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Musgrove L, Bhojwani A, Hyde C, Glendinning S, Nocillado J, Russell FD, Ventura T. Transcriptomic Analysis across Crayfish ( Cherax quadricarinatus) Claw Regeneration Reveals Potential Stem Cell Sources for Cultivated Crustacean Meat. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8623. [PMID: 39201309 PMCID: PMC11354258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the face of rising global demand and unsustainable production methods, cultivated crustacean meat (CCM) is proposed as an alternative means to produce delicious lobster, shrimp, and crab products. Cultivated meat requires starting stem cells that may vary in terms of potency and the propensity to proliferate or differentiate into myogenic (muscle-related) tissues. Recognizing that regenerating limbs are a non-lethal source of tissue and may harbor relevant stem cells, we selected those of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus as our model. To investigate stem cell activity, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis across six stages of claw regeneration (four pre-molt and two post-molt stages), along with histology and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our results showed that while genes related to energy production, muscle hypertrophy, and exoskeletal cuticle synthesis dominated the post-molt stages, growth factor receptors (FGFR, EGFR, TGFR, and BMPR) and those related to stem cell proliferation and potency (Cyclins, CDKs, Wnts, C-Myc, Klf4, Sox2, PCNA, and p53) were upregulated before the molt. Pre-molt upregulation in several genes occurred in two growth peaks; Stages 2 and 4. We therefore propose that pre-molt limb regeneration tissues, particularly those in the larger Stage 4, present a prolific and non-lethal source of stem cells for CCM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Musgrove
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (L.M.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Avani Bhojwani
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (L.M.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Cameron Hyde
- Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation (QCIF) Ltd., The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Susan Glendinning
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (L.M.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Josephine Nocillado
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (L.M.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Fraser D. Russell
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (L.M.)
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (L.M.)
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
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Musgrove L, Russell FD, Ventura T. Considerations for cultivated crustacean meat: potential cell sources, potential differentiation and immortalization strategies, and lessons from crustacean and other animal models. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38733287 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2342480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated crustacean meat (CCM) is a means to create highly valued shrimp, lobster, and crab products directly from stem cells, thus removing the need to farm or fish live animals. Conventional crustacean enterprises face increasing pressures in managing overfishing, pollution, and the warming climate, so CCM may provide a way to ensure sufficient supply as global demand for these products grows. To support the development of CCM, this review briefly details crustacean cell culture work to date, before addressing what is presently known about crustacean muscle development, particularly the molecular mechanisms involved, and how this might relate to recent work on cultivated meat production in vertebrate species. Recognizing the current lack of cell lines available to establish CCM cultures, we also consider primary stem cell sources that can be obtained non-lethally including tissues from limbs which are readily released and regrown, and putative stem cells in circulating hemolymph. Molecular approaches to inducing myogenic differentiation and immortalization of putative stem cells are also reviewed. Finally, we assess the current status of tools available to CCM researchers, particularly antibodies, and propose avenues to address existing shortfalls in order to see the field progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Musgrove
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Fraser D Russell
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast (UniSC), Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
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3
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Martins B, Bister A, Dohmen RGJ, Gouveia MA, Hueber R, Melzener L, Messmer T, Papadopoulos J, Pimenta J, Raina D, Schaeken L, Shirley S, Bouchet BP, Flack JE. Advances and Challenges in Cell Biology for Cultured Meat. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2024; 12:345-368. [PMID: 37963400 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-055132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultured meat is an emerging biotechnology that aims to produce meat from animal cell culture, rather than from the raising and slaughtering of livestock, on environmental and animal welfare grounds. The detailed understanding and accurate manipulation of cell biology are critical to the design of cultured meat bioprocesses. Recent years have seen significant interest in this field, with numerous scientific and commercial breakthroughs. Nevertheless, these technologies remain at a nascent stage, and myriad challenges remain, spanning the entire bioprocess. From a cell biological perspective, these include the identification of suitable starting cell types, tuning of proliferation and differentiation conditions, and optimization of cell-biomaterial interactions to create nutritious, enticing foods. Here, we discuss the key advances and outstanding challenges in cultured meat, with a particular focus on cell biology, and argue that solving the remaining bottlenecks in a cost-effective, scalable fashion will require coordinated, concerted scientific efforts. Success will also require solutions to nonscientific challenges, including regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, and market feasibility. However, if these can be overcome, cultured meat technologies can revolutionize our approach to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martins
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Arthur Bister
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Richard G J Dohmen
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Ana Gouveia
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Rui Hueber
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Lea Melzener
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Messmer
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Papadopoulos
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Joana Pimenta
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Dhruv Raina
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Lieke Schaeken
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Sara Shirley
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
| | - Benjamin P Bouchet
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Joshua E Flack
- Mosa Meat B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands; , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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Xue Y, Li J, Jiang T, Han Q, Jing Y, Bai S, Yan X. Biomimetic Conductive Hydrogel Scaffolds with Anisotropy and Electrical Stimulation for In Vivo Skeletal Muscle Reconstruction. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302180. [PMID: 37985965 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the hydrogel scaffold mimicking extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in tissue engineering like skeletal muscle repair. Herein, an anisotropic and conductive hydrogel scaffold is fabricated using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) as the matrix hydrogel and silver nanowire (AgNW) as the conductive dopant, through a directional freezing technique for muscle defect repair. The scaffold has an anisotropic structure composed of a directional longitudinal section and a honeycomb cross-section, with high mechanical strength of 10.5 kPa and excellent conductivity of 0.26 S m-1 . These properties are similar to native muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) and allow for cell orientation under the guidance of contact cues and electrical stimulation synergistically. In vitro experiments show that the scaffold's oriented structure combined with electrical stimulation results in enhanced myotube formation, with a length of up to 863 µm and an orientation rate of 81%. Furthermore, the electrically stimulated scaffold displays a promoted muscle reconstruction ability when transplanted into rats with muscle defects, achieving a muscle mass and strength restoration ratio of 95% and 99%, respectively, compared to normal levels. These findings suggest that the scaffold has great potential in muscle repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jieling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tianhe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qingquan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yafeng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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To KV, Comer CC, O’Keefe SF, Lahne J. A taste of cell-cultured meat: a scoping review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1332765. [PMID: 38321991 PMCID: PMC10844533 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1332765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-cultured meat (CM) is a novel meat product grown in vitro from animal cells, widely framed as equivalent to conventional meat but presented as produced in a more sustainable way. Despite its limited availability for human consumption, consumer acceptance of CM (e.g., willingness to purchase and consume) has been extensively investigated. A key but under-investigated assumption of these studies is that CM's sensory qualities are comparable to conventional, equivalent meat products. Therefore, the current review aims to clarify what is actually known about the sensory characteristics of CM and their potential impact on consumer acceptance. To this end, a structured scoping review of existing, peer-reviewed literature on the sensory evaluation of CM was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Among the included studies (N = 26), only 5 conducted research activities that could be termed "sensory evaluation," with only 4 of those 5 studies evaluating actual CM products in some form. The remaining 21 studies based their conclusions on the sensory characteristics of CM and consequent consumer acceptance to a set of hypothetical CM products and consumption experiences, often with explicitly positive information framing. In addition, many consumer acceptance studies in the literature have the explicit goal to increase the acceptance of CM, with some authors (researchers) acting as direct CM industry affiliates; this may be a source of bias on the level of consumer acceptance toward these products. By separating what is known about CM sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance from what is merely speculated, the current review reported realistic expectations of CM's sensory characteristics within the promissory narratives of CM proponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. V. To
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - C. C. Comer
- University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - S. F. O’Keefe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - J. Lahne
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Naraoka Y, Mabuchi Y, Kiuchi M, Kumagai K, Hisamatsu D, Yoneyama Y, Takebe T, Akazawa C. Quality Control of Stem Cell-Based Cultured Meat According to Specific Differentiation Abilities. Cells 2024; 13:135. [PMID: 38247826 PMCID: PMC10814720 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for stem cell-based cultured meat as an alternative protein source is increasing in response to global food scarcity. However, the definition of quality controls, including appropriate growth factors and cell characteristics, remains incomplete. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 29 is ubiquitously expressed in bovine muscle tissue and is a marker of progenitor cells in cultured meat. However, CD29+ cells are naturally heterogeneous, and this quality control issue must be resolved. In this study, the aim was to identify the subpopulation of the CD29+ cell population with potential utility in cultured meat production. The CD29+ cell population exhibited heterogeneity, discernible through the CD44 and CD344 markers. CD29+CD44-CD344- cells displayed the ability for long-term culture, demonstrating high adipogenic potential and substantial lipid droplet accumulation, even within 3D cultures. Conversely, CD29+CD44+ cells exhibited rapid proliferation but were not viable for prolonged culture. Using cells suitable for adipocyte and muscle differentiation, we successfully designed meat buds, especially those rich in fat. Collectively, the identification and comprehension of distinct cell populations within bovine tissues contribute to quality control predictions in meat production. They also aid in establishing a stable and reliable cultured meat production technique.
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Grants
- JPMJMI18CB Japan Science and Technology Agency
- JP21H03328 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP19K19986 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP22K17699 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- no number Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Naraoka
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Fujita Health University, 1-1-4, Hanedakuko, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-0041, Japan
| | - Mai Kiuchi
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Kyoko Kumagai
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Daisuke Hisamatsu
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.)
