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Haruna NF, Berdnikovs S, Nie Z. Eosinophil biology from the standpoint of metabolism: implications for metabolic disorders and asthma. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:288-296. [PMID: 38700084 PMCID: PMC11288379 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils, recognized for their immune and remodeling functions and participation in allergic inflammation, have recently garnered attention due to their impact on host metabolism, especially in the regulation of adipose tissue. Eosinophils are now known for their role in adipocyte beiging, adipokine secretion, and adipose tissue inflammation. This intricate interaction involves complex immune and metabolic processes, carrying significant implications for systemic metabolic health. Importantly, the interplay between eosinophils and adipocytes is bidirectional, revealing the dynamic nature of the immune-metabolic axis in adipose tissue. While the homeostatic regulatory role of eosinophils in adipose tissue is appreciated, this relationship in the context of obesity or allergic inflammation is much less understood. Mechanistic details of eosinophil-adipose interactions, especially the direct regulation of adipocytes by eosinophils, are also lacking. Another poorly understood aspect is the metabolism of the eosinophils themselves, encompassing metabolic shifts during eosinophil subset transitions in different tissue microenvironments, along with potential effects of host metabolism on the programming of eosinophil hematopoiesis and the resulting plasticity. This review consolidates recent research in this emerging and fascinating frontier of eosinophil investigation, identifying unexplored areas and presenting innovative perspectives on eosinophil biology in the context of metabolic disorders and associated health conditions, including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana-Fatima Haruna
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 East Huron, McGaw M309, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 East Huron, McGaw M309, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Zhenying Nie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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2
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Esmaeili F, Abolhasani M, Zabihi-Mahmoudabadi H, Seyyed Ebrahimi SS, Emamgholipour S, Paknejad M. Exosomes isolated from metabolically unhealthy normal weight and overweight phenotypes deteriorate the ER/PR positive breast cancer behavior. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:533-544. [PMID: 38932828 PMCID: PMC11196455 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Obesity has been linked to a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer Yet, research indicates an opposite correlation between obesity and premenopausal breast cancer risk. Various obesity phenotypes based on metabolic health could play a significant part. This study aims to assess how plasma exosomes taken from women with varying obesity phenotypes impact MCF-7 cell migration, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, and apoptosis. Methods The characterization of isolated exosomes and their internalization into MCF-7 cells was evaluated. The treatment of MCF-7 cells with exosomes isolated from different groups was done. Migration, the activity of MMP-2, mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2, protein expression of p-53 and Thr55 p-p53, and apoptosis were assessed. Results Isolated exosomes from unhealthy obese individuals increase MCF-7 cell migration. Regarding MMP activities, unhealthy normal weight and overweight and healthy obese groups isolated exosomes increase the MMP-2 activity than the treated group with exosomes isolated from counterpart groups. Furthermore, unhealthy normal weight and overweight and healthy obese obtained exosomes decrease apoptosis compared to counterpart groups. Conclusion Altogether, plasma exosomes derived from both unhealthy individuals with normal weight and overweight status, as well as those with unhealthy obesity, negatively impacted the behavior of estrogen/progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01295-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Cardiac primary prevention research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiovascular diseases research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Zabihi-Mahmoudabadi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Sadat Seyyed Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Paknejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Rakhmawati HSN, Wungu CDK, Purwanto B, Andarianto A. Exercise under hypoxia on glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tzu Chi Med J 2024; 36:212-222. [PMID: 38645791 PMCID: PMC11025589 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_144_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the impact of exercise under hypoxic exposure versus normoxic exposure on blood glucose level, insulin level, and insulin sensitivity in people at risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods We systematically performed electronic searching on PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus. Primary studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using Revman 5.4.1. Results Nine randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. We found that physical exercise under hypoxic exposure had no significant effect on improving blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity in the elderly and sedentary people compared to normoxic condition. However, physical exercise during hypoxic exposure had a significant effect on lowering blood glucose levels in overweight/obese individuals (pooled Standardized Mean Difference = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.01-0.57; P = 0.04). Conclusions Exercising under hypoxic exposure can be an alternative strategy for reducing blood glucose levels in overweight/obese people. Nevertheless, in other populations at risk of T2DM, exercising in hypoxic conditions gives similar results to normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwanto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Andre Andarianto
- Sport Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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4
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Scisciola L, Olivieri F, Ambrosino C, Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, Paolisso G. On the wake of metformin: Do anti-diabetic SGLT2 inhibitors exert anti-aging effects? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102131. [PMID: 37984626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose that SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a class of drugs primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes, could also be repositioned as anti-aging senomorphic drugs (agents that prevent the extrinsic harmful effects of senescent cells). As observed for metformin, another anti-diabetic drug with established anti-aging potential, increasing evidence suggests that SGLT2i can modulate some relevant pathways associated with the aging process, such as free radical production, cellular energy regulation through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), autophagy, and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB/inflammasome. Some interesting pro-healthy effects were also observed on human microbiota. All these mechanisms converge on fueling a systemic proinflammatory condition called inflammaging, now recognized as the main risk factor for accelerated aging and increased risk of age-related disease development and progression. Inflammaging can be worsened by cellular senescence and immunosenescence, which contributes to the increased burden of senescent cells during aging, perpetuating the proinflammatory condition. Interestingly, increasing evidence suggested the direct effects of SGLT-2i against senescent cells, chronic activation of immune cells, and metabolic alterations induced by overnutrition (meta-inflammation). In this framework, we analyzed and discussed the multifaceted impact of SGLT2i, compared with metformin effects, as a potential anti-aging drug beyond diabetes management. Despite promising results in experimental studies, rigorous investigations with well-designed cellular and clinical investigations will need to validate SGLT2 inhibitors' anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; UniCamillus, International Medical University, Rome, Italy
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Alharbi M, Stephan BC, Shannon OM, Siervo M. Does dietary nitrate boost the effects of caloric restriction on brain health? Potential physiological mechanisms and implications for future research. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:45. [PMID: 37880786 PMCID: PMC10599060 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a highly prevalent and costly disease characterised by deterioration of cognitive and physical capacity due to changes in brain function and structure. Given the absence of effective treatment options for dementia, dietary and other lifestyle approaches have been advocated as potential strategies to reduce the burden of this condition. Maintaining an optimal nutritional status is vital for the preservation of brain function and structure. Several studies have recognised the significant role of nutritional factors to protect and enhance metabolic, cerebrovascular, and neurocognitive functions. Caloric restriction (CR) positively impacts on brain function via a modulation of mitochondrial efficiency, endothelial function, neuro-inflammatory, antioxidant and autophagy responses. Dietary nitrate, which serves as a substrate for the ubiquitous gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), has been identified as a promising nutritional intervention that could have an important role in improving vascular and metabolic brain regulation by affecting oxidative metabolism, ROS production, and endothelial and neuronal integrity. Only one study has recently tested the combined effects of both interventions and showed preliminary, positive outcomes cognitive function. This paper explores the potential synergistic effects of a nutritional strategy based on the co-administration of CR and a high-nitrate diet as a potential and more effective (than either intervention alone) strategy to protect brain health and reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushari Alharbi
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Blossom Cm Stephan
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Buchanan JW, Flagel LE, MacNeil MD, Nilles AR, Hoff JL, Pickrell JK, Raymond RC. Variance component estimates, phenotypic characterization, and genetic evaluation of bovine congestive heart failure in commercial feeder cattle. Front Genet 2023; 14:1148301. [PMID: 37359370 PMCID: PMC10285703 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1148301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of bovine congestive heart failure (BCHF) in feedlot cattle poses a significant challenge to the beef industry from economic loss, reduced performance, and reduced animal welfare attributed to cardiac insufficiency. Changes to cardiac morphology as well as abnormal pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in cattle of mostly Angus ancestry have been recently characterized. However, congestive heart failure affecting cattle late in the feeding period has been an increasing problem and tools are needed for the industry to address the rate of mortality in the feedlot for multiple breeds. At harvest, a population of 32,763 commercial fed cattle were phenotyped for cardiac morphology with associated production data collected from feedlot processing to harvest at a single feedlot and packing plant in the Pacific Northwest. A sub-population of 5,001 individuals were selected for low-pass genotyping to estimate variance components and genetic correlations between heart score and the production traits observed during the feeding period. At harvest, the incidence of a heart score of 4 or 5 in this population was approximately 4.14%, indicating a significant proportion of feeder cattle are at risk of cardiac mortality before harvest. Heart scores were also significantly and positively correlated with the percentage Angus ancestry observed by genomic breed percentage analysis. The heritability of heart score measured as a binary (scores 1 and 2 = 0, scores 4 and 5 = 1) trait was 0.356 in this population, which indicates development of a selection tool to reduce the risk of congestive heart failure as an EPD (expected progeny difference) is feasible. Genetic correlations of heart score with growth traits and feed intake were moderate and positive (0.289-0.460). Genetic correlations between heart score and backfat and marbling score were -0.120 and -0.108, respectively. Significant genetic correlation to traits of high economic importance in existing selection indexes explain the increased rate of congestive heart failure observed over time. These results indicate potential to implement heart score observed at harvest as a phenotype under selection in genetic evaluation in order to reduce feedlot mortality due to cardiac insufficiency and improve overall cardiopulmonary health in feeder cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael D. MacNeil
