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Zhu X, Zhang X, Shen J, Zheng S, Li H, Han B, Zhang C, Chen M, Sun Q, Wu J. Gut microbiota-dependent modulation of pre-metastatic niches by Jianpi Yangzheng decoction in the prevention of lung metastasis of gastric cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155413. [PMID: 38513377 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-metastasis efficacy of Jianpi Yangzheng (JPYZ) decoction against gastric cancer (GC) and its potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The distant metastasis of GC cells administered via tail vein injection was assessed using the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) model. 16S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS/MS were applied to determine the component of the gut microbiota and content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces of mice, respectively. The proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the lung was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Serum or tissue levels of inflammation factors including IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β were determined by ELISA or Western blot respectively. RESULTS Injecting GC cells into the tail vein of mice led to the development of lung metastases and also resulted in alterations in the composition of gut microbiota and the levels of SCFAs produced. Nevertheless, JPYZ treatment robustly impeded the effect of GC cells administration. Mechanically, JPYZ treatment not only prevented the alteration in gut microbiota structure, but also restored the SCFAs content induced by GC cells administration. Specifically, JPYZ treatment recovered the relative abundance of genera Moryella, Helicobacter, Lachnoclostridium, Streptococcus, Tuzzerella, GCA-900066575, uncultured_Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and uncultured_bacterium_Muribaculaceae to near the normal control levels. In addition, JPYZ abrogated MDSCs accumulation in the lung tissue and blocked inflammation factors overproduction in the serum and lung tissues, which subsequently impede the formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Correlation analysis revealed that the prevalence of Rikenellaceae in the model group exhibited a positive correlation with MDSCs proportion and inflammation factor levels. Conversely, the scarcity of Muribaculaceae in the model group showed a negative correlation with these parameters. This suggests that JPYZ might exert an influence on the gut microbiota and their metabolites, such as SCFAs, potentially regulating the formation of the PMN and consequently impacting the outcome of GC metastasis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that GC cells facilitate metastasis by altering the gut microbiota composition, affecting the production of SCFAs, and recruiting MDSCs to create a pro-inflammatory pre-metastatic niche. JPYZ decoction counteracts this process by reshaping the gut microbiota structure, enhancing SCFA production, and inhibiting the formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment, thereby exerting an anti-metastatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Junyu Shen
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Huaizhi Li
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Bo Han
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qingmin Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology and Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Güven Gülhan Ü, Nikerel E, Çakır T, Erdoğan Sevilgen F, Durmuş S. Species-level identification of enterotype-specific microbial markers for colorectal cancer and adenoma. Mol Omics 2024. [PMID: 38780313 DOI: 10.1039/d4mo00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Enterotypes have been shown to be an important factor for population stratification based on gut microbiota composition, leading to a better understanding of human health and disease states. Classifications based on compositional patterns will have implications for personalized microbiota-based solutions. There have been limited enterotype based studies on colorectal adenoma and cancer. Here, an enterotype-based meta-analysis of fecal shotgun metagenomic studies was performed, including 1579 samples of healthy controls (CTR), colorectal adenoma (ADN) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in total. Gut microbiota of healthy people were clustered into three enterotypes (Ruminococcus-, Bacteroides- and Prevotella-dominated enterotypes). Reference-based enterotype assignments were performed for CRC and ADN samples, using the supervised machine learning algorithm, K-nearest neighbors. Differential abundance analyses and random forest classification were conducted on each enterotype between healthy controls and CRC-ADN groups, revealing novel enterotype-specific microbial markers for non-invasive CRC screening strategies. Furthermore, we identified microbial species unique to each enterotype that play a role in the production of secondary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, unveiling the correlation between cancer-associated gut microbes and dietary patterns. The enterotype-based approach in this study is promising in elucidating the mechanisms of differential gut microbiome profiles, thereby improving the efficacy of personalized microbiota-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ünzile Güven Gülhan
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, TR 41400, Turkey.
| | - Emrah Nikerel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TR 34755, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, TR 41400, Turkey.
- PhiTech Bioinformatics, Gebze, TR 41470, Turkey
| | - Fatih Erdoğan Sevilgen
- The Institute for Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, TR 34342, Turkey
- PhiTech Bioinformatics, Gebze, TR 41470, Turkey
| | - Saliha Durmuş
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, TR 41400, Turkey.