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.T.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.N.); (Y.M.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (D.H.)
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Özliseli E, Şanlıdağ S, Süren B, Mahran A, Parikainen M, Sahlgren C, Rosenholm JM. Directing cellular responses in a nanocomposite 3D matrix for tissue regeneration with nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100865. [PMID: 38054034 PMCID: PMC10694759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels play an important role in tissue engineering due to their native extracellular matrix-like characteristics, but they are insufficient in providing the necessary stimuli to support tissue formation. Efforts to integrate bioactive cues directly into hydrogels are hindered by incompatibility with hydrophobic drugs, issues of burst/uncontrolled release, and rapid degradation of the bioactive molecules. Skeletal muscle tissue repair requires internal stimuli and communication between cells for regeneration, and nanocomposite systems offer to improve the therapeutic effects in tissue regeneration. Here, the versatility of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) was leveraged to formulate a nanoparticle-hydrogel composite and to combine the benefits of controlled delivery of bioactive cues and cellular support. The tunable surface characteristics of MSNs were exploited to optimize homogeneity and intracellular drug delivery in a 3D matrix. Nanocomposite hydrogels formulated with acetylated or succinylated MSNs achieved high homogeneity in 3D distribution, with succinylated MSNs being rapidly internalized and acetylated MSNs exhibiting slower cellular uptake. MSN-hydrogel nanocomposites simultaneously allowed efficient local intracellular delivery of a hydrophobic model drug. To further study the efficiency of directing cell response, a Notch signaling inhibitor (DAPT) was incorporated into succinylated MSNs and incorporated into the hydrogel. MSN-hydrogel nanocomposites effectively downregulated the Notch signaling target genes, and accelerated and maintained the expression of myogenic markers. The current findings demonstrate a proof-of-concept in effective surface engineering strategies for MSN-based nanocomposites, suited for hydrophobic drug delivery in tissue regeneration with guided cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Özliseli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Şanlıdağ
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Behice Süren
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Alaa Mahran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Marjaana Parikainen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Uyen NT, Cuong DV, Thuy PD, Son LH, Ngan NT, Quang NH, Tuan ND, Hwang IH. A Comparative Study on the Adipogenic and Myogenic Capacity of Muscle Satellite Cells, and Meat Quality Characteristics between Hanwoo and Vietnamese Yellow Steers. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:563-579. [PMID: 37484005 PMCID: PMC10359837 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis and adipogenesis are the important processes determining the muscle growth and fat accumulation livestock, which ultimately affecting their meat quality. Hanwoo is a popular breed and its meat has been exported to other countries. The objective of this study was to compare the myogenesis and adipogenesis properties in satellite cells, and meat quality between Hanwoo and Vietnamese yellow cattle (VYC). Same 28-months old Hanwoo (body weight: 728±45 kg) and VYC (body weight: 285±36 kg) steers (n=10 per breed) were used. Immediately after slaughter, tissue samples were collected from longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles for satellite cells isolation and assays. After 24 h post-mortem, LL muscles from left carcass sides were collected for meat quality analysis. Under the same in vitro culture condition, the proliferation rate was higher in Hanwoo compared to VYC (p<0.05). Fusion index was almost 3 times greater in Hanwoo (42.17%), compared with VYC (14.93%; p<0.05). The expressions of myogenesis (myogenic factor 5, myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin, and myogenic factor 6)- and adipogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma)-regulating genes, and triglyceride content were higher in Hanwoo, compared with VYC (p<0.05). Hanwoo beef had a higher intramuscular fat and total monounsaturated fatty acids contents than VYC beef (p<0.05). Whilst, VYC meat had a higher CIE a* and total polyunsaturated fatty acids content (p<0.05). Overall, there was a significant difference in the in vitro culture characteristics and genes expression of satellite cells, and meat quality between the Hanwoo and VYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thu Uyen
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Dao Van Cuong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary
Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry,
Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - Pham Dieu Thuy
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary
Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry,
Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - Luu Hong Son
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food
Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and
Forestry, Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ngan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary
Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry,
Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hung Quang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary
Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry,
Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Tuan
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food
Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and
Forestry, Thai Nguyen 24119, Vietnam
| | - In-ho Hwang
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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9
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Takahashi H, Wakayama H, Nagase K, Shimizu T. Engineered Human Muscle Tissue from Multilayered Aligned Myofiber Sheets for Studies of Muscle Physiology and Predicting Drug Response. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2200849. [PMID: 36562139 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical drug testing, human muscle tissue models are critical to understanding the complex physiology, including drug effects in the human body. This study reports that a multilayering approach to cell sheet-based engineering produces an engineered human muscle tissue with sufficient contractile force suitable for measurement. A thermoresponsive micropatterned substrate regulates the biomimetic alignment of myofiber structures enabling the harvest of the aligned myofibers as a single cell sheet. The functional muscle tissue is produced by layering multiple myofiber sheets on a fibrin-based gel. This gel environment promotes myofiber maturation, provides the tissue an elastic platform for contraction, and allows the attachment of a measurement device. Since this multilayering approach is effective in enhancing the contractile ability of the muscle tissue, this muscle tissue generates a significantly high contractile force that can be measured quantitatively. The multilayered muscle tissue shows unidirectional contraction from electrical and chemical stimulation. In addition, their physiological responses to representative drugs can be determined quantitatively in real time by changes in contractile force and fatigue resistance. These physiological properties indicate that the engineered muscle tissue can become a promising tissue model for preclinical in vitro studies in muscle physiology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Haruno Wakayama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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10
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Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Selvaraj S, Perlingeiro RCR. In Vitro Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Myotubes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:129-142. [PMID: 36995592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells have a multitude of potential applications in the areas of disease modeling, drug screening, and cell-based therapies for genetic diseases, including muscular dystrophies. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell technology allows for the facile derivation of disease-specific pluripotent stem cells for any given patient. Targeted in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into the muscle lineage is a key step to enable all these applications. Transgene-based differentiation using conditional expression of the transcription factor PAX7 leads to the efficient derivation of an expandable and homogeneous population of myogenic progenitors suitable for both in vitro and in vivo applications. Here, we describe an optimized protocol for the derivation and expansion of myogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells using conditional expression of PAX7. Importantly, we further describe an optimized procedure for the terminal differentiation of myogenic progenitors into more mature myotubes, which are better suited for in vitro disease modeling and drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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11
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Reilly M, Robertson S, Suzuki M. Sphere-Based Expansion of Myogenic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:159-174. [PMID: 36995594 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The protocol presented here is to derive, maintain, and differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into skeletal muscle progenitor/stem cells (myogenic progenitors) using a sphere-based culture approach. This sphere-based culture is an attractive method for maintaining progenitor cells due to their longevity and the presence of cell-cell interactions and molecules. Large numbers of cells can be expanded in culture using this method, which represents a valuable source for cell-based tissue modeling and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Reilly
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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12
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Xie N, Chan SSK. Producing Engraftable Skeletal Myogenic Progenitors from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Teratoma Formation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:175-189. [PMID: 36995595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Generating engraftable skeletal muscle progenitor cells is a promising cell therapy approach to treating degenerating muscle diseases. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) is an ideal cell source for cell therapy because of its unlimited proliferative capability and potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. Approaches such as ectopic overexpression of myogenic transcription factors and growth factors-directed monolayer differentiation, while able to differentiate PSCs into the skeletal myogenic lineage in vitro, are limited in producing muscle cells that reliably engraft upon transplantation. Here we present a novel method to differentiate mouse PSCs into skeletal myogenic progenitors without genetic modification or monolayer culture. We make use of forming a teratoma, in which skeletal myogenic progenitors can be routinely obtained. We first inject mouse PSCs into the limb muscle of an immuno-compromised mouse. Within 3-4 weeks, α7-integrin+ VCAM-1+ skeletal myogenic progenitors are purified by fluorescent-activated cell sorting. We further transplant these teratoma-derived skeletal myogenic progenitors into dystrophin-deficient mice to assess engraftment efficiency. This teratoma formation strategy is capable of generating skeletal myogenic progenitors with high regenerative potency from PSCs without genetic modifications or growth factors supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Lillehei Heart Institute and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lillehei Heart Institute and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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13
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Baldwin C, Kim J, Sivaraman S, Rao RR. Stem cell-based strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:1061-1068. [PMID: 36223074 DOI: 10.1002/term.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering has been a key area of focus over the years and has been of interest for developing regenerative strategies for injured or degenerative skeletal muscle tissue. Stem cells have gained increased attention as sources for developing skeletal muscle tissue for subsequent studies or potential treatments. Focus has been placed on understanding the molecular pathways that govern skeletal muscle formation in development to advance differentiation of stem cells towards skeletal muscle fates in vitro. Use of growth factors and transcription factors have long been the method for guiding skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro. However, further research in small molecule induced differentiation offers a xeno-free option that could result from use of animal derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christofer Baldwin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Johntaehwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Srikanth Sivaraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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14
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Kamen DL, Wallace C, Li Z, Wyatt M, Paulos C, Wei C, Wang H, Wolf BJ, Nietert PJ, Gilkeson G. Safety, immunological effects and clinical response in a phase I trial of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with treatment refractory SLE. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000704. [PMID: 35820718 PMCID: PMC9277402 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of clinical improvement following mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) infusions in refractory lupus patients at a single centre in China led us to perform an explorative phase I trial of umbilical cord derived MSCs in patients refractory to 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS Six women with a SLEDAI >6, having failed standard of care therapy, received one intravenous infusion of 1×106 MSCs/kg of body weight. They maintained their current immunosuppressives, but their physician was allowed to adjust corticosteroids initially for symptom management. The clinical endpoint was an SRI of 4 with no new British Isles Lupus Activity Guide (BILAG) As and no increase in Physician Global Assessment score of >0.3 with tapering of prednisone to 10 mg or less by 20 weeks. RESULTS Of six patients, five (83.3%; 95% CI 35.9% to 99.6%) achieved the clinical endpoint of an SRI of 4. Adverse events were minimal. Mechanistic studies revealed significant reductions in CD27IgD double negative B cells, switched memory B cells and activated naïve B cells, with increased transitional B cells in the five patients who met the endpoint. There was a trend towards decreased autoantibody levels in specific patients. Two patients had increases in their Helios+Treg cells, but no other significant T cell changes were noted. GARP-TGFβ complexes were significantly increased following the MSC infusions. The B cell changes and the GARP-TGFβ increases significantly correlated with changes in SLEDAI scores. CONCLUSION This phase 1 trial suggests that umbilical cord (UC) MSC infusions are very safe and may have efficacy in lupus. The B cell and GARP-TGFβ changes provide novel insight into mechanisms by which MSCs may impact disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03171194.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Kamen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan Wyatt
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Crystal Paulos
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chungwen Wei
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Paul J Nietert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Gilkeson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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15
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Iberite F, Gruppioni E, Ricotti L. Skeletal muscle differentiation of human iPSCs meets bioengineering strategies: perspectives and challenges. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:23. [PMID: 35393412 PMCID: PMC8991236 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle repairs itself following small injuries, genetic diseases or severe damages may hamper its ability to do so. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can generate myogenic progenitors, but their use in combination with bioengineering strategies to modulate their phenotype has not been sufficiently investigated. This review highlights the potential of this combination aimed at pushing the boundaries of skeletal muscle tissue engineering. First, the overall organization and the key steps in the myogenic process occurring in vivo are described. Second, transgenic and non-transgenic approaches for the myogenic induction of human iPSCs are compared. Third, technologies to provide cells with biophysical stimuli, biomaterial cues, and biofabrication strategies are discussed in terms of recreating a biomimetic environment and thus helping to engineer a myogenic phenotype. The embryonic development process and the pro-myogenic role of the muscle-resident cell populations in co-cultures are also described, highlighting the possible clinical applications of iPSCs in the skeletal muscle tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Iberite
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa (PI), Italy. .,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa (PI), Italy.
