1
|
Paniri A, Hosseini MM, Akhavan-Niaki H. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Epigenetic Changes: Novel Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1282-1317. [PMID: 37700216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the precise mechanism and molecular basis of AD are not yet fully understood. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, mitochondrial DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play a role in regulating gene expression related to neuron plasticity and integrity, which are closely associated with learning and memory development. This review describes the impact of dynamic and reversible epigenetic modifications and factors on memory and plasticity throughout life, emphasizing their potential as target for therapeutic intervention in AD. Additionally, we present insight from postmortem and animal studies on abnormal epigenetics regulation in AD, as well as current strategies aiming at targeting these factors in the context of AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paniri
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Crisóstomo L, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. A systematic scientometric review of paternal inheritance of acquired metabolic traits. BMC Biol 2023; 21:255. [PMID: 37953286 PMCID: PMC10641967 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of the inheritance of acquired traits, a foundational principle of Lamarck's evolutionary theory, has garnered renewed attention in recent years. Evidence for this phenomenon remained limited for decades but gained prominence with the Överkalix cohort study in 2002. This study revealed a link between cardiovascular disease incidence and the food availability experienced by individuals' grandparents during their slow growth periods, reigniting interest in the inheritance of acquired traits, particularly in the context of non-communicable diseases. This scientometric analysis and systematic review comprehensively explores the current landscape of paternally transmitted acquired metabolic traits. RESULTS Utilizing Scopus Advanced search and meticulous screening, we included mammalian studies that document the inheritance or modification of metabolic traits in subsequent generations of unexposed descendants. Our inclusive criteria encompass intergenerational and transgenerational studies, as well as multigenerational exposures. Predominantly, this field has been driven by a select group of researchers, potentially shaping the design and focus of existing studies. Consequently, the literature primarily comprises transgenerational rodent investigations into the effects of ancestral exposure to environmental pollutants on sperm DNA methylation. The complexity and volume of data often lead to multiple or redundant publications. This practice, while understandable, may obscure the true extent of the impact of ancestral exposures on the health of non-exposed descendants. In addition to DNA methylation, studies have illuminated the role of sperm RNAs and histone marks in paternally acquired metabolic disorders, expanding our understanding of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic inheritance. CONCLUSIONS This review serves as a comprehensive resource, shedding light on the current state of research in this critical area of science, and underscores the need for continued exploration to uncover the full spectrum of paternally mediated metabolic inheritance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Crisóstomo
- Departmento de Anatomia, UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Departmento de Anatomia, UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren C, Yan R, Yuan Z, Yin L, Li H, Ding J, Wu T, Chen R. Maternal exposure to sunlight-irradiated graphene oxide induces neurodegeneration-like symptoms in zebrafish offspring through intergenerational translocation and genomic DNA methylation alterations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108188. [PMID: 37690221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The physiochemical properties of graphene oxide may be affected by sunlight irradiation. However, the underlying mechanisms that alter the properties and subsequent intergenerational effects are not sufficiently investigate. Epigenetics is an early sensitive marker for the intergenerational effects of nanomaterial exposure due to the epigenetic memory. In this study, we investigate changes in the physicochemical properties and the intergenerational effects of maternal exposure to simulated sunlight-irradiated polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide (SL-PEI-GO). Results show that the physicochemical properties of polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide (PEI-GO) can be altered significantly by the oxidation of carbon atoms with unpaired electrons present in the defects and on the edges of PEI-GO by sunlight. First, the positive charges, sharp edges, defects and disordered structures of SL-PEI-GO make it translocate from maternal zebrafish to offspring, thus catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species and damaging mitochondria directly. In addition, changes in DNA methylation reduce the expression of protocadherin1a, protocadherin19 and cadherin4, thus destroying cell membrane integrity, cell adhesion and Ca2+ binding. The alteration of DNA methylation induced by maternal exposure activates the Ca2+-CaMKK-brsk2a pathway, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of Tau and eventually results in the appearance of neurodegeneration-like symptoms, including the loss of neurons and neurobehavioral disorders. This study