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Mann G, Adegoke OAJ. Elevated BCAA catabolism reverses the effect of branched-chain ketoacids on glucose transport in mTORC1-dependent manner in L6 myotubes. J Nutr Sci 2024; 13:e66. [PMID: 39464407 PMCID: PMC11503859 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their metabolites, branched-chain ketoacids (BCKA), are increased in insulin resistance. We previously showed that ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose transport in L6 myotubes, especially in myotubes depleted of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD), the enzyme that decarboxylates BCKA. This suggests that upregulating BCKD activity might improve insulin sensitivity. We hypothesised that increasing BCAA catabolism would upregulate insulin-stimulated glucose transport and attenuate insulin resistance induced by BCKA. L6 myotubes were either depleted of BCKD kinase (BDK), the enzyme that inhibits BCKD activity, or treated with BT2, a BDK inhibitor. Myotubes were then treated with KIC (200 μM), leucine (150 μM), BCKA (200 μM), or BCAA (400 μM) and then treated with or without insulin (100 nM). BDK depletion/inhibition rescued the suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose transport by KIC/BCKA. This was consistent with the attenuation of IRS-1 (Ser612) and S6K1 (Thr389) phosphorylation but there was no effect on Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation. The effect of leucine or BCAA on these measures was not as pronounced and BT2 did not influence the effect. Induction of the mTORC1/IRS-1 (Ser612) axis abolished the attenuating effect of BT2 treatment on glucose transport in cells treated with KIC. Surprisingly, rapamycin co-treatment with BT2 and KIC further reduced glucose transport. Our data suggests that the suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose transport by KIC/BCKA in muscle is mediated by mTORC1/S6K1 signalling. This was attenuated by upregulating BCAA catabolic flux. Thus, interventions targeting BCAA metabolism may provide benefits against insulin resistance and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Mann
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi A. John Adegoke
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Wang YX, Pi JC, Yao YF, Peng XP, Li WJ, Xie MY. Hypoglycemic effects of white hyacinth bean polysaccharide on type 2 diabetes mellitus rats involvement with entero-insular axis and GLP-1 via metabolomics study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136489. [PMID: 39393741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of white hyacinth bean polysaccharide (WHBP) against type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) which was established by high-glucose/high-fat for 8 weeks, combined with a low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Our results showed that WHBP behaved the hypoglycemic effect by attenuating fasting blood glucose in vivo. WHBP-mediated anti-diabetic effects associated with the attenuation of insulin resistance and pancreatic impairment, as evidenced by the mitigation of pathological changes, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the pancreas of T2DM rats. Meanwhile, gut protection was also shown during WHBP-mediated anti-diabetic effects, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a mediator of the entero-insular axis, was observed to be elevated in both gut and pancreas of WHBP groups when compared to DM group, suggesting that hypoglycemic effects of WHBP were implicated in gut-pancreas interaction. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomics analysis performed by UPLC-QTOF/MS and showed that WHBP administration significantly adjusted the levels of 40 metabolites when compared to DM group. Further data concerning pathway analysis showed that WHBP administration significantly regulated the phenylalanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, arginine and proline, isoleucine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in T2DM rats. Together, our results suggested that WHBP performed hypoglycemic effects and pancreatic protection linked to entero-insular axis involvement with GLP-1 and reversed metabolic disturbances in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jin-Chan Pi
- College of Future Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yu-Fei Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Cui L, Li Z, Liu X, Li Z, Li J, Guo Y, Zhou H, Yang X, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Ren L, Hua L. Association between serum branched chain amino acids, mammalian target of rapamycin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a 1:1 matched case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:633. [PMID: 39358711 PMCID: PMC11446021 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between serum branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women. METHODS 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted including 66 GDM patients and 66 matched healthy pregnant women (± 3 years) in 2019, in China. Fasting bloods of pregnant women were collected in pregnancy at 24 ~ 28 weeks gestation. And the serum levels of valine (Val), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and mTOR were determined. Conditional logistic regressions models were used to estimate the associations of BCAAs and mTOR concentrations with the risk of GDM. RESULTS Concentrations of serum Val and mTOR in cases were significantly higher than that in controls (P < 0.05). After adjusted for the confounded factors, both the second tertile and the third tertile of mTOR increased the risk of GDM (OR = 11.771, 95%CI: 3.949-35.083; OR = 4.869 95%CI: 1.742-13.611, respectively) compared to the first tertile of mTOR. However, the second tertile of serum Val (OR = 0.377, 95%CI:0.149-0.954) and the second tertile of serum Leu (OR = 0.322, 95%CI: 0.129-0.811) decreased the risk of GDM compared to the first tertile of serum Val and Leu, respectively. The restricted cubic spline indicated a significant nonlinear association between the serum levels of mTOR and the risk of GDM (P values for non-linearity = 0.0058). CONCLUSION We confirmed the association of higher mTOR with the increased risk of GDM in pregnant women. Pregnant women who were in the certain range level of Val and Leu were at lower risk of GDM. Our findings provided epidemiological evidence for the relation of serum BCAAs and mTOR with risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhonglei Li
- Department of Nutrition, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Huijun Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhengya Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Linlin Hua
- Department of Advanced Medical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Andersson-Hall U, Kristiansson E, Zander M, Wallenius K, Sengpiel V, Holmäng A. Glucose tolerance two years after gestational diabetes classified by old Swedish or new WHO diagnostic criteria. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 216:111831. [PMID: 39168186 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore how introduction of the lower WHO gestational diabetes (GDM) glucose criteria in Sweden affected prediabetes/type-2-diabetes (T2D) incidence two years postpartum. METHODS Women included in the PREvention of PostPartum (PREPP) diabetes study were diagnosed with GDM according to EASD 1991 criteria (GDMOLD; n = 93) or only WHO 2013 criteria (GDMWHO; n = 174). Both groups were further stratified by BMI, and BMI-matched normoglycemic pregnancy controls were included (n = 88). Postpartum assessments included oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS There was a higher postpartum incidence of T2D in GDMOLD versus GDMWHO (P < 0.001). Despite similar BMI, GDMOLD exhibited higher fasting and OGTT glucose levels, lower fat-free-mass, and hip circumference compared to GDMWHO. In normal-weight women, both GDM groups displayed higher HOMA-IR and lower fat-free-mass compared to controls, with GDMOLD additionally showing lower HOMA-β, slower insulin release during OGTT, and worse glucose tolerance than GDMWHO. Among obese women, the main differences were lower fat-free-mass and hip circumference in GDMOLD. CONCLUSION The lower glucose cut-offs during pregnancy resulted in lower postpartum incidence of T2D, irrespective of BMI. Fat-free-mass emerged as a key determinant in glucose levels across BMI categories, while lower beta-cell function played a significant role in normal-weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Emilia Kristiansson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Malin Zander
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Kristina Wallenius
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Sengpiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
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5
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Mann G, Mora S, Adegoke OAJ. KIC (ketoisocaproic acid) and leucine have divergent effects on tissue insulin signaling but not on whole-body insulin sensitivity in rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309324. [PMID: 39163364 PMCID: PMC11335129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids and their metabolites, the branched-chain ketoacids are increased in insulin resistance. Our previous studies showed that leucine and its metabolite KIC suppress insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes along with the activation of the S6K1-IRS-1 pathway. Because other tissue and fiber types can be differentially regulated by KIC, we analyzed the effect of KIC gavage on whole-body insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling in vivo. We hypothesized that KIC gavage would reduce whole-body insulin sensitivity and increase S6K1-IRS-1 phosphorylation in various tissues and muscle fibers. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were starved for 24 hours and then gavaged with 0.75ml/100g of water, leucine (22.3g/L) or KIC (30g/L) twice, ten minutes apart. They were then euthanized at different time points post-gavage (0.5-3h), and muscle, liver, and heart tissues were dissected. Other sets of gavaged animals underwent an insulin tolerance test. Phosphorylation (ph) of S6K1 (Thr389), S6 (Ser235/6) and IRS-1 (Ser612) was increased at 30 minutes post leucine gavage in skeletal muscles irrespective of fiber type. Ph-S6 (Ser235/6) was also increased in liver and heart 30 minutes after leucine gavage. KIC gavage increased ph-S6 (Ser235/6) in the liver. Neither Leucine nor KIC influenced whole-body insulin tolerance, nor ph-Akt (Ser473) in skeletal muscle and heart. BCKD-E1 α abundance was highest in the heart and liver, while ph-BCKD-E1 α (Ser293) was higher in the gastrocnemius and EDL compared to the soleus. Our data suggests that only leucine activates the S6K1-IRS-1 signaling axis in skeletal muscle, liver and heart, while KIC only does so in the liver. The effect of leucine and KIC on the S6K1-IRS-1 signaling pathway is uncoupled from whole-body insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that KIC and leucine may not induce insulin resistance, and the contributions of other tissues may regulate whole-body insulin sensitivity in response to leucine/KIC gavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Mann
