less ethical considerations. This systematic review aims to summarize the possible therapeutic mechanisms of BMSCs for POF. A detailed search strategy of preclinical studies and clinical trials on BMSCs and POF was performed on PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase database. A total of 21 studies were included in this review. Although the standardization of BMSCs need more explorations, there is no doubt that BMSCs transplantation may represent a prospective therapy for POF. It is hope to provide a theoretical basis for further research and treatment for POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yufan Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kunkun Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Mingmin Zhang, ; Kunkun Song,
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Mingmin Zhang, ; Kunkun Song,
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17
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Bone marrow aspirate concentrate quality is affected by age and harvest site. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 31:2140-2151. [PMID: 36156111 PMCID: PMC10183435 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-07153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the number and properties of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) collected from bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) obtained from different harvest sites and from patients of different ages. METHODS BMAC was obtained from two groups of patients based on age (n = 10 per group): 19.0 ± 2.7 years for the younger and 56.8 ± 12.5 for the older group. In the latter, BMAC was obtained from both iliac crest and proximal tibia for a donor-matched analysis. Mononucleated cell count and CFU-F assay were performed, together with phenotype characterization of BMSCs from iliac crest and proximal tibia, the study of chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity, histological staining and spectrophotometric quantification, and the analysis of mRNAs expression. RESULTS Cells derived from iliac crest and proximal tibia showed the same phenotypic pattern at flow cytometry, as well as similar chondrogenic and osteogenic potential. However, a significantly higher number of mononuclear cells per ml was observed in younger patients (3.8 ± 1.8 × 107) compared to older patients (1.2 ± 0.8 × 107) (p < 0.0005). The latter yield, obtained from the iliac crest, was significantly higher than resulting from the BMAC harvested from the proximal tibia in the same group of patients (0.3 ± 0.2 × 107, p < 0.0005). This result was confirmed by the CFU-F analysis at day 10 (15.9 ± 19.4 vs 0.6 ± 1.0, p = 0.001) and day-20 (21.7 ± 23.0 vs 2.9 ± 4.2, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Harvest site and age can affect the quality of BMAC. BMSCs obtained from iliac crest and proximal tibia present comparable mesenchymal markers expression as well as osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential, but iliac crest BMAC presents a four times higher number of mononucleated cells with significantly higher clonogenic capacity compared to the tibia. BMAC of younger patients also had a three-time higher number of mononucleated cells. The identification of BMAC characteristics could help to optimize its preparation and to identify the most suitable indications for this orthobiologic treatment in the clinical practice.
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18
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Ma TL, Chen JX, Ke ZR, Zhu P, Hu YH, Xie J. Targeting regulation of stem cell exosomes: Exploring novel strategies for aseptic loosening of joint prosthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:925841. [PMID: 36032702 PMCID: PMC9399432 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.925841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis is a major long-term complication of total joint replacement. A series of biological reactions caused by the interaction of wear particles at the prosthesis bone interface and surrounding bone tissue cells after artificial joint replacement are vital reasons for aseptic loosening. Disorder of bone metabolism and aseptic inflammation induced by wear particles are involved in the occurrence and development of aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. Promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis and mediating osteoclasts and inflammation may be beneficial in preventing the aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. Current research about the prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening of the prosthesis focuses on drug, gene, and stem cell therapy and has not yet achieved satisfactory clinical efficacy or has not been used in clinical practice. Exosomes are a kind of typical extracellular vehicle. In recent years, stem cell exosomes (Exos) have been widely used to regulate bone metabolism, block inflammation, and have broad application prospects in tissue repair and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Impants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Xian Chen
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Ke
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-He Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Impants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-He Hu, ; Jie Xie,
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Impants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-He Hu, ; Jie Xie,
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19
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Su CA, Jildeh TR, Vopat ML, Waltz RA, Millett PJ, Provencher MT, Philippon MJ, Huard J. Current State of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Cell-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Tendon and Ligament Injuries. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:1406-1414. [PMID: 35867717 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
➤ Orthobiologics encompass numerous substances that are naturally found in the human body including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), isolated growth factors, and cell therapy approaches to theoretically optimize and improve the healing of cartilage, fractures, and injured muscles, tendons, and ligaments. ➤ PRP is an autologous derivative of whole blood generated by centrifugation and is perhaps the most widely used orthobiologic treatment modality. Despite a vast amount of literature on its use in osteoarthritis as well as in tendon and ligament pathology, clinical efficacy results remain mixed, partly as a result of insufficient reporting of experimental details or exact compositions of PRP formulations used. ➤ Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from a variety of tissues, with the most common being bone marrow aspirate concentrate. Similar to PRP, clinical results in orthopaedics with MSCs have been highly variable, with the quality and concentration of MSCs being highly contingent on the site of procurement and the techniques of harvesting and preparation. ➤ Advances in novel orthobiologics, therapeutic targets, and customized orthobiologic therapy will undoubtedly continue to burgeon, with some early promising results from studies targeting fibrosis and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado
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20
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Kerzner B, Fortier LM, Swindell HW, McCormick JR, Kasson LB, Hevesi M, LaPrade RF, Mandelbaum BR, Chahla J. An Update on the Use of Orthobiologics Combined with Corrective Osteotomies for Osteoarthritis: Osteotomy Site and Intra-Articular Efficacy. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2022.150933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Palombella S, Perucca Orfei C, Castellini G, Gianola S, Lopa S, Mastrogiacomo M, Moretti M, de Girolamo L. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of human platelet lysate for mesenchymal stem cell cultures: comparison with fetal bovine serum and considerations on the production protocol. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:142. [PMID: 35379348 PMCID: PMC8981660 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culturing for cell therapies needs a step forward to be routinely used in clinical settings. Main concerns regard the use of animal origin reagents, in particular supplementing the culture medium with FBS. Lately, Human Platelet Lysate (HPL) has been proposed as animal-free alternative, described as an excellent supplement for culturing MSCs. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the current literature on the effect of HPL and FBS on ASCs and BMSCs. The primary outcome was the proliferation rate of cells cultured with FBS and HPL. Differences in terms of doubling time (DT) and population doubling (PD) were evaluated by meta-analysis, subgrouping data according to the cell type. A total of 35 articles were included. BMSCs and ASCs were used in 65.7% (23) and 28.6% (10) studies, respectively. Only two studies included both cell types. Overall, 22 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Among them, 9 articles described ASCs and 13 BMSCs. The results showed that BMSCs and ASCs cultured with 10% HPL and 5% HPL have lower DT and higher PD compared to cells cultured with 10% FBS. A possible correlation between the DT decrease and the application of at least 3 freeze/thaw cycles to induce platelet lysis was found. Additionally, HPL increased VEGF secretion and maintained the immuno-modulatory abilities for both cell types. The clarification reported here of the higher efficiency of HPL compared to FBS can help the transition of the scientific community towards clinical-related procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Palombella
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Castellini
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gianola
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy.,Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 6962, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, USI, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy.