- Simplot Livestock Co., Grand View, ID, United States
- Delta G, Miles City, MT, United States
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontain, South Africa
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Zhou C, Huang YQ, Da MX, Jin WL, Zhou FH. Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles: bridging the communications between obesity and tumor microenvironment. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:92. [PMID: 37289328 PMCID: PMC10250291 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
By the year 2035 more than 4 billion people might be affected by obesity and being overweight. Adipocyte-derived Extracellular Vesicles (ADEVs/ADEV-singular) are essential for communication between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and obesity, emerging as a prominent mechanism of tumor progression. Adipose tissue (AT) becomes hypertrophic and hyperplastic in an obese state resulting in insulin resistance in the body. This modifies the energy supply to tumor cells and simultaneously stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory adipokines. In addition, obese AT has a dysregulated cargo content of discharged ADEVs, leading to elevated amounts of pro-inflammatory proteins, fatty acids, and carcinogenic microRNAs. ADEVs are strongly associated with hallmarks of cancer (proliferation and resistance to cell death, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, immunological response) and may be useful as biomarkers and antitumor therapy strategy. Given the present developments in obesity and cancer-related research, we conclude by outlining significant challenges and significant advances that must be addressed expeditiously to promote ADEVs research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qian Huang
- Department of Center of Medical Cosmetology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, 610017 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Xu Da
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Hai Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000 People’s Republic of China
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Dutta B, Loo S, Kam A, Sze SK, Tam JP. Ginsentide TP1 Protects Hypoxia-Induced Dysfunction and ER Stress-Linked Apoptosis. Cells 2023; 12:1401. [PMID: 37408235 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) is a significant contributor to several severe human diseases, including heart disease, stroke, dementia, and cancer. However, current treatment options for VED are limited due to the lack of understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and therapeutic leads. We recently discovered a heat-stable microprotein in ginseng, called ginsentide TP1, that has been shown to reduce vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease models. In this study, we use a combination of functional assays and quantitative pulsed SILAC proteomics to identify new proteins synthesized in hypoxia and to show that ginsentide TP1 provides protection for human endothelial cells against hypoxia and ER stress. Consistent with the reported findings, we also found that hypoxia activates various pathways related to endothelium activation and monocyte adhesion, which in turn, impairs nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity, reduces the bioavailability of NO, and increases the production of reactive oxygen species that contribute to VED. Additionally, hypoxia triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and initiates apoptotic signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular pathology. Treatment with ginsentide TP1 reduced surface adhesion molecule expression, prevented activation of the endothelium and leukocyte adhesion, restored protein hemostasis, and reduced ER stress to protect against hypoxia-induced cell death. Ginsentide TP1 also restored NO signaling and bioavailability, reduced oxidative stress, and protected endothelial cells from endothelium dysfunction. In conclusion, this study shows that the molecular pathogenesis of VED induced by hypoxia can be mitigated by treatment with ginsentide TP1, which could be one of the key bioactive compounds responsible for the "cure-all" effect of ginseng. This research may lead to the development of new therapies for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamaprasad Dutta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Shining Loo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Antony Kam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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Caloric Restriction (CR) Plus High-Nitrate Beetroot Juice Does Not Amplify CR-Induced Metabolic Adaptation and Improves Vascular and Cognitive Functions in Overweight Adults: A 14-Day Pilot Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040890. [PMID: 36839248 PMCID: PMC9962072 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) and dietary nitrate supplementation are nutritional interventions with pleiotropic physiological functions. This pilot study investigates the combined effects of CR and nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) on metabolic, vascular, and cognitive functions in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults. This was a two-arm, parallel randomized clinical trial including 29 participants allocated to CR + BRJ (n = 15) or CR alone (n = 14) for 14 days. Body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and hand-grip strength were measured. Resting blood pressure (BP) and microvascular endothelial function were measured, and Trail-Making Test A and B were used to assess cognitive function. Salivary nitrate and nitrite, and urinary nitrate and 8-isoprostane concentrations were measured. Changes in body composition, REE, and systolic and diastolic BP were similar between the two interventions (p > 0.05). The CR + BRJ intervention produced greater changes in average microvascular flux (p = 0.03), NO-dependent endothelial activity (p = 0.02), and TMT-B cognitive scores (p = 0.012) compared to CR alone. Changes in urinary 8-isoprostane were greater in the CR + BRJ group (p = 0.02), and they were inversely associated with changes in average microvascular flux (r = -0.53, p = 0.003). These preliminary findings suggest that greater effects on vascular and cognitive functions could be achieved by combining CR with dietary nitrate supplementation.
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Zheng X, Ma J, Long J, Wei Q, Ren W. The HIF1α polymorphism rs2301104 is associated with obesity and obesity-related cytokines in Han Chinese population. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:285-292. [PMID: 36422747 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-02008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms of HIF1α and obesity and obesity-related cytokines in the Han Chinese population. METHODS The study consisted of 160 subjects with obesity and 166 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We genotyped three tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HIF1α by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based genotyping technology. Plasma cytokine concentrations were determined on the Luminex platform. The genetic associations were analysed statistically. RESULTS Obese subjects had significant obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, and abnormalities in blood lipids, liver enzymes, and uric acid levels. SNP analysis of HIF1α revealed that the allele and genotype frequencies of rs2301104 were significantly associated with obesity. Our results suggest that the minor allele C of rs2301104 might be a protective mutation of obesity, and CC/CG genotypes of rs2301104 could be protective genotype of obesity. We also found that subjects with CC/CG genotypes of rs2301104 had significantly lower levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 than subjects with GG genotypes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report an association between HIF1α polymorphisms and obesity and obesity-related cytokines in a Han Chinese population. These results require replication in larger populations but suggest that HIF1α may play an important role in obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Friendship Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jiani Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Friendship Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Friendship Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Prevention of Disease Department, Chongqing Jiulongpo District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Friendship Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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11
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Tee CCL, Cooke MB, Chong MC, Yeo WK, Camera DM. Mechanisms for Combined Hypoxic Conditioning and Divergent Exercise Modes to Regulate Inflammation, Body Composition, Appetite, and Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:327-348. [PMID: 36441492 PMCID: PMC9877079 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health issue and a primary risk factor for metabolic-related disorders. While physical inactivity is one of the main contributors to obesity, it is a modifiable risk factor with exercise training as an established non-pharmacological treatment to prevent the onset of metabolic-related disorders, including obesity. Exposure to hypoxia via normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude via reduced inspired oxygen fraction), termed hypoxic conditioning, in combination with exercise has been increasingly shown in the last decade to enhance blood glucose regulation and decrease the body mass index, providing a feasible strategy to treat obesity. However, there is no current consensus in the literature regarding the optimal combination of exercise variables such as the mode, duration, and intensity of exercise, as well as the level of hypoxia to maximize fat loss and overall body compositional changes with hypoxic conditioning. In this narrative review, we discuss the effects of such diverse exercise and hypoxic variables on the systematic and myocellular mechanisms, along with physiological responses, implicated in the development of obesity. These include markers of appetite regulation and inflammation, body conformational changes, and blood glucose regulation. As such, we consolidate findings from human studies to provide greater clarity for implementing hypoxic conditioning with exercise as a safe, practical, and effective treatment strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chow Li Tee
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University, Room SPW224, Mail H21, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Matthew B Cooke
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University, Room SPW224, Mail H21, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Mee Chee Chong
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University, Room SPW224, Mail H21, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Wee Kian Yeo
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Donny M Camera
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University, Room SPW224, Mail H21, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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12
