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Ahmadipour M, Prado JC, Hakak-Zargar B, Mahmood MQ, Rogers IM. Using ex vivo bioengineered lungs to model pathologies and screening therapeutics: A proof-of-concept study. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:3020-3033. [PMID: 38837764 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, claim over eight million lives annually. However, the transition from preclinical to clinical phases in research studies is often hindered, partly due to inadequate representation of preclinical models in clinical trials. To address this, we conducted a proof-of-concept study using an ex vivo model to identify lung pathologies and to screen therapeutics in a humanized rodent model. We extracted and decellularized mouse heart-lung tissues using a detergent-based technique. The lungs were then seeded and cultured with human cell lines (BEAS-2B, A549, and Calu3) for 6-10 days, representing healthy lungs, cancerous states, and congenital pathologies, respectively. By manipulating cultural conditions and leveraging the unique characteristics of the cell lines, we successfully modeled various pathologies, including advanced-stage solid tumors and the primary phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Validation was conducted through histology, immunofluorescence staining, and pathology analysis. Additionally, our study involved pathological screening of the efficacy and impact of key anti-neoplastic therapeutics (Cisplatin and Wogonin) in cancer models. The results highlight the versatility and strength of the ex vivo model in representing crucial lung pathologies and screening therapeutics during the preclinical phase. This approach holds promise for bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical research, aiding in the development of effective treatments for respiratory diseases, including lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Ahmadipour
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jorge Castilo Prado
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benyamin Hakak-Zargar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malik Quasir Mahmood
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian M Rogers
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Soham & Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zheng X, Zhang X, Yu S. Organoids derived from metastatic cancers: Present and future. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30457. [PMID: 38720734 PMCID: PMC11077038 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from primary tissue or tumors that closely mimic the architecture, histology, and function of the parental tissue. In recent years, patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have emerged as powerful tools for modeling tumor heterogeneity, drug screening, and personalized medicine. Although most cancer organoids are derived from primary tumors, the ability of organoids from metastatic cancer to serve as a model for studying tumor biology and predicting the therapeutic response is an area of active investigation. Recent studies have shown that organoids derived from metastatic sites can provide valuable insights into tumor biology and may be used to validate predictive models of the drug response. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the feasibility of culturing organoids from multiple metastatic cancers and evaluate their potential for advancing basic cancer research, drug development, and personalized therapy. We also explore the limitations and challenges associated with using metastasis organoids for cancer research. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of metastatic cancer-derived organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zheng
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengji Yu
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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3
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Roy D, Subramaniam B, Chong WC, Bornhorst M, Packer RJ, Nazarian J. Zebrafish-A Suitable Model for Rapid Translation of Effective Therapies for Pediatric Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1361. [PMID: 38611039 PMCID: PMC11010887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancers are the leading cause of disease-related deaths in children and adolescents. Most of these tumors are difficult to treat and have poor overall survival. Concerns have also been raised about drug toxicity and long-term detrimental side effects of therapies. In this review, we discuss the advantages and unique attributes of zebrafish as pediatric cancer models and their importance in targeted drug discovery and toxicity assays. We have also placed a special focus on zebrafish models of pediatric brain cancers-the most common and difficult solid tumor to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Roy
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Bavani Subramaniam
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Miriam Bornhorst
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Roger J. Packer
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
- DIPG/DMG Research Center Zurich, Children’s Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Brown JM, Patel R, Smith-Fry K, Ward M, Oliver T, Jones KB. Genetically engineered mouse model of pleomorphic liposarcoma: Immunophenotyping and histologic characterization. Neoplasia 2024; 48:100956. [PMID: 38199172 PMCID: PMC10788790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pleomorphic liposarcoma is a rare and aggressive subset of soft-tissue sarcomas with a high mortality burden. Local treatment largely consists of radiation therapy and wide surgical resection, but options for systemic therapy in the setting of metastatic disease are limited and largely ineffective, prompting exploration of novel therapeutic strategies and experimental models. As with other cancers, sarcoma cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models have been developed and used to characterize these tumors and identify therapeutic targets, but these models have inherent limitations. The establishment of genetically engineered mouse models represents a more realistic framework for reproducing clinically relevant conditions for studying pleomorphic liposarcoma. METHODS Trp53fl/fl/Rb1fl/fl/Ptenfl/fl (RPP) mice were used to reliably generate an immunocompetent model of mouse pleomorphic liposarcoma through Cre-mediated conditional silencing of the Trp53, Rb1, and Pten tumor suppressor genes. Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was assessed with immunostaining for CD4, CD8, and PD-L1, and flow cytometry with analysis of CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, F4/80, CD11b, and NKp46 sub-populations. RESULTS Mice reliably produced noticeable soft-tissue tumors in approximately 6 weeks with rapid tumor growth between 100 and 150 days of life, after which mice reached euthanasia criteria. Histologic features were consistent with pleomorphic liposarcoma, including widespread pleomorphic lipoblasts. Immunoprofiling and assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was consistent with other soft-tissue sarcomas. CONCLUSION Genetically engineered RPP mice reliably produced soft-tissue tumors consistent with pleomorphic liposarcoma, which immunological findings similar to other soft-tissue sarcomas. This model may demonstrate utility in testing treatments for this rare disease, including immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahi Patel
- University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, USA
| | | | - Michael Ward
- University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, USA
| | | | - Kevin B Jones
- University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, USA
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Philp LK. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Translational Prostate Cancer Research and Drug Development. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:153-185. [PMID: 38676802 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are a valuable preclinical research platform generated through transplantation of a patient's resected tumor into an immunodeficient or humanized mouse. PDXs serve as a high-fidelity avatar for both precision medicine and therapeutic testing against the cancer patient's disease state. While PDXs show mixed response to initial establishment, those that successfully engraft and can be sustained with serial passaging form a useful tool for basic and translational prostate cancer (PCa) research. While genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and human cancer cell lines, and their xenografts, each play beneficial roles in discovery science and initial drug screening, PDX tumors are emerging as the gold standard approach for therapeutic proof-of-concept prior to entering clinical trial. PDXs are a powerful platform, with PCa PDXs shown to represent the original patient tumor cell population and architecture, histopathology, genomic and transcriptomic landscape, and heterogeneity. Furthermore, PDX response to anticancer drugs in mice has been closely correlated to the original patient's susceptibility to these treatments in the clinic. Several PDXs have been established and have undergone critical in-depth characterization at the cellular and molecular level across multiple PCa tumor subtypes representing both primary and metastatic patient tumors and their inherent levels of androgen responsiveness and/or treatment resistance, including androgen-sensitive, castration resistant, and neuroendocrine PCa. Multiple PDX networks and repositories have been generated for the collaborative and shared use of these vital translational cancer tools. Here we describe the creation of a PDX maintenance colony from an established well-characterized PDX, best practice for PDX maintenance in mice, and their subsequent application in preclinical drug testing. This chapter aims to serve as a go to resource for the preparation and adoption of PCa PDX models in the research laboratory and for their use as a valuable preclinical platform for translational research and therapeutic agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kate Philp
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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van den Bosch QCC, de Klein A, Verdijk RM, Kiliç E, Brosens E. Uveal melanoma modeling in mice and zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189055. [PMID: 38104908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and refined therapeutic options, the survival for metastasized uveal melanoma (UM) patients has not improved significantly. UM, a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes in the uveal tract, can be asymptomatic and small tumors may be detected only during routine ophthalmic exams; making early detection and treatment difficult. UM is the result of a number of characteristic somatic alterations which are associated with prognosis. Although UM morphology and biology have been extensively studied, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the early stages of UM tumor evolution and effective treatment to prevent metastatic disease remain elusive. A better understanding of the mechanisms that enable UM cells to thrive and successfully metastasize is crucial to improve treatment efficacy and survival rates. For more than forty years, animal models have been used to investigate the biology of UM. This has led to a number of essential mechanisms and pathways involved in UM aetiology. These models have also been used to evaluate the effectiveness of various drugs and treatment protocols. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological studies using mouse and zebrafish UM models. Finally, we highlight promising therapeutics and discuss future considerations using UM models such as optimal inoculation sites, use of BAP1mut-cell lines and the rise of zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy C C van den Bosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Liang F, Xu H, Cheng H, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Patient-derived tumor models: a suitable tool for preclinical studies on esophageal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1443-1455. [PMID: 37537209 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the tenth most common cancer worldwide and has high morbidity and mortality. Its main subtypes include esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, which are usually diagnosed during their advanced stages. The biological defects and inability of preclinical models to summarize completely the etiology of multiple factors, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, and the genetic heterogeneity of tumors severely limit the clinical treatment of EC. Patient-derived models of EC not only retain the tissue structure, cell morphology, and differentiation characteristics of the original tumor, they also retain tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, compared with other preclinical models, they can better predict the efficacy of candidate drugs, explore novel biomarkers, combine with clinical trials, and effectively improve patient prognosis. This review discusses the methods and animals used to establish patient-derived models and genetically engineered mouse models, especially patient-derived xenograft models. It also discusses their advantages, applications, and limitations as preclinical experimental research tools to provide an important reference for the precise personalized treatment of EC and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yabo Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Junhe Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Mahmoudian RA, Farshchian M, Golyan FF, Mahmoudian P, Alasti A, Moghimi V, Maftooh M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Mahaki H, Shahidsales S, Avan A. Preclinical tumor mouse models for studying esophageal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 189:104068. [PMID: 37468084 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models are extensively employed in cancer research because they can be manipulated in terms of their environment, genome, molecular biology, organ systems, and physical activity to mimic human behavior and conditions. The progress made in in vivo cancer research has resulted in significant advancements, enabling the creation of spontaneous, metastatic, and humanized mouse models. Most recently, the remarkable and extensive developments in genetic engineering, particularly the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9, transposable elements, epigenome modifications, and liquid biopsies, have further facilitated the design and development of numerous mouse models for studying cancer. In this review, we have elucidated the production and usage of current mouse models, such as xenografts, chemical-induced models, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), for studying esophageal cancer. Additionally, we have briefly discussed various gene-editing tools that could potentially be employed in the future to create mouse models specifically for esophageal cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Fardi Golyan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mahmoudian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Alasti