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22
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Lin L, He E, Wang H, Guo W, Wu Z, Huang K, Zhao Q. Intravenous Transplantation of Human Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Trabecular Bone Loss in Osteoporotic Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:814949. [PMID: 35359450 PMCID: PMC8960386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.814949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hair follicles harbor a rich autologous stem cell pool and human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hHF-MSCs) have multi-lineage differentiation potential. Many sources of MSCs include hHF-MSCs have been attractive candidates for cell therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The present study is to explore the effect of intravenous transplantation of hHF-MSCs on bone mass in osteoporotic mice and its mechanism, and provides prospects for clinical applications for the treatment of osteoporosis with hHF-MSCs. Methods: Physically pull out about 20 hairs with intact hair follicles from the occipital area of the scalp of healthy volunteers, and extract hair follicle-derived fibroblast-like cells. These cells were cultured and characterized in vitro. Intravenous injection of hHF-MSCs was performed on ovariectomy-induced and age-related osteoporotic SCID mice for osteoporosis treatment. The mice were sacrificed 7 weeks after the second injection and samples were collected. The long bones and L1 vertebrae were collected for micro-CT scan, histomorphometry and immunohistochemical analysis. Peripheral serum were collected for ELISA analysis and antibody array. Results: Hair follicle-derived fibroblast-like cells were defined as hHF-MSCs. Intravenous transplantation of hHF-MSCs can better restores trabecular bone mass in osteoporotic mice. The double calcein labeling assay, trap staining of bones and ELISA analysis in peripheral serum showed enhanced bone formation and weakened bone resorption after transplantation. Antibody array and immunohistochemical analysis showed that several cytokines including OPG, Wnt2b, Noggin, VCAM-1 and RANKL might be involved in this process. Conclusion: Human HF-MSCs transplantation can combat trabecular bone loss induced by menopause and aging in mice. And the above mechanism that hHF-MSCs transplantation inhibits bone resorption and promote bone formation is related to OPG, Wnt2b, VCAM-1, Noggin and RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longshuai Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enjun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenkai Wu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenkai Wu, ; Kai Huang, ; Qinghua Zhao,
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing’an District, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenkai Wu, ; Kai Huang, ; Qinghua Zhao,
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenkai Wu, ; Kai Huang, ; Qinghua Zhao,
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23
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Borciani G, Ciapetti G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Baldini N. Strontium Functionalization of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Purposes: A Biological Point of View. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051724. [PMID: 35268956 PMCID: PMC8911212 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) is a trace element taken with nutrition and found in bone in close connection to native hydroxyapatite. Sr is involved in a dual mechanism of coupling the stimulation of bone formation with the inhibition of bone resorption, as reported in the literature. Interest in studying Sr has increased in the last decades due to the development of strontium ranelate (SrRan), an orally active agent acting as an anti-osteoporosis drug. However, the use of SrRan was subjected to some limitations starting from 2014 due to its negative side effects on the cardiac safety of patients. In this scenario, an interesting perspective for the administration of Sr is the introduction of Sr ions in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. This strategy has attracted attention thanks to its positive effects on bone formation, alongside the reduction of osteoclast activity, proven by in vitro and in vivo studies. The purpose of this review is to go through the classes of biomaterials most commonly used in BTE and functionalized with Sr, i.e., calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glasses, metal-based materials, and polymers. The works discussed in this review were selected as representative for each type of the above-mentioned categories, and the biological evaluation in vitro and/or in vivo was the main criterion for selection. The encouraging results collected from the in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations are outlined to highlight the potential applications of materials’ functionalization with Sr as an osteopromoting dopant in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Borciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366748
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory for Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) Isolated from Various Tissues of the Human Arthritic Knee Joint Possess Similar Multipotent Differentiation Potential. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins are applied in cell-based chondrogenic regeneration. However, there is a lack of comparability determining the most suitable cell source for the tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro chondrogenic potential of MSC-like cells from different tissue sources (bone marrow, meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, synovial membrane, and the infrapatellar fat pad removed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA)) and define which cell source is best suited for cartilage regeneration. (2) Methods: MSC-like cells were isolated from five donors and expanded using adherent monolayer cultures. Differentiation was induced by culture media containing specific growth factors. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 was used as the growth factor for chondrogenic differentiation. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis were induced in monolayer cultures for 27 days, while pellet cell cultures were used for chondrogenesis for 21 days. Control cultures were maintained under the same conditions. After, the differentiation period samples were analyzed, using histological and immunohistochemical staining, as well as molecularbiological analysis by RT-PCR, to assess the expression of specific marker genes. (3) Results: Plastic-adherent growth and in vitro trilineage differentiation capacity of all isolated cells were proven. Flow cytometry revealed the clear co-expression of surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 on all isolated cells. Adipogenesis was validated through the formation of lipid droplets, while osteogenesis was proven by the formation of calcium deposits within differentiated cell cultures. The formation of proteoglycans was observed during chondrogenesis in pellet cultures, with immunohistochemical staining revealing an increased relative gene expression of collagen type II. RT-PCR proved an elevated expression of specific marker genes after successful differentiation, with no significant differences regarding different cell source of native tissue. (4) Conclusions: Irrespective of the cell source of native tissue, all MSC-like cells showed multipotent differentiation potential in vitro. The multipotent differentiation capacity did not differ significantly, and chondrogenic differentiation was proven in all pellet cultures. Therefore, cell suitability for cell-based cartilage therapies and tissue engineering is given for various tissue origins that are routinely removed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study might provide essential information for the clinical tool of cell harvesting, leading to more flexibility in cell availability.
