1
|
Zhao R, Xu C, Shi G, Li C, Shao S, Shangguan F, Cui L. Connection of social anxiety to impaired pattern of cognitive control and underlying motivational deficiencies: Evidence from event-related potentials. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14598. [PMID: 38691392 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have established a correlation between social anxiety and poor cognitive control. However, little is known about the cognitive control pattern of individuals with high social anxiety (HSAs) and the underlying mechanisms. Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework and the Expected Value of Control theory, this study explored whether HSAs have an impaired cognitive control pattern (Experiment 1) and whether motivational deficiencies underlie the impaired control pattern (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 individuals with low social anxiety (LSAs) and 21 HSAs completed an AX-Continuous Performance Task. Results showed that HSAs had a smaller P3b amplitude than LSAs, indicating their weakened proactive control in the cue processing stage, but a larger contingent negative variation (CNV) on cue B as compensation for the negative effects of anxiety in the response preparation stage. No group difference was found in N2 and P3a amplitude on probes, suggesting that reactive control in HSAs was not affected compared to LSAs. In Experiment 2, 21 LSAs and 21 HSAs completed a cued-flanker task, where the likelihood of proactive control engagement was manipulated. The results revealed that HSAs exhibited motivation deficiencies in engaging in proactive control, as evidenced by P3b, CNV amplitude, and response times. These findings shed light on the impaired cognitive control pattern of HSAs and suggest that motivational deficiencies may be the crucial underlying factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cai Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guangyuan Shi
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chieh Li
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siyang Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Shangguan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bao R, Wade L, Leahy AA, Owen KB, Hillman CH, Jaakkola T, Lubans DR. Associations Between Motor Competence and Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:2141-2156. [PMID: 38769244 PMCID: PMC11329584 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor competence and executive functions co-develop throughout childhood and adolescence, and there is emerging evidence that improvements in motor competence may have cognitive benefits in these populations. There is a need to provide a quantitative synthesis of the cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental studies that have examined the association between motor competence and executive functions in school-aged youth. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of our systematic review was to synthesise evidence of the association between motor competence and executive functions in school-aged children and adolescents (5-18 years). Our secondary aim was to examine key moderators of this association. METHODS We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and EMBASE databases from inception up to 27 June 2023. We included cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental studies that assessed the association between motor competence (e.g., general motor competence, locomotor skills, object control skills and stability skills) and executive functions (e.g., general executive functions, inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility) in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years. RESULTS In total, 12,117 records were screened for eligibility, and 44 studies were included. From the 44 included studies, we meta-analysed 37 studies with 251 effect sizes using a structural equation modelling approach in the statistical program R. We found a small positive association (r = 0.18, [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13-0.22]) between motor competence and executive functions. The positive associations were observed in cross-sectional (r = 0.17, [95% CI 0.13-0.22]), longitudinal (r = 0.15, [95% CI 0.03-0.28]) and experimental studies (r = 0.25, [95% CI 0.01-0.45]). We also found that general motor competence (r = 0.25, [95% CI 0.18-0.33]), locomotor (r = 0.15, [95% CI 0.09-0.21]), object control (r = 0.14, [95% CI 0.08-0.20]) and stability (r = 0.14, [95% CI 0.08-0.20]) skills were associated with executive functions. We did not find any moderating effects for participants' age on the associations between motor competence and executive functions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a small-to-moderate positive association between motor competence and executive functions in children and adolescents. The small number of experimental studies included in this review support the assertion that interventions targeting children's motor competence may be a promising strategy to improve their executive functions; however, more research is needed to confirm these findings. Future studies should explore the underlying mechanisms linking motor competence and executive functions as their comprehension may be used to optimise future intervention design and delivery. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42021285134.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Bao
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Levi Wade
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Angus A Leahy
