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Tayman C, Çakır U, Kurt A, Ertekin Ö, Taskin Turkmenoglu T, Çağlayan M, Işık E. Evaluation of beneficial effects of dexpanthenol on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Biotech Histochem 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38869860 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2024.2365231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a cause of serious morbidity and mortality in newborns. Dexpanthenol, which is metabolized into D-pantothenic acid, has antioxidant and other potentially therapeutic properties. We examined some effects of dexpanthenol on the brains of week-old rat pups with HIE induced by obstruction of the right carotid artery followed by keeping in 8% O2 for 2 hours. Dexpanthenol (500 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to 16 of 32 pups with HIE. Protein, DNA, and lipid oxidation degradation products were assayed and hippocampal and cortical cell apoptosis and neuronal cell numbers were evaluated in stained sections. Dexpanthenol application reduced oxidative stress and inflammation. TNF-α and IL-6 cytokine levels in HIE also decreased with dexpanthenol treatment. The numbers of caspase-3 positive cells in the dentate gyrus and CA1/CA2/CA3 regions of the hippocampus was lower, and apoptosis was decreased in the dexpanthenol-treated animals. These findings suggest possible clinical applications of dexpanthenol in human HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Tayman
- Department of Neonatology, SBU Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakır
- Department of Neonatology, SBU Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Kurt
- Department of Neonatology, SBU Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Ertekin
- Department of Neonatology, SBU Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin Turkmenoglu
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Dişkapi Yildirim Beyzat Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Çağlayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eray Işık
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (Ear-Nose-Throat), Ankara Dişkapi Yildirim Beyzat Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Mehranfard N, Ghasemi M, Rajabian A, Ansari L. Protective potential of naringenin and its nanoformulations in redox mechanisms of injury and disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22820. [PMID: 38058425 PMCID: PMC10696200 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Increased intracellular levels of ROS can lead to the oxidation of lipids, DNA, and proteins, contributing to cellular damage. Hence, the maintenance of redox hemostasis is essential. Naringenin (NAR) is a flavonoid included in the flavanones subcategory. Various pharmacological actions have been ascribable to this phytochemical composition, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, antiadipogenic, neuro-, and cardio-protective activities. This review focused on the underlying mechanism responsible for the antioxidative stress properties of NAR and its' nanoformulations. Several lines of in vitro and in vivo investigations suggest the effects of NAR and its nanoformulation on their target cells via modulating signaling pathways. These nanoformulations include nanoemulsion, nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), and nanomicelle. This review also highlights several beneficial health effects of NAR nanoformulations on human diseases including brain disorders, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and small intestine injuries. Employing nanoformulation can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of NAR and consequently efficiency by reducing its limitations, such as low bioavailability. The protective effects of NAR and its' nanoformulations against oxidative stress may be linked to the modulation of Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1, NO/cGMP/potassium channel, COX-2, NF-κB, AMPK/SIRT3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, BDNF, NOX, and LOX-1 pathways. Understanding the mechanism behind the protective effects of NAR can facilitate drug development for the treatment of oxidative stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Mehranfard
- Nanokadeh Darooee Samen Private Joint Stock Company, Urmia, 5715793731, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Legha Ansari
- Nanokadeh Darooee Samen Private Joint Stock Company, Urmia, 5715793731, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Kocyigit A, Guler EM, Durmus E, Yenigun VB, Kanimdan E, Ozman Z, Yasar O, Goren AC, Hekimoglu ER, Oruc HH, Aydogdu G. Propolis Enhances 5-Fluorouracil Mediated Antitumor Efficacy and Reduces Side Effects in Colorectal Cancer: An in Vitro and in Vivo Study. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300591. [PMID: 37497658 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the combined treatment of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Anatolian propolis extract (PE) on colorectal cancer (CRC)using in vitro and in vivo studies. We exposed luciferase-transfected (Lovo-Luc CRC) cells and healthy colon cells (CCD-18Co) to varying concentrations of 5-FU and PE to assess their genotoxic, apoptotic, and cytotoxic effects, as well as their intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) levels. We also developed a xenograft model in nude mice and evaluated the anti-tumor effects of PE and 5-FU using various methods. Our findings showed that the combination of PE and 5-FU had selectivity against cancer cells, particularly at higher doses, and enhanced the anti-tumor effectiveness of 5-FU against colon CRC. The results suggest that PE can reduce side effects and increase the effectiveness of 5-FU through iROS generation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bezmialem Vakif University Traditional and Complementary Medicine Advanced Research Applications and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Guler
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Hamidiye School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Durmus
- Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bezmialem Vakıf University Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Biochemistry, Turkey
| | - Vildan Betul Yenigun
- Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Kanimdan
- Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul University Institute of Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ozman
- Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bezmialem Vakıf University Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Biochemistry, Turkey
| | - Oznur Yasar
- Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceyhan Goren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Rumeysa Hekimoglu
- Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Huseyin Oruc
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Aydogdu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Alkhalaf M, Mohamed NA, El-Toukhy SE. Prophylactic consequences of sodium salicylate nanoparticles in cisplatin-mediated hepatotoxicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10045. [PMID: 37344526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Unintended side effects linked to the antineoplastic drug cisplatin are a major drawback in its clinical application. The underlying source of these side effects include the generation of reactive oxygen species which are toxic and damaging to tissues and organs. In the present study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of sodium salicylate was assessed against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Sodium salicylate was used as a model drug and loading into hollow structured porous silica using ultrasound-assisted sol-gel method to produce a nanoemulsion. Transmission Electron Microscopy and Dynamic Light scattering analysis were employed to assess the structural properties and stability of this model. Liver function was assessed by measuring biomarkers including ALT, AST & GGT and oxidant/antioxidant markers including MDA, NO, PON, GSH, MCP1 & AVP in serum or liver tissue. Additionally, blood leukocyte DNA damage was evaluated. Cisplatin significantly altered the normal levels of all biomarkers confirming its hepatotoxic effects. In contrast, treatment with sodium salicylate-loaded silica nanoemulsion significantly restored the levels of these markers. The finding suggests the protective effects of this model drug in preventing cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, and therefore may have implications in attenuating cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alkhalaf