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Mora
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi A. John Adegoke
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Baars DP, Fondevila MF, Meijnikman AS, Nieuwdorp M. The central role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and management of type 2 diabetes. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1280-1300. [PMID: 39146799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The inhabitants of our intestines, collectively called the gut microbiome, comprise fungi, viruses, and bacterial strains. These microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of dietary compounds and the regulation of our adaptive and innate immune systems. Less known is the reciprocal interaction between the gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as their role in modifying therapies to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to discuss the existing literature on gut microbial strains and their diet-derived metabolites involved in T2DM. We also explore the potential diagnostics and therapeutic avenues the gut microbiota presents for targeted T2DM management. Personalized treatment plans, driven by diet and medication based on the patient's microbiome and clinical markers, could optimize therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Baars
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcos F Fondevila
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abraham S Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Diabetes Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Li H. The role of lipid dysregulation in gestational diabetes mellitus: Early prediction and postpartum prognosis. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:15-25. [PMID: 38095269 PMCID: PMC10759727 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological condition during pregnancy characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, and the failure of pancreatic beta-cells to respond appropriately to an increased insulin demand. However, while the majority of women with GDM will return to normoglycemia after delivery, they have up to a seven times higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes during midlife, compared with those with no history of GDM. Gestational diabetes mellitus also increases the risk of multiple metabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Lipid metabolism undergoes significant changes throughout the gestational period, and lipid dysregulation is strongly associated with GDM and the progression to future type 2 diabetes. In addition to common lipid variables, discovery-based omics techniques, such as metabolomics and lipidomics, have identified lipid biomarkers that correlate with GDM. These lipid species also show considerable potential in predicting the onset of GDM and subsequent type 2 diabetes post-delivery. This review aims to update the current knowledge of the role that lipids play in the onset of GDM, with a focus on potential lipid biomarkers or metabolic pathways. These biomarkers may be useful in establishing predictive models to accurately predict the future onset of GDM and type 2 diabetes, and early intervention may help to reduce the complications associated with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Zhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University, School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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8
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Di Cesare F, Calgaro M, Ghini V, Squarzanti DF, De Prisco A, Visciglia A, Zanetta P, Rolla R, Savoia P, Amoruso A, Azzimonti B, Vitulo N, Tenori L, Luchinat C, Pane M. Exploring the Effects of Probiotic Treatment on Urinary and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Healthy Individuals. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3866-3878. [PMID: 37970754 PMCID: PMC10696601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They are used to promote gut health and alleviate various disorders. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the potential effects of probiotics on human physiology. In the presented study, the effects of probiotic treatment on the metabolic profiles of human urine and serum using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic approach were investigated. Twenty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study, and they received two different dosages of probiotics for 8 weeks. During the study, urine and serum samples were collected from volunteers before and during probiotic supplementation. The results showed that probiotics had a significant impact on the urinary and serum metabolic profiles without altering their phenotypes. This study demonstrated the effects of probiotics in terms of variations of metabolite levels resulting also from the different probiotic posology. Overall, the results suggest that probiotic administration may affect both urine and serum metabolomes, although more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and clinical implications of these effects. NMR-based metabonomic analysis of biofluids is a powerful tool for monitoring host-gut microflora dynamic interaction as well as for assessing the individual response to probiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cesare
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Calgaro
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Zanetta
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical
Research Srl, Via Enrico
Mattei, 3, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Giotto
Biotech S.r.l., Via Madonna
del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical
Research Srl, Via Enrico
Mattei, 3, Novara 28100, Italy
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9
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Razo-Azamar M, Nambo-Venegas R, Meraz-Cruz N, Guevara-Cruz M, Ibarra-González I, Vela-Amieva M, Delgadillo-Velázquez J, Santiago XC, Escobar RF, Vadillo-Ortega F, Palacios-González B. An early prediction model for gestational diabetes mellitus based on metabolomic biomarkers. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:116. [PMID: 37264408 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents the main metabolic alteration during pregnancy. The available methods for diagnosing GDM identify women when the disease is established, and pancreatic beta-cell insufficiency has occurred.The present study aimed to generate an early prediction model (under 18 weeks of gestation) to identify those women who will later be diagnosed with GDM. METHODS A cohort of 75 pregnant women was followed during gestation, of which 62 underwent normal term pregnancy and 13 were diagnosed with GDM. Targeted metabolomics was used to select serum biomarkers with predictive power to identify women who will later be diagnosed with GDM. RESULTS Candidate metabolites were selected to generate an early identification model employing a criterion used when performing Random Forest decision tree analysis. A model composed of two short-chain acylcarnitines was generated: isovalerylcarnitine (C5) and tiglylcarnitine (C5:1). An analysis by ROC curves was performed to determine the classification performance of the acylcarnitines identified in the study, obtaining an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.934 (0.873-0.995, 95% CI). The model correctly classified all cases with GDM, while it misclassified ten controls as in the GDM group. An analysis was also carried out to establish the concentrations of the acylcarnitines for the identification of the GDM group, obtaining concentrations of C5 in a range of 0.015-0.25 μmol/L and of C5:1 with a range of 0.015-0.19 μmol/L. CONCLUSION Early pregnancy maternal metabolites can be used to screen and identify pregnant women who will later develop GDM. Regardless of their gestational body mass index, lipid metabolism is impaired even in the early stages of pregnancy in women who develop GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Razo-Azamar
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del INMEGEN en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), 14330, Mexico City, México
| | - Rafael Nambo-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Enfermedades Crónicas Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemí Meraz-Cruz
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), 04530, Mexico City, México
| | - Jaime Delgadillo-Velázquez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México
| | - Xanic Caraza Santiago
- Centro de Salud T-III Dr. Gabriel Garzón Cossa, Jurisdicción Sanitaria Gustavo A. Madero, SSA de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Rafael Figueroa Escobar
- Centro de Salud T-III Dr. Gabriel Garzón Cossa, Jurisdicción Sanitaria Gustavo A. Madero, SSA de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM en Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Arenal Tepepan, 14610, Mexico City, México.
