1
|
Custer SK, Gilson T, Astroski JW, Nanguneri SR, Iurillo AM, Androphy EJ. COPI coatomer subunit α-COP interacts with the RNA binding protein Nucleolin via a C-terminal dilysine motif. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3263-3275. [PMID: 37658769 PMCID: PMC10656708 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COPI coatomer subunit α-COP has been shown to co-precipitate mRNA in multiple settings, but it was unclear whether the interaction with mRNA was direct or mediated by interaction with an adapter protein. The COPI complex often interacts with proteins via C-terminal dilysine domains. A search for candidate RNA binding proteins with C-terminal dilysine motifs yielded Nucleolin, which terminates in a KKxKxx sequence. This protein was an especially intriguing candidate as it has been identified as an interacting partner for Survival Motor Neuron protein (SMN). Loss of SMN causes the neurodegenerative disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy. We have previously shown that SMN and α-COP interact and co-migrate in axons, and that overexpression of α-COP reduced phenotypic severity in cell culture and animal models of SMA. We show here that in an mRNA independent manner, endogenous Nucleolin co-precipitates endogenous α-COP and ε-COP but not β-COP which may reflect an interaction with the so-called B-subcomplex rather a complete COPI heptamer. The ability of Nucleolin to bind to α-COP requires the presence of the C-terminal KKxKxx domain of Nucleolin. Furthermore, we have generated a point mutant in the WD40 domain of α-COP which eliminates its ability to co-precipitate Nucleolin but does not interfere with precipitation of partners mediated by non-KKxKxx motifs such as the kainate receptor subunit 2. We propose that via interaction between the C-terminal dilysine motif of Nucleolin and the WD40 domain of α-COP, Nucleolin acts an adaptor to allow α-COP to interact with a population of mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Custer
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Timra Gilson
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jacob W Astroski
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Siddarth R Nanguneri
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alyssa M Iurillo
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10 St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Elliot J Androphy
- Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 139, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chowdhury MN, Jin H. The RGG motif proteins: Interactions, functions, and regulations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1748. [PMID: 35661420 PMCID: PMC9718894 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Proteins with motifs rich in arginines and glycines were discovered decades ago and are functionally involved in a staggering range of essential processes in the cell. Versatile, specific, yet adaptable molecular interactions enabled by the unique combination of arginine and glycine, combined with multiplicity of molecular recognition conferred by repeated di-, tri-, and multiple peptide motifs, allow RGG motif proteins to interact with a broad range of proteins and nucleic acids. Furthermore, posttranslational modifications at the arginines in the motif extend the RGG protein's capacity for a fine-tuned regulation. In this review, we focus on the biochemical properties of the RGG motif, its molecular interactions with RNAs and proteins, and roles of the posttranslational modification in modulating their interactions. We discuss current knowledge of the RGG motif proteins involved in mRNA transport and translation, highlight our merging understanding of their molecular functions in translational regulation and summarize areas of research in the future critical in understanding this important family of proteins. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications Translation > Mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashiat N. Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, 1206 West Gregory Drive, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801,Corresponding author: Phone: (217)244-9493, Fax: (217)244-5858,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nohira N, Shinji S, Nakamura S, Nihashi Y, Shimosato T, Takaya T. Myogenetic Oligodeoxynucleotides as Anti-Nucleolin Aptamers Inhibit the Growth of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2691. [PMID: 36359210 PMCID: PMC9687923 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is the muscle-derived tumor retaining myogenic ability. iSN04 and AS1411, which are myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotides (myoDNs) serving as anti-nucleolin aptamers, have been reported to inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of myoblasts. The present study investigated the effects of iSN04 and AS1411 in vitro on the growth of multiple patient-derived ERMS cell lines, ERMS1, KYM1, and RD. RT-PCR and immunostaining revealed that nucleolin was abundantly expressed and localized in nucleoplasm and nucleoli in all ERMS cell lines, similar to myoblasts. Both iSN04 and AS1411 at final concentrations of 10-30 μM significantly decreased the number of all ERMS cells; however, their optimal conditions were different among the cell lines. In all ERMS cell lines, iSN04 at a final concentration of 10 μM markedly reduced the ratio of EdU+ cells, indicating the inhibition of cell proliferation. Quantitative RT-PCR or immunostaining of phosphorylated histone H3 and myosin heavy chain demonstrated that iSN04 suppressed the cell cycle and partially promoted myogenesis but did not induce apoptosis in ERMS cells. Finally, both iSN04 and AS1411 at final concentrations of 10-30 μM disrupted the formation and outgrowth of RD tumorspheres in three-dimensional culture mimicking in vivo tumorigenesis. In conclusion, ERMS cells expressed nucleolin, and their growth was inhibited by the anti-nucleolin aptamers, iSN04 and AS1411, which modulates several cell cycle-related and myogenic gene expression. The present study provides evidence that anti-nucleolin aptamers can be used as nucleic acid drugs for chemotherapy against ERMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nohira
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shinji
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shunichi Nakamura
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Yuma Nihashi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimosato
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Tomohide Takaya
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gu C, Zhang W, Yang E, Gu C, Zhang Z, Ke J, Wang X, Wu S, Li S, Wu F. Blockage of Orai1-Nucleolin interaction meditated calcium influx attenuates breast cancer cells growth. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:55. [PMID: 36109490 PMCID: PMC9478099 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAs an important second messenger, calcium (Ca2+) regulates a wide variety of physiological processes. Disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis implicated in the occurrence of multiple types of diseases. Orai1 is the major player in mediating store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and regulates calcium homeostasis in non-excitable cells. Over-expression and activation of Orai1 have been reported in breast cancer. However, its molecular mechanisms are still not very clear. Here, we demonstrated that Nucleolin (NCL) was a novel interacting partner of Orai1. NCL is a multifunctional nucleocytoplasmic protein and is upregulated in human breast tumors. The binding of C-termini of NCL (NCL-CT) to N-termini of Orai1 (Orai1-NT) is critical for mediating calcium influx and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Blocking the NCL-Orai1 interaction by synthesized Orai1 peptide can effectively reduce the intracellular calcium influx and suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings reveal a novel activation mechanism of Orai1 via direct interaction with NCL, which may lead to calcium homeostasis imbalance and promote the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Blocking NCL-Orai1 interaction might be an effective treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee TA, Han H, Polash A, Cho SK, Lee JW, Ra EA, Lee E, Park A, Kang S, Choi JL, Kim JH, Lee JE, Min KW, Yang SW, Hafner M, Lee I, Yoon JH, Lee S, Park B. The nucleolus is the site for inflammatory RNA decay during infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5203. [PMID: 36057640 PMCID: PMC9440930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines are key signaling molecules that can promote an immune response, thus their RNA turnover must be tightly controlled during infection. Most studies investigate the RNA decay pathways in the cytosol or nucleoplasm but never focused on the nucleolus. Although this organelle has well-studied roles in ribosome biogenesis and cellular stress sensing, the mechanism of RNA decay within the nucleolus is not completely understood. Here, we report that the nucleolus is an essential site of inflammatory pre-mRNA instability during infection. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that not only do inflammatory genes have higher intronic read densities compared with non-inflammatory genes, but their pre-mRNAs are highly enriched in nucleoli during infection. Notably, nucleolin (NCL) acts as a guide factor for recruiting cytosine or uracil (C/U)-rich sequence-containing inflammatory pre-mRNAs and the Rrp6-exosome complex to the nucleolus through a physical interaction, thereby enabling targeted RNA delivery to Rrp6-exosomes and subsequent degradation. Consequently, Ncl depletion causes aberrant hyperinflammation, resulting in a severe lethality in response to LPS. Importantly, the dynamics of NCL post-translational modifications determine its functional activity in phases of LPS. This process represents a nucleolus-dependent pathway for maintaining inflammatory gene expression integrity and immunological homeostasis during infection. The nucleolus is the traditional site for ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Here, the authors find that the nucleolus is a site of inflammatory pre-mRNA turnover and elucidated how immune homeostasis can be maintained by controlling inflammatory gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyun A Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heonjong Han
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Ahsan Polash
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seok Keun Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Eun A Ra
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Areum Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhee L Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute (SGI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Min
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Seong Wook Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Sungwook Lee