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Miyano K, Ikehata M, Ohshima K, Yoshida Y, Nose Y, Yoshihara SI, Oki K, Shiraishi S, Uzu M, Nonaka M, Higami Y, Uezono Y. Intravenous administration of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and umbilical cord improves neuropathic pain via suppression of neuronal damage and anti-inflammatory actions in rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262892. [PMID: 35157707 PMCID: PMC8843230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are isolated from adipose tissue (AD-MSCs), umbilical cord (UC-MSCs), or bone marrow, have therapeutic potential including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. It was recently reported that MSCs are also effective as a therapeutic treatment for neuropathic pain, although the underlying mechanisms have yet to be resolved. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of human AD- and UC-MSCs on neuropathic pain and its mechanisms using rat models of partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). AD- or UC-MSCs were intravenously administered 4 days after PSNL. Antinociceptive effects were then evaluated using the von Frey and weight-bearing tests. We found that, 3–9 days after the administration of AD- or UC-MSCs to PSNL-exposed rats, both the mechanical threshold and differences in weight-bearing of the right and left hind paws were significantly improved. To reveal the potential underlying antinociceptive mechanisms of MSCs, the levels of activation transcription factor 3- and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-positive cells were measured by immunohistochemical analysis. AD- and UC-MSCs significantly decreased the levels of these proteins that were induced by PSNL in the dorsal root ganglia. Additionally, UC-MSC significantly improved the PSNL-induced decrease in the myelin basic protein level in the sciatic nerve, indicating that UC-MSC reversed demyelination of the sciatic nerve produced by PSNL. These data suggest that AD- and UC-MSCs may help in the recovery of neuropathic pain via the different regulation; AD-MSCs exhibited their effects via suppressed neuronal damage and anti-inflammatory actions, while UC-MSCs exhibited their effects via suppressed neuronal damage, anti-inflammatory actions and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Miyano
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Minori Ikehata
- R&D Department, Biomimetics Sympathies Inc., Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Ohshima
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nose
- R&D Department, Biomimetics Sympathies Inc., Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Yoshihara
- R&D Department, Biomimetics Sympathies Inc., Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Oki
- R&D Department, Biomimetics Sympathies Inc., Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Shiraishi
- Division of Cancer Pathophysiology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miaki Uzu
- Vitrigel Project, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miki Nonaka
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Uezono
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Smith MM, Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Pentosan Polysulphate (PPS), a Semi-Synthetic Heparinoid DMOAD With Roles in Intervertebral Disc Repair Biology emulating The Stem Cell Instructive and Tissue Reparative Properties of Heparan Sulphate. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:406-430. [PMID: 35102748 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the attributes of pentosan polysulphate (PPS) in the promotion of intervertebral disc (IVD) repair processes. PPS has been classified as a disease modifying osteoarthritic drug (DMOAD) and many studies have demonstrated its positive attributes in the countering of degenerative changes occurring in cartilaginous tissues during the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative changes in the IVD also involve inflammatory cytokines, degradative proteases and cell signalling pathways similar to those operative in the development of OA in articular cartilage. PPS acts as a heparan sulphate (HS) mimetic to effect its beneficial effects in cartilage. The IVD contains small cell membrane HS-proteoglycans (HSPGs) such as syndecan, and glypican and a large multifunctional HS/chondroitin sulphate (CS) hybrid proteoglycan (HSPG2/perlecan) that have important matrix stabilising properties and sequester, control and present growth factors from the FGF, VEGF, PDGF and BMP families to cellular receptors to promote cell proliferation, differentiation and matrix synthesis. HSPG2 also has chondrogenic properties and stimulates the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, expansion of cartilaginous rudiments and has roles in matrix stabilisation and repair. Perlecan is a perinuclear and nuclear proteoglycan in IVD cells with roles in chromatin organisation and control of transcription factor activity, immunolocalises to stem cell niches in cartilage, promotes escape of stem cells from quiescent recycling, differentiation and attainment of pluripotency and migratory properties. These participate in tissue development and morphogenesis, ECM remodelling and repair. PPS also localises in the nucleus of stromal stem cells, promotes development of chondroprogenitor cell lineages, ECM synthesis and repair and discal repair by resident disc cells. The availability of recombinant perlecan and PPS offer new opportunities in repair biology. These multifunctional agents offer welcome new developments in repair strategies for the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- The University of Sydney Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, 247198, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Anthony J Hayes
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, UK, Bioimaging Unit, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - James Melrose
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Raymond Purves Lab, Sydney Medical School Northern, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, 2065.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2052;
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Puzzitiello RN, Dubin J, Menendez ME, Moverman MA, Pagani NR, Drager J, Salzler MJ. Public Opinion and Expectations of Stem Cell Therapies in Orthopaedics. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:3510-3517.e2. [PMID: 34126222 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore public opinion, understanding, and preferences regarding the use of stem cell therapies for the treatment of joint and tendon pathologies using online crowdsourcing. METHODS A 30-question survey was completed by 931 members of the public using Amazon Mechanical Turk, a validated crowdsourcing method. Outcomes included perceptions and preferences regarding the use of stem cells therapies for the nonsurgical treatment of orthopaedic conditions. Sociodemographic factors and a validated assessment of health literacy were collected. Inclusion criteria were adult participants 18 years or older, residence within the United States, and a valid Social Security number. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to determine population characteristics associated with the belief that stem cells represent the most effective treatment for long-standing joint or tendon disorders. RESULTS Most respondents reported that stem cell therapies have convincing evidence to support their use for orthopaedic conditions (84.5%) and are approved and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (65%). About three-quarters of respondents reported that stem cells can stop the progression of and alleviate pain from arthritis or damaged tendons, and over half (53.5%) reported that stem cells can cure arthritis. Factors with the greatest influence on respondents' decision to receive stem cell therapies are research supporting their safety and effectiveness and doctor recommendation. However, 63.3% of respondents stated that they would consider stem cells if their doctor recommended it, regardless of evidence supporting their effectiveness, and over half would seek another doctor if their orthopaedic surgeon did not offer this treatment option. CONCLUSIONS The public's limited understanding regarding the current evidence associated with stem cell therapies for osteoarthritis and tendinous pathologies may contribute to unrealistic expectations and misinformed decisions. This study highlights the importance of patient education and expectation setting, as well as evidence transparency, as stem cell therapies become increasingly accessible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Puzzitiello
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | | | - Mariano E Menendez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Michael A Moverman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas R Pagani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.; New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Justin Drager
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Matthew J Salzler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A..
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Combinations of Hydrogels and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) for Cartilage Tissue Engineering-A Review of the Literature. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040217. [PMID: 34842678 PMCID: PMC8628761 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage offers limited regenerative capacity. Cell-based approaches have emerged as a promising alternative in the treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis. Due to their easy accessibility, abundancy, and chondrogenic potential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer an attractive cell source. MSCs are often combined with natural or synthetic hydrogels providing tunable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and enhanced cell functionality. In this review, we focused on the different advantages and disadvantages of various natural, synthetic, and modified hydrogels. We examined the different combinations of MSC-subpopulations and hydrogels used for cartilage engineering in preclinical and clinical studies and reviewed the effects of added growth factors or gene transfer on chondrogenesis in MSC-laden hydrogels. The aim of this review is to add to the understanding of the disadvantages and advantages of various combinations of MSC-subpopulations, growth factors, gene transfers, and hydrogels in cartilage engineering.