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del INMEGEN en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), 14330, Mexico City, México.
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A Study of the Metabolic Pathways Affected by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Comparison with Type 2 Diabetes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112881. [PMID: 36428943 PMCID: PMC9689375 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains incompletely understood and increases the risk of developing Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Metabolomics provides insights etiology and pathogenesis of disease and discovery biomarkers for accurate detection. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a key platform defining metabolic signatures in intact serum/plasma. In the present study, we used NMR-based analysis of macromolecules free-serum to accurately characterize the altered metabolic pathways of GDM and assessing their similarities to DM2. Our findings could contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of GDM and help in the identification of metabolomic markers of the disease. METHODS Sixty-two women with GDM matched with seventy-seven women without GDM (control group). 1H NMR serum spectra were acquired on an 11.7 T Bruker Avance DRX NMR spectrometer. RESULTS We identified 55 metabolites in both groups, 25 of which were significantly altered in the GDM group. GDM group showed elevated levels of ketone bodies, 2-hydroxybutyrate and of some metabolic intermediates of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and significantly lower levels of metabolites of one-carbon metabolism, energy production, purine metabolism, certain amino acids, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, ornithine, 2-aminobutyrate, taurine and trimethylamine N-oxide. CONCLUSION Metabolic pathways affected in GDM were beta-oxidation, ketone bodies metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, arginine and ornithine metabolism likewise in DM2, whereas BCAAs catabolism and aromatic amino acids metabolism were affected, but otherwise than in DM2.
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Gadgil MD, Ingram KH, Appiah D, Rudd J, Whitaker KM, Bennett WL, Shikany JM, Jacobs DR, Lewis CE, Gunderson EP. Prepregnancy Protein Source and BCAA Intake Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the CARDIA Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114142. [PMID: 36361016 PMCID: PMC9658365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet quality and protein source are associated with type 2 diabetes, however relationships with GDM are less clear. This study aimed to determine whether prepregnancy diet quality and protein source are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Participants were 1314 Black and White women without diabetes, who had at least one birth during 25 years of follow-up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study. The CARDIA A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) was assessed in the overall cohort at enrollment and again at Year 7. Protein source and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake were assessed only at the Year 7 exam (n = 565). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between prepregnancy dietary factors and GDM. Women who developed GDM (n = 161) were more likely to have prepregnancy obesity and a family history of diabetes (p < 0.05). GDM was not associated with prepregnancy diet quality at enrollment (Year 0) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99, 1.02) or Year 7 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94, 1.00) in an adjusted model. Conversely, BCAA intake (OR:1.59, 95% CI 1.03, 2.43) and animal protein intake (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.10) as a proportion of total protein intake, were associated with increased odds of GDM, while proportion of plant protein was associated with decreased odds of GDM (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99). In conclusion, GDM is strongly associated with source of prepregnancy dietary protein intake but not APDQS in the CARDIA study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana D. Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katherine H. Ingram
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Duke Appiah
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center of Statistics and Analytical Sciences, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jessica Rudd
- Department of Statistics and Analytical Sciences, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Kara M. Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wendy L. Bennett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James M. Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
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12
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Andersson-Hall U, Hossein Pour D, Grau S, Börjesson M, Holmäng A. Exercise, aerobic fitness, and muscle strength in relation to glucose tolerance 6 to 10 years after gestational diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110078. [PMID: 36099975 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to identify self-reported exercise and objectively measured fitness variables associated with glucose tolerance and metabolic health 6-10 years after gestational diabetes (GDM) METHODS: Women (n = 84) underwent oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), body composition measurements, and lifestyle questionnaires 6 and 10 years after GDM. In a subset (n = 45), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak fat oxidation, and maximal isometric strength of five muscle groups were tested. RESULTS At 10 years, 41 women (49%) had impaired glucose metabolism or type 2 diabetes (T2D). VO2peak and muscle strength were lowest in the T2D group. In a regression analysis, VO2peak and all strength measurements were associated negatively with HbA1c and waist-hip ratio and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, only muscle strength was associated with fasting and area-under-the-curve glucose. For changes between the 6- and 10-year follow-ups, only muscle strength was associated with HbA1c change, whereas both VO2peak and strength were associated with high-density lipoprotein level and changes in waist-hip ratio. Peak fat oxidation and self-reported physical activity showed no or weak relationships with glycemic variables. CONCLUSION Objectively measured fitness variables, particularly muscle strength, were strongly associated with glycemic and other metabolic outcomes in a high-risk group after GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Denise Hossein Pour
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grau
- Centre for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Centre for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Acute and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of MGA, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Lu W, Hu C. Molecular biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum diabetes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1940-1951. [PMID: 36148588 PMCID: PMC9746787 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health problem worldwide that threatens both maternal and fetal health. Identifying individuals at high risk for GDM and diabetes after GDM is particularly useful for early intervention and prevention of disease progression. In the last decades, a number of studies have used metabolomics, genomics, and proteomic approaches to investigate associations between biomolecules and GDM progression. These studies clearly demonstrate that various biomarkers reflect pathological changes in GDM. The established markers have potential use as screening and diagnostic tools in GDM and in postpartum diabetes research. In the present review, we summarize recent studies of metabolites, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microRNAs, and proteins associated with GDM and its transition to postpartum diabetes, with a focus on their predictive value in screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201400, China
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to determine the effect of serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and fT3/fT4 ratio on the gestational diabetes. METHODS This multicenter study was conducted by analyzing retrospectively 495 pregnant women who admitted to the Tepecik training and Research Hospital, and Kocaeli Derince training and Research Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. Seventy-eight pregnant women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and 82 pregnant women without GDM diagnosis were included in the study. The relationship between thyroid markers (TSH, fT3, fT4 and fT3/fT4) and gestational diabetes was determined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Advanced age, low fT4 and high TSH levels were higher in GDM group, p < .05. Results of the logistic regression analysis revealed that the gestational week (OR 20.291, 95% CI 3.132-131-449, p = .002], fasting plasma glucose (OR 48,551, 95% CI 9.223-255.582, p < .001), HbA1c (OR 13,671, 95%CI 2.977-62.781, p =.001) and fT3/fT4 (OR 29.934, 95% CI 3.558-251836, p = .002) were the risk factors of GDM. DISCUSSION Advanced gestational week, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and fT3/fT4 ratio are among the risk factors for the development of the gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Demiral Sezer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Omercan Topaloglu
