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Wang X, Li F, Wu S, Xing W, Fu J, Wang R, He Y. Research progress on optimization of in vitro isolation, cultivation and preservation methods of dental pulp stem cells for clinical application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1305614. [PMID: 38633667 PMCID: PMC11021638 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1305614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to high proliferative capacity, multipotent differentiation, immunomodulatory abilities, and lack of ethical concerns, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising candidates for clinical application. Currently, clinical research on DPSCs is in its early stages. The reason for the failure to obtain clinically effective results may be problems with the production process of DPSCs. Due to the different preparation methods and reagent formulations of DPSCs, cell characteristics may be affected and lead to inconsistent experimental results. Preparation of clinical-grade DPSCs is far from ready. To achieve clinical application, it is essential to transit the manufacturing of stem cells from laboratory grade to clinical grade. This review compares and analyzes experimental data on optimizing the preparation methods of DPSCs from extraction to resuscitation, including research articles, invention patents and clinical trials. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and potential clinical applications are discussed, and factors that could improve the quality of DPSCs for clinical application are proposed. The aim is to summarize the current manufacture of DPSCs in the establishment of a standardized, reliable, safe, and economic method for future preparation of clinical-grade cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenyao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxuan Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Shamszadeh S, Shirvani A, Asgary S. The Role of Growth Factor Delivery Systems on Cellular Activities of Dental Stem Cells: A Systematic Review (Part II). Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:587-610. [PMID: 35692144 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220609093939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current systematic review aims to provide the available ex vivo evidence evaluating the biological interactions of dental stem cells (DSCs) and growth factor delivery systems. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) up to January 2022. Studies evaluating the biological interactions of DSCs and growth factor delivery systems were included. The outcome measures were cell cytocompatibility, mineralization, and differentiation. RESULTS Sixteen studies were selected for the qualitative synthesis. The following growth factor delivery systems exhibit adequate cytocompatibility, enhanced mineralization, and osteo/odontoblast differentiation potential of DSCs: 1) Fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)-loaded-microsphere and silk fibroin, 2) Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded-microsphere and mesoporous calcium silicate scaffold, 3) Transforming growth factor Beta 1 (TGF-ß1)-loaded-microsphere, glass ionomer cement (GIC), Bio-GIC and liposome, 4) TGF-ß1-loaded-nanoparticles/scaffold, 5) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded-fiber and hydrogel, 6) TGF-ß1/VEGF-loaded-nanocrystalline calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate, 7) Epidermal growth factor-loaded- nanosphere, 8) Stem cell factor/DSCs-loaded-hydrogel and Silk fibroin, 9) VEGF/BMP-2/DSCs-loaded-Three-dimensional matrix, 10) VEGF/DSCs-loaded-microsphere/hydrogel, and 11) BMP-2/DSCs and VEGF/DSCs-loaded-Collagen matrices. The included delivery systems showed viability, except for Bio-GIC on day 3. The choice of specific growth factors and delivery systems (i.e., BMP-2-loaded-microsphere and VEGF-loaded-hydrogel) resulted in a greater gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study, with low-level evidence obtained from ex vivo studies, suggests that growth factor delivery systems induce cell proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation toward a therapeutic potential in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayna Shamszadeh
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Asgary
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hazrati P, Mirtaleb MH, Boroojeni HSH, Koma AAY, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H. Current Trends, Advances, and Challenges of Tissue Engineering-Based Approaches of Tooth Regeneration: A Review of the Literature. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:473-496. [PMID: 35984017 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220818103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tooth loss is a significant health issue. Currently, this situation is often treated with the use of synthetic materials such as implants and prostheses. However, these treatment modalities do not fully meet patients' biological and mechanical needs and have limited longevity. Regenerative medicine focuses on the restoration of patients' natural tissues via tissue engineering techniques instead of rehabilitating with artificial appliances. Therefore, a tissue-engineered tooth regeneration strategy seems like a promising option to treat tooth loss. OBJECTIVE This review aims to demonstrate recent advances in tooth regeneration strategies and discoveries about underlying mechanisms and pathways of tooth formation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Whole tooth regeneration, tooth root formation, and dentin-pulp