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Amadeo F, Trivino Cepeda K, Littlewood J, Wilm B, Taylor A, Murray P. Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action? Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:549-562. [PMID: 34495324 PMCID: PMC8589440 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been found to be safe and effective in a wide range of animal models of human disease. MSCs have been tested in thousands of clinical trials, but results show that while these cells appear to be safe, they tend to lack efficacy. This has raised questions about whether animal models are useful for predicting efficacy in patients. However, a problem with animal studies is that there is a lack of standardisation in the models and MSC therapy regimes used; there appears to be publication bias towards studies reporting positive outcomes; and the reproducibility of results from animal experiments tends not to be confirmed prior to clinical translation. A further problem is that while some progress has been made towards investigating the mechanisms of action (MoA) of MSCs, we still fail to understand how they work. To make progress, it is important to ensure that prior to clinical translation, the beneficial effects of MSCs in animal studies are real and can be repeated by independent research groups. We also need to understand the MoA of MSCs to assess whether their effects are likely to be beneficial across different species. In this review, we give an overview of the current clinical picture of MSC therapies and discuss what we have learned from animal studies. We also give a comprehensive update of what we know about the MoA of MSCs, particularly in relation to their role in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Amadeo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Katherine Trivino Cepeda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - James Littlewood
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
- Centre for Pre-clinical Imaging, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 3GE Liverpool, U.K
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Dregalla RC, Herrera JA, Donner EJ. Red blood cells and their releasates compromise bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell survival in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:547. [PMID: 34674751 PMCID: PMC8529765 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) in the treatment of inflammatory orthopedic conditions has become a common practice. The therapeutic effect of BMA/BMC is thought to revolve primarily around the mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) population residing within the nucleated cell fraction. MSCs have the unique ability to respond to site of injury via the secretion of immunomodulating factors, resolving inflammation in diseased joints. Recently, the importance of hematocrit (HCT) in BMC has been debated, as the potential impact on MSC function is unknown. In the present study, we investigate MSC health over a short time-course following exposure to a range of HCT and red blood cell releasate (RBCrel) conditions. METHODS Bone marrow-derived human MSCs in early passage were grown under conditions of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% HCT and RBCrel conditions for 3 days. At each day, the percentage of viable, apoptotic and necrotic MSCs was determined via flow cytometry. Relative viable MSC counts in each condition was determined to account for dynamic changes in overall MSC densities over the time-course. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA comparing test conditions to the control followed by a Dunnett's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Significant reductions in viable MSCs concurrent with an increase in necrotic MSCs in high HCT and RBCrel conditions was observed within 24 h. At each successive timepoint, the percent and relative number of viable MSCs were reduced, becoming significant in multiple HCT and RBCrel conditions by Day 3. Necrosis appears to be the initial mode of MSC death following exposure to HCT and RBCrel, followed by apoptosis in surviving MSC fractions. CONCLUSION Various levels of HCT and RBCrel severely compromise MSC health within 3 days and HCT should be controlled in the preparation of BMC products. Further, HCT of BMCs should be routinely recorded and tracked with patient outcomes along with routine metrics (e.g. nucleated cell counts, fibroblast-colony forming units). Differences in HCT may account for the inconsistencies in the efficacy of BMC reported when treating orthopedic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Christopher Dregalla
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA. .,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.
| | - Jessica Ann Herrera
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA
| | - Edward Jeffery Donner
- 4795 Larimer Parkway, Elite Regenerative Stem Cell Specialists, LLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,R&D Regenerative Laboratory Resources, LLC, 4795 Larimer Parkway, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA.,4795 Larimer Parkway, Colorado Spine Institute, PLLC, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA
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Rhim HC, Jeon OH, Han SB, Bae JH, Suh DW, Jang KM. Mesenchymal stem cells for enhancing biological healing after meniscal injuries. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1005-1029. [PMID: 34567422 PMCID: PMC8422933 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The meniscus is a semilunar fibrocartilage structure that plays important roles in maintaining normal knee biomechanics and function. The roles of the meniscus, including load distribution, force transmission, shock absorption, joint stability, lubrication, and proprioception, have been well established. Injury to the meniscus can disrupt overall joint stability and cause various symptoms including pain, swelling, giving-way, and locking. Unless treated properly, it can lead to early degeneration of the knee joint. Because meniscal injuries remain a significant challenge due to its low intrinsic healing potential, most notably in avascular and aneural inner two-thirds of the area, more efficient repair methods are needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo. Thus far, the application of MSCs, including bone marrow-derived, synovium-derived, and adipose-derived MSCs, has shown promising results in preclinical studies in different animal models. These preclinical studies could be categorized into intra-articular injection and tissue-engineered construct application according to delivery method. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, there is still a lack of clinical evidence. This review describes the basic knowledge, current treatment, and recent studies regarding the application of MSCs in treating meniscal injuries. Future directions for MSC-based approaches to enhance meniscal healing are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Chang Rhim
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Ok Hee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Beom Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Bae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Won Suh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Barunsesang Hospital, Seongnam 13497, South Korea
| | - Ki-Mo Jang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Seoul, South Korea
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Tawonsawatruk T, Kanchanathepsak T, Duangchan T, Aswamenakul K, Supokawej A. Feasibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells harvesting from forearm bone. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07639. [PMID: 34381898 PMCID: PMC8334379 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cell is a promising therapeutic option in orthopedic filed and regenerative medicine. The feasibility of isolation method and characterization of Mesenchymal stem cell including growth kinetics, immunophenotypes and differentiation potency from small volume aspiration harvested from ulna and radius should be evaluated in order to utilize this cell in hand surgery. Materials and methods Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and characterized from bone marrow of 12 patients who underwent internal fixation of fractures at radius or ulna. Population doubling time & clonogenic ability, immunophenotypes and trilineage differentiation potential of Mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated. Results Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow were attached to plastic flasks and became homogenous monolayer of fibroblast-like cells. They exhibited clonogenic ability and demonstrated positive markers which were shown by CD 73, CD 90, and CD 105 and negative markers which were shown by CD 34, CD 45. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from this source were capable of osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. Discussion This study demonstrated the feasibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells harvested from forearm bone marrow with small volume samples. This source should be useful in tissue engineering strategy or orthobiologic approach in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thepparat Kanchanathepsak
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thitinat Duangchan
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Kuneerat Aswamenakul
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Gervasi NM, Dimtchev A, Clark DM, Dingle M, Pisarchik AV, Nesti LJ. C-terminal domain small phosphatase 1 (CTDSP1) regulates growth factor expression and axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve tissue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14462. [PMID: 34262056 PMCID: PMC8280205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral Nerve Injury (PNI) represents a major clinical and economic burden. Despite the ability of peripheral neurons to regenerate their axons after an injury, patients are often left with motor and/or sensory disability and may develop chronic pain. Successful regeneration and target organ reinnervation require comprehensive transcriptional changes in both injured neurons and support cells located at the site of injury. The expression of most of the genes required for axon growth and guidance and for synapsis formation is repressed by a single master transcriptional regulator, the Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription factor (REST). Sustained increase of REST levels after injury inhibits axon regeneration and leads to chronic pain. As targeting of transcription factors is challenging, we tested whether modulation of REST activity could be achieved through knockdown of carboxy-terminal domain small phosphatase 1 (CTDSP1), the enzyme that stabilizes REST by preventing its targeting to the proteasome. To test whether knockdown of CTDSP1 promotes neurotrophic factor expression in both support cells located at the site of injury and in peripheral neurons, we transfected mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), a type of support cells that are present at high concentrations at the site of injury, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with REST or CTDSP1 specific siRNA. We quantified neurotrophic factor expression by RT-qPCR and Western blot, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) release in the cell culture medium by ELISA, and we measured neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons in culture. Our results show that CTDSP1 knockdown promotes neurotrophic factor expression in both DRG neurons and the support cells MPCs, and promotes DRG neuron regeneration. Therapeutics targeting CTDSP1 activity may, therefore, represent a novel epigenetic strategy to promote peripheral nerve regeneration after PNI by promoting the regenerative program repressed by injury-induced increased levels of REST in both neurons and support cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen M Gervasi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Alcamena Stem Cell Therapeutics, 1450 South Rolling Road, Suite 4.069, Halethorpe, MD, 21227, USA
| | - Alexander Dimtchev
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Desraj M Clark
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Marvin Dingle
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Alexander V Pisarchik
- Alcamena Stem Cell Therapeutics, 1450 South Rolling Road, Suite 4.069, Halethorpe, MD, 21227, USA.