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Analysis of the different characteristics between omental preadipocytes and differentiated white adipocytes using bioinformatics methods. Adipocyte 2022; 11:227-238. [PMID: 35499169 PMCID: PMC9067510 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2063471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is emerging as an epidemiological issue, being associated with the onset and progress of various metabolism-related disorders. Obesity is characterized by the white adipose expansion, which encounters white adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. White adipocyte hyperplasia is defined as adipogenesis with the increase in the number of the white adipocytes from the preadipocytes. Adipogenesis contributes to distributing excess triglycerides among the smaller newly formed adipocytes, reducing the number of hypertrophic adipocytes and secreting anti-inflammatory factor. Therefore, adipogenesis is emerging as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. In the present study, for a better understanding of the contribution of the alteration of the omental differentiated white adipocytes to the systemic metabolic disorders, we downloaded the mRNA expression profiles from GEO database GSE1657, 328 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between the undifferentiated preadipocytes (UNDIF) and omental differentiated white adipocytes (DIF). The contributions of the upregulated and downregulated DEGs to the system were performed via the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, respectively. The potential contribution of the whole altered genes in the differentiated white adipocytes was explored with the performance of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), especially on the GO analysis, KEGG analysis, hallmark analysis, oncogenic analysis and related miRNA analysis. The output of the current study will shed light on the new targets for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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13
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Jeon SI, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Ahn CH. Development of a Hypoxia-Sensitive Material Producing Fluorescence and Ultrasound Signals. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Macvanin MT, Rizzo M, Radovanovic J, Sonmez A, Paneni F, Isenovic ER. Role of Chemerin in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112970. [PMID: 36428537 PMCID: PMC9687862 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity is closely connected to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Excess fat accumulation is associated with metabolic malfunctions that disrupt cardiovascular homeostasis by activating inflammatory processes that recruit immune cells to the site of injury and reduce nitric oxide levels, resulting in increased blood pressure, endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Adipose tissue produces adipokines, such as chemerin, that may alter immune responses, lipid metabolism, vascular homeostasis, and angiogenesis. (2) Methods: We performed PubMed and MEDLINE searches for articles with English abstracts published between 1997 (when the first report on chemerin identification was published) and 2022. The search retrieved original peer-reviewed articles analyzed in the context of the role of chemerin in CVDs, explicitly focusing on the most recent findings published in the past five years. (3) Results: This review summarizes up-to-date findings related to mechanisms of chemerin action, its role in the development and progression of CVDs, and novel strategies for developing chemerin-targeting therapeutic agents for treating CVDs. (4) Conclusions: Extensive evidence points to chemerin's role in vascular inflammation, angiogenesis, and blood pressure modulation, which opens up exciting perspectives for developing chemerin-targeting therapeutic agents for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alper Sonmez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 34668, Turkey
| | - Francesco Paneni
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Mohamed AA, Risse K, Stock J, Heinzel A, Mottaghy FM, Bruners P, Eble MJ. Body Composition as a Predictor of the Survival in Anal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4521. [PMID: 36139681 PMCID: PMC9496941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Sarcopenia and body composition parameters such as visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio have been shown to be relevant biomarkers for prognosis in patients with different types of cancer. However, these findings have not been well studied in anal cancer to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of different body composition parameters in patients undergoing radiation therapy for the treatment of anal cancer with curative intent. Material and Methods: After approval by the institutional ethical committee, we retrospectively identified 81 patients in our local registry, who received radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy for the management of anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC). Clinical information, including body mass index (BMI), survival, and toxicities outcome, were retrieved from the local hospital registry. Based on the pre-therapeutic computer tomography (CT), we measured the total psoas muscle area, visceral adipose tissue area (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SAT), and visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR). In addition to the classical prognostic factors as T-stage, N-stage, gender, and treatment duration, we analyzed the impact of body composition on the prognosis in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Sarcopenia was not associated with increased mortality in anal cancer patients, whereas increased BMI (≥27 kg/m2) and VSR (≥0.45) were significantly associated with worsened overall survival and cancer-specific survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. VSR-not BMI-was statistically higher in males. Sarcopenia and VSR ≥ 0.45 were associated with advanced T-stages. None of the body composition parameters resulted in a significant increase in treatment-related toxicities. Conclusion: BMI and visceral adiposity are independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients with anal cancer. Measurements to treat adiposity at the time of diagnosis may be needed to improve the survival outcomes for the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Allam Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Risse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Bruners
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Eble
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
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16
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Overview of Transcriptomic Research on Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges and Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071176. [PMID: 35885959 PMCID: PMC9319211 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic disease whose etiology is known to have a strong genetic component. Standard genetic approaches, although allowing for the detection of a number of gene variants associated with the disease as well as differentially expressed genes, cannot fully explain the hereditary factor in T2D. The explosive growth in the genomic sequencing technologies over the last decades provided an exceptional impetus for transcriptomic studies and new approaches to gene expression measurement, such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell technologies. The transcriptomic analysis has the potential to find new biomarkers to identify risk groups for developing T2D and its microvascular and macrovascular complications, which will significantly affect the strategies for early diagnosis, treatment, and preventing the development of complications. In this article, we focused on transcriptomic studies conducted using expression arrays, RNA-seq, and single-cell sequencing to highlight recent findings related to T2D and challenges associated with transcriptome experiments.
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17
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Ugusman A, Shahrin SAS, Azizan NH, Pillai SB, Krishnan K, Salamt N, Aminuddin A, Hamid AA, Kumar J, Mokhtar MH. Role of Honey in Obesity Management: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924097. [PMID: 35811958 PMCID: PMC9263567 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder that has become critically prevalent throughout the world. Obesity has been linked to other chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Natural products such as honey have been investigated for their potential effect on obesity. Hence, this study systematically reviewed the recent literature concerning the effects of honey on obesity in obese animal models and in people with obesity. The Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched for relevant articles. A total of 130 relevant articles were obtained from the initial search. Following a thorough screening, nine articles were selected for data extraction, including six animal studies and three clinical trials. In most of the animal studies, honey demonstrated an anti-obesity effect by reducing body weight, body fat composition and adipocyte size, among others. However, supplementation of honey in clinical trials showed conflicting results. Even though honey supplementation did not demonstrate any weight-reducing effect in some of the clinical trials, none of the trials showed that honey increases body weight. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as most of the studies involved animal models and there is a limited number of high quality, randomized, controlled clinical trials. Systematic Review Registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-6-0038/ PROSPERO, identifier 10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Melo BF, Sacramento JF, Capucho AM, Sampaio-Pires D, Prego CS, Conde SV. Long-Term Hypercaloric Diet Consumption Exacerbates Age-Induced Dysmetabolism and Carotid Body Dysfunction: Beneficial Effects of CSN Denervation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:889660. [PMID: 35600301 PMCID: PMC9114486 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.889660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid bodies (CBs) are metabolic sensors whose dysfunction is involved in the genesis of dysmetabolic states. Ageing induces significant alterations in CB function also prompting to metabolic deregulation. On the other hand, metabolic disease can accelerate ageing processes. Taking these into account, we evaluated the effect of long-term hypercaloric diet intake and CSN resection on age-induced dysmetabolism and CB function. Experiments were performed in male Wistar rats subjected to 14 or 44 weeks of high-fat high-sucrose (HFHSu) or normal chow (NC) diet and subjected to either carotid sinus nerve (CSN) resection or a sham procedure. After surgery, the animals were kept on a diet for more than 9 weeks. Metabolic parameters, basal ventilation, and hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses were evaluated. CB type I and type II cells, HIF-1α and insulin receptor (IR), and GLP-1 receptor (GLP1-R)-positive staining were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Ageing decreased by 61% insulin sensitivity in NC animals, without altering glucose tolerance. Short-term and long-term HFHSu intake decreased insulin sensitivity by 55 and 62% and glucose tolerance by 8 and 29%, respectively. CSN resection restored insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Ageing decreased spontaneous ventilation, but short-term or long-term intake of HFHSu diet and CSN resection did not modify basal ventilatory parameters. HFHSu diet increased hypoxic ventilatory responses in young and adult animals, effects attenuated by CSN resection. Ageing, hypercaloric diet, and CSN resection did not change hypercapnic ventilatory responses. Adult animals showed decreased type I cells and IR and GLP-1R staining without altering the number of type II cells and HIF-1α. HFHSu diet increased the number of type I and II cells and IR in young animals without significantly changing these values in adult animals. CSN resection restored the number of type I cells in HFHSu animals and decreased IR-positive staining in all the groups of animals, without altering type II cells, HIF-1α, or GLP-1R staining. In conclusion, long-term hypercaloric diet consumption exacerbates age-induced dysmetabolism, and both short- and long-term hypercaloric diet intakes promote significant alterations in CB function. CSN resection ameliorates these effects. We suggest that modulation of CB activity is beneficial in exacerbated stages of dysmetabolism.