organoid generation have been achieved by using different seed cells and various materials for scaffold production. Bioactive agents are critical elements for the induction of cells into odontoblast or ameloblast lineage. Some substantial pathways enrolled in tooth development have been figured out, helping researchers design their experiments more effectively and aligned with the natural process of tooth formation. CONCLUSION According to current knowledge, tooth regeneration is possible in case of proper selection of stem cells, appropriate design and manufacturing of a biocompatible scaffold, and meticulous application of bioactive agents for odontogenic induction. Understanding innate odontogenesis pathways play a crucial role in accurately planning regenerative therapeutic interventions in order to reproduce teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Hazrati
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Helia Sadat Haeri Boroojeni
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Yu F, Yao L, Li F, Wang C, Ye L. Releasing YAP dysfunction-caused replicative toxicity rejuvenates mesenchymal stem cells. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13913. [PMID: 37340571 PMCID: PMC10497818 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippo-independent YAP dysfunction has been demonstrated to cause chronological aging of stromal cells by impairing the integrity of nuclear envelope (NE). In parallel with this report, we uncover that YAP activity also controls another type of cellular senescence, the replicative senescence in in vitro expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), but this event is Hippo phosphorylation-dependent, and there exist another NE integrity-independent downstream mechanisms of YAP. Specifically, Hippo phosphorylation causes reduced nuclear/active YAP and then decreases the level of YAP protein in the proceeding of replicative senescence. YAP/TEAD governs RRM2 expression to release replicative toxicity (RT) via licensing G1/S transition. Besides, YAP controls the core transcriptomics of RT to delay the onset of genome instability and enhances DNA damage response/repair. Hippo-off mutations of YAP (YAPS127A/S381A ) satisfactorily release RT via maintaining cell cycle and reducing genome instability, finally rejuvenating MSCs and restoring their regenerative capabilities without risks of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Cheng Q, Liu C, Chen Q, Luo W, He TC, Yang D. Establishing and characterizing human stem cells from the apical papilla immortalized by hTERT gene transfer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1158936. [PMID: 37283947 PMCID: PMC10239932 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1158936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are promising candidates for regenerative endodontic treatment and tissue regeneration in general. However, harvesting enough cells from the limited apical papilla tissue is difficult, and the cells lose their primary phenotype over many passages. To get over these challenges, we immortalized human SCAPs with lentiviruses overexpressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Human immortalized SCAPs (hiSCAPs) exhibited long-term proliferative activity without tumorigenic potential. Cells also expressed mesenchymal and progenitor biomarkers and exhibited multiple differentiation potentials. Interestingly, hiSCAPs gained a stronger potential for osteogenic differentiation than the primary cells. To further investigate whether hiSCAPs could become prospective seed cells in bone tissue engineering, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed, and the results indicated that hiSCAPs exhibited strong osteogenic differentiation ability after infection with recombinant adenoviruses expressing BMP9 (AdBMP9). In addition, we revealed that BMP9 could upregulate ALK1 and BMPRII, leading to an increase in phosphorylated Smad1 to induce the osteogenic differentiation of hiSCAPs. These results support the application of hiSCAPs in tissue engineering/regeneration schemes as a stable stem cell source for osteogenic differentiation and biomineralization, which could be further used in stem cell-based clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuman Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deqin Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sutyagina OI, Beilin AK, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV. Immortalization Reversibility in the Context of Cell Therapy Biosafety. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7738. [PMID: 37175444 PMCID: PMC10178325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immortalization (genetically induced prevention of replicative senescence) is a promising approach to obtain cellular material for cell therapy or for bio-artificial organs aimed at overcoming the problem of donor material shortage. Immortalization is reversed before cells are used in vivo to allow cell differentiation into the mature phenotype and avoid tumorigenic effects of unlimited cell proliferation. However, there is no certainty that the process of de-immortalization is 100% effective and that it does not cause unwanted changes in the cell. In this review, we discuss various approaches to reversible immortalization, emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages in terms of biosafety. We describe the most promising approaches in improving the biosafety of reversibly immortalized cells: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated immortogene insertion, tamoxifen-mediated self-recombination, tools for selection of successfully immortalized cells, using a decellularized extracellular matrix, and ensuring post-transplant safety with the use of suicide genes. The last process may be used as an add-on for previously existing reversible immortalized cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana I. Sutyagina