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadia A Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Sushmitha DH, Ramesh C, Sowmya BA, Sushma Bai BR, Rawal P, Shabana SUK. Attenuation of cisplatin induced myelosuppression by methanol extract of Cedrus deodara in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:975-985. [PMID: 35325515 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of methanol extract of Cedrus deodara against cisplatin induced. METHODS Myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats. All experimental animals were administered with cisplatin on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day to induce bone marrow toxicity and rats were treated with methanol extract of C. deodara for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st after 1 h before the administration of the drugs and hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, bleeding time and clotting time were determined were determined. At 21st, all rats were sacrificed and bone marrow samples were collected. The part of bone marrow samples was used for the determination of antioxidant enzymes and remaining were subjected to histopathological examination. RESULTS The animals of therapeutic groups administered with extract of C. deodara have exhibited significant rise in hematological parameters and shorten bleeding time and clotting time when compare to toxic control animals on the day 14 and day 21. The histopathological examination revealed the regeneration of bone marrow cells in the extract treated animals. There was significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzymes was found in extract treated animals. CONCLUSIONS The methanol extract of C. deodara of have shown significant protective effects against cisplatin induced myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Channaiah Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Pinkey Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, East West College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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Akduman H, Tayman C, Korkmaz V, Akduman F, Fettah ND, Gürsoy BK, Turkmenoglu TT, Çağlayan M. Astaxanthin Reduces the Severity of Intestinal Damage in a Neonatal Rat Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:1820-1827. [PMID: 33853144 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to ascertain the effects of astaxanthin (ASX) in an experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) model using rat pups. STUDY DESIGN Forty-two pups born from five Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups as the control group, NEC + placebo (saline), and NEC + ASX. Pups in the NEC + ASX group were given 100 mg/kg/day oral ASX from day 1 to day 4 of the study. Saline of 2 mL/kg was given to the NEC + placebo group. Histopathological, immunohistochemical (caspase-3), and biochemical evaluations including the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nfr-2) activities were all performed. RESULTS A better survival rate and weight gain were demonstrated in the NEC + ASX group (p < 0.05). In the histopathological evaluation, the severity of intestinal damage was significantly reduced in the NEC + ASX group, as well as decreased apoptosis (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] for caspase-3; p = 0.001). The biochemical analyses of intestinal tissue TOS, oxidative stress index (OSI; TOS/TAS), IL-1β, LPO, 8-OHdG, AOPP, caspase-3 (p < 0.001 for all), and TNF-α and MPO (p = 0.001 for both parameters) levels were lower in the NEC + ASX group than in the NEC + placebo group. Nrf-2, TAS, GSH, and SOD levels were higher in the NEC + ASX group than in the NEC + placebo group (p = 0.001, 0.001, <0.001, and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION ASX treatment has been shown to effectively reduce the severity of intestinal damage in NEC due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. KEY POINTS · NEC causes extremely high morbidity and mortality, as well as many complications.. · We investigated the effectiveness of ASX in the experimental NEC model created in rat pups.. · First study examining the effect of ASX on the experimental NEC rat model..
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Akduman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, SBU Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Tayman
- Department of Neonatology, Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Veli Korkmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akduman
- Department of Pediatrics, Beypazarı State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurdan D Fettah
- Department of Neonatology, SBU Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başak K Gürsoy
- Department of Neonatology, SBU Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba T Turkmenoglu
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyzat Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Çağlayan
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences Gülhane Health Sciences Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Hafez HS, Kotb ES, El-Khayat Z, Elshaarawy RFM, Serag WM. The diminution and modulation role of water-soluble gallic acid-carboxymethyl chitosan conjugates against the induced nephrotoxicity with cisplatin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19903. [PMID: 36402822 PMCID: PMC9675851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of cisplatin (CDDP) toward the renal tubules and its severe effects on the proximal tubules limits its further use in cancer therapy. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of gallic acid-grafted O-carboxymethyl chitosan (GA@CMCS) against nephrotoxicity induced by CDDP in rats. Renal injury was assessed in the GA@CMCS/CDDP-treated rats using kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Moreover, the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The comet assay was performed to measure the DNA damage. The renoprotective activity of GA@CMCS was supported by histo- and immuno-pathological studies of the kidney. GA@CMCS significantly normalized the increases in kidney homogenate of KIM-1, MDA, and NO-induced by CDDP and significantly increased GSH as compared with the CDDP group. GA@CMCS also significantly protects rat kidneys from CDDP-induced histo- and immuno-pathological changes. Both biochemical findings and histo- and immuno-pathological evidence showed the renoprotective potential of GA@CMCS against CDDP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal dysfunction in rats. In conclusion, GA@CMCS has been shown to mitigate the nephrotoxicity impact of CDDP in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani S. Hafez
- grid.430657.30000 0004 4699 3087Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43533 Egypt
| | - Ebtesam S. Kotb
- grid.430657.30000 0004 4699 3087Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43533 Egypt
| | - Zakaria El-Khayat
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Center Egypt, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reda F. M. Elshaarawy
- grid.430657.30000 0004 4699 3087Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43533 Egypt
| | - Waleed M. Serag
- grid.430657.30000 0004 4699 3087Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43533 Egypt
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Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidants on Reducing Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1612348. [PMID: 36419843 PMCID: PMC9678481 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1612348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of cisplatin is limited by its adverse events, of which nephrotoxicity is the most commonly observed. In a cisplatin-induced pathological response, oxidative stress is one of the upstream reactions which inflicts different degrees of damages to the intracellular material components. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also one of the early signaling molecules that subsequently undergo a series of pathological reactions, such as apoptosis and necrosis. This review summarizes the mechanism of intracellular ROS generation induced by cisplatin, mainly from the consumption of endogenous antioxidants, destruction of antioxidant enzymes, induction of mitochondrial crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum by ROS and Ca2+, and destruction of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system in the endoplasmic reticulum, all of which result in excessive accumulation of intracellular ROS and oxidative stress. In addition, studies demonstrated that natural antioxidants can protect against the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, by reducing or even eliminating excess free radicals and also affecting other nonredox pathways. Therefore, this review on the one hand provides theoretical support for the research and clinical application of natural antioxidants and on the other hand provides a new entry point for the detailed mechanism of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, which may lay a solid foundation for the future clinical use of cisplatin.