| | - Emanuele Gruppioni
- Centro Protesi INAIL, Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro, 40054, Vigorso di Budrio (BO), Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa (PI), Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa (PI), Italy
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16
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Kluyskens L, Debieux P, Wong KL, Krych AJ, Saris DBF. Biomaterials for meniscus and cartilage in knee surgery: state of the art. J ISAKOS 2022; 7:67-77. [PMID: 35543667 DOI: 10.1136/jisakos-2020-000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus and cartilage injuries of the knee joint lead to cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA). The research on biomaterials and artificial implants as substitutes in reconstruction and regeneration has become a main international focus in order to solve clinical problems such as irreparable meniscus injury, postmeniscectomy syndrome, osteochondral lesions and generalised chronic OA. In this review, we provide a summary of biomaterials currently used in clinical practice as well as state-of-the-art tissue engineering strategies and technologies that are developed for articular cartilage and meniscus repair and regeneration. The literature was reviewed over the last 5 years on clinically used meniscus and cartilage repair biomaterials, such as Collagen Meniscal Implant, Actifit, NUsurface, TruFit, Agili-C and MaioRegen. There are clinical advantages for these biomaterials and the application of these treatment options should be considered individually. Standardised evaluation protocols are needed for biological and mechanical assessment and comparison between different scaffolds, and long-term randomised independent clinical trials with large study numbers are needed to provide more insight into the use of these biomaterials. Surgeons should become familiar and stay up to date with evolving repair options to improve their armamentarium for meniscal and cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Kluyskens
- Orthopedics, AZ Monica Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Pedro Debieux
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keng Lin Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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17
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Huang M, Wang X, Banerjee M, Mukherji ST, Kutz LC, Zhao A, Sepanski M, Fan CM, Zhu GZ, Tian J, Wang DZ, Zhu H, Xie ZJ, Pierre SV, Cai L. Regulation of Myogenesis by a Na/K-ATPase α1 Caveolin-Binding Motif. Stem Cells 2022; 40:133-148. [PMID: 35257186 PMCID: PMC8943859 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The N-terminal caveolin-binding motif (CBM) in Na/K-ATPase (NKA) α1 subunit is essential for cell signaling and somitogenesis in animals. To further investigate the molecular mechanism, we have generated CBM mutant human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and examined their ability to differentiate into skeletal muscle (Skm) cells. Compared with the parental wild-type human iPSCs, the CBM mutant cells lost their ability of Skm differentiation, which was evidenced by the absence of spontaneous cell contraction, marker gene expression, and subcellular myofiber banding structures in the final differentiated induced Skm cells. Another NKA functional mutant, A420P, which lacks NKA/Src signaling function, did not produce a similar defect. Indeed, A420P mutant iPSCs retained intact pluripotency and ability of Skm differentiation. Mechanistically, the myogenic transcription factor MYOD was greatly suppressed by the CBM mutation. Overexpression of a mouse Myod cDNA through lentiviral delivery restored the CBM mutant cells' ability to differentiate into Skm. Upstream of MYOD, Wnt signaling was demonstrated from the TOPFlash assay to have a similar inhibition. This effect on Wnt activity was further confirmed functionally by defective induction of the presomitic mesoderm marker genes BRACHYURY (T) and MESOGENIN1 (MSGN1) by Wnt3a ligand or the GSK3 inhibitor/Wnt pathway activator CHIR. Further investigation through immunofluorescence imaging and cell fractionation revealed a shifted membrane localization of β-catenin in CBM mutant iPSCs, revealing a novel molecular component of NKA-Wnt regulation. This study sheds light on a genetic regulation of myogenesis through the CBM of NKA and control of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Huang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Shreya T Mukherji
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Laura C Kutz
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Aijie Zhao
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Michael Sepanski
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Guo-Zhang Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Jiang Tian
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, 396 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zi-Jian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Sandrine V Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
| | - Liquan Cai
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (MIIR) at Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25703, USA
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18
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Ahmadinejad F, Bos T, Hu B, Britt E, Koblinski J, Souers AJ, Leverson JD, Faber AC, Gewirtz DA, Harada H. Senolytic-Mediated Elimination of Head and Neck Tumor Cells Induced Into Senescence by Cisplatin. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:168-180. [PMID: 34907000 PMCID: PMC8969145 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic outcomes achieved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients by concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy initially reflect both tumor regression and tumor stasis. However, local and distant metastasis and disease relapse are common in HNSCC patients. In the current work, we demonstrate that cisplatin treatment induces senescence in both p53 wild-type HN30 and p53 mutant HN12 head and neck cancer models. We also show that tumor cells can escape from senescence both in vitro and in vivo. We further establish the effectiveness of the senolytic, ABT-263 (Navitoclax), in elimination of senescent tumor cells after cisplatin treatment. Navitoclax increased apoptosis by 3.3-fold (P ≤ 0.05) at day 7 compared with monotherapy by cisplatin. Additionally, we show that ABT-263 interferes with the interaction between B-cell lymphoma-x large (BCL-XL) and BAX, anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins, respectively, followed by BAX activation, suggesting that ABT-263-induced apoptotic cell death is mediated through BAX. Our in vivo studies also confirm senescence induction in tumor cells by cisplatin, and the promotion of apoptosis coupled with a significant delay of tumor growth after sequential treatment with ABT-263. Sequential treatment with cisplatin followed by ABT-263 extended the humane endpoint to ∼130 days compared with cisplatin alone, where mice survived ∼75 days. These results support the premise that senolytic agents could be used to eliminate residual senescent tumor cells after chemotherapy and thereby potentially delay disease recurrence in head and neck cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Disease recurrence is the most common cause of death in head and neck cancer patients. B-cell lymphoma-x large inhibitors such as ABT-263 (Navitoclax) have the capacity to be used in combination with cisplatin in head and neck cancer patients to eliminate senescent cells and possibly prevent disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hisashi Harada
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine (F.A.), Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry (T.B., E.B., A.C.F., H.H.), Cancer Mouse Models Core (B.H., J.K.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine (D.A.G.), Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois (A.J.S., J.D.L.)