- N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Vavilov Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Zeng Y, Liu L, Huang D, Song D. Immortalized cell lines derived from dental/odontogenic tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5. [PMID: 37039940 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells derived from dental/odontogenic tissue have the property of multiple differentiation and are prospective in tooth regenerative medicine and cellular and molecular studies. However, in the face of cellular senescence soon in vitro, the proliferation ability of the cells is limited, so studies are hindered to some extent. Fortunately, immortalization strategies are expected to solve the above issues. Cellular immortalization is that cells are immortalized by introducing oncogenes, human telomerase reverse transcriptase genes (hTERT), or miscellaneous immortalization genes to get unlimited proliferation. At present, a variety of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissue has been successfully generated, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament cells (PDLs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental papilla cells (DPCs), and tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCs). This review summarized establishment and applications of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissues and then discussed the advantages and challenges of immortalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Azaryan E, Emadian Razavi F, Hanafi-Bojd MY, Alemzadeh E, Naseri M. Dentin regeneration based on tooth tissue engineering: A review. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 39:e3319. [PMID: 36522133 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Missing or damaged teeth due to caries, genetic disorders, oral cancer, or infection may contribute to physical and mental impairment that reduces the quality of life. Despite major progress in dental tissue repair and those replacing missing teeth with prostheses, clinical treatments are not yet entirely satisfactory, as they do not regenerate tissues with natural teeth features. Therefore, much of the focus has centered on tissue engineering (TE) based on dental stem/progenitor cells to create bioengineered dental tissues. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the use of cells in regenerating sections of a tooth or a whole tooth. Tooth tissue engineering (TTE), as a promising method for dental tissue regeneration, can form durable biological substitutes for soft and mineralized dental tissues. The cell-based TE approach, which directly seeds cells and bioactive components onto the biodegradable scaffolds, is currently the most potential method. Three essential components of this strategy are cells, scaffolds, and growth factors (GFs). This study investigates dentin regeneration after an injury such as caries using TE and stem/progenitor cell-based strategies. We begin by discussing about the biological structure of a dentin and dentinogenesis. The engineering of teeth requires knowledge of the processes that underlie the growth of an organ or tissue. Then, the three fundamental requirements for dentin regeneration, namely cell sources, GFs, and scaffolds are covered in the current study, which may ultimately lead to new insights in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsaneh Azaryan
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fariba Emadian Razavi
- Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yahya Hanafi-Bojd
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Esmat Alemzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Betaine promotes osteogenic differentiation in immortalized human dental pulp-derived cells. BDJ Open 2022; 8:31. [PMID: 36207319 PMCID: PMC9546879 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-022-00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of betaine (BET) on immortalized human dental pulp stem cell (ihDP) osteogenic differentiation. Materials and methods hDPs were immortalized using SV40 T-antigen transfection. Characterization, multilineage differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle, colony-forming unit, and cellular senescence were evaluated (n = 4). The effect of BET on ihDP response was assessed (n = 4). Osteogenic differentiation was detected using ALP, ARS staining, and RT-qPCR (n = 4). To investigate the involvement of calcium signaling, the cells were pretreated with either 8-(NN-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) or thapsigargin before BET treatment (n = 6). Results ihDPs retained similar phenotypic characteristics presented in hDPs but exhibited an increase in cell proliferation and extended culture to passage 25. An increased proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases without senescence was observed in ihDPs. BET (50 mM) treatment significantly increased mineral deposition at 14 days and upregulated ALP, MSX2, BMP2, and RUNX2 expression. TMB-8 pretreatment reduced the effect of BET-induced ihDP osteogenic differentiation, whereas thapsigargin promoted osteogenic differentiation in ihDPs synergistically with BET. Conclusion ihDPs showed superior proliferation ability and a longer life span, which could serve as a promising cell for regenerative dentistry. BET promoted odonto/osteogenic differentiation via intracellular calcium regulation.