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19
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Jiang X, Tian W, Kim D, McQuiston AS, Vinh R, Rockson SG, Semenza GL, Nicolls MR. Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Lymphedema. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:851057. [PMID: 35450048 PMCID: PMC9017680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.851057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by edema, fat deposition, and fibrotic tissue remodeling. Despite significant advances in lymphatic biology research, our knowledge of lymphedema pathology is incomplete. Currently, there is no approved pharmacological therapy for this debilitating disease. Hypoxia is a recognized feature of inflammation, obesity, and fibrosis. Understanding hypoxia-regulated pathways in lymphedema may provide new insights into the pathobiology of this chronic disorder and help develop new medicinal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Wen Tian
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dongeon Kim
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alexander S McQuiston
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Vinh
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Gregg L Semenza
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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20
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Ferreri C, Sansone A, Krokidis MG, Masi A, Pascucci B, D’Errico M, Chatgilialoglu C. Effects of Oxygen Tension for Membrane Lipidome Remodeling of Cockayne Syndrome Cell Models. Cells 2022; 11:1286. [PMID: 35455966 PMCID: PMC9032135 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is important for lipid metabolism, being involved in both enzymatic transformations and oxidative reactivity, and is particularly influent when genetic diseases impair the repair machinery of the cells, such as described for Cockayne syndrome (CS). We used two cellular models of transformed fibroblasts defective for CSA and CSB genes and their normal counterparts, grown for 24 h under various oxygen tensions (hyperoxic 21%, physioxic 5% and hypoxic 1%) to examine the fatty acid-based membrane remodeling by GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters derived from membrane phospholipids. Overall, we first distinguished differences due to oxygen tensions: (a) hyperoxia induced a general boost of desaturase enzymatic activity in both normal and defective CSA and CSB cell lines, increasing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) did not undergo oxidative consumption; (b) hypoxia slowed down desaturase activities, mostly in CSA cell lines and defective CSB, causing saturated fatty acids (SFA) to increase, whereas PUFA levels diminished, suggesting their involvement in hypoxia-related signaling. CSB-deprived cells are the most sensitive to oxidation and CSA-deprived cells are the most sensitive to the radical-based formation of trans fatty acids (TFA). The results point to the need to finely differentiate biological targets connected to genetic impairments and, consequently, suggest the better definition of cell protection and treatments through accurate molecular profiling that includes membrane lipidomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Sansone
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Marios G. Krokidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece;
| | - Annalisa Masi
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mariarosaria D’Errico
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (C.F.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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21
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The Link of Pancreatic Iron with Glucose Metabolism and Cardiac Iron in Thalassemia Intermedia: A Large, Multicenter Observational Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235561. [PMID: 34884261 PMCID: PMC8658115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In thalassemia major, pancreatic iron was demonstrated as a powerful predictor not only for the alterations of glucose metabolism but also for cardiac iron, fibrosis, and complications, supporting a profound link between pancreatic iron and heart disease. We determined for the first time the prevalence of pancreatic iron overload (IO) in thalassemia intermedia (TI) and systematically explored the link between pancreas T2* values and glucose metabolism and cardiac outcomes. We considered 221 beta-TI patients (53.2% females, 42.95 ± 13.74 years) consecutively enrolled in the Extension–Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassemia project. Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to quantify IO (T2* technique) and biventricular function and to detect replacement myocardial fibrosis. The glucose metabolism was assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Pancreatic IO was more frequent in regularly transfused (N = 145) than in nontransfused patients (67.6% vs. 31.6%; p < 0.0001). In the regular transfused group, splenectomy and hepatitis C virus infection were both associated with high pancreatic siderosis. Patients with normal glucose metabolism showed significantly higher global pancreas T2* values than patients with altered OGTT. A pancreas T2* < 17.9 ms predicted an abnormal OGTT. A normal pancreas T2* value showed a 100% negative predictive value for cardiac iron. Pancreas T2* values were not associated to biventricular function, replacement myocardial fibrosis, or cardiac complications. Our findings suggest that in the presence of pancreatic IO, it would be prudent to initiate or intensify iron chelation therapy to prospectively prevent both disturbances of glucose metabolism and cardiac iron accumulation.
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22
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Pescador N, Francisco V, Vázquez P, Esquinas EM, González-Páramos C, Valdecantos MP, García-Martínez I, Urrutia AA, Ruiz L, Escalona-Garrido C, Foretz M, Viollet B, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Calle-Pascual AL, Obregón MJ, Aragonés J, Valverde ÁM. Metformin reduces macrophage HIF1α-dependent proinflammatory signaling to restore brown adipocyte function in vitro. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102171. [PMID: 34736121 PMCID: PMC8577482 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic potential of metformin in obese/diabetic patients has been associated to its ability to combat insulin resistance. However, it remains largely unknown the signaling pathways involved and whether some cell types are particularly relevant for its beneficial effects. M1-activation of macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes a paracrine activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) in brown adipocytes which reduces insulin signaling and glucose uptake, as well as β-adrenergic sensitivity. Addition of metformin to M1-polarized macrophages blunted these signs of brown adipocyte dysfunction. At the molecular level, metformin inhibits an inflammatory program executed by HIF1α in macrophages by inducing its degradation through the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity, thereby reducing oxygen consumption in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent manner. In obese mice, metformin reduced inflammatory features in brown adipose tissue (BAT) such as macrophage infiltration, proinflammatory signaling and gene expression, and restored the response to cold exposure. In conclusion, the impact of metformin on macrophages by suppressing a HIF1α-dependent proinflammatory program is likely responsible for a secondary beneficial effect on insulin-mediated glucose uptake and β-adrenergic responses in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Pescador
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vera Francisco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Esquinas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Páramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Valdecantos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma García-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés A Urrutia
- Research Unit, Hospital de La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Escalona-Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso L Calle-Pascual
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Obregón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital de La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Reijrink M, De Boer SA, Van Roon AM, Slart RHJA, Fernandez BO, Feelisch M, Heerspink HJL, Van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Mulder DJ. Plasma Nitrate Levels Are Related to Metabolic Syndrome and Are Not Altered by Treatment with DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Patients with Early Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101548. [PMID: 34679685 PMCID: PMC8533083 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The depletion of nitrate and nitrite, stable nitric oxide (NO) end-products, promotes adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have the potentially beneficial side effect of increasing NO availability. In this study, nitrate and nitrite levels and the effects of DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin were investigated in relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers. Treatment-naive patients with early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 40, median age 63 IQR (55–67) years, 63% male, mean HbA1c 45 ± 4.4 mmol/mol) were randomized (1:1) to linagliptin (5 mg/day) or placebo. MetS-related markers (body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, HOMA-IR, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin), plasma levels of nitrate, nitrite, total free thiols (TFT) and vegetable intake were estimated at baseline and after 4 and 26 weeks of treatment. Plasma nitrate, but not nitrite, correlated positively with vegetable intake (r = 0.38, p = 0.018) and was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (r = −0.44, p = 0.006), BMI (r = −0.35, p = 0.028), GGT (r = −0.37, p = 0.019) and CRP (r = −0.34, p = 0.034). The relationship between nitrate and HOMA-IR remained significant after adjusting for BMI, CRP, vegetable intake and GGT. With stable vegetable intake, nitrate and nitrite, TFT, adipokines and CRP did not change after 26 weeks of linagliptin treatment. While plasma nitrate is inversely associated with MetS, linagliptin treatment does not significantly influence nitrate and nitrite concentrations, oxidative stress, adipose tissue function and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Reijrink
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (S.A.D.B.); (A.M.V.R.)
| | - Stefanie A. De Boer
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (S.A.D.B.); (A.M.V.R.)
| | - Anniek M. Van Roon
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (S.A.D.B.); (A.M.V.R.)
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biomedical Photoacustic Imaging (BMPI), University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadette O. Fernandez
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southamptonc, UK; (B.O.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southamptonc, UK; (B.O.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Hiddo J. L. Heerspink
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Harry Van Goor
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.V.G.); (J.-L.H.)
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.V.G.); (J.-L.H.)
| | - Douwe J. Mulder
- Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (S.A.D.B.); (A.M.V.R.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Lopez-Pascual A, Trayhurn P, Martínez JA, González-Muniesa P. Oxygen in Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Therapeutic Relevance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:642-687. [PMID: 34036800 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: In recent years, a number of studies have shown altered oxygen partial pressure at a tissue level in metabolic disorders, and some researchers have considered oxygen to be a (macro) nutrient. Oxygen availability may be compromised in obesity and several other metabolism-related pathological conditions, including sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, the metabolic syndrome (which is a set of conditions), type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Recent Advances: Strategies designed to reduce adiposity and its accompanying disorders have been mainly centered on nutritional interventions and physical activity programs. However, novel therapies are needed since these approaches have not been sufficient to counteract the worldwide increasing rates of metabolic disorders. In this regard, intermittent hypoxia training and hyperoxia could be potential treatments through oxygen-related adaptations. Moreover, living at a high altitude may have a protective effect against the development of abnormal metabolic conditions. In addition, oxygen delivery systems may be of therapeutic value for supplying the tissue-specific oxygen requirements. Critical Issues: Precise in vivo methods to measure oxygenation are vital to disentangle some of the controversies related to this research area. Further, it is evident that there is a growing need for novel in vitro models to study the potential pathways involved in metabolic dysfunction to find appropriate therapeutic targets. Future Directions: Based on the existing evidence, it is suggested that oxygen availability has a key role in obesity and its related comorbidities. Oxygen should be considered in relation to potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 642-687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Lopez-Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul Trayhurn
- Obesity Biology Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Liu YH, Guo C, Sun YQ, Li Q. Polymorphisms in HIF-1a gene are not associated with diabetic retinopathy in China. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1304-1311. [PMID: 34512895 PMCID: PMC8394233 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a susceptibility gene for both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). In response to hypoxia, VEGF mRNA levels are increased, which is mainly mediated by the binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and hypoxia response element upstream of the transcriptional start site of VEGF. Therefore, HIF-1a is supposed to be involved in pathology of DR.
AIM To investigate whether the polymorphisms in HIF-1a gene are associated with DR.
METHODS Two hundred and ninety-nine type 2 diabetic patients (128 males and 171 females) and 144 healthy volunteers were recruited. Mean age was 56.04 ± 21.05 years. According to the results of fundus fluorescein angiography and examination of ophthalmoscopy, patients were divided into two groups, DNR group (diabetes without retinopathy) and DR group (diabetes with retinopathy). There are 150 cases in DNR group and 149 cases in DR group. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the HIF-1a gene were tested using matrix-assisted laser desorption/Ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The frequency of genotypes and alleles, and odds ratio were measured.