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
| | - Boyoun Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yangngam S, Prasopsiri J, Hatthakarnkul P, Thongchot S, Thuwajit P, Yenchitsomanus PT, Edwards J, Thuwajit C. Cellular localization of nucleolin determines the prognosis in cancers: a meta-analysis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1145-1157. [PMID: 35861882 PMCID: PMC9329415 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein expressed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. Overexpression of NCL has a controversial role as a poor prognostic marker in cancers. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of NCL in different subcellular localizations (cytoplasmic (CyNCL) and nuclear (NuNCL)) across a range of cancers. PubMed was searched for relevant publications. Data were extracted and analyzed from 12 studies involving 1221 patients with eight cancer types. The results revealed high total NCL was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.85 (1.94, 4.91), p < 0.00001, I2 = 59%) and short disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 3.57 (2.76, 4.62), p < 0.00001, I2 = 2%). High CyNCL was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 4.32 (3.01, 6.19), p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) and short DFS (HR = 3.00 (2.17, 4.15), p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). In contrast, high NuNCL correlated with increased patient OS (HR = 0.42 (0.20, 0.86), p = 0.02, I2 = 66%), with no significant correlation to DFS observed (HR = 0.46 (0.19, 1.14), p = 0.09, I2 = 57%). This study supports the role of subcellular NCL as a poor prognostic cancer biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Yangngam
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Jaturawitt Prasopsiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Phimmada Hatthakarnkul
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dagar S, Pushpa K, Pathak D, Samaddar S, Saxena A, Banerjee S, Mylavarapu SVS. Nucleolin regulates 14-3-3ζ mRNA and promotes cofilin phosphorylation to induce tunneling nanotube formation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21199. [PMID: 33222276 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001152r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) mediate intercellular communication between animal cells in health and disease, but the mechanisms of their biogenesis and function are poorly understood. Here we report that the RNA-binding protein (RBP) nucleolin, which interacts with the known TNT-inducing protein MSec, is essential for TNT formation in mammalian cells. Nucleolin, through its RNA-binding domains (RBDs), binds to and maintains the cytosolic levels of 14-3-3ζ mRNA, and is, therefore, required for TNT formation. A specific region of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the 14-3-3ζ mRNA is likely to be involved in its regulation by nucleolin. Functional complementation experiments suggest that nucleolin and 14-3-3ζ form a linear signaling axis that promotes the phosphorylation and inactivation of the F-actin depolymerization factor cofilin to induce TNT formation. MSec also similarly inactivates cofilin, but potentiates TNT formation independent of the nucleolin-14-3-3ζ axis, despite biochemically interacting with both proteins. We show that 14-3-3ζ and nucleolin are required for the formation of TNTs between primary mouse neurons and astrocytes and in multiple other mammalian cell types. We also report that the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs of 14-3-3ζ and MSec regulate the size and architecture of the TNT-like cellular protrusions of the distal tip cell (DTC), the germline stem cell niche in the gonad. Our study demonstrates a novel and potentially conserved mRNA-guided mechanism of TNT formation through the maintenance of cellular 14-3-3ζ mRNA levels by the RBP nucleolin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Dagar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
- Affiliated to the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kumari Pushpa
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Diksha Pathak
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Anjana Saxena
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College AND Biology and Biochemistry Programs, Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
- Affiliated to the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nucleolin represses transcription of the androgen receptor gene through a G-quadruplex. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1758-1776. [PMID: 32477465 PMCID: PMC7233804 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a major driver of prostate cancer development and progression. Men who develop advanced prostate cancer often have long-term cancer control when treated with androgen-deprivation therapies (ADT). Still, their disease inevitably becomes resistant to ADT and progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ADT involves potent competitive AR antagonists and androgen synthesis inhibitors. Resistance to these types of treatments emerges, primarily through the maintenance of AR signaling by ligand-independent activation mechanisms. There is a need to find better ways to block AR to overcome CRPC. In the findings reported here, we demonstrate that the nuclear scaffold protein, nucleolin (NCL), suppresses the expression of AR. NCL binds to a G-rich region in the AR promoter that forms a G-quadruplex (G4) structure. Binding of NCL to this G4-element is required for NCL to suppress AR expression, specifically in AR-expressing tumor cells. Compounds that stabilize G4 structures require NCL to associate with the G4-element of the AR promoter in order to decrease AR expression. A newly discovered G4 compound that suppresses AR expression demonstrates selective killing of AR-expressing tumor cells, including CRPC lines. Our findings raise the significant possibility that G4-stabilizing drugs can be used to increase NCL transcriptional repressor activity to block AR expression in prostate cancer. Our studies contribute to a clearer understanding of the mechanisms that control AR expression, which could be exploited to overcome CRPC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Falconi M, Giangrossi M, Zabaleta ME, Wang J, Gambini V, Tilio M, Bencardino D, Occhipinti S, Belletti B, Laudadio E, Galeazzi R, Marchini C, Amici A. A novel 3'-tRNA Glu-derived fragment acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting nucleolin. FASEB J 2019; 33:13228-13240. [PMID: 31560576 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900382rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have been defined as a novel class of small noncoding RNAs. tRFs have been reported to be deregulated in cancer, but their biologic function remains to be fully understood. We have identified a new tRF (named tRF3E), derived from mature tRNAGlu, that is specifically expressed in healthy mammary glands but not in breast cancer (BC). Consistently, tRF3E levels significantly decrease in the blood of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BC reflecting tumor status (control > early cancer > metastatic cancer). tRF3E down-regulation was recapitulated in Δ16HER2 transgenic mice, representing a BC preclinical model. Pulldown assays, used to search for proteins capable to selectively bind tRF3E, have shown that this tRF specifically interacts with nucleolin (NCL), an RNA-binding protein overexpressed in BC and able to repress the translation of p53 mRNA. The binding properties of NCL-tRF3E complex, predicted in silico and analyzed by EMSA assays, are congruent with a competitive displacement of p53 mRNA by tRF3E, leading to an increased p53 expression and consequently to a modulation of cancer cell growth. Here, we provide evidence that tRF3E plays an important role in the pathogenesis of BC displaying tumor-suppressor functions through a NCL-mediated mechanism.-Falconi, M., Giangrossi, M., Elexpuru Zabaleta, M., Wang, J., Gambini, V., Tilio, M., Bencardino, D., Occhipinti, S., Belletti, B., Laudadio, E., Galeazzi, R., Marchini, C., Amici, A. A novel 3'-tRNAGlu-derived fragment acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting nucleolin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Falconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Mara Giangrossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Martina Tilio
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniela Bencardino
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sergio Occhipinti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Laudadio
- Dipartimento Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia, dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoja-Łukowicz D, Szwed S, Laidler P, Lityńska A. Proteomic analysis of Tn-bearing glycoproteins from different stages of melanoma cells reveals new biomarkers. Biochimie 2018; 151:14-26. [PMID: 29802864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, responds poorly to conventional therapy. The appearance of Tn antigen-modified proteins in cancer is correlated with metastasis and poor prognoses. The Tn determinant has been recognized as a powerful diagnostic and therapeutic target, and as an object for the development of anti-tumor vaccine strategies. This study was designed to identify Tn-carrying proteins and reveal their influence on cutaneous melanoma progression. We used a lectin-based strategy to purify Tn antigen-enriched cellular glycoproteome, the LC-MS/MS method to identify isolated glycoproteins, and the DAVID bioinformatics tool to classify the identified proteins. We identified 146 different Tn-bearing glycoproteins, 88% of which are new. The Tn-glycoproteome was generally enriched in proteins involved in the control of ribosome biogenesis, CDR-mediated mRNA stabilization, cell-cell adhesion and extracellular vesicle formation. The differential expression patterns of Tn-modified proteins for cutaneous primary and metastatic melanoma cells supported nonmetastatic and metastatic cell phenotypes, respectively. To our knowledge, this study is the first large-scale proteomic analysis of Tn-bearing proteins in human melanoma cells. The identified Tn-modified proteins are related to the biological and molecular nature of cutaneous melanoma and may be valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sabina Szwed
