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Tan S, Pan N, Xu X, Li H, Lin L, Chen J, Jin C, Pan S, Jing J, Li X. The association between sugar-sweetened beverages and milk intake with emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Nutr 2022; 9:927212. [PMID: 35990350 PMCID: PMC9386187 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.927212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emotional and behavioral problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It's still unclear whether children with ASD have abnormal sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and milk intake and whether this abnormality will affect their emotions and behavior remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate the association of SSBs and milk intake with emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods 107 children with ASD and 207 typical developing (TD) children aged 6-12 years old were recruited for the study. The frequency of SSBs and milk intake was assessed by a self-designed questionnaire. Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed by Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Then, the linear regression model was produced to evaluate the association of SSBs and milk intake with emotional and behavioral problems. Results In the current study, there was no difference in frequency of SSBs intake between children with ASD and TD children (p > 0.05), and children with ASD consumed less milk compared to TD children (p < 0.05). After adjusting sex, age, maternal and paternal education, and monthly family income, we found a significant difference in each subscale score of SDQ in the two groups (p < 0.05). In children with ASD, higher frequent SSBs intake was positively associated with the scores of the emotional problem (p for trend <0.05), and lower frequent milk intake was inversely associated with the scores of prosocial behavior (p for trend <0.05). No interactive effects were found on SSBs and milk intake with emotional and behavioral problems (p for trend > 0.05). Conclusion In children with ASD, frequency of SSBs and milk intake was associated with the emotional problem and prosocial behavior, respectively. Children with ASD should increase the frequency of milk intake and decrease the frequency of SSBs intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengkai Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuolin Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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How providing a low-cost water filter pitcher led Latino parents to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages and increase their water intake: explanatory qualitative results from the Water Up!@Home intervention trial. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:3195-3203. [PMID: 35983682 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to explain results of the Water Up!@Home randomized controlled trial where low-income parents were randomized to receive an educational intervention +a low-cost water filter pitcher or only the filter. Parents in both groups had reported statistically significant reductions in SSB and increases in water intake post-intervention. DESIGN Qualitative explanatory in-depth interviews analyzed thematically and deductively. SETTING Washington DC metropolitan area, US. PARTICIPANTS Low-income Latino parents of infants/toddlers who had participated in the Water UP! @Home randomized controlled trial. RESULTS The filter stimulated water consumption in both groups by: 1) increasing parents' perception of water safety, 2) acting as a cue to action to drink water, 3) improving the flavor of water (which was linked to perceptions of safety), and 4) increasing the perception that this option was more economical than purchasing bottled water. Safe and palatable drinking water was more accessible and freely available in their homes; participants felt they did not need to ration their water consumption as before. Only intervention participants were able to describe a reduction in SSB intake and described strategies, skills, and knowledge gained to reduce SSB intake. Among the comparison group, there was no thematic consensus about changes in SSB or any strategies or skills to reduce SSB intake. CONCLUSIONS A low-cost water filter facilitated water consumption, which actively (or passively for comparison group) displaced SSB consumption. The findings have implications for understanding and addressing the role of water security on SSB consumption.
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Delahunt A, Conway MC, Callaghan SL, Brien EC, Geraghty AA, Reilly SL, McDonnell CM, Mehegan J, McAuliffe FM. Maternal dietary quality during pregnancy and child appetitive traits at 5-years-old: Findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study. Appetite 2022; 179:106291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Li P, Ren Z, Zhang J, Lan H, Szeto IMY, Wang P, Zhao A, Zhang Y. Consumption of Added Sugar among Chinese Toddlers and Its Association with Picky Eating and Daily Screen Time. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091840. [PMID: 35565808 PMCID: PMC9102033 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between daily screen time, picky eating, and consumption frequency of sugared foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Methods: The research data came from the Young Investigation (YI) study conducted in 10 cities in China. This study used sociodemographic information, feeding behavior, picky eating reported by parents, and the consumption frequency of sugared foods and SSBs of 879 toddlers aged 1−3 years. The relationship between daily screen time and picky eating behavior was assessed using logistic regression. The zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model was used to fit the consumption frequencies of sugared foods and SSBs. Results: In all, 13.1% (n = 115) of toddlers did not have sugared foods 1 month before the survey, while 73.3% (n = 644) of toddlers did not have SSBs 1 month before the survey. The consumption rate of sugared foods was relatively