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Moghimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Xu Z, Shin HS, Kim YH, Ha SY, Won JK, Kim SJ, Park YJ, Parangi S, Cho SW, Lee KE. Modeling the tumor microenvironment of anaplastic thyroid cancer: an orthotopic tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1187388. [PMID: 37545523 PMCID: PMC10403231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Securing a well-established mouse model is important in identifying and validating new therapeutic targets for immuno-oncology. The C57BL/6 mouse is one of the most fully characterised immune system of any animal and provides powerful platform for immuno-oncology discovery. An orthotopic tumor model has been established using TBP3743 (murine anaplastic thyroid cancer [ATC]) cells in B6129SF1 hybrid mice, this model has limited data on tumor immunology than C57BL/6 inbred mice. This study aimed to establish a novel orthotopic ATC model in C57BL/6 mice and characterize the tumor microenvironment focusing immunity in the model. Methods Adapted TBP3743 cells were generated via in vivo serial passaging in C57BL/6 mice. Subsequently, the following orthotopic tumor models were established via intrathyroidal injection: B6129SF1 mice injected with original TBP3743 cells (original/129), B6129SF1 mice injected with adapted cells (adapted/129), and C57BL/6 mice injected with adapted cells (adapted/B6). Results The adapted TBP3743 cells de-differentiated but exhibited cell morphology, viability, and migration/invasion potential comparable with those of original cells in vitro. The adapted/129 contained a higher Ki-67+ cell fraction than the original/129. RNA sequencing data of orthotopic tumors revealed enhanced oncogenic properties in the adapted/129 compared with those in the original/129. In contrast, the orthotopic tumors grown in the adapted/B6 were smaller, with a lower Ki-67+ cell fraction than those in the adapted/129. However, the oncogenic properties of the tumors within the adapted/B6 and adapted/129 were similar. Immune-related pathways were enriched in the adapted/B6 compared with those in the adapted/129. Flow cytometric analysis of the orthotopic tumors revealed higher cytotoxic CD8+ T cell and monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cell fractions in the adapted/B6 compared with the adapted/129. The estimated CD8+ and CD4+ cell fractions in the adapted/B6 were similar to those in human ATCs but negligible in the original/B6. Conclusion A novel orthotopic tumor model of ATC was established in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with the original B6129SF1 murine model, the novel model exhibited more aggressive tumor cell behaviours and strong immune responses. We expect that this novel model contributes to the understanding tumor microenvironment and provides the platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, YanBian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hyo Shik Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yun Ha
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-jin Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Surgery, Thyroid Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Keshavarz M, Xie K, Bano D, Ehninger D. Aging - what it is and how to measure it. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111837. [PMID: 37302556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of the biology of aging is largely based on research aimed at identifying factors that influence lifespan. However, lifespan as a sole proxy measure of aging has limitations because it can be influenced by specific pathologies (not generalized physiological deterioration in old age). Hence, there is a great need to discuss and design experimental approaches that are well-suited for studies targeting the biology of aging, rather than the biology of specific pathologies that restrict the lifespan of a given species. For this purpose, we here review various perspectives on aging, discuss agreement and disagreement among researchers on the definition of aging, and show that while slightly different aspects are emphasized, a widely accepted feature, shared across many definitions, is that aging is accompanied by phenotypic changes that occur in a population over the course of an average lifespan. We then discuss experimental approaches that are in line with these considerations, including multidimensional analytical frameworks as well as designs that facilitate the proper assessment of intervention effects on aging rate. The proposed framework can guide discovery approaches to aging mechanisms in all key model organisms (e.g., mouse, fish models, D. melanogaster, C. elegans) as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshavarz
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kan Xie
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Wang HM, Zhang CY, Peng KC, Chen ZX, Su JW, Li YF, Li WF, Gao QY, Zhang SL, Chen YQ, Zhou Q, Xu C, Xu CR, Wang Z, Su J, Yan HH, Zhang XC, Chen HJ, Wu YL, Yang JJ. Using patient-derived organoids to predict locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer tumor response: A real-world study. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100911. [PMID: 36657446 PMCID: PMC9975107 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the clinical response to chemotherapeutic or targeted treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer requires an accurate and affordable tool. Tumor organoids are a potential approach in precision medicine for predicting the clinical response to treatment. However, their clinical application in lung cancer has rarely been reported because of the difficulty in generating pure tumor organoids. In this study, we have generated 214 cancer organoids from 107 patients, of which 212 are lung cancer organoids (LCOs), primarily derived from malignant serous effusions. LCO-based drug sensitivity tests (LCO-DSTs) for chemotherapy and targeted therapy have been performed in a real-world study to predict the clinical response to the respective treatment. LCO-DSTs accurately predict the clinical response to treatment in this cohort of patients with advanced lung cancer. In conclusion, LCO-DST is a promising precision medicine tool in treating of advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Min Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chan-Yuan Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kai-Cheng Peng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ze-Xin Chen
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and Technology, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jun-Wei Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu-Fa Li
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Feng Li
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qing-Yun Gao
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and Technology, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Chong-Rui Xu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hong-Hong Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hua-Jun Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jin-Ji Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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12
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Zhang J, Chen B, Li H, Wang Y, Liu X, Wong KY, Chan WN, Chan AK, Cheung AH, Leung KT, Dong Y, Pan Y, Ke H, Liang L, Zhou Z, Xiao J, Wong CC, Wu WK, Cheng AS, Ma BB, Yu J, Lo KW, Kang W. Cancer-associated fibroblasts potentiate colorectal cancer progression by crosstalk of the IGF2-IGF1R and Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathways. J Pathol 2023; 259:205-219. [PMID: 36373776 DOI: 10.1002/path.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The tumor microenvironment exerts crucial effects in driving CRC progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) serve as one of the most important tumor microenvironment components promoting CRC progression. This study aimed to elucidate the novel molecular mechanisms of CAF-secreted insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 2 in colorectal carcinogenesis. Our results indicated that IGF2 was a prominent factor upregulated in CAFs compared with normal fibroblasts. CAF-derived conditioned media (CM) promoted tumor growth, migration, and invasion of HCT 116 and DLD-1 cells. IGF1R expression is significantly increased in CRC, serving as a potent receptor in response to IGF2 stimulation and predicting unfavorable outcomes for CRC patients. Apart from the PI3K-AKT pathway, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the YAP1-target signature serves as a prominent downstream effector to mediate the oncogenic signaling of IGF2-IGF1R. By single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and immunohistochemical validation, IGF2 was found to be predominantly secreted by CAFs, whereas IGF1R was expressed mainly by cancer cells. IGF2 triggers the nuclear accumulation of YAP1 and upregulates YAP1 target signatures; however, these effects were abolished by either IGF1R knockdown or inhibition with picropodophyllin (PPP), an IGF1R inhibitor. Using CRC organoid and in vivo studies, we found that cotargeting IGF1R and YAP1 with PPP and verteporfin (VP), a YAP1 inhibitor, enhanced antitumor effects compared with PPP treatment alone. In conclusion, this study revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which CAFs promote CRC progression. The findings highlight the translational potential of the IGF2-IGF1R-YAP1 axis as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kit Yee Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Aden Ky Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Alvin Hk Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yujuan Dong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huixing Ke
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China National Center of Gerontology, Bejing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - William Kk Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Alfred Sl Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Brigette By Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | -
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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13
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Targeting the "hallmarks of aging" to slow aging and treat age-related disease: fact or fiction? Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:242-255. [PMID: 35840801 PMCID: PMC9812785 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders. Aging processes have therefore been discussed as potential targets for the development of novel and broadly effective preventatives or therapeutics for age-related diseases, including those affecting the brain. Mechanisms thought to contribute to aging have been summarized under the term the "hallmarks of aging" and include a loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered nutrient sensing, telomere attrition, genomic instability, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, epigenetic alterations and altered intercellular communication. We here examine key claims about the "hallmarks of aging". Our analysis reveals important weaknesses that preclude strong and definitive conclusions concerning a possible role of these processes in shaping organismal aging rate. Significant ambiguity arises from the overreliance on lifespan as a proxy marker for aging, the use of models with unclear relevance for organismal aging, and the use of study designs that do not allow to properly estimate intervention effects on aging rate. We also discuss future research directions that should be taken to clarify if and to what extent putative aging regulators do in fact interact with aging. These include multidimensional analytical frameworks as well as designs that facilitate the proper assessment of intervention effects on aging rate.
