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Bugajska-Liedtke M, Fatyga N, Brzozowski A, Bajek A, Maj M. Anaesthetics reduce the viability of adipose-derived stem cells. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2351870. [PMID: 38779963 PMCID: PMC11123512 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2351870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are characterized by their low immunogenicity and unique immunosuppressive properties, providing many opportunities for autologous transplantation in regenerative medicine and plastic surgery. These methods are characterized by low rejection rates and intense stimulation of tissue regeneration. However, procedures during which fat tissue is harvested occur under local anaesthesia. To better understand the effects and mechanisms of anaesthetic compounds in cosmetic and therapeutic procedures, the present study used a mixture of these compounds (0.1% epinephrine, 8.4% sodium bicarbonate, and 4% articaine) and examined their impact on a human adipose-derived stem cell line. The results showed anesthetics' negative, dose-dependent effect on cell viability and proliferation, especially during the first 24 h of incubation. After extending the exposure to 48 and 72 h of incubation, cells adapted to new culture conditions. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in immunophenotype, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. The results obtained from this study provide information on the effect of the selected mixture of anaesthetics on the characteristics and function of ASC52telo cells. The undesirable changes in the metabolic activity of cells suggest the need to search for new drugs to harvest cells with unaltered properties and higher efficacy in aesthetic medicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bugajska-Liedtke
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Nadia Fatyga
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksander Brzozowski
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Bajek
- Department of Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Maj
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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2
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Getova VE, Orozco-García E, Palmers S, Krenning G, Narvaez-Sanchez R, Harmsen MC. Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells Stimulate Angiogenesis in a Scaffold-Dependent Fashion. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024:10.1007/s13770-024-00650-4. [PMID: 38976146 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) are microenvironment modulators in tissue regeneration by releasing their molecular cargo, including miRNAs. However, the influence of ASC-derived extracellular vesicles (ASC-EVs) on endothelial cells (ECs) and vascularisation is poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the pro-angiogenic effects of ASC-EVs and explore their miRNA profile. METHODS EVs were isolated from normoxic and hypoxic cultured ASC conditioned culture medium. The miRNA expression profile was determined by miRseq, and EV markers were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The uptake dynamics of fluorescently labelled EVs were monitored for 24 h. ASC-EVs' pro-angiogenic effect was assessed by sprouting ex vivo rat aorta rings in left ventricular-decellularized extracellular matrix (LV dECM) hydrogel or basement membrane hydrogel (Geltrex®). RESULTS ASC-EVs augmented vascular network formation by aorta rings. The vascular network topology and stability were influenced in a hydrogel scaffold-dependent fashion. The ASC-EVs were enriched for several miRNA families/clusters, including Let-7 and miR-23/27/24. The miRNA-1290 was the highest enriched non-clustered miRNA, accounting for almost 20% of all reads in hypoxia EVs. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that ASC-EVs augment in vitro and ex vivo vascularisation, likely due to the enriched pro-angiogenic miRNAs in EVs, particularly miR-1290. Our results show promise for regenerative and revascularisation therapies based on ASC-EV-loaded ECM hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Getova
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Orozco-García
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - S Palmers
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Krenning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Narvaez-Sanchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - M C Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Quek J, Vizetto-Duarte C, Teoh SH, Choo Y. Towards Stem Cell Therapy for Critical-Sized Segmental Bone Defects: Current Trends and Challenges on the Path to Clinical Translation. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:145. [PMID: 38921519 PMCID: PMC11205181 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The management and reconstruction of critical-sized segmental bone defects remain a major clinical challenge for orthopaedic clinicians and surgeons. In particular, regenerative medicine approaches that involve incorporating stem cells within tissue engineering scaffolds have great promise for fracture management. This narrative review focuses on the primary components of bone tissue engineering-stem cells, scaffolds, the microenvironment, and vascularisation-addressing current advances and translational and regulatory challenges in the current landscape of stem cell therapy for critical-sized bone defects. To comprehensively explore this research area and offer insights for future treatment options in orthopaedic surgery, we have examined the latest developments and advancements in bone tissue engineering, focusing on those of clinical relevance in recent years. Finally, we present a forward-looking perspective on using stem cells in bone tissue engineering for critical-sized segmental bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Quek
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Catarina Vizetto-Duarte
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- Centre for Advanced Medical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yen Choo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (J.Q.); (C.V.-D.)
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4
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Kurki A, Paakinaho K, Hannula M, Karjalainen S, Kuismanen K, Hyttinen J, Miettinen S, Sartoneva R. Promoting cell proliferation and collagen production with ascorbic acid 2-phosphate-releasing poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) membranes for treating pelvic organ prolapse. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae060. [PMID: 38903561 PMCID: PMC11187500 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) afflicts millions of women globally. In POP, the weakened support of the pelvic floor results in the descent of pelvic organs into the vagina, causing a feeling of bulging, problems in urination, defaecation and/or sexual function. However, the existing surgical repair methods for relapsed POP remain insufficient, highlighting the urgent need for more effective alternatives. Collagen is an essential component in pelvic floor tissues, providing structural support, and its production is controlled by ascorbic acid. Therefore, we investigated novel ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (A2P)-releasing poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCLA2P) membranes in vitro to promote cell proliferation and extracellular matrix protein production to strengthen the natural support of the pelvic fascia for POP applications. We analysed the mechanical properties and the impact of PLCLA2P on cellular responses through cell culture analysis using human vaginal fibroblasts (hVFs) and human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) compared to PLCL. In addition, the A2P release from PLCLA2P membranes was assessed in vitro. The PLCLA2P demonstrated slightly lower tensile strength (2.2 ± 0.4 MPa) compared to PLCL (3.7 ± 0.6 MPa) for the first 4 weeks in vitro. The A2P was most rapidly released during the first 48 h of in vitro incubation. Our findings demonstrated significantly increased proliferation and collagen production of both hVFs and hASCs on A2P-releasing PLCLA2P compared to PLCL. In addition, extracellular collagen Type I fibres were detected in hVFs, suggesting enhanced collagen maturation on PLCLA2P. Moreover, increased extracellular matrix protein expression was detected on PLCLA2P in both hVFs and hASCs compared to plain PLCL. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential of PLCLA2P as a promising candidate for promoting tissue regeneration in applications aimed for POP tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Kurki
- Biomedical Technology (TECH) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaarlo Paakinaho
- Biomedical Technology (TECH) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Hannula
- Biomedical Technology (TECH) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Karjalainen
- Biomedical Technology (TECH) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kuismanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Biomedical Technology (TECH) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Biomedical Technology (TECH) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Reetta Sartoneva
- Biomedical Technology (TECH) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wellbeing Services County of South Ostrobothnia, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
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Cheng HY, Anggelia MR, Liu SC, Lin CF, Lin CH. Enhancing Immunomodulatory Function of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Hydrogel Encapsulation. Cells 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 38334602 PMCID: PMC10854565 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) showcase remarkable immunoregulatory capabilities in vitro, positioning them as promising candidates for cellular therapeutics. However, the process of administering MSCs and the dynamic in vivo environment may impact the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of MSCs, consequently influencing their survival, engraftment, and their immunomodulatory efficacy. Addressing these concerns, hydrogel encapsulation emerges as a promising solution to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in vivo. Hydrogel, a highly flexible crosslinked hydrophilic polymer with a substantial water content, serves as a versatile platform for MSC encapsulation. Demonstrating improved engraftment and heightened immunomodulatory functions in vivo, MSCs encapsulated by hydrogel are at the forefront of advancing therapeutic outcomes. This review delves into current advancements in the field, with a focus on tuning various hydrogel parameters to elucidate mechanistic insights and elevate functional outcomes. Explored parameters encompass hydrogel composition, involving monomer type, functional modification, and co-encapsulation, along with biomechanical and physical properties like stiffness, viscoelasticity, topology, and porosity. The impact of these parameters on MSC behaviors and immunomodulatory functions is examined. Additionally, we discuss potential future research directions, aiming to kindle sustained interest in the exploration of hydrogel-encapsulated MSCs in the realm of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Chin Liu
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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6
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Sartoneva R, Paakinaho K, Hannula M, Kuismanen K, Huhtala H, Hyttinen J, Miettinen S. Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate Releasing Supercritically Foamed Porous Poly-L-Lactide-Co-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold Enhances the Collagen Production of Human Vaginal Stromal Cells: A New Approach for Vaginal Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:81-96. [PMID: 37907765 PMCID: PMC10764701 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reconstructive surgery of vaginal defects is highly demanding and susceptible to complications, especially in larger defects requiring nonvaginal tissue grafts. Thus, tissue engineering-based solutions could provide a potential approach to the reconstruction of vaginal defects. METHODS Here, we evaluated a novel porous ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (A2P)-releasing supercritical carbon dioxide foamed poly-L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone (scPLCLA2P) scaffold for vaginal reconstruction with vaginal epithelial (EC) and stromal (SC) cells. The viability, proliferation, and phenotype of ECs and SCs were evaluated in monocultures and in cocultures on d 1, d 7 and d 14. Furthermore, the collagen production of SCs on scPLCLA2P was compared to that on scPLCL without A2P on d 14. RESULTS Both ECs and SCs maintained their viability on the scPLCLA2P scaffold in mono- and coculture conditions, and the cells maintained their typical morphology during the 14-d culture period. Most importantly, the scPLCLA2P scaffolds supported the collagen production of SCs superior to plain scPLCL based on total collagen amount, collagen I and III gene expression results and collagen immunostaining results. CONCLUSION This is the first study evaluating the effect of A2P on vaginal tissue engineering, and the results are highly encouraging, indicating that scPLCLA2P has potential as a scaffold for vaginal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta Sartoneva
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland.