higher than SSBs (χ2 = 661.25, p < 0.001). After adjusting for social demographic information, no relationship was found between daily screen time and picky eating (OR = 1.437; 95% CI: 0.990,2.092). The ZINB model showed that, among children who ate sugared foods, children who were picky eaters ate them more often (IRR = 1.133; 95% CI: 1.095,1.172), but no association was found between picky eating and the chance of avoiding sugared foods (OR = 0.949; 95% CI: 0.613,1.471). Children who were picky eaters were less likely not to drink SSBs (OR = 0.664; 95% CI: 0.478,0.921). However, among children who consumed SSBs, picky eaters drank them less frequently (IRR = 0.599; 95% CI: 0.552,0.650). Children with a screen time of no less than 1 h/d ate sugared foods more frequently (IRR = 1.383; 95% CI: 1.164,1.644), and they were less likely to avoid sugared foods (OR = 0.223; 95% CI: 0.085,0.587). The longer the screen time per day was, the less likely children did not have SSBs (<1 h/d: OR = 0.272; 95% CI: 0.130, 0.569; ≥1 h/d: OR = 0.136; 95% CI: 0.057, 0.328). Conclusions: The consumption rate of sugared foods was higher than that of SSBs. Picky eating and daily screen time were related to the consumption frequency of added sugar among Chinese toddlers aged 1−3 years. Picky eaters consumed sugared foods more frequently and were more likely to drink SSBs. Children whose daily screen time reached 1 h/d were more likely to eat sugared foods and drink SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (Z.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhongxia Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (Z.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (Z.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hanglian Lan
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China; (H.L.); (I.M.-Y.S.)
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China; (H.L.); (I.M.-Y.S.)
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Social Science and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (Z.R.); (J.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100022, China
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Sakaki JR, Rodriguez NR, Fernandez ML, Puglisi MJ, Chen MH, Chun OK. Fruit juice and childhood obesity: a review of epidemiologic studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6723-6737. [PMID: 35225098 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2044284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a national epidemic, and many efforts have been made to understand its risk factors. The purpose of this review was to provide an updated account of the observational studies evaluating the relationship between 100% fruit juice intake and obesity in children and adolescents, and to highlight the major risk factors that may impact this relationship. PubMed and Scopus were searched for terms related to fruit juice and childhood obesity, and studies assessing 100% fruit juice intake in participants ≤ 19 years old, with obesity-related outcomes (BMI or adiposity), and published before March 9, 2021 were included. There were 17 prospective cohort and 14 cross-sectional studies included in the analysis. Overall, the evidence does not support a relationship between 100% fruit juice intake and measures of obesity in most children. There is some evidence to suggest a minor positive association in some overweight or very young children, but due to fundamental differences and limitations in methodology, further investigation is required. Significant gaps in literature on this topic exist particularly in regards to randomized clinical trials in children, and in studies in racially diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi R Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nancy R Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria-Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael J Puglisi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Alqaoud N, Al-Jawaldeh A, Al-Anazi F, Subhakaran M, Doggui R. Trend and Causes of Overweight and Obesity among Pre-School Children in Kuwait. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:524. [PMID: 34205307 PMCID: PMC8234335 DOI: 10.3390/children8060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Identifying life risk factors of obesity early will help inform policymakers to design evidence-based interventions. The following study aims to assess the trend of overweight and obesity over four years among pre-school Kuwait children, and to examine their association with breakfast skipping (BF), sugary and sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, and screen time. Children aged 2-5 years (n = 5304) were selected from 2016 to 2019 national surveys. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the World Health Organization references. The children's mothers were asked about the BF of their children the day of the survey, their frequency of SSB consumption, and their weekly screen time use. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with overweight/obesity. No significant decline (p values ≥ 0.12) was found for both overweight and obesity. Contrastingly, BF skipping, SSB consumption, and screen time declined (p < 0.0001). The BF skippers were found to have a 31% lower risk of being overweight. Daily TV watching, for 2-3 h, increases the odds of obesity by 5.6-fold. Our findings are encouraging regarding the decline in risky behaviours over time. However, more effort should be made both at the micro- and macro-level for a sustainable reduction in overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Alqaoud
- Food and Nutrition Administration, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait; (N.A.); (F.A.-A.); (M.S.)
| | - Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), World Health Organization (WHO), Cairo 11371, Egypt;
| | - Fahima Al-Anazi
- Food and Nutrition Administration, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait; (N.A.); (F.A.-A.); (M.S.)
| | - Monica Subhakaran
- Food and Nutrition Administration, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait; (N.A.); (F.A.-A.); (M.S.)
