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Donati L, Casagrande Pierantoni D, Conti A, Calzoni E, Corte L, Santi C, Rosati O, Cardinali G, Emiliani C. Water Extracts from Industrial Hemp Waste Inhibit the Adhesion and Development of Candida Biofilm and Showed Antioxidant Activity on HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3979. [PMID: 38612793 PMCID: PMC11011686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of regulatory perspectives regarding the health and nutritional properties of industrial hemp-based products (Cannabis sativa L.) has pushed research to focus on the development of new methods for both the extraction and formulation of the bioactive compounds present in hemp extracts. While the psychoactive and medicinal properties of hemp-derived cannabinoid extracts are well known, much less has been investigated on the functional and antimicrobial properties of hemp extracts. Within the hemp value chain, various agricultural wastes and by-products are generated. These materials can be valorised through eco-innovations, ultimately promoting sustainable economic development. In this study, we explored the use of waste from industrial light cannabis production for the extraction of bioactive compounds without the addition of chemicals. The five extracts obtained were tested for their antimicrobial activity on both planktonic and sessile cells of pathogenic strains of the Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis species and for their antioxidant activity on HT-29 colon cancer cells under oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that these extracts display interesting properties both as antioxidants and in hindering the development of fungal biofilm, paving the way for further investigations into the sustainable valorisation of hemp waste for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Donati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.D.); (D.C.P.); (A.C.); (C.S.); (O.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Debora Casagrande Pierantoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.D.); (D.C.P.); (A.C.); (C.S.); (O.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Angela Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.D.); (D.C.P.); (A.C.); (C.S.); (O.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Eleonora Calzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (C.E.)
| | - Laura Corte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.D.); (D.C.P.); (A.C.); (C.S.); (O.R.); (G.C.)
- CEMIN Excellence Research Centre, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.D.); (D.C.P.); (A.C.); (C.S.); (O.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Ornelio Rosati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.D.); (D.C.P.); (A.C.); (C.S.); (O.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.D.); (D.C.P.); (A.C.); (C.S.); (O.R.); (G.C.)
- CEMIN Excellence Research Centre, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (E.C.); (C.E.)
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Duarte ABS, Perez-Castillo Y, da Nóbrega Alves D, de Castro RD, de Souza RL, de Sousa DP, Oliveira EE. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans of methyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate loaded nanoemulsion. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:25-39. [PMID: 38135805 PMCID: PMC10920570 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of free methyl 3,5 dinitrobenzoate (MDNB) and its nanoemulsion (MDNB-NE) against strains of Candida albicans. Additionally, a molecular modeling study was also carried out to propose the mechanism of action and toxicity of MDNB. These results demonstrated the MDNB-NE presented a droplet size of 181.16 ± 3.20 nm and polydispersity index of 0.30 ± 0.03. MDNB and MDNB-NE inhibited the growth of all strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.27-1.10 mM. The biological results corroborated the molecular model, which pointed to a multi-target antifungal mechanism of action for MDNB in C. albicans. The study could serve as a basis for further research involving compounds with nitro groups with antifungal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allana Brunna Sucupira Duarte
- Post Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group and Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Danielle da Nóbrega Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Cell Culture, Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Cell Culture, Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elquio Eleamen Oliveira
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Verma AK, Ahmed SF, Hossain MS, Bhojiya AA, Upadhyay SK, Srivastava AK, Singh N, Harina H, Rahaman MM, Bahadur NM. Unlocking SGK1 inhibitor potential of bis-[1-N,7-N, pyrazolo tetraethoxyphthalimido{-4-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-(spiro-3-methylpyazolo)-1,7-dihydro-1H-dipyrazolo[3,4-b;4',3'-e]pyridin-8-yl)}]p-disubstituted phenyl compounds: a computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13412-13431. [PMID: 34696688 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1988711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SGK1 (Serum and Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1), a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by various stimuli, including serum and glucocorticoids. It controls inflammation, apoptosis, hormone release, neuro-excitability and cell proliferation, all of which play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. SGK1 was recently proposed as a potential drug target for cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, molecular docking, physiochemical, toxicological properties and molecular dynamic simulation of the Bis-[1-N,7-N, Pyrazolo tetraethoxyphthalimido{-4-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-(spiro-3-methylpyazolo)-1,7-dihydro-1H-dipyrazolo[3,4-b;4',3'-e]pyridin-8-yl)}]p-disubstituted phenyl compoundsand reference EMD638683 against new SGK1 target protein. Compared to the reference inhibitor EMD638683, we choose the best compounds (series 2-6) based on the binding energy (in the range from -11.0 to -10.6 kcal/mol). With the exception of compounds 2 and 6, none of the compounds posed a risk for AMES toxicity or carcinogenicity due to their toxicological properties. 100 ns MD simulation accompanied by MM/PBSA energy calculations and PCA. According to MD simulation results, the binding of compounds 3, 4 and 5 stabilizes the SGK1 structure and causes febrile conformational changes compared to EMD638683. As a result of this research, the final selected compounds 3, 4 and 5 can be used as scaffolds to develop promising SGK1 inhibitors for the treatment of related diseases such as cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sk Faisal Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Asger Bhojiya
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Nripendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, V.B.S, Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harina Harina