| | - Kaarlo Paakinaho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Hannula
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kuismanen
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology (MET), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
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7
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Sciarretta FV, Ascani C, Sodano L, Fossati C, Campisi S. One-stage cartilage repair using the autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis combined with simultaneous use of autologous adipose tissue graft and adipose tissue mesenchymal cells technique: clinical results and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation at five-year follow-up. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2024; 48:267-277. [PMID: 37656198 PMCID: PMC10766726 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate medium-term outcomes of knee cartilage defects repair by autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis combined with simultaneous use of autologous adipose tissue graft and adipose tissue mesenchymal cells, defined as LIPO-AMIC technique. METHODS The LIPO-AMIC technique has been used in ICRS degree III-IV knee defects. Eighteen patients have been prospectively evaluated during two and five years both clinically and by MRI. RESULTS Patients showed progressive significant improvement of all scores starting early at six months, and further increased values were noted till the last follow-up at 60 months. Mean subjective pre-operative IKDC score of 36.1 significantly increased to 86.4 at 24 months and to 87.2 at 60 months. Mean pre-operative Lysholm score of 44.4 reached 93.5 at two years and 93.5 at five years. MRI examination showed early subchondral lamina regrowth and progressive maturation of repair tissue and filling of defects. The mean total MOCART score showed that a significative improvement from two year follow-up (69.1 points) to last follow-up was 81.9 points (range, 30-100 points, SD 24). Complete filling of the defect at the level of the surrounding cartilage was found in 77.8%. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue can represent ideal source of MSCs since easiness of withdrawal and definite chondrogenic capacity. This study clearly demonstrated the LIPO-AMIC technique to be feasible for treatment of knee cartilage defects and to result in statistically significant progressive clinical, functional and pain improvement in all treated patients better than what reported for the AMIC standard technique, starting very early from the 6-month follow-up and maintaining the good clinical results more durably with stable results at mid-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Valerio Sciarretta
- Clinica Nostra Signora della Mercede, Via Tagliamento 25, 00198, Rome, Italy.
- Accademia Biomedica Rigenerativa (ABRI), Via Misurina 56, 00135, Rome, Italy.
- Artemisia Lab, Via Piave 76, 00198, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Luca Sodano
- Ospedale San Luca, Via Francesco Cammarota, 84078, Vallo della Lucania, SA, Italy
| | - Carolina Fossati
- Accademia Biomedica Rigenerativa (ABRI), Via Misurina 56, 00135, Rome, Italy
- Artemisia Lab, Via Piave 76, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Campisi
- Accademia Biomedica Rigenerativa (ABRI), Via Misurina 56, 00135, Rome, Italy
- Artemisia Lab, Via Piave 76, 00198, Rome, Italy
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8
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Mahmoud M, Abdel-Rasheed M, Galal ER, El-Awady RR. Factors Defining Human Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Immunomodulation in Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:175-205. [PMID: 37962697 PMCID: PMC10799834 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) are adult multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with immunomodulatory capacities. Here, we present up-to-date knowledge on the impact of different experimental and donor-related factors on hASC immunoregulatory functions in vitro. The experimental determinants include the immunological status of hASCs relative to target immune cells, contact vs. contactless interaction, and oxygen tension. Factors such as the ratio of hASCs to immune cells, the cellular context, the immune cell activation status, and coculture duration are also discussed. Conditioning of hASCs with different approaches before interaction with immune cells, hASC culture in xenogenic or xenofree culture medium, hASC culture in two-dimension vs. three-dimension with biomaterials, and the hASC passage number are among the experimental parameters that greatly may impact the hASC immunosuppressive potential in vitro, thus, they are also considered. Moreover, the influence of donor-related characteristics such as age, sex, and health status on hASC immunomodulation in vitro is reviewed. By analysis of the literature studies, most of the indicated determinants have been investigated in broad non-standardized ranges, so the results are not univocal. Clear conclusions cannot be drawn for the fine-tuned scenarios of many important factors to set a standard hASC immunopotency assay. Such variability needs to be carefully considered in further standardized research. Importantly, field experts' opinions may help to make it clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Abdel-Rasheed
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Reda Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab R El-Awady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Mahmoud M, Abdel-Rasheed M. Influence of type 2 diabetes and obesity on adipose mesenchymal stem/stromal cell immunoregulation. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:33-53. [PMID: 37462786 PMCID: PMC10558386 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), associated with obesity, represents a state of metabolic inflammation and oxidative stress leading to insulin resistance and progressive insulin deficiency. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells identified within the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. These cells can regulate the immune system and possess anti-inflammatory properties. ASCs are a potential therapeutic modality for inflammatory diseases including T2D. Patient-derived (autologous) rather than allogeneic ASCs may be a relatively safer approach in clinical perspectives, to avoid occasional anti-donor immune responses. However, patient characteristics such as body mass index (BMI), inflammatory status, and disease duration and severity may limit the therapeutic utility of ASCs. The current review presents human ASC (hASC) immunoregulatory mechanisms with special emphasis on those related to T lymphocytes, hASC implications in T2D treatment, and the impact of T2D and obesity on hASC immunoregulatory potential. hASCs can modulate the proliferation, activation, and functions of diverse innate and adaptive immune cells via direct cell-to-cell contact and secretion of paracrine mediators and extracellular vesicles. Preclinical studies recommend the therapeutic potential of hASCs to improve inflammation and metabolic indices in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2D disease model. Discordant data have been reported to unravel intact or detrimentally affected immunomodulatory functions of ASCs, isolated from patients with obesity and/or T2D patients, in vitro and in vivo. Numerous preconditioning strategies have been introduced to potentiate hASC immunomodulation; they are also discussed here as possible options to potentiate the immunoregulatory functions of hASCs isolated from patients with obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Abdel-Rasheed
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Brambilla S, Guiotto M, Torretta E, Armenia I, Moretti M, Gelfi C, Palombella S, di Summa PG. Human platelet lysate stimulates neurotrophic properties of human adipose-derived stem cells better than Schwann cell-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:179. [PMID: 37480149 PMCID: PMC10362751 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma-associated peripheral nerve injury is a widespread clinical problem causing sensory and motor disabilities. Schwann cells (SCs) contribute to nerve regeneration, mainly by secreting nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In the last years, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) differentiated into SCs (SC-ASCs) were considered as promising cell therapy. However, the cell trans-differentiation process has not been effectively showed and presents several drawbacks, thus an alternative approach for increasing ASCs neurotrophic properties is highly demanded. In the context of human cell-based therapies, Good Manufacturing Practice directions indicate that FBS should be substituted with a xenogeneic-free supplement, such as Human Platelet Lysate (HPL). Previously, we demonstrated that neurotrophic properties of HPL-cultured ASCs were superior compared to undifferentiated FBS-cultured ASCs. Therefore, as following step, here we compared the neurotrophic properties of differentiated SC-like ASCs and HPL-cultured ASCs. METHODS Both cell groups were investigated for gene expression level of neurotrophic factors, their receptors and neuronal markers. Moreover, the expression of nestin was quantitatively evaluated by flow cytometry. The commitment toward the SC phenotype was assessed with immunofluorescence pictures. Proteomics analysis was performed on both cells and their conditioned media to compare the differential protein profile. Finally, neurotrophic abilities of both groups were evaluated with a functional co-culture assay, assessing dorsal root ganglia survival and neurite outgrowth. RESULTS HPL-cultured ASCs demonstrated higher gene expression of NGF and lower expression of S100B. Moreover, nestin was present in almost all HPL-cultured ASCs and only in one quarter of SC-ASCs. Immunofluorescence confirmed that S100B was not present in HPL-cultured ASCs. Proteomics analysis validated the higher expression of nestin and the increase in cytoskeletal and ECM proteins involved in neural regeneration processes. The co-culture assay highlighted that neurite outgrowth was higher in the presence of HPL-ASCs or their conditioned medium compared to SC-ASCs. CONCLUSIONS All together, our results show that HPL-ASCs were more neurotrophic than SC-ASCs. We highlighted that the HPL triggers an immature neuro-induction state of ASCs, while keeping their stem properties, paving the way for innovative therapies for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Brambilla
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Martino Guiotto
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Lipidomics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Armenia
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-University of Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Laboratory, Laboratories for Translational Research (LRT), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via F. Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Lipidomics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Palombella
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via C. Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pietro G di Summa
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Luan X, Chen P, Li Y, Yuan X, Miao L, Zhang P, Cao Q, Song X, Di G. TNF-α/IL-1β-licensed hADSCs alleviate cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis in mice via COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:100. [PMID: 37095581 PMCID: PMC10127380 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation has been shown to be effective for the management of severe liver disorders. Preactivation of ADSCs enhanced their therapeutic efficacy. However, these effects have not yet been examined in relation to cholestatic liver injury. METHODS In the present study, a cholestatic liver injury model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male C57BL/6 mice. Human ADSCs (hADSCs) with or without tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) pretreatment were administrated into the mice via tail vein injections. The efficacy of hADSCs on BDL-induced liver injury was assessed by histological staining, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, the effects of hADSC conditioned medium on the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were investigated. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in hADSCs. RESULTS TNF-α/IL-1β preconditioning could downregulate immunogenic gene expression and enhance the engraftment efficiency of hADSCs. Compared to control hADSCs (C-hADSCs), TNF-α/IL-1β-pretreated hADSCs (P-hADSCs) significantly alleviated BDL-induced liver injury, as demonstrated by reduced hepatic cell death, attenuated infiltration of Ly6G + neutrophils, and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2). Moreover, P-hADSCs significantly delayed the development of BDL-induced liver fibrosis. In vitro, conditioned medium from P-hADSCs significantly inhibited HSC activation compared to that from C-hADSCs. Mechanistically, TNF-α/IL-1β upregulated COX-2 expression and increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. The blockage of COX-2 by siRNA transfection reversed the benefits of P-hADSCs for PGE2 production, HSC activation, and liver fibrosis progression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that TNF-α/IL-1β pretreatment enhances the efficacy of hADSCs in mice with cholestatic liver injury, partially through the COX-2/PGE2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luan
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinying Yuan
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Longyu Miao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Guohu Di
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Stage HJ, Trappe S, Söllig K, Trachsel DS, Kirsch K, Zieger C, Merle R, Aschenbach JR, Gehlen H. Multilineage Differentiation Potential of Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells from Different Sources. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081352. [PMID: 37106915 PMCID: PMC10135324 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of multipotent stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro represents an important basis for translational studies in large animal models. The study's aim was to examine and compare clinically relevant in vitro properties of equine MSCs, which were isolated from abdominal (abd), retrobulbar (rb) and subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue by collagenase digestion (ASCs-SVF) and an explant technique (ASCs-EXP). Firstly, we examined proliferation and trilineage differentiation and, secondly, the cardiomyogenic differentiation potential using activin A, bone morphogenetic protein-4 and Dickkopf-1. Fibroblast-like, plastic-adherent ASCs-SVF and ASCs-EXP were obtained from all sources. The proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation potential did not differ significantly between the isolation methods and localizations. However, abd-ASCs-EXP showed the highest adipogenic differentiation potential compared to rb- and sc-ASCs-EXP on day 7 and abd-ASCs-SVF a higher adipogenic potential compared to abd-ASCs-EXP on day 14. Osteogenic differentiation potential was comparable at day 14, but by day 21, abd-ASCs-EXP demonstrated a higher osteogenic potential compared to abd-ASCs-SVF and rb-ASCs-EXP. Cardiomyogenic differentiation could not be achieved. This study provides insight into the proliferation and multilineage differentiation potential of equine ASCs and is expected to provide a basis for future preclinical and clinical studies in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Stage
- Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Trappe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Söllig
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar S Trachsel
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kirsch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Zieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate-Releasing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Foamed Poly(L-Lactide-Co-epsilon-Caprolactone) Scaffolds Support Urothelial Cell Growth and Enhance Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Proliferation and Collagen Production. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/6404468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering can provide a novel approach for the reconstruction of large urethral defects, which currently lacks optimal repair methods. Cell-seeded scaffolds aim to prevent urethral stricture and scarring, as effective urothelium and stromal tissue regeneration is important in urethral repair. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of the novel porous ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (A2P)-releasing supercritical carbon dioxide-foamed poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds (scPLCLA2P) on the viability, proliferation, phenotype maintenance, and collagen production of human urothelial cell (hUC) and human adipose-derived stromal cell (hASC) mono- and cocultures. The scPLCLA2P scaffold supported hUC growth and phenotype both in monoculture and in coculture. In monocultures, the proliferation and collagen production of hASCs were significantly increased on the scPLCLA2P compared to scPLCL scaffolds without A2P, on which the hASCs formed nonproliferating cell clusters. Our findings suggest the A2P-releasing scPLCLA2P to be a promising material for urethral tissue engineering.