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14
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Liu Y, Zhu W, Zhu H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Shen N, Jiang J, Xue Y, Jiang R. Characterization of orthotopic xenograft tumor of glioma stem cells (GSCs) on MRI, PET and immunohistochemical staining. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1085015. [PMID: 36591483 PMCID: PMC9797975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1085015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The orthotopic xenograft tumors of human glioma stem cells (GSCs) is a recent glioma model with genotype and phenotypic characteristics close to human gliomas. This study aimed to explore the imaging and immunohistochemical characteristics of GSCs gliomas. Methods The rats underwent MRI and 18F-FDG PET scan in 6th-8th weeks after GSCs implantation. The MRI morphologic, DWI and PET features of the tumor lesions were assessed. In addition, the immunohistochemical features of the tumor tissues were further analyzed. Results Twenty-five tumor lesions were identified in 20 tumor-bearing rats. On structural MRI, the average tumor size was 30.04±17.31mm2, and the intensity was inhomogeneous in 76.00% (19/25) of the lesions. The proportion of the lesions mainly presented as solid, cystic and patchy tumor were 60.00% (15/25), 16.00% (4/25) and 24.00% (6/25), respectively. The boundary was unclear in 88.00% (22/25), and peritumoral mass effect was observed in 92.00% (23/25) of the lesions. On DWI, 80.00% (20/25) of the lesions showed increased intensity. Of the 14 lesions in the 11 rats underwent PET scan, 57.14% (8/14) showed increased FDG uptake. On immunohistochemical staining, the expression of Ki-67 was strong in all the lesions (51.67%±11.82%). Positive EGFR and VEGF expression were observed in 64.71% (11/17) and 52.94% (9/17) of the rats, whereas MGMT and HIF-1α showed negative expression in all the lesions. Discussion GSC gliomas showed significant heterogeneity and invasiveness on imaging, and exhibited strong expression of Ki-67, partial expression of EGFR and VEGF, and weak expression of MGMT and HIF-1α on immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nanxi Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rifeng Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Rifeng Jiang,
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15
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Milutinovic S, Abe J, Jones E, Kelch I, Smart K, Lauder SN, Somerville M, Ware C, Godkin A, Stein JV, Bogle G, Gallimore A. Three-dimensional Imaging Reveals Immune-driven Tumor-associated High Endothelial Venules as a Key Correlate of Tumor Rejection Following Depletion of Regulatory T Cells. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1641-1656. [PMID: 36704666 PMCID: PMC7614106 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post capillary venules that recruit naïve T cells and B cells into secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) such as lymph nodes (LN). Expansion of HEV networks in SLOs occurs following immune activation to support development of an effective immune response. In this study, we used a carcinogen-induced model of fibrosarcoma to examine HEV remodeling after depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg). We used light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging to visualize entire HEV networks, subsequently applying computational tools to enable topological mapping and extraction of numerical descriptors of the networks. While these analyses revealed profound cancer- and immune-driven alterations to HEV networks within LNs, these changes did not identify successful responses to treatment. The presence of HEV networks within tumors did however clearly distinguish responders from nonresponders. Finally, we show that a successful treatment response is dependent on coupling tumor-associated HEV (TA-HEV) development to T-cell activation implying that T-cell activation acts as the trigger for development of TA-HEVs which subsequently serve to amplify the immune response by facilitating extravasation of T cells into the tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Milutinovic
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Emma Jones
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Inken Kelch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Smart
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah N. Lauder
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Somerville
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Ware
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew Godkin
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jens V. Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gib Bogle
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Awen Gallimore
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Henry Wellcome Building, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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16
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Yi ZN, Chen XK, Ma ACH. Modeling leukemia with zebrafish (Danio rerio): Towards precision medicine. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113401. [PMID: 36306826 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer characterized by high genetic heterogeneity and fatality. While chemotherapy remains the primary form of treatment for leukemia, its effectiveness was profoundly diminished by the genetic heterogeneity and cytogenetic abnormalities of leukemic cells. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop precision medicine for leukemia with distinct genetic backgrounds. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater fish with exceptional feasibility in genome editing, is a powerful tool for rapid human cancer modeling. In the past decades, zebrafish have been adopted in modeling human leukemia, exploring the molecular mechanisms of underlying genetic abnormalities, and discovering novel therapeutic agents. Although many recurrent mutations of leukemia have been modeled in zebrafish for pathological study and drug discovery, its great potential in leukemia modeling was not yet fully exploited, particularly in precision medicine. In this review, we evaluated the current zebrafish models of leukemia/pre-leukemia and genetic techniques and discussed the potential of zebrafish models with novel techniques, which may contribute to the development of zebrafish as a disease model for precision medicine in treating leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Yi
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang-Ke Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin Chun-Hang Ma
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Al-Handawi MB, Polavaram S, Kurlevskaya A, Commins P, Schramm S, Carrasco-López C, Lui NM, Solntsev KM, Laptenok SP, Navizet I, Naumov P. Spectrochemistry of Firefly Bioluminescence. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13207-13234. [PMID: 35926147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reactions underlying the emission of light in fireflies and other bioluminescent beetles are some of the most thoroughly studied processes by scientists worldwide. Despite these remarkable efforts, fierce academic arguments continue around even some of the most fundamental aspects of the reaction mechanism behind the beetle bioluminescence. In an attempt to reach a consensus, we made an exhaustive search of the available literature and compiled the key discoveries on the fluorescence and chemiluminescence spectrochemistry of the emitting molecule, the firefly oxyluciferin, and its chemical analogues reported over the past 50+ years. The factors that affect the light emission, including intermolecular interactions, solvent polarity, and electronic effects, were analyzed in the context of both the reaction mechanism and the different colors of light emitted by different luciferases. The collective data points toward a combined emission of multiple coexistent forms of oxyluciferin as the most probable explanation for the variation in color of the emitted light. We also highlight realistic research directions to eventually address some of the remaining questions related to firefly bioluminescence. It is our hope that this extensive compilation of data and detailed analysis will not only consolidate the existing body of knowledge on this important phenomenon but will also aid in reaching a wider consensus on some of the mechanistic details of firefly bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieh B Al-Handawi
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Srujana Polavaram
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anastasiya Kurlevskaya
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Commins
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Schramm
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - César Carrasco-López
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nathan M Lui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kyril M Solntsev
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sergey P Laptenok
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isabelle Navizet
- Univ. Gustave Eiffel, Univ. Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR 8208, MSME, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab (SML), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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18
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Vien LT, Nga NT, Hue PTK, Kha THB, Hoang NH, Hue PT, Thien PN, Huang CYF, Van Kiem P, Thao DT. A New Liposomal Formulation of Hydrogenated Anacardic Acid to Improve Activities Against Cancer Stem Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anacardic acid (AA) is a natural active ingredient that accounts for 65% of the liquid extract from the shell of the cashew nut. Due to the stronger cytotoxic activity of hydrogenated AA (HAA) against NTERA-2 cancer stem cells (CSCs) than AA itself, HAA was co-conjugated with CD133 monoclonal antibody (mAb^CD133) into nanoliposomal particles (AMC). This nanoliposomal complex is expected to improved HAA activities against CSCs based on the targeting capacity of mAb^CD133 toward CD133, a typical CSCs’ surface marker. AMC was manufactured with a mean size of 100.9 nm, a zeta potential of −40.7 mV, and a PDI of 0.283. We report a 100% encapsulation efficiency of HAA into liposomes and a 90.7% conjugation efficiency with mAb^CD133. The penetration of AMC into NTERA-2 CSCs after 2 h was 83.7%. The AMC complex inhibited NTERA-2 growth with an IC50 (inhibition concentration at 50%) value of 75.83 ± 6.70 µM, showing the targeting ability and lower toxicity (IC50 > 100 µM) on healthy cells. The AMC nanoparticles also demonstrated significant potential apoptotic induction by activating caspase 3 activity by up to 2.57 and 2.06 folds compared to that of the negative control at 20 and 4 µM, respectively. This induction was significant improvement in comparison with that of unconjugated HAA ( P < .05). AMC presented a clear effect on the solid structure of NTERA-2 spheroids and significantly suppressed the proliferation of CSCs in the 3D tumorspheres with an IC50 = 64.25 ± 3.15 µM, compared to the free form with an IC50 = 82.22 ± 0.65 µM ( P < .05). Therefore, this nanoliposomal complex exhibits promising capacities as an effective material against NTERA-2 CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tri Vien
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Research and Educational Development in Central Highlands, Pleiku City, Gia Lai, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Nga
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phung Thi Kim Hue
- Institute of Health Research and Educational Development in Central Highlands, Pleiku City, Gia Lai, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Pham Thi Hue
- Huynh Man Dat High School for the Gifted, Kien Giang, Vietnam
| | - Pham Ngoc Thien
- Huynh Man Dat High School for the Gifted, Kien Giang, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Do Thi Thao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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19
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Naffouje SA, Goto M, Coward LU, Gorman GS, Christov K, Wang J, Green A, Shilkaitis A, Das Gupta TK, Yamada T. Nontoxic Tumor-Targeting Optical Agents for Intraoperative Breast Tumor Imaging. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7371-7379. [PMID: 35544687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise identification of the tumor margins during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) remains a challenge given the lack of visual discrepancy between malignant and surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, we developed a fluorescent imaging agent, ICG-p28, for intraoperative imaging guidance to better aid surgeons in achieving negative margins in BCS. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution, and preclinical toxicity of ICG-p28. The PK and biodistribution of ICG-p28 indicated rapid tissue uptake and localization at tumor lesions. There were no dose-related effect and no significant toxicity in any of the breast cancer and normal cell lines tested. Furthermore, ICG-p28 was evaluated in clinically relevant settings with transgenic mice that spontaneously developed invasive mammary tumors. Intraoperative imaging with ICG-p28 showed a significant reduction in the tumor recurrence rate. This simple, nontoxic, and cost-effective method can offer a new approach that enables surgeons to intraoperatively identify tumor margins and potentially improves overall outcomes by reducing recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer A Naffouje