| | - Leon J Nesti
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4801 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
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Comparison of Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Dental-Derived Stem Cells Isolated from Dental Pulp, Periodontal Ligament, Dental Follicle, and Alveolar Bone. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6631905. [PMID: 33927769 PMCID: PMC8049831 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6631905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become promising candidates for regeneration medicine due to their multidifferentiation potential and immunomodulatory ability. Compared with classic MSCs derived from the bone marrow and fat, dental-derived MSCs show high plasticity, accessibility, and applicability. Therefore, they are considered alternative sources for regeneration medicine. Methods Four types of MSCs were isolated from the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental follicle, and alveolar bone of the same donor, and there were five different individuals. We analyzed their morphology, immunophenotype, proliferation rate, apoptosis, trilineage differentiation potential, and the gene expression during osteogenic differentiation. Results Our research demonstrated that DPSCs, PDLSCs, DFPCs and ABMMSCs exhibited similar morphology and immunophenotype. DFPCs showed a higher rate of proliferation and apoptosis. When cultured in the trilineage differentiation medium, all types of MSCs presented the differentiation potential of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Through staining and genetic analysis during osteogenic induction, ABMMSCs and PDLSCs showed the highest osteogenic ability, followed by DPSCs, and DFPCs were the lowest. Conclusions Overall, our results indicated that different dental-derived stem cells possessed different biological characteristics. For bone tissue engineering, ABMMSCs and PDLSCs can be used as optimal candidates of seed cells.
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The Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Homing Capabilities to Regenerate the Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073519. [PMID: 33805356 PMCID: PMC8036861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (LBP) remains a challenging condition to treat, and especially to cure. If conservative treatment approaches fail, the current “gold standard” for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-provoked back pain is spinal fusion. However, due to its invasive and destructive nature, the focus of orthopedic research related to the intervertebral disc (IVD) has shifted more towards cell-based therapeutic approaches. They aim to reduce or even reverse the degenerative cascade by mimicking the human body’s physiological healing system. The implementation of progenitor and/or stem cells and, in particular, the delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has revealed significant potential to cure the degenerated/injured IVD. Over the past decade, many research groups have invested efforts to find ways to utilize these cells as efficiently and sustainably as possible. This narrative literature review presents a summary of achievements made with the application of MSCs for the regeneration of the IVD in recent years, including their preclinical and clinical applications. Moreover, this review presents state-of-the-art strategies on how the homing capabilities of MSCs can be utilized to repair damaged or degenerated IVDs, as well as their current limitations and future perspectives.
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Granados-Montiel J, Cruz-Lemini M, Rangel-Escareño C, Martinez-Nava G, Landa-Solis C, Gomez-Garcia R, Lopez-Reyes A, Espinosa-Gutierrez A, Ibarra C. SERPINA9 and SERPINB2: Novel Cartilage Lineage Differentiation Markers of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Kartogenin. Cartilage 2021; 12:102-111. [PMID: 30373376 PMCID: PMC7755963 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518809403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a promising source for regenerative medicine, especially mesodermal lineages. Clinical applications require an understanding of the mechanisms for transcriptional control to maintain the desired cell type. The aim of this study was to identify novel markers for differentiation of hMSCs into bone or cartilage with the use of Kartogenin, by RNA analysis using microarray technology, and explore the role of RhoA-Rho associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition in these. METHODS Commercial human bone marrow derived primary mesenchymal stem cells were purchased from ATCC. Cells were differentiated in vitro in 2-dimensional cultures using Kartogenin as the main cartilage inducer and bone morphogenetic protein 2 for bone differentiation; cells were cultured with and without ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. After 21 days of culture, whole RNA was extracted and analyzed via Affimetrix microarrays. The most significant hits were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found a total of 1,757 genes that were either up- or downregulated on differentiation, when compared to P1 hMSC (control) at day 0 of differentiation. Two members of the Serpin superfamily, SERPINA9 and SERPINB2, were significantly upregulated in the cartilage groups, whereas they were unchanged in the bone groups with and without ROCK inhibition. CONCLUSIONS SERPINA9 and SERPINB2 are novel differentiation markers, and molecular regulator candidates for hMSC lineage commitment toward bone and cartilage, providing a new tool for regenerative medicine. Our study highlights the roles of these 2 genes, with significant upregulation of both in cell cultures stimulated with Kartogenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Granados-Montiel
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Monica Cruz-Lemini
- Fetal Medicine Mexico Foundation and Fetal Surgery Unit, Children and Women’s Specialty Hospital of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Martinez-Nava
- Synovioanalysis Molecular Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Landa-Solis
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Garcia
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Lopez-Reyes
- Synovioanalysis Molecular Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Espinosa-Gutierrez
- Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clemente Ibarra
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City, Mexico,Clemente Ibarra, Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco No. 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14389, Mexico.