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14
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Cheng HY, Anggelia MR, Lin CH, Wei FC. Toward transplantation tolerance with adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111813. [PMID: 37187733 PMCID: PMC10175575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ and composite tissue allotransplanation have been widely applied to treat end-stage organ failure and massive tissue defects, respectively. Currently there are a lot of research endeavors focusing on induction of transplantation tolerance, to relieve the burden derived from long-term immunosuppressant uptake. The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated with potent immunomodulatory capacities and applied as promising cellular therapeutics to promote allograft survival and induce tolerance. As a rich source of adult MSCs, adipose tissue provides additional advantages of easy accessibility and good safety profile. In recent years, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from adipose tissues following enzymatic or mechanical processing without in vitro culture and expansion has demonstrated immunomodulatory and proangiogenic properties. Furthermore, the secretome of AD-MSCs has been utilized in transplantation field as a potential "cell-free" therapeutics. This article reviews recent studies that employ these adipose-derived therapeutics, including AD-MSCs, SVF, and secretome, in various aspects of organ and tissue allotransplantation. Most reports validate their efficacies in prolonging allograft survival. Specifically, the SVF and secretome have performed well for graft preservation and pretreatment, potentially through their proangiogenic and antioxidative capacities. In contrast, AD-MSCs were suitable for peri-transplantation immunosuppression. The proper combination of AD-MSCs, lymphodepletion and conventional immunosuppressants could consistently induce donor-specific tolerance to vascularized composite allotransplants (VCA). For each type of transplantation, optimizing the choice of therapeutics, timing, dose, and frequency of administration may be required. Future progress in the application of adipose-derived therapeutics to induce transplantation tolerance will be further benefited by continued research into their mechanisms of action and the development of standardized protocols for isolation methodologies, cell culture, and efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hui-Yun Cheng,
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Bellei B, Migliano E, Picardo M. Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derivatives in modern dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1837-1852. [PMID: 35102608 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-mediated therapies in combination with biomaterial and growth factor-based approaches in regenerative medicine are rapidly evolving with increasing application beyond the dermatologic field. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the more frequently used adult stem cells due to their abundance and easy access. In the case of volumetric defects, adipose tissue can take the shape of defects, restoring the volume and enhancing the regeneration of receiving tissue. When regenerative purposes prevail on volume restoration, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) rich in staminal cells, purified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or their cell-free derivatives grafting are favoured. The therapeutic efficacy of acellular approaches is explained by the fact that a significant part of the natural propensity of stem cells to repair damaged tissue is ascribable to their secretory activity that combines mitogenic factors, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components. Therefore, the secretome's ability to modulate multiple targets simultaneously demonstrated preclinical and clinical efficacy in reversing pathological mechanisms of complex conditions such atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, psoriasis, acne and Lichen sclerosus (LS), non-resolving wounds and alopecia. This review analysing both in vivo and in vitro models gives an overview of the clinical relevance of adipose tissue-derivatives such as autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, purified stem cells and secretome for skin disorders application. Finally, we highlighted the major disease-specific limitations and the future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Department of Plastic and Regenerative Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Ho TJ, Goswami D, Kuo WW, Kuo CH, Yen SC, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Hsieh DJY, Shibu MA, Huang CY. Artemisia argyi exhibits anti-aging effects through decreasing the senescence in aging stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6187-6201. [PMID: 35951373 PMCID: PMC9417221 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by functional loss of many cellular pathways, creating an increased risk of many age-related complications (ARC). Aging causes stem cell exhaustion with a concomitant increase in cellular dysfunction. Recently, interest in senotherapeutics has been growing rapidly to promote healthy aging and as an intervention for ARCs. This research focused on screening the senomorphic properties of Artemisia argyi, as an emerging strategy for longevity, and prevention or treatment of ARCs. In this study, we aimed to find the clinical efficacy of daily consumption of Artemisia argyi water extract (AAW) on aging. In vitro 0.1μM Doxorubicin induced senescent human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells was treated with different concentrations of AAW to show its anti-aging effect. 15 months old SHR rats (n=6) were treated with 7.9 mg/ml AAW for 4 weeks and anti-aging effect was evaluated. In vitro study showed the protective effect of AAW in telomere shortening and helps in maintaining a balance in the expression of anti-aging protein Klotho and TERT. AAW effectively reduced mitochondrial superoxide and also provided a protective shield against senescence markers like over-expression of p21 and formation of double strand breaks, which is known to cause premature aging. Moreover, animal studies indicated that AAW promoted the expression of Klotho in naturally aging rats. In addition, AAW successfully restored the decline cardiac function and improved the grip strength and memory of aging rat. These findings showed that therapeutic targeting of senescent stem cells by AAW restored stem cell homeostasis and improves overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Debakshee Goswami
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Shih Cheng Yen
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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17
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Schmitz D, Robering JW, Weisbach V, Arkudas A, Ludolph I, Horch RE, Boos AM, Kengelbach-Weigand A. Specific features of ex-obese patients significantly influence the functional cell properties of adipose-derived stromal cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4463-4478. [PMID: 35818175 PMCID: PMC9357603 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSC) are increasingly used in clinical applications due to their regenerative capabilities. However, ADSC therapies show variable results. This study analysed the effects of specific factors of ex-obese patients on ADSC functions. ADSC were harvested from abdominal tissues (N = 20) after massive weight loss. Patients were grouped according to age, sex, current and maximum body mass index (BMI), BMI difference, weight loss method, smoking and infection at the surgical site. ADSC surface markers, viability, migration, transmigration, sprouting, differentiation potential, cytokine secretion, telomere length and mtDNA copy number were analysed. All ADSC expressed CD73, CD90, CD105, while functional properties differed significantly among patients. A high BMI difference due to massive weight loss was negatively correlated with ADSC proliferation, migration and transmigration, while age, sex or weight loss method had a smaller effect. ADSC from female and younger donors and individuals after weight loss by increase of exercise and diet change had a higher activity. Telomere length, mtDNA copy number, differentiation potential and the secretome did not correlate with patient factors or cell function. Therefore, we suggest that factors such as age, sex, increase of exercise and especially weight loss should be considered for patient selection and planning of regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Schmitz
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burns Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan W Robering
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burns Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Volker Weisbach
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Ludolph
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja M Boos
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burns Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Kengelbach-Weigand
- Laboratory for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Wise RM, Al-Ghadban S, Harrison MAA, Sullivan BN, Monaco ER, Aleman SJ, Donato UM, Bunnell BA. Short-Term Autophagy Preconditioning Upregulates the Expression of COX2 and PGE2 and Alters the Immune Phenotype of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091376. [PMID: 35563682 PMCID: PMC9101706 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are potent modulators of inflammation and promising candidates for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Strategies to improve hASC survival and immunoregulation are active areas of investigation. Autophagy, a homeostatic and stress-induced degradative pathway, plays a crucial role in hASC paracrine signaling—a primary mechanism of therapeutic action. Therefore, induction of autophagy with rapamycin (Rapa), or inhibition with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), was examined as a preconditioning strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Following preconditioning, both Rapa and 3-MA-treated hASCs demonstrated preservation of stemness, as well as upregulated transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Rapa-ASCs further upregulated TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), indicating additional enhancement of immunomodulatory potential. Preconditioned cells were then stimulated with the inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and assessed for immunomodulatory factor production. Rapa-pretreated cells, but not 3-MA-pretreated cells, further amplified COX2 and IL-6 transcripts following IFNγ exposure, and both groups upregulated secretion of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), the enzymatic product of COX2. These findings suggest that a 4-h Rapa preconditioning strategy may bestow the greatest improvement to hASC expression of cytokines known to promote tissue repair and regeneration and may hold promise for augmenting the therapeutic potential of hASCs for inflammation-driven pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Wise
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (E.R.M.); (S.J.A.); (U.M.D.)