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Masahide Goto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lori U Coward
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama 35229, United States
| | - Gregory S Gorman
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama 35229, United States
| | - Konstantin Christov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Urbana, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Albert Green
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Anne Shilkaitis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Tapas K Das Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Medicine and Engineering, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Tischfield DJ, Gurevich A, Johnson O, Gatmaytan I, Nadolski GJ, Soulen MC, Kaplan DE, Furth E, Hunt SJ, Gade TPF. Transarterial Embolization Modulates the Immune Response within Target and Nontarget Hepatocellular Carcinomas in a Rat Model. Radiology 2022; 303:215-225. [PMID: 35014906 PMCID: PMC8962821 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.211028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Transarterial embolization (TAE) is the most common treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, there remain limited data describing the influence of TAE on the tumor immune microenvironment. Purpose To characterize TAE-induced modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment in a rat model of HCC and identify factors that modulate this response. Materials and Methods TAE was performed on autochthonous HCCs induced in rats with use of diethylnitrosamine. CD3, CD4, CD8, and FOXP3 lymphocytes, as well as programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, were examined in three cohorts: tumors from rats that did not undergo embolization (control), embolized tumors (target), and nonembolized tumors from rats that had a different target tumor embolized (nontarget). Differences in immune cell recruitment associated with embolic agent type (tris-acryl gelatin microspheres [TAGM] vs hydrogel embolics) and vascular location were examined in rat and human tissues. A generalized estimating equation model and t, Mann-Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used to compare groups. Results Cirrhosis-induced alterations in CD8, CD4, and CD25/CD4 lymphocytes were partially normalized following TAE (CD8: 38.4%, CD4: 57.6%, and CD25/CD4: 21.1% in embolized liver vs 47.7% [P = .02], 47.0% [P = .01], and 34.9% [P = .03], respectively, in cirrhotic liver [36.1%, 59.6%, and 4.6% in normal liver]). Embolized tumors had a greater number of CD3, CD4, and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes relative to controls (191.4 cells/mm2 vs 106.7 cells/mm2 [P = .03]; 127.8 cells/mm2 vs 53.8 cells/mm2 [P < .001]; and 131.4 cells/mm2 vs 78.3 cells/mm2 [P = .01]) as well as a higher PD-L1 expression score (4.1 au vs 1.9 au [P < .001]). A greater number of CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes were found near TAGM versus hydrogel embolics (4.1 vs 2.0 [P = .003]; 3.7 vs 2.0 [P = .01]; and 2.2 vs 1.1 [P = .03], respectively). The number of lymphocytes adjacent to embolics differed based on vascular location (17.9 extravascular CD68+ peri-TAGM cells vs 7.0 intravascular [P < .001]; 6.4 extravascular CD68+ peri-hydrogel embolic cells vs 3.4 intravascular [P < .001]). Conclusion Transarterial embolization-induced dynamic alterations of the tumor immune microenvironment are influenced by underlying liver disease, embolic agent type, and vascular location. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorials by Kennedy et al and by White in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omar Johnson
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (D.J.T., A.G.,
O.J., I.G., G.J.N., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), Department of Radiology (D.J.T., O.J.,
G.J.N., M.C.S., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), and Department of Pathology (E.F.), Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.E.K.) and Department of Cancer
Biology (T.P.F.G.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael
J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa (D.E.K.)
| | - Isabela Gatmaytan
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (D.J.T., A.G.,
O.J., I.G., G.J.N., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), Department of Radiology (D.J.T., O.J.,
G.J.N., M.C.S., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), and Department of Pathology (E.F.), Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.E.K.) and Department of Cancer
Biology (T.P.F.G.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael
J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa (D.E.K.)
| | - Gregory J. Nadolski
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (D.J.T., A.G.,
O.J., I.G., G.J.N., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), Department of Radiology (D.J.T., O.J.,
G.J.N., M.C.S., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), and Department of Pathology (E.F.), Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.E.K.) and Department of Cancer
Biology (T.P.F.G.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael
J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa (D.E.K.)
| | - Michael C. Soulen
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (D.J.T., A.G.,
O.J., I.G., G.J.N., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), Department of Radiology (D.J.T., O.J.,
G.J.N., M.C.S., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), and Department of Pathology (E.F.), Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.E.K.) and Department of Cancer
Biology (T.P.F.G.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael
J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa (D.E.K.)
| | - David E. Kaplan
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (D.J.T., A.G.,
O.J., I.G., G.J.N., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), Department of Radiology (D.J.T., O.J.,
G.J.N., M.C.S., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), and Department of Pathology (E.F.), Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.E.K.) and Department of Cancer
Biology (T.P.F.G.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael
J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa (D.E.K.)
| | - Emma Furth
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (D.J.T., A.G.,
O.J., I.G., G.J.N., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), Department of Radiology (D.J.T., O.J.,
G.J.N., M.C.S., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), and Department of Pathology (E.F.), Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.E.K.) and Department of Cancer
Biology (T.P.F.G.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael
J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa (D.E.K.)
| | - Stephen J. Hunt
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (D.J.T., A.G.,
O.J., I.G., G.J.N., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), Department of Radiology (D.J.T., O.J.,
G.J.N., M.C.S., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), and Department of Pathology (E.F.), Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.E.K.) and Department of Cancer
Biology (T.P.F.G.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael
J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa (D.E.K.)
| | - Terence P. F. Gade
- From the Penn Image-Guided Interventions Laboratory (D.J.T., A.G.,
O.J., I.G., G.J.N., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), Department of Radiology (D.J.T., O.J.,
G.J.N., M.C.S., S.J.H., T.P.F.G.), and Department of Pathology (E.F.), Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (D.E.K.) and Department of Cancer
Biology (T.P.F.G.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael
J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa (D.E.K.)
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Hicks WH, Bird CE, Gattie LC, Shami ME, Traylor JI, Shi DD, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Creation and Development of Patient-Derived Organoids for Therapeutic Screening in Solid Cancer. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Avdoshina DV, Kondrashova AS, Belikova MG, Bayurova EO. Murine Models of Chronic Viral Infections and Associated Cancers. Mol Biol 2022; 56:649-667. [PMID: 36217336 PMCID: PMC9534466 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are now recognized as bona fide etiologic factors of human cancer. Carcinogenic viruses include Epstein– Barr virus (EBV), high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1, indirectly), and several candidate human cancer viruses. It is estimated that 15% of all human tumors worldwide are caused by viruses. Tumor viruses establish long-term persistent infections in humans, and cancer is an accidental side effect of viral replication strategies. Viruses are usually not complete carcinogens, supporting the concept that cancer results from the accumulation of multiple cooperating events, in which human cancer viruses display different, often opposing roles. The laboratory mouse Mus musculus is one of the best in vivo experimental systems for modeling human pathology, including viral infections and cancer. However, mice are unsusceptible to infection with the known carcinogenic viruses. Many murine models were developed to overcome this limitation and to address various aspects of virus-associated carcinogenesis, from tumors resulting from xenografts of human tissues and cells, including cancerous and virus infected, to genetically engineered mice susceptible to viral infections and associated cancer. The review considers the main existing models, analyzes their advantages and drawbacks, describes their applications, outlines the prospects of their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Kondrashova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. G. Belikova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia ,Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia ,Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. O. Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Polio Institute), 108819 Moscow, Russia ,Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia
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23
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Bardhan A, Banerjee A, Basu K, Pal DK, Ghosh A. PRNCR1: a long non-coding RNA with a pivotal oncogenic role in cancer. Hum Genet 2021; 141:15-29. [PMID: 34727260 PMCID: PMC8561087 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been gaining importance in the field of cancer research in recent years. PRNCR1 (prostate cancer-associated non-coding RNA1) is a 12.7 kb, intron-less lncRNA found to play an oncogenic role in malignancy of diverse organs including prostate, breast, lung, oral cavity, colon and rectum. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRNCR1 locus have been found to be associated with cancer susceptibility in different populations. In this review, an attempt has been made for the first time to summarize all sorts of available data on PRNCR1 to date from relevant databases (GeneCard, LncExpDB, Ensembl genome browser, and PubMed). As functional roles of PRNCR1, miRNA (microRNA) sponging was mostly highlighted in the pathogenesis of different cancer; in addition, an association of the lncRNA with chromatin-modifying complex to enhance androgen receptor-mediated gene transcription was reported in prostate cancer. Diagnostic and prognostic importance of PRNCR1 was found in some malignancies suggesting potency of the lncRNA to serve as a clinical biomarker. For PRNCR1 SNPs, although cancer susceptibility of the risk alleles/genotypes was reported in different populations, majorities of the findings were not replicated and underlying molecular mechanisms remained unexplored. Therapeutic implication of PRNCR1 was not studied well and future research may come up in this direction for intervening novel strategies to fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bardhan
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Keya Basu
- Department of Pathology, IPGME&R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Amlan Ghosh
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
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Mahmoudian RA, Farshchian M, Abbaszadegan MR. Genetically engineered mouse models of esophageal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112757. [PMID: 34331909 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a diverse geographical distribution, poor prognosis, and diagnosis in advanced stages of the disease. Identification of the mechanisms involved in esophageal cancer development is evaluative to improve outcomes for patients. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cancer provide the physiologic, molecular, and histologic features of the human tumors to determine the pathogenesis and treatments for cancer, hence exhibiting a source of tremendous potential for oncology research. The advancement of cancer modeling in mice has improved to the extent that researchers can observe and manipulate the disease process in a specific manner. Despite the significant differences between mice and humans, mice can be great models for human oncology researches due to similarities between them at the molecular and physiological levels. Due to most of the existing esophageal cancer GEMMs do not propose an ideal system for pathogenesis of the disease, genetic risks, and microenvironment exposure, so identification of challenges in GEM modeling and well-developed technologies are required to obtain the most value for patients. In this review, we describe the biology of human and mouse, followed by the exciting esophageal cancer mouse models with a discussion of applicability and challenges of these models for generating new GEMMs in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.
