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Yang M, Weng K, Guo Y, Huang L, Chen J, Lu H. GRP78 promotes bone metastasis of prostate cancer by regulating bone microenvironment through Sonic hedgehog signaling. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:494-509. [PMID: 38085107 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the leading cause of tumor-related deaths in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The interactions between PCa and the bone microenvironment form a vicious cycle. However, the complex molecular mechanism by which PCa regulates the bone microenvironment remains unclear. To determine the role of glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in bone metastasis and growth, we established intracardiac injection and tibial injection models, and performed their histological staining. To assess the effect of GRP78 on the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, we performed cell co-culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, alizarin red staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. We found that GRP78 is upregulated in PCa tissues and that its upregulation is associated with PCa progression in patients. Functional experiments showed that GRP78 overexpression in PCa cells considerably promotes bone metastasis and induces bone microstructure changes. Silencing GRP78 substantially inhibits the migration and invasion of PCa cells in vitro and bone metastasis and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, GRP78 promotes the migration and invasion of PCa cells via the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway. Cell co-culture showed that GRP78 promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts through Shh signaling. Our findings suggest that tumor-bone matrix interactions owing to GRP78-activated paracrine Shh signaling by PCa cells regulate the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This process promotes bone metastasis and the proliferation of PCa cells in the bone microenvironment. Targeting the GRP78/Shh axis can serve as a therapeutic strategy to prevent bone metastasis and improve the quality of life of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsheng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kangqiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Junquan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Yuan S, Hoggard NK, Kantake N, Hildreth BE, Rosol TJ. Effects of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) on Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2695. [PMID: 38067123 PMCID: PMC10705757 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblastic bone metastases are commonly detected in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and are associated with an increased mortality rate. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) antagonizes canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and plays a complex role in bone metastases. We explored the function of cancer cell-specific DKK-1 in PCa growth, metastasis, and cancer-bone interactions using the osteoblastic canine PCa cell line, Probasco. Probasco or Probasco + DKK-1 (cells transduced with human DKK-1) were injected into the tibia or left cardiac ventricle of athymic nude mice. Bone metastases were detected by bioluminescent imaging in vivo and evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histopathology. Cancer cell proliferation, migration, gene/protein expression, and their impact on primary murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts, were evaluated in vitro. DKK-1 increased cancer growth and stimulated cell migration independent of canonical WNT signaling. Enhanced cancer progression by DKK-1 was associated with increased cell proliferation, up-regulation of NF-kB/p65 signaling, inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis by down-regulation of non-canonical WNT/JNK signaling, and increased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes. In addition, DKK-1 attenuated the osteoblastic activity of Probasco cells, and bone metastases had decreased cancer-induced intramedullary woven bone formation. Decreased bone formation might be due to the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and stimulation of osteoclast activity through a decrease in the OPG/RANKL ratio in the bone microenvironment. The present study indicated that the cancer-promoting role of DKK-1 in PCa bone metastases was associated with increased growth of bone metastases, reduced bone induction, and altered signaling through the canonical WNT-independent pathway. DKK-1 could be a promising therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Nathan K. Hoggard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Blake E. Hildreth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
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3
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Boeschen M, Kuhn CK, Wirtz H, Seyfarth HJ, Frille A, Lordick F, Hacker UT, Obeck U, Stiller M, Bläker H, von Laffert M. Comparative bioinformatic analysis of KRAS, STK11 and KEAP1 (co-)mutations in non-small cell lung cancer with a special focus on KRAS G12C. Lung Cancer 2023; 184:107361. [PMID: 37699269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutations in STK11 (STK11MUT) and KEAP1 (KEAP1MUT) occur frequently in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are often co-mutated with KRAS. Several studies linked the co-occurrence of KRASMUT + STK11MUT, as well as KRASMUT + KEAP1MUT to reduced response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and even a negative impact on survival. Data focusing STK11 + KEAP1 co-mutations or the triple mutation (KRAS + STK11 + KEAP1) are scarce. The recent availability of KRAS-G12C inhibitors increases the clinical relevance of those co-mutations in KRAS-mutated NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis encompassing six datasets retrieved from cBioPortal. RESULTS Independent of the treatment, triple mutations and STK11MUT + KEAP1MUT were significantly associated with a reduced overall survival (OS). Across treatments, OS of patients with a KRAS G12C triple mutation was significantly reduced compared to patients with KRAS G12C-only. Under ICI-therapy, there was no significant difference in OS between patients harboring the KRAS G12C-only and patients with the KRAS G12C triple mutation, but a significant difference between patients harboring KRAS non-G12C and KRAS non-G12C triple mutations. Triple mutated primary tumors showed a significantly increased frequency of distant metastases to bone and adrenal glands compared to KRAS-only mutated tumors. Additionally, our drug response analysis in cancer cell lines harboring the triple mutations revealed the WNT pathway inhibitor XAV-939 as a potential future drug candidate for this mutational situation. CONCLUSION The triple mutation status may serve as a negative prognostic and predictive factor across treatments compared to KRASMUT-only. KRAS G12C generally seems to be a negative predictive marker for ICI-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Boeschen
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christina Katharina Kuhn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hubert Wirtz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Hans-Jürgen Seyfarth
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Armin Frille
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Medicine II, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich T Hacker
- Department of Medicine II, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Obeck
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Stiller
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bläker
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian von Laffert
- Institute of Pathology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Liebigstraße 26, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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4
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Xiang C, Li Y, Wang W, Tao H, Liang N, Wu S, Yu T, Cui X, Xie Y, Zuo H, Lin C, Xu F. Joint analysis of WES and RNA-Seq identify signature genes related to metastasis in prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2023. [PMID: 37378426 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a certain degree of heritability, and metastasis occurs as cancer progresses. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. We sequenced four cases of cancer without metastasis, four metastatic cancer, and four benign hyperplasia tissues as controls. A total of 1839 damaging mutations were identified. Pathway analysis, gene clustering, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were employed to find characteristics associated with metastasis. Chr19 had the most mutation density and 1p36 had the highest mutation frequency across the genome. These mutations occurred in 1630 genes, including the most frequently mutated genes TTN and PLEC, and dozens of metastasis-related genes, such as FOXA1, NCOA1, CD34, and BRCA2. Ras signalling and arachidonic acid metabolism were uniquely enriched in metastatic cancer. Gene programmes 10 and 11 showed the signatures indicating the occurrence of metastasis better. A module (135 genes) was specifically associated with metastasis. Of them, 67.41% reoccurred in program 10, with 26 genes further retained as the signature genes related to PCa metastasis, including AGR3, RAPH1, SOX14, DPEP1, and UBL4A. Our study provides new molecular perspectives on PCa metastasis. The signature genes and pathways could be served as potential therapeutic targets for metastasis or cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Xiang
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yue Li
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Huiying Tao
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Tianxi Yu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yaqi Xie
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongwei Zuo
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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5
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Verma P, Shukla N, Kumari S, Ansari M, Gautam NK, Patel GK. Cancer stem cell in prostate cancer progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188887. [PMID: 36997008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed malignancy in the men worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the sub-population of cells present in the tumor which possess unique properties of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation thus thought to be major cause of therapy resistance, disease relapse, and mortality in several malignancies including PCa. CSCs have also been shown positive for the common stem cells markers such as ALDH EZH2, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, Nanog etc. Therefore, isolation and characterization of CSCs specific markers which may discriminate CSCs and normal stem cells are critical to selectively eliminate CSCs. Rapid advances in the field offers a theoretical explanation for many of the enduring uncertainties encompassing the etiology and an optimism for the identification of new stem-cell targets, development of reliable and efficient therapies in the future. The emerging reports have also provided unprecedented insights into CSCs plasticity, quiescence, renewal, and therapeutic response. In this review, we discuss the identification of PCa stem cells, their unique properties, stemness-driving pathways, new diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions.