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Laidler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Lityńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang X, Xiao S, Rameau RD, Devany E, Nadeem Z, Caglar E, Ng K, Kleiman FE, Saxena A. Nucleolin phosphorylation regulates PARN deadenylase activity during cellular stress response. RNA Biol 2018; 15:251-260. [PMID: 29168431 PMCID: PMC5798948 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1408764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is an abundant stress-responsive, RNA-binding phosphoprotein that controls gene expression by regulating either mRNA stability and/or translation. NCL binds to the AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3'UTR of target mRNAs, mediates miRNA functions in the nearby target sequences, and regulates mRNA deadenylation. However, the mechanism by which NCL phosphorylation affects these functions and the identity of the deadenylase involved, remain largely unexplored. Earlier we demonstrated that NCL phosphorylation is vital for cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas phosphorylation-deficient NCL at six consensus CK2 sites confers dominant-negative effect on proliferation by increasing p53 expression, possibly mimicking cellular DNA damage conditions. In this study, we show that NCL phosphorylation at those CK2 consensus sites in the N-terminus is necessary to induce deadenylation upon oncogenic stimuli and UV stress. NCL-WT, but not hypophosphorylated NCL-6/S*A, activates poly (A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) deadenylase activity. We further demonstrate that NCL interacts directly with PARN, and under non-stress conditions also forms (a) complex (es) with factors that regulate deadenylation, such as p53 and the ARE-binding protein HuR. Upon UV stress, the interaction of hypophosphorylated NCL-6/S*A with these proteins is favored. As an RNA-binding protein, NCL interacts with PARN deadenylase substrates such as TP53 and BCL2 mRNAs, playing a role in their downregulation under non-stress conditions. For the first time, we show that NCL phosphorylation offers specificity to its protein-protein, protein-RNA interactions, resulting in the PARN deadenylase regulation, and hence gene expression, during cellular stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokan Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shu Xiao
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Emral Devany
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zaineb Nadeem
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Elif Caglar
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Ng
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Anjana Saxena
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Anti-Apoptotic BCL2 Family Members. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010308. [PMID: 29361709 PMCID: PMC5796252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family members (BCL2, MCL1, BCLxL, BCLW, and BFL1) are key players in the regulation of intrinsic apoptosis. Dysregulation of these proteins not only impairs normal development, but also contributes to tumor progression and resistance to various anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, cells maintain strict control over the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members using multiple mechanisms. Over the past two decades, the importance of post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA in controlling gene expression and its impact on normal homeostasis and disease have begun to be appreciated. In this review, we discuss the RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that mediate post-transcriptional regulation of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members. We describe their roles and impact on alternative splicing, mRNA turnover, and mRNA subcellular localization. We also point out the importance of future studies in characterizing the crosstalk between RBPs and miRNAs in regulating anti-apoptotic BCL2 family member expression and ultimately apoptosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ugrinova I, Petrova M, Chalabi-Dchar M, Bouvet P. Multifaceted Nucleolin Protein and Its Molecular Partners in Oncogenesis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 111:133-164. [PMID: 29459030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Discovered in 1973, nucleolin is one of the most abundant phosphoproteins of the nucleolus. The ability of nucleolin to be involved in many cellular processes is probably related to its structural organization and its capability to form many different interactions with other proteins. Many functions of nucleolin affect cellular processes involved in oncogenesis-for instance: in ribosome biogenesis; in DNA repair, remodeling, and genome stability; in cell division and cell survival; in chemokine and growth factor signaling pathways; in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis; in epithelial-mesenchymal transition; and in stemness. In this review, we will describe the different functions of nucleolin in oncogenesis through its interaction with other proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Ugrinova
- "Roumen Tsanev" Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Maria Petrova
- "Roumen Tsanev" Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mounira Chalabi-Dchar
- Université de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jia W, Yao Z, Zhao J, Guan Q, Gao L. New perspectives of physiological and pathological functions of nucleolin (NCL). Life Sci 2017; 186:1-10. [PMID: 28751161 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein that mainly localized in the nucleolus, it is also found in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and cell membrane. The three main structural domains allow the interaction of NCL with different proteins and RNA sequences. Moreover, specific post-translational modifications and its shuttling property also contribute to its multifunctionality. NCL has been demonstrated to be involved in a variety of aspects such as ribosome biogenesis, chromatin organization and stability, DNA and RNA metabolism, cytokinesis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis regulation, stress response and microRNA processing. NCL has been increasingly implicated in several pathological processes, especially in tumorigenesis and viral infection, which makes NCL a potential target for the development of anti-tumor and anti-viral strategies. In this review, we present an overview on the structure, localizations and various functions of NCL, and further describe how the multiple functions of NCL are correlated to its multiple cellular distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Olson JS, Lubner JM, Meyer DJ, Grant JE. An in silico analysis of primary and secondary structure specificity determinants for human peptidylarginine deiminase types 2 and 4. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 70:107-115. [PMID: 28850877 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human peptidylarginine deiminases (hPADs) are a family of five calcium-dependent enzymes that facilitate citrullination, which is the post-translational modification of peptidyl arginine to peptidyl citrulline. The isozymes hPAD2 and hPAD4 have been implicated in the development and progression of several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. To better characterize the primary and secondary structure determinants of citrullination specificity, we mined the literature for protein sequences susceptible to citrullination by hPAD2 or hPAD4. First, protein secondary structure classification (α-helix, β-sheet, or coil) was predicted using the PSIPRED software. Next, we used motif-x and pLogo to extract and visualize statistically significant motifs within each data set. Within the data sets of peptides predicted to lie in coil regions, both hPAD2 and hPAD4 appear to favor citrullination of glycine-containing motifs, while distinct hydrophobic motifs were identified for hPAD2 citrullination sites predicted to reside within α-helical and β-sheet regions. Additionally, we identified potential substrate overlap between coil region citrullination and arginine methylation. Together, these results confirm the importance and offer some insight into the role of secondary structure elements for citrullination specificity, and provide biological context for the existing hPAD specificity and arginine post-translational modification literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Olson
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Stout, 410 10th Avenue E., Menomonie, WI 54751, United States
| | - Joshua M Lubner
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Dylan J Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Stout, 410 10th Avenue E., Menomonie, WI 54751, United States
| | - Jennifer E Grant
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Stout, 410 10th Avenue E., Menomonie, WI 54751, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Woo HH, Lee SC, Gibson SJ, Chambers SK. Expression of the cytoplasmic nucleolin for post-transcriptional regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA in ovarian and breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:337-348. [PMID: 28131007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the mRNP complex is a critical component of translational regulation and mRNA decay. Both the 5' and 3'UTRs of CSF-1 mRNA are involved in post-transcriptional regulation. In CSF-1 mRNA, a small hairpin loop structure is predicted to form at the extreme 5' end (2-21nt) of the 5'UTR. Nucleolin binds the hairpin loop structure in the 5'UTR of CSF-1 mRNA and enhances translation, while removal of this hairpin loop nucleolin binding element dramatically represses translation. Thus in CSF-1 mRNA, the hairpin loop nucleolin binding element is critical for translational regulation. In addition, nucleolin interacts with the 3'UTR of CSF-1 mRNA and facilitates the miRISC formation which results in poly (A) tail shortening. The overexpression of nucleolin increases the association of CSF-1 mRNA containing short poly (A)n≤26, with polyribosomes. Nucleolin both forms an mRNP complex with the eIF4G and CSF-1 mRNA, and is co-localized with the eIF4G in the cytoplasm further supporting nucleolin's role in translational regulation. The distinct foci formation of nucleolin in the cytoplasm of ovarian and breast cancer cells implicates the translational promoting role of nucleolin in these cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Hyung Woo
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Sang C Lee