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Li D, Zeng Q, Jiang Z, Ding L, Lu W, Bian M, Wu J. Induction of notochordal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal‑derived stem cells via the stimulation of notochordal cell‑rich nucleus pulposus tissue. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:162. [PMID: 33355376 PMCID: PMC7789091 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue, initiated following the disappearance of notochordal cells (NCs), is characterized by the decreased number of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells (NPCs) and extracellular matrix. Transplanting proper cells into the IVD may sustain cell numbers, resulting in the synthesis of new matrix; this represents a minimally invasive regenerative therapy. However, the lack of cells with a correct phenotype severely hampers the development of regenerative therapy. The present study aimed to investigate whether porcine NC‑rich NP tissue stimulates bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM‑MSC) differentiation toward NC‑like cells, which possess promising regenerative ability, for the treatment of disc degeneration diseases. BM‑MSCs were successfully isolated from porcine femurs and tibiae, which expressed CD90 and CD105 markers and did not express CD45. Differentiation induction experiments revealed that the isolated cells had osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. When co‑cultured with NC‑rich NP tissue, the BM‑MSCs successfully differentiated into NC‑like cells. Cell morphological analysis revealed that the cells exhibited an altered morphology, from a shuttle‑like to a circular one, and the expression of NC marker genes, including brachyury, keratin‑8, and keratin‑18, was enhanced, and the cells exhibited the ability to generate aggrecan and collagen II. Taken together, the findings of the present study demonstrated that the primarily isolated and cultured BM‑MSCs may be stimulated to differentiate into NC‑like cells by porcine NC‑rich NP explants, potentially providing an ideal cell source for regenerative therapies for disc degeneration diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Qingmin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Zengxin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai TCM‑Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Mengxuan Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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Coelho A, Alvites RD, Branquinho MV, Guerreiro SG, Maurício AC. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in COVID-19 Patients: Literature Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602647. [PMID: 33330498 PMCID: PMC7710935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, an outbreak of an unknown coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 - responsible for COVID-19 disease, was first reported in China, and evolved into a pandemic of huge dimensions and raised serious concerns for global health. The number of critical cases continues to increase dramatically, while vaccines and specific treatments are not yet available. There are several strategies currently being studied for the treatment of adverse symptoms of COVID-19, that encompass Acute Lung Injury (ALI)/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), extensive pulmonary inflammation, cytokine storm, and pulmonary edema, due to virus-induced pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are at the origin of new revolutionary treatments, which may come to be applied in such as Regenerative Medicine, Immunotherapy, Tissue Engineering, and Cell and Molecular Biology due to immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activity. MSCs have already been studied with positive outcomes for other lung pathologies, thus representing and being identified as an important opportunity for the treatment of COVID-19. It has recently been shown that these cells allow hopeful and effective therapies for serious or critical COVID-19, minimizing its adverse symptoms. In this study we will analyze the MSCs, their origin, differentiation, and therapeutic potential, making a bridge with the COVID-19 disease and its characteristics, as a potential therapeutic strategy but also reporting recent studies where these cell-based therapies were used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Coelho
- Biotecnologia Medicinal, Escola Superior de Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Damásio Alvites
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal, Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vieira Branquinho
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal, Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana G. Guerreiro
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal, Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Jacob G, Shimomura K, Nakamura N. Osteochondral Injury, Management and Tissue Engineering Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580868. [PMID: 33251212 PMCID: PMC7673409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions (OL) are a common clinical problem for orthopedic surgeons worldwide and are associated with multiple clinical scenarios ranging from trauma to osteonecrosis. OL vary from chondral lesions in that they involve the subchondral bone and chondral surface, making their management more complex than an isolated chondral injury. Subchondral bone involvement allows for a natural healing response from the body as marrow elements are able to come into contact with the defect site. However, this repair is inadequate resulting in fibrous scar tissue. The second differentiating feature of OL is that damage to the subchondral bone has deleterious effects on the mechanical strength and nutritive capabilities to the chondral joint surface. The clinical solution must, therefore, address both the articular cartilage as well as the subchondral bone beneath it to restore and preserve joint health. Both cartilage and subchondral bone have distinctive functional requirements and therefore their physical and biological characteristics are very much dissimilar, yet they must work together as one unit for ideal joint functioning. In the past, the obvious solution was autologous graft transfer, where an osteochondral bone plug was harvested from a non-weight bearing portion of the joint and implanted into the defect site. Allografts have been utilized similarly to eliminate the donor site morbidity associated with autologous techniques and overall results have been good but both techniques have their drawbacks and limitations. Tissue engineering has thus been an attractive option to create multiphasic scaffolds and implants. Biphasic and triphasic implants have been under explored and have both a chondral and subchondral component with an interface between the two to deliver an implant which is biocompatible and emulates the osteochondral unit as a whole. It has been a challenge to develop such implants and many manufacturing techniques have been utilized to bring together two unalike materials and combine them with cellular therapies. We summarize the functions of the osteochondral unit and describe the currently available management techniques under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jacob
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tejasvini Hospital, Mangalore, India
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Muench LN, Baldino JB, Berthold DP, Kia C, Lebaschi A, Cote MP, McCarthy MB, Mazzocca AD. Subacromial Bursa-Derived Cells Demonstrate High Proliferation Potential Regardless of Patient Demographics and Rotator Cuff Tear Characteristics. Arthroscopy 2020; 36:2794-2802. [PMID: 32554077 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of patient demographics and rotator cuff tear characteristics on the cellular proliferation potential of subacromial bursa-derived cells (SBDCs). METHODS Patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between December 2017 and February 2019 were considered for enrollment in the study. Basic demographic information as well as medical and surgical history were obtained for each patient. Subacromial bursa was harvested from over the rotator cuff tendon. Cellular proliferation was evaluated after 3 weeks of incubation by counting nucleated SBDCs. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed to confirm the presence of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) specific surface markers. Using preoperative radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), severity of cuff tear arthropathy, and rotator cuff tear characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS Seventy-three patients (mean age: 57.2 ± 8.5 years) were included in the study. There was no significant difference in cellular proliferation of SBDCs when evaluating the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and presence of systemic comorbidities (p > .05, respectively). Similarly, there was no significant difference in cellular proliferation of SBDCs when looking at rotator cuff tear characteristics (size, tendon retraction, fatty infiltration, muscle atrophy), AHD, or severity of cuff tear arthropathy (p > .05). FACS analysis confirmed nucleated SBDCs to have a high positive rate of MSC specific surface markers. CONCLUSION Subacromial bursa consistently demonstrated a high cellular proliferation potential regardless of patient demographics, rotator cuff tear characteristics, and severity of glenohumeral joint degeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings may alleviate concerns that subacromial bursa might lose cellular proliferation potential when being used for biologic augmentation in massive and degenerated rotator cuff tears, thus assisting in predicting tendon healing and facilitating surgical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas N Muench
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Joshua B Baldino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, U.S.A
| | - Daniel P Berthold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, U.S.A
| | - Cameron Kia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, U.S.A
| | - Amir Lebaschi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, U.S.A
| | - Mark P Cote
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, U.S.A