- PhiTech Bioinformatics, Gebze, TR 41470, Turkey
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Wang Q, Song YX, Wu XD, Luo YG, Miao R, Yu XM, Guo X, Wu DZ, Bao R, Mi WD, Cao JB. Gut microbiota and cognitive performance: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:38-47. [PMID: 38417715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have suggested a potential association between gut microbiota and neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive performance remains uncertain. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study used SNPs linked to gut microbiota (n = 18,340) and cognitive performance (n = 257,841) from recent GWAS data. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were employed. Heterogeneity was assessed via Cochran's Q test for IVW. Results were shown with funnel plots. Outliers were detected through leave-one-out method. MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger intercept tests were conducted to address horizontal pleiotropy influence. LIMITATIONS Limited to European populations, generic level, and potential confounding factors. RESULTS IVW analysis revealed detrimental effects on cognitive perfmance associated with the presence of genus Blautia (P = 0.013, 0.966[0.940-0.993]), Catenibacterium (P = 0.035, 0.977[0.956-0.998]), Oxalobacter (P = 0.043, 0.979[0.960-0.999]). Roseburia (P < 0.001, 0.935[0.906-0.965]), in particular, remained strongly negatively associated with cognitive performance after Bonferroni correction. Conversely, families including Bacteroidaceae (P = 0.043, 1.040[1.001-1.081]), Rikenellaceae (P = 0.047, 1.026[1.000-1.053]), along with genera including Paraprevotella (P = 0.044, 1.020[1.001-1.039]), Ruminococcus torques group (P = 0.016, 1.062[1.011-1.115]), Bacteroides (P = 0.043, 1.040[1.001-1.081]), Dialister (P = 0.027, 1.039[1.004-1.074]), Paraprevotella (P = 0.044, 1.020[1.001-1.039]) and Ruminococcaceae UCG003 (P = 0.007, 1.040[1.011-1.070]) had a protective effect on cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that interventions targeting specific gut microbiota may offer a promising avenue for improving cognitive function in diseased populations. The practical application of these findings has the potential to enhance cognitive performance, thereby improving overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yun-Gen Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ran Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - De-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wei-Dong Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang-Bei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Qian X, Chen Z, Ji XM, Ji YL, Wang J, Liu YC, Zhou XC, Li QL, Li CY, Zhang AQ. Qingfei mixture modulates the immune responses in lung cancer through modulating mTOR signaling and gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29404. [PMID: 38660245 PMCID: PMC11041045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks among the primary contributors to cancer-related fatalities on a global scale. Multiple research investigations have demonstrated that there exists a dysbiosis within the intestinal bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is linked with immune responses in lung cancer. Qingfei mixture (QFM) has been widely used in treating lung cancer, yet the active ingredients and roles of the QFM on immune responses by targeting gut microbiota remain to be elucidated. The chemical constituents of QFM were qualitatively examined by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Additionally, we evaluated the therapeutic impact of the organic substance QFM on lung cancer, aiming to elucidate its mechanisms for improving the tumor-immune microenvironment. Herein, we constructed a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice model with QFM treatment to observe tumor growth and immune cell changes. Then, the feces were collected and a combinatory study using metagenomes, non-targeted metabonomics, and targeted metabonomics of SCFAs was performed. In vitro experiments have been conducted to estimate the roles of acetate and sodium propionate in CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we treated tumor-bearing mice with QFM, QFM + MHY1485 (an mTOR activator), and QFM + an antibiotic mixture (ABX) to explore the potential therapeutic benefit of regulation of the tumor microenvironment. A total of 96 compounds were obtained from QFM by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Besides, the findings demonstrated that QFM exhibited significant efficacy against lung cancer, manifesting in reduced tumor growth and improved immune responses. In investigating its mechanisms, we integrated gut microbiota sequencing and fecal metabolomics, revealing that QFM effectively restored disruptions in gut microbiota and SCFAs in mice with lung cancer. QFM, acetate, or sodium propionate contributed to the up-regulation of IFN-γ, Gzms-B, perforin, IL-17, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α expressions and decreased HDAC and IL-10 levels in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MHY1485 and ABX weakened the effects of QFM on immunomodulation. Collectively, these results suggest that QFM may facilitate immune responses in the LLC-bearing mice via regulating the gut microbiota-derived SCFAs at least partially through targeting the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qian
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Ming Ji