RESULTS The mean age of the cases with diabetes was 55.84 ± 3.66 years, the mean age of the cases with DR was 55.97 ± 4.66 years and that of controls was 56.32 ± 4.70 years. Two variations were found in 76 patients. Rs11549465 is the change of C-T base, rs11549467 is the change of G-A base. The rs11549467 G/A genotype was 5.33% in diabetes and 6.04% in DR patients, respectively. The rs11549465 C/T genotype was 10% and 12.75% in patients with diabetes and DR. The rs11549467 A allele frequencies and rs11549465 T frequencies was similar to that of controls. Paired SNP linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that rs11549467 was in linkage disequilibrium with rs11549465. Haplotype association analysis denoted that the haplotype association exhibited similar distribution in the patients compared to the normal controls.
CONCLUSION This study suggests that there is no relationship between the genetic variations of HIF1a and diabetes or DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou 570312, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Qiong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong Province, China
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Niu B, Xie X, Xiong X, Jiang J. Network pharmacology-based analysis of the anti-hyperglycemic active ingredients of roselle and experimental validation. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:104636. [PMID: 34809966 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the top four leading causes of death among noncommunicable diseases worldwide, according to the World Hibiscus sabdariffa 2019. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a traditional herbal medicine, has shown significant clinical anti-hyperglycemic efficacy. However, the mechanism of the treatment is not yet clear. We found that Roselle has a certain protective effect on vascular endothelial cells through this study. This study was based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. The present study made a comprehensive analysis by combining active ingredient screening, target prediction and signaling pathway analysis to elucidate the active ingredients and possible molecular mechanism of roselle for the first time, which provided theoretical and experimental basis for the development and application of roselle as an antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxuan Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Collage of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453002, China.
| | - Xu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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27
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Durrani IA, Bhatti A, John P. The prognostic outcome of 'type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer' association pivots on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 34225729 PMCID: PMC8259382 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer are complex, chronic, heterogeneous, and multi-factorial diseases; with common risk factors including but not limited to diet, obesity, and age. They also share mutually inclusive phenotypic features such as the metabolic deregulations resulting from hyperglycemia, hypoxic conditions and hormonal imbalances. Although, the association between diabetes and cancer has long been speculated; however, the exact molecular nature of this link remains to be fully elucidated. Both the diseases are leading causes of death worldwide and a causal relationship between the two if not addressed, may translate into a major global health concern. Previous studies have hypothesized hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation, as some of the possible grounds for explaining how diabetes may lead to cancer initiation, yet further research still needs to be done to validate these proposed mechanisms. At the crux of this dilemma, hyperglycemia and hypoxia are two intimately related states involving an intricate level of crosstalk and hypoxia inducible factor 1, at the center of this, plays a key role in mediating an aggressive disease state, particularly in solid tumors such as breast cancer. Subsequently, elucidating the role of HIF1 in establishing the diabetes-breast cancer link on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis may not only provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the association but also, illuminate on the prognostic outcome of the therapeutic targeting of HIF1 signaling in diabetic patients with breast cancer or vice versa. Hence, this review highlights the critical role of HIF1 signaling in patients with both T2DM and breast cancer, potentiates its significance as a prognostic marker in comorbid patients, and further discusses the potential prognostic outcome of targeting HIF1, subsequently establishing the pressing need for HIF1 molecular profiling-based patient selection leading to more effective therapeutic strategies emerging from personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhaam Ayaz Durrani
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Peter John
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Akbarian F, Rahmani M, Tavalaee M, Abedpoor N, Taki M, Ghaedi K, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Effect of Different High-Fat and Advanced Glycation End-Products Diets in Obesity and Diabetes-Prone C57BL/6 Mice on Sperm Function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2021; 15:226-233. [PMID: 34155870 PMCID: PMC8233922 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2021.137231.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the effects of using high-fat (HF) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)
containing diets to induce obesity and diabetes on sperm function in mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty-five 4-week old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5
groups and were fed with control, 45% HF, 60% HF, 45% AGEs-HF, or 60% AGEs-HF diet. After 28 weeks, fast
blood sugar, glucose intolerance, insulin concentration, homeostatic model assessments (HOMA) for insulin resistance (IR) and HOMA for beta cells (HOMA beta) from systematic blood were assessed. In addition, body weight,
morphometric characteristics of testes, sperm parameters, DNA damage (AO), protamine deficiency (CMAA3), and
sperm membrane (DCFH-DA) and intracellular (BODIPY) lipid peroxidation were measured. Results: Body mass and fasting blood sugar increased significantly in all experimental groups compared to the control
group. Insulin concentration, glucose intolerance, HOMA IR, and HOMA beta were also increased significantly with
higher levels of fat and AGEs in all four diets (P<0.05). The changes in the 60% HF-AGEs group, however, were more
significant (P<0.001). Morphometric characteristics of the testis, sperm concentration, and sperm morphology in the
diet groups did not significantly differ from the control group, while sperm motility and DNA damage in the 45%HF
were significantly low. Although for protamine deficiency, both 60% HF-AGEs and 45% HF showed a significant
increase compared to the control, the mean of sperm lipid in the 45% HF group and intracellular peroxidation in the
60% HF-AGEs group had the highest and the lowest increases, respectively. Conclusion: Our results, interestingly, showed that is the negative effects of a diet containing AGEs on examined parameters are less than those in HF diets. One possible reason is detoxification through the activation of the protective
glyoxalase pathway as the result of the chronic AGEs increase in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Akbarian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rahmani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Taki
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Kerry RG, Mahapatra GP, Maurya GK, Patra S, Mahari S, Das G, Patra JK, Sahoo S. Molecular prospect of type-2 diabetes: Nanotechnology based diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:421-451. [PMID: 33052523 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About ninety percent of all diabetic conditions account for T2D caused due to abnormal insulin secretion/ action or increased hepatic glucose production. Factors that contribute towards the aetiology of T2D could be well explained through biochemical, molecular, and cellular aspects. In this review, we attempt to explain the recent evolving molecular and cellular advancement associated with T2D pathophysiology. Current progress fabricated in T2D research concerning intracellular signaling cascade, inflammasome, autophagy, genetic and epigenetics changes is discretely explained in simple terms. Present available anti-diabetic therapeutic strategies commercialized and their limitations which are needed to be acknowledged are addressed in the current review. In particular, the pre-eminence of nanotechnology-based approaches to nullify the inadequacy of conventional anti-diabetic therapeutics and heterogeneous nanoparticulated systems exploited in diabetic researches are also discretely mentioned and are also listed in a tabular format in the review. Additionally, as a future prospect of nanotechnology, the review presents several strategic hypotheses to ameliorate the austerity of T2D by an engineered smart targeted nano-delivery system. In detail, an effort has been made to hypothesize novel nanotechnological based therapeutic strategies, which exploits previously described inflammasome, autophagic target points. Utilizing graphical description it is explained how a smart targeted nano-delivery system could promote β-cell growth and development by inducing the Wnt signaling pathway (inhibiting Gsk3β), inhibiting inflammasome (inhibiting NLRP3), and activating autophagic target points (protecting Atg3/Atg7 complex from oxidative stress) thereby might ameliorate the severity of T2D. Additionally, several targeting molecules associated with autophagic and epigenetic factors are also highlighted, which can be exploited in future diabetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | | | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Odissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Subhasis Mahari
- DBT- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabuj Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India.