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Camacho-Alonso F, Tudela-Mulero MR, Navarro JA, Buendía AJ, Mercado-Díaz AM. Use of buccal fat pad-derived stem cells cultured on bioceramics for repair of critical-sized mandibular defects in healthy and osteoporotic rats. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5389-5408. [PMID: 35524820 PMCID: PMC9381637 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare new bone formation in mandibular symphysis critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) in healthy and osteoporotic rats filled with bioceramics (BCs) with or without buccal fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (BFPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to two groups (n = 16 per group): group 1 healthy and group 2 osteoporotic (with bilateral ovariectomy). The central portion of the rat mandibular symphysis was used as a physiological CSBD. In each group, eight defects were filled with BC (hydroxyapatite 60% and β-tricalcium phosphate 40%) alone and eight with BFPSCs cultured on BC. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks, and the mandibles were processed for micro-computed tomography to analyze radiological union and bone mineral density (BMD); histological analysis of the bone union; and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). RESULTS In both groups, CSBDs filled with BC + BFPSCs showed greater radiological bone union, BMD and histological bone union, and more VEGF and BMP-2 positivity, compared with CSBDs treated with BC alone at 4 and 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The application of BFPSCs cultured on BCs improves bone regeneration in CSBDs compared with BCs alone in healthy and osteoporotic rats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results may aid bone regeneration of maxillofacial CSBDs of both healthy and osteoporotic patients, but further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Camacho-Alonso
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
- Oral Surgery Teaching Unit, University Dental Clinic, Morales Meseguer Hospital (2Nd Floor), Marqués de los Vélez s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - J A Navarro
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A J Buendía
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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11
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Camacho-Alonso F, Tudela-Mulero MR, Buendía AJ, Navarro JA, Pérez-Sayáns M, Mercado-Díaz AM. Bone regeneration in critical-sized mandibular symphysis defects using bioceramics with or without bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in healthy, diabetic, osteoporotic, and diabetic-osteoporotic rats. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1283-1300. [PMID: 35717229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare new bone formation in mandibular critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) in healthy, diabetic, osteoporotic, and diabetic-osteoporotic rats filled with bioceramics (BCs) with or without bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS A total of 64 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups (n = 16 per group): Group 1 healthy, Group 2 diabetic, Group 3 osteoporotic, and Group 4 diabetic-osteoporotic rats. Streptozotocin was used to induce type 1 diabetes in Group 2 and 4, while bilateral ovariectomy was used to induce osteoporosis in Group 3 and 4. The central portion of the rat mandibular symphysis was used as a physiological CSBD. In each group, eight defects were filled with BC (hydroxypatatite 60% and β-tricalcium phosphate 40%) alone and eight with BMSCs cultured on BC. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks, and the mandibles were processed for micro-computed tomography to analyze radiological union and bone mineral density (BMD); histological analysis of the bone union; and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). RESULTS In all groups (healthy, diabetics, osteoporotics, and diabetics-osteoporotics), the CSBDs filled with BC + BMSCs showed greater radiological bone union, BMD, histological bone union, and more VEGF and BMP-2 positivity, in comparison with CSBDs treated with BC alone (at 4 and 8 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Application of BMSCs cultured on BCs improves bone regeneration in CSBDs compared with application of BCs alone in healthy, diabetic, osteoporotic, and diabetic-osteoporotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Camacho-Alonso
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - A J Buendía
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Navarro
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Sayáns
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. MedOralRes Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS). Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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de Melo CCDSB, Cassiano FB, Bronze-Uhle ÉS, Stuani VDT, Bordini EAF, Gallinari MDO, de Souza Costa CA, Soares DG. Mineral-induced bubbling effect and biomineralization as strategies to create highly porous and bioactive scaffolds for dentin tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1757-1770. [PMID: 35138034 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the biological and mechanical characteristics of chitosan-based scaffolds enriched by mineral phases and biomineralized in simulated body fluid (SBF) as a possible biomaterial for dentin regeneration. Thus, porous chitosan scaffolds were prepared by the mineral-induced bubbling-effect technique and subjected to biomineralization to create biomimetic scaffolds for dentin tissue engineering. Suspensions containing calcium hydroxide, nanohydroxyapatite, or