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Özer Bekmez B, Tayman C, Çakır U, Koyuncu İ, Büyüktiryaki M, Türkmenoğlu TT, Çakır E. Glucocorticoids in a Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury Model: Pulmonary and Neurotoxic effects. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:436-444. [PMID: 34725500 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to compare the effect of dexamethasone (Dex), hydrocortisone (Hc), and methylprednisolone (Mpz) at equivalent doses on somatic growth, lung healing, and neurotoxicity in a hyperoxic rat model. We hypothesized that Mpz and Hc would be superior to Dex with less neurotoxicity by exerting similar therapeutic efficacy on the injured lung. METHODS Neonatal rats were randomized to control, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), Dex, Hc, and Mpz groups. All drugs were administered daily following day 15 over 7 days. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the lung and brain were performed on day 22. RESULTS All types had much the same impact on lung repair. Oxidative markers in the lung were similar in the steroid groups. While nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and heat-shock protein 70 dropped following steroid treatment, no difference was noted in other biochemical markers in the brain between the study groups. Apoptotic activity and neuron loss in the parietal cortex and hippocampus were noted utmost in Dex, but alike in other BPD groups. CONCLUSIONS Mpz does not appear to be superior to Dex or Hc in terms of pulmonary outcomes and oxidative damage in the brain, but safer than Dex regarding apoptotic neuron loss. IMPACT This is the first study that compared the pulmonary efficacy and neurotoxic effects of Dex, Hc, and Mpz simultaneously in an established BPD model. This study adds to the literature on the importance of possible antioxidant and protective effects of glucocorticoid therapy in an oxidative stress-exposed brain. Mpz ended up with no more additional neuron loss or apoptosis risk by having interchangeable effects with others for the treatment of established BPD. Mpz and Hc seem safe as a rescue therapy in terms of adverse outcomes for established BPD in which lung and brain tissue is already impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Özer Bekmez
- Division of Neonatology, Sariyer Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Tayman
- Division of Neonatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakır
- Division of Neonatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Büyüktiryaki
- Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol Univerisity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Esra Çakır
- Division of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Calis Z, Dasdelen D, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R. Naringenin Prevents Inflammation, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia in Rat Liver Tissue: Roles of Cytochrome C, NF-κB, Caspase-3, and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:473-479. [PMID: 35796694 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperuricemia (HU) is a metabolic disease characterized by high uric acid levels in the blood. HU is a risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular complications, metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. Purpose: The present study was performed to determine the effect of experimental HU on xanthine oxidase (XO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-17 (IL-17), cytochrome C, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), caspase-3, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in liver tissues of rats. Study Design: Thirty-five, male, Wistar albino-type rats were used for this study. Experimental groups were formed as follows: Group 1: control group; Group 2: potassium oxonate (PO) group; group 3: PO+NAR (naringenin; 2 weeks) group; and Group 4: PO (2 weeks)+NAR (2 weeks) group (total of 4 weeks). Methods: The first group was not given anything other than normal rat food and drinking water. In the second group, a 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of PO was administered for 2 weeks. In the third group, 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal PO (application for 2 weeks) and 100 mg/kg NAR intraperitoneally 1 hr after each application were administered. In the fourth group, intraperitoneal PO administration was applied for 2 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal administration of NAR for 2 weeks (4 weeks in total). At the end of the experimental period, XO, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-17, cytochrome C, GPx, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG levels were determined in liver tissues. Results: HU increased XO, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-17, cytochrome C, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG levels in liver tissues. However, both 2 and 4 weeks of NAR supplementation decreased these values, and also NAR supplementation led to an increase in GPx levels in tissues. Conclusions: The results of the study show that increased inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage in experimental HU can be prevented by administration of NAR due to inhibition of cytochrome C, NF-κB, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Calis
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Dervis Dasdelen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Cardoso LM, Pansani TN, de Souza Costa CA, Basso FG. Regulation of interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinases syntheses by bioflavonoids and photobiomodulation in human gingival fibroblasts. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2973-2987. [PMID: 35612681 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the separately effects of bioflavonoids proanthocyanidins, from grape seed extract (GSE) and synthetic naringenin (NA), as well as photobiomodulation (PBM) by low-level laser therapy on interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) syntheses by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). For this purpose, a connective tissue exposure (ulceration) model of HGF, stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), was used. Initially, the highest non-cytotoxic and non-genotoxic concentrations of bioflavonoids were determined by cell viability and micronuclei formation assays. Then, HGF were exposed to different stimuli: culture medium (negative control), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), TNF-α, NA, GSE, TNF-α + NA, TNF-α + GSE, PBM (3 J/cm2, 0.025 W, 780 nm), and TNF-α + PBM. Next, IL-6, MMP-2, and MMP-9 syntheses were assessed. The concentration of 10 μg/mL of bioflavonoids increased cell viability at 24 and 48 h and did not present cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on HGF after 24, 48, and 72 h of contact. This concentration was selected for the assessment of bioflavonoids potential in modulating inflammatory mediators. TNF-α exposure enhanced IL-6 (170%), MMP-2 (10%), and MMP-9 (20%) syntheses, while a decrease of MMP-2 by 55% after exposure to TNF-α + GSE and 20% after TNF-α + NA and TNF-α + PBM was observed. MMP-9 synthesis was decreased by 35% after TNF-α + NA, 20% after TNF-α + GSE, and 30% after PBM. IL-6 was down-regulated by GSE in the presence of TNF-α (80%). In conclusion, TNF-α up-regulated IL-6 and MMPs, while bioflavonoids and PBM down-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 syntheses; GSE also decreased IL-6 synthesis, demonstrating the individual promising potential of these therapies for ulceration management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Medeiros Cardoso
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP, 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Taisa Nogueira Pansani
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP, 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP, 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto University (UNAERP), 2201 Costábile Romano Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14096-900, Brazil.