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6
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Akova Ölken E, Aszodi A, Taipaleenmäki H, Saito H, Schönitzer V, Chaloupka M, Apfelbeck M, Böcker W, Saller MM. SFRP2 Overexpression Induces an Osteoblast-like Phenotype in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244081. [PMID: 36552843 PMCID: PMC9777425 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer bone metastasis is still one of the most fatal cancer diagnoses for men. Survival of the circulating prostate tumor cells and their adaptation strategy to survive in the bone niche is the key point to determining metastasis in early cancer stages. The promoter of SFRP2 gene, encoding a WNT signaling modulator, is hypermethylated in many cancer types including prostate cancer. Moreover, SFRP2 can positively regulate osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we showed SFRP2 overexpression in the prostate cancer cell line PC3 induces an epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), increases the attachment, and modifies the transcriptome towards an osteoblast-like phenotype (osteomimicry) in a collagen 1-dependent manner. Our data reflect a novel molecular mechanism concerning how metastasizing prostate cancer cells might increase their chance to survive within bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Akova Ölken
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU Hospital, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), LMU Hospital, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Veronika Schönitzer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Chaloupka
- Urologischen Klinik und Poliklinik, LMU Hospital, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Maria Apfelbeck
- Urologischen Klinik und Poliklinik, LMU Hospital, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-55486
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7
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Wnt Signaling in the Development of Bone Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233934. [PMID: 36497192 PMCID: PMC9739050 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling occurs through evolutionarily conserved pathways that affect cellular proliferation and fate decisions during development and tissue maintenance. Alterations in these highly regulated pathways, however, play pivotal roles in various malignancies, promoting cancer initiation, growth and metastasis and the development of drug resistance. The ability of cancer cells to metastasize is the primary cause of cancer mortality. Bone is one of the most frequent sites of metastases that generally arise from breast, prostate, lung, melanoma or kidney cancer. Upon their arrival to the bone, cancer cells can enter a long-term dormancy period, from which they can be reactivated, but can rarely be cured. The activation of Wnt signaling during the bone metastasis process was found to enhance proliferation, induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, promote the modulation of the extracellular matrix, enhance angiogenesis and immune tolerance and metastasize and thrive in the bone. Due to the complexity of Wnt pathways and of the landscape of this mineralized tissue, Wnt function during metastatic progression within bone is not yet fully understood. Therefore, we believe that a better understanding of these pathways and their roles in the development of bone metastasis could improve our understanding of the disease and may constitute fertile ground for potential therapeutics.
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8
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Boopathi E, Birbe R, Shoyele SA, Den RB, Thangavel C. Bone Health Management in the Continuum of Prostate Cancer Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4305. [PMID: 36077840 PMCID: PMC9455007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. PCa cells require androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their growth and survival. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic PCa disease. Despite their initial response to androgen blockade, most patients eventually will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Bone metastases are common in men with mCRPC, occurring in 30% of patients within 2 years of castration resistance and in >90% of patients over the course of the disease. Patients with mCRPC-induced bone metastasis develop lesions throughout their skeleton; the 5-year survival rate for these patients is 47%. Bone-metastasis-induced early changes in the bone that proceed the osteoblastic response in the bone matrix are monitored and detected via modern magnetic resonance and PET/CT imaging technologies. Various treatment options, such as targeting osteolytic metastasis with bisphosphonates, prednisone, dexamethasone, denosumab, immunotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, surgery, and pain medications are employed to treat prostate-cancer-induced bone metastasis and manage bone health. However, these diagnostics and treatment options are not very accurate nor efficient enough to treat bone metastases and manage bone health. In this review, we present the pathogenesis of PCa-induced bone metastasis, its deleterious impacts on vital organs, the impact of metastatic PCa on bone health, treatment interventions for bone metastasis and management of bone- and skeletal-related events, and possible current and future therapeutic options for bone management in the continuum of prostate cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettickan Boopathi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ruth Birbe
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Sunday A. Shoyele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert B. Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSUHSC Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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9
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He Y, Xu W, Xiao YT, Huang H, Gu D, Ren S. Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:198. [PMID: 35750683 PMCID: PMC9232569 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men globally. Due to advances in understanding genomic landscapes and biological functions, the treatment of PCa continues to improve. Recently, various new classes of agents, which include next-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide), bone-targeting agents (radium-223 chloride, zoledronic acid), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib) have been developed to treat PCa. Agents targeting other signaling pathways, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6, Ak strain transforming (AKT), wingless-type protein (WNT), and epigenetic marks, have successively entered clinical trials. Furthermore, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents such as 177Lu-PSMA-617 are promising theranostics that could improve both diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefits in PCa, whereas subgroups of PCa with mismatch repair (MMR) or CDK12 inactivation may benefit from ICIs treatment. In this review, we summarized the targeted agents of PCa in clinical trials and their underlying mechanisms, and further discussed their limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Tai HC, Wang SW, Swain S, Lin LW, Tsai HC, Liu SC, Wu HC, Guo JH, Liu CL, Lai YW, Lin TH, Yang SF, Tang CH. Melatonin suppresses the metastatic potential of osteoblastic prostate cancers by inhibiting integrin α 2 β 1 expression. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12793. [PMID: 35174530 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer often develops into bone metastasis, which is characterized by aberrant bone formation with chronic pain and lower chances of survival. No treatment exists as yet for osteoblastic bone metastasis in prostate cancer. The indolamine melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a major regulator of the circadian rhythm. Melatonin has shown antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities but has not yet been shown to be active in osteoblastic bone lesions of prostate cancer. Our study investigations reveal that melatonin concentration-dependently decreases the migratory and invasive abilities of two osteoblastic prostate cancer cell lines by inhibiting FAK, c-Src, and NF-κB transcriptional activity via the melatonin MT1 receptor, which effectively inhibits integrin α2 β1 expression. Melatonin therapy appears to offer therapeutic possibilities for reducing osteoblastic bone lesions in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ching Tai
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sanskruti Swain
- International Master Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chin Wu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hung Guo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lai
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Huang Lin
- Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- International Master Program of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Sethakorn N, Heninger E, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Ding AB, Yada RC, Kerr SC, Kosoff D, Beebe DJ, Lang JM. Advancing Treatment of Bone Metastases through Novel Translational Approaches Targeting the Bone Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:757. [PMID: 35159026 PMCID: PMC8833657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases represent a lethal condition that frequently occurs in solid tumors such as prostate, breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas, and increase the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs) including pain, pathologic fractures, and spinal cord compression. This unique metastatic niche consists of a multicellular complex that cancer cells co-opt to engender bone remodeling, immune suppression, and stromal-mediated therapeutic resistance. This review comprehensively discusses clinical challenges of bone metastases, novel preclinical models of the bone and bone marrow microenviroment, and crucial signaling pathways active in bone homeostasis and metastatic niche. These studies establish the context to summarize the current state of investigational agents targeting BM, and approaches to improve BM-targeting therapies. Finally, we discuss opportunities to advance research in bone and bone marrow microenvironments by increasing complexity of humanized preclinical models and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to translational research in this challenging metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sethakorn
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Adeline B. Ding
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Ravi Chandra Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Sheena C. Kerr
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - David Kosoff
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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12
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Furesi G, de Jesus Domingues AM, Alexopoulou D, Dahl A, Hackl M, Schmidt JR, Kalkhof S, Kurth T, Taipaleenmäki H, Conrad S, Hofbauer C, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC. Exosomal miRNAs from Prostate Cancer Impair Osteoblast Function in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1285. [PMID: 35163219 PMCID: PMC8836054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent malignancy in older men with a high propensity for bone metastases. Characteristically, PCa causes osteosclerotic lesions as a result of disrupted bone remodeling. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in PCa progression by conditioning the pre-metastatic niche. However, how EVs mediate the cross-talk between PCa cells and osteoprogenitors in the bone microenvironment remains poorly understood. We found that EVs derived from murine PCa cell line RM1-BM increased metabolic activity, vitality, and cell proliferation of osteoblast precursors by >60%, while significantly impairing mineral deposition (-37%). The latter was further confirmed in two complementary in vivo models of ossification. Accordingly, gene and protein set enrichments of osteoprogenitors exposed to EVs displayed significant downregulation of osteogenic markers and upregulation of proinflammatory factors. Additionally, transcriptomic profiling of PCa-EVs revealed the abundance of three microRNAs, miR-26a-5p, miR-27a-3p, and miR-30e-5p involved in the suppression of BMP-2-induced osteogenesis in vivo, suggesting the critical role of these EV-derived miRNAs in PCa-mediated suppression of osteoblast activity. Taken together, our results indicate the importance of EV cargo in cancer-bone cross-talk in vitro and in vivo and suggest that exosomal miRNAs may contribute to the onset of osteosclerotic bone lesions in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Furesi
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.F.); (S.C.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Dimitra Alexopoulou
- DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, DFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.A.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Johannes R. Schmidt
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.R.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.R.S.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Coburg, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technology Platform, EM and Histology Facility, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany;
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.F.); (S.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Christine Hofbauer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.F.); (S.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.F.); (S.C.); (M.R.)