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
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15
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Maternal and Fetal Metabolites in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050383. [PMID: 35629887 PMCID: PMC9143359 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health issue of our century due to its increasing prevalence, affecting 5% to 20% of all pregnancies. The pathogenesis of GDM has not been completely elucidated to date. Increasing evidence suggests the association of environmental factors with genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of GDM. So far, several metabolomics studies have investigated metabolic disruptions associated with GDM. The aim of this review is to highlight the usefulness of maternal metabolites as diagnosis markers of GDM as well as the importance of both maternal and fetal metabolites as prognosis biomarkers for GDM and GDM’s transition to type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM.
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17
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Zhai L, Wu J, Lam YY, Kwan HY, Bian ZX, Wong HLX. Gut-Microbial Metabolites, Probiotics and Their Roles in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312846. [PMID: 34884651 PMCID: PMC8658018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide prevalent metabolic disorder defined by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion. Understanding the mechanism of insulin action is of great importance to the continuing development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of T2D. Disturbances of gut microbiota have been widely found in T2D patients and contribute to the development of IR. In the present article, we reviewed the pathological role of gut microbial metabolites including gaseous products, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) products, aromatic amino acids (AAAs) products, bile acids (BA) products, choline products and bacterial toxins in regulating insulin sensitivity in T2D. Following that, we summarized probiotics-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of T2D with a focus on modulating gut microbiota in both animal and human studies. These results indicate that gut-microbial metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of T2D and supplementation of probiotics could be beneficial to alleviate IR in T2D via modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Zhai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Limited, Hong Kong Baptist University, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Jiayan Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Yan Y. Lam
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Limited, Hong Kong Baptist University, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Limited, Hong Kong Baptist University, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.B.); (H.L.X.W.)
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (L.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.B.); (H.L.X.W.)
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18
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Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a heterogeneous group of hyperglycemic metabolic disorders that are associated with health outcomes for mothers and offspring. Currently, diagnosis of GDM is based on repetitive measurement of increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or upon results showing increased postprandial plasma glucose (PPG). Recently, it was discovered that the changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Therefore, in this study, relevant products of gut bacteria, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and their derivatives were evaluated together with baseline body composition characteristics and common biochemical parameters in women with three different phenotypes of GDM, healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women. Plasma SCFA and their derivatives were derivatized, separated on reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detected by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OH-BA), 4-methylvalerate (4-MVA) and isovalerate (IVA), together with selected parameters associated with baseline body composition characteristics and biochemistry, were evaluated as statistically significant. 3-OH-BA, which was increased in all three groups of women with different phenotypes of GDM, reflects a ketogenic state of GDM. In all groups of pregnant women, elevated/suppressed concentrations of 4-MVA/IVA were found. These findings show the importance of monitoring SCFA and other parameters besides glucose in women with GDM.
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19
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Supruniuk E, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Branched chain amino acids-friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2559-2597. [PMID: 34542351 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1977910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and their derivatives are bioactive molecules with pleiotropic functions in the human body. Elevated fasting blood BCAA concentrations are considered as a metabolic hallmark of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, since increased BCAA amount is observed both in metabolically healthy and obese subjects, a question whether BCAA are mechanistic drivers of insulin resistance and its morbidities or only markers of metabolic dysregulation, still remains open. The beneficial effects of BCAA on body weight and composition, aerobic capacity, insulin secretion and sensitivity demand high catabolic potential toward amino acids and/or adequate BCAA intake. On the opposite, BCAA-related inhibition of lipogenesis and lipolysis enhancement may preclude impairment in insulin sensitivity. Thereby, the following review addresses various strategies pertaining to the modulation of BCAA catabolism and the possible roles of BCAA in energy homeostasis. We also aim to elucidate mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of ramifications associated with BCAA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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20
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Lu W, Luo M, Fang X, Zhang R, Li S, Tang M, Yu X, Hu C. Discovery of metabolic biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:79. [PMID: 34419103 PMCID: PMC8379750 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common pregnancy complications, can lead to morbidity and mortality in both the mother and the infant. Metabolomics has provided new insights into the pathology of GDM and systemic analysis of GDM with metabolites is required for providing more clues for GDM diagnosis and mechanism research. This study aims to reveal metabolic differences between normal pregnant women and GDM patients in the second- and third-trimester stages and to confirm the clinical relevance of these new findings. Methods Metabolites were quantitated with the serum samples of 200 healthy pregnant women and 200 GDM women in the second trimester, 199 normal controls, and 199 GDM patients in the third trimester. Both function and pathway analyses were applied to explore biological roles involved in the two sets of metabolites. Then the trimester stage-specific GDM metabolite biomarkers were identified by combining machine learning approaches, and the logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate predictive efficiency. Finally, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis method was used to further capture the associations between metabolite modules with biomarkers and clinical indices. Results This study revealed that 57 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were discovered in the second-trimester group, among which the most significant one was 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid. Similarly, 72 DEMs were found in the third-trimester group, and the most significant metabolites were ketoleucine and alpha-ketoisovaleric acid. These DEMs were mainly involved in the metabolism pathway of amino acids, fatty acids and bile acids. The logistic regression models for selected metabolite biomarkers achieved the area under the curve values of 0.807 and 0.81 for the second- and third-trimester groups. Furthermore, significant associations were found between DEMs/biomarkers and GDM-related indices. Conclusions Metabolic differences between healthy pregnant women and GDM patients were found. Associations between biomarkers and clinical indices were also investigated, which may provide insights into pathology of GDM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00606-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Lu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjuan Luo