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19
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Lynch E, Peek E, Reilly M, FitzGibbons C, Robertson S, Suzuki M. Current Progress in the Creation, Characterization, and Application of Human Stem Cell-derived in Vitro Neuromuscular Junction Models. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:768-780. [PMID: 34212303 PMCID: PMC8720113 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are of great value for studying developmental processes, disease modeling, and drug testing. One area in which the use of human PSCs has become of great interest in recent years is for in vitro models of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The NMJ is a synapse at which a motor neuron releases acetylcholine to bind to skeletal muscle and stimulate contraction. Degeneration of the NMJ and subsequent loss of muscle function is a common feature of many neuromuscular diseases such as myasthenia gravis, spinal muscular atrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In order to develop new therapies for patients with neuromuscular diseases, it is essential to understand mechanisms taking place at the NMJ. However, we have limited ability to study the NMJ in living human patients, and animal models are limited by physiological relevance. Therefore, an in vitro model of the NMJ consisting of human cells is of great value. The use of stem cells for in vitro NMJ models is still in progress and requires further optimization in order to yield reliable, reproducible results. The objective of this review is (1) to outline the current progress towards fully PSC-derived in vitro co-culture models of the human NMJ and (2) to discuss future directions and challenges that must be overcome in order to create reproducible fully PSC-derived models that can be used for developmental studies, disease modeling, and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emma Peek
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Megan Reilly
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Claire FitzGibbons
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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20
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Fralish Z, Lotz EM, Chavez T, Khodabukus A, Bursac N. Neuromuscular Development and Disease: Learning From in vitro and in vivo Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764732. [PMID: 34778273 PMCID: PMC8579029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized cholinergic synaptic interface between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber that translates presynaptic electrical impulses into motor function. NMJ formation and maintenance require tightly regulated signaling and cellular communication among motor neurons, myogenic cells, and Schwann cells. Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) can result in loss of NMJ function and motor input leading to paralysis or even death. Although small animal models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the NMJ structure and function, the complexities of studying this multi-tissue system in vivo and poor clinical outcomes of candidate therapies developed in small animal models has driven the need for in vitro models of functional human NMJ to complement animal studies. In this review, we discuss prevailing models of NMDs and highlight the current progress and ongoing challenges in developing human iPSC-derived (hiPSC) 3D cell culture models of functional NMJs. We first review in vivo development of motor neurons, skeletal muscle, Schwann cells, and the NMJ alongside current methods for directing the differentiation of relevant cell types from hiPSCs. We further compare the efficacy of modeling NMDs in animals and human cell culture systems in the context of five NMDs: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and Pompe disease. Finally, we discuss further work necessary for hiPSC-derived NMJ models to function as effective personalized NMD platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fralish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ethan M Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Taylor Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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21
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Xie N, Chu SN, Azzag K, Schultz CB, Peifer LN, Kyba M, Perlingeiro RCR, Chan SSK. In vitro expanded skeletal myogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cell-derived teratomas have high engraftment capacity. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2900-2912. [PMID: 34798067 PMCID: PMC8693664 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One major challenge in realizing cell-based therapy for treating muscle-wasting disorders is the difficulty in obtaining therapeutically meaningful amounts of engraftable cells. We have previously described a method to generate skeletal myogenic progenitors with exceptional engraftability from pluripotent stem cells via teratoma formation. Here, we show that these cells are functionally expandable in vitro while retaining their in vivo regenerative potential. Within 37 days in culture, teratoma-derived skeletal myogenic progenitors were expandable to a billion-fold. Similar to their freshly sorted counterparts, the expanded cells expressed PAX7 and were capable of forming multinucleated myotubes in vitro. Importantly, these cells remained highly regenerative in vivo. Upon transplantation, the expanded cells formed new DYSTROPHIN+ fibers that reconstituted up to 40% of tibialis anterior muscle volume and repopulated the muscle stem cell pool. Our study thereby demonstrates the possibility of producing large quantities of engraftable skeletal myogenic cells for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sabrina N Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Karim Azzag
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cassandra B Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Lindsay N Peifer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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22
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Yan L, Rodríguez-delaRosa A, Pourquié O. Human muscle production in vitro from pluripotent stem cells: Basic and clinical applications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:39-48. [PMID: 33941447 PMCID: PMC8530835 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types, offer tremendous therapeutic potential and invaluable flexibility as research tools. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in directing myogenic differentiation of human PSCs. The differentiation strategies, which were inspired by our knowledge of myogenesis in vivo, have provided an important platform for the study of human muscle development and modeling of muscular diseases, as well as a promising source of cells for cell therapy to treat muscular dystrophies. In this review, we summarize the current state of skeletal muscle generation from human PSCs, including transgene-based and transgene-free differentiation protocols, and 3D muscle tissue production through bioengineering approaches. We also highlight their basic and clinical applications, which facilitate the study of human muscle biology and deliver new hope for muscular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-delaRosa
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Soblechero-Martín P, Albiasu-Arteta E, Anton-Martinez A, de la Puente-Ovejero L, Garcia-Jimenez I, González-Iglesias G, Larrañaga-Aiestaran I, López-Martínez A, Poyatos-García J, Ruiz-Del-Yerro E, Gonzalez F, Arechavala-Gomeza V. Duchenne muscular dystrophy cell culture models created by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and their application in drug screening. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18188. [PMID: 34521928 PMCID: PMC8440673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing methods are an attractive therapeutic option for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and they have an immediate application in the generation of research models. To generate myoblast cultures that could be useful in in vitro drug screening, we have optimised a CRISPR/Cas9 gene edition protocol. We have successfully used it in wild type immortalised myoblasts to delete exon 52 of the dystrophin gene, modelling a common Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutation; and in patient's immortalised cultures we have deleted an inhibitory microRNA target region of the utrophin UTR, leading to utrophin upregulation. We have characterised these cultures by demonstrating, respectively, inhibition of dystrophin expression and overexpression of utrophin, and evaluating the expression of myogenic factors (Myf5 and MyH3) and components of the dystrophin associated glycoprotein complex (α-sarcoglycan and β-dystroglycan). To demonstrate their use in the assessment of DMD treatments, we have performed exon skipping on the DMDΔ52-Model and have used the unedited DMD cultures/ DMD-UTRN-Model combo to assess utrophin overexpression after drug treatment. While the practical use of DMDΔ52-Model is limited to the validation to our gene editing protocol, DMD-UTRN-Model presents a possible therapeutic gene edition target as well as a useful positive control in the screening of utrophin overexpression drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soblechero-Martín
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.,Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Health Organisation, Basurto University Hospital, Clinical Laboratory Service, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Edurne Albiasu-Arteta
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Aina Anton-Martinez
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Iker Garcia-Jimenez
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Irene Larrañaga-Aiestaran
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Andrea López-Martínez
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Estíbaliz Ruiz-Del-Yerro
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Federico Gonzalez
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Arechavala-Gomeza
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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24
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Santoso JW, Li X, Gupta D, Suh GC, Hendricks E, Lin S, Perry S, Ichida JK, Dickman D, McCain ML. Engineering skeletal muscle tissues with advanced maturity improves synapse formation with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:036101. [PMID: 34286174 PMCID: PMC8282350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop effective cures for neuromuscular diseases, human-relevant in vitro models of neuromuscular tissues are critically needed to probe disease mechanisms on a cellular and molecular level. However, previous attempts to co-culture motor neurons and skeletal muscle have resulted in relatively immature neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). In this study, NMJs formed by human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motor neurons were improved by optimizing the maturity of the co-cultured muscle tissue. First, muscle tissues engineered from the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line, cryopreserved primary human myoblasts, and freshly isolated primary chick myoblasts on micromolded gelatin hydrogels were compared. After three weeks, only chick muscle tissues remained stably adhered to hydrogels and exhibited progressive increases in myogenic index and stress generation, approaching values generated by native muscle tissue. After three weeks of co-culture with hiPSC-derived motor neurons, engineered chick muscle tissues formed NMJs with increasing co-localization of pre- and postsynaptic markers as well as increased frequency and magnitude of synaptic activity, surpassing structural and functional maturity of previous in vitro models. Engineered chick muscle tissues also demonstrated increased expression of genes related to sarcomere maturation and innervation over time, revealing new insights into the molecular pathways that likely contribute to enhanced NMJ formation. These approaches for engineering advanced neuromuscular tissues with relatively mature NMJs and interrogating their structure and function have many applications in neuromuscular disease modeling and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Xiling Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Arts and Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Divya Gupta
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Gio C. Suh
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Eric Hendricks
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Shaoyu Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Sarah Perry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Arts and Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Justin K. Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Dion Dickman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Arts and Letters, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Megan L. McCain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel: +1 2138210791. URL:https://livingsystemsengineering.usc.edu
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25
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Thermotherapy Effects on Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Cell Lines. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:9971599. [PMID: 34435189 PMCID: PMC8382545 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9971599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels with associated disordered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) specifically has been shown to cause a decrease in skeletal muscle mass due to oxidative stress. This study investigated a treatment option for T2D through thermotherapy on healthy (HSMM) and T2D (D-HSMM) human skeletal muscle cells. The goals were to determine the effects of thermotherapy, long-term (chronic) and short-term (acute), on HSMM and D-HSMM cell viabilities and oxidative stress. HSMM and D-HSMM cells were grown to confluency, harvested, and counted to determine density. Acute and chronic heat treatments were applied to both cell lines. The chronic treatment consisted of a 30-minute exposure to 40°C, three times a week for three weeks; the acute treatment was a one-time exposure. Oxidative stress assays and cell viabilities were tested 24 hours after heat treatments. Results indicated no significant effect on the cell viability of HSMM and D-HSMM cells. The acute treatment had a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) of MDA concentration compared to the chronic treatment. The chronic treatment had a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in catalase activity compared to the acute treatment. The SOD activity had no significant change (p > 0.05) between the chronic and acute treatments. In conclusion, acute thermotherapy may not be beneficial for skeletal muscle cells due to the observed increase in oxidative stress, especially in the D-HSMM cells.