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Jin Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Cai Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Chang-Yu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Wu QL, Fang XT, Wan XX, Ding QY, Zhang YJ, Ji L, Lou YL, Li X. Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced imbalance in microbiome-derived butyric acid levels promotes the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2018-2037. [PMID: 38681125 PMCID: PMC11045493 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i14.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally. Recent reports suggest that Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) contributes to the initiation, progression, and prognosis of CRC. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid derived from the bacterial fermentation of soluble dietary fiber, is known to inhibit various cancers. This study is designed to explore whether F. nucleatum influences the onset and progression of CRC by impacting the intestinal metabolite butyric acid. AIM To investigate the mechanism by which F. nucleatum affects CRC occurrence and development. METHODS Alterations in the gut microbiota of BALB/c mice were observed following the oral administration of F. nucleatum. Additionally, DLD-1 and HCT116 cell lines were exposed to sodium butyrate (NaB) and F. nucleatum in vitro to examine the effects on proliferative proteins and mitochondrial function. RESULTS Our research indicates that the prevalence of F. nucleatum in fecal samples from CRC patients is significantly greater than in healthy counterparts, while the prevalence of butyrate-producing bacteria is notably lower. In mice colonized with F. nucleatum, the population of butyrate-producing bacteria decreased, resulting in altered levels of butyric acid, a key intestinal metabolite of butyrate. Exposure to NaB can impair mitochondrial morphology and diminish mitochondrial membrane potential in DLD-1 and HCT116 CRC cells. Consequently, this leads to modulated production of adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, NaB triggers the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, blocks the cell cycle in HCT116 and DLD-1 cells, and curtails the proliferation of CRC cells. The combined presence of F. nucleatum and NaB attenuated the effects of the latter. By employing small interfering RNA to suppress AMPK, it was demonstrated that AMPK is essential for NaB's inhibition of CRC cell proliferation. CONCLUSION F. nucleatum can promote cancer progression through its inhibitory effect on butyric acid, via the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Fang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Yong Ding
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Liang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of One Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of One Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
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Verma A, Bhagchandani T, Rai A, Nikita, Sardarni UK, Bhavesh NS, Gulati S, Malik R, Tandon R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis-A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14648-14671. [PMID: 38585101 PMCID: PMC10993281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called "gut-lung axis". Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute and chronic effects on the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Microbes and their metabolites in lung stimulate various innate immune pathways, which modulate the expression of the inflammatory genes in pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (free fatty acid receptors) and can also inhibit histone deacetylase, which in turn influences the severity of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiome composition through probiotic/prebiotic usage and fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to alterations in lung homeostasis and immunity. The resulting manipulation of immune cells function through microbiota and their key metabolites paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in improving the lung health of individuals affected with various lung diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon the mechanistic aspect of immune system programming through gut and lung microbiota and exploration of the relationship between gut-lung microbiome and also highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tannu Bhagchandani
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Rai
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur Sardarni
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription
Regulation Group, International Centre for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sameer Gulati
- Department
of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College
(LHMC), New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Rupali Malik
- Department
of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College
and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Raoul P, Maccauro V, Cintoni M, Scarpellini E, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC, Rinninella E. Microbiota-Gastric Cancer Interactions and the Potential Influence of Nutritional Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1679. [PMID: 38338956 PMCID: PMC10855965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths, and GC treatments represent a large area of research. Although initially regarded as a sterile organ and unsuitable for microbial communities, the discovery of Helicobacter pylori made us realize that some microbes can colonize the stomach. In recent years, growing interest in gastric bacteria has expanded to the gut microbiota and, more recently, to the oral microbiota. Indeed, the oral-gastric-gut microbiota axis may play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, while changes in microbiota composition in GC patients can influence clinical outcomes. On the one hand, the microbiota and its metabolites may significantly influence the progression of GC, while anti-GC treatments such as gastrectomy and chemotherapy may significantly impact the oral-gastric-gut microbiota axis of GC patients. In this context, the role of nutritional therapies, including diet, prebiotics, and probiotics, in treating GC should not be underestimated. Wit this review, we aim to highlight the main role of the gastric, oral, and gut microbiota in GC onset and progression, representing potential future biomarkers for early GC detection and a target for efficient nutritional therapies during the course of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Raoul
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Valeria Maccauro