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu JY, Lu S, Xu XY, Hu SL, Li B, Li WX, Chang JY. Prognostic significance of nuclear or cytoplasmic nucleolin expression in human non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with DNA-PKcs. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10349-56. [PMID: 26846099 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of nucleolin in tissue samples in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nucleolin was studied to determine whether it has a prognostic value and if its levels correlate with various clinicopathologic parameters. The relationship between nucleolin and expression of DNA-PKcs was also evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was used for detecting the expression levels of nucleolin and DNA-PKcs in tissues from 225 stage IA to IIIB NSCLC patients who underwent lung surgery. Nucleolin was observed predominantly in the cytoplasm, and some levels were observed in the nucleus. Nucleolin expression was higher in NSCLC tissues than adjacent normal lung tissues. Among 225 NSCLC patients, 117 (52.0 %) had high expression of nucleolin. The expression of nucleolin was significantly associated with pathologic stage (P = 0.013) and T status (P = 0.043). Multivariate analysis revealed that nucleolin, cytoplasmic nucleolin, and nuclear nucleolin expression were independent prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001). A high level of nuclear nucleolin served as an independent prognostic factor for better survival, while a high level of cytoplasmic nucleolin was closely associated with worse prognosis in NSCLC patients. The expression of nucleolin and cytoplasmic nucleolin positively correlated with DNA-PKcs (P < 0.001). These data suggest that nucleolin could be an effective treatment target and prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yu Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Song-Liu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Xin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Joe Y Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 97, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bose S, Tholanikunnel TE, Reuben A, Tholanikunnel BG, Spicer EK. Regulation of nucleolin expression by miR-194, miR-206, and HuR. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 417:141-53. [PMID: 27221739 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin is a proliferation-associated protein that is overexpressed in multiple types of cancer. The mechanisms leading to overexpression of nucleolin in specific cancers are not fully understood. This study found that nucleolin is notably elevated in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-231 compared to nonmalignant breast epithelial MCF-10A cells. In silico analyses revealed the presence of putative binding sites for microRNAs miR-194 and miR-206 in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Ncl mRNA. Transfection of the three cell lines with pre-miR-194 or pre-miR-206 specifically decreased the Ncl mRNA and protein expression. Treatments of the cells with antagomiR-194 or antagomiR-206 upregulated nucleolin expression ~2- to 3-fold. Co-transfection of cells with a reporter vector containing the Ncl 3'-UTR downstream from the Renilla luciferase gene and pre-miR-194 or pre-miR-206 led to a ~3-fold decrease in Renilla/firefly luciferase activity. Cytoplasmic levels of the RNA-binding protein HuR were higher in MCF-7 and MDA-231 cells than those in MCF-10A cells. RNA immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that HuR binds to Ncl mRNA in all the three cell types. ShRNA-mediated knock-down of HuR induced a decrease in nucleolin expression, while exogenous expression of HuR led to upregulation of nucleolin expression. Analysis of the polysome-monosome distribution of Ncl mRNA in HuR knock-down cells demonstrated that HuR enhances the translation efficiency of Ncl mRNA. These findings demonstrate that nucleolin expression is down-regulated by miR-194 and miR-206 and upregulated by HuR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Bose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, P. O. Box 250509, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Amity Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Gautam Buddha Nagar Sec-125, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Tracy E Tholanikunnel
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Baby G Tholanikunnel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, P. O. Box 250509, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Eleanor K Spicer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, P. O. Box 250509, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khabar KSA. Hallmarks of cancer and AU-rich elements. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27251431 PMCID: PMC5215528 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post‐transcriptional control of gene expression is aberrant in cancer cells. Sustained stabilization and enhanced translation of specific mRNAs are features of tumor cells. AU‐rich elements (AREs), cis‐acting mRNA decay determinants, play a major role in the posttranscriptional regulation of many genes involved in cancer processes. This review discusses the role of aberrant ARE‐mediated posttranscriptional processes in each of the hallmarks of cancer, including sustained cellular growth, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1368. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1368 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S A Khabar
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mungunsukh O, Lee YH, Bottaro DP, Day RM. The hepatocyte growth factor isoform NK2 activates motogenesis and survival but not proliferation due to lack of Akt activation. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1114-23. [PMID: 27224506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotrophic factor involved in cellular proliferation, migration and morphogenesis. HGF is required for normal tissue and organ development during embryogenesis, but in the adult HGF has been demonstrated to drive normal tissue repair and inhibit fibrotic remodeling. HGF has two naturally occurring human isoforms as a result of alternative splicing, NK1 and NK2. While NK1 has been defined as an agonist for HGF receptor, Met, NK2 is defined as a partial Met antagonist. Furthermore, under conditions of fibrotic remodeling, NK2 is still expressed while full length HGF is suppressed. Furthermore, the mechanism by which NK2 partially signals through Met is not completely understood. Here, we investigated the mitogenic, motogenic, and anti-apoptotic activities of NK2 compared with full length HGF in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BEpC) and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). In human BEpC, NK2 partial activated Met, inducing Met phosphorylation at Y1234/1235 in the tyrosine-kinase domain but not at Y1349 site in the multifunctional docking domain. Partial phosphorylation of Met by NK2 resulted in activation of MAPK and STAT3, but not AKT. This correlated with motogenesis and survival in a MAPK-dependent manner, but not cell proliferation. Overexpression of a constitutively active AKT complemented NK2 signaling, allowing NK2 to induce cell proliferation. These data indicate that NK2 and HGF drive motogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling but only HGF drives cell proliferation by activating AKT-pathway signaling. These results have implications for the biological consequences of differential regulation of the two isoforms under pro-fibrotic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ognoon Mungunsukh
- The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Young H Lee
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donald P Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Regina M Day
- The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saha S, Chakraborty A, Bandyopadhyay SS. Stabilization of Oncostatin-M mRNA by Binding of Nucleolin to a GC-Rich Element in Its 3'UTR. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:988-99. [PMID: 26399567 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin-M (OSM) is a patho-physiologically important pleiotropic, multifunctional cytokine. OSM mRNA sequence analysis revealed that its 3'UTR contains three highly conserved GC-rich cis-elements (GCREs) whose role in mRNA stability is unidentified. In the present study, the functional role of the proximal GC-rich region of osm 3'-UTR (GCRE-1) in post-transcriptional regulation of osm expression in U937 cells was assessed by transfecting construct containing GCRE-1 at 3'-end of a fairly stable reporter gene followed by analysis of the expression of the reporter. GCRE-1 showed mRNA destabilizing activity; however, upon PMA treatment the reporter message containing GCRE-1 was stabilized. This stabilization is owing to a time-dependent progressive binding of trans-factors (at least five proteins) to GCRE-1 post-PMA treatment. Nucleolin was identified as one of the proteins in the RNP complex of GCRE-1 with PMA-treated U937 cytosolic extracts by oligo-dT affinity chromatography of poly-adenylated GCRE-1. Immuno-blot revealed time-dependent enhancement of nucleolin in the cytoplasm which in turn directly binds GCRE-1. RNA co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the GCRE-1-nucleolin interaction in vivo. To elucidate the functional role of nucleolin in stabilization of osm mRNA, nucleolin was overexpressed in U937 cells and found to stabilize the intrinsic osm mRNA, where co-transfection with the reporter containing GCRE-1 confirms the role of GCRE-1 in stabilization of the reporter mRNA. Thus, in conclusion, the results asserted that PMA treatment in U937 cells leads to cytoplasmic translocation of nucleolin that directly binds GCRE-1, one of the major GC-rich instability elements, thereby stabilizing the osm mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Saha
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Alina Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Sumita Sengupta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie Q, Guo X, Gu J, Zhang L, Jin H, Huang H, Li J, Huang C. p85α promotes nucleolin transcription and subsequently enhances EGFR mRNA stability and EGF-induced malignant cellular transformation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:16636-49. [PMID: 26918608 PMCID: PMC4941340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p85α is a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) that is a key lipid enzyme for generating phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate, and subsequently activates signaling that ultimately regulates cell cycle progression, cell growth, cytoskeletal changes, and cell migration. In addition to form a complex with the p110 catalytic subunit, p85α also exists as a monomeric form due to that there is a greater abundance of p85α than p110 in many cell types. Our previous studies have demonstrated that monomeric p85α exerts a pro-apoptotic role in UV response through induction of TNF-α gene expression in PI3K-independent manner. In current studies, we identified a novel biological function of p85α as a positive regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and cell malignant transformation via nucleolin-dependent mechanism. Our results showed that p85α was crucial for EGFR and nucleolin expression and subsequently resulted in an increase of malignant cellular transformation by using both specific knockdown and deletion of p85α in its normal expressed cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that p85α upregulated EGFR protein expression mainly through stabilizing its mRNA, whereas nucleolin (NCL) was able to bind to egfr mRNA and increase its mRNA