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26
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Reiss J, Robertson S, Suzuki M. Cell Sources for Cultivated Meat: Applications and Considerations throughout the Production Workflow. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7513. [PMID: 34299132 PMCID: PMC8307620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular agriculture is an emerging scientific discipline that leverages the existing principles behind stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and animal sciences to create agricultural products from cells in vitro. Cultivated meat, also known as clean meat or cultured meat, is a prominent subfield of cellular agriculture that possesses promising potential to alleviate the negative externalities associated with conventional meat production by producing meat in vitro instead of from slaughter. A core consideration when producing cultivated meat is cell sourcing. Specifically, developing livestock cell sources that possess the necessary proliferative capacity and differentiation potential for cultivated meat production is a key technical component that must be optimized to enable scale-up for commercial production of cultivated meat. There are several possible approaches to develop cell sources for cultivated meat production, each possessing certain advantages and disadvantages. This review will discuss the current cell sources used for cultivated meat production and remaining challenges that need to be overcome to achieve scale-up of cultivated meat for commercial production. We will also discuss cell-focused considerations in other components of the cultivated meat production workflow, namely, culture medium composition, bioreactor expansion, and biomaterial tissue scaffolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Reiss
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.R.); (S.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.R.); (S.R.)
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.R.); (S.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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27
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Myogenic Differentiation of iPS Cells Shows Different Efficiency in Simultaneous Comparison of Protocols. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071671. [PMID: 34359837 PMCID: PMC8307201 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells constitute a perfect tool to study human embryo development processes such as myogenesis, thanks to their ability to differentiate into three germ layers. Currently, many protocols to obtain myogenic cells have been described in the literature. They differ in many aspects, such as media components, including signaling modulators, feeder layer constituents, and duration of culture. In our study, we compared three different myogenic differentiation protocols to verify, side by side, their efficiency. Protocol I was based on embryonic bodies differentiation induction, ITS addition, and selection with adhesion to collagen I type. Protocol II was based on strong myogenic induction at the embryonic bodies step with BIO, forskolin, and bFGF, whereas cells in Protocol III were cultured in monolayers in three special media, leading to WNT activation and TGF-β and BMP signaling inhibition. Myogenic induction was confirmed by the hierarchical expression of myogenic regulatory factors MYF5, MYOD, MYF6 and MYOG, as well as the expression of myotubes markers MYH3 and MYH2, in each protocol. Our results revealed that Protocol III is the most efficient in obtaining myogenic cells. Furthermore, our results indicated that CD56 is not a specific marker for the evaluation of myogenic differentiation.
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28
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Jeong J, Choi KH, Kim SH, Lee DK, Oh JN, Lee M, Choe GC, Lee CK. Combination of cell signaling molecules can facilitate MYOD1-mediated myogenic transdifferentiation of pig fibroblasts. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:64. [PMID: 33980301 PMCID: PMC8117598 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myogenic transdifferentiation can be accomplished through ectopic MYOD1 expression, which is facilitated by various signaling pathways associated with myogenesis. In this study, we attempted to transdifferentiate pig embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) myogenically into skeletal muscle through overexpression of the pig MYOD1 gene and modulation of the FGF, TGF-β, WNT, and cAMP signaling pathways. Results The MYOD1 overexpression vector was constructed based on comparative sequence analysis, demonstrating that pig MYOD1 has evolutionarily conserved domains across various species. Although forced MYOD1 expression through these vectors triggered the expression of endogenous muscle markers, transdifferentiated muscle cells from fibroblasts were not observed. Therefore, various signaling molecules, including FGF2, SB431542, CHIR99021, and forskolin, along with MYOD1 overexpression were applied to enhance the myogenic reprogramming. The modified conditions led to the derivation of myotubes and activation of muscle markers in PEFs, as determined by qPCR and immunostaining. Notably, a sarcomere-like structure was observed, indicating that terminally differentiated skeletal muscle could be obtained from transdifferentiated cells. Conclusions In summary, we established a protocol for reprogramming MYOD1-overexpressing PEFs into the mature skeletal muscle using signaling molecules. Our myogenic reprogramming can be used as a cell source for muscle disease models in regenerative medicine and the production of cultured meat in cellular agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Present address: Research and Development Center, Space F corporation, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18471, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Present address: Research and Development Center, Space F corporation, Hwasung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18471, South Korea
| | - Jong-Nam Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mingyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Gyung Cheol Choe
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon-do, 25354, South Korea.
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29
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Ou L, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhang J, Lu H, Luo L, Shi C, Lin S, Dong L, Guo Y, Huang L, Zhu J, Yin X, Huang AC, Karakousis G, Schuchter L, Amaravadi R, Zheng C, Fan Y, Guo W, Xu X. Dichotomous and stable gamma delta T-cell number and function in healthy individuals. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002274. [PMID: 34011536 PMCID: PMC8137237 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-delta (γδ) T lymphocytes are primed to potently respond to pathogens and transformed cells by recognizing a broad range of antigens. However, adoptive immunotherapy with γδT cells has exhibited mixed treatment responses. Better understanding of γδT cell biology and stratifying healthy donors for allogeneic adoptive therapy is clinically needed to fully realize the therapeutic potential of γδT cells. METHODS We examine 98 blood samples from healthy donors and measure their expansion capacity after zoledronate stimulation, and test the migration and cytotoxic effector function of expanded γδT cells in 2D culture, 3D tumor spheroid and patient-derived melanoma organoid assays. RESULTS We find that γδT cell expansion capacity is independent of expansion methods, gender, age and HLA type. Basal γδT cell levels in Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) correlate well with their expansion, migration and cytotoxic effector capacity in vitro. Circulating γδT cells with lower expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, Eomes, T-bet and CD69, or higher IFN-γ production expand better. γδT cells with central memory and effector memory phenotypes are significantly more abundant in good expanders. A cut-off level of 0.82% γδT cells in PBMC stratifies good versus poor γδT cell expansion with a sensitivity of 97.78%, specificity of 90.48% and area under the curve of 0.968 in a healthy individual. Donors with higher Vδ2 Index Score in PBMC have greater anti-tumor functions including migratory function and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the interindividual γδT cell functions correlate with their circulating levels in healthy donors. Examination of circulating γδT cell level may be used to select healthy donors to participate in γδT-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaishan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hezhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangping Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changzheng Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Dong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiangfan Yin
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lynn Schuchter
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravi Amaravadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cathy Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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30
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Lim H, Choi IY, Hyun SH, Kim H, Lee G. Approaches to characterize the transcriptional trajectory of human myogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4221-4234. [PMID: 33590269 PMCID: PMC11072395 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have attracted considerable interest in understanding the cellular fate determination processes and modeling a number of intractable diseases. In vitro generation of skeletal muscle tissues using hPSCs provides an essential model to identify the molecular functions and gene regulatory networks controlling the differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Such a genetic roadmap is not only beneficial to understanding human myogenesis but also to decipher the molecular pathology of many skeletal muscle diseases. The combination of established human in vitro myogenesis protocols and newly developed molecular profiling techniques offers extensive insight into the molecular signatures for the development of normal and disease human skeletal muscle tissues. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress of in vitro skeletal muscle generation from hPSCs and relevant examples of the transcriptional landscape and disease-related transcriptional aberrations involving signaling pathways during the development of skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- HoTae Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - In Young Choi
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hyesoo Kim
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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31
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Ka HI, Seo H, Choi Y, Kim J, Cho M, Choi SY, Park S, Han S, An J, Chung HS, Yang Y, Kim MJ. Loss of splicing factor IK impairs normal skeletal muscle development. BMC Biol 2021; 19:44. [PMID: 33789631 PMCID: PMC8015194 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IK is a splicing factor that promotes spliceosome activation and contributes to pre-mRNA splicing. Although the molecular mechanism of IK has been previously reported in vitro, the physiological role of IK has not been fully understood in any animal model. Here, we generate an ik knock-out (KO) zebrafish using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to investigate the physiological roles of IK in vivo. RESULTS The ik KO embryos display severe pleiotropic phenotypes, implying an essential role of IK in embryonic development in vertebrates. RNA-seq analysis reveals downregulation of genes involved in skeletal muscle differentiation in ik KO embryos, and there exist genes having improper pre-mRNA splicing among downregulated genes. The ik KO embryos display impaired neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and fast-twitch muscle development. Depletion of ik reduces myod1 expression and upregulates pax7a, preventing normal fast muscle development in a non-cell-autonomous manner. Moreover, when differentiation is induced in IK-depleted C2C12 myoblasts, myoblasts show a reduced ability to form myotubes. However, inhibition of IK does not influence either muscle cell proliferation or apoptosis in zebrafish and C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION This study provides that the splicing factor IK contributes to normal skeletal muscle development in vivo and myogenic differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Ka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Seo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Youngsook Choi
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Han
- Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu An
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Suk Chung