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13
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GDF15 promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis and colonization through osteoblastic CCL2 and RANKL activation. Bone Res 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35058441 PMCID: PMC8776828 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in patients with advanced-stage prostate cancer (PCa). The cell-cell interaction between PCa and the bone microenvironment forms a vicious cycle that modulates the bone microenvironment, increases bone deformities, and drives tumor growth in the bone. However, the molecular mechanisms of PCa-mediated modulation of the bone microenvironment are complex and remain poorly defined. Here, we evaluated growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) function using in vivo preclinical PCa-bone metastasis mouse models and an in vitro bone cell coculture system. Our results suggest that PCa-secreted GDF15 promotes bone metastases and induces bone microarchitectural alterations in a preclinical xenograft model. Mechanistic studies revealed that GDF15 increases osteoblast function and facilitates the growth of PCa in bone by activating osteoclastogenesis through osteoblastic production of CCL2 and RANKL and recruitment of osteomacs. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the critical role of GDF15 in the modulation of the bone microenvironment and subsequent development of PCa bone metastasis.
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14
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Wang C, Chen Q, Xu H. Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway in prostate cancer and associated drug resistance. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:40. [PMID: 35201496 PMCID: PMC8777554 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer ranks second in cancer burden of the men. It occurs more frequently in black men compared to white or Asian men. Usually, high rates exist for men aged 60 and above. In this review, we focus on the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway in prostate cancer since many studies have reported that β-catenin can function as an oncogene and is important in Wnt signaling. We also relate its expression to the androgen receptor and MMP-7 protein, both critical to prostate cancer pathogenesis. Some mutations in the androgen receptor also impact the androgen-β-catenin axis and hence, lead to the progression of prostate cancer. We have also reviewed MiRNAs that modulate this pathway in prostate cancer. Finally, we have summarized the impact of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins in the drug resistance of prostate cancer as it is a challenging facet of therapy development due to the complexity of signaling pathways interaction and cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wang
- Urology Department, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Huachao Xu
- Department of Urologic Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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15
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Mediterranean Diet Food Components as Possible Adjuvant Therapies to Counteract Breast and Prostate Cancer Progression to Bone Metastasis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091336. [PMID: 34572548 PMCID: PMC8470063 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a serious and often lethal complication of particularly frequent carcinomas, such as breast and prostate cancers, which not only reduces survival but also worsens the patients’ quality of life. Therefore, it is important to find new and/or additional therapeutic possibilities that can counteract the colonization of bone tissue. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is effective in the prevention of cancer and improves cancer patients’ health, thus, here, we considered its impact on bone metastasis. We highlighted some molecular events relevant for the development of a metastatic phenotype in cancer cells and the alterations of physiological bone remodeling, which occur during skeleton colonization. We then considered those natural compounds present in MD foods with a recognized role to inhibit or reverse the metastatic process both in in vivo and in vitro systems, and we reported the identified mechanisms of action. The knowledge of this bioactivity by the dietary components of the MD, together with its wide access to all people, could help not only to maintain healthy status but also to improve the quality of life of patients with bone metastases.
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16
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Effect of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and SP600125, a JNK Inhibitor, on Wnt Signaling in Canine Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Metastases. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080153. [PMID: 34437475 PMCID: PMC8402794 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) upregulates a noncanonical Wnt/JNK pathway, resulting in osteoclast stimulation, cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. Ace-1-Dkk-1, a canine prostate cancer (PCa) cell line overexpressing Dkk-1, was used to investigate Wnt signaling pathways in PCa tumor growth. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, was used to examine whether it would decrease tumor growth and bone tumor phenotype in canine PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. Ace-1-VectorYFP-Luc and Ace-1-Dkk-1YFP-Luc cells were transplanted subcutaneously, while Ace-1-Dkk-1YFP-Luc was transplanted intratibially into nude mice. The effects of Dkk-1 and SP600125 on cell proliferation, in vivo tumor growth, and bone tumor phenotype were investigated. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt/JNK-related genes were measured using RT-qPCR. Dkk-1 significantly increased the mRNA expression of Wnt/JNK-signaling-related genes. SP600125 significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation genes and downregulated osteoclastic-bone-lysis-related genes in vitro. SP600125 significantly decreased tumor volume and induced spindle-shaped tumor cells in vivo. Mice bearing intratibial tumors had increased radiographic density of the intramedullary new bone, large foci of osteolysis, and increased cortical lysis with abundant periosteal new bone formation. Finally, SP600125 has the potential to serve as an alternative adjuvant therapy in some early-stage PCa patients, especially those with high Dkk-1 expression.
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17
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Moon HH, Clines KL, O'Day PJ, Al-Barghouthi BM, Farber EA, Farber CR, Auchus RJ, Clines GA. Osteoblasts Generate Testosterone From DHEA and Activate Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1566-1579. [PMID: 33900658 PMCID: PMC8565089 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a complication of prostate cancer in up to 90% of men afflicted with advanced disease. Therapies that reduce androgen exposure remain at the forefront of treatment. However, most prostate cancers transition to a state whereby reducing testicular androgen action becomes ineffective. A common mechanism of this transition is intratumoral production of testosterone (T) using the adrenal androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) through enzymatic conversion by 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3βHSD and 17βHSD). Given the ability of prostate cancer to form blastic metastases in bone, we hypothesized that osteoblasts might be a source of androgen synthesis. RNA expression analyses of murine osteoblasts and human bone confirmed that at least one 3βHSD and 17βHSD enzyme isoform was expressed, suggesting that osteoblasts are capable of generating androgens from adrenal DHEA. Murine osteoblasts were treated with 100 nM and 1 μM DHEA or vehicle control. Conditioned media from these osteoblasts were assayed for intermediate and active androgens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. As DHEA was consumed, the androgen intermediates androstenediol and androstenedione were generated and subsequently converted to T. Conditioned media of DHEA-treated osteoblasts increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production, and cell numbers of the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B and LNCaP. DHEA did not induce AR signaling in osteoblasts despite AR expression in this cell type. We describe an unreported function of osteoblasts as a source of T that is especially relevant during androgen-responsive metastatic prostate cancer invasion into bone. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katrina L Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick J O'Day
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Emily A Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Endocrinology & Metabolism Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Endocrinology & Metabolism Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Chen F, Han Y, Kang Y. Bone marrow niches in the regulation of bone metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1912-1920. [PMID: 33758331 PMCID: PMC8184962 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow has been widely recognised to host a unique microenvironment that facilitates tumour colonisation. Bone metastasis frequently occurs in the late stages of malignant diseases such as breast, prostate and lung cancers. The biology of bone metastasis is determined by tumour-cell-intrinsic traits as well as their interaction with the microenvironment. The bone marrow is a dynamic organ in which various stages of haematopoiesis, osteogenesis, osteolysis and different kinds of immune response are precisely regulated. These different cellular components constitute specialised tissue microenvironments-niches-that play critical roles in controlling tumour cell colonisation, including initial seeding, dormancy and outgrowth. In this review, we will dissect the dynamic nature of the interactions between tumour cells and bone niches. By targeting certain steps of tumour progression and crosstalk with the bone niches, the development of potential therapeutic approaches for the clinical treatment of bone metastasis might be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yujiao Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Cancer Metabolism and Growth Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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19