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de Groot AE, Myers KV, Krueger TE, Kiemen AL, Nagy NH, Brame A, Torres VE, Zhang Z, Trabzonlu L, Brennen WN, Wirtz D, De Marzo AM, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Characterization of tumor-associated macrophages in prostate cancer transgenic mouse models. Prostate 2021; 81:629-647. [PMID: 33949714 PMCID: PMC8720375 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in prostate cancer. Commonly used orthotopic models do not accurately reflect the complete TME of a human patient or the natural initiation and progression of a tumor. Therefore, genetically engineered mouse models are essential for studying the TME as well as advancing TAM-targeted therapies. Two common transgenic (TG) models of prostate cancer are Hi-Myc and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP), but the TME and TAM characteristics of these models have not been well characterized. METHODS To advance the Hi-Myc and TRAMP models as tools for TAM studies, macrophage infiltration and characteristics were assessed using histopathologic, flow cytometric, and expression analyses in these models at various timepoints during tumor development and progression. RESULTS In both Hi-Myc and TRAMP models, macrophages adopt a more pro-tumor phenotype in higher histological grade tumors and in older prostate tissue. However, the Hi-Myc and TRAMP prostates differ in their macrophage density, with Hi-Myc tumors exhibiting increased macrophage density and TRAMP tumors exhibiting decreased macrophage density compared to age-matched wild type mice. CONCLUSIONS The macrophage density and the adenocarcinoma cancer subtype of Hi-Myc appear to better mirror patient tumors, suggesting that the Hi-Myc model is the more appropriate in vivo TG model for studying TAMs and TME-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E. de Groot
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kayla V. Myers
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Timothy E.G. Krueger
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ashley L. Kiemen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD
| | - Natalia H. Nagy
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alexandria Brame
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vicente E. Torres
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Levent Trabzonlu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - W. Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Corresponding author,
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26
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Dagallier C, Avry F, Touchefeu Y, Buron F, Routier S, Chérel M, Arlicot N. Development of PET Radioligands Targeting COX-2 for Colorectal Cancer Staging, a Review of in vitro and Preclinical Imaging Studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:675209. [PMID: 34169083 PMCID: PMC8217454 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.675209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death, making early diagnosis a major public health challenge. The role of inflammation in tumorigenesis has been extensively explored, and among the identified markers of inflammation, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression seems to be linked to lesions with a poor prognosis. Until now, COX-2 expression could only be accessed by invasive methods, mainly by biopsy. Imaging techniques such as functional Positron Emission Tomography (PET) could give access to in vivo COX-2 expression. This could make the staging of the disease more accurate and would be of particular interest in the exploration of the first metastatic stages. In this paper, we review recent progress in the development of COX-2 specific PET tracers by comparing the radioligands' characteristics and highlighting the obstacles that remain to be overcome in order to achieve the clinical development of such a radiotracer, and its evaluation in the management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dagallier
- Unité de Radiopharmacie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm UMR1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - François Avry
- Inserm UMR1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Yann Touchefeu
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes University, Nantes, France.,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Buron
- ICOA, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | | | - Michel Chérel
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- Unité de Radiopharmacie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm UMR1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM CIC 1415, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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Garcia-Fabiani MB, Haase S, Comba A, Carney S, McClellan B, Banerjee K, Alghamri MS, Syed F, Kadiyala P, Nunez FJ, Candolfi M, Asad A, Gonzalez N, Aikins ME, Schwendeman A, Moon JJ, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Genetic Alterations in Gliomas Remodel the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Impact Immune-Mediated Therapies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631037. [PMID: 34168976 PMCID: PMC8217836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade gliomas are malignant brain tumors that arise in the central nervous system, in patients of all ages. Currently, the standard of care, entailing surgery and chemo radiation, exhibits a survival rate of 14-17 months. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies for these malignant brain tumors. Currently, immunotherapies represent an appealing approach to treat malignant gliomas, as the pre-clinical data has been encouraging. However, the translation of the discoveries from the bench to the bedside has not been as successful as with other types of cancer, and no long-lasting clinical benefits have been observed for glioma patients treated with immune-mediated therapies so far. This review aims to discuss our current knowledge about gliomas, their molecular particularities and the impact on the tumor immune microenvironment. Also, we discuss several murine models used to study these therapies pre-clinically and how the model selection can impact the outcomes of the approaches to be tested. Finally, we present different immunotherapy strategies being employed in clinical trials for glioma and the newest developments intended to harness the immune system against these incurable brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Garcia-Fabiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Santiago Haase
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Comba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephen Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brandon McClellan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Immunology graduate program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mahmoud S. Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Faisal Syed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonela Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa E. Aikins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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28
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Woodward HJ, Zhu D, Hadoke PWF, MacRae VE. Regulatory Role of Sex Hormones in Cardiovascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4620. [PMID: 33924852 PMCID: PMC8125640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular calcification, whilst estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, is considered cardioprotective. Current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular calcification is still very limited. This review assesses the evidence that the actions of sex hormones influence the development of cardiovascular calcification. We address the current question of whether sex hormones could play a role in the sexual dimorphism seen in cardiovascular calcification, by discussing potential mechanisms of actions of sex hormones and evidence in pre-clinical research. More advanced investigations and understanding of sex hormones in calcification could provide a better translational outcome for those suffering with cardiovascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Woodward
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Patrick W. F. Hadoke
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Victoria E. MacRae
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
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29
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Holbrook MC, Goad DW, Grdzelishvili VZ. Expanding the Spectrum of Pancreatic Cancers Responsive to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Oncolytic Virotherapy: Challenges and Solutions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1171. [PMID: 33803211 PMCID: PMC7963195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with poor prognosis and a dismal survival rate, expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Oncolytic virus (OV) is an anticancer approach that utilizes replication-competent viruses to preferentially infect and kill tumor cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), one such OV, is already in several phase I clinical trials against different malignancies. VSV-based recombinant viruses are effective OVs against a majority of tested PDAC cell lines. However, some PDAC cell lines are resistant to VSV. Upregulated type I IFN signaling and constitutive expression of a subset of interferon-simulated genes (ISGs) play a major role in such resistance, while other mechanisms, such as inefficient viral attachment and resistance to VSV-mediated apoptosis, also play a role in some PDACs. Several alternative approaches have been shown to break the resistance of PDACs to VSV without compromising VSV oncoselectivity, including (i) combinations of VSV with JAK1/2 inhibitors (such as ruxolitinib); (ii) triple combinations of VSV with ruxolitinib and polycations improving both VSV replication and attachment; (iii) combinations of VSV with chemotherapeutic drugs (such as paclitaxel) arresting cells in the G2/M phase; (iv) arming VSV with p53 transgenes; (v) directed evolution approach producing more effective OVs. The latter study demonstrated impressive long-term genomic stability of complex VSV recombinants encoding large transgenes, supporting further clinical development of VSV as safe therapeutics for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valery Z. Grdzelishvili
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (M.C.H.); (D.W.G.)
