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Ullah A, Singla RK, Batool Z, Cao D, Shen B. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09884-y. [PMID: 38709387 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a chronic inflammatory epidemic that affects children worldwide. Obesity affects approximately 1 in 5 children worldwide. Obesity in children can worsen weight gain and raise the risk of obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It can also negatively impact the quality of life for these children. Obesity disrupts immune system function, influencing cytokine (interleukins) balance and expression levels, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The altered expression of immune system mediators, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-18 (IL-18), transforming growth factor (TGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and others, caused inflammation, progression, and the development of pediatric obesity and linked illnesses such as diabetes and NAFLD. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), have been shown to have anti-diabetes and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) anti-diabetic and pro-NAFLFD properties, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to have a dual role in managing diabetes and anti-NAFLD. In light of the substantial increase in childhood obesity-associated disorders such as diabetes and NAFLD and the absence of an effective pharmaceutical intervention to inhibit immune modulation factors, it is critical to consider the alteration of immune system components as a preventive and therapeutic approach. Thus, the current review focuses on the most recent information regarding the influence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins) and their molecular mechanisms on pediatric obesity-associated disorders (diabetes and NAFLD). Furthermore, we discussed the current therapeutic clinical trials in childhood obesity-associated diseases, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, 144411, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Zahra Batool
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center of West China Hospital and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Mounika N, Mungase SB, Verma S, Kaur S, Deka UJ, Ghosh TS, Adela R. Inflammatory Protein Signatures as Predictive Disease-Specific Markers for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02035-0. [PMID: 38676759 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide, consisting of a broad spectrum of diseases such as simple steatosis (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are considered as contributing factors to NAFLD development and progression. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the inflammatory protein signatures as predictive disease-specific markers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This cross-sectional study included healthy control (n = 64), NAFL (n = 109), and NASH (n = 60) human subjects. Serum concentrations of various cytokines and chemokines were evaluated using sensitive multiplex assays. We used principal component analysis (PCoA) to reveal distinct differences in the levels of cytokines and chemokines between each of the study groups. Further, a random forest classification model was developed to identify the panel of markers that could predict diseases. The protein-protein network analysis was performed to determine the various signaling pathways associated with the disease-specific panel of markers. Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, G-CSF, PDGF-BB, MCP-1, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, RANTES, eotaxin, IL-8 and IP-10 were significantly increased in NASH group as compared to control group. Furthermore, serum concentrations of IL-9 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the NASH group, whereas IL-2 levels were significantly decreased in the NAFL group when compared to the control group. PCoA results demonstrated statistically significant differences in cytokines and chemokines between each of the study groups (PERMANOVA p = 0.001; R2 = 0.102). RANTES, IL-1ra, MIP-1b, IL-2, and G-CSF could differentiate the NAFL group from the controls; G-CSF, IL-1ra, TNF-α, RANTES, and IL-9 could differentiate the NASH group from the controls; and G-CSF, IL-9, IL-13, eotaxin, and TNF- α could differentiate the NASH group from the NAFL group. Our protein-protein network revealed that these markers are involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, TNF, chemokine, JAK/STAT, P13K/Akt, TLR, NOD-like receptor, NF-kB, and adipocytokine signaling pathways which might be responsible for disease pathogenesis. Our study findings revealed a set of distinct cytokine and chemokine markers and they might be considered as biomarkers in distinguishing NASH from NAFL. Future multicentre studies with larger sample size are recommended to determine the potential utility of these panels of markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadella Mounika
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India
| | - Suraj Bhausaheb Mungase
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India
| | - Shivangi Verma
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Savneet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver & Biliary Science (ILBS), New Delhi-110 070, Vasant Kunj, India
| | - Utpal Jyoti Deka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Downtown Hospital, GS Road, Bormotoria, Guwahati, Assam-781006, India
| | - Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), Okhla Phase III, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Guwahati, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Changsari, Kamrup, Assam-781101, India.