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - David Revalds Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Noh K, Baumgartner NW, Onbasi SI, Kao SC. The relationship of aerobic fitness with verbal and spatial working memory: An ERP study. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 286:211-234. [PMID: 38876576 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) plays an important role in daily life and is known to correlated with aerobic fitness. However, whether the relationship between aerobic fitness and WM is dependent on the stimulus modality or is associated with one or multiple subprocesses involved in WM remains unknown. Accordingly, this study utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to comprehensively examine the encoding, preparation, and retrieval processes during verbal and spatial WM performance. Eighty-eight young adults aged 18-30years were recruited to participate in two laboratory visits on separate days. On day 1, aerobic fitness was assessed by maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) during a treadmill-based graded exercise test. On day 2, participants completed verbal and spatial WM tasks while P2, contingent negative voltage (CNV), and P3 components of ERP were recorded during the encoding, preparatory, and retrieval stages of WM, respectively. Results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that V˙O2max was positively correlated with response accuracy during the high-demanding condition of spatial WM after controlling for age, sex, and self-reported physical activity. Additionally, a higher level of V˙O2max was associated with larger terminal CNV amplitude at the Cz electrode during the high-demanding condition of spatial WM. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness may have selective beneficial associations with the motor preparatory process and subsequent task performance requiring a greater amount of spatial information but not the encoding and retrieval stages nor the verbal modality of WM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Noh
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nicholas W Baumgartner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Salim Ibrahim Onbasi
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Wang F, Li J, Huo X, Zhang Y. Aerobic exercise improves verbal working memory sub-processes in adolescents: behavioral evidence from an N-back task. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17331. [PMID: 38708349 PMCID: PMC11067889 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the effects of aerobic exercise on working memory (WM) have mainly concentrated on the overall effects, yet there is little knowledge on how moderate intensity aerobic exercise impacts the sub-processes of verbal WM (VWM) in adolescents. To address this gap, two experiments were conducted to explore the influence of aerobic exercise on the maintenance and updating sub-processes of VWM. Methods In Experiment 1, a mixed experimental design of 2 (exercise habit: high vs. low) × 3 (memory load: 0-back vs. 1-back vs. 2-back) was used to compare VWM and its sub-processes in 40 adolescents. In Experiment 2, a 2 (group: intervention vs. control) × 3 (time point: pretest vs. 1st post-test vs. 18th post-test) × 3 (memory load: 0-back vs. 1-back vs. 2-back) mixed experimental design was used to investigate the acute and long-term effects of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on VWM and its sub-processes in 24 adolescents with low exercise habits. Results The results of Experiment 1 showed that VWM performance and its sub-processes in the high exercise habit group were better than those in the low exercise habit group. The results of Experiment 2 showed that the effects of the long-term exercise intervention were superior to those of the acute exercise intervention, and both were superior to the pretest. Meanwhile, it was found that aerobic exercise intervention had a greater effect size on the updating sub-process of VWM. Conclusion In conclusion, the results indicated that moderate intensity aerobic exercise could enhance the performance of VWM and its sub-processes in adolescents, and long-term intervention showed greater improvement effects compared to acute intervention, especially in the updating sub-process of VWM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingfan Li
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing Huo
- Department of Physical Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui Y, Zhang Q. Effects of age on the time course of syntactic priming in Chinese sentence production: an ERP study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad503. [PMID: 38282453 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a syntactic priming task, we investigated the time course of syntactic encoding in Chinese sentence production and compared encoding patterns between younger and older adults. Participants alternately read sentence descriptions and overtly described pictures, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. We manipulated the abstract prime structure (active or passive) as well as the lexical overlap of the prime and the target (verb overlap or no overlap). The syntactic choice results replicated classical abstract priming and lexical boost effects in both younger and older adults. However, when production latency was taken into account, the speed benefit from syntactic repetition differed between the two age groups. Meanwhile, preferred priming facilitated production in both age groups, whereas nonpreferred priming inhibited production in the older group. For electroencephalography, an earlier effect of syntactic repetition and a later effect of lexical overlap showed a two-stage pattern of syntactic encoding. Older adults also showed a more delayed and interactive encoding pattern than younger adults, indicating a greater reliance on lexical information. These results are illustrative of the two-stage competition and residual activation models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qingfang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng Q, Chi A, Shi B, Wang Y, Ma Q, Zhou F, Guo X, Zhou M, Lin B, Ning K. Differential features of early childhood motor skill development and working memory processing: evidence from fNIRS. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1279648. [PMID: 37840544 PMCID: PMC10574188 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1279648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study investigated the differential characteristics associated with motor skill development and working memory processing during early childhood, thereby providing insights for understanding motor learning and cognitive development in young children. Methods In total, 101 preschool children (age: 4-6 years) were recruited for this study. The motor skill development level and the working memory capacity of the children were assessed using the MOBAK Motor Development Assessment Scale and a block task paradigm, respectively. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging technology was used to monitor hemodynamic signals in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the children while they completed different memory tasks. MATLAB software and the Homer2 plugin were used to calculate the oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) concentration in relevant brain regions during the tasks. Results (1) The low motor skill group exhibited significantly lower accuracy during the three-memory load condition than during the two-memory load condition. Under both two-memory and three-memory load conditions, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher accuracy than the low motor skill group. (2) Significant differences in the Oxy-Hb concentration were observed in the left dorsolateral PFC (L-DLPFC), and right and left triangular part of the Broca's area (R-PTBA and L-PTBA, respectively) between the two memory difficulty levels for the high motor skill group. The Oxy-Hb concentration was significantly higher during the three-memory load condition than during the two-memory load condition. Under the two-memory load condition, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher Oxy-Hb concentration in the L-DLPFC and L-PTBA regions than in the low motor skill group. Under the three-memory load condition, the high motor skill group exhibited significantly higher Oxy-Hb concentration in the L-DLPFC, R-PTBA, and L-PTBA regions than the low motor skill group. Conclusion A close association was observed between the motor skill levels and working memory in young children, with higher motor skill levels being associated with more pronounced brain activation patterns during working memory tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanliang Zheng
- School of Physical Education, Xi'an Fanyi University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aiping Chi
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bing Shi
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qing Ma
- School of Physical Education, Xi'an Fanyi University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- The First Kindergarten of Xi'an Gaoxin, Xi’an, China
| | - Xianmei Guo
- The First Kindergarten of Xi'an Gaoxin, Xi’an, China
| | - Menghan Zhou
- Xi'an High-Tech Zone 22nd Kindergarten, Xi’an, China
| | - Bowei Lin
- Xi'an High-Tech Zone 22nd Kindergarten, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke Ning
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson KA, Petrie MA, Shields RK. Biomarkers for rapid H-reflex operant conditioning among females. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:685-699. [PMID: 36791051 PMCID: PMC10010925 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00188.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Operant conditioning of a spinal monosynaptic pathway using the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) is well established in animal and human studies. There is a subset within the human population (∼20% nonresponders) who are unable to up train this pathway suggesting some distinct or unique identifying characteristics. Importantly, females, who have a nine times higher rate of injury during human performance activities than men, have been understudied in areas of CNS neuroplasticity. Our long-term goal is to understand if innate ability to rapidly up train the H-reflex is predictive of future performance-based injury among females. In this study, we primarily determined whether healthy, young females could rapidly increase the H-reflex within a single session of operant conditioning and secondarily determined if electro-physiological, humoral, cognitive, anthropometric, or anxiety biomarkers distinguished the responders from nonresponders. Eighteen females (mean age: 24) participated in the study. Overall, females showed a group main effect for up training the H-reflex (P < 0.05). Of the cohort, 10 of 18 females met the criteria for up training the H-reflex (responders). The responders showed lower levels of estradiol (P < 0.05). A multivariate stepwise regression model supported that extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW) and H-max/M-max ratio explained 60% of the variation in up training among females. These findings support that females can acutely upregulate the H-reflex with training and that electro-physiological and hormonal factors may be associated with the up training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Young females who acutely increase their H-reflexes with operant conditioning had lower levels of estradiol. However, the best predictors of those who could up-train the H-reflex were baseline H-reflex excitability (H-max/M-max) and extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW). Future studies are warranted to understand the complex relationship between operant conditioning, human performance, and injury among active young females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Johnson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Michael A Petrie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin CC, Hsieh SS, Huang CJ, Kao SC, Chang YK, Hung TM. The unique contribution of motor ability to visuospatial working memory in school-age children: Evidence from event-related potentials. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14182. [PMID: 36094017 PMCID: PMC10078500 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the unique contribution of motor ability to visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and neuroelectric activity in school-age children. Seventy-six children aged 8.7 ± 1.1 years participated in this cross-sectional study. We assessed aerobic fitness using the 20-m endurance shuttle run test, muscular fitness (endurance, power) using a standard test battery, and motor ability (manual dexterity, ball skills, and static and dynamic balance) using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. A modified delayed match-to-sample test was used to assess VSWM and the P3 component of event-related potentials. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that greater aerobic fitness was associated with smaller coefficient of variation of reaction time (p = .008), greater muscular fitness was associated with higher response accuracy (p = .022), greater motor ability was associated with higher response accuracy (p < .001) and increased P3 mean amplitude (p < .001) after controlling for age. Furthermore, the positive associations of motor ability with response accuracy (p = .001) were independent of muscular fitness. The findings from this study provide new insight into the differential associations between health-related fitness domains and VSWM, highlighting the influence of motor ability on brain health and cognitive development during childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shih Hsieh
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Chung-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute in Research Excellence and Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute in Research Excellence and Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ludyga S, Mücke M, Andrä C, Gerber M, Pühse U. Neurophysiological correlates of interference control and response inhibition processes in children and adolescents engaging in open- and closed-skill sports. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:224-233. [PMID: 33421617 PMCID: PMC9068557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that sports participation promotes the development of inhibitory control, but the influences of the sports category and inhibition type still remain unclear. The categorization of sports based on the open-skill (externally paced) and closed-skill (self-paced) continuum allows for the integration of the environment as a factor contributing to sports-related benefits for inhibitory control. METHODS Cross-sectional data from different studies were combined (n = 184) to examine the association between open- and closed-skill sports and cognitive control processes related to interference control and response inhibition. Participants (aged 9-14 years) filled in 7-day physical activity recall protocols and completed a Stroop Color-Word or a Go/NoGo task. The N200, N450, and P300 components of event-related potentials elicited by these tasks were recorded using electroencephalography. RESULTS Partial correlations supported the belief that time spent in open-skill sports was related to higher performance on inhibition trials. Additionally, path analyses revealed an association between this sports type and a greater negativity in the N200 and N450 amplitudes in both the full sample and group-level analyses. In contrast, no relation was found between sports type and P300 amplitude. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that only the engagement in open-skill sports is associated with more effective conflict monitoring and higher performance on tasks demanding inhibitory control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Mücke
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Christian Andrä
- Department of School Sport, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ludyga S, Gerber M, Kamijo K. Exercise types and working memory components during development. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:191-203. [PMID: 35031211 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Working memory is crucial to learning and academic success. Exercise has been found to benefit working memory in late life, but its effects during cognitive development are less clear. Building on findings that working memory is supported by the motor system, we highlight the sensitivity of different working memory components to acute and long-term exercise in children and adolescents. We also consider how the specific skill demands of endurance and coordinative exercise influence this sensitivity. Distinct effects of these exercise types are further linked with neurocognitive and neuroendocrine pathways. Our review suggests long-term rather than acute benefits of exercise for children and adolescents' working memory, which are more pronounced and specific for exercise with high coordinative demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kidwai J, Brumberg JS, Marsh BM. A Neural Marker of Speech Intention: Evidence From Contingent Negative Variation. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:2392-2399. [PMID: 33684301 PMCID: PMC8758324 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated whether changes in brain activity preceding spoken words can be used as a neural marker of speech intention. Specifically, changes in the contingent negative variation (CNV) were examined prior to speech production in three different study designs to determine a method that maximizes signal detection in a speaking task. Method Electroencephalography data were collected in three different protocols to elicit the CNV in a spoken word task that varied the timing and type of linguistic information. The first protocol provided participants with the word to be spoken before the instruction of whether or not to speak, the second provided both the word and the instruction to speak, and the third provided the instruction to speak before the word. Participants (N = 18) were split into three groups (one for each protocol) and were instructed to either speak (Go) or refrain from speaking (NoGo) each word according to task instructions. The CNV was measured by analyzing the difference in slope between Go and NoGo trials. Results Statistically significant effects of hemispheric laterality on the CNV slope confirm the third protocol where the participants know they will speak in advance of the word, as the paradigm that reliably elicits a CNV response related to speech intention. Conclusions The maximal CNV response when the instruction is known before the word indicates the neural processing measured in this protocol may reflect a generalized speech intention process in which the speech-language systems become prepared to speak and then execute production once the word information is provided. Further analysis of the optimal protocol identified in this study requires additional experimental investigation to confirm its role in eliciting an objective marker of speech intention. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14111468.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Kidwai