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Kocaman OH, Günendi T, Dörterler ME, Koyuncu İ, Celik H, Yumusak N, Boleken ME. Protective effect of osthole on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2022; 28:563-569. [PMID: 35485470 PMCID: PMC10442981 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2021.43333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular torsion is a urological emergency that requires urgent surgical intervention which results in testicular loss if not diagnosed and treated in a timely fashion. Ischemic tissue damage with oxygen deficiency, which starts with the decrease in blood flow to the tissue, continues to increase with the reoxygenation of the damaged tissues as soon as reperfusion is achieved. In various studies, osthole has also been shown to reduce cerebral, spinal cord, intestinal, renal, and myocardial ischemia/perfusion (I/R) damage. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of osthole on testicular I/R injury. METHODS 28 Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=7). Group 1 was the sham operation group. In Group 2 (I/R), 3-h ischemia was created by rotating the testis 720° clockwise, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. In Group 3 (I/R + single dose of Osthole), 20 mg/kg ostol was administered intraperitoneally half an hour before detorsion after 3 h of torsion. The testis was detorsioned. Three h of detorsion was applied. In Group 4 (I/R + twice doses of Osthole), 20 mg/kg ostol was administered intraperitoneally half an hour before detorsion, followed by 3-h torsion. The testis was released and detorsioned. Half an hour after the detorsion, an intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg/kg osthole was administered again. Detorsion was done for 3 h. All rats were sacrificed after 6 h and right orchiectomy was performed for blood for biochemical analysis and histopathological sample. RESULTS Glutathion, nuclear respiratory factor 2, Superoxide dismutase, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were decreased in I/R rats, while interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase levels were increased. While caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, and TUNEL showed moderate immunopositive tissues immunohistochemically in rats with I/R damage, mild immunopositive tissues were detected in Group 3 and Group 4. In the histochemical examination, degenerative tubule structure and separation of epithelial cells were observed in I/R rats, while partially healed testicular tissue was detected in Group 3 and Group 4. CONCLUSION In our study, we observed that osthole reduced oxidative damage, suppressed the inflammatory process, prevented apoptosis, and reduced cell damage. We think that with repeated doses, cellular damage would gradually decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Hakan Kocaman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Şanlıurfa-Turkey
| | - Tansel Günendi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Şanlıurfa-Turkey
| | | | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Şanlıurfa-Turkey
| | - Hakim Celik
- Department of Physiology, Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Şanlıurfa-Turkey
| | - Nihat Yumusak
- Department of Pathology, Harran University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Şanlıurfa-Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Boleken
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Şanlıurfa-Turkey
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Ferah Okkay I, Okkay U, Aydin IC, Bayram C, Ertugrul MS, Mendil AS, Hacimuftuoglu A. Centella asiatica extract protects against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity via targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33774-33784. [PMID: 35029831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Centella asiatica (CA) on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and to clarify the underlying mechanism by biochemical, molecular, immunohistochemical, and histopathological analyses. Rats were pre-treated with two doses of CA (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 consecutive days. Then, on the 15th day, hepatotoxicity was induced by a single cisplatin injection (10 mg/kg i.p.). On the 18th day, the rats were euthanized. CA effectively alleviated cisplatin-induced hepatic injury via reduction in AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes and a decrease in oxidative stress (decreased MDA and ROS, and increased SOD, CAT, and GSH). CA also mitigated the inflammatory damage by the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB. The liver expression of caspase-3 and Bax was downregulated, while Bcl-2 was upregulated. Moreover, immunohistochemical results confirmed the recovery with CA by downregulation of iNOS and 8-OHdG expression. These results showed that with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, CA could help alleviate the hepatotoxic effects of cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmak Ferah Okkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Cagri Aydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Sait Ertugrul
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Sefa Mendil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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14
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Naringenin Improves Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma in Rats through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9110798. [PMID: 35419072 PMCID: PMC9001106 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease with eosinophilic inflammation and oxidative damages leading to airway obstruction. Naringenin is a phytochemical possessing strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities against chronic destructive conditions. The current study is devoted to evaluating naringenin's effects on the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissue in a rat model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. Male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups of six: normal control (NC, receiving 1 ml/day of normal saline, orally), asthmatic (AS, receiving ovalbumin (1 mg/mL), and alum (1 mg/mL in saline) on days 0 and 14. Then, on days 21, 22, and 23, they were sensitized with the inhalation of ovalbumin), AS treated with dexamethasone (AS, 1 mg/kg/day, orally) [AS + D1], AS treated with naringenin (20 mg/kg/day, orally) [AS + N20], and AS treated with naringenin (40 mg/kg/day, orally) [AS + N40]. All the groups received associated drugs/agents for 28 days. Finally, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were taken off from the animals. The eosinophil count in BALF and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), interleukin-13 and -4 (IL-13 and IL-4) levels were measured. Besides, the expression of urocortin (UCN) and surfactant protein-D (SP-D) were evaluated in the lung tissue using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting methods, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were utilized to conduct histopathological analysis. Naringenin treatment significantly reduced MDA, remarkably increased GSH, and meaningfully reduced IL-4 and IL-13 levels in lung tissue. The count of eosinophils in the BALF of AS + N20 and AS + N40 was significantly reduced in comparison with the AS group. The UCN and SP-D protein levels were significantly decreased in the AS + N20 and AS + N40 groups compared to the AS group, using the IHC and western blot methods, respectively. Histopathological analysis data also confirm the results. Naringenin improves the symptoms of allergic asthma through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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15
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Cankara FN, Günaydın C, Çelik ZB, Şahin Y, Pekgöz Ş, Erzurumlu Y, Gülle K. The effects of agomelatine in cisplatin-induced toxicity on the kidney and liver tissues: In vivo study. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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16
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Bademci R, Erdoğan MA, Eroğlu E, Meral A, Erdoğan A, Atasoy Ö, Erbaş O. Demonstration of the protective effect of ghrelin in the livers of rats with cisplatin toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2178-2187. [PMID: 34151639 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211026722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the various and newly developed chemotherapeutic agents in recent years, cisplatin is still used very frequently as a chemotherapeutic agent, even though cisplatin has toxic effects on many organs. The aim of our study is to show whether ghrelin reduces the liver toxicity of cisplatin in the rat model. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley albino mature rats were chosen to be utilized in the study. Group 1 rats (n = 7) were taken as the control group, and no medication was given to them. Group 2 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 1 ml/kg/day of 0.9% NaCl, Group 3 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 10 ng/kg/day ghrelin, Group 4 rats (n = 7) received 5 mg/kg/day cisplatin and 20 ng/kg/day ghrelin for 3 days. Glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and liver biopsy results were measured in rats. It was determined that, especially in the high-dose group, the MDA, plasma ALT, and SOD levels increased less in the ghrelin group as compared to the cisplatin group, and the glutathione level decreased slightly with a low dose of ghrelin, while it increased with a higher dose. In histopathological examination, it was determined that the toxic effect of cisplatin on the liver was reduced with a low dose of ghrelin, and its histopathological appearance was similar to normal liver tissue when given a high dose of ghrelin. These findings show that ghrelin, especially in high doses, can be used to reduce the toxic effect of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bademci
- Department of General Surgery, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M A Erdoğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 485550Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Eroğlu
- Department of General Surgery, 64117Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Meral
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, 64162Yuzuncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - A Erdoğan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Cigli Regional Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ö Atasoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Effects of Inositol Supplementation in Sperm Extender on the Quality of Cryopreserved Mesopotamian Catfish ( Silurus triostegus, H. 1843) Sperm. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113029. [PMID: 34827763 PMCID: PMC8614312 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of supplemented inositol on sperm extenders were examined on the spermatozoa motility rate and duration, total antioxidant and oxidant status, apoptotic spermatozoa and DNA damage, during the sperm post-thaw process of Mesopotamian Catfish (Silurus triostegus, H. 1843). The semen was frozen in diluents containing different inositol concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg). Increasing levels of inositol linearly improved the spermatozoa motility rate and duration significantly (p < 0.05). MDA and TOS were linearly decreased, however, TAS and GSH linearly increased (p < 0.05). The increasing inositol levels resulted in a linear and quadratic decrease in DNA damage in the comet assay, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and the determined percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa (p < 0.05). These results suggest that there are many positive effects of the use of supplemental inositol on enhancing sperm cryopreservation efficiency in Silurus triostegus.