stability. Consistently, overexpression of NCL in p85α-/- cells restored EGFR mRNA stabilization, protein expression and cell malignant transformation. Moreover, we discovered that p85α upregulated NCL gene transcription via enhancing C-Jun activation. Collectively, our studies demonstrate a novel function of p85α as a positive regulator of EGFR mRNA stability and cell malignant transformation, providing a significant insight into the understanding of biomedical nature of p85α protein in mammalian cells and further supporting that p85α might be a potential target for cancer prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xirui Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jiayan Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hernández BA, Sandoval-Jaime C, Sosnovtsev SV, Green KY, Gutiérrez-Escolano AL. Nucleolin promotes in vitro translation of feline calicivirus genomic RNA. Virology 2016; 489:51-62. [PMID: 26707270 PMCID: PMC4761316 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Feline calicivirus depends on host-cell proteins for its replication. We previously showed that knockdown of nucleolin (NCL), a phosphoprotein involved in ribosome biogenesis, resulted in the reduction of FCV protein synthesis and virus yield. Here, we found that NCL may not be involved in FCV binding and entry into cells, but it binds to both ends of the FCV genomic RNA, and stimulates its translation in vitro. AGRO100, an aptamer that specifically binds and inactivates NCL, caused a strong reduction in FCV protein synthesis. This effect could be reversed by the addition of full-length NCL but not by a ΔrNCL, lacking the N-terminal domain. Consistent with this, FCV infection of CrFK cells stably expressing ΔrNCL led to a reduction in virus protein translation. These results suggest that NCL is part of the FCV RNA translational complex, and that the N-terminal part of the protein is required for efficient FCV replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Alvarado Hernández
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sandoval-Jaime
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Kim Y Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana Lorena Gutiérrez-Escolano
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
MYC is a transcription factor, which not only directly modulates multiple aspects of transcription and co‐transcriptional processing (e.g. RNA‐Polymerase II initiation, elongation, and mRNA capping), but also indirectly influences several steps of RNA metabolism, including both constitutive and alternative splicing, mRNA stability, and translation efficiency. As MYC is an oncoprotein whose expression is deregulated in multiple human cancers, identifying its critical downstream activities in tumors is of key importance for designing effective therapeutic strategies. With this knowledge and recent technological advances, we now have multiple angles to reach the goal of targeting MYC in tumors, ranging from the direct reduction of MYC levels, to the dampening of selected house‐keeping functions in MYC‐overexpressing cells, to more targeted approaches based on MYC‐induced secondary effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M Koh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Arianna Sabò
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ho IL, Kuo KL, Liu SH, Chang HC, Hsieh JT, Wu JT, Chiang CK, Lin WC, Tsai YC, Chou CT, Hsu CH, Pu YS, Shi CS, Huang KH. MLN4924 Synergistically Enhances Cisplatin-induced Cytotoxicity via JNK and Bcl-xL Pathways in Human Urothelial Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16948. [PMID: 26592553 PMCID: PMC4655337 DOI: 10.1038/srep16948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma. However, the response rate is only 40–65%. This study investigated the anti-tumor effect and underlying mechanisms of the combination of cisplatin and the NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 in human bladder urothelial carcinoma. The combination of cisplatin and MLN4924 exerted synergistic cytotoxicity on two high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma cell lines, NTUB1 and T24 (combination index <1). MLN4924 also potentiated the cisplatin-induced apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 and -7, phospho-histone H2A.X and PARP. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and a down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) were also observed during cisplatin and MLN4924 treatment. Inhibition of JNK activation partially restored cell viability and Bcl-xL expression. Bcl-xL overexpression also rescued cell viability. MLN4924 significantly potentiated cisplatin-induced tumor suppression in urothelial carcinoma xenograft mice. In summary, MLN4924 synergistically enhanced the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin via an increase in DNA damage, JNK activation and down-regulation of Bcl-xL in urothelial carcinoma cells. These findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Ho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa- Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ton Hsieh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - June-Tai Wu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tso Chou
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Selenium is an essential trace element that is incorporated in the small but vital family of proteins, namely the selenoproteins, as the selenocysteine amino acid residue. In humans, 25 selenoprotein genes have been characterized. The most remarkable trait of selenoprotein biosynthesis is the cotranslational insertion of selenocysteine by the recoding of a UGA codon, normally decoded as a stop signal. RECENT ADVANCES In eukaryotes, a set of dedicated cis- and trans-acting factors have been identified as well as a variety of regulatory mechanisms, factors, or elements that control the selenoprotein expression at the level of the UGA-selenocysteine recoding process, offering a fascinating playground in the field of translational control. It appeared that the central players are two RNA molecules: the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element within selenoprotein mRNA and the selenocysteine-tRNA([Ser]Sec); and their interacting partners. CRITICAL ISSUES After a couple of decades, despite many advances in the field and the discovery of many essential and regulatory components, the precise mechanism of UGA-selenocysteine recoding remains elusive and more complex than anticipated, with many layers of control. This review offers an update of selenoproteome biosynthesis and regulation in eukaryotes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The regulation of selenoproteins in response to a variety of pathophysiological conditions and cellular stressors, including selenium levels, oxidative stress, replicative senescence, or cancer, awaits further detailed investigation. Clearly, the efficiency of UGA-selenocysteine recoding is the limiting stage of selenoprotein synthesis. The sequence of events leading Sec-tRNA([Ser]Sec) delivery to ribosomal A site awaits further analysis, notably at the level of a three-dimensional structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, IPREM , CNRS/UPPA, UMR5254, Pau, France
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement, IPREM , CNRS/UPPA, UMR5254, Pau, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Berger CM, Gaume X, Bouvet P. The roles of nucleolin subcellular localization in cancer. Biochimie 2015; 113:78-85. [PMID: 25866190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is one of the most abundant non ribosomal protein of the nucleolus where it plays a central role in polymerase I transcription. NCL is also found outside of the nucleolus, in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm as well as on the cell membrane. It acts in all cell compartments to control cellular homeostasis and therefore each cellular pool of NCL can play a different role in cancer development. NCL overexpression and its increased localization at the cell membrane is a common feature of several tumor cells. In cancer cells, NCL overexpression influences cell survival, proliferation and invasion through its action on different cellular pathways. In this review, we describe how the multiple functions of NCL that are associated to its multiple cellular localization can participate to the development of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Madeleine Berger
- Département de Biologie, Master Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | - Xavier Gaume
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS USR 3010, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang D, Liang Y, Xie Q, Gao G, Wei J, Huang H, Li J, Gao J, Huang C. A novel post-translational modification of nucleolin, SUMOylation at Lys-294, mediates arsenite-induced cell death by regulating gadd45α mRNA stability. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4784-4800. [PMID: 25561743 PMCID: PMC4335216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.598219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolin is a ubiquitously expressed protein and participates in many important biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation and ribosomal biogenesis. The activity of nucleolin is regulated by intracellular localization and post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a category of recently verified forms of post-translational modifications and exerts various effects on the target proteins. In the studies reported here, we discovered SUMOylational modification of human nucleolin protein at Lys-294, which facilitated the mRNA binding property of nucleolin by maintaining its nuclear localization. In response to arsenic exposure, nucleolin-SUMO was induced and promoted its binding with gadd45α mRNA, which increased gadd45α mRNA stability and protein expression, subsequently causing GADD45α-mediated cell death. On the other hand, ectopic expression of Mn-SOD attenuated the arsenite-generated superoxide radical level, abrogated nucleolin-SUMO, and in turn inhibited arsenite-induced apoptosis by reducing GADD45α expression. Collectively, our results for the first time demonstrate that nucleolin-SUMO at K294R plays a critical role in its nucleus sequestration and gadd45α mRNA binding activity. This novel biological function of nucleolin is distinct from its conventional role as a proto-oncogene. Therefore, our findings here not only reveal a new modification of nucleolin protein and its novel functional paradigm in mRNA metabolism but also expand our understanding of the dichotomous roles of nucleolin in terms of cancer development, which are dependent on multiple intracellular conditions and consequently the appropriate regulations of its modifications, including SUMOylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuguang Liang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang WH, Childress MO, Geahlen RL. Syk interacts with and phosphorylates nucleolin to stabilize Bcl-x(L) mRNA and promote cell survival. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3788-99. [PMID: 25092868 PMCID: PMC4187708 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00937-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Syk protein tyrosine kinase, a well-characterized regulator of immune cell function, plays an increasingly recognized role in tumorigenesis as a promoter of cell survival in both hematological and nonhematological malignancies. We show here that the expression of Syk in MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells or in DG75 B-lymphoma cells protects cells from apoptosis induced by oxidative or genotoxic stress by stabilizing the mRNA for Bcl-x(L), an antiapoptotic protein. Syk binds robustly to nucleolin and phosphorylates it on tyrosine, enhancing its ability to bind the Bcl-x(L) mRNA. Consequently, reducing the level of nucleolin by RNA interference attenuates the ability of Syk to protect cells from stress-induced cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Horng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael O Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert L Geahlen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hoja-Łukowicz D, Kedracka-Krok S, Duda W, Lityńska A. The lectin-binding pattern of nucleolin and its interaction with endogenous galectin-3. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:461-82. [PMID: 25169435 PMCID: PMC6275868 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike nuclear nucleolin, surface-expressed and cytoplasmic nucleolin exhibit Tn antigen. Here, we show localization-dependent differences in the glycosylation and proteolysis patterns of nucleolin. Our results provide evidence for different paths of nucleolin proteolysis in the nucleus, in the cytoplasm, and on the cell surface. We found that full-length nucleolin and some proteolytic fragments coexist within live cells and are not solely the result of the preparation procedure. Extranuclear nucleolin undergoes N- and O-glycosylation, and unlike cytoplasmic nucleolin, membrane-associated nucleolin is not fucosylated. Here, we show for the first time that nucleolin and endogenous galectin-3 exist in the same complexes in the nucleolus, the cytoplasm, and on the cell surface of melanoma cells. Assessments of the interaction of nucleolin with galectin-3 revealed nucleolar co-localization in interphase, suggesting that galectin-3 may be involved in DNA organization and ribosome biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387, Kraków, Poland,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang B, Liang P, Wang K, Lv C, Sun L, Tong Z, Liu Y, Xiao X. Nucleolin involved in myocardial ischaemic preconditioning via post-transcriptional control of HSPA1A expression. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:56-67. [PMID: 24442868 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have identified the critical roles of nucleolin in a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of viral replication and tumour formation. However, the possible roles of nucleolin in myocardial preconditioning remain undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an in vivo rat myocardial ischaemic preconditioning (IP) model (four cycles of 5 min ischaemia and 10 min reperfusion) and cellular hydrogen peroxide preconditioning (H2O2-PC) models. We found that nucleolin mRNA and protein expression showed a time-dependent increase during the recovery of myocardial ischaemic preconditioning in rats and H2O2-PC in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Nucleolin overexpression enhanced the protective effects of H2O2-PC, whereas nucleolin ablation abrogated the H2O2-PC-mediated protection in cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, nucleolin overexpression increased the stabilization of the HSPA1A mRNA and the expression of HSPA1A protein in cardiomyocytes, whereas nucleolin ablation abrogated the up-regulation of HSPA1A induced by H2O2-PC in cardiomyocytes. An interaction between nucleolin and HSPA1A mRNA was further identified using the RNA-protein interaction studies. Reporter gene assays, which depended on the untranslated regions (UTR) of HSPA1A mRNA, revealed that the post-transcriptional regulation was mainly attributed to the 3' UTR. Finally, HSPA1A anti-sense oligonucleotides (asODNs) attenuated the protective effect of nucleolin in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that nucleolin is up-regulated and involved in myocardial protection of ischaemic preconditioning via a post-transcriptional control of HSPA1A expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The last one and half a decade witnessed an outstanding re-emergence of attention and remarkable progress in the field of protein methylation. In the present article, we describe the early discoveries in research and review the role protein methylation played in the biological function of the antiproliferative gene, BTG2/TIS21/PC3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woon Ki Paik
- Professor Emeritus, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangduk Kim
- Professor Emeritus, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Motifs rich in arginines and glycines were recognized several decades ago to play functional roles and were termed glycine-arginine-rich (GAR) domains and/or RGG boxes. We review here the evolving functions of the RGG box along with several sequence variations that we collectively term the RGG/RG motif. Greater than 1,000 human proteins harbor the RGG/RG motif, and these proteins influence numerous physiological processes such as transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, DNA damage signaling, mRNA translation, and the regulation of apoptosis. In particular, we discuss the role of the RGG/RG motif in mediating nucleic acid and protein interactions, a function that is often regulated by arginine methylation and partner-binding proteins. The physiological relevance of the RGG/RG motif is highlighted by its association with several diseases including neurological and neuromuscular diseases and cancer. Herein, we discuss the evidence for the emerging diverse functionality of this important motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palaniraja Thandapani
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jiang B, Zhang B, Liang P, Chen G, Zhou B, Lv C, Tu Z, Xiao X. Nucleolin protects the heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury by up-regulating heat shock protein 32. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:92-101. [PMID: 23594402 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nucleolin plays important roles in a variety of cellular processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of nucleolin in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the expression pattern of nucleolin in hearts subjected to I-R, or neonatal rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia-re-oxygenation. We found that nucleolin expression was significantly down-regulated and the cleaved protein was present, both in vivo and in vitro. Gene transfection and RNA interference approaches were employed in cardiomyocytes to investigate the function of nucleolin. Over-expression of nucleolin was cytoprotective, whereas nucleolin ablation enhanced both hypoxia- and H₂O₂-induced cardiomyocyte death. Furthermore, transgenic mice with cardiac-specific over-expression of nucleolin were resistant to I-R injury as indicated by decreased cellular necrosis and decreased infarct size. The cardio-protective roles of nucleolin in cardiomyocytes, are attributable to the interaction of nucleolin with the mRNA of heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32), resulting in an increase of Hsp32 mRNA stability, and subsequent up-regulation of Hsp32 expression. The selective Hsp32 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX, abrograted the cardiac protection mediated by nucleolin. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that nucleolin is involved in the regulation of I-R-induced cardiac injury and dysfunction via the regulation of Hsp32, and may be a novel therapeutic target for ischaemic heart diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Binding Sites
- Cell Death
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cells, Cultured
- Computational Biology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Genes, Reporter
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Oxidants/toxicity
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA Stability
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Wistar
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Up-Regulation
- Nucleolin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Woo HH, Baker T, Laszlo C, Chambers SK. Nucleolin mediates microRNA-directed CSF-1 mRNA deadenylation but increases translation of CSF-1 mRNA. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1661-77. [PMID: 23471483 PMCID: PMC3675821 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.025288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CSF-1 mRNA 3'UTR contains multiple unique motifs, including a common microRNA (miRNA) target in close proximity to a noncanonical G-quadruplex and AU-rich elements (AREs). Using a luciferase reporter system fused to CSF-1 mRNA 3'UTR, disruption of the miRNA target region, G-quadruplex, and AREs together dramatically increased reporter RNA levels, suggesting important roles for these cis-acting regulatory elements in the down-regulation of CSF-1 mRNA. We find that nucleolin, which binds both G-quadruplex and AREs, enhances deadenylation of CSF-1 mRNA, promoting CSF-1 mRNA decay, while having the capacity to increase translation of CSF-1 mRNA. Through interaction with the CSF-1 3'UTR miRNA common target, we find that miR-130a and miR-301a inhibit CSF-1 expression by enhancing mRNA decay. Silencing of nucleolin prevents the miRNA-directed mRNA decay, indicating a requirement for nucleolin in miRNA activity on CSF-1 mRNA. Downstream effects followed by miR-130a and miR-301a inhibition of directed cellular motility of ovarian cancer cells were found to be dependent on nucleolin. The paradoxical effects of nucleolin on miRNA-directed CSF-1 mRNA deadenylation and on translational activation were explored further. The nucleolin protein contains four acidic stretches, four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), and nine RGG repeats. All three domains in nucleolin regulate CSF-1 mRNA and protein levels. RRMs increase CSF-1 mRNA, whereas the acidic and RGG domains decrease CSF-1 protein levels. This suggests that nucleolin has the capacity to differentially regulate both CSF-1 RNA and protein levels. Our finding that nucleolin interacts with Ago2 indirectly via RNA and with poly(A)-binding protein C (PABPC) directly suggests a nucleolin-Ago2-PABPC complex formation on mRNA. This complex is in keeping with our suggestion that nucleolin may work with PABPC as a double-edged sword on both mRNA deadenylation and translational activation. Our findings underscore the complexity of nucleolin's actions on CSF-1 mRNA and describe the dependence of miR-130a- and miR-301a-directed CSF-1 mRNA decay and inhibition of ovarian cancer cell motility on nucleolin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Hyung Woo