- School of Specialization in Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Translationeel Onderzoek van Gastro-Enterologische Aandoeningen (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University 11 Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Abdominal Surgery and Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Research and Training Center in Human Nutrition, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Ahmad F, Saha P, Singh V, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Nath Mishra B, Fagoonee S, Haque S. Diet as a modifiable factor in tumorigenesis: Focus on microbiome-derived bile acid metabolites and short-chain fatty acids. Food Chem 2023; 410:135320. [PMID: 36610090 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidences have implicated the resident microbiome as a key factor in the modulation of host physiology and pathophysiology; including the resistance to cancers. Gut microbiome heavily influences host lipid homeostasis by their modulatory effects on the metabolism of bile acids (BAs). Microbiota-derived BA metabolites such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) are implicated in the pathogeneses of various cancer types. The pathogenic mechanisms are multimodal in nature, with widespread influences on the host immunes system, cell survival and growth signalling and DNA damage. On the other hand, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the resident microbial activity on indigestible dietary fibres as well as during intermittent fasting regimens (such as the Ramazan fasting) elicit upregulation of the beneficial anti-inflammatory and anticancer pathways in the host. The present review first provides a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms of microbiota-derived lipid metabolites in promotion of tumour development. The authors then discuss the potential of diet as a therapeutic route for beneficial alteration of microbiota and the consequent changes in the production of SCFAs, particularly butyrate, in relation to the cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226021 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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Novoa Díaz MB, Carriere P, Gentili C. How the interplay among the tumor microenvironment and the gut microbiota influences the stemness of colorectal cancer cells. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:281-301. [PMID: 37342226 PMCID: PMC10277969 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most prevalent cancer disease and involves a multi-step process in which intestinal cells acquire malignant characteristics. It is well established that the appearance of distal metastasis in CRC patients is the cause of a poor prognosis and treatment failure. Nevertheless, in the last decades, CRC aggressiveness and progression have been attributed to a specific cell population called CRC stem cells (CCSC) with features like tumor initiation capacity, self-renewal capacity, and acquired multidrug resistance. Emerging data highlight the concept of this cell subtype as a plastic entity that has a dynamic status and can be originated from different types of cells through genetic and epigenetic changes. These alterations are modulated by complex and dynamic crosstalk with environmental factors by paracrine signaling. It is known that in the tumor niche, different cell types, structures, and biomolecules coexist and interact with cancer cells favoring cancer growth and development. Together, these components constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most recently, researchers have also deepened the influence of the complex variety of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal mucosa, collectively known as gut microbiota, on CRC. Both TME and microorganisms participate in inflammatory processes that can drive the initiation and evolution of CRC. Since in the last decade, crucial advances have been made concerning to the synergistic interaction among the TME and gut microorganisms that condition the identity of CCSC, the data exposed in this review could provide valuable insights into the biology of CRC and the development of new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriere
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Yang Q, Wang B, Zheng Q, Li H, Meng X, Zhou F, Zhang L. A Review of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Tumor Progression and Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207366. [PMID: 36951547 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are key hubs connecting the gut microbiome and cancer progression, primarily by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and regulating key signaling pathways in cancer cells and multiple immune cells. The use of microbial metabolites in radiotherapy and chemotherapy mitigates the severe side effects from treatment and improves the efficacy of treatment. Immunotherapy combined with microbial metabolites effectively activates the immune system to kill tumors and overcomes drug resistance. Consequently, various novel strategies have been developed to modulate microbial metabolites. Manipulation of genes involved in microbial metabolism using synthetic biology approaches directly affects levels of microbial metabolites, while fecal microbial transplantation and phage strategies affect levels of microbial metabolites by altering the composition of the microbiome. However, some microbial metabolites harbor paradoxical functions depending on the context (e.g., type of cancer). Furthermore, the metabolic effects of microorganisms on certain anticancer drugs such as irinotecan and gemcitabine, render the drugs ineffective or exacerbate their adverse effects. Therefore, a personalized and comprehensive consideration of the patient's condition is required when employing microbial metabolites to treat cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize the correlation between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and cancer, and to provide fresh ideas for future scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Yang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qinghui Zheng
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Heyu Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- International Biomed-X Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Infection & Immunity of International Institutes of Medicine The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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Doulidis PG, Galler AI, Hausmann B, Berry D, Rodríguez-Rojas A, Burgener IA. Gut microbiome signatures of Yorkshire Terrier enteropathy during disease and remission. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4337. [PMID: 36927871 PMCID: PMC10018597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome in developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in humans and dogs has received attention in recent years. Evidence suggests that IBD is associated with alterations in gut microbial composition, but further research is needed in veterinary medicine. The impact of IBD treatment on the gut microbiome needs to be better understood, especially in a breed-specific form of IBD in Yorkshire Terriers known as Yorkshire Terrier Enteropathy (YTE). This study aimed to investigate the difference in gut microbiome composition between YTE dogs during disease and remission and healthy Yorkshire Terriers. Our results showed a significant increase in specific taxa such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus, and a decrease in Bacteroides, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, and Phascolarctobacterium in YTE dogs compared to healthy controls. No significant difference was found between the microbiome of dogs in remission and those with active disease, suggesting that the gut microbiome is affected beyond clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos G Doulidis