| | - Radhouene Doggui
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau–Brunswick, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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7
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Ahmeda AF, Al-Ahmadi TF, Alotaibi AF, Alshehri MA, Almousa AM, Alshehri OM, Alanazi AZ, Anweigi LM. The awareness of water intake and its correlation with BMI among students attending national and international secondary schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Libyan J Med 2021; 16:1918903. [PMID: 33899704 PMCID: PMC8079079 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2021.1918903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration is linked to worse cognitive functions and preference for beverages that are linked to obesity and other health conditions. Saudi Arabia’s hot climate can exacerbate these effects and it is important to ensure that children in the region understand the benefits of adequate water intake. To evaluate secondary school student perceptions and practices regarding water intake, investigate how water intake is related to BMI and school performance, and compare international schools to national schools. This cross-sectional study surveyed understanding and practices relating to water intake of national and international secondary school students using a questionnaire based on a random selection of schools and students. One-hundred and sixty-two students from international schools (I) and 157 from national schools (N) responded. Most were aged 16 and 17 years old (I:61.1%, N:76.5%, p = .005). The average BMI of all students was 24.9 ± 6.013 (I:23.6 ± 4.658, N:26.1 ± 6.931, p < 0.001). Students understood beverages do not replace water intake (I:80.2%, N:75.8%, p = .337) and preferred water when thirsty (I:77.8%, N:75.2%, p = .549). However, water consumption was low with more than 50% of students drinking less than 1500 ml a day (I:54.3%, N:70.7%, p = .002). A positive correlation between BMI and water intake was observed only among international school students. Students have inadequate water intake despite understanding the importance of hydration. There are some differences between international school students and national school students that can be attributed to the availability and sources of water, though other factors cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | - Omar M Alshehri
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lamyia M Anweigi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Shinsugi C, Tani Y, Kurotani K, Takimoto H, Ochi M, Fujiwara T. Change in Growth and Diet Quality Among Preschool Children in Tokyo, Japan. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051290. [PMID: 32370103 PMCID: PMC7282265 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of adequate quality and quantity in early life is essential for healthy growth and development. This study aimed to examine the association between one-year change in growth and diet quality in preschool children in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. A total of 110 participants (49% boys, four to five years old at baseline) were included in this analysis. Body mass index for age z-score (BAZ) and height for age z-score (HAZ) were calculated in accordance with WHO reference. Dietary intakes were assessed using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire for children (BDHQ3y), and daily quality score was calculated based on the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (JFGST score). Regression analyses found no significant association between one-year change in growth and diet quality (compared to a low JFGST score, BAZ: β = 0.16, 95% CI: −0.29 to 0.60 for a middle JFGST score, β = −0.14, 95% CI: −0.61 to 0.33 for a high JFGST score, HAZ: β = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.50 to 0.21 for a middle JFGST score, β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.43 to 0.30 for a high JFGST score). Further studies are needed to develop an appropriate diet quality index for healthy growth in Japanese preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Shinsugi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (C.S.); (K.K.); (H.T.)
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (C.S.); (K.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (C.S.); (K.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan;
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-5187
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Contribution of 100% Fruit Juice to Micronutrient Intakes in the United States, United Kingdom and Brazil. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051258. [PMID: 32354175 PMCID: PMC7282014 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of 100% fruit juice (FJ) to the total daily intakes of energy, sugars, and select vitamins and minerals and to the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate intake (AI) of these micronutrients was assessed in individuals reporting the consumption of 100% FJ in the national dietary intake surveys of the United States (U.S.; n = 8661), the United Kingdom (UK; n = 2546) and Brazil (n = 34,003). Associations of 100% FJ intake with the odds of being overweight or obese also were assessed. Data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014), the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2012–2014), and Brazil’s Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2008–2009) were used, and all analyses were limited to individuals reporting consumption of 100% FJ on at least one day of the dietary intake survey. Approximately 34%, 37%, and 42% of individuals surveyed reported the consumption of 100% FJ on at least one day of the dietary intake survey in the U.S., UK, and Brazil, respectively, and the average daily intakes of 100% FJ were 184 g, 130 g, and 249 g, respectively. Across the 3 countries, 100% FJ contributed to 3–6% of total energy intakes, 12–31% of total sugar intakes, 21–54% of total vitamin C intakes, 1–12% of total vitamin A intakes, 4–15% of total folate intakes, 7–17% of total potassium intakes, 2–7% of total calcium intakes, and 4–12% of total magnesium intakes. In a multivariate logistic regression model, juice intake was associated with a significant reduction in the odds of being overweight or obese in UK adults (OR = 0.79; 0.63, 0.99), and significant increases in the odds of being overweight or obese in UK children (OR = 1.16; 1.01, 1.33) and Brazilian adults (OR = 1.04; 1.00, 1.09). Nutrient contributions of 100% FJ vary according to regional intake levels. In all three countries studied, 100% FJ contributed to more than 5% of the RDAs for vitamin C and folate. In the U.S. and Brazil, 100% FJ contributed to more than 5% of the RDA for magnesium and more than 5% of the AI for potassium.