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He X, You R, Shi Y, Zeng Z, Tang B, Yu J, Xiao Y, Xiao R. Pyroptosis: the potential eye of the storm in adult-onset Still's disease. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2269-2282. [PMID: 37429997 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death with a high pro-inflammatory effect, causes cell lysis and leads to the secretion of countless interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 cytokines, resulting in a subsequent extreme inflammatory response through the caspase-1-dependent pathway or caspase-1-independent pathway. Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disease with extensive disease manifestations and severe complications such as macrophage activation syndrome, which is characterized by high-grade inflammation and cytokine storms regulated by IL-1β and IL-18. To date, the pathogenesis of AOSD is unclear, and the available therapy is unsatisfactory. As such, AOSD is still a challenging disease. In addition, the high inflammatory states and the increased expression of multiple pyroptosis markers in AOSD indicate that pyroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AOSD. Accordingly, this review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and describes the potential role of pyroptosis in AOSD, the therapeutic practicalities of pyroptosis target drugs in AOSD, and the therapeutic blueprint of other pyroptosis target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglan He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruixuan You
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingsi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangfan Xiao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Abozaid YJ, Ayada I, van Kleef LA, Vallerga CL, Pan Q, Brouwer WP, Ikram MA, Van Meurs J, de Knegt RJ, Ghanbari M. Plasma proteomic signature of fatty liver disease: The Rotterdam Study. Hepatology 2023; 78:284-294. [PMID: 36738080 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fatty liver disease (FLD) is caused by excess fat in the liver, and its global prevalence exceeds 33%. The role of protein expression on the pathogenesis of FLD and accompanied fibrosis and its potential as a disease biomarker is currently not clear. Hence, we aimed to identify plasma proteomics associated with FLD and fibrosis using population-based data. APPROACH AND RESULTS Blood samples were collected from 2578 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. The proximity extension assay reliably measured plasma levels of 171 cardiometabolic and inflammatory-related proteins (Olink Proteomics). FLD was assessed by ultrasound, and fibrosis by transient elastography. Logistic regression models quantified the association of plasma proteomics with FLD and fibrosis. In addition, we aimed to validate our results in liver organoids. The cross-sectional analysis identified 27 proteins significantly associated with FLD surpassing the Bonferroni-corrected p <2.92×10 -4 . The strongest association was observed for FGF-21 (β=0.45, p =1.07×10 -18 ) and carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) protein (β=0.66, p =4.91×10 -40 ). Importantly, 15 of the 27 proteins significantly associated with FLD were also associated with liver fibrosis. Finally, consistent with plasma proteomic profiling, we found the expression levels of IL-18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) and CES1 to be upregulated in an FLD model of 3-dimensional culture human liver organoids. CONCLUSIONS Among the general population, several inflammatory and cardiometabolic plasma proteins were associated with FLD and fibrosis. Particularly, plasma levels of FGF-21, IL-18R1, and CES1 were largely dependent on the presence of FLD and fibrosis and may therefore be important in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir J Abozaid
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ibrahim Ayada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens A van Kleef
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Costanza L Vallerga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem P Brouwer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sportsmedicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J de Knegt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Stiglund N, Hagström H, Stål P, Cornillet M, Björkström NK. Dysregulated peripheral proteome reveals NASH-specific signatures identifying patient subgroups with distinct liver biology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186097. [PMID: 37342340 PMCID: PMC10277514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The prognosis may vary from simple steatosis to more severe outcomes such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The understanding of the biological processes leading to NASH is limited and non-invasive diagnostic tools are lacking. Methods The peripheral immunoproteome in biopsy-proven NAFL (n=35) and NASH patients (n=35) compared to matched, normal-weight healthy controls (n=15) was studied using a proximity extension assay, combined with spatial and single cell hepatic transcriptome analysis. Results We identified 13 inflammatory serum proteins that, independent of comorbidities and fibrosis stage, distinguished NASH from NAFL. Analysis of co-expression patterns and biological networks further revealed NASH-specific biological perturbations indicative of temporal dysregulation of IL-4/-13, -10, -18, and non-canonical NF-kβ signaling. Of the identified inflammatory serum proteins, IL-18 and EN-RAGE as well as ST1A1 mapped to hepatic macrophages and periportal hepatocytes, respectively, at the single cell level. The signature of inflammatory serum proteins further permitted identification of biologically distinct subgroups of NASH patients. Conclusion NASH patients have a distinct inflammatory serum protein signature, which can be mapped to the liver parenchyma, disease pathogenesis, and identifies subgroups of NASH patients with altered liver biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Stiglund
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Cornillet
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K. Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jayasekera D, Hartmann P. Noninvasive biomarkers in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:609-640. [PMID: 37305367 PMCID: PMC10251277 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i5.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide among children and adolescents. It encompasses a spectrum of disease, from its mildest form of isolated steatosis, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, or end-stage liver disease. The early diagnosis of pediatric NAFLD is crucial in preventing disease progression and in improving outcomes. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD. However, given its invasive nature, there has been significant interest in developing noninvasive methods that can be used as accurate alternatives. Here, we review noninvasive biomarkers in pediatric NAFLD, focusing primarily on the diagnostic accuracy of various biomarkers as measured by their area under the receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, and specificity. We examine two major approaches to noninvasive biomarkers in children with NAFLD. First, the biological approach that quantifies serological biomarkers. This includes the study of individual circulating molecules as biomarkers as well as the use of composite algorithms derived from combinations of biomarkers. The second is a more physical approach that examines data measured through imaging techniques as noninvasive biomarkers for pediatric NAFLD. Each of these approaches was applied to children with NAFLD, NASH, and NAFLD with fibrosis. Finally, we suggest possible areas for future research based on current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulshan Jayasekera