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18
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Tayman C, Çakır U, Akduman H, Karabulut Ş, Çağlayan M. The therapeutic effect of Apocynin against hyperoxy and Inflammation-Induced lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108190. [PMID: 34607228 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung damage due to hyperoxia and inflammation are important causes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Apocynin (Apo) on rat pups exposed to hyperoxia and inflammation. Forty-eight rat pups were randomly divided into 3 groups as hyperoxia (95% O2) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hyperoxia + LPS + Apo treated and control (21% O2). Rat pups in the Apo group received Apo at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg. Histopathological (Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson trichrome), immunochemical (surfactant B and C protein staining) evaluations and biochemical studies incluiding, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), OSI (oxidant stress index), AOPP (advanced protein degradation product), Lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), 8-OHdG, NADPH oxidase activity (NOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, caspase-1 and 3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFR2), Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) activities were studied. After Apo treatment, AOPP, LPO, 8-OHdG, NOX, TOS, OSI levels decreased; SOD, CAT, GSH and TAS levels increased (P < 0.05). Apo reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines with reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome in addition to increased Nrf2 levels. Moreover, caspase-1 and 3 levels decreased with Apo (P < 0.05). Apo was found to provide preventive and therapeutic effects by reducing oxidant stress, blocking inflammation and increasing antioxidant status. Beyond anti-oxidative effects, Apo also have anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inducing Nrf2 as well. Therefore, Apo might be a potential option in the treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Tayman
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Çakır
- Department of Neonatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Akduman
- Department of Neonatology, Dr Sami Ulus Gynecology Obstetrics and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şefika Karabulut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gulhane Institue of Health of Science, University of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Çağlayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Sun L. Low-dose cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib plays a protective role in the rat model of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7234-7245. [PMID: 34546832 PMCID: PMC8806921 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1980646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in rats. After treatment with a low dose of celecoxib (0.5, 1, or 1.5 mg/kg), pathological changes in the ileum and the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in NEC rats were compared. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect inflammatory factors, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was employed to assess apoptotic epithelial cells in the ileum, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to quantify gene and protein expression, respectively. The incidences of NEC rats in the 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg celecoxib groups were lower than in the model group (100%). Celecoxib improved the histopathology of the ileum in NEC rats. Moreover, low doses of celecoxib relieved oxidative stress and inflammation in NEC rats, as evidenced by decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), total oxidation state (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidative stress index (OSI), as well as increased interleukin-10 (IL-10), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). With increasing celecoxib doses (0.5, 1, or 1.5 mg/kg), the amount of apoptotic epithelial cells in the ileum of NEC rats gradually declined and Caspase-3 expression was reduced. The low dose of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib ameliorated the histopathologic conditions of the ileum, alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation, and reduced apoptotic epithelial cells in NEC rats, thereby making it a potential therapy for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
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20
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Jan BL, Ahmad A, Khan A, Rehman MU, Alkharfy KM. Protective effect of chrysin, a flavonoid, on the genotoxic activity of carboplatin in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2146-2152. [PMID: 33829940 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1908752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carboplatin is amongst the most commonly used anticancer drugs for the management of several human malignancies. However, it has displayed genotoxic properties against normal cells. Evaluation of natural products for their protective effects against chemotherapeutic drug induced toxicity has been growing in recent years. A naturally occurring flavonoid, chrysin, has strong antioxidant abilities and protects against DNA impairment. This study used multiple assays to evaluate the levels of damage to DNA in normal cells and to examine any possible protective role of chrysin against such damage. Male BALB/c mice were administered chrysin orally in two doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days and then a single injection of carboplatin [90 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] was administered intraperitoneally to induce carboplatin toxicity. 24 h after the carboplatin injection, mice were sacrificed. DNA damage was evaluated using several genotoxicity tests (8-Hydroxydeoxy-guanosine marker, comet assay, micronucleus test, and chromosomal aberration assay) to identify diverse types of damage to the DNA. The results suggest that pretreatment with chrysin significantly decreased the level of DNA damage caused by carboplatin probably due to its potent antioxidant traits. Therefore, chrysin can be considered to be developed as a chemoprotective agent against chemotherapy associated side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basit L Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Cakir E, Cakir U, Tayman C, Turkmenoglu TT, Gonel A, Turan IO. Favorable Effects of Astaxanthin on Brain Damage due to Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 23:214-224. [PMID: 32072893 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200219121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated inflammation and oxidant stress during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) lead to brain damage. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a type of carotenoid with a strong antioxidant effect. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ASX on brain IRI. METHODS A total of 42 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups as control (n=14) group, IRI (n=14) group and IRI + ASX (n=14) group. Cerebral ischemia was instituted by occluding middle cerebral artery for 120 minutes and subsequently, reperfusion was performed for 48 hours. Oxidant parameter levels and protein degradation products were evaluated. Hippocampal and cortex cell apoptosis, neuronal cell count, neurological deficit score were evaluated. RESULTS In the IRI group, oxidant parameter levels and protein degradation products in the tissue were increased compared to control group. However, these values were significantly decreased in the IRI + ASX group (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in hippocampal and cortex cell apoptosis and a significant increase in the number of neuronal cells in the IRI + ASX group compared to the IRI group alone (p<0.05). The neurological deficit score which was significantly lower in the IRI group compared to the control group was found to be significantly improved in the IRI + ASX group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Astaxanthin protects the brain from oxidative damage and reduces neuronal deficits due to IRI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Cakir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical of Critical Care, Health Sciences University, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Cakir
- Division of Neonatology, Health Sciences University, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Tayman
- Division of Neonatology, Health Sciences University, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin Turkmenoglu
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences University, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ataman Gonel
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Sanliıurfa, Turkey
| | - Isil O Turan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical of Critical Care, Health Sciences University, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Naraki K, Rezaee R, Karimi G. A review on the protective effects of naringenin against natural and chemical toxic agents. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4075-4091. [PMID: 33724584 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG), as a flavanone from flavonoids family, is widely found in grapefruit, lemon tomato, and Citrus fruits. NRG has shown strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in body organs via mechanisms such as enhancement of glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activity, but reduction of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, NRG anti-apoptotic potential was indicated to be mediated by regulating B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase3/9. Overall, these properties make NRG a highly fascinating compound with beneficial pharmacological effects. Based on the literature, NRG-induced protective effects against toxicities produced by natural toxins, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals, were mainly mediated via suppression of lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress (through boosting the antioxidant arsenal), and inflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and IL-12), and activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK survival signaling pathways. Despite considerable body of evidence on protective properties of NRG against a variety of toxic compounds, more well-designed experimental studies and particularly, clinical trials are required before reaching a concrete conclusion. The present review discusses how NRG protects against the above-noted toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Sohail N, Hira K, Kori JA, Farhat H, Urooj F, Khan W, Sultana V, Ali MS, Ehteshamul-Haque S. Nephroprotective effect of ethanol extract and fractions of a sea lettuce, Ulva fasciata against cisplatin-induced kidney injury in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9448-9461. [PMID: 33150506 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is widely used in anticancer therapy, but a substantial percentage of patients who receive the therapeutic dose of cisplatin develop nephrotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity may also develop after a single dose or low repeated doses of cisplatin. Ulva fasciata is an edible seaweed, commonly known as sea lettuces have also been shown various biological activities. In this study, ethanol extract and its solvent fractions (n-hexane and chloroform) of U. fasciata were given (orally) to different groups of rats for 10 days. Injury to the kidney was induced by administrating cisplatin, intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats at a dose of 7 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) dissolved in 1 mL saline, at 5th day of the experiment. At 10th day rats were sacrificed and kidney parameters (creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)) and electrolyte balance (Ca++, Mg++, K+, and Na+) in serum were determined, while oxidative stress markers glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF α), and interleukin (IL-6) were determined in kidney tissues. Histological examination of the kidney was also performed to examine the changes in kidney tissues. Cisplatin caused adverse effects on blood parameters, antioxidants, and inflammatory markers with severe renal tubular injury in kidney tissues. Ethanol extract of U. fasciata and its fractions effectively improved these disorders and diminished the renal dysfunction. However, ethanol extract was found more effective in attenuating the adverse effect of cisplatin than its fractions. n-Hexane-soluble fraction that was subjected to GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several compounds and some of them are new from this source. It could be concluded that the U. fasciata possesses nephroprotective effect and can attenuate cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction. Since U. fasciata is an edible seaweed, it may be used as a diet supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Sohail
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khan Hira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ahmed Kori
- US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Farhat
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Faizah Urooj
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Khan
- Euronano Diagnostics-Anatolia Geneworks, 225/1, PECHS, Block-2, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Viqar Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Martínez-Rodríguez OP, González-Torres A, Álvarez-Salas LM, Hernández-Sánchez H, García-Pérez BE, Thompson-Bonilla MDR, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Effect of naringenin and its combination with cisplatin in cell death, proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer spheroids. RSC Adv 2020; 11:129-141. [PMID: 35423031 PMCID: PMC8690252 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The main treatment alternative for cervical cancer is cisplatin chemotherapy. However, the resistance of tumor cells to cisplatin, in addition to side effects, limits its use. The flavonoid naringenin has shown cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and may be considered as a coadjuvant in the treatment of cervical cancer. In the present study, the effect of naringenin on cell viability, cytotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis and invasion was evaluated in HeLa spheroid cultures. Naringenin impaired the cell viability as indicated by low ATP levels and caused concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity via the loss of cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, it did not activate caspases 3, 7, 8, and 9, suggesting that the cytotoxic effect was by necrotic cell death instead of apoptosis. Additionally, proliferation in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle was inhibited. Cell invasion also decreased as time progressed. Later, we determined if naringenin could improve the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin. The combination of naringenin with low concentrations of cisplatin improved the effect of the drug by significantly decreasing cell viability, potentiating the induction of cytotoxicity and decreasing the invasive capacity of the spheroids. Since these effects are regulated by some key proteins, molecular docking results indicated the interaction of naringenin with RIP3 and MLKL, cyclin B and with matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9. The results showed the anti-tumor effect of naringenin on the HeLa spheroids and improved effect of the cisplatin at low concentrations in combination with naringenin, placing flavonoids as a potential adjuvant in the therapy against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Pablo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av Wilfrido Masseiu Esq. Manuel Stampa S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos CP 07738 Ciudad de México México
| | - Alejandro González-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av Wilfrido Masseiu Esq. Manuel Stampa S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos CP 07738 Ciudad de México México
| | - Luis Marat Álvarez-Salas
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Av. I.P.N. 2508 CP 07360 Ciudad de México México
| | - Humberto Hernández-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av Wilfrido Masseiu Esq. Manuel Stampa S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos CP 07738 Ciudad de México México
| | - Blanca Estela García-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Carpio y Plan de Ayala. Casco de Santo Tomás CP 11340 Ciudad de México México
| | - María Del Rocío Thompson-Bonilla
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital 1ro de Octubre, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado Av. I.P.N. 1669 CP 07300 Ciudad de México México
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av Wilfrido Masseiu Esq. Manuel Stampa S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos CP 07738 Ciudad de México México
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Fulco BC, Jung JT, Brum LO, Zborowski VA, Goulart TA, Nogueira CW. Similar hepatoprotective effectiveness of Diphenyl diselenide and Ebselen against cisplatin-induced disruption of metabolic homeostasis and redox balance in juvenile rats. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fulco BCW, Jung JTK, Chagas PM, Rosa SG, Prado VC, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl diselenide is as effective as Ebselen in a juvenile rat model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126482. [PMID: 32135444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CIS) is widely used in the chemotreatment of pediatric tumors. However, the CIS use is limited because of its high incidence of toxicity, mainly nephrotoxicity. Although there are many studies about CIS-related nephrotoxicity in animal models, only a few studies focus on juvenile animals. Because redox disturbances have been associated with kidney damage induced by CIS, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Ebselen and diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 against nephrotoxicity induced by CIS in juvenile rats. METHODS Juvenile Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: rats from groups I to III received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with saline solution. The other groups received CIS (i.p., 6 mg/kg) on the first day. One hour before CIS injection and on the next four days, animals of groups III and V were intragastrically treated with Ebselen (11 mg/kg) whereas those from groups IV and VI received (PhSe)2 (12 mg/kg). After 24 h of the last treatment, blood and kidney were collected, and the parameters of renal function and oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS Kidney damage induced by CIS was confirmed by the increase of creatinine, urea and uric acid levels in the blood of juvenile rats. The renal oxidative disturbance was characterized by an increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl, and nitrogen oxides (Nox), as well as the decrease in non-protein thiol content (NPSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. CIS inhibited the activities of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and Na+, K+-ATPase and down-regulated the Nrf2/Keap-1/HO-1 pathway in the kidney of juvenile rats. CONCLUSION Both Ebselen and (PhSe)2 modulated back to the normal levels all parameters altered by the CIS administration in the kidney of juvenile rats. Thus, this study shows that (PhSe)2 was as effective as Ebselen in protecting the kidney against oxidative damage caused by CIS in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cruz Weber Fulco
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ten Kathen Jung
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pietro Maria Chagas
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suzan Gonçalves Rosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Costa Prado
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Green Grape Juice. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Plants, due to their phytochemicals, have long been known for their pharmacological potential and medicinal value. Verjuice, the acidic juice of unripe green grape, is still poorly characterized in terms of its chemical composition and biological activities. (2) In this study, we characterized the chemical composition, antioxidant and antitumor potential of verjuice extract. Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents were used to identify the total phenol and total flavonoid composition. Various conventional methods were used to quantify the alkaloids and tannins. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and Neutral Red assay were used to assess the antioxidant and antitumor activities, respectively. (3) We showed that the verjuice extract contains alkaloids, tannins, and a high quantity of total flavonoids and total phenols. Besides its antioxidant activity, verjuice significantly repressed human pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549) cells’ viability in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Moreover, verjuice extract significantly enhanced the anticancer potential of cisplatin. (4) Altogether, these observations suggest a potential use of verjuice as a natural antitumor remedy.