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Nayak P, Colas A, Mercola M, Varghese S, Subramaniam S. Temporal mechanisms of myogenic specification in human induced pluripotent stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf7412. [PMID: 33731358 PMCID: PMC7968833 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of myogenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a prerequisite to achieving patient-specific therapy for diseases of skeletal muscle. hiPSCs of different origin show distinctive kinetics and ability to differentiate into myocytes. To address the unique cellular and temporal context of hiPSC differentiation, we perform a longitudinal comparison of the transcriptomic profiles of three hiPSC lines that display differential myogenic specification, one robust and two blunted. We detail temporal differences in mechanisms that lead to robust myogenic specification. We show gene expression signatures of putative cell subpopulations and extracellular matrix components that may support myogenesis. Furthermore, we show that targeted knockdown of ZIC3 at the outset of differentiation leads to improved myogenic specification in blunted hiPSC lines. Our study suggests that β-catenin transcriptional cofactors mediate cross-talk between multiple cellular processes and exogenous cues to facilitate specification of hiPSCs to mesoderm lineage, leading to robust myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nayak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Colas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - S Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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33
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Castellanos-Montiel MJ, Velasco I, Escobedo-Avila I. Modeling the neuromuscular junction in vitro: an approach to study neuromuscular junction disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1488:3-15. [PMID: 33040338 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized structure that works as an interface to translate the action potential of the presynaptic motor neuron (MN) in the contraction of the postsynaptic myofiber. The design of appropriate experimental models is essential to have efficient and reliable approaches to study NMJ development and function, but also to generate conditions that recapitulate distinct features of diseases. Initial studies relied on the use of tissue slices maintained under the same environment and in which single motor axons were difficult to trace. Later, MNs and muscle cells were obtained from primary cultures or differentiation of progenitors and cocultured as monolayers; however, the tissue architecture was lost. Current approaches include self-assembling 3D structures or the incorporation of biomaterials with cells to generate engineered tissues, although the incorporation of Schwann cells remains a challenge. Thus, numerous investigations have established different NMJ models, some of which are quite complex and challenging. Our review summarizes the in vitro models that have emerged in recent years to coculture MNs and skeletal muscle, trying to mimic the healthy and diseased NMJ. We expect our review may serve as a reference for choosing the appropriate experimental model for the required purposes of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Castellanos-Montiel
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Avila
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Baker EK, Jacobs SE, Lim R, Wallace EM, Davis PG. Cell therapy for the preterm infant: promise and practicalities. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2020; 105:563-568. [PMID: 32253200 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent decades have seen the rapid progress of neonatal intensive care, and the survival rates of the most preterm infants are improving. This improvement is associated with changing patterns of morbidity and new phenotypes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and preterm brain injury are recognised. Inflammation and immaturity are known contributors to their pathogenesis. However, a new phenomenon, the exhaustion of progenitor cells is emerging as an important factor. Current therapeutic approaches do not adequately address these new mechanisms of injury. Cell therapy, that is the use of stem and stem-like cells, with its potential to both repair and prevent injury, offers a new approach to these challenging conditions. This review will examine the rationale for cell therapy in the extremely preterm infant, the preclinical and early clinical evidence to support its use in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and preterm brain injury. Finally, it will address the challenges in translating cell therapy from the laboratory to early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Baker
- Newborn Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan E Jacobs
- Newborn Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Davis
- Newborn Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Abstract
Organs-on-chips are broadly defined as microfabricated surfaces or devices designed to engineer cells into microscale tissues with native-like features and then extract physiologically relevant readouts at scale. Because they are generally compatible with patient-derived cells, these technologies can address many of the human relevance limitations of animal models. As a result, organs-on-chips have emerged as a promising new paradigm for patient-specific disease modeling and drug development. Because neuromuscular diseases span a broad range of rare conditions with diverse etiology and complex pathophysiology, they have been especially challenging to model in animals and thus are well suited for organ-on-chip approaches. In this Review, we first briefly summarize the challenges in neuromuscular disease modeling with animal models. Next, we describe a variety of existing organ-on-chip approaches for neuromuscular tissues, including a survey of cell sources for both muscle and nerve, and two- and three-dimensional neuromuscular tissue-engineering techniques. Although researchers have made tremendous advances in modeling neuromuscular diseases on a chip, the remaining challenges in cell sourcing, cell maturity, tissue assembly and readout capabilities limit their integration into the drug development pipeline today. However, as the field advances, models of healthy and diseased neuromuscular tissues on a chip, coupled with animal models, have vast potential as complementary tools for modeling multiple aspects of neuromuscular diseases and identifying new therapeutic strategies. Summary: Modeling neuromuscular diseases is challenging due to their complex etiology and pathophysiology. Here, we review the cell sources and tissue-engineering procedures that are being integrated as emerging neuromuscular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Santoso
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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36
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Malhotra A, Novak I, Miller SL, Jenkin G. Autologous transplantation of umbilical cord blood-derived cells in extreme preterm infants: protocol for a safety and feasibility study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036065. [PMID: 32398336 PMCID: PMC7223148 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm brain injury continues to be an important complication of preterm birth, especially in extremely premature infants. Umbilical cord blood-derived cells (UCBCs) are increasingly being evaluated for their neuroprotective and neuroreparative properties in preclinical and clinical studies. There remains a paucity of information on the feasibility and safety of autologous UCBC transplantation in extremely premature infants. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A single centre safety and feasibility study in preterm babies born before 28 weeks gestation. Cord blood will be collected after birth and if sufficient blood is obtained, UCB mononuclear cells will be harvested from the cord blood, characterised and stored. After excluding infants who have already suffered severe preterm brain injury, based on cranial ultrasounds in first week of life, preterm infants will be infused with autologous UCBCs via the intravenous route at a dose of 25-50 million UCBCs/kg body weight of live cells, with the cell number being the maximum available up to 50 million cells/kg. A minimum of 20 infants will be administered autologous UCBCs. Primary outcomes will include feasibility and safety. Feasibility will be determined by access to sufficient cord blood at collection and UCBCs following processing. Safety will be determined by lack of adverse events directly related to autologous UCBC administration in the first few days after cell administration. Secondary outcomes studied will include neonatal and neurodevelopmental morbidities till 2 years of life. Additional outcomes will include cell characteristics of all collected cord blood, and cytokine responses to cell administration in transplanted infants till 36 weeks' corrected age. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee approved this study in December 2019. Recruitment is to commence in July 2020 and is expected to take around 12 months. The findings of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619001637134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Suzanne Lee Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Urciuolo A, Serena E, Ghua R, Zatti S, Giomo M, Mattei N, Vetralla M, Selmin G, Luni C, Vitulo N, Valle G, Vitiello L, Elvassore N. Engineering a 3D in vitro model of human skeletal muscle at the single fiber scale. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232081. [PMID: 32374763 PMCID: PMC7202609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproduction of reliable in vitro models of human skeletal muscle is made harder by the intrinsic 3D structural complexity of this tissue. Here we coupled engineered hydrogel with 3D structural cues and specific mechanical properties to derive human 3D muscle constructs (“myobundles”) at the scale of single fibers, by using primary myoblasts or myoblasts derived from embryonic stem cells. To this aim, cell culture was performed in confined, laminin-coated micrometric channels obtained inside a 3D hydrogel characterized by the optimal stiffness for skeletal muscle myogenesis. Primary myoblasts cultured in our 3D culture system were able to undergo myotube differentiation and maturation, as demonstrated by the proper expression and localization of key components of the sarcomere and sarcolemma. Such approach allowed the generation of human myobundles of ~10 mm in length and ~120 μm in diameter, showing spontaneous contraction 7 days after cell seeding. Transcriptome analyses showed higher similarity between 3D myobundles and skeletal signature, compared to that found between 2D myotubes and skeletal muscle, mainly resulting from expression in 3D myobundles of categories of genes involved in skeletal muscle maturation, including extracellular matrix organization. Moreover, imaging analyses confirmed that structured 3D culture system was conducive to differentiation/maturation also when using myoblasts derived from embryonic stem cells. In conclusion, our structured 3D model is a promising tool for modelling human skeletal muscle in healthy and diseases conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Urciuolo
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Women's and Children's Health Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Serena
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Rusha Ghua
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Susi Zatti
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Giomo
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicolò Mattei
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Vetralla
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Selmin
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Camilla Luni
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnologies, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Libero Vitiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Assisi, Italy
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University College London ICH, London, England, United Kingdom
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38