β-tricalcium phosphate were added to the chitosan (CH) solution and subjected to gradual freezing and freeze-drying to obtain CHCa, CHnHA, and CHβTCP porous scaffolds, respectively, by the bubbling effect. Then, scaffolds were incubated in SBF for 5 days at 37°C, under constant stirring, to promote calcium-phosphate (CaP) biomineralization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed increased pore size and porosity degree on mineral-containing scaffolds, with CHCa and CHnHA presenting as round, well-distributed, and with an interconnected pore network. Nevertheless, incubation in SBF disrupted the porous architecture, except for CHCaSBF , leading to the deposition of CaP coverage, confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses. All mineral-containing and SBF-treated formulations presented controlled degradation profiles and released calcium throughout 28 days. When human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were seeded onto scaffold structures, the porous and interconnected architecture of CHCa, CHnHA, and CHCaSBF allowed cells to infiltrate and spread throughout the scaffold structure, whereas in other formulations cells were dispersed or agglomerated. It was possible to determine a positive effect on cell proliferation and odontogenic differentiation for mineral-containing formulations, intensely improved by biomineralization. A significant increase in mineralized matrix deposition (by 8.4 to 18.9 times) was observed for CHCaSBF , CHnHASBF , and CHβTCPSBF in comparison with plain CH. The bioactive effect on odontoblastic marker expression (ALP activity and mineralized matrix) was also observed for HDPCs continuously cultivated with conditioned medium obtained from scaffolds. Therefore, biomineralization of chitosan scaffolds containing different mineral phases was responsible for increasing the capacity for mineralized matrix deposition by pulpal cells, with potential for use in dentin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Correa da Silva Braga de Melo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Sao Paulo University-USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Balestrero Cassiano
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Sao Paulo University-USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika Soares Bronze-Uhle
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Sao Paulo University-USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor de Toledo Stuani
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Sao Paulo University-USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Sao Paulo University-USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Sao Paulo University-USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Al Madhoun A, Sindhu S, Haddad D, Atari M, Ahmad R, Al-Mulla F. Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived From Adult Human Third Molar Tooth: A Brief Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717624. [PMID: 34712658 PMCID: PMC8545885 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fields of regenerative medicine and stem cell-based tissue engineering have the potential of treating numerous tissue and organ defects. The use of adult stem cells is of particular interest when it comes to dynamic applications in translational medicine. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been traced in third molars of adult humans. DPSCs have been isolated and characterized by several groups. DPSCs have promising characteristics including self-renewal capacity, rapid proliferation, colony formation, multi-lineage differentiation, and pluripotent gene expression profile. Nevertheless, genotypic, and phenotypic heterogeneities have been reported for DPSCs subpopulations which may influence their therapeutic potentials. The underlying causes of DPSCs’ heterogeneity remain poorly understood; however, their heterogeneity emerges as a consequence of an interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic cellular factors. The main objective of the manuscript is to review the current literature related to the human DPSCs derived from the third molar, with a focus on their physiological properties, isolation procedures, culture conditions, self-renewal, proliferation, lineage differentiation capacities and their prospective advances use in pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Maher Atari
- Biointelligence Technology Systems S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
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14
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Li X, Zhu X, Wu H, Van Dyke TE, Xu X, Morgan EF, Fu W, Liu C, Tu Q, Huang D, Chen J. Roles and Mechanisms of Irisin in Attenuating Pathological Features of Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703670. [PMID: 34650969 PMCID: PMC8509718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects and mechanisms of irisin, a newly discovered myokine, in cartilage development, osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology and its therapeutic potential for treating OA we applied the following five strategical analyses using (1) murine joint tissues at different developmental stages; (2) human normal and OA pathological tissue samples; (3) experimental OA mouse model; (4) irisin gene knockout (KO) and knock in (KI) mouse lines and their cartilage cells; (5) in vitro mechanistic experiments. We found that Irisin was involved in all stages of cartilage development. Both human and mouse OA tissues showed a decreased expression of irisin. Intra-articular injection of irisin attenuated ACLT-induced OA progression. Irisin knockout mice developed severe OA while irisin overexpression in both irisin KI mice and intraarticular injection of