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30
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Knödler M, Buyel JF. Plant-made immunotoxin building blocks: A roadmap for producing therapeutic antibody-toxin fusions. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107683. [PMID: 33373687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular farming in plants is an emerging platform for the production of pharmaceutical proteins, and host species such as tobacco are now becoming competitive with commercially established production hosts based on bacteria and mammalian cell lines. The range of recombinant therapeutic proteins produced in plants includes replacement enzymes, vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). But plants can also be used to manufacture toxins, such as the mistletoe lectin viscumin, providing an opportunity to express active antibody-toxin fusion proteins, so-called recombinant immunotoxins (RITs). Mammalian production systems are currently used to produce antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which require the separate expression and purification of each component followed by a complex and hazardous coupling procedure. In contrast, RITs made in plants are expressed in a single step and could therefore reduce production and purification costs. The costs can be reduced further if subcellular compartments that accumulate large quantities of the stable protein are identified and optimal plant growth conditions are selected. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current state of RIT production in plants before discussing the three key components of RITs in detail. The specificity-defining domain (often an antibody) binds cancer cells, including solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The toxin provides the means to kill target cells. Toxins from different species with different modes of action can be used for this purpose. Finally, the linker spaces the two other components to ensure they adopt a stable, functional conformation, and may also promote toxin release inside the cell. Given the diversity of these components, we extract broad principles that can be used as recommendations for the development of effective RITs. Future research should focus on such proteins to exploit the advantages of plants as efficient production platforms for targeted anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Knödler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, Aachen 52074, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - J F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, Aachen 52074, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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31
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Anderson TS, Wooster AL, La-Beck NM, Saha D, Lowe DB. Antibody-drug conjugates: an evolving approach for melanoma treatment. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:1-17. [PMID: 33165241 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma continues to be an aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer while therapeutic options are continuously developing in an effort to provide long-term solutions for patients. Immunotherapeutic strategies incorporating antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have seen varied levels of success across tumor types and represent a promising approach for melanoma. This review will explore the successes of FDA-approved ADCs to date compared to the ongoing efforts of melanoma-targeting ADCs. The challenges and opportunities for future therapeutic development are also examined to distinguish how ADCs may better impact individuals with malignancies such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ninh M La-Beck
- Departments of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology
- Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | | | - Devin B Lowe
- Departments of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology
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32
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Solé-Martí X, Espona-Noguera A, Ginebra MP, Canal C. Plasma-Conditioned Liquids as Anticancer Therapies In Vivo: Current State and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:452. [PMID: 33504064 PMCID: PMC7865855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma-conditioned liquids (PCL) are gaining increasing attention in the medical field, especially in oncology, and translation to the clinics is advancing on a good path. This emerging technology involving cold plasmas has great potential as a therapeutic approach in cancer diseases, as PCL have been shown to selectively kill cancer cells by triggering apoptotic mechanisms without damaging healthy cells. In this context, PCL can be injected near the tumor or intratumorally, thereby allowing the treatment of malignant tumors located in internal organs that are not accessible for direct cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment. Therefore, PCL constitutes a very interesting and minimally invasive alternative to direct CAP treatment in cancer therapy, avoiding surgeries and allowing multiple local administrations. As the field advances, it is progressively moving to the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of PCL in in vivo scenarios. Exciting developments are pushing forward the clinical translation of this novel therapy. However, there is still room for research, as the quantification and identification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in in vivo conditions is not yet clarified, dosage regimens are highly variable among studies, and other more relevant in vivo models could be used. In this context, this work aims to present a critical review of the state of the field of PCL as anticancer agents applied in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavi Solé-Martí
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (X.S.-M.); (A.E.-N.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Espona-Noguera
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (X.S.-M.); (A.E.-N.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (X.S.-M.); (A.E.-N.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Engineering, Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; (X.S.-M.); (A.E.-N.); (M.-P.G.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Das D, Li J, Cheng L, Franco S, Mahairaki V. Human Forebrain Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Novel Approach to Model Repair of Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA Damage in Human Neurons. Radiat Res 2020; 194:191-198. [PMID: 32845994 DOI: 10.1667/rr15567.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can generate virtually any cell type and therefore are applied to studies of organ development, disease modeling, drug screening and cell replacement therapy. Under proper culture conditions in vitro induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated to form organ-like tissues, also known as "organoids", which resemble organs more closely than cells, in vivo. We hypothesized that human brain organoids can be used as an experimental model to study mechanisms underlying DNA repair in human neurons and their progenitors after radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the most severe form of DNA damage. To this end, we customized a protocol for brain organoid generation that is time efficient. These organoids recapitulate key features of human cortical neuron development, including a subventricular zone containing neural progenitors that mature to postmitotic cortical neurons. Using immunofluorescence to measure DNA DSB markers, such as γ-H2AX and 53BP1, we quantified the kinetics of DSB repair in neural progenitors within the subventricular zone for up to 24 h after a single 2 Gy dose of ionizing radiation. Our data on DNA repair in progenitor versus mature neurons indicate a similar timeline: both repair DNA DSBs which is mostly resolved by 18 h postirradiation. However, repair kinetics are more acute in progenitors than mature neurons in the mature organoid. Overall, this study supports the use of 3D organoid culture technology as a novel platform to study DNA damage responses in developing or mature neurons, which has been previously difficult to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debamitra Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Neurology
| | | | - Linzhao Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Sonia Franco
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
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34
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Seyfoori A, Barough MS, Amereh M, Jush BK, Lum JJ, Akbari M. Bioengineered tissue models for the development of dynamic immuno-associated tumor models and high-throughput immunotherapy cytotoxicity assays. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:455-473. [PMID: 33253917 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is rapidly developing, with numerous therapies approved over the past decade and more therapies expected to gain approval in the future. However, immunotherapy of solid tumors has been less successful because immunosuppressive barriers limit immune cell trafficking and function against cancer cells. Interactions between suppressive immune cells, cytokines, and inhibitory factors are central to cancer immunotherapy approaches. In this review, we discuss recent advances in utilizing microfluidic platforms for understanding cancer-suppressive immune system interactions. Dendritic cell (DC)-mediated tumor models, infiltrated lymphocyte-mediated tumor models [e.g., natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and macrophages], monocyte-mediated tumor models, and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) tumor models are among the various bioengineered immune cell-cancer cell interactions that we reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Seyfoori
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Meitham Amereh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Bardia Khun Jush
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Julian J Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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35
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The Role of Pre-Clinical 3-Dimensional Models of Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155499. [PMID: 32752092 PMCID: PMC7432883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) has been largely unchanged for several decades, with typical therapies being a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Although therapeutic targets and products against cancer are being continually developed, only a limited number have proved therapeutically active in OS. Thus, the understanding of the OS microenvironment and its interactions are becoming more important in developing new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) models are important tools in increasing our understanding of complex mechanisms and interactions, such as in OS. In this review, in vivo animal models, in vitro 3D models and in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, are evaluated and discussed as to their contribution in understanding the progressive nature of OS, and cancer research. We aim to provide insight and prospective future directions into the potential translation of 3D models in OS.
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36
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Liu Z, Ahn MHY, Kurokawa T, Ly A, Zhang G, Wang F, Yamada T, Sadagopan A, Cheng J, Ferrone CR, Liss AS, Honselmann KC, Wojtkiewicz GR, Ferrone S, Wang X. A fast, simple, and cost-effective method of expanding patient-derived xenograft mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:255. [PMID: 32580742 PMCID: PMC7315507 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of cancer have been recognized as better mouse models that recapitulate the characteristics of original malignancies including preserved tumor heterogeneity, lineage hierarchy, and tumor microenvironment. However, common challenges of PDX models are the significant time required for tumor expansion, reduced tumor take rates, and higher costs. Here, we describe a fast, simple, and cost-effective method of expanding PDX of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mice. METHODS We used two established frozen PDAC PDX tissues (derived from two different patients) and implanted them subcutaneously into SCID mice. After tissues reached 10-20 mm in diameter, we performed survival surgery on each mouse to harvest 90-95% of subcutaneous PDX (incomplete resection), allowing the remaining 5-10% of PDX to continue growing in the same mouse. RESULTS We expanded three consecutive passages (P1, P2, and P3) of PDX in the same mouse. Comparing the times required for in vivo expansion, P2 and P3 (expanded through incomplete resection) grew 26-60% faster than P1. Moreover, such expanded PDX tissues were successfully implanted orthotopically into mouse pancreases. Within 20 weeks using only 14 mice, we generated sufficient PDX tissue for future implantation of 200 mice. Our histology study confirmed that the morphologies of cancer cells and stromal structures were similar across all three passages of subcutaneous PDX and the orthotopic PDX and were reflective of the original patient tumors. CONCLUSIONS Taking advantage of incomplete resection of tumors associated with high local recurrence, we established a fast method of PDAC PDX expansion in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Liu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Urology and of Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Michael Ho-Young Ahn
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kurokawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Ly
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gong Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fuyou Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ananthan Sadagopan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane Cheng
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Liss
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim C Honselmann
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Mouse Imaging Program, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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37
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Pattwell SS, Arora S, Cimino PJ, Ozawa T, Szulzewsky F, Hoellerbauer P, Bonifert T, Hoffstrom BG, Boiani NE, Bolouri H, Correnti CE, Oldrini B, Silber JR, Squatrito M, Paddison PJ, Holland EC. A kinase-deficient NTRK2 splice variant predominates in glioma and amplifies several oncogenic signaling pathways. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2977. [PMID: 32532995 PMCID: PMC7293284 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent scientific achievements have led to the discovery of aberrant splicing patterns in oncogenesis, while more recent advances have uncovered novel gene fusions involving neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinases (NTRKs) in gliomas. The exploration of NTRK splice variants in normal and neoplastic brain provides an intersection of these two rapidly evolving fields. Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), encoded NTRK2, is known for critical roles in neuronal survival, differentiation, molecular properties associated with memory, and exhibits intricate splicing patterns and post-translational modifications. Here, we show a role for a truncated NTRK2 splice variant, TrkB.T1, in human glioma. TrkB.T1 enhances PDGF-driven gliomas in vivo, augments PDGF-induced Akt and STAT3 signaling in vitro, while next generation sequencing broadly implicates TrkB.T1 in the PI3K signaling cascades in a ligand-independent fashion. These TrkB.T1 findings highlight the importance of expanding upon whole gene and gene fusion analyses to include splice variants in basic and translational neuro-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan S Pattwell
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 325 9th Avenue, Box 359791, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ozawa
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Pia Hoellerbauer
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Tobias Bonifert
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Benjamin G Hoffstrom
- Antibody Technology Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Norman E Boiani
- Antibody Technology Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Hamid Bolouri
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Colin E Correnti
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Barbara Oldrini
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28209, Madrid, Spain
| | - John R Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Massimo Squatrito
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28209, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
- Seattle Tumor Translational Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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Garcia PL, Miller AL, Yoon KJ. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Pancreatic Cancer: Overview and Comparison with Other Types of Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1327. [PMID: 32456018 PMCID: PMC7281668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is anticipated to be second only to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States by 2030. Surgery remains the only potentially curative treatment for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of PC. Multiple recent preclinical studies focus on identifying effective treatments for PDAC, but the models available for these studies often fail to reproduce the heterogeneity of this tumor type. Data generated with such models are of unknown clinical relevance. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models offer several advantages over human cell line-based in vitro and in vivo models and models of non-human origin. PDX models retain genetic characteristics of the human tumor specimens from which they were derived, have intact stromal components, and are more predictive of patient response than traditional models. This review briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of 2D cultures, organoids and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of PDAC, and focuses on the applications, characteristics, advantages, limitations, and the future potential of PDX models for improving the management of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.L.G.); (A.L.M.)