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sara Al-Ghadban
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Mark A. A. Harrison
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (E.R.M.); (S.J.A.); (U.M.D.)
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Brianne N. Sullivan
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (E.R.M.); (S.J.A.); (U.M.D.)
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Emily R. Monaco
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (E.R.M.); (S.J.A.); (U.M.D.)
| | - Sarah J. Aleman
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (E.R.M.); (S.J.A.); (U.M.D.)
| | - Umberto M. Donato
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (E.R.M.); (S.J.A.); (U.M.D.)
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Bladder Cancer Cells Exert Pleiotropic Effects on Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040549. [PMID: 35455040 PMCID: PMC9025060 DOI: 10.3390/life12040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies are considered one of the most promising disciplines in biomedicine. Bladder cancer patients could benefit from therapies directed to promote healing after invasive surgeries or to lessen urinary incontinence, a common side effect of both cancer itself and the treatment. However, the local delivery of cells producing large amounts of paracrine factors may alter interactions within the microenvironment. For this reason, reconstructive cellular therapies for patients with a history of cancer carry a potential risk of tumor reactivation. We used an indirect co-culture model to characterize the interplay between adipose-derived stem cells and bladder cancer cells. Incubation with ASCs increased MCP-1 secretion by bladder cancer cells (from 2.1-fold to 8.1-fold, depending on the cell line). Cancer cell-derived factors altered ASC morphology. Cells with atypical shapes and significantly enlarged volumes appeared within the monolayer. Incubation in a conditioned medium (CM) containing soluble mediators secreted by 5637 and HB-CLS-1 bladder cancer cell lines decreased ASC numbers by 47.5% and 45.7%. A significant increase in adhesion to ECM components, accompanied by reduced motility and sheet migration, was also observed after incubation in CM from 5637 and HB-CLS-1 cells. No differences were observed when ASCs were co-cultured with HT-1376 cells. Our previous and present results indicate that soluble mediators secreted by ASCs and bladder cancer cells induce opposite effects influencing cells that represent the non-muscle-invasive urinary bladder.
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20
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Avila FR, Torres-Guzman RA, Huayllani MT, Guliyeva G, Zubair AC, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Forte AJ, Sarabia-Estrada R. Human stem cells prevent flap necrosis in preclinical animal models: A systematic review. J Clin Transl Res 2022; 8:110-124. [PMID: 35382131 PMCID: PMC8977210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been proven effective to prevent distal skin flap necrosis in preclinical models. However, to appropriately translate these findings to clinical trials, the effect of ADSC of human origin (hADSC) needs to be evaluated. We hypothesize that hADSC treatment is as effective as animal ADSC treatment at preventing distal skin flap necrosis in animal flap models. Methods Three databases were inquired on August 17, 2020, to evaluate the necrotic flap area after using hADSCs in animal models of ischemic flaps. No publication status or dates were considered. Studies were included if they used hADSCs, measured the surviving or necrotic skin area of flaps, used animal models, and were in English. Studies were excluded if they did not use cells of human origin. The flap survival or necrotic area, perfusion, capillary density, vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and HIF-1α expression were extracted. Results Ten studies met inclusion criteria. The mean absolute risk reduction (ARR) in necrotic skin area was 22.37% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.98-27.76%, P<0.05) for flaps treated with animal ADSCs and 18.04% (95% CI 2.74-33.33%, P<0.05) for flaps treated with hADSCs. The difference between mean ARRs was not statistically significant (4.33%, 95% CI - 34.47-43.13%, P>0.05). Conclusion Human ADSCs prevent skin flap necrosis to the same degree as animal ADSCs in rodent and rabbit flap models. Relevance for Patients This review found that adipose-derived stem cells of human origin are equally effective at reducing the risk of surgical flap necrosis in preclinical models of small animals as autologous animal cells. The findings in this review should encourage researchers to use human adipose-derived stem cells in animal models of ischemic flaps to accelerate their translation into clinical trials and, eventually, surgical practice. The low immunogenicity of these cells should be leveraged to gain insight into the effects of the products that will be ultimately administered to patients. Furthermore, human adipose-derived stem cells' pro-angiogenic mechanism of action sets this therapy as a promising preventive measure for flap necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R. Avila
- 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | | | - María T. Huayllani
- 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Gunel Guliyeva
- 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Abba C. Zubair
- 2Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | | | - Antonio J. Forte
- 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States,3Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States,Corresponding author: Antonio J. Forte Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States Tel: 904-953-2073
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21
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Immunomodulation of Skin Repair: Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Skin Replacement (A Comprehensive Review). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010118. [PMID: 35052797 PMCID: PMC8773777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has a crucial role in skin wound healing and the application of specific cell-laden immunomodulating biomaterials emerged as a possible treatment option to drive skin tissue regeneration. Cell-laden tissue-engineered skin substitutes have the ability to activate immune pathways, even in the absence of other immune-stimulating signals. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells with their immunomodulatory properties can create a specific immune microenvironment to reduce inflammation, scarring, and support skin regeneration. This review presents an overview of current wound care techniques including skin tissue engineering and biomaterials as a novel and promising approach. We highlight the plasticity and different roles of immune cells, in particular macrophages during various stages of skin wound healing. These aspects are pivotal to promote the regeneration of nonhealing wounds such as ulcers in diabetic patients. We believe that a better understanding of the intrinsic immunomodulatory features of stem cells in implantable skin substitutes will lead to new translational opportunities. This, in turn, will improve skin tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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22
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Guillaume VGJ, Ruhl T, Boos AM, Beier JP. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:394-406. [PMID: 35274703 PMCID: PMC9052412 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem or stromal cells (ASCs) possess promising potential in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their secretory activity, their multilineage differentiation potential, their easy harvest, and their rich yield compared to other stem cell sources. After the first identification of ASCs in humans in 2001, the knowledge of their cell biology and cell characteristics have advanced, and respective therapeutic options were determined. Nowadays, ASC-based therapies are on the verge of translation into clinical practice. However, conflicting evidence emerged in recent years about the safety profile of ASC applications as they may induce tumor progression and invasion. Numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies demonstrate a potential pro-oncogenic effect of ASCs on various cancer entities. This raises questions about the safety profile of ASCs and their broad handling and administration. However, these findings spark controversy as in clinical studies ASC application did not elevate tumor incidence rates, and other experimental studies reported an inhibitory effect of ASCs on different cancer cell types. This comprehensive review aims at providing up-to-date information about ASCs and cancer cell interactions, and their potential carcinogenesis and tumor tropism. The extracellular signaling activity of ASCs, the interaction of ASCs with the tumor microenvironment, and 3 major organ systems (the breast, the skin, and genitourinary system) will be presented with regard to cancer formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent G J Guillaume
- Corresponding author: Vincent G. J. Guillaume, Resident Physician and Research Assistant, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel: 0049-241-80-89700; Fax: 0241-80-82448;
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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23
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Lee S, Chae DS, Song BW, Lim S, Kim SW, Kim IK, Hwang KC. ADSC-Based Cell Therapies for Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910586. [PMID: 34638927 PMCID: PMC8508846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently published clinical trials involving the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) indicated that approximately one-third of the studies were conducted on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). MSD refers to a wide range of degenerative conditions of joints, bones, and muscles, and these conditions are the most common causes of chronic disability worldwide, being a major burden to the society. Conventional treatment modalities for MSD are not sufficient to correct the underlying structural abnormalities. Hence, ADSC-based cell therapies are being tested as a form of alternative, yet more effective, therapies in the management of MSDs. Therefore, in this review, MSDs subjected to the ADSC-based therapy were further categorized as arthritis, craniomaxillofacial defects, tendon/ligament related disorders, and spine disorders, and their brief characterization as well as the corresponding conventional therapeutic approaches with possible mechanisms with which ADSCs produce regenerative effects in disease-specific microenvironments were discussed to provide an overview of under which circumstances and on what bases the ADSC-based cell therapy was implemented. Providing an overview of the current status of ADSC-based cell therapy on MSDs can help to develop better and optimized strategies of ADSC-based therapeutics for MSDs as well as help to find novel clinical applications of ADSCs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Dong-Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea;
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.-K.K.); (K.-C.H.); Fax: +82-32-290-2774 (K.-C.H.)
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.-K.K.); (K.-C.H.); Fax: +82-32-290-2774 (K.-C.H.)
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24
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Juntunen M, Heinonen S, Huhtala H, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, Kuismanen K, Pietiläinen KH, Miettinen S, Patrikoski M. Evaluation of the effect of donor weight on adipose stromal/stem cell characteristics by using weight-discordant monozygotic twin pairs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:516. [PMID: 34565451 PMCID: PMC8474937 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are promising candidates for future clinical applications. ASCs have regenerative capacity, low immunogenicity, and immunomodulatory ability. The success of future cell-based therapies depends on the appropriate selection of donors. Several factors, including age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), may influence ASC characteristics. Our aim was to investigate the effect of acquired weight on ASC characteristics under the same genetic background using ASCs derived from monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs.