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Li M, Qin Z, Yu Q, Huang Z, Cheng J, Zhong L, Liu Y, Xie J, Li Y, Chen J, Zhan R, Su Z. Anti-Inflammatory Activation of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex is Mediated by Berberine Erythrocytes Self-Assembly Targeted Delivery System. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4365-4383. [PMID: 36583113 PMCID: PMC9793729 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s385301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Berberine (BBR) is the primary active component of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC), which has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases. However, the discrepancy between its low bioavailability and significant therapeutic effect remains obscure. The purpose of this study was to explore the previously unsolved enigma of the low bioavailability of BBR and its appreciable anti-inflammatory effect to reveal the action mechanism of BBR and PCC. Methods The quantitative analysis of BBR and its metabolite oxyberberine (OBB) in blood and tissues was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography to investigate the conversion and distribution of BBR/OBB mediated by erythrocytes. Routine blood tests and immunohistochemical staining were used to explore the potential relationship between the amounts of monocyte/macrophage and the drug concentration in erythrocytes and tissues (liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, muscle, brain and pancreas). To comparatively explore the anti-inflammatory effects of BBR and OBB, the acetic acid-induced vascular permeability mice model and lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were employed. Results Nearly 92% of BBR existed in the erythrocytes in rats. The partition coefficient of BBR between plasma and erythrocytes (Kp/b) decreased with time. OBB was found to be the oxidative metabolite of BBR in erythrocytes. Proportion of BBR/OBB in erythrocytes changed from 9.38% to 16.30% and from 13.50% to 46.24%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the BBR/OBB concentration in blood and monocyte depletion after a single administration of BBR. BBR/OBB was transported via erythrocytes to various tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and heart, etc), with the liver achieving the highest concentration. OBB exhibited similar anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo as BBR with much smaller dosage. Conclusion BBR was prodominantly found in erythrocytes, which was critically participated in the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, metabolism and target delivery of BBR and its metabolite. The anti-inflammatory activity of BBR and PCC was intimately associated with the metabolism into the active congener OBB and the targeted delivery to monocytes/macrophages mediated by the erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehui Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ruoting Zhan; Ziren Su, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, no. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
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Aggan HE, Mahmoud S, Deeb NE, Eleishi I, El-Shendidi A. Significance of elevated serum and hepatic NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in hepatitis C virus-related liver disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19528. [PMID: 36376416 PMCID: PMC9663582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is a microbial and danger signal sensor that acts as a regulator of inflammation via activation of Caspase-1 (CASP1) and has been identified as a major contributor to human liver diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between NLRP3 and the progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver disease. Serum NLRP3 levels were analyzed in 49 patients with chronic HCV infection and 18 healthy controls and liver tissues from 34 patients were examined to assess the protein expression of NLRP3 and its activation marker CASP1 using immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that the median serum NLRP3 levels was significantly higher in HCV-infected patients compared with healthy controls (1040 pg/ml vs 695 pg/ml respectively, P < 0.001) and were positively correlated with hepatic NLRP3 and CASP1 expression (r = 0.749, P < 0.001 and r = 0.557, P = 0.001 respectively). The NLRP3 levels in serum and the liver significantly increased with worsening liver pathology and showed positive correlations with serum aminotransferases levels, HCV viremia, and albumin-bilirubin score (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a high diagnostic performance of serum NLRP3 in determining the extent of liver necroinflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis (area under the curve = 0.951, 0.971, and 0.917 respectively, P < 0.001). In conclusion, NLRP3 plays an important role in liver disease progression during HCV infection via CASP1 activation and might be a promising therapeutic target. Serum NLRP3 could be an additional biomarker for liver inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda El Aggan
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Internal Medicine (Hepatobiliary Unit), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabah Mahmoud
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nevine El Deeb
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Islam Eleishi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Internal Medicine (Hepatobiliary Unit), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Assem El-Shendidi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Internal Medicine (Hepatobiliary Unit), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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da Cruz NS, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, e Oliveira ACP, Magalhães KG. Inflammasome-Mediated Cytokines: A Key Connection between Obesity-Associated NASH and Liver Cancer Progression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102344. [PMID: 36289606 PMCID: PMC9598450 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies and is commonly diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a tumor type that affects about 90% of patients. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and obesity are both risk factors for this disease. HCC initiation and progression are deeply linked with changes in the hepatic microenvironment, with cytokines playing key roles. The understanding of the pathogenic pathways that connect these disorders to liver cancer remains poor. However, the inflammasome-mediated cytokines associated with both diseases are central actors in liver cancer progression. The release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 during inflammasome activation leads to several detrimental effects on the liver microenvironment. Considering the critical crosstalk between obesity, NASH, and HCC, this review will present the connections of IL-1β and IL-18 from obesity-associated NASH with HCC and will discuss approaches to using these cytokines as therapeutic targets against HCC.
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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Acupuncture Treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:5259088. [PMID: 35782337 PMCID: PMC9242809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5259088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acupuncture is a long-established treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of NAFLD, and a certain degree of progress has been made in the study of related mechanisms. However, previous systematic reviews have not discussed the characteristics and the related mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, this review synthesizes the progress in research on acupuncture in the context of NAFLD treatment by the inhibition of inflammatory responses, regulation of lipid metabolism disorder, treatment of insulin resistance, antagonization of oxidative stress injury, and interference with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Overall, we sought to highlight the latest research results, potential applications, and ongoing challenges of this therapy.