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Kim SA, Park HY, Shin YW, Go EJ, Kim YJ, Kim YC, Shetty AA, Kim SJ. Hemovac blood after total knee arthroplasty as a source of stem cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1406. [PMID: 33313151 PMCID: PMC7723525 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background With increasing life expectancy, stem cell therapy is receiving increasing attention. However, its application is restricted by ethical concerns. Hence a need exists for design of safe procedures for stem cell procurement. Here, we investigated whether hemovac blood (HVB) is an appropriate stem cell source. Methods HVB concentrates (HVBCs) from 20 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) concentrates (BMACs) from 15 patients who underwent knee cartilage repair were comparatively evaluated. A bone marrow aspiration needle was inserted into the anterior superior iliac spine. Aspiration was performed using a 50-mL syringe, including 4 mL of anticoagulant, followed by centrifugation to obtain BMACs. To obtain HVBCs, blood was aspirated from the hemovac immediately after TKA surgery. Different cell types were enumerated. Isolation of BMA and HVB mononuclear cells was performed using density gradient centrifugation. Non-hematopoietic fibroblast colonies were quantified by colony forming unit-fibroblast assay surface marker analysis of HVB, HVBC, BMA, and BMAC was performed via flow cytometry. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from HVBCs and BMACs were examined for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The number of cells from HVB and HVBC was significantly lower than from BMA and BMAC; however, the number of colonies in HVBC and BMAC did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Isolated cells from both sources had a fibroblast-like appearance, adhered to culture flasks, and formed colonies. Under different culture conditions, MSC-specific surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105), osteogenic markers [RUNX2, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and adipogenic markers (PPARγ and C/EBPα) were expressed. Moreover, SOX9, type II collagen, and aggrecan were significantly upregulated upon chondrogenic differentiation. Conclusions HVB from TKA patients is a useful source of stem cells for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Youn Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Inje University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Go
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Nursing Education & Administration, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Chang Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Asode Ananthram Shetty
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chiarella E, Lombardo N, Lobello N, Aloisio A, Aragona T, Pelaia C, Scicchitano S, Bond HM, Mesuraca M. Nasal Polyposis: Insights in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Differentiation of Polyp Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6878. [PMID: 32961745 PMCID: PMC7555226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory disease of paranasal sinuses, which causes rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and hyposmia. The genetic predisposition or the exposure to irritants can sustain the inflammatory response and the development of nasal polyposis. Nasal polyps are benign and teardrop-shaped growths that project in the nasal cavities, and originate from the ethmoid sinuses. This inflammatory process is associated with high expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and IgE. Antibodies targeting these cytokines or receptors represent a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of nasal polyposis in combination with corticosteroids. The molecular pathogenesis of nasal polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients is associated with remodeling transition, a process in which epithelial cells lose their typical phenotype, acquiring a mesenchymal-like aspect. TGFβ/SMAD, ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are altered during the nasal tissue remodeling. miRNA and inhibitor molecules targeting these signaling pathways are able to interfere with the process; which could lead to alternative therapies. Nasal polyps are an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be isolated from surgical biopsies. A molecular understanding of the biology of PO-MSCs will contribute to the delineating inflammatory process underlying the development of nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.C.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Nicola Lombardo
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Nadia Lobello
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.C.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Teodoro Aragona
- Otolaryngology, A.O.U. Ospedali Riuniti, 60123 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.C.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Heather Mandy Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.C.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.C.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
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Ficklscherer A, Zhang AZ, Beer T, Gülecyüz MF, Klar RM, Safi E, Woiczinski M, Jansson V, Müller PE. The effect of autologous Achilles bursal tissue implants in tendon-to-bone healing of rotator cuff tears in rats. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:1892-1900. [PMID: 32299772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of autologous bursal tissue derived from the Achilles bursa on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff tear repair in a rat model. METHODS A total of 136 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either an untreated or a bursal tissue application group or biomechanical testing and histologic testing after rotator cuff repair. After separating the supraspinatus tendon close to the greater tuberosity, the tendon was reattached either unaltered or with a bursal tissue interposition sewn onto the interface. Immunohistologic analysis was performed 1 and 7 weeks after supraspinatus tendon reinsertion. Biomechanical testing of the tendon occurred 6 and 7 weeks after reinsertion. RESULTS Immunohistologic results demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of Type II collagen (P = .04) after 1 and 7 weeks in the tendon-to-bone interface using autologous bursal tissue in comparison to control specimens. The bursa group showed a significantly higher collagen I to III quotient (P = .03) at 1 week after surgery in comparison to the 7-week postsurgery bursa groups and controls. Biomechanical assessment showed that overall tendon stiffness (P = .002) and the tendon viscoelasticity in the bursa group (P = .003) was significantly improved after 6 and 7 weeks. There was no significant difference (P = .55) in force to failure between the bursa group and the control group after 6 and 7 weeks. CONCLUSION Autologous bursal tissue derived from the Achilles bursa and implanted to the tendon-to-bone interface after rotator cuff repair facilitates a faster healing response to re-establish the biologic and biomechanical integrity of the rotator cuff in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ficklscherer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Z Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Beer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehmet F Gülecyüz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Klar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elem Safi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Woiczinski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Dilogo IH, Rahmatika D, Pawitan JA, Liem IK, Kurniawati T, Kispa T, Mujadid F. Allogeneic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treating critical-sized bone defects: a translational study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2020; 31:265-273. [PMID: 32804289 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current 'gold-standard' treatment of critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) is autografts; however, they have drawbacks including lack of massive bone source donor site morbidity, incomplete remodeling, and the risk of infection. One potential treatment for treating CSBDs is bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Previously, there were no studies regarding the use of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) for treating BDs. We aim to investigate the use of allogeneic hUC-MSCs for treating CSBDs. METHOD We included subjects who were diagnosed with non-union fracture with CSBDs who agreed to undergo hUC-MSCs implantation. All patients were given allogeneic hUC-MSCs. All MSCs were obtained and cultured using the multiple-harvest explant method. Subjects were evaluated functionally using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and radiologically by volume defect reduction. RESULT A total of seven (3 male, 4 female) subjects were recruited for this study. The subjects age ranged from 14 to 62 years. All seven subjects had increased LEFS during the end of the follow-up period, indicating improved functional ability. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 36 months. One subject had wound dehiscence and infection, and two subjects developed partial union. CONCLUSION Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are a potential new treatment for CSBDs. Additional studies with larger samples and control groups are required to further investigate the safety and efficacy of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treating CSBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hadisoebroto Dilogo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Dina Rahmatika
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
- Department Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Isabella Kurnia Liem
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba 6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Kurniawati
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tera Kispa
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
| | - Fajar Mujadid
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, CMU 2 Building 5th Floor, Jl. Diponegoro 71, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia
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Li P, Ma X, Jin W, Li X, Hu J, Jiang X, Guo X. Effects of local injection and intravenous injection of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the structure and function of damaged anal sphincter in rats. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:989-1000. [PMID: 32537834 DOI: 10.1002/term.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anal sphincter injury leads to damage to the anal structure and functions and has been identified as a major risk factor for fecal incontinence. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with capacities of multidifferentiation, paracrine, and low immunogenicity have been widely used in tissue repair and regeneration. The primary objective of this research was to compare the effects of different injection therapies of BMSCs on the injured anal sphincters. Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 24 each): intravenous injection, local injection, sham operation, and normal control. For the first three groups, 25% removal of the anal sphincter complex was performed and 0.3-ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (containing 107 green fluorescent protein-labeled allogeneic BMSCs) was given accordingly to the treatment group 24 h after operation for 7 consecutive days. The sham operation group was injected with 0.3-ml PBS only. All cases had undergone evaluation in the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 28th postoperative days. The rats were sacrificed on the 28th postoperative day, and the anal sphincters were dissected to be analyzed by morphological examination. At 14 days postoperatively, local injection of BMSC significantly improved the peak contraction pressure, electromyography amplitude, and frequency of the injured anal sphincter compared with tail vein, but there was no significant difference in resting pressure until 28 days after sphincterectomy. Masson staining results confirmed that the local injection group had significantly more new muscles on the wound. BMSC could remarkably improve peak contraction pressure, electromyography amplitude, and muscle fibers on the wound, and local injection is superior to intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Anorectal, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Jin