Methods ASCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue from five weight-discordant (WD, within-pair difference in BMI > 3 kg/m2) MZ twin pairs, with measured BMI and metabolic status. The ASC immunophenotype, proliferation and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity were studied. ASC immunogenicity, immunosuppression capacity and the expression of inflammation markers were investigated. ASC angiogenic potential was assessed in cocultures with endothelial cells. Results ASCs showed low immunogenicity, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation capacity independent of weight among all donors. ASCs showed a mesenchymal stem cell-like immunophenotype; however, the expression of CD146 was significantly higher in leaner WD twins than in heavier cotwins. ASCs from heavier twins from WD pairs showed significantly greater adipogenic differentiation capacity and higher expression of TNF and lower angiogenic potential compared with their leaner cotwins. ASCs showed immunosuppressive capacity in direct cocultures; however, heavier WD twins showed stronger immunosuppressive capacity than leaner cotwins. Conclusions Our genetically matched data suggest that a higher weight of the donor may have some effect on ASC characteristics, especially on angiogenic and adipogenic potential, which should be considered when ASCs are used clinically. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02587-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Juntunen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kuismanen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mimmi Patrikoski
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Amsar RM, Barlian A, Judawisastra H, Wibowo UA, Karina K. Cell penetration and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on 3D scaffold. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO734. [PMID: 34295538 PMCID: PMC8288224 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to penetrate the scaffold and differentiate into chondrocyte is important in cartilage engineering. The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of silk fibroin 3D scaffold in facilitating the growth of stem cell and to study the role of L-ascorbic acid and platelet rich plasma (PRP) in proliferation and differentiation genes. Cell penetration and type II collagen content in the silk fibroin scaffold was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Relative expressions of CDH2, CCND1, CTNNB1 and COL2A1 were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The silk fibroin 3D scaffold could facilitate cell penetration. L-ascorbic acid and PRP increased the expression of CDH2 and COL2A1 on the 21st day of treatment while PRP inhibited CTNNB1 and CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizka Musdalifah Amsar
- School of Life Science & Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Science & Technology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hermawan Judawisastra
- Faculty of Mechanical & Aerospace of Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Untung Ari Wibowo
- Faculty of Mechanical & Aerospace of Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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26
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Induction of the CD24 Surface Antigen in Primary Undifferentiated Human Adipose Progenitor Cells by the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway. Biologics 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics1020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the murine model system of adipogenesis, the CD24 cell surface protein represents a valuable marker to label undifferentiated adipose progenitor cells. Indeed, when injected into the residual fat pads of lipodystrophic mice, these CD24 positive cells reconstitute a normal white adipose tissue (WAT) depot. Unluckily, similar studies in humans are rare and incomplete. This is because it is impossible to obtain large numbers of primary CD24 positive human adipose stem cells (hASCs). This study shows that primary hASCs start to express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored CD24 protein when cultured with a chemically defined medium supplemented with molecules that activate the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Therefore, this in vitro system may help understand the biology and role in adipogenesis of the CD24-positive hASCs. The induced cells’ phenotype was studied by flow cytometry, Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) techniques, and their secretion profile. The results show that CD24 positive cells are early undifferentiated progenitors expressing molecules related to the angiogenic pathway.
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27
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Deptuła M, Brzezicka A, Skoniecka A, Zieliński J, Pikuła M. Adipose-derived stromal cells for nonhealing wounds: Emerging opportunities and challenges. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2130-2171. [PMID: 33522005 PMCID: PMC8247932 DOI: 10.1002/med.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing complications affect thousands of people each year, thus constituting a profound economic and medical burden. Chronic wounds are a highly complex problem that usually affects elderly patients as well as patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, cancer (surgery, radiotherapy/chemotherapy) or autoimmune diseases. Currently available methods of their treatment are not fully effective, so new solutions are constantly being sought. Cell-based therapies seem to have great potential for use in stimulating wound healing. In recent years, much effort has been focused on characterizing of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) and evaluating their clinical use in regenerative medicine and other medical fields. These cells are easily obtained in large amounts from adipose tissue and show a high proregenerative potential, mainly through paracrine activities. In this review, the process of healing acute and nonhealing (chronic) wounds is detailed, with a special attention paid to the wounds of patients with diabetes and cancer. In addition, the methods and technical aspects of AD-MSCs isolation, culture and transplantation in chronic wounds are described, and the characteristics, genetic stability and role of AD-MSCs in wound healing are also summarized. The biological properties of AD-MSCs isolated from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue are compared. Additionally, methods to increase their therapeutic potential as well as factors that may affect their biological functions are summarized. Finally, their therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic and oncological wounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Deptuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of EmbryologyMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | | | - Aneta Skoniecka
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of MedicineMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Oncologic SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of EmbryologyMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
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28
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Lwin SM, Snowden JA, Griffiths CEM. The promise and challenges of cell therapy for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:887-898. [PMID: 34036569 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis has been transformed by the introduction of biological therapies. These medicines, particularly those targeting interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23p19, can offer clear or nearly clear skin for the majority of patients with psoriasis, with good long-term drug survival. However, as currently used, none of these therapies is curative and disconcertingly there is a small but increasing number of patients with severe psoriasis who have failed all currently available therapeutic modalities. A similar scenario has occurred in other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) where treatment options are limited in severely affected patients. In these cases, cell therapy, including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), has been utilized. This review discusses the various forms of cell therapy currently available, their utility in the management of IMIDs and emerging evidence for efficacy in severe psoriasis that is unresponsive to biological therapy. Balancing the risks and benefits of treatment vs. the underlying disease is key; cell therapy carries significant risks, costs, regulation and other complexities, which must be justified by outcomes. Although HSCT has anecdotally been reported to benefit severe psoriasis, sometimes with apparent cure, this has mainly been in the setting of other coincidental 'routine' indications. In psoriasis, cell therapies, such as MSC and regulatory T cells, with a lower risk of complications are likely to be more appropriate. Well-designed controlled trials coupled with mechanistic studies are warranted if advanced cell therapies are to be developed and delivered as a realistic option for severe psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lwin
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - J A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C E M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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29
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Li L, Peng Y, Yuan Q, Sun J, Zhuang A, Bi X. Cathelicidin LL37 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in vitro and Bone Regeneration in vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:638494. [PMID: 34012955 PMCID: PMC8126666 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.638494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of biomaterials have been used to repair the defect of bony orbit. However, exposure and infections are still critical risks in clinical application. Biomaterials with characteristics of osteogenesis and antibiosis are needed for bone regeneration. In this study, we aimed to characterize the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidin-LL37 and to assess any impacts on osteogenic activity. Furthermore, we attempted to demonstrate the feasibility of LL37 as a potential strategy in the reconstruction of clinical bone defects. Human adipose-derived mesenchyme stem cells (hADSCs) were cultured with different concentrations of LL37 and the optimum concentration for osteogenesis was selected for further in vitro studies. We then evaluated the antibiotic properties of LL37 at the optimum osteogenic concentration. Finally, we estimated the efficiency of a PSeD/hADSCs/LL37 combined scaffold on reconstructing bone defects in the rat calvarial defect model. The osteogenic ability on hADSCs in vitro was shown to be dependent on the concentration of LL37 and reached a peak at 4 μg/ml. The optimum concentration of LL37 showed good antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus anurans. The combination scaffold of PSeD/hADSCs/LL37 showed superior osteogenic properties compared to the PSeD/hADSCs, PSeD, and control groups scaffolds, indicating a strong bone reconstruction effect in the rat calvarial bone defect model. In Conclusion, LL37 was shown to promote osteogenic differentiation in vitro as well as antibacterial properties. The combination of PSeD/hADSCs/LL37 was advantageous in the rat calvarial defect reconstruction model, showing high potential in clinical bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunhao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyu Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyue Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Mende W, Götzl R, Kubo Y, Pufe T, Ruhl T, Beier JP. The Role of Adipose Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration and Bone Tissue Engineering. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050975. [PMID: 33919377 PMCID: PMC8143357 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex process that is influenced by tissue interactions, inflammatory responses, and progenitor cells. Diseases, lifestyle, or multiple trauma can disturb fracture healing, which might result in prolonged healing duration or even failure. The current gold standard therapy in these cases are bone grafts. However, they are associated with several disadvantages, e.g., donor site morbidity and availability of appropriate material. Bone tissue engineering has been proposed as a promising alternative. The success of bone-tissue engineering depends on the administered cells, osteogenic differentiation, and secretome. Different stem cell types offer advantages and drawbacks in this field, while adipose-derived stem or stromal cells (ASCs) are in particular promising. They show high osteogenic potential, osteoinductive ability, and immunomodulation properties. Furthermore, they can be harvested through a noninvasive process in high numbers. ASCs can be induced into osteogenic lineage through bioactive molecules, i.e., growth factors and cytokines. Moreover, their secretome, in particular extracellular vesicles, has been linked to fracture healing. The aim of this review is a comprehensive overview of ASCs for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Mende
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Götzl
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Muoio F, Panella S, Jossen V, Lindner M, Harder Y, Müller M, Eibl R, Tallone T. Human Adipose Stem Cells (hASCs) Grown on Biodegradable Microcarriers in Serum- and Xeno-Free Medium Preserve Their Undifferentiated Status. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020025. [PMID: 33923488 PMCID: PMC8167760 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose stem cells (hASCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies, but they need to be efficiently expanded in vitro as they cannot be harvested in sufficient quantities. Recently, dynamic bioreactor systems operated with microcarriers achieved considerable high cell densities. Thus, they are a viable alternative to static planar cultivation systems to obtain high numbers of clinical-grade hASCs. Nevertheless, the production of considerable biomass in a short time must not be achieved to the detriment of the cells' quality. To facilitate the scalable expansion of hASC, we have developed a new serum- and xeno-free medium (UrSuppe) and a biodegradable microcarrier (BR44). In this study, we investigated whether the culture of hASCs in defined serum-free conditions on microcarriers (3D) or on planar (2D) cell culture vessels may influence the expression of some marker genes linked with the immature degree or the differentiated status of the cells. Furthermore, we investigated whether the biomaterials, which form our biodegradable MCs, may affect cell behavior and differentiation. The results confirmed that the quality and the undifferentiated status of the hASCs are very well preserved when they grow on BR44 MCs in defined serum-free conditions. Indeed, the ASCs showed a gene expression profile more compatible with an undifferentiated status than the same cells grown under standard planar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Muoio
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Panella
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Valentin Jossen
- Institute of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Competence Center of Biochemical Engineering & Cell Cultivation Technique Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; (V.J.); (R.E.)