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells As Guideposts for Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040965. [PMID: 32295145 PMCID: PMC7226169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been extensively utilized for the systemic targeting of various solid tumors and their metastases. However, current drug delivery systems, in general, suffer from a lack of selectivity for tumor cells. Here, we develop a novel two-step targeting strategy that relies on the selective accumulation of targetable synthetic receptors (i.e., azide moieties) in tumor tissues, followed by delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles having a high binding affinity for these receptors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used as vehicles for the tumor-specific accumulation of azide moieties, while dibenzyl cyclooctyne (DBCO) was used as the targeting ligand. Biodistribution and antitumor efficacy studies were performed in both orthotopic metastatic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models of ovarian cancer. Our studies show that nanoparticles are retained in tumors at a significantly higher concentration in mice that received azide-labeled MSCs (MSC-Az). Furthermore, we observed significantly reduced tumor growth (p < 0.05) and improved survival in mice receiving MSC-Az along with paclitaxel-loaded DBCO-functionalized nanoparticles compared to controls. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of a two-step targeting strategy for efficient delivery of concentrated chemotherapy for treating solid tumors.
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Bradney MJ, Venis SM, Yang Y, Konieczny SF, Han B. A Biomimetic Tumor Model of Heterogeneous Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905500. [PMID: 31997571 PMCID: PMC7069790 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a complex, heterogeneous, and genetically unstable disease. Its tumor microenvironment (TME) is complicated by heterogeneous cancer cell populations and strong desmoplastic stroma. This complex and heterogeneous environment makes it challenging to discover and validate unique therapeutic targets. Reliable and relevant in vitro PDAC tumor models can significantly advance the understanding of the PDAC TME and may enable the discovery and validation of novel drug targets. In this study, an engineered tumor model is developed to mimic the PDAC TME. This biomimetic model, named ductal tumor-microenvironment-on-chip (dT-MOC), permits analysis and experimentation on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and local invasion with intratumoral heterogeneity. This dT-MOC is a microfluidic platform where a duct of murine genetically engineered pancreatic cancer cells is embedded within a collagen matrix. The cancer cells used carry two of the three mutations of KRAS, CDKN2A, and TP53, which are key driver mutations of human PDAC. The intratumoral heterogeneity is mimicked by co-culturing these cancer cells. Using the dT-MOC model, heterogeneous invasion characteristics, and response to transforming growth factor-beta1 are studied. A mechanism of EMT and local invasion caused by the interaction between heterogeneous cancer cell populations is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bradney
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Stephanie M Venis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Hámori L, Kudlik G, Szebényi K, Kucsma N, Szeder B, Póti Á, Uher F, Várady G, Szüts D, Tóvári J, Füredi A, Szakács G. Establishment and Characterization of a Brca1 -/-, p53 -/- Mouse Mammary Tumor Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041185. [PMID: 32053991 PMCID: PMC7072850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and the second most common cancer overall. By the age of 80, the estimated risk for breast cancer for women with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations is around 80%. Genetically engineered BRCA1-deficient mouse models offer a unique opportunity to study the pathogenesis and therapy of triple negative breast cancer. Here we present a newly established Brca1−/−, p53−/− mouse mammary tumor cell line, designated as CST. CST shows prominent features of BRCA1-mutated triple-negative breast cancers including increased motility, high proliferation rate, genome instability and sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors (olaparib, veliparib, rucaparib and talazoparib). Genomic instability of CST cells was confirmed by whole genome sequencing, which also revealed the presence of COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) mutation signatures 3 and 8 associated with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. In vitro sensitivity of CST cells was tested against 11 chemotherapy agents. Tumors derived from orthotopically injected CST-mCherry cells in FVB-GFP mice showed sensitivity to cisplatin, providing a new model to study the cooperation of BRCA1-KO, mCherry-positive tumor cells and the GFP-expressing stromal compartment in therapy resistance and metastasis formation. In summary, we have established CST cells as a new model recapitulating major characteristics of BRCA1-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Hámori
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Gyöngyi Kudlik
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Kornélia Szebényi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Ádám Póti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Ferenc Uher
- Central Hospital of Southern Pest—National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Dávid Szüts
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary;
| | - András Füredi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.S.)
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Galectins in prostate and bladder cancer: tumorigenic roles and clinical opportunities. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:433-445. [PMID: 31015643 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced prostate and bladder cancer are two outstanding unmet medical needs for urological oncologists. The high prevalence of these tumours, lack of effective biomarkers and limited effective treatment options highlight the importance of basic research in these diseases. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that are frequently altered (upregulated or downregulated) in a wide range of tumours and have roles in different stages of tumour development and progression, including immune evasion. In particular, altered expression levels of different members of the galectin family have been reported in prostate and bladder cancers, which, together with the aberrant glycosylation patterns found in tumour cells and the constituent cell types of the tumour microenvironment, can result in malignant transformation and tumour progression. Understanding the roles of galectin family proteins in the development and progression of prostate and bladder cancer could yield key insights to inform the clinical management of these diseases.
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Gomez-Zepeda D, Taghi M, Scherrmann JM, Decleves X, Menet MC. ABC Transporters at the Blood-Brain Interfaces, Their Study Models, and Drug Delivery Implications in Gliomas. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010020. [PMID: 31878061 PMCID: PMC7022905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery into the brain is regulated by the blood-brain interfaces. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and the blood-arachnoid barrier (BAB) regulate the exchange of substances between the blood and brain parenchyma. These selective barriers present a high impermeability to most substances, with the selective transport of nutrients and transporters preventing the entry and accumulation of possibly toxic molecules, comprising many therapeutic drugs. Transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily have an important role in drug delivery, because they extrude a broad molecular diversity of xenobiotics, including several anticancer drugs, preventing their entry into the brain. Gliomas are the most common primary tumors diagnosed in adults, which are often characterized by a poor prognosis, notably in the case of high-grade gliomas. Therapeutic treatments frequently fail due to the difficulty of delivering drugs through the brain barriers, adding to diverse mechanisms developed by the cancer, including the overexpression or expression de novo of ABC transporters in tumoral cells and/or in the endothelial cells forming the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). Many models have been developed to study the phenotype, molecular characteristics, and function of the blood-brain interfaces as well as to evaluate drug permeability into the brain. These include in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models, which together can help us to better understand their implication in drug resistance and to develop new therapeutics or delivery strategies to improve the treatment of pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we present the principal characteristics of the blood-brain interfaces; then, we focus on the ABC transporters present on them and their implication in drug delivery; next, we present some of the most important models used for the study of drug transport; finally, we summarize the implication of ABC transporters in glioma and the BBTB in drug resistance and the strategies to improve the delivery of CNS anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gomez-Zepeda
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.-Z.); (M.-C.M.)
| | - Méryam Taghi
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Scherrmann
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Decleves
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- UF Biologie du médicament et toxicologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP HP, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.T.); (J.-M.S.); (X.D.)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- UF Hormonologie adulte, Hôpital Cochin, AP HP, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.G.-Z.); (M.-C.M.)