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Fontanella RA, Sideri S, Di Stefano C, Catizone A, Di Agostino S, Angelini DF, Guerrera G, Battistini L, Battafarano G, Del Fattore A, Campese AF, Padula F, De Cesaris P, Filippini A, Riccioli A. CD44v8-10 is a marker for malignant traits and a potential driver of bone metastasis in a subpopulation of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0495. [PMID: 34018387 PMCID: PMC8330537 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone metastasis is a clinically important outcome of prostate carcinoma (PC). We focused on the phenotypic and functional characterization of a particularly aggressive phenotype within the androgen-independent bone metastasis-derived PC3 cell line. These cells, originated from the spontaneous conversion of a CD44-negative subpopulation, stably express the CD44v8-10 isoform (CD44v8-10pos) and display stem cell-like features and a marked invasive phenotype in vitro that is lost upon CD44v8-10 silencing. METHODS Flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunoassay, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used for phenotypic and immunologic characterization. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and functional assays were used to assess osteomimicry. RESULTS Analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers showed that CD44v8-10pos PC3 cells surprisingly display epithelial phenotype and can undergo osteomimicry, acquiring bone cell phenotypic and behavioral traits. Use of specific siRNA evidenced the ability of CD44v8-10 variant to confer osteomimetic features, hence the potential to form bone-specific metastasis. Moreover, the ability of tumors to activate immunosuppressive mechanisms which counteract effective immune responses is a sign of the aggressiveness of a tumor. Here we report that CD44v8-10pos cells express programmed death ligand 1, a negative regulator of anticancer immunity, and secrete exceptionally high amounts of interleukin-6, favoring osteoclastogenesis and immunosuppression in bone microenvironment. Notably, we identified a novel pathway activated by CD44v8-10, involving tafazzin (TAZ) and likely the Wnt/TAZ axis, known to play a role in upregulating osteomimetic genes. CONCLUSIONS CD44v8-10 could represent a marker of a more aggressive bone metastatic PC population exerting a driver role in osteomimicry in bone. A novel link between TAZ and CD44v8-10 is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria A. Fontanella
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Silvia Sideri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Stefano
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angiolina Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Department of Health Sciences School of Medicine – “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Padula
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Paola De Cesaris
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
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20
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Kreps LM, Addison CL. Targeting Intercellular Communication in the Bone Microenvironment to Prevent Disseminated Tumor Cell Escape from Dormancy and Bone Metastatic Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062911. [PMID: 33805598 PMCID: PMC7998601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they are essentially incurable. Bone metastasis is a complex process involving not only intravasation of tumor cells from the primary tumor into circulation, but extravasation from circulation into the bone where they meet an environment that is generally suppressive of their growth. The bone microenvironment can inhibit the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) by inducing dormancy of the DTC directly and later on following formation of a micrometastatic tumour mass by inhibiting metastatic processes including angiogenesis, bone remodeling and immunosuppressive cell functions. In this review we will highlight some of the mechanisms mediating DTC dormancy and the complex relationships which occur between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the bone metastatic microenvironment. These inter-cellular interactions may be important targets to consider for development of novel effective therapies for the prevention or treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Kreps
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Christina L. Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7700
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21
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Li R, Zheng C, Wang Q, Bi E, Yang M, Hou J, Fu W, Yi Q, Qian J. Identification of an immunogenic DKK1 long peptide for immunotherapy of human multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2021; 106:838-846. [PMID: 32079700 PMCID: PMC7927895 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.236836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), broadly expressed by tumor cells from human
multiple myeloma (MM) and other cancers but absent from most
normal tissues, may be an ideal target for immunotherapy. Our previous
studies have shown that DKK1 (peptide)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes
can effectively lyse primary MM cells in vitro. To develop DKK1-based
vaccines that can be easily and inexpensively made and used by all patients,
we identified a DKK1 long peptide (LP), DKK13-76-LP, that contains 74 amino
acids and epitopes that can potentially bind to all major MHC class I and II
molecules. Using HLA-A*0201- and HLA-DR*4-transgenic mouse models,
we found that DKK1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, detected by
DKK1 short peptide (P20 and P66v)-HLA-A*0201 tetramer staining and cytotoxic
assay for CD8+ T cells or by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl
ester (CSFE) dilution and IFN-g secretion for CD4+ T cells, respectively, can
be induced in vivo by immunizing mice with the DKK13-76-LP. In addition,
DKK13-76-LP also induced anti-DKK1 humoral immunity in the transgenic
mice and the DKK1 antibodies were functional. Finally, DKK13-76-LP stimulated
human blood T cells ex vivo to generate DKK1-specific CD4+ and CD8+
T-cell responses from 8 out of 10 MM patients with different MHC backgrounds.
The generated DKK1-specific CD8+ cells efficiently lysed autologous
MM cells from these patients. Thus, these results confirm the immunogenicity
of the DKK13-76-LP in eliciting DKK1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell
responses in vitro and in vivo, and suggest that the DKK13-76-LP can be used for
immunotherapy of MM and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA,The Center of Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma, ChangZheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China,Navy Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Enguang Bi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Maojie Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Jian Hou
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Fu
- The Center of Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma, ChangZheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Jianfei Qian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
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22
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Chen PC, Liu SC, Lin TH, Lin LW, Wu HC, Tai HC, Wang SW, Tang CH. Prostate cancer-secreted CCN3 uses the GSK3β and β-catenin pathways to enhance osteogenic factor levels in osteoblasts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:425-432. [PMID: 33107671 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer osteoblastic bone metastases are incurable and associated with chronic bone pain and a high mortality rate. Osteoclast-targeting drugs intended to prevent skeletal-related events associated with prostate cancer bone metastases do not prolong overall survival. Improved understanding of the bone-derived factors that contribute to prostate cancer osteoblastic bone metastases is required to design treatments that will improve morbidities and overall survival. Activated osteoblasts stimulate prostate cancer growth in bone. In this study, we report that prostate cancer conditioned medium (CM) promoted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, -4 and -7 production and the expression of osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and osterix in osteoblasts. Treating the prostate cancer CM with antibody against CCN3 (nephroblastoma-overexpressed), a cysteine-rich protein that belongs to the CCN family, reduced all of these increases. Incubation of osteoblasts with CCN3 facilitated phosphorylation of GSK3β and β-catenin. GSK3β and β-catenin inhibitors or siRNAs all abolished CCN3-induced promotion of BMPs, Runx2 and osterix expression in osteoblasts. Our results indicate that prostate cancer-secreted CCN3 enhances BMP, Runx2 and osterix expression in osteoblasts via the GSK3β and β-catenin signaling pathways. This understanding of the role played by CCN3 in osteoblastic prostate bone metastasis may lead to more efficient targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Huang Lin
- Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chin Wu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Ching Tai
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Liu PI, Chang AC, Lai JL, Lin TH, Tsai CH, Chen PC, Jiang YJ, Lin LW, Huang WC, Yang SF, Tang CH. Melatonin interrupts osteoclast functioning and suppresses tumor-secreted RANKL expression: implications for bone metastases. Oncogene 2021; 40:1503-1515. [PMID: 33452455 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-related bone erosion occurs frequently in bone metastasis and is associated with severe complications such as chronic bone pain, fractures, and lower survival rates. In recognition of the fact that the darkness hormone melatonin is capable of regulating bone homeostasis, we explored its therapeutic potential in bone metastasis. We found that melatonin directly reduces osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption activity and promotes apoptosis of mature osteoclasts. We also observed that melatonin inhibits RANKL production in lung and prostate cancer cells by downregulating the p38 MAPK pathway, which in turn prevents cancer-associated osteoclast differentiation. In lung and prostate bone metastasis models, twice-weekly melatonin treatment markedly reduced tumor volumes and numbers of osteolytic lesions. Melatonin also substantially lowered the numbers of TRAP-positive osteoclasts in tibia bone marrow and RANKL expression in tumor tissue. These findings show promise for melatonin in the treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-I Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Huang Lin
- Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jing Jiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Wei Lin
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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24
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Hochheuser C, Windt LJ, Kunze NY, de Vos DL, Tytgat GA, Voermans C, Timmerman I. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neuroblastoma: Exploring Crosstalk and Therapeutic Implications. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:59-78. [PMID: 33287630 PMCID: PMC7826431 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid cancer in childhood, accounting for 15% of cancer-related deaths in children. In high-risk NB patients, the majority suffers from metastasis. Despite intensive multimodal treatment, long-term survival remains <40%. The bone marrow (BM) is among the most common sites of distant metastasis in patients with high-risk NB. In this environment, small populations of tumor cells can persist after treatment (minimal residual disease) and induce relapse. Therapy resistance of these residual tumor cells in BM remains a major obstacle for the cure of NB. A detailed understanding of the microenvironment and its role in tumor progression is of utmost importance for improving the treatment efficiency of NB. In BM, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute an important part of the microenvironment, where they support hematopoiesis and modulate immune responses. Their role in tumor progression is not completely understood, especially for NB. Although MSCs have been found to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor growth, and metastasis and to induce chemoresistance, some reports point toward a tumor-suppressive effect of MSCs. In this review, we aim to compile current knowledge about the role of MSCs in NB development and progression. We evaluate arguments that depict tumor-supportive versus -suppressive properties of MSCs in the context of NB and give an overview of factors involved in MSC-NB crosstalk. A focus lies on the BM as a metastatic niche, since that is the predominant site for NB metastasis and relapse. Finally, we will present opportunities and challenges for therapeutic targeting of MSCs in the BM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hochheuser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens J. Windt