- Department of Anorectal, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Department of Anorectal, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Anorectal, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiutian Guo
- Department of Anorectal, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Arutyunyan IV, Fatkhudinov TK, Makarov AV, Elchaninov AV, Sukhikh GT. Regenerative medicine of pancreatic islets. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2948-2966. [PMID: 32587441 PMCID: PMC7304103 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i22.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas became one of the first objects of regenerative medicine, since other possibilities of dealing with the pancreatic endocrine insufficiency were clearly exhausted. The number of people living with diabetes mellitus is currently approaching half a billion, hence the crucial relevance of new methods to stimulate regeneration of the insulin-secreting β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Natural restrictions on the islet regeneration are very tight; nevertheless, the islets are capable of physiological regeneration via β-cell self-replication, direct differentiation of multipotent progenitor cells and spontaneous α- to β- or δ- to β-cell conversion (trans-differentiation). The existing preclinical models of β-cell dysfunction or ablation (induced surgically, chemically or genetically) have significantly expanded our understanding of reparative regeneration of the islets and possible ways of its stimulation. The ultimate goal, sufficient level of functional activity of β-cells or their substitutes can be achieved by two prospective broad strategies: β-cell replacement and β-cell regeneration. The “regeneration” strategy aims to maintain a preserved population of β-cells through in situ exposure to biologically active substances that improve β-cell survival, replication and insulin secretion, or to evoke the intrinsic adaptive mechanisms triggering the spontaneous non-β- to β-cell conversion. The “replacement” strategy implies transplantation of β-cells (as non-disintegrated pancreatic material or isolated donor islets) or β-like cells obtained ex vivo from progenitors or mature somatic cells (for example, hepatocytes or α-cells) under the action of small-molecule inducers or by genetic modification. We believe that the huge volume of experimental and clinical studies will finally allow a safe and effective solution to a seemingly simple goal-restoration of the functionally active β-cells, the innermost hope of millions of people globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Arutyunyan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Timur Kh Fatkhudinov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Andrey V Makarov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey V Elchaninov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Moon DK, Kim BG, Lee AR, In Choe Y, Khan I, Moon KM, Jeon RH, Byun JH, Hwang SC, Woo DK. Resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis from human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:203. [PMID: 32493422 PMCID: PMC7268497 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that leads to low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue and increases bone fractures. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, has pleiotropic effects including anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol also has roles in increasing osteogenesis and in upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, it is still unclear that resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation or mitochondrial biogenesis of periosteum-derived MSCs (PO-MSCs), which play key roles in bone tissue maintenance and fracture healing. Thus, in order to test a possible preventive or therapeutic effect of resveratrol on osteoporosis, this study investigated the effects of resveratrol treatments on osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of PO-MSCs. Methods The optimal doses of resveratrol treatment on PO-MSCs were determined by cell proliferation and viability assays. Osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs under resveratrol treatment was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP, an early biomarker of osteogenesis) as well as by extracellular calcium deposit levels (a late biomarker). Mitochondrial biogenesis during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs was measured by quantifying both mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents. Results Resveratrol treatments above 10 μM seem to have negative effects on cell proliferation and viability of PO-MSCs. Resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) on PO-MSCs during osteogenic differentiation increased both ALP activities and calcium deposits compared to untreated control groups, demonstrating an enhancing effect of resveratrol on osteogenesis. In addition, resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs increased both mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy numbers, indicating that resveratrol can bolster mitochondrial biogenesis in the process of PO-MSC osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion Taken together, the findings of this study describe the roles of resveratrol in promoting osteogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis of human PO-MSCs suggesting a possible application of resveratrol as a supplement for osteoporosis and/or osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ram Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong In Choe
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Muench LN, Kia C, Jerliu A, Williams AA, Berthold DP, Cote MP, McCarthy MB, Arciero RA, Mazzocca AD. Clinical Outcomes Following Biologically Enhanced Patch Augmentation Repair as a Salvage Procedure for Revision Massive Rotator Cuff Tears. Arthroscopy 2020; 36:1542-1551. [PMID: 32241704 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent biologically enhanced patch augmentation repair for the treatment of revision massive rotator cuff tears. METHODS Twenty-two patients who underwent arthroscopic and mini-open rotator cuff repair using a patch augmented with platelet-rich plasma and concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) for revision massive (≥2 tendons) rotator cuff tears from 2009 to 2014, with a minimum 1-year follow-up, were included in the study. In this procedure the medial side of the graft is secured to the rotator cuff tendon remaining medially. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Simple Shoulder Test, and postoperative Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation scores were evaluated. To determine the clinical relevance of ASES scores, the minimal clinically important difference, substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and the patient-acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) thresholds were used. Clinical success or failure was defined based on whether the patient reached the SCB threshold. In the laboratory, cellular counting along with the concentration of connective tissue progenitor cells were performed on patch samples from the day of surgery. Scaffolds were processed histologically at days 0, 7,14, and 21 of culture. RESULTS Patients had significant improvement in the Simple Shoulder Test (2.6 ± 3.0pre vs 5.2 ± 4.2post, P = .01), whereas improvement in pain scores was found to be nonsignificant (5.6 ± 2.5pre vs 4.2 ± 3.4post,P = .11) at final follow-up. Mean ASES improved by Δ14.6 ± 33.4 points; however, this did not reach statistical significance (40.2 ± 21.6pre vs 53.9 ± 31.4post,P = .10). With regards to ASES score, 45% of patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference, 41% the SCB, and 32% reached or exceeded the PASS criteria. At 21 days, there was a significantly greater cell count in scaffolds from patients who had clinical success than those who were failures (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Only 41% of patients undergoing biologically enhanced patch augmentation repair reached substantial clinical benefit, whereas 32% reached or exceeded the PASS criteria. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case Series: Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas N Muench
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
| | - Cameron Kia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Aulon Jerliu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Ariel A Williams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Daniel P Berthold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A.; Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Mark P Cote
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Mary Beth McCarthy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Robert A Arciero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Augustus D Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
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CORR Synthesis: What Is the Evidence for the Clinical Use of Stem Cell-based Therapy in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:964-978. [PMID: 31899738 PMCID: PMC7170666 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Characterization and Comparison of Human and Ovine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Three Corresponding Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072310. [PMID: 32230731 PMCID: PMC7177787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing focus on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as therapeutic option in bone pathologies as well as in general regenerative medicine. Although human MSCs have been extensively characterized and standardized, ovine MSCs are poorly understood. This limitation hampers clinical progress, as sheep are an excellent large animal model for orthopedic studies. Our report describes a direct comparison of human and ovine MSCs from three corresponding sources under the same conditions. All MSCs presented solid growth behavior and potent immunomodulatory capacities. Additionally, we were able to identify common positive (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166) and negative (CD14, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR) surface markers. Although both human and ovine MSCs showed strong osteogenic potential, direct comparison revealed a slower mineralization process in ovine MSCs. Regarding gene expression level, both human and ovine MSCs presented a comparable up-regulation of Runx2 and a trend toward down-regulation of Col1A during osteogenic differentiation. In summary, this side by side comparison defined phenotypic similarities and differences of human and ovine MSCs from three different sources, thereby contributing to a better characterization and standardization of ovine MSCs. The key findings shown in this report demonstrate the utility of ovine MSCs in preclinical studies for MSC-based therapies.
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