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Veeranki OL, Tong Z, Mejia A, Verma A, Katkhuda R, Bassett R, Kim TB, Wang J, Lang W, Mino B, Solis L, Kingsley C, Norton W, Tailor R, Wu JY, Krishnan S, Lin SH, Blum M, Hofstetter W, Ajani J, Kopetz S, Maru D. A novel patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model of esophageal adenocarcinoma provides a platform for translational discoveries. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.041004. [PMID: 31732509 PMCID: PMC6918774 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer strive to recapitulate the intratumoral heterogeneity and cellular crosstalk within patient tumors to improve clinical translation. GEJ cancers remain a therapeutic challenge due to the lack of a reliable mouse model for preclinical drug testing. In this study, a novel patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) was established from GEJ cancer via transabdominal surgical implantation. Patient tumor was compared to subcutaneously implanted patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) and PDOX by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing. Treatment efficacy studies of radiotherapy were performed. We observed that mechanical abrasion of mouse GEJ prior to surgical implantation of a patient-derived tumor in situ promotes tumor engraftment (100%, n=6). Complete PDOX engraftment was observed with rapid intra- and extraluminal tumor growth, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging. PDOXs contain fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, immune and inflammatory cells, vascular and lymphatic vessels. Stromal hallmarks of aggressive GEJ cancers are recapitulated in a GEJ PDOX mouse model. PDOXs demonstrate tumor invasion into vasculature and perineural space. Next-generation sequencing revealed loss of heterozygosity with very high allelic frequency in NOTCH3, TGFB1, EZH2 and KMT2C in the patient tumor, the subcutaneous PDX and the PDOX. Immunohistochemical analysis of Her2/neu (also known as ERBB2), p53 (also known as TP53) and p16 (also known as CDKN2A) in PDX and PDOX revealed maintenance of expression of proteins found in patient tumors, but membranous EGFR overexpression in patient tumor cells was absent in both xenografts. Targeted radiotherapy in this model suggested a decrease in size by 61% according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), indicating a partial response to radiation therapy. Our GEJ PDOX model exhibits remarkable fidelity to human disease and captures the precise tissue microenvironment present within the local GEJ architecture, providing a novel tool for translating findings from studies on human GEJ cancer. This model can be applied to study metastatic progression and to develop novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of GEJ cancer. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Editor's choice: The patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma maintains the morphological and molecular characteristics despite being highly heterogeneous, emphasizing its use as a powerful investigational platform to evaluate new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkara Lakshmi Veeranki
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhimin Tong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alicia Mejia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anuj Verma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Riham Katkhuda
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roland Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tae-Beom Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenhua Lang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luisa Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles Kingsley
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William Norton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ramesh Tailor
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Yuan Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mariela Blum
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wayne Hofstetter
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaffer Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dipen Maru
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA .,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Filipczak N, Jaromin A, Piwoni A, Mahmud M, Sarisozen C, Torchilin V, Gubernator J. A Triple Co-Delivery Liposomal Carrier That Enhances Apoptosis via an Intrinsic Pathway in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121982. [PMID: 31835393 PMCID: PMC6966600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of existing anti-cancer therapies is based mainly on the stimulation of apoptosis of cancer cells. Most of the existing therapies are somewhat toxic to normal cells. Therefore, the quest for nontoxic, cancer-specific therapies remains. We have demonstrated the ability of liposomes containing anacardic acid, mitoxantrone and ammonium ascorbate to induce the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the killing of cancer cells in monolayer culture and shown its specificity towards melanoma cells. Liposomes were prepared by a lipid hydration, freeze-and-thaw (FAT) procedure and extrusion through polycarbonate filters, a remote loading method was used for dug encapsulation. Following characterization, hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity and apoptosis inducing effects of loaded nanoparticles were investigated. To identify the anticancer activity mechanism of these liposomes, ROS level and caspase 9 activity were measured by fluorescence and by chemiluminescence respectively. We have demonstrated that the developed liposomal formulations produced a high ROS level, enhanced apoptosis and cell death in melanoma cells, but not in normal cells. The proposed mechanism of the cytotoxic action of these liposomes involved specific generation of free radicals by the iron ions mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Filipczak
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-713-756-318
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Adriana Piwoni
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Mohamed Mahmud
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Misurata, Misurata 2478, Libya
| | - Can Sarisozen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (V.T.)
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (J.G.)
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Castle KD, Kirsch DG. Establishing the Impact of Vascular Damage on Tumor Response to High-Dose Radiation Therapy. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5685-5692. [PMID: 31427377 PMCID: PMC6948140 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Approximately half of all patients with cancer receive radiotherapy, which is conventionally delivered in relatively small doses (1.8-2 Gy) per daily fraction over one to two months. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), in which a high daily radiation dose is delivered in 1 to 5 fractions, has improved local control rates for several cancers. However, despite the widespread adoption of SBRT in the clinic, controversy surrounds the mechanism by which SBRT enhances local control. Some studies suggest that high doses of radiation (≥10 Gy) trigger tumor endothelial cell death, resulting in indirect killing of tumor cells through nutrient depletion. On the other hand, mathematical models predict that the high radiation dose per fraction used in SBRT increases direct tumor cell killing, suggesting that disruption of the tumor vasculature is not a critical mediator of tumor cure. Here, we review the application of genetically engineered mouse models to radiosensitize tumor cells or endothelial cells to dissect the role of these cellular targets in mediating the response of primary tumors to high-dose radiotherapy in vivo These studies demonstrate a role for endothelial cell death in mediating tumor growth delay, but not local control following SBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Castle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Overgaard NH, Fan TM, Schachtschneider KM, Principe DR, Schook LB, Jungersen G. Of Mice, Dogs, Pigs, and Men: Choosing the Appropriate Model for Immuno-Oncology Research. ILAR J 2019; 59:247-262. [PMID: 30476148 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays dual roles in response to cancer. The host immune system protects against tumor formation via immunosurveillance; however, recognition of the tumor by immune cells also induces sculpting mechanisms leading to a Darwinian selection of tumor cell variants with reduced immunogenicity. Cancer immunoediting is the concept used to describe the complex interplay between tumor cells and the immune system. This concept, commonly referred to as the three E's, is encompassed by 3 distinct phases of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Despite impressive results in the clinic, cancer immunotherapy still has room for improvement as many patients remain unresponsive to therapy. Moreover, many of the preclinical results obtained in the widely used mouse models of cancer are lost in translation to human patients. To improve the success rate of immuno-oncology research and preclinical testing of immune-based anticancer therapies, using alternative animal models more closely related to humans is a promising approach. Here, we describe 2 of the major alternative model systems: canine (spontaneous) and porcine (experimental) cancer models. Although dogs display a high rate of spontaneous tumor formation, an increased number of genetically modified porcine models exist. We suggest that the optimal immuno-oncology model may depend on the stage of cancer immunoediting in question. In particular, the spontaneous canine tumor models provide a unique platform for evaluating therapies aimed at the escape phase of cancer, while genetically engineered swine allow for elucidation of tumor-immune cell interactions especially during the phases of elimination and equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana H Overgaard
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | | | - Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Gregers Jungersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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48
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Liu P, Cao W, Ma B, Li M, Chen K, Sideras K, Duitman JW, Sprengers D, Khe Tran TC, Ijzermans JNM, Biermann K, Verheij J, Spek CA, Kwekkeboom J, Pan Q, Peppelenbosch MP. Action and clinical significance of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta in hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:155-163. [PMID: 30325409 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD) is associated with the regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation and is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Here, we investigated its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We observe that CEBPD mRNA expression is significantly downregulated in HCC tumors as compared with adjacent tissues. Protein levels of CEBPD are also lower in tumors relative to adjacent tissues. Reduced expression of CEBPD in the tumor correlates with worse clinical outcome. In both Huh7 and HepG2 cells, shRNA-mediated CEBPD knockdown significantly reduces cell proliferation, single cell colony formation and arrests cells in the G0/G1 phase. Subcutaneous xenografting of Huh7 in nude mice show that CEBPD knockdown results in smaller tumors. Gene expression analysis shows that CEBPD modulates interleukin-1 signaling. We conclude that CEBPD expression uncouples cancer compartment expansion and clinical outcome in HCC, potentially by modulating interleukin-1 signaling. Thus, although our results support the notion that CEBPD acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC, its action does not involve impairing compartment expansion per se but more likely acts through improving anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Buyun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kostandinos Sideras
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Duitman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T C Khe Tran
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Biermann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Arnold Spek
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Gravendijkwal, NL, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Fiordelisi MF, Cavaliere C, Auletta L, Basso L, Salvatore M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Translational Research in Oncology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111883. [PMID: 31698697 PMCID: PMC6912299 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of results from the preclinical to the clinical setting is often anything other than straightforward. Indeed, ideas and even very intriguing results obtained at all levels of preclinical research, i.e., in vitro, on animal models, or even in clinical trials, often require much effort to validate, and sometimes, even useful data are lost or are demonstrated to be inapplicable in the clinic. In vivo, small-animal, preclinical imaging uses almost the same technologies in terms of hardware and software settings as for human patients, and hence, might result in a more rapid translation. In this perspective, magnetic resonance imaging might be the most translatable technique, since only in rare cases does it require the use of contrast agents, and when not, sequences developed in the lab can be readily applied to patients, thanks to their non-invasiveness. The wide range of sequences can give much useful information on the anatomy and pathophysiology of oncologic lesions in different body districts. This review aims to underline the versatility of this imaging technique and its various approaches, reporting the latest preclinical studies on thyroid, breast, and prostate cancers, both on small laboratory animals and on human patients, according to our previous and ongoing research lines.
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50
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Vander Linden C, Corbet C. Reconciling environment-mediated metabolic heterogeneity with the oncogene-driven cancer paradigm in precision oncology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:202-210. [PMID: 31103464 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Precision oncology is the practice of matching one therapy to one specific patient, based on particular genetic tumor alterations, in order to achieve the best clinical response. Despite an expanding arsenal of targeted therapies, many patients still have a poor outcome because tumor cells show a remarkable capacity to develop drug resistance, thereby leading to tumor relapse. Besides genotype-driven resistance mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME) peculiarities strongly contribute to generate an intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity that affects disease progression and treatment outcome. In this Review, we describe how TME-mediated metabolic heterogeneities actively participate to therapeutic failure. We report how a lactate-based metabolic symbiosis acts as a mechanism of adaptive resistance to targeted therapies and we describe the role of mitochondrial metabolism, in particular oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), to support the growth and survival of therapy-resistant tumor cells in a variety of cancers. Finally, we detail potential metabolism-interfering therapeutic strategies aiming to eradicate OXPHOS-dependent relapse-sustaining malignant cells and we discuss relevant (pre)clinical models that may help integrate TME-driven metabolic heterogeneity in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Vander Linden
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, B1.57.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, 57 Avenue Hippocrate, B1.57.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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