demonstrates that maternal exposure to SL-PEI-GO induces clear neurodegeneration-like symptoms in offspring through both the intergenerational translocation of nanomaterials and differential DNA methylation. These findings may provide new insights into the health risks of nanomaterials altered by nature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiu Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lijia Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongji Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Tianjin Environmental Meteorological Center, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mekircha F, Fedeli D, Nasuti C, Kecies H, Gabbianelli R, Bordoni L. Early-Life Exposure to Commercial Formulation Containing Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin Insecticides Impacts Redox System and Induces Unexpected Regional Effects in Rat Offspring Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051047. [PMID: 37237913 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the oxidative impact of pesticides is most prevalent in rural environments where they are intensively used. At different levels, pyrethroids are reported to promote neurodegeneration; they share the ability to promote oxidative stress, and to induce mitochondrial impairments, α-synuclein overexpression and neuronal cell loss. The present study evaluates the impact of early-life exposure to a commercial formulation containing deltamethrin (DM) and cypermethrin (CYP) at a dose of 1/100 LD50 (1.28 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively). Rats aged 30 days old, treated from the 6th to the 21st day of life, were tested for brain antioxidant activity and α-synuclein levels. Four regions of the brain were analyzed: the striatum, cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus. Our data demonstrated a significant increase in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) antioxidant levels in the brain regions compared to the controls. Pups exhibited no significant changes in protein carbonyl levels and lipid peroxidation. Striatal α-synuclein expression was significantly reduced in the rats exposed to DM + CYP, while the treatment resulted in a non-significant increase in the other brain areas. These findings indicate unexpected effects of postnatal treatment with the commercial formulation containing DM and CYP on brain redox state and α-synuclein expression, suggesting an adaptive response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Mekircha
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia, Jijel 18000, Algeria
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Cinzia Nasuti
- Unit of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Hadjer Kecies
- Laboratory of Natural Science and Materials (LSNM), Institute of Science and Technology, Abdelhafid Boussouf, University Center Mila, Mila 43000, Algeria
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang J, Hou L, Wang J, Xiao L, Zhang J, Yin N, Yao S, Cheng K, Zhang W, Shi Z, Wang J, Jiang H, Huang N, You Y, Lin M, Shang R, Wei Y, Zhao Y, Zhao F. Unfavourable intrauterine environment contributes to abnormal gut microbiome and metabolome in twins. Gut 2022; 71:2451-2462. [PMID: 35387876 PMCID: PMC9664093 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a devastating pregnancy complication that increases the risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. This study aims to determine the combined and relative effects of genetic and intrauterine environments on neonatal microbial communities and to explore selective FGR-induced gut microbiota disruption, metabolic profile disturbances and possible outcomes. DESIGN We profiled and compared the gut microbial colonisation of 150 pairs of twin neonates who were classified into four groups based on their chorionicity and discordance of fetal birth weight. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and faecal metabolic alterations were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA and metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics, and the long-term effects were explored by surveys of physical and neurocognitive development conducted after 2~3 years of follow-up. RESULTS Adverse intrauterine environmental factors related to selective FGR dominate genetics in their effects of elevating bacterial diversity and altering the composition of early-life gut microbiota, and this effect is positively related to the severity of selective FGR in twins. The influence of genetic factors on gut microbes diminishes in the context of selective FGR. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in twin neonates with selective FGR and faecal metabolic alterations features decreased abundances of Enterococcus and Acinetobacter and downregulated methionine and cysteine levels. Correlation analysis indicates that the faecal cysteine level in early life is positively correlated with the physical and neurocognitive development of infants. CONCLUSION Dysbiotic microbiota profiles and pronounced metabolic alterations are associated with selective FGR affected by adverse intrauterine environments, emphasising the possible effects of dysbiosis on long-term neurobehavioural development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Hou
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nanlin Yin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Yao
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Shi
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia You