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra I Galler
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Extracellular Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Surrogate Marker of Prominent Malignant Potential in Colonic Polyps: A 2-Year Prospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061702. [PMID: 36980589 PMCID: PMC10046025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims: The implications of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), a cancer metabokine, in colonic polyps remain uncertain. Methods: A 2-year prospective cohort study of patients who underwent colonoscopy was conducted. Biochemical parameters and serum eNAMPT levels were analyzed at baseline and every 24 weeks postpolypectomy. NAMPT-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs61330082, rs2302559, rs10953502, and rs23058539, were assayed. Results: Of 532 patients, 80 (15%) had prominent malignant potential (PMP) in colonic polyps, including villous adenomas (n = 18, 3.3%), adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (n = 33, 6.2%), and adenocarcinomas (n = 29, 5.5%). Baseline associations were as follows: colonic polyp pathology (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.019), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.023) with eNAMPT levels; and age (p < 0.001), polyp size (p < 0.001), and eNAMPT levels (p < 0.001) with polyp pathology. Higher baseline eNAMPT levels were noted in patients harboring polyps with PMP than in patients without PMP (p < 0.001), and baseline eNAMPT levels significantly predicted PMP (cutoff: >4.238 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Proportions of eNAMPT-positive glandular and stromal cells were higher in polyps with PMP than in polyps without PMP (64.55 ± 11.94 vs. 14.82 ± 11.45%, p = 0.025). eNAMPT levels decreased within 48 weeks postpolypectomy (p = 0.01) and remained stable afterward regardless of PMP until 96 weeks postpolypectomy. However, those with PMP had a higher degree of eNAMPT decline within 24 weeks (p = 0.046). All investigated SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other but were not associated with eNAMPT levels. Conclusion: With a link to inflammation and lipid metabolism, along with its decreasing trend after polypectomy, serum eNAMPT may serve as a surrogate marker of PMP in colonic polyps. In situ probing of the NAMPT-associated pathway holds promise in attenuating PMP, as much of the eNAMPT likely originates from colonic polyps.
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13
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Ruiz A, Andree KB, Furones D, Holhorea PG, Calduch-Giner JÀ, Viñas M, Pérez-Sánchez J, Gisbert E. Modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal immune response in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata) by dietary bile salt supplementation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123716. [PMID: 37168118 PMCID: PMC10166234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their role in lipid digestion, feed supplementation with bile salts could be an economic and sustainable solution to alterations in adiposity and intestinal inflammation generated by some strategies currently used in aquaculture. An important part of the metabolism of bile salts takes place in the intestine, where the microbiota transforms them into more toxic forms. Consequently, we aimed to evaluate the gut immune response and microbial populations in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a diet supplemented with a blend of bile salts with proven background as a regulator of lipid metabolism and fat content. After the 90-day feeding trial, a differential modulation of the microbiota between the anterior and posterior intestine was observed. While in the anterior intestine the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota doubled, in the posterior intestine, the levels of Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Campylobacterota were reduced when supplementing the diet with bile salts. Even so, only in the anterior intestine, there was a decrease in estimated richness (Chao1 and ACE indices) in presence of dietary bile salts. No significant differences were displayed in alpha (Shannon and Simpson indices) nor beta-diversity, showing that bile sales did not have a great impact on the intestinal microbiota. Regarding the gene expression profile in 2 h postprandial-fish, several changes were observed in the analyzed biomarkers of epithelial integrity, nutrient transport, mucus production, interleukins, cell markers, immunoglobulin production and pathogen recognition receptors. These results may indicate the development of an intestinal immune-protective status to tackle future threats. This work also suggests that this immune response is not only regulated by the presence of the dietary bile salts in the intestine, but also by the microbial populations that are in turn modulated by bile salts. After a fasting period of 2 days, the overall gene expression profile was stabilized with respect to fish fed the unsupplemented diet, indicating that the effect of bile salts was transient after short periods of fasting. On the balance, bile salts can be used as a dietary supplement to enhance S. aurata farming and production without compromising their intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruiz
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
- Ph.D. Program in Aquaculture, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alberto Ruiz,
| | - Karl B. Andree