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Wali AF, Rashid S, Rashid SM, Ansari MA, Khan MR, Haq N, Alhareth DY, Ahmad A, Rehman MU. Naringenin Regulates Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Dysfunction: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040550. [PMID: 32344607 PMCID: PMC7238146 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an operational and largely used anticancer drug, used to treat an array of malignancies. Nonetheless, its beneficial use is constrained due to its renal and hepatotoxicity dose dependently. Numerous research findings favor the use of antioxidants may impact Dox-induced liver injury/damage. In the current study, Wistar rats were given naringenin (50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt.) orally for 20 days as prophylactic dose, against the hepatotoxicity induced by single intraperitoneal injection of Dox (20 mg/kg b.wt.). Potency of naringenin against the liver damage caused by Dox was assessed by measuring malonyl aldehyde (MDA) as a by-product of lipid peroxidation, biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and inflammatory mediators. Naringenin-attenuated ROS production, ROS-induced lipid peroxidation, and replenished reduced antioxidant armory, namely, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH). Naringenin similarly diminished expression of Cox-2 and levels of NF-κB and other inflammatory molecules induced by the Dox treatment. Histology added further evidence to the defensive effects of naringenin on Dox-induced liver damage. The outcomes of the current study reveal that oxidative stress and inflammation are meticulously linked with Dox-triggered damage, and naringenin illustrates the potential effect on Dox-induced hepatotoxicity probably through diminishing the oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Farooq Wali
- RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, UAE;
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K 190006, India;
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.R.K.); (D.Y.A.)
| | - Mohammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.R.K.); (D.Y.A.)
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dhafer Yahya Alhareth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (M.R.K.); (D.Y.A.)
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.U.R.); Tel.: +96-6114670765 (A.A. & M.U.R.)
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J&K 190006, India;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.U.R.); Tel.: +96-6114670765 (A.A. & M.U.R.)
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Savall ASP, Fidélis EM, Gutierrez MEZ, Martins BB, Gervini VC, Puntel RL, Roos DH, Ávila DS, Pinton S. Pre‐clinical evidence of safety and protective effect of isatin and oxime derivatives against malathion‐induced toxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:399-410. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pınar N, Çakırca G, Hakverdi S, Kaplan M. Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid on cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biotech Histochem 2019; 95:219-224. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1667025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Pınar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Çakırca
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanliurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Sibel Hakverdi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mahir Kaplan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Polyphenols: Major regulators of key components of DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Sohail N, Hira K, Tariq A, Sultana V, Ehteshamul-Haque S. Marine macro-algae attenuates nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin and acetaminophen in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:25301-25311. [PMID: 31256398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is considered one of the best anticancer medications often used for the treatment of various cancers even with its adverse effects. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used analgesic-antipyretic drug that causes hepatotoxicity at higher than the effective doses. The present study assesses the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of two seaweeds against cisplatin and acetaminophen toxicity in rats. Damage to the liver and kidney was induced by administering a single intraperitoneal dose of acetaminophen (600 mg/kg) or cisplatin (7 mg/kg) to groups of rats. The damage to the liver and kidney was assessed by the elevated liver (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, electrolytes) and kidney (urea, creatinine) biomarkers. The ethanol extract of brown seaweed reversed the elevated levels of kidney and liver biomarkers along with triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose. Among the two seaweeds, Sargassum ilicifolium showed better nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects than the standard drug N-Acetyl-cysteine, Halymenia porphyroides showed only limited protection. Findings of this study provide evidence of nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of S. ilicifolium. Seaweed could be a beneficial dietary supplement to attenuate nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Sohail
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khan Hira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amna Tariq
- M.A.H. Qadri Biological Research Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Viqar Sultana
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Synthesis and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Naringenin Oxime and Oxime Ether Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092184. [PMID: 31052551 PMCID: PMC6539930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids exerting several beneficial biological activities. Synthetic modification of naringenin is of continuous interest. During this study our aim was to synthesize a compound library of oxime and oxime ether derivatives of naringenin, and to investigate their biological activities. Two oximes and five oxime ether derivatives were prepared; their structure has been elucidated by NMR and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The antiproliferative activity of the prepared compounds was evaluated by MTT assay against human leukemia (HL-60) and gynecological cancer cell lines isolated from cervical (HeLa, Siha) and breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) cancers. Tert-butyl oxime ether derivative exerted the most potent cell growth inhibitory activity. Moreover, cell cycle analysis suggested that this derivative caused a significant increase in the hypodiploid (subG1) phase and induced apoptosis in Hela and Siha cells, and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells. The proapoptotic potential of the selected compound was confirmed by the activation of caspase-3. Antioxidant activities of the prepared molecules were also evaluated with xanthine oxidase, DPPH and ORAC assays, and the methyl substituted oxime ether exerted the most promising activity.