| | | | - Yves Harder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, EOC, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Regine Eibl
- Institute of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Competence Center of Biochemical Engineering & Cell Cultivation Technique Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; (V.J.); (R.E.)
| | - Tiziano Tallone
- Foundation for Cardiological Research and Education (FCRE), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6807 Taverne, Switzerland; (F.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-91-805-38-85
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Phenotypical Characterization and Neurogenic Differentiation of Rabbit Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030431. [PMID: 33802902 PMCID: PMC8002684 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the rabbit is a frequently used biological model, the phenotype of rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAT-MSCs) is not well characterized. One of the reasons is the absence of specific anti-rabbit antibodies. The study aimed to characterize rAT-MSCs using flow cytometry and PCR methods, especially digital droplet PCR, which confirmed the expression of selected markers at the mRNA level. A combination of these methods validated the expression of MSCs markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105). In addition, cells were also positive for CD49f, vimentin, desmin, α-SMA, ALDH and also for the pluripotent markers: NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2. Moreover, the present study proved the ability of rAT-MSCs to differentiate into a neurogenic lineage based on the confirmed expression of neuronal markers ENO2 and MAP2. Obtained results suggest that rAT-MSCs have, despite the slight differences in marker expression, the similar phenotype as human AT-MSCs and possess the neurodifferentiation ability. Accordingly, rAT-MSCs should be subjected to further studies with potential application in veterinary medicine but also, in case of their cryopreservation, as a source of genetic information of endangered species stored in the gene bank.
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Khazaei S, Keshavarz G, Bozorgi A, Nazari H, Khazaei M. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: a comparative review on isolation, culture, and differentiation methods. Cell Tissue Bank 2021; 23:1-16. [PMID: 33616792 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an available source of mesenchymal stem cells with the appropriate capacity to in vitro survive, propagate, and differentiate into cells from three lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The biological features of ADSCs depend on the donor physiology and health status, isolation procedure, culture conditions, and differentiation protocols used. Adipose tissue samples are provided by surgery and lipoaspiration-based methods and subjected to various mechanical and chemical digestion techniques to finally generate a heterogeneous mixture named stromal vascular fraction (SVF). ADSCs are purified through varied cell populations that exist within SVF and cultured under standard conditions to give rise to a highly rich resource of stem cells directly applied in the clinic or differentiated into a wide range of cells. The development and optimization of conventional isolation, expansion, and differentiation methods seem noteworthy to preserve the desirable biological functions of ADSCs in pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Khazaei
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghazal Keshavarz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azam Bozorgi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Nazari
- Department of Orofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Chemically Defined Xeno- and Serum-Free Cell Culture Medium to Grow Human Adipose Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020466. [PMID: 33671568 PMCID: PMC7926673 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant source of stem cells. However, liposuction cannot yield cell quantities sufficient for direct applications in regenerative medicine. Therefore, the development of GMP-compliant ex vivo expansion protocols is required to ensure the production of a "cell drug" that is safe, reproducible, and cost-effective. Thus, we developed our own basal defined xeno- and serum-free cell culture medium (UrSuppe), specifically formulated to grow human adipose stem cells (hASCs). With this medium, we can directly culture the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells in defined cell culture conditions to obtain hASCs. Cells proliferate while remaining undifferentiated, as shown by Flow Cytometry (FACS), Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays, and their secretion products. Using the UrSuppe cell culture medium, maximum cell densities between 0.51 and 0.80 × 105 cells/cm2 (=2.55-4.00 × 105 cells/mL) were obtained. As the expansion of hASCs represents only the first step in a cell therapeutic protocol or further basic research studies, we formulated two chemically defined media to differentiate the expanded hASCs in white or beige/brown adipocytes. These new media could help translate research projects into the clinical application of hASCs and study ex vivo the biology in healthy and dysfunctional states of adipocytes and their precursors. Following the cell culture system developers' practice and obvious reasons related to the formulas' patentability, the defined media's composition will not be disclosed in this study.
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Fröhlich E. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Products in Lung Diseases-Intravenous Administration versus Inhalation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:232. [PMID: 33562240 PMCID: PMC7915745 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of publications studying the therapeutic use of stem cells has steadily increased since 2000. Compared to other applications, there has been little interest in the evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived products (mostly extracellular vesicles) for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Due to the lack of efficient treatments for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the action of MSCs has also been studied. This review describes mode of action and use of MSCs and MSC-derived products in the treatment of lung diseases including the respective advantages and limitations of the products. Further, issues related to standardized production are addressed. Administration by inhalation of MSCs, compared to intravenous injection, could decrease cell damage by shear stress, eliminate the barrier to reach target cells in the alveoli, prevent thrombus formation in the pulmonary vasculature and retention in filter for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. There is more feasible to deliver extracellular vesicles than MSCs with inhalers, offering the advantage of non-invasive and repeated administration by the patient. Major obstacles for comparison of results are heterogeneity of the products, differences in the treatment protocols and small study cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; ; Tel.: +43-316-385-73011
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Additive Behavioral Improvement after Combined Cell Therapy and Rehabilitation Despite Long-Term Microglia Presence in Stroke Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041512. [PMID: 33546370 PMCID: PMC7913568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are involved in the post-stroke immunomodulation of brain plasticity, repair, and reorganization. Here, we evaluated whether adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and/or rehabilitation improve behavioral recovery by modulating long-term perilesional inflammation and creating a recovery-permissive environment in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Methods: A two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction was used to assess the immunomodulatory capacity of ADMSCs in vitro. Two or 7 days after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), rats were intravenously administered ADMSCs or vehicle and housed in a standard or enriched environment (EE). Behavioral performance was assessed with a cylinder test, then we performed stereological and ImageJ/Fiji quantifications of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) cells and blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Results: Human ADMSCs were immunosuppressive in vitro. The cylinder test showed partial spontaneous behavioral recovery of pMCAO rats, which was further improved by combined ADMSCs and housing in EE on days 21 and 42 (p < 0.05). We detected an ischemia-induced increase in numbers, staining intensity, and branch length of Iba1+ microglia/macrophages as well as BBB leakage in the perilesional cortex. However, these were not different among pMCAO groups. Conclusion: Combined cell therapy and rehabilitation additively improved behavioral outcome despite long-term perilesional microglia presence in stroke rats.
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Development of a Biodegradable Microcarrier for the Cultivation of Human Adipose Stem Cells (hASCs) with a Defined Xeno- and Serum-Free Medium. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stirred single-use bioreactors in combination with microcarriers (MCs) have established themselves as a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of current and future cell therapeutic markets. However, most of the published processes have been performed using fetal bovine serum (FBS) containing cell culture medium and non-biocompatible MCs. This approach has two significant drawbacks: firstly, the inevitable potential risks associated with the use of FBS for clinical applications; secondly, non-biocompatible MCs have to be removed from the cell suspension before implantation, requiring a step that causes loss of viable cells and adds further costs and complications. This study aimed to develop a new platform based on a chemically defined xeno- and serum-free cell culture medium and biodegradable MC that can support the growth of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) while still preserving their undifferentiated status. A specific combination of components and manufacturing parameters resulted in a MC prototype, called “BR44”, which delivered the desired functionality. MC BR44 allows the hASCs to stick to its surface and grow in a chemically defined xeno- and serum-free medium (UrSuppe). Although the cells’ expansion rate was not as high as with a commercial non-biodegradable standard MC, those cultured on BR44 maintained a better undifferentiated status in both static and dynamic conditions than those cultured on traditional 2D surfaces.