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Nascè A, Gariani K, Jornayvaz FR, Szanto I. NADPH Oxidases Connecting Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Outlook. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061131. [PMID: 35740032 PMCID: PMC9219746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by ectopic fat accumulation in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance and is the most frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the features connecting NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM is cellular oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to a redox imbalance due to an inequity between the capacity of production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the major cellular ROS sources is NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es). In physiological conditions, NOX-es produce ROS purposefully in a timely and spatially regulated manner and are crucial regulators of various cellular events linked to metabolism, receptor signal transmission, proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, dysregulated NOX-derived ROS production is related to the onset of diverse pathologies. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge concerning NOX enzymes as connective elements between NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM and weighs their potential relevance as pharmacological targets to alleviate fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nascè
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
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12
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Amadieu C, Maccioni L, Leclercq S, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, de Timary P, Stärkel P. Liver alterations are not improved by inulin supplementation in alcohol use disorder patients during alcohol withdrawal: A pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104033. [PMID: 35490461 PMCID: PMC9062816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence highlights that targeting the gut microbiota could be an interesting approach to improve alcohol liver disease due to its important plasticity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inulin supplementation on liver parameters in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients (whole sample) and in a subpopulation with early alcohol-associated liver disease (eALD). Methods Fifty AUD patients, hospitalized for a 3-week detoxification program, were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and assigned to prebiotic (inulin) versus placebo for 17 days. Liver damage, microbial translocation, inflammatory markers and 16S rDNA sequencing were measured at the beginning (T1) and at the end of the study (T2). Findings Compared to placebo, AST (β = 8.55, 95% CI [2.33:14.77]), ALT (β = 6.01, 95% CI [2.02:10.00]) and IL-18 (β = 113.86, 95% CI [23.02:204.71]) were statistically significantly higher in the inulin group in the whole sample at T2. In the eALD subgroup, inulin supplementation leads to specific changes in the gut microbiota, including an increase in Bifidobacterium and a decrease of Bacteroides. Despite those changes, AST (β = 14.63, 95% CI [0.91:28.35]) and ALT (β = 10.40, 95% CI [1.93:18.88]) at T2 were higher in the inulin group compared to placebo. Treatment was well tolerated without important adverse events or side effects. Interpretation This pilot study shows that 17 days of inulin supplementation versus placebo, even though it induces specific changes in the gut microbiota, did not alleviate liver damage in AUD patients. Further studies with a larger sample size and duration of supplementation with adequate monitoring of liver parameters are needed to confirm these results. Gut2Brain study: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03803709 Funding Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, FRS-FNRS, Fondation Saint-Luc.
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Mohamed MS, Ghaly S, Azmy KH, Mohamed GA. Assessment of interleukin 32 as a novel biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterised by enhanced hepatic fat deposition and inflammation. Efforts to manage NAFLD are limited by the poorly characterised pathological processes and the lack of precise non-invasive markers, thus, proving the need to further study the involved cytokines, which, in turn, may represent novel molecular targets with possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Hence, we aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of serum interleukin 32 (IL-32) in NAFLD cases. This case-control study included 40 NAFLD patients and 40 healthy controls. The serum IL-32 concentrations were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results
The serum IL-32 concentrations were significantly higher in NAFLD cases than controls (76 [45.5–111.125] vs. 13 [8–15] pg/mL, P < 0.001, respectively). IL-32 at a cut-off point > 22.5 pg/mL had 100% sensitivity, 87.50% specificity, 88.9% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, and 98.2% accuracy in detecting the NAFLD cases.
Conclusion
Serum IL-32 could be considered a novel non-invasive marker for NAFLD. Further investigations are warranted to verify the potential utility of IL-32 in the clinical setting.
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Abstract
The involvement of inflammasomes in the proinflammatory response observed in chronic liver diseases, such as alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is widely recognized. Although there are different types of inflammasomes, most studies to date have given attention to NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) in the pathogenesis of ALD, NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Canonical inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that are assembled after the sensing of danger signals and activate caspase-1, which matures interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 and also induces a form of cell death called pyroptosis. Noncanonical inflammasomes activate caspase-11 to induce pyroptosis. We discuss the different types of inflammasomes involved in liver diseases with a focus on (a) signals and mechanisms of inflammasome activation, (b) the role of different types of inflammasomes and their products in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, and (c) potential therapeutic strategies targeting components of the inflammasomes or cytokines produced upon inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle de Carvalho Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; ,
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; ,
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Sohrabi M, Ajdarkosh H, Gholami A, Amirkalali B, Mansorian MR, Aten S, Sohrabi M, Nasiri-Toosi M, Zamani F, Keyvani H. Association between Melatonin Value and Interleukins1B, -18, and -33 Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:110-117. [PMID: 36619722 PMCID: PMC9489333 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Interaction between immune modulators and inflammatory factors is considered as one of the main underlying pathologies of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hence we aimed to assess the association between these cytokines and melatonin. METHODS: We enrolled adult patients diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasonography in a crosssectional study. All of them underwent Fibroscan evaluation. The subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for NAFLD were involved. A normal group who did not have NAFLD, viral or non-viral hepatitis, and without a history of pancreatobiliary surgery, bariatric surgery, and intake of any medication that influence the liver was also selected. The participants were categorized into the three following groups: 1) fibrosis>9.1 kPa and steatosis>290 dbm, 2) fibrosis: 6-9.0 kPa and steatosis 240-290 dbm, and 3) normal group with fibrosis<6.0 kPa and steatosis<240 dbm. Laboratory assessment and a questionnaire including demographic, anthropometric, laboratories, and clinical data were completed for each of them. RESULTS: Totally 97 subjects were enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the subjects was 42.2±11.3 years. 60% of them (59 patients) were female. Serum levels of melatonin, interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-18, and IL-33 increased according to the advancing of NAFLD state. Based on multiple linear regression model, melatonin was significantly associated with IL-1B (β=2.8, P<0.001,95% CI=1.41-4.19), IL-18 (β=0.018, P=0.0005, 95% CI=0.006-0.03), and IL-33 (β=0.31, P=0.045, 95% CI=0.008-0.62) after adjustment for other variables. CONCLUSION: Melatonin level has a strong association with these cytokines. This linkage probably influences on the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore it can be hypothesized that the therapeutic approach that affects this process may have a significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Bahreh Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Reza Mansorian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Aten