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyan Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu G, Su Q, Chen Y, Wu L, Wu S, Li H. Epigenetics in neurodegenerative disorders induced by pesticides. Genes Environ 2021; 43:55. [PMID: 34893084 PMCID: PMC8662853 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming major socio-economic burdens. However, most of them still have no effective treatment. Growing evidence indicates excess exposure to pesticides are involved in the development of various forms of neurodegenerative and neurological diseases through trigger epigenetic changes and inducing disruption of the epigenome. This review summaries studies on epigenetics alterations in nervous systems in relation to different kinds of pesticides, highlighting potential mechanism in the etiology, precision prevention and target therapy of various neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the current gaps in research and future areas for study were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingyan Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China. .,Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bellver-Sanchis A, Pallàs M, Griñán-Ferré C. The Contribution of Epigenetic Inheritance Processes on Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:15. [PMID: 34968302 PMCID: PMC8594669 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, epigenetic processes have emerged as important factors for many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). These complex diseases seem to have a heritable component; however, genome-wide association studies failed to identify the genetic loci involved in the etiology. So, how can these changes be transmitted from one generation to the next? Answering this question would allow us to understand how the environment can affect human populations for multiple generations and explain the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. This review pays particular attention to the relationship among epigenetics, cognition, and neurodegeneration across generations, deepening the understanding of the relevance of heritability in neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight some recent examples of EI induced by experiences, focusing on their contribution of processes in learning and memory to point out new targets for therapeutic interventions. Here, we first describe the prominent role of epigenetic factors in memory processing. Then, we briefly discuss aspects of EI. Additionally, we summarize evidence of how epigenetic marks inherited by experience and/or environmental stimuli contribute to cognitive status offspring since better knowledge of EI can provide clues in the appearance and development of age-related cognitive decline and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bordoni L, Petracci I, Calleja-Agius J, Lalor JG, Gabbianelli R. NURR1 Alterations in Perinatal Stress: A First Step towards Late-Onset Diseases? A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E584. [PMID: 33302583 PMCID: PMC7764589 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal life represents a delicate phase of development where stimuli of all sorts, coming to or from the mother, can influence the programming of the future baby's health. These stimuli may have consequences that persist throughout adulthood. Nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1), a transcription factor with a critical role in the development of the dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, mediates the response to stressful environmental stimuli in the perinatal period. During pregnancy, low-grade inflammation triggered by maternal obesity, hyperinsulinemia or vaginal infections alters NURR1 expression in human gestational tissues. A similar scenario is triggered by exposure to neurotoxic compounds, which are associated with NURR1 epigenetic deregulation in the offspring, with potential intergenerational effects. Since these alterations have been associated with an increased risk of developing late-onset diseases in children, NURR1, alone, or in combination with other molecular markers, has been proposed as a new prognostic tool and a potential therapeutic target for several pathological conditions. This narrative review describes perinatal stress associated with NURR1 gene deregulation, which is proposed here as a mediator of late-onset consequences of early life events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Irene Petracci
- School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Joan G. Lalor
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, 24 D’Olier Street, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prasad EM, Hung SY. Behavioral Tests in Neurotoxin-Induced Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1007. [PMID: 33081318 PMCID: PMC7602991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of disability around the world. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. In PD, continuous loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra causes dopamine depletion in the striatum, promotes the primary motor symptoms of resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural instability. The risk factors of PD comprise environmental toxins, drugs, pesticides, brain microtrauma, focal cerebrovascular injury, aging, and hereditary defects. The pathologic features of PD include impaired protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, nitric oxide, and neuroinflammation, but the interaction of these factors contributing to PD is not fully understood. In neurotoxin-induced PD models, neurotoxins, for instance, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), paraquat, rotenone, and permethrin mainly impair the mitochondrial respiratory chain, activate microglia, and generate reactive oxygen species to induce autooxidation and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. Since no current treatment can cure PD, using a suitable PD animal model to evaluate PD motor symptoms' treatment efficacy and identify therapeutic targets and drugs are still needed. Hence, the present review focuses on the latest scientific developments in different neurotoxin-induced PD animal models with their mechanisms of pathogenesis and evaluation methods of PD motor symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Maruthi Prasad