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Y. Kunze
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dieuwke L. de Vos
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carlijn Voermans
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Timmerman
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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25
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Liu X, Shi D, Guo L, Zhou X, Shang M, Sun X, Meng D, Zhao Y, Li J. Echogenic, Ultrasound-Sensitive Chitosan Nanodroplets for Spatiotemporally Controlled DKK-2 Gene Delivery to Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:421-432. [PMID: 33488078 PMCID: PMC7815087 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s286474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To synthesize echogenic chitosan/perfluorohexane nanodroplets (CNDs) for DKK-2 gene delivering in a spatiotemporally controlled manner in vitro. Methods The characteristics, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, DNA binding and DNase protection capacity, DKK-2 gene transfection and effects on LNCaP cells of these CNDs were investigated. Results The obtained CNDs showed positive surface charges and could attract the genetic cargo with negative surface charges to form nanocomplexes. Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed binding of the CNDs and pDNA. DKK-2 pDNA-loaded CNDs, in combination with ultrasound, ruptured and released DKK-2 pDNA, entering LNCaP cells through nano-scale pores in the cell membrane, which further reduced the proliferation of LNCaP cells. Conclusion These stable and safe CNDs may be a promising choice to achieve efficient ultrasound-mediated gene delivery to specific tissues in a spatiotemporally controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yading Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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26
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Clézardin P, Coleman R, Puppo M, Ottewell P, Bonnelye E, Paycha F, Confavreux CB, Holen I. Bone metastasis: mechanisms, therapies, and biomarkers. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:797-855. [PMID: 33356915 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastases are frequent complications of many cancers, causing bone complications (fractures, bone pain, disability) that negatively affect the patient's quality of life. Here, we first discuss the burden of skeletal complications in cancer bone metastasis. We then describe the pathophysiology of bone metastasis. Bone metastasis is a multistage process: long before the development of clinically detectable metastases, circulating tumor cells settle and enter a dormant state in normal vascular and endosteal niches present in the bone marrow, which provide immediate attachment and shelter, and only become active years later as they proliferate and alter the functions of bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) and bone-forming (osteoblasts) cells, promoting skeletal destruction. The molecular mechanisms involved in mediating each of these steps are described, and we also explain how tumor cells interact with a myriad of interconnected cell populations in the bone marrow, including a rich vascular network, immune cells, adipocytes, and nerves. We discuss metabolic programs that tumor cells could engage with to specifically grow in bone. We also describe the progress and future directions of existing bone-targeted agents and report emerging therapies that have arisen from recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of bone metastases. Finally, we discuss the value of bone turnover biomarkers in detection and monitoring of progression and therapeutic effects in patients with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Coleman
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Margherita Puppo
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Bonnelye
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Paycha
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille B Confavreux
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Rhumatologie Sud, CEMOS-Centre Expert des Métastases Osseuses, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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27
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Hochheuser C, van Zogchel LMJ, Kleijer M, Kuijk C, Tol S, van der Schoot CE, Voermans C, Tytgat GAM, Timmerman I. The Metastatic Bone Marrow Niche in Neuroblastoma: Altered Phenotype and Function of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3231. [PMID: 33147765 PMCID: PMC7692745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The bone marrow (BM) is the main site of metastases and relapse in patients with neuroblastoma (NB). BM-residing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were shown to promote tumor cell survival and chemoresistance. Here we characterize the MSC compartment of the metastatic NB BM niche. Methods: Fresh BM of 62 NB patients (all stages), and control fetal and adult BM were studied by flow cytometry using well-established MSC-markers (CD34-, CD45-, CD90+, CD105+), and CD146 and CD271 subtype-markers. FACS-sorted BM MSCs and tumor cells were validated by qPCR. Moreover, isolated MSCs were tested for multilineage differentiation and Colony-forming-unit-fibroblasts (CFU-Fs) capacity. Results: Metastatic BM contains a higher number of MSCs (p < 0.05) with increased differentiation capacity towards the osteoblast lineage. Diagnostic BM contains a MSC-subtype (CD146+CD271-), only detected in BM of patients with metastatic-NB, determined by flow cytometry. FACS-sorting clearly discriminated MSC(-subtypes) and NB fractions, validated by mRNA and DNA qPCR. Overall, the CD146+CD271- subtype decreased during therapy and was detected again in the majority of patients at relapse. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the neuroblastoma BM-MSC compartment is different in quantity and functionality and contains a metastatic-niche-specific MSC-subtype. Ultimately, the MSCs contribution to tumor progression could provide targets with potential for eradicating resistant metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hochheuser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (C.V.); (G.A.M.T.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Lieke M. J. van Zogchel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marion Kleijer
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (C.V.); (G.A.M.T.)
| | - Carlijn Kuijk
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (C.V.); (G.A.M.T.)
| | - Simon Tol
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (C.V.); (G.A.M.T.)
| | - Godelieve A. M. Tytgat
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (C.V.); (G.A.M.T.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ilse Timmerman
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (M.K.); (C.K.); (C.V.); (G.A.M.T.)
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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28
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Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
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29
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Molla MDS, Katti DR, Iswara J, Venkatesan R, Paulmurugan R, Katti KS. Prostate Cancer Phenotype Influences Bone Mineralization at Metastasis: A Study Using an In Vitro Prostate Cancer Metastasis Testbed. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10256. [PMID: 32083238 PMCID: PMC7017885 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two types of prostate cancer cell lines, highly metastatic PC-3 and low metastatic MDA PCa 2b (PCa) were cultured on bone mimetic scaffolds to recapitulate metastasis to bone. A unique in vitro 3D tumor model that uses a sequential culture (SC) of human mesenchymal stem cells followed by seeding with cancer cells after bone formation was initiated to study the phenotype-specific interaction between prostate cancer cells and bone microenvironment. The PCa cells were observed to be less prolific and less metastatic, and to form multicellular tumoroids in the bone microenvironment, whereas PC-3 cells were more prolific and were highly metastatic, and did not form multicellular tumoroids in the bone microenvironment. The metastatic process exhibited by these two prostate cancer cell lines showed a significant and different effect on bone mineralization and extracellular matrix formation. Excessive bone formation in the presence of PC-3 and significant osteolysis in the presence of PCa were observed, which was also indicated by osteocalcin and MMP-9 expression as measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR. The field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the structure of mineralized collagen in the presence of PC-3 is different than the one observed in healthy bone. All experimental results indicated that both osteolytic and osteoblastic bone lesions can be recapitulated in our tumor testbed model and that different cancer phenotypes have a very different influence on bone at metastasis. The 3D in vitro model presented in this study provides an improved, reproducible, and controllable system that is a useful tool to elucidate osteotropism of prostate cancer cells. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- MD Shahjahan Molla
- Center for Engineered Cancer TestbedsNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA
- Scintillon InstituteSan DiegoUSA
| | - Dinesh R Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer TestbedsNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA
| | - Jairam Iswara
- Department of Urology, Saint Elizabeth's Medical CenterTufts UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Renugopalkrishnan Venkatesan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Center for Life SciencesBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of RadiologyCellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Stanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Kalpana S Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer TestbedsNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA
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30
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Abstract
More than 80% of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) experience bone metastasis, which negatively impacts overall survival and patient quality of life. Various mouse models have been used to study the mechanisms of bone metastasis over the years; however, there is currently no model that fully recapitulates what happens in humans because bone metastasis rarely occurs in spontaneous PCa mouse models. Nevertheless, animal models of bone metastasis using several different tumor inoculation routes have been developed to help study bone metastatic progression, which occurs particularly in late-stage PCa patients. This chapter describes the protocols commonly used to develop models of bone metastatic cancer in mice using different percutaneous injection methods (Intracardiac and Intraosseous). These models are useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of bone metastatic progression, including tumor tissue tropism and tumor growth within the bone marrow microenvironment. Better understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes will clearly lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for PCa patients with bone metastases.