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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3,5-Dinitrobenzoate and 3,5-Dinitrobenzamide Derivatives: Mechanistic, Antifungal, and In Silico Studies. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2336175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections, including those caused by Candida spp., are recognized in immunocompromised individuals for their high rates of morbidity and mortality. Microorganism resistance to conventional drugs compromises treatment effectiveness and yet also reveals the need to develop new drugs. In many compounds, nitro groups contribute to antimicrobial activity; thus, the inhibitory activity of a collection of twenty esters and amides (derived from 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid) against Candida spp. was elucidated using microdilution methods to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC), as well as probable mechanisms of action. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Of the tested derivatives, ten presented fungicidal activity against at least one of the tested strains. Ethyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (2) exhibited the most potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MIC = 125 µg/mL; 0.52 mM), Candida krusei (MIC = 100 µg/mL; 4.16 mM), and Candida tropicalis (MIC = 500 µg/ml; 2.08 mM). The structure of the second most potent derivative (propyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (3) reveals that esters with short alkyl side chains exhibit better biological activity profiles. Compounds 2 and 3 presented a mechanism of action involving the fungal cell membrane. Though compound 2 modeling against C. albicans revealed a multitarget antifungal mechanism of action, involving various cellular processes, interference in the synthesis of ergosterol was observed. Our results demonstrate that certain ester derivatives containing aromatic ring nitro groups may be useful in the search for new antifungal drugs.
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Botti G, Bianchi A, Pavan B, Tedeschi P, Albanese V, Ferraro L, Spizzo F, Del Bianco L, Dalpiaz A. Effects of Microencapsulated Ferulic Acid or Its Prodrug Methyl Ferulate on Neuroinflammation Induced by Muramyl Dipeptide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10609. [PMID: 36078325 PMCID: PMC9518205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (Fer) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which are possibly useful against neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the ability of Fer to permeate the brain, its fast elimination from the body does not allow its therapeutic use to be optimized. The present study proposes the preparation and characterization of tristearin- or stearic acid-based solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) as sustained delivery and targeting systems for Fer. The microparticles were produced by conventional hot emulsion techniques. The synthesis of the methyl ester of Fer (Fer-Me) allowed its encapsulation in the SLMs to increase. Fer-Me was hydrolyzed to Fer in rat whole blood and liver homogenate, evidencing its prodrug behavior. Furthermore, Fer-Me displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The amount of encapsulated Fer-Me was 0.719 ± 0.005% or 1.507 ± 0.014% in tristearin or stearic acid SLMs, respectively. The tristearin SLMs were able to control the prodrug release, while the stearic acid SLMs induced a significant increase of its dissolution rate in water. Jointly, the present results suggest that the tristearin SLMs loaded with Fer-Me could be a potential formulation against peripheral neuropathic pain; conversely, the stearic acid SLMs could be useful for Fer-Me uptake in the brain after nasal administration of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Botti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Bianchi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation—Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Tedeschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara and LTTA Center, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Spizzo
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, via G. Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia Del Bianco
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, via G. Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Ferreira AR, Alves DDN, de Castro RD, Perez-Castillo Y, de Sousa DP. Synthesis of Coumarin and Homoisoflavonoid Derivatives and Analogs: The Search for New Antifungal Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060712. [PMID: 35745631 PMCID: PMC9227125 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of twenty-four synthetic derivatives, with coumarin and homoisoflavonoid cores and structural analogs, were submitted for evaluation of antifungal activity against various species of Candida. The broth microdilution test was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the compounds and to verify the possible antifungal action mechanisms. The synthetic derivatives were obtained using various reaction methods, and six new compounds were obtained. The structures of the synthesized products were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy: 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. The coumarin derivative 8 presented the best antifungal profile, suggesting that the pentyloxy substituent at the C-7 position of coumarin ring could potentiate the bioactivity. Compound 8 was then evaluated against the biofilm of C. tropicalis ATCC 13803, which showed a statistically significant reduction in biofilm at concentrations of 0.268 µmol/mL and 0.067 µmol/mL, when compared to the growth control group. For a better understanding of their antifungal activity, compounds 8 and 21 were submitted to a study of the mode of action on the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane. It was observed that neither compound interacted directly with ergosterol present in the fungal plasma membrane or with the fungal cell wall. This suggests that their bioactivity was due to interaction involving other pharmacological targets. Compound 8 was also subjected to a molecular modeling study, which showed that its antifungal action mechanism occurred mainly through interference in the redox balance of the fungal cell, and by compromising the plasma membrane; not by direct interaction, but by interference in ergosterol synthesis. Another important finding was the antifungal capacity of homoisoflavonoids 23 and 24. Derivative 23 presented slightly higher antifungal activity, possibly due to the presence of the methoxyl substituent in the meta position in ring B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana R. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil;
| | - Danielle da N. Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Cell Culture of the Health Sciences Center, Department Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil; (D.d.N.A.); (R.D.d.C.)