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri-Toosi
- Liver transplantation Research Center. Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Hossein Keyvani, MD Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Telefax:+98 21 82141633
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Ma HL, Chen SD, Zheng KI, Yu Y, Wang XX, Tang LJ, Li G, Rios RS, Huang OY, Zheng XY, Xu RA, Targher G, Byrne CD, Wang XD, Chen YP, Zheng MH. TA allele of rs2070673 in the CYP2E1 gene is associated with lobular inflammation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2925-2934. [PMID: 34031913 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays a role in lipid metabolism, and by increasing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation, the upregulation of CYP2E1 is involved in development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We aimed to explore the relationship between CYP2E1-333A>T (rs2070673) and the histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We studied 438 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. NASH was defined as NAFLD Activity Score ≥ 5 with existence of steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. CYP2E1-333A>T (rs2070673) was genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Serum cytokines related to inflammation were measured by the Bio-plex 200 system to investigate possible mediating factors involved in the process. RESULTS The TA genotype of rs2070673 had a higher prevalence of moderate/severe lobular inflammation (27.6% vs 20.3% vs 13.3%, P < 0.01) and NASH (55.7% vs 42.4% vs 40.5%, P < 0.01) compared with the AA and TT genotypes, respectively. In multivariable regression modeling, the heterozygote state TA was associated with moderate/severe lobular inflammation (adjusted odds ratio: 2.31, 95% confidence interval 1.41-3.78, P < 0.01) or NASH (adjusted odds ratio: 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.22-2.69, P < 0.01), independently of age, sex, common metabolic risk factors, and presence of liver fibrosis. Compared with no-NASH, NASH patients had significantly higher levels of serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-18, and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), whereas only IP-10 was increased with the rs2070673 TA variant (P = 0.01). Mediation analysis showed that IP-10 was responsible for ~60% of the association between the rs2070672 and NASH. CONCLUSIONS The TA allele of rs2070673 is strongly associated with lobular inflammation and NASH, and this effect appears to be largely mediated by serum IP-10 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Ma
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sui-Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kenneth I Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang-Jie Tang
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rafael S Rios
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ou-Yang Huang
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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Akimova T, Zhang T, Christensen LM, Wang Z, Han R, Negorev D, Samanta A, Sasson IE, Gaddapara T, Jiao J, Wang L, Bhatti TR, Levine MH, Diamond JM, Beier UH, Simmons RA, Cantu E, Wilkes DS, Lederer DJ, Anderson M, Christie JD, Hancock WW. Obesity-related IL-18 Impairs Treg Function and Promotes Lung Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:1060-1074. [PMID: 34346860 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202012-4306oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a severe form of acute lung injury, leading to increased early morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Obesity is a major health problem, and recipient obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for developing PGD. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that T-regulatory (Treg) cells are able to dampen early ischemia/reperfusion events and thereby decrease risk of PGD, whereas that action is impaired in obese recipients. METHODS We evaluated Treg, T cells and inflammatory markers, plus clinical data, in 79 lung and 41 liver or kidney transplant recipients and studied two groups of mice on high fat diet (HFD), who developed ("inflammatory" HFD) or not ("healthy" HFD) low-grade inflammation with decreased Treg function. RESULTS We identified increased levels of IL-18 as a previously unrecognized mechanism that impairs Treg suppressive function in obese individuals. IL-18 decreases levels of FOXP3, the key Treg transcription factor, decreases FOXP3 di- and oligomerization and increases the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of FOXP3. IL-18-treated Tregs or Treg from obese mice fail to control PGD, while IL-18 inhibition ameliorates lung inflammation. The IL-18 driven impairment in Treg suppressive function pre-transplant was associated with increased risk and severity of PGD in clinical lung transplant recipients. CONCLUSION Obesity-related IL-18 induces Treg dysfunction that may contribute to the pathogenesis of PGD. Evaluation of Treg suppressive function along with IL-18 levels may serve as screening tools to identify pre-transplant obese recipients with increased risk of PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Akimova
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lanette M Christensen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rongxiang Han
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dmitry Negorev
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Arabinda Samanta
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Isaac E Sasson
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Trivikram Gaddapara
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jing Jiao
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Pathology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Liqing Wang
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tricia R Bhatti
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Matthew H Levine
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joshua M Diamond
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Pulmonary/Critical Care, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ulf H Beier
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 14640, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Edward Cantu
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 14640, Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David S Wilkes
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 12250, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.,University of Virginia School of Medicine, 12349, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - David J Lederer
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 12294, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, New York, New York, United States.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, 7845, Tarrytown, New York, United States
| | - Michaela Anderson
- Columbia University Medical Center, 21611, Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jason D Christie