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Dolors Furones
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Paul G. Holhorea
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep À. Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Castellón, Spain
| | - Marc Viñas
- Sustainability in Biosystems, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) Torre Marimon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Castellón, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de La Ràpita, La Ràpita, Spain
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14
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Transcriptome and Gut Microbiota Profiling Analysis of ANIT-Induced Cholestasis and the Effects of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi Decoction Intervention. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0324222. [PMID: 36409145 PMCID: PMC9769994 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03242-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is characterized by bile acid (BA) circulation disorders, which is usually related to damage of hepatocyte barrier function. Currently, patients with cholestasis face several obstacles in seeking diagnosis and therapy. Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction (DHXSD) is an ancient classic formula that has been used clinically for cholestasis treatment. Nevertheless, the underlying biological activities and therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, an alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis rat model was established to examine the anticholestatic effects of DHXSD using histopathological and molecular analyses. Transcriptomic analysis combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was systematically applied to study the mechanism of action of DHXSD. Simultaneously, the effect of DHXSD on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and intestinal barrier function were evaluated based on the ANIT-induced cholestasis model in rats. The results showed that DHXSD effectively attenuated ANIT-induced cholestasis by reducing liver function indicators (alanine transaminase [ALT], P < 0.05; alkaline phosphatase [ALP], P < 0.05; total bile acid [TBA], P < 0.01; γ-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], P < 0.001) and levels of hepatotoxicity-related enzymes (P < 0.05), thus improving the recovery of histopathological injuries, and regulating levels of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis combined with intestinal barrier function analysis revealed that the DHXSD significantly ameliorated ANIT-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Significantly altered genes in the model and treatment groups were screened using transcriptomic analysis. Sixty-eight genes and four microbial genera were simultaneously altered with opposing trends in variation after ANIT and DHXSD treatments. We built a framework for predicting targets and host-microbe interaction mechanisms, as well as identifying alternative treatment for cholestasis, which should be validated further for clinical application. In conclusion, DHXSD appears to be a promising agent for protection against liver injury. IMPORTANCE Cholestasis is a serious manifestation of liver diseases resulting in liver injury, fibrosis, and liver failure with limited therapies. To date, only ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cholestasis. However, approximately one-third of patients with cholestasis are unresponsive to UDCA. Therefore, it is urgent to search for appropriate therapeutic agents for restoring stoppage status of the bile components to treat cholestasis. In this study, we investigated how the microbiome and transcriptome data sets correlated with each other to clarify the role of microbiome alterations in host metabolism. In combination, this research offers potential molecular biomarkers that should be validated for more accurate diagnosis of cholestasis and the clinical utilisation of gut microbiota as a target for treatment.
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15
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Bozomitu L, Miron I, Adam Raileanu A, Lupu A, Paduraru G, Marcu FM, Buga AML, Rusu DC, Dragan F, Lupu VV. The Gut Microbiome and Its Implication in the Mucosal Digestive Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123117. [PMID: 36551874 PMCID: PMC9775516 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most studied compartments of the human body as it hosts the largest microbial community including trillions of germs. The relationship between the human and its associated flora is complex, as the microbiome plays an important role in nutrition, metabolism and immune function. With a dynamic composition, influenced by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, there is an equilibrium maintained in the composition of GI microbiota, translated as "eubiosis". Any disruption of the microbiota leads to the development of different local and systemic diseases. This article reviews the human GI microbiome's composition and function in healthy individuals as well as its involvement in the pathogenesis of different digestive disorders. It also highlights the possibility to consider flora manipulation a therapeutic option when treating GI diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bozomitu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ingrith Miron
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Adam Raileanu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Gabriela Paduraru
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mihai Marcu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Laura Buga
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Carmen Rusu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Felicia Dragan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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16