| | - Ricardo D. de Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Cell Culture of the Health Sciences Center, Department Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil; (D.d.N.A.); (R.D.d.C.)
| | | | - Damião P. de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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Kanagasabapathy G, Britto S, Anbazhagan V. Synthesis, characterization and molecular docking studies of acetamide derivatives of 2-aminothiazole and 2-dihydropyridinone derivative of benzimidazole. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Antifungal Activity of N-(4-Halobenzyl)amides against Candida spp. and Molecular Modeling Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010419. [PMID: 35008845 PMCID: PMC8745543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections remain a high-incidence worldwide health problem that is aggravated by limited therapeutic options and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Cinnamic and benzoic acid amides have previously shown bioactivity against different species belonging to the Candida genus. Here, 20 cinnamic and benzoic acid amides were synthesized and tested for inhibition of C. krusei ATCC 14243 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019. Five compounds inhibited the Candida strains tested, with compound 16 (MIC = 7.8 µg/mL) producing stronger antifungal activity than fluconazole (MIC = 16 µg/mL) against C. krusei ATCC 14243. It was also tested against eight Candida strains, including five clinical strains resistant to fluconazole, and showed an inhibitory effect against all strains tested (MIC = 85.3–341.3 µg/mL). The MIC value against C. krusei ATCC 6258 was 85.3 mcg/mL, while against C. krusei ATCC 14243, it was 10.9 times smaller. This strain had greater sensitivity to the antifungal action of compound 16. The inhibition of C. krusei ATCC 14243 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was also achieved by compounds 2, 9, 12, 14 and 15. Computational experiments combining target fishing, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the potential mechanism of action of compound 16 against C. krusei. From these, a multi-target mechanism of action is proposed for this compound that involves proteins related to critical cellular processes such as the redox balance, kinases-mediated signaling, protein folding and cell wall synthesis. The modeling results might guide future experiments focusing on the wet-lab investigation of the mechanism of action of this series of compounds, as well as on the optimization of their inhibitory potency.