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangnan Fang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyang Tang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangtian Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheng Hu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to the Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Wang QY, You LH, Xiang LL, Zhu YT, Zeng Y. Current progress in metabolomics of gestational diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1164-1186. [PMID: 34512885 PMCID: PMC8394228 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of pregnancy and can cause short- and long-term adverse effects in both pregnant women and their offspring. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of GDM are still unclear. As a metabolic disease, GDM is well suited to metabolomics study, which can monitor the changes in small molecular metabolites induced by maternal stimuli or perturbations in real time. The application of metabolomics in GDM can be used to discover diagnostic biomarkers, evaluate the prognosis of the disease, guide the application of diet or drugs, evaluate the curative effect, and explore the mechanism. This review provides comprehensive documentation of metabolomics research methods and techniques as well as the current progress in GDM research. We anticipate that the review will contribute to identifying gaps in the current knowledge or metabolomics technology, provide evidence-based information, and inform future research directions in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yi Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang-Hui You
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lan-Lan Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Tian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 21000, Jiangsu Province, China
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22
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Mann G, Mora S, Madu G, Adegoke OAJ. Branched-chain Amino Acids: Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Implications for Muscle and Whole-body Metabolism. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702826. [PMID: 34354601 PMCID: PMC8329528 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are critical for skeletal muscle and whole-body anabolism and energy homeostasis. They also serve as signaling molecules, for example, being able to activate mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). This has implication for macronutrient metabolism. However, elevated circulating levels of BCAAs and of their ketoacids as well as impaired catabolism of these amino acids (AAs) are implicated in the development of insulin resistance and its sequelae, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and of some cancers, although other studies indicate supplements of these AAs may help in the management of some chronic diseases. Here, we first reviewed the catabolism of these AAs especially in skeletal muscle as this tissue contributes the most to whole body disposal of the BCAA. We then reviewed emerging mechanisms of control of enzymes involved in regulating BCAA catabolism. Such mechanisms include regulation of their abundance by microRNA and by post translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. We also reviewed implications of impaired metabolism of BCAA for muscle and whole-body metabolism. We comment on outstanding questions in the regulation of catabolism of these AAs, including regulation of the abundance and post-transcriptional/post-translational modification of enzymes that regulate BCAA catabolism, as well the impact of circadian rhythm, age and mTORC1 on these enzymes. Answers to such questions may facilitate emergence of treatment/management options that can help patients suffering from chronic diseases linked to impaired metabolism of the BCAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olasunkanmi A. J. Adegoke
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cao VT, Lea RA, Sutherland HG, Benton MC, Pishva RS, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR. A genome-wide methylation study of body fat traits in the Norfolk Island isolate. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1556-1563. [PMID: 33810959 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Natural variation in body fat is explained by both genetic and environmental effects. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation can mediate these effects causing changes in gene expression leading to onset of obesity. Studies of genetic isolates have the potential to provide new epigenetic insights with advantages such as reduced genetic diversity and environmental exposures. METHODS AND RESULTS This was an exploratory study of genome-wide DNA methylation in relation to body fat traits in 47 healthy adults from the genetic isolate of Norfolk Island. Quantitative body fat traits (body fat percentage, body mass index, hip circumference, waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio and weight) were carefully measured. DNA methylation data was obtained from peripheral blood using Illumina 450K arrays. Multi-trait analysis was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). CpG by trait association testing was performed using stepwise linear regressions. Two components were identified that explained approximately 89% of the phenotypic variance. In total, 5 differential methylated positions (DMPs) were identified at genome-wide significance (P≤ 2.4 × 10-7), which mapped to GOT2-CDH8, LYSMD3, HIBADH, ADGRD1 and EBF4 genes. Gene set enrichment analysis of 848 genes containing suggestive DMPs (P≤ 1.0 × 10-4) implicated the Cadherin (28 genes, Padj = 6.76 × 10-7) and Wnt signaling pathways (38 genes, Padj = 7.78 × 10-6). CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the epigenetically influenced genes and pathways underlying body fat variation in a healthy cohort and provides targets for consideration in future studies of obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T Cao
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Miles C Benton
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Kenepuru, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Reza S Pishva
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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Bjune MS, Lindquist C, Hallvardsdotter Stafsnes M, Bjørndal B, Bruheim P, Aloysius TA, Nygård O, Skorve J, Madsen L, Dankel SN, Berge RK. Plasma 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) are markers of hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in male Wistar rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158887. [PMID: 33454435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Discovery of specific markers that reflect altered hepatic fatty acid oxidation could help to detect an individual's risk of fatty liver, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease at an early stage. Lipid and protein metabolism are intimately linked, but our understanding of this crosstalk remains limited. METHODS In male Wistar rats, we used synthetic fatty acid analogues (3-thia fatty acids) as a tool to induce hepatic fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis, to gain new insight into the link between fatty acid oxidation, amino acid metabolism and TCA cycle-related intermediate metabolites in liver and plasma. RESULTS Rats treated with 3-thia fatty acids had 3-fold higher hepatic, but not adipose and skeletal muscle, expression of the thioesterase 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (Hibch), which controls the formation of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB) in the valine degradation pathway. Consequently, 3-thia fatty acid-stimulated hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis was accompanied by decreased plasma 3-HIB and increased methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations further downstream in BCAA catabolism. The higher plasma MMA corresponded to higher MMA-CoA hydrolase activity and hepatic expression of GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthase (Suclg2) and succinate dehydrogenase (Sdhb), and lower MMA-CoA mutase activity. Plasma 3-HIB correlated positively to plasma and hepatic concentrations of TAG, plasma total fatty acids, plasma NEFA and insulin/glucose ratio, while the reverse correlations were seen for MMA. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insight into TCA cycle-related metabolic changes associated with altered hepatic fatty acid flux, and identifies 3-HIB and MMA as novel circulating markers reflective of mitochondrial β-oxidation in male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carine Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marit Hallvardsdotter Stafsnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas A Aloysius
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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25
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Mann G, Adegoke OAJ. Effects of ketoisocaproic acid and inflammation on glucose transport in muscle cells. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14673. [PMID: 33400857 PMCID: PMC7785050 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are regulators of protein metabolism. However, elevated levels of BCAAs and their metabolites are linked to insulin resistance. We previously demonstrated that the leucine metabolite, α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose transport in myotubes. Like KIC, inflammatory factors are implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Here, we analyzed the effect of KIC and inflammatory factors (homocysteine [50 μM], TNF-α [10 ng/ml], and interleukin 6 (IL-6) [10 ng/ml]) on myotubes. Although KIC suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose transport, addition of the inflammatory factors did not worsen this effect. Depletion of branched-chain aminotransferase 2, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of leucine into KIC, abrogated the effect of KIC and the inflammatory factors. The effect of insulin on AKTS473 and S6K1T389 phosphorylation was not modified by treatments. There were no treatment effects on glycogen synthase phosphorylation. Depletion of E1α subunit of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of KIC, suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose transport, especially in cells incubated in KIC. Thus, defects in BCAA catabolism are contributory to insulin resistance of glucose transport in myotubes, especially in the presence of KIC. Interventions that increase BCAA catabolism may promote muscle glucose utilization and improve insulin resistance and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Mann
- Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
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26
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Long J, Yang Z, Wang L, Han Y, Peng C, Yan C, Yan D. Metabolite biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:174. [PMID: 33228610 PMCID: PMC7685632 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore metabolite biomarkers that could be used to identify pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Four databases, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus were selected. A random effect model and a fixed effect model were applied to the results of forest plot analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each metabolite. The SMD for every metabolite was then converted into an odds ratio to create an metabolite biomarker profile. RESULTS Twenty-four independent studies reported data from 14,131 healthy individuals and 3499 patients with T2DM, and 14 included studies reported 4844 healthy controls and a total of 2139 pre-diabetes patients. In the serum and plasma of patients with T2DM, compared with the healthy participants, the concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tyrosine, lysine and glutamate were higher and that of glycine was lower. The concentrations of isoleucine, alanine, proline, glutamate, palmitic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid and lysine were higher and those of glycine, serine, and citrulline were lower in prediabetic patients. Metabolite biomarkers of T2DM and pre-diabetes revealed that the levels of alanine, glutamate and palmitic acid (C16:0) were significantly different in T2DM and pre-diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Quantified multiple metabolite biomarkers may reflect the different status of pre-diabetes and T2DM, and could provide an important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of pre-diabetes and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglan Long
- Beijing Key Laboratory and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yumei Han
- Beijing Physical Examination Center, Beijing, 100077, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Can Yan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Papada E, Amerikanou C, Gioxari A, Kalogeropoulos N, Kaliora AC. The Association of Plasma-Free Branched-Chain Amino Acids with Disease Related Parameters in Ulcerative Colitis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E798. [PMID: 33049977 PMCID: PMC7600496 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are involved in immune system's metabolic pathways and play fundamental role in gut health. Our aim was to assess BCAA plasma levels in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and associations of plasma BCAAs with disease-related parameters. This was a case-control study in adult patients with UC and BMI-matched controls. A total of 150 volunteers were screened between May 2016 and June 2017; 43 patients and 34 healthy controls were enrolled. Medical and dietary history (3 × 24 h recalls, MedDiet score), anthropometric measurements, blood and fecal samples were collected. We measured BCAAs in plasma with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In patients, fecal calprotectin, lactoferrin, lysozyme and defensin were quantified. Dietary pattern was similar in patients and controls. Plasma-free BCAA profiles did not differ between groups. Regression analysis showed that i) valine was inversely associated with calprotectin (p = 0.007) and ii) isoleucine with age (p = 0.031), after adjusting for age, sex, PMS and smoking. Leucine was negatively associated with age (p = 0.015) after adjusting for age, sex and PMS, but this association vanished when smoking was introduced. No correlation was observed between total BCAAs with any of the parameters. Plasma-free valine is negatively associated with calprotectin in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andriana C. Kaliora
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17671 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (C.A.); (A.G.); (N.K.)
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28
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Tu C, Wang L, Tao H, Gu L, Zhu S, Chen X. Expression of miR-409-5p in gestational diabetes mellitus and its relationship with insulin resistance. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3324-3329. [PMID: 32855704 PMCID: PMC7444361 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of miR-409-5p in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its relationship with insulin resistance were explore. One hundred and forty-nine pregnant women who underwent antenatal examination in Taizhou First People's Hospital were divided into a GDM group and a control group according to whether they had GDM or not. Serum miR-409-5p expression of the two groups was detected, and the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and other GDM-related biochemical indicators were measured. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined by glucose oxidase method, fasting insulin (FINS) was detected by radioimmunoassay, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The relationship between miR-409-5p and other biochemical indicators and insulin resistance was analyzed, and logistic multivariate regression was employed to analyze the risk factors of GDM. miR-409-5p was highly expressed in the serum of GDM patients. HbAlc, FPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in pregnant women in the GDM group were markedly higher than those in the control group. The serum miR-409-5p in GDM pregnant women showed a positive correlation with HbAlc, FPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR (P<0.05). The insulin resistance group presented remarkably higher serum miR-409-5p level than the non-insulin resistance group. Moreover, it was found that elevated miR-409-5p, FINS, and HOMA-IR were all independent risk factors for the onset of GDM. miR-409-5p is highly expressed in the serum of patients with GDM, and it is positively correlated with insulin resistance index of GDM patients, which may be a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfa Tu
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Lingjia Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
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Nilsen MS, Jersin RÅ, Ulvik A, Madsen A, McCann A, Svensson PA, Svensson MK, Nedrebø BG, Gudbrandsen OA, Tell GS, Kahn CR, Ueland PM, Mellgren G, Dankel SN. 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate, A Strong Marker of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity That Modulates White and Brown Adipocyte Metabolism. Diabetes 2020; 69:1903-1916. [PMID: 32586980 PMCID: PMC7968520 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) associate with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB) is a catabolic intermediate of the BCAA valine. In this study, we show that in a cohort of 4,942 men and women, circulating 3-HIB is elevated according to levels of hyperglycemia and established type 2 diabetes. In complementary cohorts with measures of insulin resistance, we found positive correlates for circulating 3-HIB concentrations with HOMA2 of insulin resistance, as well as a transient increase in 3-HIB followed by a marked decrease after bariatric surgery and weight loss. During differentiation, both white and brown adipocytes upregulate BCAA utilization and release increasing amounts of 3-HIB. Knockdown of the 3-HIB-forming enzyme 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase decreases release of 3-HIB and lipid accumulation in both cell types. Conversely, addition of 3-HIB to white and brown adipocyte cultures increases fatty acid uptake and modulated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in a time-dependent manner. Finally, 3-HIB treatment decreases mitochondrial oxygen consumption and generation of reactive oxygen species in white adipocytes, while increasing these measures in brown adipocytes. Our data establish 3-HIB as a novel adipocyte-derived regulator of adipocyte subtype-specific functions strongly linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Nilsen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Regine Å Jersin
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - André Madsen