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Kwon JB, Vankara A, Ettyreddy AR, Bohning JD, Gersbach CA. Myogenic Progenitor Cell Lineage Specification by CRISPR/Cas9-Based Transcriptional Activators. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:755-769. [PMID: 32330446 PMCID: PMC7221109 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activators can potently and specifically activate endogenous fate-determining genes to direct differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous activation of the PAX7 transcription factor results in stable epigenetic remodeling and differentiates human pluripotent stem cells into skeletal myogenic progenitor cells. Compared with exogenous overexpression of PAX7 cDNA, we find that endogenous activation results in the generation of more proliferative myogenic progenitors that can maintain PAX7 expression over multiple passages in serum-free conditions while preserving the capacity for terminal myogenic differentiation. Transplantation of human myogenic progenitors derived from endogenous activation of PAX7 into immunodeficient mice resulted in a greater number of human dystrophin+ myofibers compared with exogenous PAX7 overexpression. RNA-sequencing analysis also revealed transcriptome-wide differences between myogenic progenitors generated via CRISPR-based endogenous activation of PAX7 and exogenous PAX7 cDNA overexpression. These studies demonstrate the utility of CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activators for controlling cell-fate decisions. CRISPR activation generates myogenic progenitors from human iPSCs/ESCs Activation of endogenous PAX7 leads to autonomously maintained gene expression Endogenous activation outperforms cDNA expression in generating a stable phenotype CRISPRa myogenic progenitors engraft and regenerate muscle fibers in vivo in mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Kwon
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ashish Vankara
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adarsh R Ettyreddy
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joel D Bohning
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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39
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Kim E, Wu F, Wu X, Choo HJ. Generation of craniofacial myogenic progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2020; 248:119995. [PMID: 32283390 PMCID: PMC7232788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial skeletal muscle is composed of approximately 60 muscles, which have critical functions including food uptake, eye movements and facial expressions. Although craniofacial muscles have significantly different embryonic origin, most current skeletal muscle differentiation protocols using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are based on somite-derived limb and trunk muscle developmental pathways. Since the lack of a protocol for craniofacial muscles is a significant gap in the iPSC-derived muscle field, we have developed an optimized protocol to generate craniofacial myogenic precursor cells (cMPCs) from human iPSCs by mimicking key signaling pathways during craniofacial embryonic myogenesis. At each different stage, human iPSC-derived cMPCs mirror the transcription factor expression profiles seen in their counterparts during embryo development. After the bi-potential cranial pharyngeal mesoderm is established, cells are committed to cranial skeletal muscle lineages with inhibition of cardiac lineages and are purified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, identities of Ipsc-derived cMPCs are verified with human primary myoblasts from craniofacial muscles using RNA sequencing. These data suggest that our new method could provide not only in vitro research tools to study muscle specificity of muscular dystrophy but also abundant and reliable cellular resources for tissue engineering to support craniofacial reconstruction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hyojung J Choo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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40
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Moretti A, Fonteyne L, Giesert F, Hoppmann P, Meier AB, Bozoglu T, Baehr A, Schneider CM, Sinnecker D, Klett K, Fröhlich T, Rahman FA, Haufe T, Sun S, Jurisch V, Kessler B, Hinkel R, Dirschinger R, Martens E, Jilek C, Graf A, Krebs S, Santamaria G, Kurome M, Zakhartchenko V, Campbell B, Voelse K, Wolf A, Ziegler T, Reichert S, Lee S, Flenkenthaler F, Dorn T, Jeremias I, Blum H, Dendorfer A, Schnieke A, Krause S, Walter MC, Klymiuk N, Laugwitz KL, Wolf E, Wurst W, Kupatt C. Somatic gene editing ameliorates skeletal and cardiac muscle failure in pig and human models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Med 2020; 26:207-214. [PMID: 31988462 PMCID: PMC7212064 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Frameshift mutations in the DMD gene, encoding dystrophin, cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), leading to terminal muscle and heart failure in patients. Somatic gene editing by sequence-specific nucleases offers new options for restoring the DMD reading frame, resulting in expression of a shortened but largely functional dystrophin protein. Here, we validated this approach in a pig model of DMD lacking exon 52 of DMD (DMDΔ52), as well as in a corresponding patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell model. In DMDΔ52 pigs1, intramuscular injection of adeno-associated viral vectors of serotype 9 carrying an intein-split Cas9 (ref. 2) and a pair of guide RNAs targeting sequences flanking exon 51 (AAV9-Cas9-gE51) induced expression of a shortened dystrophin (DMDΔ51-52) and improved skeletal muscle function. Moreover, systemic application of AAV9-Cas9-gE51 led to widespread dystrophin expression in muscle, including diaphragm and heart, prolonging survival and reducing arrhythmogenic vulnerability. Similarly, in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myoblasts and cardiomyocytes of a patient lacking DMDΔ52, AAV6-Cas9-g51-mediated excision of exon 51 restored dystrophin expression and amelioreate skeletal myotube formation as well as abnormal cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling and arrhythmogenic susceptibility. The ability of Cas9-mediated exon excision to improve DMD pathology in these translational models paves the way for new treatment approaches in patients with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - L Fonteyne
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre and Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - P Hoppmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - A B Meier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Bozoglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - A Baehr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - C M Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - D Sinnecker
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - K Klett
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Fröhlich
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Abdel Rahman
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Haufe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - S Sun
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - V Jurisch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - B Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - R Dirschinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - E Martens
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - C Jilek
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - A Graf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Krebs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Santamaria
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - M Kurome
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - V Zakhartchenko
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - B Campbell
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - K Voelse
- Reseach Unit Apoptosis in Hemopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - A Wolf
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - S Reichert
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Lee
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - F Flenkenthaler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Dorn
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - I Jeremias
- Reseach Unit Apoptosis in Hemopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - H Blum
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Dendorfer
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Krause
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M C Walter
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich Baur Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K L Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - E Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre and Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - C Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Morales F, Pusch M. An Up-to-Date Overview of the Complexity of Genotype-Phenotype Relationships in Myotonic Channelopathies. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1404. [PMID: 32010054 PMCID: PMC6978732 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic disorders are inherited neuromuscular diseases divided into dystrophic myotonias and non-dystrophic myotonias (NDM). The latter is a group of dominant or recessive diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channels that participate in the generation and control of the skeletal muscle action potential. Their altered function causes hyperexcitability of the muscle membrane, thereby triggering myotonia, the main sign in NDM. Mutations in the genes encoding voltage-gated Cl− and Na+ channels (respectively, CLCN1 and SCN4A) produce a wide spectrum of phenotypes, which differ in age of onset, affected muscles, severity of myotonia, degree of hypertrophy, and muscle weakness, disease progression, among others. More than 200 CLCN1 and 65 SCN4A mutations have been identified and described, but just about half of them have been functionally characterized, an approach that is likely extremely helpful to contribute to improving the so-far rather poor clinical correlations present in NDM. The observed poor correlations may be due to: (1) the wide spectrum of symptoms and overlapping phenotypes present in both groups (Cl− and Na+ myotonic channelopathies) and (2) both genes present high genotypic variability. On the one hand, several mutations cause a unique and reproducible phenotype in most patients. On the other hand, some mutations can have different inheritance pattern and clinical phenotypes in different families. Conversely, different mutations can be translated into very similar phenotypes. For these reasons, the genotype-phenotype relationships in myotonic channelopathies are considered complex. Although the molecular bases for the clinical variability present in myotonic channelopathies remain obscure, several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the variability, which include: (a) differential allelic expression; (b) trans-acting genetic modifiers; (c) epigenetic, hormonal, or environmental factors; and (d) dominance with low penetrance. Improvements in clinical tests, the recognition of the different phenotypes that result from particular mutations and the understanding of how a mutation affects the structure and function of the ion channel, together with genetic screening, is expected to improve clinical correlation in NDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, Universidad de Costa, San José, Costa Rica
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6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime intercepts GSK3 signaling to promote and enhance skeletal muscle differentiation affecting miR-206 expression in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18091. [PMID: 31792344 PMCID: PMC6889408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration and weakness as consequence of their molecular abnormalities. Thus, new drugs for restoring skeletal muscle deterioration are critically needed. To identify new and alternative compounds with a functional role in skeletal muscle myogenesis, we screened a library of pharmacologically active compounds and selected the small molecule 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO) as an inhibitor of myoblast proliferation. Using C2C12 cells, we examined BIO’s effect during myoblast proliferation and differentiation showing that BIO treatment promotes transition from cell proliferation to myogenic differentiation through the arrest of cell cycle. Here, we show that BIO is able to promote myogenic differentiation in damaged myotubes in-vitro by enriching the population of newly formed skeletal muscle myotubes. Moreover, in-vivo experiments in CTX-damaged TA muscle confirmed the pro-differentiation capability of BIO as shown by the increasing of the percentage of myofibers with centralized nuclei as well as by the increasing of myofibers number. Additionally, we have identified a strong correlation of miR-206 with BIO treatment both in-vitro and in-vivo: the enhanced expression of miR-206 was observed in-vitro in BIO-treated proliferating myoblasts, miR-206 restored expression was observed in a forced miR-206 silencing conditions antagomiR-mediated upon BIO treatment, and in-vivo in CTX-injured muscles miR-206 enhanced expression was observed upon BIO treatment. Taken together, our results highlight the capacity of BIO to act as a positive modulator of skeletal muscle differentiation in-vitro and in-vivo opening up a new perspective for novel therapeutic targets to correct skeletal muscle defects.