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shao J, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Lou X, Huang B, Foltz G, Lan Q, Huang Q, Lin B. Alternative polyadenylation in glioblastoma multiforme and changes in predicted RNA binding protein profiles. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 17:136-49. [PMID: 23421905 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is widely present in the human genome and plays a key role in carcinogenesis. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the APA products in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, one of the most lethal brain tumors) and normal brain tissues and further developed a computational pipeline, RNAelements (http://sysbio.zju.edu.cn/RNAelements/), using covariance model from known RNA binding protein (RBP) targets acquired by RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis. We identified 4530 APA isoforms for 2733 genes in GBM, and found that 182 APA isoforms from 148 genes showed significant differential expression between normal and GBM brain tissues. We then focused on three genes with long and short APA isoforms that show inconsistent expression changes between normal and GBM brain tissues. These were myocyte enhancer factor 2D, heat shock factor binding protein 1, and polyhomeotic homolog 1 (Drosophila). Using the RNAelements program, we found that RBP binding sites were enriched in the alternative regions between the first and the last polyadenylation sites, which would result in the short APA forms escaping regulation from those RNA binding proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first comprehensive APA isoform dataset for GBM and normal brain tissues. Additionally, we demonstrated a putative novel APA-mediated mechanism for controlling RNA stability and translation for APA isoforms. These observations collectively lay a foundation for novel diagnostics and molecular mechanisms that can inform future therapeutic interventions for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaofang Shao
- Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Barrett LW, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression by the untranslated gene regions and other non-coding elements. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3613-34. [PMID: 22538991 PMCID: PMC3474909 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that the complexity of higher organisms correlates with the relative amount of non-coding RNA rather than the number of protein-coding genes. Previously dismissed as "junk DNA", it is the non-coding regions of the genome that are responsible for regulation, facilitating complex temporal and spatial gene expression through the combinatorial effect of numerous mechanisms and interactions working together to fine-tune gene expression. The major regions involved in regulation of a particular gene are the 5' and 3' untranslated regions and introns. In addition, pervasive transcription of complex genomes produces a variety of non-coding transcripts that interact with these regions and contribute to regulation. This review discusses recent insights into the regulatory roles of the untranslated gene regions and non-coding RNAs in the control of complex gene expression, as well as the implications of this in terms of organism complexity and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy W Barrett
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (CNND), The University of Western Australia (M518), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang D, Li J, Zhang M, Gao G, Zuo Z, Yu Y, Zhu L, Gao J, Huang C. The requirement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 in regulation of hypoxia-inducing factor-1α mRNA stability. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34361-71. [PMID: 22910906 PMCID: PMC3464542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.365882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mRNA of hif-1α is considered as being constitutively and ubiquitously expressed, regardless of the level of oxygen tension. However many recent reports have showed that hif-1α mRNA could be regulated by natural antisense transcripts, potential microRNAs, and low O(2). In this study, it was found that a deficiency of JNK2 expression reduced HIF-1α protein induction in response to nickel treatment resulting from the impaired expression of hif-1α mRNA. Both the promoter luciferase assay and mRNA degradation assay clearly showed that depletion of JNK2 affected stability of hif-1α mRNA, rather than regulated its transcription. In addition, nucleolin, a classic histone chaperone, was demonstrated to physically bind to hif-1α mRNA and maintain its stability. Further investigation indicated that JNK2 regulated nucleolin expression and might in turn stabilize hif-1α mRNA. Collectively, we provided one more piece of evidence for the oncogenic role of JNK2 and nucleolin in regulating the cancer microenvironments by controlling HIF-1α expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Jingxia Li
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Min Zhang
- the Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Yonghui Yu
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Linda Zhu
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| | - Jimin Gao
- the Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987 and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shang Y, Kakinuma S, Nishimura M, Kobayashi Y, Nagata K, Shimada Y. Interleukin-9 receptor gene is transcriptionally regulated by nucleolin in T-cell lymphoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2012; 51:619-27. [PMID: 21809393 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine that not only has roles in immune and inflammatory responses but also is involved in growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic activities in multiple transformed cell lines, which suggests a potential role in tumorigenesis. Over-expression of the receptor of IL-9 (IL-9R) occurs in several types of human leukemias and in radiation-induced mouse T-cell lymphoma (TL). The molecular mechanism that regulates transcription of the IL-9R gene (Il9r) during leukemogenesis is, however, not well understood. Using a mouse TL cell line that has high expression of Il9r, we sought to dissect its promoter structure. Here we show that the active promoter for Il9r is located in the 5'-flanking AT-rich region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed the opening of chromatin structure of the promoter region coupled with nucleolin binding in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased localization of nucleolin in the nuclei of TL cells. These data indicate that increased expression of Il9r is associated with an increased binding of nucleolin, coupled with chromatin opening, to an AT-rich region in the 5'-flanking region of Il9r in TL cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 5' Flanking Region/genetics
- AT Rich Sequence/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-9/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Nucleolin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shang
- Experimental Radiobiology for Children's Health Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen J, Guo K, Kastan MB. Interactions of nucleolin and ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) in translational control of human p53 mRNA. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16467-76. [PMID: 22433872 PMCID: PMC3351294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein RPL26 enhances p53 translation after DNA damage, and this regulation depends upon interactions between the 5'- and 3'-UTRs of human p53 mRNA (Takagi, M., Absalon, M. J., McLure, K. G., and Kastan, M. B. (2005) Cell 123, 49-63; Chen, J., and Kastan, M. B. (2010) Genes Dev. 24, 2146-2156). In contrast, nucleolin (NCL) suppresses the translation of p53 mRNA and its induction after DNA damage. We confirmed reports that RPL26 and NCL interact with each other and then explored the potential role of this interaction in the translational control of p53 after stress. NCL repression of p53 translation utilizes both the 5'- and 3'-UTRs of p53 mRNA, and NCL binds to the same 5'-3'-UTR interaction region that is critical for the recruitment of RPL26 to p53 mRNA after DNA damage. We also found that NCL is able to oligomerize, consistent with a model in which NCL stabilizes this double-stranded RNA structure. We found that the RNA-binding domain of NCL participates in binding to p53 mRNA, is required for both NCL dimerization and NCL-mediated translational repression, and is the domain of NCL that interacts with RPL26. Excessive RPL26 disrupts NCL dimerization, and point mutations in the NCL-interacting region of RPL26 reduce NCL-RPL26 interactions and attenuate both RPL26 binding to human p53 mRNA and p53 induction by RPL26. These observations suggest a model in which the base pairings in the p53 UTR interaction regions are critical for both translational repression and stress induction of p53 by NCL and RPL26, respectively, and that disruption of a NCL-NCL homodimer by RPL26 may be the switch between translational repression and activation after stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- From the Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Kexiao Guo
- From the Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Michael B. Kastan