irisin protein attenuated OA progression. Irisin inhibited inflammation and promoted anabolism in chondrogenic ADTC5 cells. Proliferative potential of primary chondrocytes from KI mice was found to be enhanced, while KO mice showed an inhibition under normal or inflammatory conditions. The primary chondrocytes from irisin KI mice showed reduced expression of inflammatory factors and the chondrocytes isolated from KO mice showed an opposite pattern. In conclusion, it is the first time to show that irisin is involved in cartilage development and OA pathogenesis. Irisin has the potential to ameliorate OA progression by decreasing cartilage degradation and inhibiting inflammation, which could lead to the development of a novel therapeutic target for treating bone and cartilage disorders including osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hongle Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Elise F Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenyu Fu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Biocompatibility of a HA/β-TCP/C Scaffold as a Pulp-Capping Agent for Vital Pulp Treatment: An In Vivo Study in Rat Molars. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083936. [PMID: 33918101 PMCID: PMC8068992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioceramic materials possess desirable biological properties, highlighting their non-reactivity and osteoconductivity. Their use has been extended in vital pulp treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), and collagen (C) scaffold with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the vital pulp of rat molars. Thirty-two molars of Sprague–Dawley rats underwent direct pulp capping with β-TCP/HA/C (n = 16) and MTA (n = 16). After 30 days, the following parameters were evaluated in the tested samples: the degree of pulp inflammation and pulp vitality, the presence of reparative dentin, the homogeneity of the odontoblastic layer, and the presence of pulp fibrosis. No statistically significant differences were observed between HA/β-TCP/C and MTA in terms of the degree of inflammation (p = 0.124). Significant differences were found in reparative dentin formation between the treatment groups (p = 0.0005). Dentin bridge formation was observed in the MTA-treated group. The local action of HA/β-TCP/C is similar to that of MTA when used as an agent for pulp vital treatment in terms of absence of inflammation and maintenance of pulp vitality, although there are significant differences between both materials regarding the formation of dentin bridges.
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16
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Makvandi P, Josic U, Delfi M, Pinelli F, Jahed V, Kaya E, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarepour A, Rossi F, Zarrabi A, Agarwal T, Zare EN, Ghomi M, Kumar Maiti T, Breschi L, Tay FR. Drug Delivery (Nano)Platforms for Oral and Dental Applications: Tissue Regeneration, Infection Control, and Cancer Management. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004014. [PMID: 33898183 PMCID: PMC8061367 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity and oropharynx are complex environments that are susceptible to physical, chemical, and microbiological insults. They are also common sites for pathological and cancerous changes. The effectiveness of conventional locally-administered medications against diseases affecting these oral milieus may be compromised by constant salivary flow. For systemically-administered medications, drug resistance and adverse side-effects are issues that need to be resolved. New strategies for drug delivery have been investigated over the last decade to overcome these obstacles. Synthesis of nanoparticle-containing agents that promote healing represents a quantum leap in ensuring safe, efficient drug delivery to the affected tissues. Micro/nanoencapsulants with unique structures and properties function as more favorable drug-release platforms than conventional treatment approaches. The present review provides an overview of newly-developed nanocarriers and discusses their potential applications and limitations in various fields of dentistry and oral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Makvandi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvaz6153753843Iran
| | - Uros Josic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaVia San Vitale 59Bologna40125Italy
| | - Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via CintiaNaples80126Italy
| | - Filippo Pinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical EngineeringPolitecnico di Milano Technical UniversityMilano20133Italy
| | - Vahid Jahed
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical EngineeringTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Emine Kaya
- Faculty of DentistryIstanbul Okan UniversityTuzla CampusTuzlaIstanbul34959Turkey
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesSabanci UniversityOrta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, OrhanlıTuzlaIstanbul34956Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)TuzlaIstanbul34956Turkey
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)TuzlaIstanbul34956Turkey
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical EngineeringPolitecnico di Milano Technical UniversityMilano20133Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)TuzlaIstanbul34956Turkey
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India
| | | | - Matineh Ghomi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvaz6153753843Iran
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaVia San Vitale 59Bologna40125Italy
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of GeorgiaAugusta University1430 John Wesley Gilbert DriveAugustaGA30192USA