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38
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Mamsen FP, Munthe-Fog L, Kring MKM, Duscher D, Taudorf M, Katz AJ, Kølle SFT. Differences of embedding adipose-derived stromal cells in natural and synthetic scaffolds for dermal and subcutaneous delivery. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:68. [PMID: 33468240 PMCID: PMC7814704 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have been heavily studied for soft tissue regeneration, augmentation, and dermal wound healing. Methods In this review, we investigated the trends in injectable scaffolds for ASC delivery in the dermis, and injectable or implantable scaffolds for ASC delivery in the subcutis. A total of 547 articles were screened across three databases; of these, 22 studies were found to be eligible and were included. The scaffolds were subdivided and analyzed based on their tissue placement (dermis or subcutis), delivery method (injected or implanted), and by the origin of the materials (natural, synthetic, and combinatory). Results ASCs embedded in scaffolds generally showed improved viability. Neovascularization in the transplanted tissue was greater when undifferentiated ASCs were embedded in a combinatory scaffold or if differentiated ASCs were embedded in a natural scaffold. ASCs embedded in natural materials underwent more adipogenic differentiation than ASCs embedded in synthetic scaffolds, indicating an etiologically unknown difference that has yet to be described. Increased mechanical strength of the scaffold material correlated with improved outcome measurements in the investigated studies. Wound healing studies reported reduced healing time in all except one article due to contraction of the control wounds. Conclusions In future clinical trials, we recommend embedding ASCs in injectable and implantable scaffolds for enhanced protection, retained viability, and improved therapeutic effects. Trial registration This review was registered with PROSPERO: ID=CRD42020171534. Graphical abstract The use of scaffolds as a vehicle for ASC delivery generally improved cell viability, angiogenesis, and wound healing in vivo compared to utilizing ASCs alone. ASCs embedded in natural materials induced more adipogenesis than ASCs embedded in synthetic materials. Adipogenic-induced ASCs further increased this effect. The included studies indicate that the seeded scaffold material influences the differentiation of ASCs in vivo. All studies investigating the mechanical strength of ASC scaffolds reported improved outcome measurements with improved mechanical strength. The results suggest that scaffolds, in general, are favorable for ASC delivery. We recommend initiating clinical studies using scaffolds based on mechanical properties and tunability to improve ASC viability. For fat regeneration, natural scaffolds are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Penzien Mamsen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Stemform, Gyngemose Parkvej 74, DK-2860, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lea Munthe-Fog
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Stemform, Gyngemose Parkvej 74, DK-2860, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikkel Taudorf
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam J Katz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Martínez-Aguilar R, Romero-Pinedo S, Ruiz-Magaña MJ, Olivares EG, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Abadía-Molina AC. Menstrual blood-derived stromal cells modulate functional properties of mouse and human macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21389. [PMID: 33288796 PMCID: PMC7721726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs) are emerging as a strong candidate for cell-based therapies due to their immunomodulatory properties. However, their direct impact on innate immune populations remains elusive. Since macrophages play a key role in the onset and development of inflammation, understanding MenSCs implication in the functional properties of these cells is required to refine their clinical effects during the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In this study, we assessed the effects that MenSCs had on the recruitment of macrophages and other innate immune cells in two mouse models of acute inflammation, a thioglycollate (TGC)-elicited peritonitis model and a monobacterial sepsis model. We found that, in the TGC model, MenSCs injection reduced the percentage of macrophages recruited to the peritoneum and promoted the generation of peritoneal immune cell aggregates. In the sepsis model, MenSCs exacerbated infection by diminishing the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils to the site of infection and inducing defective bacterial clearance. Additional in vitro studies confirmed that co-culture with MenSCs impaired macrophage bactericidal properties, affecting bacterial killing and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. Our findings suggest that MenSCs modulate the macrophage population and that this modulation must be taken into consideration when it comes to future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M José Ruiz-Magaña
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, CIBM, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique G Olivares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, CIBM, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana C Abadía-Molina
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, CIBM, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Ofiteru AM, Becheru DF, Gharbia S, Balta C, Herman H, Mladin B, Ionita M, Hermenean A, Burns JS. Qualifying Osteogenic Potency Assay Metrics for Human Multipotent Stromal Cells: TGF-β2 a Telling Eligible Biomarker. Cells 2020; 9:E2559. [PMID: 33260388 PMCID: PMC7760953 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Potency assays are critical for regenerative medicine, addressing the known challenge of functional heterogeneity among human multipotent stromal cells (hMSC). Necessary laboratory cell expansion allows analysis before implantation in the patient. Levels of induction of five signature gene biomarkers, ALPL, COL1A2, DCN, ELN and RUNX2, constituted a previously reported proof-of-principle osteogenic potency assay. We tested assay modification to enhance reproducibility using six consistent bone marrow derived hBM-MSC and explored applicability to three adipose tissue derived hAT-MSC. Using a potent proprietary osteogenic induction factor, the GUSB/YWAHZ reference gene pair provided real time PCR consistency. The novel assay conditions supported the concept that genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins one week after osteogenic induction were informative. Nonetheless, relatively low induction of COL1A2 and ELN encouraged search for additional biomarkers. TGFB2 mRNA induction, important for osteogenic commitment, was readily quantifiable in both hBM-MSC and hAT-MSC. Combined with DCN, TGFB2 mRNA induction data provided discriminatory power for resolving donor-specific heterogeneity. Histomorphometric decorin and TGF-β2 protein expression patterns in eight-week heterotopic bone implants also discriminated the two non-bone-forming hMSC. We highlight progress towards prompt osteogenic potency assays, needed by current clinical trials to accelerate improved intervention with enhanced stem cell therapy for serious bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin M. Ofiteru
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.F.B.); (M.I.)
| | - Diana F. Becheru
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.F.B.); (M.I.)
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sami Gharbia
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Cornel Balta
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Hildegard Herman
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Bianca Mladin
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.F.B.); (M.I.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (S.G.); (C.B.); (H.H.); (B.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Jorge S. Burns
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.F.B.); (M.I.)
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Ruhl T, Schneider PA, Kim BS, Beier JP. Endocannabinoids increase human adipose stem cell differentiation and growth factor secretion in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 15:88-98. [PMID: 33459498 DOI: 10.1002/term.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) possess the capacity to proliferate, to differentiate into various cells types, and they are able to secrete growth factors. These characteristics are supposed to contribute to their potential for regenerative medicine approaches. In order to advance the therapeutic effects of ASCs, different modulatory procedures have been examined. In this context, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents an interesting possibility, since the increased availability of cannabinoids and the underlying molecular pathways of the ECS are of relevance for the development of new regenerative strategies. The effects of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) were investigated on ASC metabolic activity, quantified by PrestoBlue conversion, and cell numbers, evaluated by crystal violet staining. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measures were performed to determine cytokine release, and differentiation was assessed by specific labeling techniques. AEA increased the metabolic activity, while 2-AG decreased it in a concentration dependent manner. AEA significantly enhanced OilRed O staining after adipogenic differentiation by over 100%, and both compounds significantly increased cresolphthalein staining after osteogenic differentiation. By contrast, they did not affect sphere diameter or safranin O staining after chondrogenic differentiation. Both substances significantly increased the release of insulin-like growth factor-1 and hepatocyte growth factor, while only AEA enhanced transforming growth factor-β secretion. The results demonstrated that stimulating the ECS exerted significant effects on the biology of ASCs. Exposure to endocannabinoids modulated viability, induced release of regenerative growth factors, and promoted adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Our findings could be of specific relevance in ASC based therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pia-Alina Schneider
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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42
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Trivisonno A, Nachira D, Boškoski I, Porziella V, Di Rocco G, Baldari S, Toietta G. Regenerative medicine approaches for the management of respiratory tract fistulas. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:451. [PMID: 33097096 PMCID: PMC7583298 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract fistulas (or fistulae) are abnormal communications between the respiratory system and the digestive tract or the adjacent organs. The origin can be congenital or, more frequently, iatrogenic and the clinical presentation is heterogeneous. Respiratory tract fistulas can lead to severely reduced health-related quality of life and short survival. Therapy mainly relies on endoscopic surgical interventions but patients often require prolonged hospitalization and may develop complications. Therefore, more conservative regenerative medicine approaches, mainly based on lipotransfer, have also been investigated. Adipose tissue can be delivered either as unprocessed tissue, or after enzymatic treatment to derive the cellular stromal vascular fraction. In the current narrative review, we provide an overview of the main tissue/cell-based clinical studies for the management of various types of respiratory tract fistulas or injuries. Clinical experience is limited, as most of the studies were performed on a small number of patients. Albeit a conclusive proof of efficacy cannot be drawn, the reviewed studies suggest that grafting of adipose tissue-derived material may represent a minimally invasive and conservative treatment option, alternative to more aggressive surgical procedures. Knowledge on safety and tolerability acquired in prior studies can lead to the design of future, larger trials that may exploit innovative procedures for tissue processing to further improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Trivisonno
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Dania Nachira
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Boškoski
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Venanzio Porziella
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Di Rocco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Baldari
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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43
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Quan M, Kuang S. Exosomal Secretion of Adipose Tissue during Various Physiological States. Pharm Res 2020; 37:221. [PMID: 33063193 PMCID: PMC7953939 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted extracellular vesicles containing a wide array of biologically active components. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes serve as an important vehicle for extracellular communication and exert systemic effects on the physiology of organisms. Adipose tissues (ATs) play a key role in balancing systemic energy homeostasis as a central hub for fatty acid metabolism. At the same time, proper endocrine function of ATs has also been shown to be crucial for regulating physiological and metabolic health. The endocrine function of ATs is partially mediated by AT-derived exosomes that regulate metabolic homeostasis, such as insulin signaling, lipolysis, and inflammation. During the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer, exosomes shed by the resident cells in ATs may also have a role in regulating the progression of these diseases along with associated pathologies. In this review, we summarize the contents of AT-derived exosomes and their effects on various cell populations along with possible underlying molecular mechanisms. We further discuss the potential applications of exosomes as a drug delivery tool and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menchus Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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44
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Wise RM, Harrison MAA, Sullivan BN, Al-Ghadban S, Aleman SJ, Vinluan AT, Monaco ER, Donato UM, Pursell IA, Bunnell BA. Short-Term Rapamycin Preconditioning Diminishes Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2218. [PMID: 33008073 PMCID: PMC7600854 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) show immense promise for treating inflammatory diseases, attributed primarily to their potent paracrine signaling. Previous investigations demonstrated that short-term Rapamycin preconditioning of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) elevated secretion of prostaglandin E2, a pleiotropic molecule with therapeutic effects in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and enhanced immunosuppressive capacity in vitro. However, this has yet to be examined in ASCs. The present study examined the therapeutic potential of short-term Rapamycin-preconditioned ASCs in the EAE model. Animals were treated at peak disease with control ASCs (EAE-ASCs), Rapa-preconditioned ASCs (EAE-Rapa-ASCs), or vehicle control (EAE). Results show that EAE-ASCs improved clinical disease scores and elevated intact myelin compared to both EAE and EAE-Rapa-ASC animals. These results correlated with augmented CD4+ T helper (Th) and T regulatory (Treg) cell populations in the spinal cord, and increased gene expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Conversely, EAE-Rapa-ASC mice showed no improvement in clinical disease scores, reduced myelin levels, and significantly less Th and Treg cells in the spinal cord. These findings suggest that short-term Rapamycin preconditioning reduces the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs when applied to late-stage EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Wise
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (S.J.A.); (A.T.V.); (E.R.M.); (U.M.D.)
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.A.-G.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Mark A. A. Harrison
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (S.J.A.); (A.T.V.); (E.R.M.); (U.M.D.)
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.A.-G.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Brianne N. Sullivan
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (S.J.A.); (A.T.V.); (E.R.M.); (U.M.D.)