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Tey SR, Robertson S, Lynch E, Suzuki M. Coding Cell Identity of Human Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cells Using Cell Surface Markers: Current Status and Remaining Challenges for Characterization and Isolation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:284. [PMID: 31828070 PMCID: PMC6890603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), also called myogenic progenitors, have been studied extensively in recent years because of their promising therapeutic potential to preserve and recover skeletal muscle mass and function in patients with cachexia, sarcopenia, and neuromuscular diseases. SMPCs can be utilized to investigate the mechanisms of natural and pathological myogenesis via in vitro modeling and in vivo experimentation. While various types of SMPCs are currently available from several sources, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer an efficient and cost-effective method to derive SMPCs. As human PSC-derived cells often display varying heterogeneity in cell types, cell enrichment using cell surface markers remains a critical step in current procedures to establish a pure population of SMPCs. Here we summarize the cell surface markers currently being used to detect human SMPCs, describing their potential application for characterizing, identifying and isolating human PSC-derived SMPCs. To date, several positive and negative markers have been used to enrich human SMPCs from differentiated PSCs by cell sorting. A careful analysis of current findings can broaden our understanding and reveal potential uses for these surface markers with SMPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ruow Tey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Selvaraj S, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Xu B, Magli A, Kim H, Lainé J, Kiley J, Mckee H, Rinaldi F, Aho J, Tabti N, Shen W, Perlingeiro RCR. Screening identifies small molecules that enhance the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived myotubes. eLife 2019; 8:e47970. [PMID: 31710288 PMCID: PMC6845233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted differentiation of pluripotent stem (PS) cells into myotubes enables in vitro disease modeling of skeletal muscle diseases. Although various protocols achieve myogenic differentiation in vitro, resulting myotubes typically display an embryonic identity. This is a major hurdle for accurately recapitulating disease phenotypes in vitro, as disease commonly manifests at later stages of development. To address this problem, we identified four factors from a small molecule screen whose combinatorial treatment resulted in myotubes with enhanced maturation, as shown by the expression profile of myosin heavy chain isoforms, as well as the upregulation of genes related with muscle contractile function. These molecular changes were confirmed by global chromatin accessibility and transcriptome studies. Importantly, we also observed this maturation in three-dimensional muscle constructs, which displayed improved in vitro contractile force generation in response to electrical stimulus. Thus, we established a model for in vitro muscle maturation from PS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Departamento de Genética y Biología MolecularCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN)Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Hyunkee Kim
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Jeanne Lainé
- Département de PhysiologieSorbonne Universités, Faculté de Médecine site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - James Kiley
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Holly Mckee
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | | | - Joy Aho
- Stem Cell DepartmentBio-TechneMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Nacira Tabti
- Département de PhysiologieSorbonne Universités, Faculté de Médecine site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Wei Shen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Rita CR Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
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Lynch E, Semrad T, Belsito VS, FitzGibbons C, Reilly M, Hayakawa K, Suzuki M. C9ORF72-related cellular pathology in skeletal myocytes derived from ALS-patient induced pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/8/dmm039552. [PMID: 31439573 PMCID: PMC6737948 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset neuromuscular disease with no cure and limited treatment options. Patients experience a gradual paralysis leading to death from respiratory complications on average only 2-5 years after diagnosis. There is increasing evidence that skeletal muscle is affected early in the disease process, yet the pathological processes occurring in the skeletal muscle of ALS patients are still mostly unknown. Specifically, the most common genetic cause of ALS, a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene, has yet to be fully characterized in the context of skeletal muscle. In this study, we used the protocol previously developed in our lab to differentiate skeletal myocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of C9ORF72 ALS (C9-ALS) patients in order to create an in vitro disease model of C9-ALS skeletal muscle pathology. Of the three C9ORF72 mutation hallmarks, we did not see any evidence of haploinsufficiency, but we did detect RNA foci and dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins. Additional abnormalities included changes in the expression of mitochondrial genes and a susceptibility to oxidative stress, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a critical feature of C9-ALS skeletal muscle pathology. Finally, the C9-ALS myocytes had increased expression and aggregation of TDP-43. Together, these data show that skeletal muscle cells experience pathological changes due to the C9ORF72 mutation. Our in vitro model could facilitate further study of cellular and molecular pathology in ALS skeletal muscle in order to discover new therapeutic targets against this devastating disease. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Evidence of protein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction were found in skeletal myocytes differentiated from ALS-patient induced pluripotent stem cells with the C9ORF72 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Theran Semrad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Vincent S Belsito
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Claire FitzGibbons
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Megan Reilly
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Koji Hayakawa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Interleukin 4 Moderately Affects Competence of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Myogenic Conversion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163932. [PMID: 31412558 PMCID: PMC6720909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells convert into skeletal muscle tissue during teratoma formation or chimeric animal development. Thus, they are characterized by naive myogenic potential. Numerous attempts have been made to develop protocols enabling efficient and safe conversion of pluripotent stem cells into functional myogenic cells in vitro. Despite significant progress in the field, generation of myogenic cells from pluripotent stem cells is still challenging—i.e., currently available methods require genetic modifications, animal-derived reagents, or are long lasting—and, therefore, should be further improved. In the current study, we investigated the influence of interleukin 4, a factor regulating inter alia migration and fusion of myogenic cells and necessary for proper skeletal muscle development and maintenance, on pluripotent stem cells. We assessed the impact of interleukin 4 on proliferation, selected gene expression, and ability to fuse in case of both undifferentiated and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells. Our results revealed that interleukin 4 slightly improves fusion of pluripotent stem cells with myoblasts leading to the formation of hybrid myotubes. Moreover, it increases the level of early myogenic genes such as Mesogenin1, Pax3, and Pax7 in differentiating embryonic stem cells. Thus, interleukin 4 moderately enhances competence of mouse pluripotent stem cells for myogenic conversion.
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Ostrovidov S, Salehi S, Costantini M, Suthiwanish K, Ebrahimi M, Sadeghian RB, Fujie T, Shi X, Cannata S, Gargioli C, Tamayol A, Dokmeci MR, Orive G, Swieszkowski W, Khademhosseini A. 3D Bioprinting in Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805530. [PMID: 31012262 PMCID: PMC6570559 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) aims at repairing defective skeletal muscles. Until now, numerous developments are made in SMTE; however, it is still challenging to recapitulate the complexity of muscles with current methods of fabrication. Here, after a brief description of the anatomy of skeletal muscle and a short state-of-the-art on developments made in SMTE with "conventional methods," the use of 3D bioprinting as a new tool for SMTE is in focus. The current bioprinting methods are discussed, and an overview of the bioink formulations and properties used in 3D bioprinting is provided. Finally, different advances made in SMTE by 3D bioprinting are highlighted, and future needs and a short perspective are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ostrovidov
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry – Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kasinan Suthiwanish
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Majid Ebrahimi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S3G9, Canada
| | - Ramin Banan Sadeghian
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta -cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Stefano Cannata
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata Rome University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata Rome University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Department of Bioengineering, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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48
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Study of the Chronology of Expression of Ten Extracellular Matrix Molecules during the Myogenesis in Cattle to Better Understand Sensory Properties of Meat. Foods 2019; 8:foods8030097. [PMID: 30871212 PMCID: PMC6462999 DOI: 10.3390/foods8030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensory properties of beef are known to depend on muscle fiber and intramuscular connective tissue composition (IMCT). IMCT is composed of collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. The differentiation of muscle fibers has been extensively studied but there is scarcity in the data concerning IMCT differentiation. In order to be able to control muscle differentiation to improve beef quality, it is essential to understand the ontogenesis of IMCT molecules. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the chronology of appearance of 10 IMCT molecules in bovine Semitendinosus muscle using immunohistology technique at five key stages of myogenesis. Since 60 days post-conception (dpc), the whole molecules were present, but did not have their final location. It seems that they reach it at around 210 dpc. Then, the findings emphasized that since 210 dpc, the stage at which the differentiation of muscle fibers is almost complete, the differentiation of IMCT is almost completed. These data suggested that for the best controlling of the muscular differentiation to improve beef sensory quality, it would be necessary to intervene very early (before the IMCT constituents have acquired their definitive localization and the muscle fibers have finished differentiating), i.e., at the beginning of the first third of gestation.
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49
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Kraby MR, Opdahl S, Russnes HG, Bofin AM. Microvessel density in breast cancer: the impact of field area on prognostic informativeness. J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:304-310. [PMID: 30630872 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tumour microvessel density (MVD) is assessed by counting vessels in the most vascularised tumour region, the vascular hot spot. Current uncertainty regarding the prognostic role of MVD in breast cancer could, in part, be explained by variations in field area size for MVD assessment. We aimed to identify the field area size that provides the most accurate prognostic information in breast carcinoma. METHODS MVD was assessed in 212 tumours. von Willebrand factor positively stained vessels were counted in 10 consecutive visual fields in vascular hotspots. The 10 visual fields in the original counting sequence (MVD-Consecutive) were sorted from highest to lowest vessel count (MVD-Decreasing), and randomly (MVD-Random). After adding counts from one visual field at a time, mean MVD was calculated for each cumulative field area. The prognostic informativeness of each field area and sorting strategy were compared. RESULTS Median MVD decreased with increasing field size for MVD-Decreasing and MVD-Consecutive. A 0.35 mm2 total field area comprising only the highest vessel counts provided the most accurate prognostic information (MVD-Decreasing, HR for breast cancer death 1.06 per 10 vessels/mm2 increase, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10). MVD-Decreasing gave more accurate prognostic information than MVD-Consecutive and MVD-Random, with decreasing prognostic informativeness with increasing field area. CONCLUSIONS Median MVD and its prognostic informativeness decreased with increasing field area. Assessing MVD in a carefully selected small field area of 0.35 mm2 provides the most accurate prognostic information. This could facilitate the implementation of MVD assessment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ryssdal Kraby
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Opdahl
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hege Giercksky Russnes
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna M Bofin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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50
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Modeling and Therapy. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120253. [PMID: 30544588 PMCID: PMC6315586 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder, caused by mutation of the DMD gene which encodes the protein dystrophin. This dystrophin defect leads to the progressive degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Currently, there is no effective therapy for this disorder. However, the technology of cell reprogramming, with subsequent controlled differentiation to skeletal muscle cells or cardiomyocytes, may provide a unique tool for the study, modeling, and treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In the present review, we describe current methods of induced pluripotent stem cell generation and discuss their implications for the study, modeling, and development of cell-based therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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