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31
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Zhuang X, Zhang H, Hu G. Cancer and Microenvironment Plasticity: Double-Edged Swords in Metastasis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:419-429. [PMID: 31078320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer initiates at one site (primary tumor) and, in most cases, spreads to other distant organs (metastasis). During the multistep process of metastasis, primary tumor cells acquire cellular and phenotypic plasticity to survive and thrive in different environments. Moreover, cancer cells also utilize and educate microenvironmental components by reshaping them into accomplices of metastasis. Recent studies have identified a plethora of new molecular and cellular modulators of metastasis that have dynamic or even opposite roles, dominating the phenotypic plasticity of both tumoral and microenvironmental components. In this review we discuss their bipotential functions and the possible underpinning mechanisms, as well as their implications for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Zhuang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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32
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Xiang L, Gilkes DM. The Contribution of the Immune System in Bone Metastasis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040999. [PMID: 30823602 PMCID: PMC6412551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is associated with significant morbidity for cancer patients and results in a reduced quality of life. The bone marrow is a fertile soil containing a complex composition of immune cells that may actually provide an immune-privileged niche for disseminated tumor cells to colonize and proliferate. In this unique immune milieu, multiple immune cells including T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and neutrophils are involved in the process of bone metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the crosstalk between immune cells in bone microenvironment and their involvement with cancer cell metastasis to the bone. Furthermore, we will highlight the anti-tumoral and pro-tumoral function of each immune cell type that contributes to bone metastasis. We will end with a discussion of current therapeutic strategies aimed at sensitizing immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Breast & Ovarian Cancer Program, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Pashirzad M, Shafiee M, Khazaei M, Fiuji H, Ryzhikov M, Soleimanpour S, Hesari A, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potency of Wnt signaling antagonists in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, current status and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1237-1247. [PMID: 30191954 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in males. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of this disease by regulating angiogenesis, drug resistance, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Suppression of Wnt canonical or noncanonical signaling pathways via Wnt biological or pharmacological antagonists is a potentially novel therapeutic approach for patients with prostate cancer. This review summarizes the role of Wnt signaling inhibitors in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Payam-e-Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - AmirReza Hesari
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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34
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Colditz J, Thiele S, Baschant U, Niehrs C, Bonewald LF, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Postnatal Skeletal Deletion of Dickkopf-1 Increases Bone Formation and Bone Volume in Male and Female Mice, Despite Increased Sclerostin Expression. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1698-1707. [PMID: 29734465 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a negative regulator of osteoblast function and bone mass. However, because of the lack of appropriate models, many aspects of its role in the regulation of postnatal bone turnover and its cellular source have remained unknown. In this study, we deleted Dkk1 postnatally and in different cell types using various Cre-drivers (Rosa26-ERT2-Cre, Osx-cre, Dmp1-Cre) and assessed to which extent cells of the osteoblastic lineage contribute to the effects of Dkk1 on bone turnover and homeostasis. Female and male mice were examined at 12 weeks of age. Mice with a global or cell type-specific deletion of Dkk1 showed a two- to threefold higher bone volume compared with their Cre-negative littermates. The mineral apposition rate and the bone formation rate were increased two- to fourfold in all three mouse lines, despite a significant increase in systemic and skeletal levels of sclerostin. Dkk1 deletion further reduced the number of osteoclasts about twofold, which was accompanied by a strong decrease in the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin mRNA ratio in femoral bone. Despite similar increases in bone mass, the deletion of Dkk1 in osterix-expressing cells reduced circulating Dkk1 significantly (males, -79%; females, -77%), whereas they were not changed in Dkk1fl/fl ;Dmp1-Cre mice. However, both lines showed significantly reduced Dkk1 mRNA levels in bone. In summary, we show that lack of Dkk1 in cells of the osteoblastic lineage leads to high bone mass with increased bone formation, despite increased levels of sclerostin. Moreover, the majority of systemic Dkk1 appears to originate from osteoprogenitors but not from mature osteoblasts or osteocytes. Nevertheless, the amount of Dkk1 produced locally by more mature osteogenic cells is sufficient to modulate bone mass. Thus, this study highlights the importance of local Wnt signaling on postnatal bone homeostasis. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Colditz
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia Thiele
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Baschant
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced disease is driven by the lack of therapeutic regimens capable of generating durable responses in the setting of extreme tumor heterogeneity on the genetic and cell biological levels. Here, we review available prostate cancer model systems, the prostate cancer genome atlas, cellular and functional heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance, and technological advances focused on disease detection and management. These advances, along with an improved understanding of the adaptive responses to conventional cancer therapies, anti-androgen therapy, and immunotherapy, are catalyzing development of more effective therapeutic strategies for advanced disease. In particular, knowledge of the heterotypic interactions between and coevolution of cancer and host cells in the tumor microenvironment has illuminated novel therapeutic combinations with a strong potential for more durable therapeutic responses and eventual cures for advanced disease. Improved disease management will also benefit from artificial intelligence-based expert decision support systems for proper standard of care, prognostic determinant biomarkers to minimize overtreatment of localized disease, and new standards of care accelerated by next-generation adaptive clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Li X, Yang J, Bao M, Zeng K, Fu S, Wang C, Ye L. Wnt signaling in bone metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2018; 208:33-45. [PMID: 29969609 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis frequently occurs in advanced cancer patients, who will develop osteogenic/osteolytic bone lesions in the late stage of the disease. Wnt signaling pathway, which is mainly grouped into the β-catenin dependent pathway and β-catenin independent pathway, is a well-organized cascade that has been reported to play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions, including bone metastasis. Regulation of Wnt signaling in bone metastasis involves multiple stages, including dissemination of primary tumor cells to bone, dormancy and outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells, and tumor-induced osteogenic and osteolytic bone destruction, suggesting the importance of Wnt signaling in bone metastasis pathology. In this review, we will introduce the involvement of Wnt signaling components in specific bone metastasis stages and summarize the promising Wnt modulators that have shown potential as bone metastasis therapeutics, in the hope to maximize the therapeutic opportunities of Wnt signaling for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Abstract
Bone metastasis, or the development of secondary tumors within the bone of cancer patients, is a debilitating and incurable disease. Despite its morbidity, the biology of bone metastasis represents one of the most complex and intriguing of all oncogenic processes. This complexity derives from the intricately organized bone microenvironment in which the various stages of hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, and osteolysis are jointly regulated but spatially restricted. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) from various common malignancies such as breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancers or myeloma are uniquely primed to subvert these endogenous bone stromal elements to grow into pathological osteolytic or osteoblastic lesions. This colonization process can be separated into three key steps: seeding, dormancy, and outgrowth. Targeting the processes of dormancy and initial outgrowth offers the most therapeutic promise. Here, we discuss the concepts of the bone metastasis niche, from controlling tumor-cell survival to growth into clinically detectable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Esposito
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Theresa Guise
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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38
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Clines KL, Clines GA. DKK1 and Kremen Expression Predicts the Osteoblastic Response to Bone Metastasis. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:873-882. [PMID: 29772510 PMCID: PMC6051964 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a complication of advanced breast and prostate cancer. Tumor-secreted Dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1), an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling and osteoblast differentiation, was proposed to regulate the osteoblastic response to metastatic cancer in bone. The objectives of this study were to compare DKK1 expression with the in vivo osteoblastic response in a panel of breast and prostate cancer cell lines, and to discover mechanisms that regulate cancer DKK1 expression. DKK1 expression was highest in MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells that produce osteolytic lesions, and hence a suppressed osteoblastic response, in animal models of bone metastasis. LnCaP, C4-2B, LuCaP23.1, T47D, ZR-75-1, MCF-7, ARCaP and ARCaPM cancer cells that generate osteoblastic, mixed or no bone lesions had the lowest DKK1 expression. The cell lines with negligible expression, LnCaP, C4-2B and T47D, exhibited methylation of the DKK1 promoter. Canonical Wnt signaling activity was then determined and found in all cell lines tested, even in the MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cell lines despite sizeable amounts of DKK1 protein expression expected to block canonical Wnt signaling. A mechanism of DKK1 resistance in the osteolytic cell lines was investigated and determined to be at least partially due to down-regulation of the DKK1 receptors Kremen1 and Kremen2 in the MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cell lines. Combined DKK1 and Kremen expression in cancer cells may serve as predictive markers of the osteoblastic response of breast and prostate cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI.