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R. Mitochondrial DNA and Neurodegeneration: Any Role for Dietary Antioxidants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E764. [PMID: 32824558 PMCID: PMC7466149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the mitochondrial function is essential in preventing and counteracting neurodegeneration. In particular, mitochondria of neuronal cells play a pivotal role in sustaining the high energetic metabolism of these cells and are especially prone to oxidative damage. Since overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, dietary antioxidants have been suggested to counteract the detrimental effects of ROS and to preserve the mitochondrial function, thus slowing the progression and limiting the extent of neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to their role in the redox-system homeostasis, mitochondria are unique organelles in that they contain their own genome (mtDNA), which acts at the interface between environmental exposures and the molecular triggers of neurodegeneration. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that mtDNA (including both genetics and, from recent evidence, epigenetics) might play relevant roles in modulating the risk for neurodegenerative disorders. This mini-review describes the link between the mitochondrial genome and cellular oxidative status, with a particular focus on neurodegeneration; moreover, it provides an overview on potential beneficial effects of antioxidants in preserving mitochondrial functions through the protection of mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nutri-Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: How Birth Care, Bonding and Breastfeeding Can Influence and Be Influenced? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145032. [PMID: 32708742 PMCID: PMC7404045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal lifestyle is an important factor in the programming of an infant's epigenome, in particular when considered alongside the mode of birth and choice of feeding method (i.e., breastfeeding or formula feeding). Beginning in utero, and during the first two years of an infant's life, cells acquire an epigenetic memory of the neonatal exposome which can be influential across the entire lifespan. Parental lifestyle (e.g., malnutrition, alcohol intake, smoke, stress, exposure to xenobiotics and/or drugs) can modify both the maternal and paternal epigenome, leading to epigenetic inheritance in their offspring. This review aims to outline the origin of early life modulation of the epigenome, and to share this fundamental concept with all the health care professionals involved in the development and provision of care during childbirth in order to inform future parents and clinicians of the importance of the this process and the key role it plays in the programming of a child's health.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kochmanski J, Bernstein AI. The Impact of Environmental Factors on 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in the Brain. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 7:109-120. [PMID: 32020534 PMCID: PMC7809708 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aims of this review are to evaluate the methods used to measure 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), and then summarize the available data investigating the impact of environmental factors on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in the brain. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has shown that some environmental factors, including exposure to exogenous chemicals, stress, altered diet, and exercise, are all associated with 5-hmC variation in the brain. However, due to a lack of specificity in the methods used to generate a majority of the available data, it cannot be determined whether environment-induced changes in 5-hmC occur in specific biological pathways. Environment appears to shape 5-hmC levels in the brain, but the available literature is hampered by limitations in measurement methods. The field of neuroepigenetics needs to adopt new tools to increase the specificity of its data and enhance biological interpretation of exposure-related changes in 5-hmC. This will help improve understanding of the potential roles for environmental factors and 5-hmC in neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kochmanski