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- University of Pennsylvania, 6572, Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6567, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
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Zhang Y, Fan Y, He W, Han Y, Bao H, Yang R, Wang B, Kong D, Wang H. Persistent deficiency of mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells during alcohol-related liver disease. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:148. [PMID: 34321090 PMCID: PMC8320031 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases. Inflammatory response is a basic pathological feature of ALD. Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT) cells are a novel population of innate immune cells, which may be depleted in various inflammatory diseases. However, the changes of MAIT cell in ALD remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, the levels of MAIT cell were significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic cirrhosis, and mixed cirrhosis (alcoholic + viral). Furthermore, the reduction of circulating MAIT cells was correlated with liver function in patients with cirrhosis. Functional changes among circulating MAIT cells in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, including increased production of IL-17A and perforin, and reduced production of TNF-α. Plasma cytokine and chemokine levels were quantified using multiple immunoassays and ELISA. Serum levels of chemokine IL-8 were correlated with MAIT cell frequency in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Moreover, no differences were observed in the expression of CCR6, CXCR6, and PD-1 in circulating MAIT cells of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The MAIT cells in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were prone to apoptosis, which was promoted by IL-12, IL-18, and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate persistent MAIT cell loss during alcohol-related liver disease and suggest that MAIT cells can be promising indicator and therapeutic targets in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Huarui Bao
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Derun Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Figueiredo ML, Letteri R, Chan-Seng D, Kumar S, Rivera-Cruz CM, Emrick TS. Reengineering Tumor Microenvironment with Sequential Interleukin Delivery. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8070090. [PMID: 34209203 PMCID: PMC8301035 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8070090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cytokines can reengineer anti-tumor immunity to modify the tumor micro-environment. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) can partially reduce tumor growth in several animal models, including prostate cancer. We hypothesized that addition of IL-18, which can induce the proliferation of several immune effector cells through inducing IFNγ could synergize with IL-27 to enhance tumor growth control. We describe our findings on the effects of IL-27 gene delivery on prostate cancer cells and how sequential therapy with IL-18 enhanced the efficacy of IL-27. The combination of IL-27 followed by IL-18 (27→18) successfully reduced cancer cell viability, with significant effects in cell culture and in an immunocompetent mouse model. We also examined a novel chimeric cytokine, comprising an IL-27 targeted at the C-terminus with a short peptide, LSLITRL (27pepL). This novel cytokine targets a receptor upregulated in tumor cells (IL-6Rα) via the pepL ligand. Interestingly, when we compared the 27→18 combination with the single 27pepL therapy, we observed a similar efficacy for both. This efficacy was further enhanced when 27pepL was sequenced with IL-18 (27pepL→18). The observed reduction in tumor growth and significantly enriched canonical pathways and upstream regulators, as well as specific immune effector signatures (as determined by bioinformatics analyses in the tumor microenvironment) supported the therapeutic design, whereby IL-27 or 27pepL can be more effective when delivered with IL-18. This cytokine sequencing approach allows flexible incorporation of both gene delivery and recombinant cytokines as tools to augment IL-27's bioactivity and reengineer efficacy against prostate tumors and may prove applicable in other therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marxa L. Figueiredo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.K.); (C.M.R.-C.)
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-5790
| | - Rachel Letteri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - Delphine Chan-Seng
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Shreya Kumar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.K.); (C.M.R.-C.)
| | - Cosette M. Rivera-Cruz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.K.); (C.M.R.-C.)
| | - Todd S. Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
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20
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Shao Q, Wu Y, Ji J, Xu T, Yu Q, Ma C, Liao X, Cheng F, Wang X. Interaction Mechanisms Between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711835. [PMID: 34966296 PMCID: PMC8710489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has complex pathogenic mechanisms. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the mutual pathomechanisms involved in MDD and NAFLD development. Chronic stress-mediated elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels play an important role in the development of MDD-related NAFLD. Elevated GC levels can induce the release of inflammatory factors and changes in gut permeability. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which further increases the release of GC. At the same time, changes in gut permeability promote the release of inflammatory factors, which results in a vicious circle among the three, causing disease outbreaks. Even though the specific role of the thyroid hormone (TH) in this pathogenesis has not been fully established, it is highly correlated with MDD and NAFLD. Therefore, changing lifestyles and reducing psychological stress levels are necessary measures for preventing MDD-related NAFLD. Among them, GC inhibitors and receptor antagonists may be key in the alleviation of early and mid-term disease progression. However, combination medications may be important in late-stage diseases, but they are associated with various side effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have been shown to be potential therapeutic alternatives for such complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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21
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Friesen CS, Hosey-Cojocari C, Chan SS, Csanaky IL, Wagner JB, Sweeney BR, Friesen A, Fraser JD, Shakhnovich V. Efficacy of Weight Reduction on Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Opportunities to Improve Treatment Outcomes Through Pharmacotherapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:663351. [PMID: 33927697 PMCID: PMC8076784 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.663351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the single greatest risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Without intervention, most pediatric patients with NAFLD continue to gain excessive weight, making early, effective weight loss intervention key for disease treatment and prevention of NAFLD progression. Unfortunately, outside of a closely monitored research setting, which is not representative of the real world, lifestyle modification success for weight loss in children is low. Bariatric surgery, though effective, is invasive and can worsen NAFLD postoperatively. Thus, there is an evolving and underutilized role for pharmacotherapy in children, both for weight reduction and NAFLD management. In this perspective article, we provide an overview of the efficacy of weight reduction on pediatric NAFLD treatment, discuss the pros and cons of currently approved pharmacotherapy options, as well as drugs commonly used off-label for weight reduction in children and adolescents. We also highlight gaps in, and opportunities for, streamlining obesity trials to include NAFLD assessment as a valuable, secondary, therapeutic outcome measure, which may aid drug repurposing. Finally, we describe the already available, and emerging, minimally-invasive biomarkers of NAFLD that could offer a safe and convenient alternative to liver biopsy in pediatric obesity and NAFLD trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chance S. Friesen