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39
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Hong SA, Yoo SH, Lee HH, Sun DS, Won HS, Kim O, Ko YH. Prognostic value of Dickkopf-1 and ß-catenin expression in advanced gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:506. [PMID: 29720122 PMCID: PMC5930854 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a Wnt/ß-catenin pathway antagonist related to gastric cancer (GC) carcinogenesis. However, the prognostic role of combined DKK1 and ß-catenin expression in advanced GC (AGC) is not clear. Methods In total, 158 patients with AGC who underwent gastric resection were enrolled in this study. DKK1 and ß-catenin expression was evaluated in whole tumor sections by immunohistochemistry. Results DKK1 expression was high in 73 (46.2%) patients, while ß-catenin expression was positive in 51 (32.3%) patients. The expression of DKK1 was positively correlated with that of ß-catenin (P < 0.001). The combined expression of DKK1 and ß-catenin was significantly associated with high N stage (N2 and N3) (P = 0.042). In addition, patients with high DKK expression demonstrated poorer overall (OS) (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.001). However, there were no differences between high DKK1 expression with ß-catenin positivity and high DKK1 expression with ß-catenin negativity (OS, P = 0.379: DFS, P = 0.255). Multivariate analysis revealed that high DKK1 alone or high DKK1 with ß-catenin positivity were independent prognostic factors for both OS (high DKK1: hazard ratio [HR], 2.130; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.370–3.312, P = 0.001; high DKK1 with ß-catenin positivity: HR, 2.140; 95% CI, 1.343–3.409: P = 0.001) and DFS (high DKK1: HR, 2.092; 95% CI, 1.180–3.708; P = 0.012; high DKK1 with ß-catenin positivity: HR, 2.357; 95% CI, 1.291–4.306; P = 0.005). Conclusion Our results indicate that high DKK1 expression regardless of ß-catenin positivity is a crucial prognostic factor for predicting tumor recurrence and survival in patients with resected AGC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4420-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hosptial, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Yoo
- Medical Clinic Laboratory Department of U2Bio Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hong Lee
- Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Der Sheng Sun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpodaero, Seochogu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sung Won
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpodaero, Seochogu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Okran Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Ko
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpodaero, Seochogu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Tseng JC, Lin CY, Su LC, Fu HH, Yang SD, Chuu CP. CAPE suppresses migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells via activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38010-38024. [PMID: 27191743 PMCID: PMC5122368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) was the fifth most common cancer overall in the world. More than 80% of patients died from PCa developed bone metastases. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a main bioactive component of honeybee hive propolis. Transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that CAPE treatment suppressed the migration and invasion of PC-3 and DU-145 PCa cells. Gelatin zymography and Western blotting indicated that CAPE treatment reduced the abundance and activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2. Analysis using Micro-Western Array (MWA), a high-throughput antibody-based proteomics platform with 264 antibodies detecting signaling proteins involved in important pathways indicated that CAPE treatment induced receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway but suppressed abundance of β-catenin, NF-κB activity, PI3K-Akt signaling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Overexpression or knockdown of ROR2 suppressed or enhanced cell migration of PC-3 cells, respectively. TCF-LEF promoter binding assay revealed that CAPE treatment reduced canonical Wnt signaling. Intraperitoneal injection of CAPE reduced the metastasis of PC-3 xenografts in tail vein injection nude mice model. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that CAPE treatment increased abundance of ROR2 and Wnt5a but decreased protein expression of Ki67, Frizzle 4, NF-κB p65, MMP-9, Snail, β-catenin, and phosphorylation of IκBα. Clinical evidences suggested that genes affected by CAPE treatment (CTNNB1, RELA, FZD5, DVL3, MAPK9, SNAl1, ROR2, SMAD4, NFKBIA, DUSP6, and PLCB3) correlate with the aggressiveness of PCa. Our study suggested that CAPE may be a potential therapeutic agent for patients with advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chih Tseng
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chen Su
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Der Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,Graduate Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Abstract
Metastasis is defined as a very inefficient process, since less than 0.01% of cancer cells injected into the circulation will engraft in a distant organ, where they must acquire the ability to survive and proliferate inside a "foreign" environment. In bone metastases, the interaction with the host organ is much more favoured if tumour cells gain "osteomimicry", that is the ability to resemble a resident bone cell (i.e. the osteoblast), thus intruding in the physiology of the bone. This is accomplished by the expression of osteoblast markers (e.g. alkaline phosphatase) and the production of bone matrix proteins and paracrine factors which deregulate the physiology of bone, fuelling the so-called "vicious cycle". The main challenge of researchers is therefore to identify the genetic profile determining the osteotropism of tumour cells, which would eventually lead to bone colonisation. This could likely provide the answer to a quite intriguing question, that is why some cancers, such as prostate and breast, have a specific predilection to metastasise to the bone. Therefore, it is important to completely address the molecular mechanisms underlying this aspect of bone oncology, identifying relevant pathways, the targeting of which could make any type of bone metastasis curable or avoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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42
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Shizhuo W, Tao J, Shulan Z, Bing Z. The Expression and Significance of Dickkopf-1 in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 24:165-70. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080902400306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and prognostic value of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The expression of DKK1 was determined in 56 epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissues, 35 benign ovarian cystadenoma tissues, and 12 normal ovarian tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The DKK1 mRNA level in the carcinoma tissues was upregulated (5.5±2.7-fold increase) compared with that in the normal tissues (p<0.0001). The mRNA level of DKK1 in the cystadenoma tissues (1.1±0.4-fold increase) was not statistically different from that in the normal tissues (p=0.486). DKK1 protein expression in the carcinoma tissues was also higher (89.29%) than in cystadenoma (65.71%) and normal tissues (58.33%) (p=0.006 and p=0.009, respectively). In epithelial ovarian carcinoma, DKK1 gene and protein overexpression was associated with advanced FIGO stage (p=0.007, p=0.004) and poor differentiation grade (p=0.027, p=0.010). Elevated DKK1 protein levels in ovarian carcinoma samples were associated with a poor outcome in univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). The study indicated that DKK1 may be a useful prognostic and diagnostic indicator for epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shizhuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province
| | - Jiang Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province
| | - Zhang Shulan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province
| | - Zhang Bing
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province - China
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43
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AlShaibi HF, Ahmed F, Buckle C, Fowles AC, Awlia J, Cecchini MG, Eaton CL. The BMP antagonist Noggin is produced by osteoblasts in response to the presence of prostate cancer cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:407-418. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huda F. AlShaibi
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismMedical SchoolUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Center of Excellence in Genomic MedicineKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Clive Buckle
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismMedical SchoolUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Ann C.M. Fowles
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismMedical SchoolUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Jalaluddin Awlia
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Colby L. Eaton
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismMedical SchoolUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom
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Deplus R, Delliaux C, Marchand N, Flourens A, Vanpouille N, Leroy X, de Launoit Y, Duterque-Coquillaud M. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion promotes prostate cancer metastases in bone. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11827-11840. [PMID: 28055969 PMCID: PMC5355307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the major deleterious event in prostate cancer (PCa). TMPRSS2-ERG fusion is one of the most common chromosomic rearrangements in PCa. However, its implication in bone metastasis development is still unclear. Since bone metastasis starts with the tropism of cancer cells to bone through specific migratory and invasive processes involving osteomimetic capabilities, it is crucial to better our understanding of the influence of TMPRSS2-ERG expression in the mechanisms underlying the bone tropism properties of PCa cells. We developed bioluminescent cell lines expressing the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in order to assess its role in tumor growth and bone metastasis appearance in a mouse model. First, we showed that the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion increases cell migration and subcutaneous tumor size. Second, using intracardiac injection experiments in mice, we showed that the expression of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion increases the number of metastases in bone. Moreover, TMPRSS2-ERG affects the pattern of metastatic spread by increasing the incidence of tumors in hind limbs and spine, which are two of the most frequent sites of human PCa metastases. Finally, transcriptome analysis highlighted a series of genes regulated by the fusion and involved in the metastatic process. Altogether, our work indicates that TMPRSS2-ERG increases bone tropism of PCa cells and metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Deplus
- University Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 (M3T) Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Carine Delliaux
- University Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 (M3T) Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Marchand
- University Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 (M3T) Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Flourens
- University Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 (M3T) Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Vanpouille
- University Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 (M3T) Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Leroy
- Institut de Pathologie Centre de Biologie Pathologie Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - Yvan de Launoit
- University Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 (M3T) Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martine Duterque-Coquillaud
- University Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 (M3T) Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
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Wu N, Zhang YL, Wang HT, Li DW, Dai HJ, Zhang QQ, Zhang J, Ma Y, Xia Q, Bian JM, Hang HL. Overexpression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in human mesenchymal stem cells suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma development through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway downregulation. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 17:558-65. [PMID: 27124543 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1177675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise as cellular vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic gene products because they can be isolated, expanded, and genetically modified in vitro and possess tumor-oriented homing capacity in vivo. (1) Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a dominant transcriptional regulator of hepatocyte differentiation and hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). (2,3) We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of HNF4α activates various hepatic-specific genes and enhances MSC differentiation. (4) However, the extent that overexpression of HNF4α in MSCs influences HCC progression has yet to be examined. Here we sought to investigate what effect MSCs overexpressing HNF4α (MSC-HNF4α) have on human hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Conditioned medium collected from in vitro MSC-HNF4α cultures significantly inhibited hepatoma cell growth and metastasis compared with controls. Additionally, nude mice administered MSC-HNF4α exhibited significantly smaller tumors compared with controls in vivo. Immunoblot analysis of HCC cells treated with MSC-HNF4α displayed downregulated β-catenin, cyclinD1, c-Myc, MMP2 and MMP9. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MSC-HNF4α inhibits HCC progression by reducing hepatoma cell growth and metastasis through downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- a Department of Liver Surgery , RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China.,b Department of General Surgery , Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | | | - Hai-Tian Wang