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Svensson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bjørn G Nedrebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | | | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - C R Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Mokkala K, Vahlberg T, Houttu N, Koivuniemi E, Laitinen K. Distinct Metabolomic Profile Because of Gestational Diabetes and its Treatment Mode in Women with Overweight and Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1637-1644. [PMID: 32705820 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether the presence of gestational diabetes (GDM) and its treatment mode influence the serum metabolic profile in women with overweight or obesity was studied. METHODS The serum metabolic profiles of 352 women with overweight or obesity participating in a mother-infant clinical study were analyzed with a targeted NMR approach (at 35.1 median gestational weeks). GDM was diagnosed with a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS The metabolomic profile of the women with GDM (n = 100) deviated from that of women without GDM (n = 252). Differences were seen in 70 lipid variables, particularly higher concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein particles and serum triglycerides were related to GDM. Furthermore, levels of branched-chain amino acids and glycoprotein acetylation, a marker of low-grade inflammation, were higher in women with GDM. Compared with women with GDM treated with diet only, the women treated with medication (n = 19) had higher concentrations of severalizes of VLDL particles and their components, leucine, and isoleucine, as well as glycoprotein acetylation. CONCLUSIONS A clearly distinct metabolic profile was detected in GDM, which deviated even more if the patient was receiving medical treatment. This suggests a need for more intense follow-up and therapy for women with GDM during pregnancy and postpartum to reduce their long-term adverse health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Mokkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ella Koivuniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Zhang C, Dong L, Wu J, Qiao S, Xu W, Ma S, Zhao B, Wang X. Intervention of resistant starch 3 on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its mechanism based on urine metabonomics by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110350. [PMID: 32521455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a severe metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has aroused increasing public attentions. Resistant starch 3 (RS3), as a starch resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis owing to its special structure, has a good effect on improving insulin resistance and reducing blood sugar in T2DM patients. However, the possible mechanisms were barely interpreted yet. In our research, we aimed to evaluate the effects and the possible mechanisms of RS3 on the treatment of T2DM. ICR mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, and then injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (100 mg/kg) to establish the T2DM. We choose the mice with the fast blood glucose (FBG) more than 11 mmol/L as T2DM. After treated for 11 weeks the relevant data was analyzed. According to the results, the FBG was dramatically reduced (p < 0.05), which also downregulated triglyceride (p < 0.01) and total cholesterol (p < 0.01). Additionally, the insulin resistance indexes were significantly reduced (p < 0.01), the homeostasis model assessment-β and insulin-sensitive index were significantly improved (p < 0.01) in RS3 group. Meanwhile, the metabolic profiles of urine were analyzed and 29 potential biomarkers were screened out, including amino acids and lipids. In conclusion, we speculated that the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism played roles in the therapeutic mechanisms of RS3 on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Sanyang Qiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xueyong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Quesada-Vázquez S, Mariné-Casadó R, Gil Cardoso K, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Escoté X, Baselga-Escudero L. Detection of Early Disease Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A New Era with the NMR Metabolomics Assessment. Nutrients 2020; 12:E806. [PMID: 32197513 PMCID: PMC7146483 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease developed due to accumulation and chronification of several risk factors associated with disrupted metabolism. The early detection of the biomarkers by NMR spectroscopy could be helpful to prevent multifactorial diseases. The exposure of each risk factor can be detected by traditional molecular markers but the current biomarkers have not been enough precise to detect the primary stages of disease. Thus, there is a need to obtain novel molecular markers of pre-disease stages. A promising source of new molecular markers are metabolomics standing out the research of biomarkers in NMR approaches. An increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study design, making nutrimetabolomics one of the most promising avenues for improving personalized nutrition. This review highlight the major five risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and related diseases including carbohydrate dysfunction, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, it is proposed a profile of metabolites of each risk factor obtained from NMR approaches to target them using personalized nutrition, which will improve the quality of life for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Sergio Quesada-Vázquez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ctra. De Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil Cardoso
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ctra. De Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (S.Q.-V.); (R.M.-C.); (K.G.C.); (A.C.); (J.M.D.B.)
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Dong L, Han L, Duan T, Lin S, Li J, Liu X. Integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis reveals novel associations between fecal microbiota and hyperglycemia-related changes of plasma metabolome in gestational diabetes mellitus. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2027-2036. [PMID: 35494569 PMCID: PMC9048209 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07799e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with circulating metabolic disorders and alterations in gut microbiota, respectively. Although changes in gut microbiota contribute to metabolic diseases, the connections between gut microbiota and the circulating metabolic state in GDM remain largely undetermined. To investigate the associations between gut microbiota and the circulating metabolome of GDM, we enrolled 40 pregnant women (20 with GDM and 20 non-diabetic control), and performed multi-omics association (MOA) study on 16s rRNA sequencing of fecal microbiota and 1H-NMR profiling of the plasma metabolome. The results suggested that both fecal microbiota and the plasma metabolome of the enrolled pregnant women could be separated along the vector of hyperglycemia. A close correlation between fecal microbiota and the plasma metabolome of GDM was observed by MOA approaches. Redundancy Analysis identified five plasma metabolites (glycerol, lactic acid, proline, galactitol and methylmalonic acid) and 98 members of fecal microbiota contributing to the close correlation between the plasma metabolome and fecal microbiota. Further spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that four out of five of the identified plasma metabolites (except galactitol) were correlated with hyperglycemia. Co-occurring network analysis suggested that 15 out of 98 of the members of fecal microbiota were positively correlated with each other, forming a co-occurring cohort (mainly consisted of the phylum Firmicutes). The results of this study demonstrated that alterations in fecal microbiota were associated with hyperglycemia related changes of the plasma metabolome of women with GDM, suggesting novel therapies against gut microbiota to alleviate GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University 277, Yanta West Road Xi'an 710061 PR China +86-133-89243815 +86-130-72963739 +86-133-89243815 +86-130-72963739.,Central Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases Taiyuan 030012 PR China
| | - Lingna Han
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College 046000 PR China
| | - Tao Duan
- Quwo County People's Hospital Linfen 043000 PR China
| | - Shumei Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University 277, Yanta West Road Xi'an 710061 PR China +86-133-89243815 +86-130-72963739 +86-133-89243815 +86-130-72963739
| | - Jianguo Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University No. 92, Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District Taiyuan 030006 Shanxi PR China +86-351-7018958 +86-351-7018958
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University 277, Yanta West Road Xi'an 710061 PR China +86-133-89243815 +86-130-72963739 +86-133-89243815 +86-130-72963739