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Waller SB, Cleff MB, Ripoll MK, Meireles MCA, Ferrarini M, Varela MT, Fernandes JPS. Bioisosteric modification on benzylidene-carbonyl compounds improved the drug-likeness and maintained the antifungal activity against Sporothrix brasiliensis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:391-397. [PMID: 34873847 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Considering the emergence of antifungal resistance on Sporothrix brasiliensis, we aimed to assess new benzylidene-carbonyl compounds against feline-borne S. brasiliensis isolates. The compounds were designed as bioisosteres from previously reported benzylidene-ketones generating the p-coumaric (1), cinnamic (2), p-methoxycinnamic (3) and caffeic acid (4) analogues. The corresponding compounds were tested against feline isolates of S. brasiliensis with sensitivity (n = 4) and resistance (n = 5) to itraconazole (ITZ), following the M38-A2 protocol (CLSI, Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi M38-A2 Guideline, 2008). Eleven analogues showed activity against all fungal strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ≤1 mg/ml (1a-d, 2e, 3b, 3e, 4, 4a and 5e) and fungicidal concentrations (MFC) ≤1 mg/ml (1b, 1d, 3e and 4a), whereas 3 was the less active with both MIC and MFC values above 1 mg/ml. Compound 3e (4-methoxy-N-butylcinnamamide) was the most potent (MICrange 0.08-0.16 mg/ml; MFCrange 0.32-0.64 mg/ml) from the set, suggesting a different role of the substituents in ester and amide derivatives. The designed compounds proved to be important prototypes with improved drug-likeness to achieve compounds with higher activity against ITZ-resistant S. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Kutscher Ripoll
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Ferrarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Themoteo Varela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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Kimani BG, Kerekes EB, Szebenyi C, Krisch J, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T, Takó M. In Vitro Activity of Selected Phenolic Compounds against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Food-Contaminating Yeasts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071652. [PMID: 34359522 PMCID: PMC8307438 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are natural substances that can be obtained from plants. Many of them are potent growth inhibitors of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms, however, phenolic activities against spoilage yeasts are rarely studied. In this study, planktonic and biofilm growth, and the adhesion capacity of Pichia anomala, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Debaryomyces hansenii spoilage yeasts were investigated in the presence of hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, stilbene, flavonoid and phenolic aldehyde compounds. The results showed significant anti-yeast properties for many phenolics. Among the tested molecules, cinnamic acid and vanillin exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 500 µg/mL to 2 mg/mL. Quercetin, (-)-epicatechin, resveratrol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were also efficient growth inhibitors for certain yeasts with a MIC of 2 mg/mL. The D. hansenii, P. anomala and S. pombe biofilms were the most sensitive to the phenolics, while the S. cerevisiae biofilm was quite resistant against the activity of the compounds. Fluorescence microscopy revealed disrupted biofilm matrix on glass surfaces in the presence of certain phenolics. Highest antiadhesion activity was registered for cinnamic acid with inhibition effects between 48% and 91%. The active phenolics can be natural interventions against food-contaminating yeasts in future preservative developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gitura Kimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.G.K.); (E.B.K.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Erika Beáta Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.G.K.); (E.B.K.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Csilla Szebenyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.G.K.); (E.B.K.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (T.P.)
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.G.K.); (E.B.K.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (T.P.)
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.G.K.); (E.B.K.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (T.P.)
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.G.K.); (E.B.K.); (C.S.); (C.V.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-544-516
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Diyah NW, Isnaeni, Hidayati SW, Purwanto BT, Siswandono. Design of gossypetin derivatives based on naturally occurring flavonoid in Hibiscus sabdariffa and the molecular docking as antibacterial agents. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:707-714. [PMID: 34214320 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was purposed to design gossypetin derivatives which have higher activity than the parent compound found in Hibiscus sabdariffa and to find the most potent compound as the antibacterial agent. METHODS Twenty-five gossypetin derivatives were designed by conjugation the molecular structure of gossypetin with acyl group from some natural phenolic acids. The antibacterial activity was predicted by docking simulation on Escherischia coli DNA gyrase (PDB. 1KZN) which was performed by Molegro Virtual Docker. Potency as an antibacterial agent was evaluated based on binding affinity, hydrogen bond, and similarity of binding pattern with reference ligand Clorobiocin. RESULTS Almost all derivatives showed higher binding affinity than gossypetin (docking score -113.43 kcal/mol). The most active compound was 3G19 with docking score -167.42 kcal/mol which was comparable to clorobiocin (docking score -167.75 kcal/mol). The compounds displaying higher activity than gossypetin were belonged to 7,4'-dimethyl and 3,7,4'-trimethylgossypetin of coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and also ferulic acid. The compounds showed similar binding mode with clorobiocin especially in interaction with Asn46. CONCLUSIONS Gossypetin derivatives designed by conjugating the gossypetin with phenolic acyl increased in silico antibacterial activity of the parent compound. The 3,7,4'-trimethylgossypetin of coumaric acid was selected as the most potent compound for antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzul W Diyah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Isnaeni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Bambang T Purwanto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Siswandono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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The Scent of Antifungal Propolis. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21072334. [PMID: 33801571 PMCID: PMC8037689 DOI: 10.3390/s21072334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Propolis contains many effective antifungal compounds that have not yet been identified and evaluated. In addition, distinguishing samples of propolis with high antifungal activity from less active ones would be beneficial for effective therapy. Propolis samples were collected from four different geographical regions in Hungary and used to prepare ethanol extracts for analysis. First, an antifungal susceptibility test was performed on Candida albicans. Then, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and an opto-electronic nose were applied for the classification of propolis samples. In three propolis samples, the IC50 was measured between 72 and 134 µg/mL, but it was not calculable in the fourth sample. GC-MS analysis of the four propolis samples identified several compounds belonging to the various chemical classes. In the antifungal samples, the relative concentration of 11,14-eicosadienoic acid was the highest. Based on the opto-electronic electronic nose measurements, 98.4% of the original grouped antifungal/non-antifungal cases were classified correctly. We identified several molecules from propolis with potential antifungal properties. In addition, this is the first report to demonstrate the usefulness of a portable opto-electronic nose to identify propolis samples with high antifungal activity. These results may contribute to the rapid and efficient selection of new fungicide-candidate molecules and effective propolis samples for treatment.