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | | | - Sherwin S. Chan
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Iván L. Csanaky
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Wagner
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Brooke R. Sweeney
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Alec Friesen
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jason D. Fraser
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Valentina Shakhnovich
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, United States
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Valentina Shakhnovich,
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22
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He Y, Hwang S, Ahmed YA, Feng D, Li N, Ribeiro M, Lafdil F, Kisseleva T, Szabo G, Gao B. Immunopathobiology and therapeutic targets related to cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:18-37. [PMID: 33203939 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, F-75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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23
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Hohenester S, Kanitz V, Schiergens T, Einer C, Nagel J, Wimmer R, Reiter FP, Gerbes AL, De Toni EN, Bauer C, Holdt L, Mayr D, Rust C, Schnurr M, Zischka H, Geier A, Denk G. IL-18 but Not IL-1 Signaling Is Pivotal for the Initiation of Liver Injury in Murine Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228602. [PMID: 33202693 PMCID: PMC7696705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising in prevalence, and a better pathophysiologic understanding of the transition to its inflammatory phenotype (NASH) is key to the development of effective therapies. To evaluate the contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream effectors IL-1 and IL-18 in this process, we applied the true-to-life “American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome” (ALiOS) diet mouse model. Development of obesity, fatty liver and liver damage was investigated in mice fed for 24 weeks according to the ALiOS protocol. Lipidomic changes in mouse livers were compared to human NAFLD samples. Receptor knockout mice for IL-1 and IL-18 were used to dissect the impact of downstream signals of inflammasome activity on the development of NAFLD. The ALiOS diet induced obesity and liver steatosis. The lipidomic changes closely mimicked changes in human NAFLD. A pro-inflammatory gene expression pattern in liver tissue and increased serum liver transaminases indicated early liver damage in the absence of histological evidence of NASH. Mechanistically, Il-18r−/−- but not Il-1r−/− mice were protected from early liver damage, possibly due to silencing of the pro-inflammatory gene expression pattern. Our study identified NLRP3 activation and IL-18R-dependent signaling as potential modulators of early liver damage in NAFLD, preceding development of histologic NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hohenester
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.N.); (R.W.); (F.P.R.); (A.L.G.); (E.N.D.T.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronika Kanitz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (V.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Tobias Schiergens
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Claudia Einer
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.E.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jutta Nagel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.N.); (R.W.); (F.P.R.); (A.L.G.); (E.N.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Ralf Wimmer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.N.); (R.W.); (F.P.R.); (A.L.G.); (E.N.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Florian P. Reiter
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.N.); (R.W.); (F.P.R.); (A.L.G.); (E.N.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Alexander L. Gerbes
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.N.); (R.W.); (F.P.R.); (A.L.G.); (E.N.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Enrico N. De Toni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.N.); (R.W.); (F.P.R.); (A.L.G.); (E.N.D.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Christian Bauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Infectiology and Metabolism, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Lesca Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (V.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Christian Rust
- Department of Medicine I, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, 80639 Munich, Germany;
| | - Max Schnurr
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (C.E.); (H.Z.)
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Gerald Denk
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.N.); (R.W.); (F.P.R.); (A.L.G.); (E.N.D.T.); (G.D.)
- Transplantation Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Mosca A, Panera N, Crudele A, Alisi A. Noninvasive diagnostic tools for pediatric NAFLD: where are we now? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:1035-1046. [PMID: 32715793 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1801413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver disease in the pediatric population. It is a significant liver complication of obesity that also prominently affects children. Over the past decade, several noninvasive methods have been investigated for replacing liver biopsy to identify which children with NAFLD have nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. These methods that aim to differentiate the type and extent of liver damage are based on two main different methodologies: a 'biological' approach centered on the quantification of circulating biomarkers; and a 'physical' approach established by analyzing different imaging data. AREAS COVERED In this review, we illustrate the state of the art and recent discoveries on noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of NAFLD, NASH, and advanced fibrosis. EXPERT OPINION Currently, noninvasive tests cannot diagnose NASH or determine the degree of fibrosis. However, several lines of evidence have suggested that if these tests are used in a complementary way with other laboratory tests and imaging they have the potential to be used to monitor progression of disease and response to therapy in pediatric NAFLD. Future scientific research will focus on combining these methods with multiple potential predictors of genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mosca
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Panera
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Crudele
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome, Italy
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25
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Klaikeaw N, Wongphoom J, Werawatganon D, Chayanupatkul M, Siriviriyakul P. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of aloe vera in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:363-377. [PMID: 32821335 PMCID: PMC7407916 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i7.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera exerts several biological activities, such as, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. It was recently shown to reduce insulin resistance and triglyceride level. We hypothesized that aloe vera would have beneficial effects in alleviating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats.
AIM To examine the therapeutic effects of aloe vera in NASH rats.