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Jin S, Sha L, Dong J, Yi J, Liu Y, Guo Z, Hu B. Effects of Nutritional Strategies on Glucose Homeostasis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6062478. [PMID: 32185236 PMCID: PMC7060856 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6062478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and nutritional therapy is the basis of GDM treatment. However, the effects of different forms of nutritional supplementation on improving gestational diabetes are uncertain. OBJECTIVE We conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of supplementation with different nutrients on glucose metabolism in women with GDM. METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the differences between different nutritional strategies in women with GDM. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were used to compare and rank the effects of nutritional strategies for the improvement of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We included thirteen RCTs with a total of 754 participants. Compared with placebo, omega-3, magnesium, vitamin D, zinc, and probiotics were more beneficial for improving FPG, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. Network analysis showed that vitamin D supplementation was superior to omega-3 (-3.64 mg/dL, 95% CI: -5.77 to -1.51), zinc (-5.71 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.19 to -1.23), probiotics (-6.76 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.02 to -3.50), and placebo (-12.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: -14.55 to -9.70) for improving FPG. Magnesium supplementation was more beneficial for decreasing serum insulin compared with probiotics (-5.10 μIU/mL, 95% CI: -9.32 to -0.88) and placebo (-7.80 μIU/mL, 95% CI: -9.32 to -0.88) and placebo (-7.80 . CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced FPG and regulated HOMA-IR. Magnesium supplementation was superior in decreasing serum insulin than supplementation with other nutrients. Nutrient supplementation seemed to have an effect on glucose homeostasis maintenance in patients with GDM and may be considered an adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Jin
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Liyan Sha
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of International Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Zhongxian Guo
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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Zhao L, Wang M, Li J, Bi Y, Li M, Yang J. Association of Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 17:e85413. [PMID: 31497040 PMCID: PMC6679587 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.85413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Recently, the relationship between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has attracted worldwide attention. However, the results related to plasma BCAAs concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) lack statistical power due to the small sample size of a single article. OBJECTIVES This study quantitatively summarized current observational studies to evaluate the association between plasma BCAAs concentration levels and GDM. METHODS A systematic search was performed to select eligible publications using PubMed and EMBASE databases until July 23, 2018. The references of relevant articles were also manually searched. The quality evaluation of included studies was according to the guidelines of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0 software. In total, seven articles (including eight studies) involving 432 subjects were included. RESULTS The results showed that all three-individual plasma BCAAs concentration levels in the GDM group were higher than those in the control group (leucine: SMD = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.70 - 5.82, P (SMD) < 0.001; isoleucine: SMD = 3.15, 95% CI: 1.42 - 4.87, P (SMD) < 0.001; valine: SMD = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.21 - 4.32, P (SMD) = 0.001), and the differences were statistically significant. In addition, subgroup analysis indicated that age, body mass index (BMI), publication year, and ethnicity were positively associated with plasma BCAAs concentrations in GDM. CONCLUSIONS Plasma BCAAs, as potential biomarkers, might be associated with GDM risk, which provides useful information for the prevention and early diagnosis of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Ye Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minglong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Corresponding Author: Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- The Second Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, China
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Echeverria C, Eltit F, Santibanez JF, Gatica S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Simon F. Endothelial dysfunction in pregnancy metabolic disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165414. [PMID: 30794867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the vascular endothelium has gained attention as a key player in the initiation and development of pregnancy disorders. Endothelium acts as an endocrine organ that preserves the homeostatic balance by responding to changes in metabolic status. However, in metabolic disorders, endothelial cells adopt a dysfunctional function, losing their normal responsiveness. During pregnancy, several metabolic changes occur, in which endothelial function decisively participates. Similarly, when pregnancy metabolic disorders occur, endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in pathogenesis. This review outlines the main findings regarding endothelial dysfunction in three main metabolic pathological conditions observed during pregnancy: gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and obesity and hyperlipidemia. Organ, histological and cellular characteristics were thoroughly described. Also, we focused in discussing the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular signaling pathways that mediate responses in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Echeverria
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, 1531772 Copiapo, Chile
| | - Felipe Eltit
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Gatica
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, 8331150 Santiago, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, 8331150 Santiago, Chile.
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Andersson-Hall U, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS, Holmäng A. Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111629. [PMID: 30400149 PMCID: PMC6266712 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D). We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT) and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 women were grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT test results. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intake determined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared with IGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independently of BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucose levels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT, and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes, low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences in other FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid are of particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAs regulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nils-Gunnar Carlsson
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Svensson H, Wetterling L, Andersson-Hall U, Jennische E, Edén S, Holmäng A, Lönn M. Adipose tissue and body composition in women six years after gestational diabetes: factors associated with development of type 2 diabetes. Adipocyte 2018; 7:229-237. [PMID: 30246599 PMCID: PMC6768253 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1521230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors differentiating women at highest risk of progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are incompletely known. Our aim was to characterize adipose tissue and body composition in relation to glucose metabolism in women with a history of GDM and to identify factors associated with development of T2DM. We examined glucose tolerance (OGTT), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), body composition (anthropometry, air displacement plethysmography), and blood chemistry in 39 women 6 years after GDM. An adipose tissue biopsy was obtained to assess the size, number, and lipolytic activity of adipocytes, and adipokine release and density of immune cells and blood vessels in adipose tissue. Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was identified in 31 women and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) in 8. Women with IGM had higher BMI/fat mass, and related expected adipose tissue features, than women with NGT. Ethnicity was similar in the groups, but numerically there was a higher proportion of European women in the NGT group and a higher proportion of non-European women in the IGM group. BMI was the best discriminator of NGT versus IGM (multivariable logistic regression: OR = 1.34, P < 0.01). Waist-to-height ratio and adipocyte volume were most strongly associated with HOMA-IR (multivariable linear regression: R2 = 0.656, P < 0.001). After adjustment for BMI/ethnicity, women with IGM had increased serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, weight gain after index pregnancy, and a lower proportion of fat-free mass. These factors, together with high BMI, abdominal fat distribution, and enlarged adipocytes, may increase the risk of progression to T2DM after GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Svensson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Wetterling
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Jennische
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Edén
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Lönn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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