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13
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Singab RA, Elleboudy NS, Elkhatib WF, Yassein MA, Hassouna NA. Improvement of caffeic acid biotransformation into para-hydroxybenzoic acid by Candida albicans CI-24 via gamma irradiation and model-based optimization. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:469-478. [PMID: 33576532 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) has great potential in biological applications due to its putative antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and its antimicrobial activity in the face of the radically increasing number of multidrug-resistant pathogens. This is in addition to its antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antiestrogenic, and antiplatelet aggregating activities. In this study, an approximate sixfold increase in the production of PHBA was achieved via biotransformation of caffeic acid by Candida albicans. The improvement was performed in two steps: first, through mutation by gamma irradiation (5 KGy dose), resulting in the recovery of a mutant (CI-24), which produced approximately triple the amount of PHBA produced by the wild-type isolate. Then, biotransformation by this mutant was further optimized via response surface methodology model-based optimization. The maximum PHBA production (7.47 mg/mL) was obtained in a fermentation medium composed of 1% w/v yeast extract as a nitrogen source, with an initial pH of 6.6, incubated at 28 °C at an agitation rate of 250 rpm. To further enhance the performance and economics of the process, cells of the CI-24 mutant were immobilized in calcium alginate beads and could retain an equivalent biotransformation capacity after three successive biotransformation cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Abdelnasser Singab
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nooran Sherif Elleboudy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid Faisal Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdulmegead Yassein
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia Adelhaleem Hassouna
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Bioactive Terpenes and Their Derivatives as Potential SARS-CoV-2 Proteases Inhibitors from Molecular Modeling Studies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010074. [PMID: 33430299 PMCID: PMC7825698 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus; the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Millions of cases and deaths to date have resulted in a global challenge for healthcare systems. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate, especially in elderly individuals with pre-existing chronic comorbidities. There are currently no effective therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, the identification of effective therapeutics is a necessity. Terpenes are the largest class of natural products that could serve as a source of new drugs or as prototypes for the development of effective pharmacotherapeutic agents. In the present study, we discuss the antiviral activity of these natural products and we perform simulations against the Mpro and PLpro enzymes of SARS-CoV-2. Our results strongly suggest the potential of these compounds against human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
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15
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Tejera E, Munteanu CR, López-Cortés A, Cabrera-Andrade A, Pérez-Castillo Y. Drugs Repurposing Using QSAR, Docking and Molecular Dynamics for Possible Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 M pro Protease. Molecules 2020; 25:E5172. [PMID: 33172092 PMCID: PMC7664330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wuhan, China was the epicenter of the first zoonotic transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 and it is the causative agent of the novel human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Almost from the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak several attempts were made to predict possible drugs capable of inhibiting the virus replication. In the present work a drug repurposing study is performed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors. We created a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model based on a machine learning strategy using hundreds of inhibitor molecules of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV coronavirus. The QSAR model was used for virtual screening of a large list of drugs from the DrugBank database. The best 20 candidates were then evaluated in-silico against the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 by using docking and molecular dynamics analyses. Docking was done by using the Gold software, and the free energies of binding were predicted with the MM-PBSA method as implemented in AMBER. Our results indicate that levothyroxine, amobarbital and ABP-700 are the best potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through their binding to the Mpro enzyme. Five other compounds showed also a negative but small free energy of binding: nikethamide, nifurtimox, rebimastat, apomine and rebastinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Tejera
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170513, Ecuador; (A.C.-A.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170513, Ecuador
| | - Cristian R. Munteanu
- Faculty of Computer Science, Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), University of A Coruna, 15007 A Coruña, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex of A Coruna (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
- Latin American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Andrade
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170513, Ecuador; (A.C.-A.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Carrera de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170513, Ecuador
| | - Yunierkis Pérez-Castillo
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170513, Ecuador; (A.C.-A.); (Y.P.-C.)
- Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170513, Ecuador
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