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Al-Mrabeh A. β-Cell Dysfunction, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes: New Directions of Research and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:226. [PMID: 33672162 PMCID: PMC7927138 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major problem for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia is one of the main drivers for both metabolic diseases. In this review, the major pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and recovery in T2DM are discussed in the context of abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. (i) In normal health, continuous exposure of the pancreas to nutrient stimulus increases the demand on β-cells. In the long term, this will not only stress β-cells and decrease their insulin secretory capacity, but also will blunt the cellular response to insulin. (ii) At the pre-diabetes stage, β-cells compensate for insulin resistance through hypersecretion of insulin. This increases the metabolic burden on the stressed β-cells and changes hepatic lipoprotein metabolism and adipose tissue function. (iii) If this lipotoxic hyperinsulinemic environment is not removed, β-cells start to lose function, and CVD risk rises due to lower lipoprotein clearance. (iv) Once developed, T2DM can be reversed by weight loss, a process described recently as remission. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which calorie restriction causes normalization of lipoprotein metabolism and restores β-cell function are not fully established. Understanding the pathophysiological and molecular basis of β-cell failure and recovery during remission is critical to reduce β-cell burden and loss of function. The aim of this review is to highlight the link between lipoprotein export and lipid-driven β-cell dysfunction in T2DM and how this is related to cardiovascular health. A second aim is to understand the mechanisms of β-cell recovery after weight loss, and to explore new areas of research for developing more targeted future therapies to prevent T2DM and the associated CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Mrabeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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31
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Bresser PL, Vorster M, Sathekge MM. An overview of the developments and potential applications of 68Ga-labelled PET/CT hypoxia imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:148-158. [PMID: 33400147 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of hypoxia plays a role in monitoring the body's adaptive response or the development of pathology under hypoxic conditions. Various techniques to image hypoxia have been investigated with a shift towards the use of molecular imaging using PET/CT. The role of hypoxia-specific radiopharmaceuticals such as radiolabelled nitroimidazoles is well documented particularly in the oncologic setting. With the increasing utilisation of in-house labelling with a PET benchtop generator, such as the 68Ge/68Ga generator, the use of 68Ga-labelled hypoxic radiopharmaceuticals in the clinical setting is developing. Since hypoxia plays a role in various pathologic states including infectious disease such as TB, there is a need to explore the potential application of 68Ga-labelled hypoxia seeking radiopharmaceuticals beyond oncology. The purpose of this review is to describe the developments of 68Ga-labelled hypoxic radiopharmaceuticals including the various chelators that have been investigated. Further, the role of hypoxia imaging in various pathologies is discussed with particular emphasis on the potential clinical applications of hypoxia PET/CT in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa L Bresser
- Department of Radiography, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, University of Pretoria, HW Snyman Building North, Room 4-33, Bophelo Road, Gezina, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mike M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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32
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Scalia P, Giordano A, Martini C, Williams SJ. Isoform- and Paralog-Switching in IR-Signaling: When Diabetes Opens the Gates to Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121617. [PMID: 33266015 PMCID: PMC7761347 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) and IR-related signaling defects have been shown to trigger insulin-resistance in insulin-dependent cells and ultimately to give rise to type 2 diabetes in mammalian organisms. IR expression is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues, and its over-expression is also a common finding in cancerous cells. This latter finding has been shown to associate with both a relative and absolute increase in IR isoform-A (IR-A) expression, missing 12 aa in its EC subunit corresponding to exon 11. Since IR-A is a high-affinity transducer of Insulin-like Growth Factor-II (IGF-II) signals, a growth factor is often secreted by cancer cells; such event offers a direct molecular link between IR-A/IR-B increased ratio in insulin resistance states (obesity and type 2 diabetes) and the malignant advantage provided by IGF-II to solid tumors. Nonetheless, recent findings on the biological role of isoforms for cellular signaling components suggest that the preferential expression of IR isoform-A may be part of a wider contextual isoform-expression switch in downstream regulatory factors, potentially enhancing IR-dependent oncogenic effects. The present review focuses on the role of isoform- and paralog-dependent variability in the IR and downstream cellular components playing a potential role in the modulation of the IR-A signaling related to the changes induced by insulin-resistance-linked conditions as well as to their relationship with the benign versus malignant transition in underlying solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Scalia
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Network, Functional Research Unit, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 52100 Siena, Italy
| | - Caroline Martini
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
| | - Stephen J. Williams
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (A.G.); (C.M.); (S.J.W.)
- ISOPROG-Somatolink EPFP Network, Functional Research Unit, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
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Irinakis E, Aleksejuniene J, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. External Cervical Resorption: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. J Endod 2020; 46:1420-1427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sarkar S, Bhattacharya S, Alam MJ, Yadav R, Banerjee SK. Hypoxia aggravates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in presence of high fat choline deficient diet: A pilot study. Life Sci 2020; 260:118404. [PMID: 32920003 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM NAFLD is a chronic and progressive disease for which there are no FDA-approved drugs available in the market. Drug discovery is a time-consuming procedure and requires screening of hundreds of small molecules to find new chemical entities (NECs) for a particular disease. Current preclinical NAFLD animal models take a longer time, which enhances the duration and expenses of the screening procedure. Hence to shorten the duration, we have proposed a preclinical animal model for rapid induction of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced stage of NAFLD in rats. METHODOLOGY The animals were divided into three groups; control, high fat choline deficient (HFCD) and high fat choline deficient diet with sodium nitrite (40 mg/kg b.w. i.p. per day) (HFCD + NaNO2) respectively. Four weeks later physical and serum biochemical parameters were assessed, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed, and histopathology and gene expression were analysed. KEY FINDINGS Hypoxic stress aggravates the lipid accumulation, ballooning, lobular inflammation and fibrosis in hepatic tissue in presence of HFCD diet. SIGNIFICANCE This novel rodent model could be a useful NAFLD model to screen small molecules rapidly for treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sankarsan Bhattacharya
- Non-communicable Disease Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Non-communicable Disease Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Non-communicable Disease Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, Assam, India.
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Yüzbaşı B, Arashi M, Ejaz Ahmed S. Shrinkage Estimation Strategies in Generalised Ridge Regression Models: Low/High‐Dimension Regime. Int Stat Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/insr.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahadır Yüzbaşı
- Department of EconometricsInonu University Malatya Turkey
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Mohammad Arashi
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical SciencesShahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran
| | - S. Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsBrock University St. Catharines ON Canada
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Sokolovska J, Dekante A, Baumane L, Pahirko L, Valeinis J, Dislere K, Rovite V, Pirags V, Sjakste N. Nitric oxide metabolism is impaired by type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:251-258. [PMID: 32257188 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes leads to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, resulting in endothelial dysfunction. However, overproduction of nitric oxide due to hyperglycaemia is associated with oxidative stress and tissue damage. The objective of this study was to characterise nitric oxide production (NO) and added nitrite and nitrate (NO2 -+NO3 -) concentration in the blood and urine of patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. A total of 268 patients with type 1 diabetes and 69 healthy subjects were included. Diabetic nephropathy was defined as macroalbuminuria and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73 cm2. NO2 -+NO3 - concentration was measured by Griess reaction. Production of NO was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Blood NO was demonstrated to be higher (P<0.001) and serum NO2 -+NO3 - was lower (P=0.003) in patients with type 1 diabetes and no nephropathy vs. healthy subjects. However, serum NO2 -+NO3 - concentration in patients with diabetes and nephropathy did not differ from the levels observed in healthy controls. Urine excretion of NO2 -+NO3 - was significantly decreased in patients with nephropathy, compared with patients without diabetic kidney disease (P=0.006) and healthy subjects (P=0.010). A significant positive correlation was observed between urine NO2 -+NO3 - and estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 1 diabetes (P=0.002) and healthy subjects (P=0.008). Estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria and diabetic nephropathy status were significant predictors of the whole blood NO and NO2 -+NO3 - in serum and urine in patients with type 1 diabetes, as identified by linear regression models. The present study concludes that NO metabolism is impaired by type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelizaveta Sokolovska
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Alise Dekante
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.,Internal Medicine Clinic, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Larisa Baumane
- Biochemistry Team, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Leonora Pahirko
- Laboratory for Statistics Research and Data Analysis, Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Valeinis
- Laboratory for Statistics Research and Data Analysis, Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Dislere
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Vita Rovite
- Database of Latvian Population, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Valdis Pirags
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.,Internal Medicine Clinic, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia.,Database of Latvian Population, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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Öztürk H, Özen B, Çatlı G, Dündar BN. Macular Variability in Children and Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study Examining the Associations with Anthropometric Measurements, Metabolic Parameters and Inflammatory Markers. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:63-70. [PMID: 31434461 PMCID: PMC7127882 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macular damage may be observed in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition which leads to chronic subclinical inflammation and affects most organ systems. To investigate the association between macular variability and anthropometric measurements, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory markers in children and adolescents with MetS. METHODS Two hundred and twenty eyes of 62 obese and 48 healthy children and adolescents were examined. Bilateral macular retinal thickness (MRT) and macular retinal volume (MRV) were measured in all subjects using optical coherence tomography. Associations between mean MRT and mean MRV and age, auxological measurements including body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) and waist circumference-SDS (WC-SDS), metabolic parameters and inflammatory parameters including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SIII) were investigated. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of age or sex distribution (p>0.05). Mean MRT (r=-0.326, p=0.007) and MRV (r=-0.303, p=0.007) values in the obese group with MetS decreased as homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values increased. SIII values were higher in obese groups, but particularly in obese subject with MetS, compared to the control group (p=0.021). The decrease in mean MRT (r=-0.544, p=0.046) and MRV (r=-0.651, p=0.031) in the obese subjects with MetS was negatively correlated with NLR. Mean MRT and MRV decreased in all obese subjects as SIII increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that mean MRT and MRV values decrease as BMI-SDS, WC-SDS and HOMA-IR increase in obese children and adolescents with MetS. NLR and SIII may serve as markers of chronic inflammation in obese children with MetS associated with macular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Öztürk
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bediz Özen
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: University of Health Sciences Turkey, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 232 469 69 69 E-mail:
| | - Gönül Çatlı
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin N. Dündar
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