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.A.-G.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Sara Al-Ghadban
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.A.-G.); (I.A.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sarah J. Aleman
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (S.J.A.); (A.T.V.); (E.R.M.); (U.M.D.)
| | - Amber T. Vinluan
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (S.J.A.); (A.T.V.); (E.R.M.); (U.M.D.)
| | - Emily R. Monaco
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (S.J.A.); (A.T.V.); (E.R.M.); (U.M.D.)
| | - Umberto M. Donato
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Science & Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.M.W.); (M.A.A.H.); (B.N.S.); (S.J.A.); (A.T.V.); (E.R.M.); (U.M.D.)
| | - India A. Pursell
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.A.-G.); (I.A.P.)
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (S.A.-G.); (I.A.P.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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45
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Najar M, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Fahmi H. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunology for Efficient and Safe Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567813. [PMID: 33072752 PMCID: PMC7536322 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy represents a promising approach for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). MSCs can be readily isolated from multiple sources and expanded ex vivo for possible clinical application. They possess a unique immunological profile and regulatory machinery that underline their therapeutic effects. They also have the capacity to sense the changes within the tissue environment to display the adequate response. Indeed, there is a close interaction between MSCs and the host cells. Accordingly, MSCs demonstrate encouraging results for a variety of diseases including OA. However, their effectiveness needs to be improved. In this review, we selected to discuss the importance of the immunological features of MSCs, including the type of transplantation and the immune and blood compatibility. It is important to consider MSC immune evasive rather than immune privileged. We also highlighted some of the actions/mechanisms that are displayed during tissue healing including the response of MSCs to injury signals, their interaction with the immune system, and the impact of their lifespan. Finally, we briefly summarized the results of clinical studies reporting on the application of MSCs for the treatment of OA. The research field of MSCs is inspiring and innovative but requires more knowledge about the immunobiological properties of these cells. A better understanding of these features will be key for developing a safe and efficient medicinal product for clinical use in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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46
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Yagi H, Chen AF, Hirsch D, Rothenberg AC, Tan J, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells against Staphylococcus aureus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:293. [PMID: 32680544 PMCID: PMC7367313 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There have been limited advances in the treatment of bone and joint infections, which currently involves a combination of surgery and antibiotic administration. There is a timely need in orthopedics to develop more effective and less invasive forms of antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment. The antibacterial effect of adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has recently been investigated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The main mechanism of action is postulated to be via MSC production of the cationic antimicrobial peptide, LL-37. Methods This study examines the antimicrobial activity of adipose-derived human MSCs (ASCs) on S. aureus, specifically examining the role of LL-37 and regulation of its expression. Bacteria colony-forming unit (CFU) assay was used to assess antimicrobial activity. Results Our results showed that the ASC-conditioned medium significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus under standard culture conditions with or without the continued presence of ASCs. Also, the treatment of ASCs with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 elevated LL-37 expression and enhanced their antimicrobial activity. In support, treatment with the vitamin D receptor inhibitor, GW0742, blocked the antimicrobial activity of ASCs. Conclusion Our findings clearly demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of adult ASCs against S. aureus and implicate a key regulatory role for vitamin D. Further testing in in vivo models is being pursued to assess the potential application of ASCs as a biocompatible, adjunct treatment for musculoskeletal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Yagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Present address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hirsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Adam C Rothenberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Present addresses: EvergreenHealth Orthopedic & Sports Care, Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. .,Present address The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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47
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Zhang C, Zhao C, Chen X, Tao R, Wang S, Meng G, Liu X, Shao C, Su X. Induction of ASC pyroptosis requires gasdermin D or caspase-1/11-dependent mediators and IFNβ from pyroptotic macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:470. [PMID: 32555186 PMCID: PMC7303158 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in cell-based therapies for a variety of disorders. Some factors such as inflammatory mediators in the diseased area might damage the survival of MSCs and affect their efficacy. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis as a response for immune cells to cytosolic pathogenic stimuli. Whether MSCs develop pyroptosis under pathological stimulation, its underlying mechanism and biological significance are still unclear. Here, we found that LPS, flagellin, dsDNA, nigericin (NIG), or LPS combined with nigericin (LPS/NIG) could not induce pyroptosis in adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). However, when applied the culture media collected from LPS/NIG-induced pyroptotic bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to incubate ASCs, ASCs developed pyroptosis. Inhibition of caspases or deletion of Caspase-1/11 in ASCs did not affect the pyroptotic macrophage media-triggered ASC pyroptosis while ablation of Caspase-1/11 abolished BMDM pyroptosis induced by LPS/NIG. Media collected from LPS/NIG stimulated Gsdmd−/− or Caspase-1/11−/− BMDMs could not induce pyroptosis of ASCs. In addition, RNA-seq analysis showed that interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes were upregulated in pyroptotic ASCs. Adding IFNβ could boost LPS/NIG stimulated BMDM media-induced ASC pyroptosis. Surprisingly, the pyroptotic ASCs had a lower bactericidal ability to P. Aeruginosa. Taken together, induction of ASC pyroptosis requires gasdermin D or caspase-1/11-dependent mediators and IFNβ from pyroptotic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 361015, Xiamen, China
| | - Caiqi Zhao
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Rujia Tao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijiao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 361015, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Unit of Innate Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Unit of Anti-Infective Immunity and Immune Diseases, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzhou Shao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 361015, Xiamen, China.
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China.
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48
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Ntege EH, Sunami H, Shimizu Y. Advances in regenerative therapy: A review of the literature and future directions. Regen Ther 2020; 14:136-153. [PMID: 32110683 PMCID: PMC7033303 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is enormous global anticipation for stem cell-based therapies that are safe and effective. Numerous pre-clinical studies present encouraging results on the therapeutic potential of different cell types including tissue derived stem cells. Emerging evidences in different fields of research suggest several cell types are safe, whereas their therapeutic application and effectiveness remain challenged. Multiple factors that influence treatment outcomes are proposed including immunocompatibility and potency, owing to variations in tissue origin, ex-vivo methodologies for preparation and handling of the cells. This communication gives an overview of literature data on the different types of cells that are potentially promising for regenerative therapy. As a case in point, the recent trends in research and development of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy are considered in detail. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues and organs in the human body including bone marrow, adipose, synovium, and perinatal tissues. However, MSC products from the different tissue sources exhibit unique or varied levels of regenerative abilities. The review finally focuses on adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs), with the unique properties such as easier accessibility and abundance, excellent proliferation and differentiation capacities, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory and many other trophic properties. The suitability and application of the ASCs, and strategies to improve the innate regenerative capacities of stem cells in general are highlighted among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
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49
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Lavrador P, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Mechanochemical Patternable ECM-Mimetic Hydrogels for Programmed Cell Orientation. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901860. [PMID: 32323469 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Native human tissues are supported by a viscoelastic extracellular matrix (ECM) that can adapt its intricate network to dynamic mechanical stimuli. To recapitulate the unique ECM biofunctionality, hydrogel design is shifting from typical covalent crosslinks toward covalently adaptable networks. To pursue such properties, herein hybrid polysaccharide-polypeptide networks are designed based on dynamic covalent assembly inspired by natural ECM crosslinking processes. This is achieved through the synthesis of an amine-reactive oxidized-laminarin biopolymer that can readily crosslink with gelatin (oxLAM-Gelatin) and simultaneously allow cell encapsulation. Interestingly, the rational design of oxLAM-Gelatin hydrogels with varying aldehyde-to-amine ratios enables a refined control over crosslinking kinetics, viscoelastic properties, and degradability profile. The mechanochemical features of these hydrogels post-crosslinking offer an alternative route for imprinting any intended nano- or microtopography in ECM-mimetic matrices bearing inherent cell-adhesive motifs. Different patterns are easily paved in oxLAM-Gelatin under physiological conditions and complex topographical configurations are retained along time. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells contacting mechanically sculpted oxLAM-Gelatin hydrogels sense the underlying surface nanotopography and align parallel to the anisotropic nanoridge/nanogroove intercalating array. These findings demonstrate that covalently adaptable features in ECM-mimetic networks can be leveraged to combine surface topography and cell-adhesive motifs as they appear in natural matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lavrador
- Department of ChemistryCICECO – Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Vítor M. Gaspar
- Department of ChemistryCICECO – Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of ChemistryCICECO – Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
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50
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Pepin ME, Infante T, Benincasa G, Schiano C, Miceli M, Ceccarelli S, Megiorni F, Anastasiadou E, Della Valle G, Fatone G, Faenza M, Docimo L, Nicoletti GF, Marchese C, Wende AR, Napoli C. Differential DNA Methylation Encodes Proliferation and Senescence Programs in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:346. [PMID: 32351540 PMCID: PMC7174643 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) constitute a vital population of multipotent cells capable of differentiating into numerous end-organ phenotypes. However, scientific and translational endeavors to harness the regenerative potential of ASCs are currently limited by an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that determine cell-lineage commitment and stemness. In the current study, we used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis to identify epigenetic gene targets and cellular processes that are responsive to 5′-azacitidine (5′-AZA). We describe specific changes to DNA methylation of ASCs, uncovering pathways likely associated with the enhancement of their proliferative capacity. We identified 4,797 differentially methylated regions (FDR < 0.05) associated with 3,625 genes, of which 1,584 DMRs annotated to the promoter region. Gene set enrichment of differentially methylated promoters identified “phagocytosis,” “type 2 diabetes,” and “metabolic pathways” as disproportionately hypomethylated, whereas “adipocyte differentiation” was the most-enriched pathway among hyper-methylated gene promoters. Weighted coexpression network analysis of DMRs identified clusters associated with cellular proliferation and other developmental programs. Furthermore, the ELK4 binding site was disproportionately hyper-methylated within the promoters of genes associated with AKT signaling. Overall, this study offers numerous preliminary insights into the epigenetic landscape that influences the regenerative capacity of human ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Pepin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Teresa Infante
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Della Valle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Fatone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Faenza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovico Docimo
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni F Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Claudio Napoli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.,Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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