- The Graduate SchoolAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
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17
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Li X, Wang L, Su Q, Ye L, Zhou X, Zhang L, Song D, Huang D. Potential Roles of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 in the Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2020; 47:436-443. [PMID: 33129897 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs) plays an important role in the repair of dental pulp injury. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is one of the most effective BMPs to induce the differentiation of stem cells. However, the role of BMP9 in promoting the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs and dentinogenesis is worth knowing. METHODS Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to detect the BMP9 expression in human dental pulp. BMP9 was overexpressed in human DPCs (hDPCs), and the mineralization of hDPCs was tested by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. The expression of odontogenic differentiation-related genes was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The subcutaneous transplantation experiment was performed to test the odonto-induction ability of BMP9 in vivo. The rat direct pulp-capping experiment was performed to test the function of BMP9 in promoting dentin formation. RESULTS BMP9 showed an increased expression in odontoblast layer at both the mRNA and protein levels. BMP9 enhanced the mineralization and induced the expression of odontogenic differentiation-related genes in hDPCs. More mineralized nodules, and increased expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1) were detected in the beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold/cells composites of BMP9 group compared with the control group. Meanwhile, there was thicker reparative dentin formation in the BMP9 group in the rat pulp exposure experiment. CONCLUSIONS BMP9 participates in the process of DPC differentiation and promotes DPC mineralization and dentinogenesis. BMP9 might be a potential therapeutic target in the repair of dental pulp injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Granz CL, Gorji A. Dental stem cells: The role of biomaterials and scaffolds in developing novel therapeutic strategies. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:897-921. [PMID: 33033554 PMCID: PMC7524692 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells (DSCs) are self-renewable cells that can be obtained easily from dental tissues, and are a desirable source of autologous stem cells. The use of DSCs for stem cell transplantation therapeutic approaches is attractive due to their simple isolation, high plasticity, immunomodulatory properties, and multipotential abilities. Using appropriate scaffolds loaded with favorable biomolecules, such as growth factors, and cytokines, can improve the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and functional capacity of DSCs and can optimize the cellular morphology to build tissue constructs for specific purposes. An enormous variety of scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering with DSCs. Of these, the scaffolds that particularly mimic tissue-specific micromilieu and loaded with biomolecules favorably regulate angiogenesis, cell-matrix interactions, degradation of extracellular matrix, organized matrix formation, and the mineralization abilities of DSCs in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. DSCs represent a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for tooth, bone, and neural tissue restoration. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current developments in the major scaffolding approaches as crucial guidelines for tissue engineering using DSCs and compare their effects in tissue and organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Larissa Granz
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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19
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Zayed M, Iohara K. Immunomodulation and Regeneration Properties of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Potential Therapy to Treat Coronavirus Disease 2019. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720952089. [PMID: 32830527 PMCID: PMC7443577 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720952089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, originating from Wuhan, China, is known to cause severe acute respiratory symptoms. The occurrence of a cytokine storm in the lungs is a critical step in the disease pathogenesis, as it causes pathological lesions, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, potentially resulting in death. Currently, there is no effective treatment that targets the cytokine storm and helps regenerate the damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to act as anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory candidates and activate endogenous regeneration. As a result, MSC therapy is a potential treatment approach for COVID-19. Intravenous injection of clinical-grade MSCs into COVID-19 patients can induce an immunomodulatory response along with improved lung function. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered a potential source of MSCs for immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, and clinical application. Although some current clinical trials have treated COVID-19 patients with DPSCs, this therapy has not been approved. Here, we review the potential use of DPSCs and their significance in the development of a therapy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Mohammed Zayed, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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