METHODS All rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6 in each group). Rats in the control group were fed ad libitum with a standard diet for 8 wk. Rats in the NASH group were fed ad libitum with a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD) for 8 wk. Rats in the aloe vera group were fed ad libitum with a HFHFD and aloe vera in dimethylsulfoxide (50 mg/kg) by gavage daily for 8 wk. Liver samples were collected at the end of the treatment period.
RESULTS Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly in the NASH group as compared with the control group (377 ± 77 nmol/mg vs 129 ± 51 nmol/mg protein, respectively, P < 0.001). Glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly lower in the NASH group than the control group (9 ± 2 nmol/mg vs 24 ± 8 nmol/mg protein, respectively, P = 0.001). The expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18), nuclear factor-kappa β, and caspase-3 increased, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma decreased in the NASH group compared with the controls. Following aloe vera administration, MDA levels decreased (199 ± 35 nmol/mg protein) and GSH increased (18 ± 4 nmol/mg protein) markedly. Steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation and increased hepatocyte apoptosis were observed in the NASH group. Aloe vera treatment attenuated these changes in liver histology.
CONCLUSION Aloe vera attenuated oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis, thus improving liver pathology in rats with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruemon Klaikeaw
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Wongphoom
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasong Siriviriyakul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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26
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of aloe vera in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Hepatol 2020. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i7.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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27
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Di Sessa A, Cirillo G, Guarino S, Marzuillo P, Miraglia Del Giudice E. Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current perspectives on diagnosis and management. PEDIATRIC HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2019; 10:89-97. [PMID: 31692530 PMCID: PMC6711552 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s188989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in childhood. To date, the “multiple-hit” hypothesis is largely recognized as an explanation of NAFLD pathogenesis and progression. Obesity and features of the metabolic syndrome have been closely linked to NAFLD development. Due to the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide, NAFLD has reached epidemic proportions over time. Given its unfavorable cardiometabolic burden (such as cardiovascular and metabolic consequences), it represents a worrying phenomenon needing a more comprehensive and successful management. Laboratory tests and classical imaging techniques play a pivotal role in NAFLD diagnosis, but novel noninvasive alternative methods to diagnose and monitor NAFLD have been investigated. Currently, lifestyle modifications remain the mainstay treatment, although its efficacy is poor because of the lack of compliance. Pediatric research is focusing on multiple alternative treatments targeting the main pathogenic factors such as insulin-resistance, dyslipidemia, gut-liver axis and microbiota, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory pathways. Results from these studies are promising but larger validation is needed. Innovative therapeutic approaches might add an important piece in the complex knowledge of pediatric NAFLD. We aimed to summarize recent insights into NAFLD diagnosis and treatment in children, with a focus on possible future perspectives in pediatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Studies of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Studies of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Stefano Guarino
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Studies of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Studies of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Studies of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli 80138, Italy
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28
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Update on pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 5:11-21. [PMID: 30915402 PMCID: PMC6431091 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2019.83152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Increasing prevalence of NAFLD in children may be the cause of unfavorable metabolic implications and development of end stage liver disease. NAFLD is a “multiple-hit” disease mediated by several metabolic, environmental, genetic and microbiological mechanisms. Additionally, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation predispose to progressive liver damage. According to current guidelines, liver biopsy is an imperfect gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis, but due to its invasive character its use is limited in children and it should be performed only in children who need exclusion of coexisting diseases. Noninvasive methods should be preferred and current research is focused on serum markers and novel imaging or elastographic techniques. Therapeutic approaches for NAFLD are currently focused on lifestyle modification, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and the gut microbiome. However, a number of clinical studies on novel therapeutic molecules are ongoing.
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29
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Wang F, Liu Y, Yuan J, Yang W, Mo Z. Compound C Protects Mice from HFD-Induced Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:3206587. [PMID: 31485221 PMCID: PMC6710782 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3206587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of compound C on an in vivo mouse model of high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obesity and hepatosteatosis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed with a standard diet (n = 5) for 16 weeks and then injected saline once a day for 4 weeks as the normal chow group. Mice (n = 10) were fed with HFD for 16 weeks to induce obesity and hepatosteatosis and then divided into two groups: HFD + vehicle group injected with the vehicle solution (saline) and HFD + compound C group injected with compound C in saline (5 mg/kg i.p., once a day) for 4 weeks. Liver histology was observed. The expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism and proinflammation in liver tissue were examined. NLRP3 inflammasome expression in liver tissue was detected by the western blot assay. HepG2 cells were pretreated with compound C and/or AICAR for 1 h and then treated with palmitic acid (PA) for 3 h. The cells were collected, and mRNA levels were determined. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in body-weight gain and daily food intake in the HFD + compound C group compared with the HFD + vehicle group (p < 0.05). The glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) showed that compound C alleviated insulin resistance. Histology analysis showed a significant reduction of hepatic steatosis by compound C. Compound C also significantly decreased fatty acid synthesis genes, while increased fatty acid oxidation genes. Furthermore, compound C significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory markers and NLRP3 inflammasome (p < 0.05). Compound C enhanced mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD2, catalase, GPx1, and GPx4 and reduced the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio, which were stimulated by palmitic acid (PA). The effect was enhanced by AICAR. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that compound C is a potent NAFLD suppressor and an attractive therapeutic target for hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuxing Liu
- The Life Science School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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