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Hu B, Gong Z, Bi Z. Inhibition of miR-383 suppresses oxidative stress and improves endothelial function by increasing sirtuin 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e8616. [PMID: 31994599 PMCID: PMC6984384 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that suppression of miR-383 can prevent inflammation of the endothelium, as well as postpone the development of atherosclerosis. However, the role of miR-383 in endothelial cell apoptosis in diabetes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of miR-383 in high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in endothelial cells. A series of experiments involving qualitative polymerase chain reaction, cell transfection, luciferase assay, assessment of cell death, detection of catalase and superoxide dismutase concentrations, detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and western blot analysis were performed in this study. We found that miR-383 expression was promoted, while NAD+-dependent deacetylase and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expressions were suppressed in the endothelium of the aorta in db/db mice as well as in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which were treated with high glucose (HG). Increased expression of miR-383 decreased expression of SIRT1, while suppression of miR-383 promoted expression of SIRT1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, suppression of miR-383 following transfection with miR-383 suppressor repressed cell death and generation of ROS in HUVECs. SIRT1 knockdown by siRNA-SIRT1 reversed the suppressive effect of miR-383 inhibition on ROS production and cell apoptosis induced by HG treatment. Overall, the findings of our research suggested that suppression of miR-383 repressed oxidative stress and reinforced the activity of endothelial cells by upregulation of SIRT1 in db/db mice, and targeting miR-383 might be promising for effective treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Hu
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Zushun Gong
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaohui Bi
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Yuan J, Song L, Zhang C, Lin Q, Li M, Sheng Z, Ma Z, Lv F, Gao G, Dong J. Hyperbaric Oxygen Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity by Increasing GLUT4 Expression in Skeletal Muscle and Stimulating UCP1 in Brown Adipose Tissue in T2DM Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:32. [PMID: 32082261 PMCID: PMC7005601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is a treatment modality useful for diseases. Hypoxia could stimulate the induction of insulin resistance. Therefore, we sought to determine whether hyperbaric oxygen would ameliorate insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression in muscle and by stimulating UCP1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in a streptozocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated three times with low-dose of streptozocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and were fed with high-fat diets (HFD) to establish the T2DM model. HBO was administered daily as 100% oxygen at 2.0 atmosphere absolute (ATA) for 1 h for a week. We found that HBO significantly reduced blood glucose levels and attenuated insulin resistance in T2DM mice. HBO modulated food intake by influencing the activity of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc). HBO treatment increased GLUT4 amount and level of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in muscles of T2DM mice whereas this treatment stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK in muscles of both T2DM and HFD mice. The morphological staining of BAT and the increased expression of uncoupling of protein 1 (UCP1) demonstrated the promotion of metabolism after HBO treatment. These findings suggest that HBO ameliorates insulin sensitivity of T2DM mice by stimulating the Akt signaling pathway and by promoting GLUT4 expression in muscle, and by increasing UCP1 expression in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Song
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caishun Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Manwen Li
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengye Ma
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengyuan Lv
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangkai Gao
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, No. 971 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Special Medicine, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Dong
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. Vitamin C: A Review on its Role in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1625-1638. [PMID: 32669965 PMCID: PMC7359392 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two interlinked events that exist simultaneously in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its related complications. These pathophysiological processes can be easily triggered by each other. This review summarizes the current evidence from animal and human studies on the effects of vitamin C in managing MetS. In vivo studies showed promising effects of vitamin C, but most of the interventions used were in combination with other compounds. The direct effects of vitamin C remain to be elucidated. In humans, the current state of evidence revealed that lower vitamin C intake and circulating concentration were found in MetS subjects. A negative relationship was observed between vitamin C intake / concentration and the risk of MetS. Oral supplementation of vitamin C also improved MetS conditions. It has been postulated that the positive outcomes of vitamin C may be in part mediated through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. These observations suggest the importance of MetS patients to have an adequate intake of vitamin C through food, beverages or supplements in order to maintain its concentration in the systemic circulation and potentially reverse MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fui LW, Lok MPW, Govindasamy V, Yong TK, Lek TK, Das AK. Understanding the multifaceted mechanisms of diabetic wound healing and therapeutic application of stem cells conditioned medium in the healing process. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2218-2233. [PMID: 31648415 DOI: 10.1002/term.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation seems to be a promising new therapy for diabetic wound healing (DWH), and currently, arrays of MSCs from various sources ranging from umbilical, adipose to dental sources are available as a treatment modality for this disease. However, it now appears that only a fraction of transplanted cells actually assimilate and survive in host tissues suggesting that the major mechanism by which stem cells participate in tissue repair are most likely related to their secretome level. These include a wide range of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, which can be found from the conditioned medium (CM) used to culture the cells. Basic studies and preclinical work confirm that the therapeutic effect of CMs are comparable with the application of stem cells. This review describes in detail the wound healing process in diabetes and the cellular and biological factors that influence the process. Subsequently, through a comprehensive literature search of studies related to wound healing in diabetics, we aim to provide an overview of scientific merits of using MSCs-CM in the treatment of diabetic wound as well as the significant caveats, which restricts its potential use in clinical set-ups. To our best knowledge, this is one of the first review papers that collect the importance of stem cells as an alternative treatment to the DWH. We anticipate that the success of this treatment will have a significant clinical impact on diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Woon Fui
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University (Main Campus), Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Vijayendran Govindasamy
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University (Main Campus), Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Then Kong Yong
- Department of Research and Development, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Then Khong Lek
- Department of Research and Development, CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University (Main Campus), Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Fujita N, Goto N, Nakamura T, Nino W, Ono T, Nishijo H, Urakawa S. Hyperbaric Normoxia Improved Glucose Metabolism and Decreased Inflammation in Obese Diabetic Rat. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2694215. [PMID: 31828157 PMCID: PMC6885850 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2694215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric treatment improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. However, its mode of action is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influences of regular hyperbaric treatment with normal air at 1.3 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes with obesity. The focus was directed on inflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used as models of type 2 diabetes with obesity and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats served as healthy controls. The rats were randomly assigned to untreated or hyperbaric treatment groups exposed to 1.3 ATA for 8 h d-1 and 5 d wk-1 for 16 wks. Glucose levels were significantly higher in the diabetic than in the healthy control rats. Nevertheless, glucose levels at 30 and 60 min after glucose administration were significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with 1.3 ATA than in the untreated diabetic rats. Insulin levels at fasting and 120 min after glucose administration were significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with 1.3 ATA than in the untreated diabetic rats. Hyperbaric treatment also increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression in the skeletal muscle and decreased tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression in adipose tissue. These results suggested that TNFα downregulation and IL-10 upregulation in diabetic rats subjected to hyperbaric treatment participate in the crosstalk between the adipose and skeletal muscle tissues and improve glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujita
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Natsuki Goto
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Wataru Nino
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Susumu Urakawa
- Department of Musculoskeletal Functional Research and Regeneration, Graduate School of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Li J, Yuan YQ, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhang SW, Zhang Y, Xuan XX, Wang MJ, Zhang JY. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide protects against high glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by inhibiting the STAT3/HIF-1α pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3948-3958. [PMID: 31616516 PMCID: PMC6781810 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gasotransmitter, possesses multiple physiological and pharmacological properties including anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative stress and cardiac protective activities in diabetic cardiomyopathy. An increasing body of evidence has suggested that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has beneficial effects in the heart. However, the effect of diabetes on the phosphorylation or activation of cardiac STAT3 appears to be controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the precise function of the STAT3/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway in high glucose (HG)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury and the function of the STAT3/HIF-1α pathway in the cardioprotective action of H2S. The results revealed that GYY4137 pretreatment substantially ameliorated the HG-induced decrease in cell viability and the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in H9c2 cells. Additionally, HG treatment resulted in the upregulation of the phosphorylated (p)-STAT3/STAT3 ratio and HIF-1α protein expression in H9c2 cells, indicating that the activation of the STAT3/HIF-1α pathway was induced by HG. STAT3/HIF-1α pathway inhibition induced by transfection with STAT3 small interfering (si)-RNA attenuated the HG-induced downregulation of cell viability and the upregulation of LDH release. Furthermore, STAT3 siRNA transfection and GYY4137 pretreatment combined attenuated HG-induced apoptosis as illustrated by the decrease in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells, caspase-3 activity, apoptosis ratio and BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator/BCL2 apoptosis regulator ratio in H9c2 cells. In addition, STAT3 siRNA transfection and GYY4137 blocked HG-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the decrease in reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde content and NADPH oxidase 2 expression, and the increase in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione level. Notably, GYY4137 pretreatment was revealed to reduce the p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio and HIF-1α protein expression, resulting in the inhibition of the STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway in HG-treated H9c2 cells. Altogether, the present results demonstrated that H2S mitigates HG-induced H9c2 cell damage, and reduces apoptosis and oxidative stress by suppressing the STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qiang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Xi Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Abstract
Development of novel and effective therapeutics for treating various cancers is probably the most congested and challenging enterprise of pharmaceutical companies. Diverse drugs targeting malignant and nonmalignant cells receive clinical approval each year from the FDA. Targeting cancer cells and nonmalignant cells unavoidably changes the tumor microenvironment, and cellular and molecular components relentlessly alter in response to drugs. Cancer cells often reprogram their metabolic pathways to adapt to environmental challenges and facilitate survival, proliferation, and metastasis. While cancer cells' dependence on glycolysis for energy production is well studied, the roles of adipocytes and lipid metabolic reprogramming in supporting cancer growth, metastasis, and drug responses are less understood. This Review focuses on emerging mechanisms involving adipocytes and lipid metabolism in altering the response to cancer treatment. In particular, we discuss mechanisms underlying cancer-associated adipocytes and lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer drug resistance.