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Vanderhout SM, Aglipay M, Torabi N, Jüni P, da Costa BR, Birken CS, O'Connor DL, Thorpe KE, Maguire JL. Whole milk compared with reduced-fat milk and childhood overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:266-279. [PMID: 31851302 PMCID: PMC6997094 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of children in North America consume cow-milk daily. Children aged >2 y are recommended to consume reduced-fat (0.1-2%) cow-milk to lower the risk of obesity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relation between cow-milk fat consumption and adiposity in children aged 1-18 y. METHODS Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to August 2019 were used. The search included observational and interventional studies of healthy children aged 1-18 y that described the association between cow-milk fat consumption and adiposity. Two reviewers extracted data, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects to evaluate the relation between cow-milk fat and risk of overweight or obesity. Adiposity was assessed using BMI z-score (zBMI). RESULTS Of 5862 reports identified by the search, 28 met the inclusion criteria: 20 were cross-sectional and 8 were prospective cohort. No clinical trials were identified. In 18 studies, higher cow-milk fat consumption was associated with lower child adiposity, and 10 studies did not identify an association. Meta-analysis included 14 of the 28 studies (n = 20,897) that measured the proportion of children who consumed whole milk compared with reduced-fat milk and direct measures of overweight or obesity. Among children who consumed whole (3.25% fat) compared with reduced-fat (0.1-2%) milk, the OR of overweight or obesity was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.72; P < 0.0001), but heterogeneity between studies was high (I2 = 73.8%). CONCLUSIONS Observational research suggests that higher cow-milk fat intake is associated with lower childhood adiposity. International guidelines that recommend reduced-fat milk for children might not lower the risk of childhood obesity. Randomized trials are needed to determine which cow-milk fat minimizes risk of excess adiposity. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42018085075).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley M Vanderhout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Applied Health Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Aglipay
- Department of Paediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazi Torabi
- Scotiabank Health Sciences Library, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Jüni
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Applied Health Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruno R da Costa
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Applied Health Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin E Thorpe
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Applied Health Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Applied Health Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Paediatric Medicine and the Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Address correspondence to JLM (e-mail: )
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Gonzalez-Palacios S, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, García-de-la-Hera M, Torres-Collado L, Santa-Marina L, Amiano P, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Tardon A, Riano-Galan I, Vrijheid M, Sunyer J, Vioque J. Sugar-Containing Beverages Consumption and Obesity in Children Aged 4-5 Years in Spain: the INMA Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081772. [PMID: 31374897 PMCID: PMC6722971 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) has been associated with obesity although the evidence in preschool children is scarce. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to assess the association between obesity and SCB consumption (packaged juices and sugar-sweetened soft drinks) in 1823 children at the age of 4-5 years from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. One drink was defined as a glass of 175 mL, and the consumption of SCB was categorized in <1, 1-7 drinks/week and > 1 drink/day. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR). The average SCB consumption was 79.1 mL/day, mainly from packaged juices (80.9%). The SCB consumption was lower in non-obese children than in children with obesity, 76.6 vs 118.4 mL/day (p = 0.02). After adjusting for covariates, children who consumed >1 drink/day showed elevated odds of obesity, OR = 3.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48-6.98) compared to children who consumed <1 SCB drink a week. Each additional SCB drink per day was associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.14-2.09). Higher consumption of packaged juices, but not sugar-sweetened soft drinks, was significantly associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.09-2.15) and OR = 1.59 (0.76-3.39), respectively. A higher SCB consumption is associated with obesity in preschool children, mainly due to the consumption of packaged juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manoli García-de-la-Hera
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Basque Government, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Basque Government, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University of Oviedo, 33003 Asturias, Spain
| | - Isolina Riano-Galan
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatria. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Oviedo, 33011 Asturias, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Vioque
- Department of Public Health, History of Medicine and Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University and Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain.
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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