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Smith MM, Melrose J. Xylan Prebiotics and the Gut Microbiome Promote Health and Wellbeing: Potential Novel Roles for Pentosan Polysulfate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091151. [PMID: 36145372 PMCID: PMC9503530 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review highlights the complexities of the gut microbiome and health-promoting properties of prebiotic xylans metabolized by the gut microbiome. In animal husbandry, prebiotic xylans aid in the maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome. This prevents the colonization of the gut by pathogenic organisms obviating the need for dietary antibiotic supplementation, a practice which has been used to maintain animal productivity but which has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria that are passed up the food chain to humans. Seaweed xylan-based animal foodstuffs have been developed to eliminate ruminant green-house gas emissions by gut methanogens in ruminant animals, contributing to atmospheric pollution. Biotransformation of pentosan polysulfate by the gut microbiome converts this semi-synthetic sulfated disease-modifying anti-osteoarthritic heparinoid drug to a prebiotic metabolite that promotes gut health, further extending the therapeutic profile and utility of this therapeutic molecule. Xylans are prominent dietary cereal components of the human diet which travel through the gastrointestinal tract as non-digested dietary fibre since the human genome does not contain xylanolytic enzymes. The gut microbiota however digest xylans as a food source. Xylo-oligosaccharides generated in this digestive process have prebiotic health-promoting properties. Engineered commensal probiotic bacteria also have been developed which have been engineered to produce growth factors and other bioactive factors. A xylan protein induction system controls the secretion of these compounds by the commensal bacteria which can promote gut health or, if these prebiotic compounds are transported by the vagal nervous system, may also regulate the health of linked organ systems via the gut–brain, gut–lung and gut–stomach axes. Dietary xylans are thus emerging therapeutic compounds warranting further study in novel disease prevention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern Campus, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Majewski M, Mertowska P, Mertowski S, Smolak K, Grywalska E, Torres K. Microbiota and the Immune System-Actors in the Gastric Cancer Story. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153832. [PMID: 35954495 PMCID: PMC9367521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stomach cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. Although the number of new cases is decreasing year by year, the death rate for this type of cancer is still high. The heterogeneous course and the lack of symptoms in the early stages of the disease mean that the diagnosis is made late, which translates into a worse prognosis for such patients. That is why it is so important to analyze potential risk factors that may increase the risk of developing gastric cancer and to search for new effective methods of treatment. These requirements are met by the analysis of the composition of the gastric microbiota and its relationship with the immune system, which is a key element in the human anti-cancer fight. This publication was created to systematize the current knowledge on the impact of dysbiosis of human microbiota on the development and progression of gastric cancer. Particular emphasis was placed on taking into account the role of the immune system in this process. Abstract Gastric cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world, with a relatively high mortality rate. Due to the heterogeneous course of the disease, its diagnosis and treatment are limited and difficult, and it is associated with a reduced prognosis for patients. That is why it is so important to understand the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of this cancer, with particular emphasis on the role of risk factors. According to the literature data, risk factors include: changes in the composition of the stomach and intestinal microbiota (microbiological dysbiosis and the participation of Helicobacter pylori), improper diet, environmental and genetic factors, and disorders of the body’s immune homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematize the knowledge on the influence of human microbiota dysbiosis on the development and progression of gastric cancer, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Majewski
- 2nd Department of General, Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Sebastian Mertowski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Smolak
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Torres
- Chair and Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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18
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Wang Z, Liu J, Li F, Luo Y, Ge P, Zhang Y, Wen H, Yang Q, Ma S, Chen H. The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: The protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106321. [PMID: 35752356 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in regulating the intestinal homeostasis, as well as the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI) is widely recognized. The bioactive functions of metabolites with small molecule weight and the detail molecular mechanisms of PALI mediated by "gut-lung axis" have gradually raised the attentions of researchers. Several studies have proved that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiome play crucial roles and varied activities in the process of PALI. However, relevant reviews reporting SCFAs in the involvement of PALI is lacking. In this review, we firstly introduced the synthetic and metabolic pathways of SCFAs, as well as the transport and signal transduction routes in brief. Afterwards, we focused on the possible mechanisms and clues of SCFAs to participate in the fight against PALI which referred to the inhibition of pathogen proliferation, anti-inflammatory effects, enhancement of intestinal barrier functions, and the maintenance and regulation of immune homeostasis via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In addition, the latest reported pathological and physiological mechanisms of the gut-lung axis involved in PALI were reviewed. Finally, we summarized the potential therapeutic interventions of PALI by targeting SCFAs, including dietary fiber supplementation, direct supplementation of SCFAs/prebiotics/probiotics, and drugs administration, which is expected to provide new sights for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Haiyun Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China.
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China.
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