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Norouzirad R, Gholami H, Ghanbari M, Hedayati M, González-Muniesa P, Jeddi S, Ghasemi A. Dietary inorganic nitrate attenuates hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress in obese type 2 diabetic male rats. Life Sci 2019; 230:188-196. [PMID: 31150686 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperoxia has beneficial metabolic effects in type 2 diabetes. However, hyperoxia exacerbates already existing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. Nitrate, a nitric oxide donor, is an effective new treatment in type 2 diabetes and also has antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether nitrate administration can attenuate hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress in obese type 2 diabetic rats. MAIN METHODS Fifty-six male Wistar rats (190-210 g) were divided into 8 groups: Controls (non-treated, nitrate-treated, O2-treated, and nitrate + O2-treated) and diabetes (non-treated, nitrate-treated, O2-treated, and nitrate + O2-treated). Diabetes was induced using high-fat diet and low-dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Rats in intervention groups, were exposed to 95% oxygen and consumed sodium nitrate (100 mg/L) in drinking water. Serum fasting glucose, oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathiones, total oxidant status (TOS), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after intervention. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as TOS/TAC ratio. KEY FINDINGS Diabetic rats had increased oxidative stress and hyperoxia exacerbated it. In O2-diabetic rats, nitrate decreased GSSG (102.7 ± 2.1 vs. 236.0 ± 20.1 μM, P < 0.001), TOS (67.7 ± 7.3 vs. 104 ± 3.8 μM, P < 0.001), and OSI (0.44 ± 0.04 vs. 0.91 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) and increased catalase (2.8 ± 0.13 vs. 1.8 ± 0.21 KU/L, P = 0.014), SOD (53.4 ± 1.5 vs. 38.4 ± 1.2 U/mL, P < 0.001), GSH (43.7 ± 1.4 vs. 17.8 ± 0.5 mM, P = 0.003), TAC (152.5 ± 1.9 vs. 116.7 ± 5.0 mM, P < 0.001), and GSH/GSSG ratio (0.43 ± 0.01 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01, P = 0.005). Nitrate also potentiated effects of hyperoxia on decreasing fasting glucose. SIGNIFICANCE Our results showed that dietary nitrate attenuates hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Norouzirad
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Hanieh Gholami
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghanbari
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Warbrick I, Rabkin SW. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) as a factor mediating the relationship between obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Obes Rev 2019; 20:701-712. [PMID: 30828970 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a common condition with an increased mortality, is strongly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The latter two conditions are associated with increased epicardial fat that can extend into the heart. This review advances the proposition that hypoxia-inhibitory factor-1α (HIF-1α) maybe a key factor producing HFpEF. HIF-1α, a highly conserved transcription factor that plays a key role in tissue response to hypoxia, is increased in adipose tissue in obesity. Increased HIF-1α expression leads to expression of a potent profibrotic transcriptional programme involving collagen I, III, IV, TIMP, and lysyl oxidase. The net effect is the formation of collagen fibres leading to fibrosis. HIF-1α is also responsible for recruiting M1 macrophages that mediate obesity-associated inflammation, releasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β with increased expression of thrombospondin, pro α2 (I) collagen, transforming growth factor β, NADPH oxidase, and connective tissue growth factor. These factors can accelerate cardiac fibrosis and impair cardiac diastolic function. Inhibition of HIF-1α expression in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet suppressed fibrosis and reduces inflammation in adipose tissue. Delineation of the role played by HIF-1α in obesity-associated HFpEF may lead to new potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Warbrick
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon W Rabkin
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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A fat-tissue sensor couples growth to oxygen availability by remotely controlling insulin secretion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1955. [PMID: 31028268 PMCID: PMC6486587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms adapt their metabolism and growth to the availability of nutrients and oxygen, which are essential for development, yet the mechanisms by which this adaptation occurs are not fully understood. Here we describe an RNAi-based body-size screen in Drosophila to identify such mechanisms. Among the strongest hits is the fibroblast growth factor receptor homolog breathless necessary for proper development of the tracheal airway system. Breathless deficiency results in tissue hypoxia, sensed primarily in this context by the fat tissue through HIF-1a prolyl hydroxylase (Hph). The fat relays its hypoxic status through release of one or more HIF-1a-dependent humoral factors that inhibit insulin secretion from the brain, thereby restricting systemic growth. Independently of HIF-1a, Hph is also required for nutrient-dependent Target-of-rapamycin (Tor) activation. Our findings show that the fat tissue acts as the primary sensor of nutrient and oxygen levels, directing adaptation of organismal metabolism and growth to environmental conditions. The mechanisms by which organisms adapt their growth according to the availability of oxygen are incompletely understood. Here the authors identify the Drosophila fat body as a tissue regulating growth in response to oxygen sensing via a mechanism involving Hph inhibition, HIF1-a activation and insulin secretion.
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Norouzirad R, Ghanbari M, Bahadoran Z, Abdollahifar MA, Rasouli N, Ghasemi A. Hyperoxia improves carbohydrate metabolism by browning of white adipocytes in obese type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2019; 220:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Puell MC, Fernandez-Balbuena AÁ. Abdominal obesity linked to a longer cone-mediated dark-adaptation recovery time in healthy eyes. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:163-170. [PMID: 30738070 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and with tissue hypoxia. Human Bruch's membrane (BrM) lipid deposits have been proposed to create a diffusion barrier to metabolic exchange between the choroid and photoreceptors, delaying the regeneration of photopigments. The speed of retinal dark adaptation (DA) is dependent on the regeneration of these photopigments. While the retina is extremely sensitive to hypoxia, the inner retina, which encodes visual contrast, is more affected by hypoxia than the outer retina. This study examines the association between adiposity measures and the time course of DA measured psychophysically through contrast detection to test the functionality of both the outer and inner retina. Cone-mediated DA recovery of contrast threshold (CT) was measured following near-total photopigment bleach for 6 min in 52 healthy eyes of 52 individuals (42.6 ± 18.3 years). Stimuli were sine-wave gratings of low-spatial frequency (1 cycle-per-degree (cpd)) and low luminance (1 cd/m2) generated at the centre of a CRT monitor. CT recovery functions were fitted to an exponential decay model to determine the time constant (τ, seconds) of cone sensitivity recovery, final cone CT (CTf) and CT elevation (CT0). Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) calculated. Relationships were examined through Spearman correlation and through multiple linear regression using age, optical and adiposity measures as independent variables. The repeatability of cone time constant measurements was estimated by the Bland-Altman method and reported as the coefficient of repeatability (CoR). Mean ± SD of time constant and CTf were 57.3 ± 27.7 s and -1.78 ± 0.20 log10 units respectively. Cone time constant showed positive Spearman correlation with WC (p = 0.008) and WHtR (p = 0.023) but not with BMI (p = 0.058). Only WHtR emerged as an independent predictor of time constant (p = 0.001). CTf was not correlated with any adiposity measures. Mean cone time constant was 41 s slower in subjects (25%, n = 13) with abdominal obesity (WHtR≥0.5). Mean CTf was not significantly different in subjects with or without abdominal obesity. CoR for cone time constant was ±16 s. In adult subjects, greater abdominal obesity (WHtR) was related to a longer contrast recovery time for cone-mediated DA (time to dark-adapt) suggesting outer retinal dysfunction. Final contrast threshold, preferentially processed by inner retinal cells, was unaffected by abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cinta Puell
- Applied Vision Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Arcos de Jalón 118, Madrid, 28037, Spain.
| | - Antonio Álvarez Fernandez-Balbuena
- Applied Optics Complutense Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Arcos de Jalón 118, Madrid, 28037, Spain
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MicroRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue and obesity: emerging roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:23-40. [PMID: 30606812 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic condition usually accompanied by insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dyslipidaemia, which is characterised by excessive fat accumulation and related to white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction. Enlargement of WAT is associated with a transcriptional alteration of coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). For many years, big efforts have focused on understanding protein-coding RNAs and their involvement in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and subsequent role in obesity. However, diverse findings have suggested that a dysfunctional adipocyte phenotype in obesity might be also dependent on specific alterations in the expression pattern of ncRNAs, such as miRNAs. The aim of this review is to update current knowledge on the physiological roles of miRNAs and other ncRNAs in adipose tissue function and their potential impact on obesity. Therefore, we examined their regulatory role on specific WAT features: adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, inflammation, glucose metabolism, lipolysis, lipogenesis, hypoxia and WAT browning. MiRNAs can be released to body fluids and can be transported (free or inside microvesicles) to other organs, where they might trigger metabolic effects in distant tissues, thus opening new possibilities to a potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and personalisation of obesity treatment. Understanding the role of miRNAs also opens the possibility of using these molecules on individualised dietary strategies for precision weight management. MiRNAs should be envisaged as a future therapeutic approach given that miRNA levels could be modulated by synthetic molecules (f.i. miRNA mimics and inhibitors) and/or specific nutrients or bioactive compounds.
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