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, The University of Kansas, Lawrence
| | - Jonathan S. Brumberg
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin CF, Huang CJ, Tsai YJ, Chueh TY, Hung CL, Chang YK, Hung TM. Resting Theta/Beta Ratios Mediate the Relationship Between Motor Competence and Inhibition in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychol 2021; 12:649154. [PMID: 34149535 PMCID: PMC8211439 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that previous studies have supported relationships between motor ability and inhibitory function, and between resting brain theta/beta power ratios (TBR) and inhibition in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little research has examined the mechanism within these relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TBR would mediate the relationship between motor ability and inhibitory function. A total of 71 children with ADHD were recorded resting electroencephalographic (EEG) data during eyes-open. Motor abilities were evaluated by Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and inhibitory ability were assessed by a modified Eriksen’s flanker task. The results of mediation analyses revealed that TBR could completely mediate the relationship between motor competence and response speed (indirect effect = −0.0004, 95% CI [−0.0010, −0.0001]) and accuracy (indirect effect = 0.0003, 95% CI [0.0000, 0.0010]) in the incongruent condition of the flanker task. This study suggests that TBR may be one of the mechanisms between motor ability and inhibition function in children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fang Lin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Tsai
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chueh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Hung
- Department of Athletics and Master Program of Sport Facility Management and Health Promotion, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin CC, Hsieh SS, Chang YK, Huang CJ, Hillman CH, Hung TM. Up-regulation of proactive control is associated with beneficial effects of a childhood gymnastics program on response preparation and working memory. Brain Cogn 2021; 149:105695. [PMID: 33515859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study focused on the effects of an 8-week motor skill-based physical activity (i.e., gymnastics) program on the contingent negative variation derived from event-related brain potentials (CNV-ERP) during a working memory task in children. Children aged 7-10 years old were assigned to a gymnastics group (n = 26) or a wait-list control group (n = 24). The gymnastics group engaged in a gymnastics program whereas children in the control group were asked to maintain their typical routine during the intervention period. Working memory performance was measured by a delayed-matching working memory task, accompanied by CNV-ERP collection. The results revealed significant improvement of response accuracy from pre-test to post-test in the gymnastic group regardless of memory demands. Moreover, significant increase from pre-test to post-test in the initial CNV was observed in the gymnastic group regardless of memory demands. Bivariate correlations further indicated that, in the gymnastic group, increases in response accuracy from pre-test to post-test were correlated with increases in initial CNV from pre-test to post-test in task conditions with lower and higher memory loads. Overall, the current findings suggest that up-regulation of proactive control may characterize the beneficial effects of childhood motor skill-based physical activity on working memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shih Hsieh
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute in Research Excellence and Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Physical Fitness, Selective Attention and Academic Performance in a Pre-Adolescent Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176216. [PMID: 32867113 PMCID: PMC7504082 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to analyze the relationships between physical fitness, selective attention, and academic performance in pre-teens. The sample here consists of 135 participants between the ages of 10 and 12 (M = 11.05; SD = 0.61), with 39.26% female (n = 53) and 60.74% male (n = 82) participants. Horizontal and vertical jump distances, speed, and cardio-respiratory fitness were evaluated to assess physical fitness. The d2 Test of Attention was used to evaluate selective attention. In addition, data were obtained regarding participant academic performance by analyzing the academic performance. The results show significant relationships between the measures analyzed, highlighting positive associations between physical fitness, cognitive functioning, and academic performance. Thus, participants who were fitter scored better on tests of attention (Z133 = −4.07; p < 0.00007, Cohen’s d = 0.75, 95% CI (0.39, 1.11)) and concentration (t133 = −3.84; p < 0.0007, Cohen’s d = 0.69, 95% CI (0.33, 1.05)), as well as having higher academic performance (Z133 = −2.84; p < 0.0035, Cohen’s d = 0.39, 95% CI (0.04, 0.75)). Cardiorespiratory fitness was the measure of physical fitness that best explained these relationships. The results suggest that maintaining and improving the physical fitness of children and adolescents may help their brain function develop better.