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Sherif IO, Sarhan OM. Candesartan in a rat model of testicular toxicity: New insight on its protective mechanism. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:593-601. [PMID: 31042053 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219842149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Cisplatin is a commonly used drug in the treatment of solid tumors and its application is associated with testicular toxicity. The effect of candesartan in cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity and its fundamental mechanism of action were investigated. Candesartan had certainly repaired the testicular injury and ameliorated both biochemical and histopathological changes. Candesartan mitigated the gonadotoxicity induced by cisplatin via antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman O Sherif
- 1 Emergency Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Osama M Sarhan
- 2 Urology and Nephrology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Ege B, Kucuk AO, Koparal M, Koyuncu I, Gonel A. Evaluation of serum prolidase activity and oxidative stress in patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement. Cranio 2019; 39:238-248. [PMID: 31021718 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2019.1606987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate serum prolidase activity and oxidative stress in patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJ-ID).Methods: Seventy patients with Wilkes stage III, IV, and V joints and 70 healthy controls were included. Serum prolidase activity and oxidative stress parameters, including total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), glutathione (GSH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) were measured.Results: The levels of prolidase, TOS, OSI, AOPP, and LOOH were significantly higher in the TMJ-ID group than in the control (p = .0001). TAS and FRAP level was significantly lower in the TMJ-ID group than in the control (p = .0001). There was no significant difference in GSH between groups.Conclusion: Significantly increased prolidase activity and oxidative stress in patients with TMJ-ID may be related to long-term collagen tissue damage, and inflammation and can be effective in the etiology of TMJ-ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ege
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ozcan Kucuk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Koparal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ataman Gonel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey
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Ozdamar K, Sen A, Koyuncu I. THE USE OF THE THIOL-DISULFIDE HOMEOSTASIS AS AN INDICATOR OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PEDIATRIC ADENOID HYPERTROPHY PATIENTS. SANAMED 2019. [DOI: 10.24125/sanamed.v14i1.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Therapeutic and preventative effects of ankaferd blood stopper in an experimental necrotizing enterocolitis model. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:105-110. [PMID: 30465999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major neonatal health problem that especially affects preterm infants and causes severe morbidity and mortality. Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, important risk factors include prematurity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antiapoptotic, and wound healing accelerant properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether treatment with ABS reduced the severity of NEC in rat pups in an experimental NEC model. Thirty-six newborn Wistar albino rat pups were randomly assigned to the control, NEC + saline, or NEC + ABS groups. NEC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, feeding with hyperosmolar enteral formula, and exposure to hypoxia/hyperoxia and cold stress. ABS was administered intraperitoneally to the pups in the NEC + ABS group daily starting on day 1 of the study at a dose of 2 ml/kg by diluting 2 ml with saline at a ratio of 1:3. All pups were sacrificed on day 4. The terminal ileum including the proximal colon was removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination and biochemical analysis. Macroscopic assessment and intestinal injury scores were lower in NEC + ABS group compared to the NEC + saline group (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical evaluations of caspase-3, -8, and -9 revealed significantly reduced apoptosis in the NEC + ABS group compared to the NEC + saline group (p = 0.001). Total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β levels, and lipid, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid oxidation products were significantly lower in the NEC + ABS group compared to NEC + saline group (p < 0.001 for all), while total antioxidant status, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels were higher in the NEC + ABS group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively). ABS treatment has the potential to effectively reduce the severity of intestinal damage in NEC due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Therefore, NEC may be an alternative option for treatment.
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Bilgic Y, Akbulut S, Aksungur Z, Erdemli ME, Ozhan O, Parlakpinar H, Vardi N, Turkoz Y. Protective effect of dexpanthenol against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4049-4057. [PMID: 30402149 PMCID: PMC6200978 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of dexpanthenol (Dexp) against cisplatin (Cis)-induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control group (n=8), Dexp group (n=8, 500 mg/kg/ip/daily single dose/3 days Dexp), Cis group (n=8, 7 mg/kg/ip/single dose Cis) and Cis+Dexp group (n=8, 500 mg/kg/ip/daily single dose/3 days Dexp +7 mg/kg/ip/single dose Cis). MDA, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, TOS, TAS, OSI, Total Nitrit, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were analyzed in liver tissue samples. After paraffinization of liver tissue samples, histopathological (congestion, loss of glycogen, number of Kupffer cells) and immunohistochemical (caspase-3 expression) parameters were assessed on the paraffinized liver sections. GSH, TAS, TOS, OSI, Tot Nit, L-Arginine, ADMA and SDMA levels were measured in the serum samples. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of all liver tissue biochemical parameters, with the exception of IL-1β and TNF-α levels. GSH, CAT, GSH-Px, TAS and Tot Nit levels were significantly higher in the Cis+Dexp group compared to the Cis group, whereas MDA, TOS, OSI and IL-6 levels were higher in the Cis group. Similarly, serum GSH, TAS, Tot Nit levels were higher in the Cis+Dexp group whereas TOS, L-Arginine, ADMA and SDMA levels were higher in Cis group. There were statistically significant differences between Control and Cis groups in terms of congestion increase, increase of glycogen loss, increase of Kupffer cell number and increase of caspase-3 expression (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the Cis and the Cis+Dexp groups in terms of histopathologic parameters, with the exception of congestion (P<0.001). To conclude, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical results of this study demonstrated that Dexp has a protective effect against Cis-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Bilgic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Sami Akbulut
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
- Correspondence to: Dr Sami Akbulut, Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig Yolu 10 Km, Malatya 44280, Turkey, E-mail:
| | - Zeynep Aksungur
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Department of Biochemistry, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Faculty of Medicine, Nigde 51240, Turkey
| | - Onural Ozhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Nigar Vardi
- Department of Embryology and Histology, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Turkoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44280, Turkey
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A recent review of citrus flavanone naringenin on metabolic diseases and its potential sources for high yield-production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Uyanikoglu H, Hilali NG, Yardimciel M, Koyuncu I. A new biomarker for the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion: SCUBE-1. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2018; 45:94-99. [PMID: 29984210 PMCID: PMC6030614 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2018.45.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for saving the adnexal organs from infarction in cases of ovarian torsion (OT). This study aimed to determine the diagnostic significance of signal peptide, complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1 (CUB), and epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing protein-1 (SCUBE-1) levels in cases of OT, an emergent ischemic condition, and the relationship of SCUBE-1 with oxidative stress parameters. Methods This prospective study was conducted among 15 OT patients and 20 age- and gravidity-matched healthy women. SCUBE-1 serum concentrations were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and glutathione (GSH). Results The SCUBE-1 titers were significantly higher in the patients with OT than in the controls (p=0.008). In addition, serum FRAP and GSH levels were significantly lower in the OT patients than in the controls (p<0.001 for both). Serum AOPP levels were higher in the OT patients, but this trend was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Furthermore, there were no correlations between SCUBE-1 levels and age, gravidity, parity, cyst size, and AOPP, FRAP, or GSH levels (p>0.05). Conclusion We believe that SCUBE-1 may be a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Uyanikoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nese Gul Hilali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mesut Yardimciel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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