- b Department of General Surgery , Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- a Department of Liver Surgery , RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hui-Juan Dai
- a Department of Liver Surgery , RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Qi-Qi Zhang
- a Department of Liver Surgery , RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- a Department of Liver Surgery , RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yong Ma
- b Department of General Surgery , Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qiang Xia
- a Department of Liver Surgery , RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jian-Min Bian
- b Department of General Surgery , Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hua-Lian Hang
- a Department of Liver Surgery , RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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Cai H, Chen Y, Yang X, Ma S, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Niu X, Ding G, Yuan Y. Let7b modulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in liver cancer cells via downregulated Frizzled4. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317716076. [PMID: 28671046 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317716076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Let7 microRNA implicated in many cellular processes and participated in the progress of various tumors. Similarly, Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in morphogenesis, differentiation, cell survival, and proliferation. However, there is little research focusing on the relevance between Let7b and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, especially in liver cancer cell. To study this, human liver cancer cells HUH7 and MHCC97H were cultured, enhanced, or inhibited the expression of Let7b in two cell lines. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Wnt signaling-related protein β-catenin and Frizzled family receptor. CD24+133+ was used as a cancer stem cell marker, and the proportion of CD24+133+ in liver cancer cell lines was observed by flow cytometry. The proliferation, invasiveness, and migration of liver cancer cells were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, transwell, and wound healing assays. The research revealed that enhanced expression of Let7b decreased the expression of Frizzled4, while inhibited Let7b expression increased Frizzled4 expression. Enhanced Let7b expression reduced the proportion of cancer stem cell in liver cancer cell; meanwhile, Let7b inhibition increased the proportion of cancer stem cell. Upregulated Let7b expression repressed the proliferation, invasion, and migration of liver cancer cell. This study showed that Let7b modulates the proliferation, invasiveness, and migration of liver cancer cell and reduces the proportion of cancer stem cells in liver cancer cell by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via downregulated Frizzled4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,2 Department of Oncological Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- 2 Department of Oncological Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shixun Ma
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- 3 Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- 2 Department of Oncological Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiangdong Niu
- 4 Department of General Surgery, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Guogan Ding
- 2 Department of Oncological Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- 5 Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Qiao R, Zhong R, Chang Q, Teng J, Pei J, Han B, Chu T. Serum dickkopf-1 as a clinical and prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79469-79479. [PMID: 29108326 PMCID: PMC5668059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was designed to evaluate the association between serum dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) bone metastases. Materials and Methods Serum DKK1 levels were quantified in 470 NSCLC patients, 140 with osseous metastases, 178 with extraosseous metastases, and 152 with early stage in complete remission. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve enabled us to identify a threshold value to distinguish patients with bone metastases. Results Serum DKK1 levels in patients with osseous metastases were significantly higher than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.001). ROC curves showed that the optimum cutoff was 311.8 pg/ml (area under curve 0.791, 95% confidence interval 0.739–0.843, sensitivity 77.1% and specificity 71.4%). Of interest, serum DKK1 correlated with the number of bone lesions (P = 0.042) and associated with the poor survival in NSCLC patients with osseous metastases (P = 0.029). Conclusions Our data shows that serum DKK1 can be used for the detection of NSCLC bone metastases. More importantly this is the first report to show that serum DKK1 is a good predictor of poor prognosis in NSCLC patients with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Runbo Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Teng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Pei
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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Hart NH, Newton RU, Spry NA, Taaffe DR, Chambers SK, Feeney KT, Joseph DJ, Redfern AD, Ferguson T, Galvão DA. Can exercise suppress tumour growth in advanced prostate cancer patients with sclerotic bone metastases? A randomised, controlled study protocol examining feasibility, safety and efficacy. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014458. [PMID: 28559456 PMCID: PMC5777463 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise may positively alter tumour biology through numerous modulatory and regulatory mechanisms in response to a variety of modes and dosages, evidenced in preclinical models to date. Specifically, localised and systemic biochemical alterations produced during and following exercise may suppress tumour formation, growth and distribution by virtue of altered epigenetics and endocrine-paracrine activity. Given the impressive ability of targeted mechanical loading to interfere with metastasis-driven tumour formation in human osteolytic tumour cells, it is of equal interest to determine whether a similar effect is observed in sclerotic tumour cells. The study aims to (1) establish the feasibility and safety of a combined modular multimodal exercise programme with spinal isometric training in advanced prostate cancer patients with sclerotic bone metastases and (2) examine whether targeted and supervised exercise can suppress sclerotic tumour growth and activity in spinal metastases in humans. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A single-blinded, two-armed, randomised, controlled and explorative phase I clinical trial combining spinal isometric training with a modular multimodal exercise programme in 40 men with advanced prostate cancer and stable sclerotic spinal metastases. Participants will be randomly assigned to (1) the exercise intervention or (2) usual medical care. The intervention arm will receive a 3-month, supervised and individually tailored modular multimodal exercise programme with spinal isometric training. Primary endpoints (feasibility and safety) and secondary endpoints (tumour morphology; biomarker activity; anthropometry; musculoskeletal health; adiposity; physical function; quality of life; anxiety; distress; fatigue; insomnia; physical activity levels) will be measured at baseline and following the intervention. Statistical analyses will include descriptive characteristics, t-tests, effect sizes and two-way (group × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance (or analysis of covariance) to examine differences between groups over time. The data-set will be primarily examined using an intention-to-treat approach with multiple imputations, followed by a secondary sensitivity analysis to ensure data robustness using a complete cases approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) of Edith Cowan University and the Sir Charles Gairdner and Osborne Park Health Care Group. If proven to be feasible and safe, this study will form the basis of future phase II and III trials in human patients with advanced cancer. To reach a maximum number of clinicians, practitioners, patients and scientists, outcomes will be disseminated through national and international clinical, conference and patient presentations, as well as publication in high-impact, peer-reviewed academic journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN 12616000179437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas H Hart
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nigel A Spry
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Genesis CancerCare, Perth, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Suzanne K Chambers
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Kynan T Feeney
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, St John of God Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David J Joseph
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Genesis CancerCare, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tom Ferguson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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Nandana S, Tripathi M, Duan P, Chu CY, Mishra R, Liu C, Jin R, Yamashita H, Zayzafoon M, Bhowmick NA, Zhau HE, Matusik RJ, Chung LWK. Bone Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Can Be Therapeutically Targeted at the TBX2-WNT Signaling Axis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1331-1344. [PMID: 28108510 PMCID: PMC5783646 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identification of factors that mediate visceral and bone metastatic spread and subsequent bone remodeling events is highly relevant to successful therapeutic intervention in advanced human prostate cancer. TBX2, a T-box family transcription factor that negatively regulates cell-cycle inhibitor p21, plays critical roles during embryonic development, and recent studies have highlighted its role in cancer. Here, we report that TBX2 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer specimens and bone metastases from xenograft mouse models of human prostate cancer. Blocking endogenous TBX2 expression in PC3 and ARCaPM prostate cancer cell models using a dominant-negative construct resulted in decreased tumor cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion in vitro Blocking endogenous TBX2 in human prostate cancer mouse xenografts decreased invasion and abrogation of bone and soft tissue metastasis. Furthermore, blocking endogenous TBX2 in prostate cancer cells dramatically reduced bone-colonizing capability through reduced tumor cell growth and bone remodeling in an intratibial mouse model. TBX2 acted in trans by promoting transcription of the canonical WNT (WNT3A) promoter. Genetically rescuing WNT3A levels in prostate cancer cells with endogenously blocked TBX2 partially restored the TBX2-induced prostate cancer metastatic capability in mice. Conversely, WNT3A-neutralizing antibodies or WNT antagonist SFRP-2 blocked TBX2-induced invasion. Our findings highlight TBX2 as a novel therapeutic target upstream of WNT3A, where WNT3A antagonists could be novel agents for the treatment of metastasis and for skeletal complications in prostate cancer patients. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1331-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nandana
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Manisha Tripathi
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peng Duan
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chia-Yi Chu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rajeev Mishra
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hironobu Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Majd Zayzafoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Neil A Bhowmick
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Haiyen E Zhau
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Ramalingam S, Ramamurthy VP, Njar VCO. Dissecting major signaling pathways in prostate cancer development and progression: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:16-27. [PMID: 27481707 PMCID: PMC7371258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy and leading cause of cancer mortality in men. At the initial stages, prostate cancer is dependent upon androgens for their growth and hence effectively combated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, most patients eventually recur with an androgen deprivation-resistant phenotype, referred to as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a more aggressive form for which there is no effective therapy presently available. The current review is an attempt to cover and establish an understanding of some major signaling pathways implicated in prostate cancer development and castration-resistance, besides addressing therapeutic strategies that targets the key signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilmurugan Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
| | - Vidya P Ramamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
| | - Vincent C O Njar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA.
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