Collapse
|
15
|
Stuhr C, Hughes CML, Stöckel T. The Role of Executive Functions for Motor Performance in Preschool Children as Compared to Young Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1552. [PMID: 32774313 PMCID: PMC7381344 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that executive and motor functions are functionally intertwined, with the interrelation between the two processes influenced by the developmental stage of the individual. This study examined executive and motor functions in preschool children (n = 41; 65-83 months), and investigated if, and how, preschoolers cognitive-motor functioning differs from that of young adults (n = 40; 18-31 years), who served as a control group reflecting the upper bound of cognitive-motor development. As expected, performance of young adults was significantly better than that of preschool children for all cognitive and motor domains tested. The results further showed differential associations among, and between, cognitive and motor functions in preschool children when compared to young adults. While similar correlations among motor variables are found in both groups, correlations among executive functions and between executive and motor variables are only found in preschool children. It thus appears that executive functions (especially working memory) contribute more to successful motor performance in preschool years than in young adulthood. The findings highlight the importance of considering the developmental stage and/or the proficiency level of the individual when examining cognitive-motor interactions or when drawing implications for childhood cognitive-motor training and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stuhr
- Sport & Exercise Psychology Unit, Department of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Charmayne M L Hughes
- Health Equity Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tino Stöckel
- Sport & Exercise Psychology Unit, Department of Sport Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu M, Li Z, Qi S, Fan L, Zhou X, Yang D. Social exclusion modulates dual mechanisms of cognitive control: Evidence from ERPs. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2669-2685. [PMID: 32491264 PMCID: PMC7294065 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have investigated how social exclusion influences cognitive control but reported inconsistent findings. Based on the dual mechanisms of control framework, this study investigated how social exclusion influences proactive and reactive modes of control (Experiment 1) and the underlying mechanisms (Experiment 2). The Cyberball game was used to manipulate social exclusion. Eighty-six female participants (about 40 for each experiment) performed cognitive control tasks while event-related potentials were recorded. In Experiment 1, an AX Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) was adopted to differentiate between proactive and reactive control. Results showed that social exclusion weakened proactive control but enhanced reactive control, as reflected by the weaker proactive control indicators (i.e., P3b and CNV), but strengthened reactive control indicators (accuracy and N2) in excluded individuals. More importantly, in Experiment 2, through varying in whether task cues were available before or after target onset in a cued-flanker task, we further manipulated the possibility of engaging proactive control, and found the weakened proactive control could be attributed to both impaired cognitive ability and lowered motivation to engage proactive control in excluded individuals. Together, these results provide insight on how social exclusion influences cognitive control and suggest promising implications for designing effective interventions to relieve the negative impact of social exclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Xu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiai Li
- College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Senqing Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingxia Fan
- College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating moderators of long-term effects of exercise on cognition in healthy individuals. Nat Hum Behav 2020; 4:603-612. [DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-0851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
18
|
Tinius R, Rajendran N, Miller L, Menke B, Esslinger K, Maples J, Furgal K. Maternal Factors Related to Infant Motor Development at 4 Months of Age. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:90-95. [PMID: 31944825 PMCID: PMC7044786 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Exercise during pregnancy and breastfeeding after pregnancy both positively influence a number of infant outcomes. However, whether physical activity during late pregnancy and breastfeeding postpartum influence motor development in the offspring at 4 months of age is unknown. Research Aim: The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships between several important modifiable factors (i.e., maternal physical activity during late pregnancy and breastfeeding after pregnancy) on infant motor development at 4 months of age. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three women-infant pairs participated in this prospective longitudinal study. Maternal physical activity was assessed during late pregnancy with wrist-worn accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Surveys were provided to determine infant feeding practices and other variables that could influence infant motor development. A pediatric board-certified physical therapist assessed infant motor development at 4 months using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Results: Infants who were exclusively breastfed had the highest motor development percentiles when compared with those whose mothers were supplementing with or using formula exclusively (exclusive breastfeeding: 64.3 ± 20.1, combination of mother's own milk and formula: 43.5 ± 5.0, exclusive formula: 31.5 ± 15.1, p = 0.001). No associations between physical activity levels during late pregnancy and infant motor development percentiles at 4 months were found (sedentary time: r = -0.057, p = 0.75; light activity: r = -0.074, p = 0.68; moderate activity: r = -0.094, p = 0.60). Conclusions: Infants who were exclusively breastfed had higher motor development percentiles at 4 months of age than those infants whose mothers supplemented with or used formula exclusively. Physical activity levels during late pregnancy were not related to infant motor development percentiles, which suggests that physical activities do not appear to be harmful to infant motor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tinius
- Exercise Science Program, School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Nikitha Rajendran
- Exercise Science Program, School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Lauren Miller
- Exercise Science Program, School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Brenna Menke
- Exercise Science Program, School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Keri Esslinger
- Exercise Science Program, School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| | - Jill Maples
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Karen Furgal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
van der Fels IMJ, Smith J, de Bruijn AGM, Bosker RJ, Königs M, Oosterlaan J, Visscher C, Hartman E. Relations between gross motor skills and executive functions, controlling for the role of information processing and lapses of attention in 8-10 year old children. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224219. [PMID: 31648263 PMCID: PMC6812776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically investigate the relation between gross motor skills and aspects of executive functioning (i.e. verbal working memory, visuospatial working memory, response inhibition and interference control) in 8-10 year old children. Additionally, the role of information processing (speed and variability) and lapses of attention in the relation between gross motor skills and executive functions was investigated. Data of 732 Dutch children from grade 3 and 4 were analyzed (50.0% boys, 50.4% grade 3, age = 9.16 ± 0.64 years). Gross motor skills were assessed using three items of the Körper Koordinationstest für Kinder and one item of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition. Executive functions were assessed using the Wechsler Digit Span task (verbal working memory), the Visuospatial Memory task (visuospatial working memory), the Stop Signal task (response inhibition) and a modified version of the Flanker task (interference control). Information processing and lapses of attention were obtained by applying an ex-Gaussian analysis on go trials of the Stop Signal task. Multilevel regression analysis showed that gross motor skills were significantly related to verbal working memory, visuospatial working memory and response inhibition, but not to interference control. Lapses of attention was a significant predictor for all executive functions, whereas processing speed was not. Variability in processing speed was only predictive for visuospatial working memory. After controlling for information processing and lapses of attention, gross motor skills were only significantly related to visuospatial working memory and response inhibition. The results suggest that after controlling for information processing and lapses of attention, gross motor skills are related to aspects of executive functions that are most directly involved in, and share common underlying processes with, gross motor skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene M. J. van der Fels
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Smith
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne G. M. de Bruijn
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Educational Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel J. Bosker
- University of Groningen, Groningen Institute for Educational Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Educational Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marsh Königs
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Visscher
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ludyga S, Mücke M, Kamijo K, Andrä C, Pühse U, Gerber M, Herrmann C. The Role of Motor Competences in Predicting Working Memory Maintenance and Preparatory Processing. Child Dev 2019; 91:799-813. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
21
|
Ludyga S, Pühse U, Gerber M, Herrmann C. Core executive functions are selectively related to different facets of motor competence in preadolescent children. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:375-383. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1529826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dodwell G, Müller HJ, Töllner T. Electroencephalographic evidence for improved visual working memory performance during standing and exercise. Br J Psychol 2018; 110:400-427. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Dodwell
- Department of Experimental Psychology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - Hermann J. Müller
- Department of Experimental Psychology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
- School of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck College University of London UK
| | - Thomas Töllner
- Department of Experimental Psychology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| |
Collapse
|