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Grand Rapids Research Center, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Grand Rapids Research Center, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cherkas A, Holota S, Mdzinarashvili T, Gabbianelli R, Zarkovic N. Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020140. [PMID: 32033390 PMCID: PMC7070274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A human organism depends on stable glucose blood levels in order to maintain its metabolic needs. Glucose is considered to be the most important energy source, and glycolysis is postulated as a backbone pathway. However, when the glucose supply is limited, ketone bodies and amino acids can be used to produce enough ATP. In contrast, for the functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) glucose is essential and cannot be substituted by other metabolites. The PPP generates and maintains the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) needed for the reduction in oxidized glutathione and protein thiols, the synthesis of lipids and DNA as well as for xenobiotic detoxification, regulatory redox signaling and counteracting infections. The flux of glucose into a PPP—particularly under extreme oxidative and toxic challenges—is critical for survival, whereas the glycolytic pathway is primarily activated when glucose is abundant, and there is lack of NADP+ that is required for the activation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. An important role of glycogen stores in resistance to oxidative challenges is discussed. Current evidences explain the disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences of chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload, and provide new insights into the positive metabolic effects of intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet through modulation of redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Cherkas
- Department of Internal Medicine # 1, Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Tamaz Mdzinarashvili
- Institute of Medical and Applied Biophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0128 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Institute “Rudjer Boskovic”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moullé VS, Parnet P. Effects of Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy and Lactation on the Endocrine Pancreas of the Offspring. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112708. [PMID: 31717308 PMCID: PMC6893668 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas has an essential role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only hormone with a blood glucose lowering effect in mammals. Several circulating molecules are able to positively or negatively influence insulin secretion. Among them, nutrients such as fatty acids or amino acids can directly act on specific receptors present on pancreatic beta cells. Dietary intake, especially excessive nutrient intake, is known to modify energy balance in adults, resulting in pancreatic dysfunction. However, gestation and lactation are critical periods for fetal development and pup growth and specific dietary nutrients are required for optimal growth. Feeding alterations during these periods will impact offspring development and increase the risk of developing metabolic disorders in adulthood, leading to metabolic programming. This review will focus on the influence of nutrient intake during gestation and lactation periods on pancreas development and function in offspring, highlighting the molecular mechanism of imprinting on this organ.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R, Fedeli D, Fiorini D, Bergheim I, Jin CJ, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Nasuti C. Positive effect of an electrolyzed reduced water on gut permeability, fecal microbiota and liver in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223238. [PMID: 31600256 PMCID: PMC6786615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing awareness within the scientific community of the strong connection between the inflammation in the intestine and the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In previous studies we developed a PD animal model exposing pup rats to permethrin (PERM) pesticide. Here, we intended to explore whether in our animal model there were changes in gut permeability, fecal microbiota and hepatic injury. Moreover, we tested if the co-treatment with an electrolyzed reduced (ERW) was effective to protect against alterations induced by PERM. Rats (from postnatal day 6 to 21) were gavaged daily with PERM, PERM+ERW or vehicle and gut, liver and feces were analyzed in 2-months-old rats. Increased gut permeability, measured by FITC-dextran assay, was detected in PERM group compared to control and PERM+ERW groups. In duodenum and ileum, concentration of occludin was higher in control group than those measured in PERM group, whereas only in duodenum ZO-1 was higher in control than those measured in PERM and PERM+ERW groups. Number of inflammatory focis and neutrophils as well as iNOS protein levels were higher in livers of PERM-treated rats than in those of PERM+ERW and control rats. Fecal microbiota analysis revealed that Lachnospira was less abundant and Defluviitaleaceae more abundant in the PERM group, whereas the co-treatment with ERW was protective against PERM treatment since the abundances in Lachnospira and Defluviitaleaceae were similar to those in the control group. Higher abundances of butyrate- producing bacteria such as Blautia, U.m. of Lachnospiraceae family, U.m. of Ruminococcaceae family, Papillibacter, Roseburia, Intestinimonas, Shuttleworthia together with higher butyric acid levels were detected in PERM+ERW group compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the PD animal model showed increased intestinal permeability together with hepatic inflammation correlated with altered gut microbiota. The positive effects of ERW co-treatment observed in gut, liver and brain of rats were linked to changes on gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Donatella Fedeli
- School of Pharmacy, Molecular Biology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, RF Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. D’Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Nasuti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|