- From the Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Raychaudhuri S. MicroRNAs overexpressed in growth-restricted rat skeletal muscles regulate the glucose transport in cell culture targeting central TGF-β factor SMAD4. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34596. [PMID: 22506032 PMCID: PMC3323545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The micro-array profiling of micro-RNA has been performed in rat skeletal muscle tissues, isolated from male adult offspring of intrauterine plus postnatal growth restricted model (IPGR). Apparently, the GLUT4 mRNA expression in male sk. muscle was found to be unaltered in contrast to females. The over-expression of miR-29a and miR-23a in the experimental group of SMSP (Starved Mother Starved Pups) have been found to regulate the glucose transport activity with respect to their control counterparts CMCP (Control Mother Control Pups) as confirmed in rat L6 myoblast-myocyte cell culture system. The ex-vivo experimentation demonstrates an aberration in insulin signaling pathway in male sk. muscle that leads to the localization of the membrane-bound Glut4 protein. We have identified through a series of experiments one important protein factor SMAD4, a co-SMAD critical to the TGF-beta signaling pathway. This factor is targeted by miR-29a, as identified in an in vitro reporter-assay system in cell-culture experiment. The other micro-RNA, miR-23a, targets SMAD4 indirectly that seems to be critical in regulating insulin-dependent glucose transport activity. MicroRNA mimics, inhibitors and siRNA studies indicate the role of SMAD4 as inhibitory for glucose transport activities in normal physiological condition. The data demonstrate for the first time a critical function of microRNAs in fine-tuning the regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Chronic starved conditions (IPGR) in sk. muscle up-regulates microRNA changing the target protein expression patterns, such as SMAD4, to alter the glucose transport pathways for the survival. The innovative outcome of this paper identifies a critical pathway (TGF-beta) that may act negatively for the mammalian glucose transport machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang SA, Li HY, Hsu TI, Chen SH, Wu CJ, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Heat shock protein 90 stabilizes nucleolin to increase mRNA stability in mitosis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43816-43829. [PMID: 21998300 PMCID: PMC3243509 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have focused on the involvement of Hsp90 in the interphase, whereas the role of this protein in the nucleus during mitosis remains largely unclear. In this study, we found that the level of the acetylated form of Hsp90 decreased dramatically during mitosis, which indicates more chaperone activity during mitosis. We thus probed proteins that interacted with Hsp90 by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and found that nucleolin was one of those interacting proteins during mitosis. The nucleolin level decreased upon geldanamycin treatment, and Hsp90 maintained the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity to phosphorylate nucleolin at Thr-641/707. Mutation of Thr-641/707 resulted in the destabilization of nucleolin in mitosis. We globally screened the level of mitotic mRNAs and found that 229 mRNAs decreased during mitosis in the presence of geldanamycin. Furthermore, a bioinformatics tool and an RNA immunoprecipitation assay found that 16 mRNAs, including cadherin and Bcl-xl, were stabilized through the recruitment of nucleolin to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of those genes. Overall, strong correlations exist between the up-regulation of Hsp90, nucleolin, and the mRNAs related to tumorigenesis of the lung. Our findings thus indicate that nucleolin stabilized by Hsp90 contributes to the lung tumorigenesis by increasing the level of many tumor-related mRNAs during mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-An Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yi Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center for Infection Disease and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center for Infection Disease and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao J, Yu H, Lin L, Tu J, Cai L, Chen Y, Zhong F, Lin C, He F, Yang P. Interactome study suggests multiple cellular functions of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF). J Proteomics 2011; 75:588-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
44
|
Abdelmohsen K, Tominaga K, Lee EK, Srikantan S, Kang MJ, Kim MM, Selimyan R, Martindale JL, Yang X, Carrier F, Zhan M, Becker KG, Gorospe M. Enhanced translation by Nucleolin via G-rich elements in coding and non-coding regions of target mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:8513-30. [PMID: 21737422 PMCID: PMC3201861 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression at many post-transcriptional levels, including mRNA stability and translation. The RBP nucleolin, with four RNA-recognition motifs, has been implicated in cell proliferation, carcinogenesis and viral infection. However, the subset of nucleolin target mRNAs and the influence of nucleolin on their expression had not been studied at a transcriptome-wide level. Here, we globally identified nucleolin target transcripts, many of which encoded cell growth- and cancer-related proteins, and used them to find a signature motif on nucleolin target mRNAs. Surprisingly, this motif was very rich in G residues and was not only found in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), but also in the coding region (CR) and 5'-UTR. Nucleolin enhanced the translation of mRNAs bearing the G-rich motif, since silencing nucleolin did not change target mRNA stability, but decreased the size of polysomes forming on target transcripts and lowered the abundance of the encoded proteins. In summary, nucleolin binds G-rich sequences in the CR and UTRs of target mRNAs, many of which encode cancer proteins, and enhances their translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging - Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang J, Bowden GT. Activation of p38 MAP kinase and JNK pathways by UVA irradiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 11:54-61. [PMID: 21858326 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are more than two million new cases of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) diagnosed each year in the United States of America. The clear etiological factor is chronic exposure to solar radiation from the sun. The wavelengths of solar light that reach the earth's surface include UVB (280-320 nm), which accounts for 1-10%, and UVA (320-400 nm), which accounts for 90-99% of the radiation. While most published research has focused on the effects of UVB, little is known concerning UVA-mediated signal transduction pathways, and their role in skin tumor promotion and progression, giving rise to squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Here, we focus on UVA-mediated activation of p38 MAP kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and their roles in activator protein-1 (AP-1) mediated transcription, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Bcl-XL expression. Since p38 MAP kinase and JNK play major roles in the expression of UVA-induced AP-1, COX-2 and Bcl-XL, pharmacological inhibitors of these kinases may be useful in the chemoprevention of SCC skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Zhang
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee YH, Marquez AP, Mungunsukh O, Day RM. Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits apoptosis by the profibrotic factor angiotensin II via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in endothelial cells and tissue explants. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:4240-50. [PMID: 20926686 PMCID: PMC2993751 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-04-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an endogenous tissue repair factor, attenuates apoptosis in many primary cell types, but the mechanism is not completely understood. Our laboratory demonstrated that angiotensin (Ang) II activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in primary endothelial cells (ECs) via reduction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x(L). Ang II decreased Bcl-x(L) mRNA half-life by reducing its binding to nucleolin, a protein that normally binds a 3' AU-rich region and stabilizes Bcl-x(L) mRNA. We hypothesized HGF may block apoptosis induced by Ang II. We used primary EC and ex vivo cultures of rat lung tissue to investigate HGF inhibition of Ang II-induced apoptosis. Our data indicated HGF abrogated Ang II-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation. RNA-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that HGF stabilized Bcl-x(L) mRNA by increasing nucleolin binding to the 3'-untranslated region that was associated with cytoplasmic localization of nucleolin. Cytoplasmic localization of nucleolin and Bcl-x(L) mRNA stabilization required HGF activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. HGF also blocked Ang II-induced caspase-3 activation and lactate dehydrogenase release in tissue explants in an ERK-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Ana P. Marquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Ognoon Mungunsukh
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
von Roretz C, Di Marco S, Mazroui R, Gallouzi IE. Turnover of AU-rich-containing mRNAs during stress: a matter of survival. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2010; 2:336-47. [PMID: 21957021 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells undergo various adaptive measures in response to stress. Among these are specific changes in the posttranscriptional regulation of various genes. In particular, the turnover of mRNA is modified to either increase or decrease the abundance of certain target messages. Some of the best-studied mRNAs that are affected by stress are those that contain adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated regions. ARE-containing mRNAs are involved in many important cellular processes and are normally labile, but in response to stress they are differentially regulated through the concerted efforts of ARE-binding proteins (AUBPs) such as HuR, AUF1, tristetraprolin, BRF1, and KSRP, along with microRNA-mediated effects. Additionally, the fate of ARE-containing mRNAs is modified by inducing their localization to stress granules or mRNA processing bodies. Coordination of these various mechanisms controls the turnover of ARE-containing mRNAs, and thereby enables proper responses to cellular stress. In this review, we discuss how AUBPs regulate their target mRNAs in response to stress, along with the involvement of cytoplasmic granules in this process.
Collapse
|
48
|
Olanich ME, Moss BL, Piwnica-Worms D, Townsend RR, Weber JD. Identification of FUSE-binding protein 1 as a regulatory mRNA-binding protein that represses nucleophosmin translation. Oncogene 2010; 30:77-86. [PMID: 20802533 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM/B23) is a multifunctional oncoprotein whose protein expression levels dictate cellular growth and proliferation rates. NPM is translationally responsive to hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, but the mechanism of this regulation is not understood. Using chimeric translational reporters, we found that the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the NPM messenger (m)RNA is sufficient to mediate its translational modulation by mTOR signalling. We show that far upstream element (FUSE)-binding protein 1 (FBP1) interacts specifically with the 3' UTR of NPM to repress translation. Overexpression of FBP1 resulted in translational repression of NPM mRNAs, whereas depletion of FBP1 caused a dramatic increase in NPM translation and resulted in enhanced overall cell proliferation. Thus, we propose that FBP1 is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation through its ability to selectively bind the NPM 3' UTR and repress NPM translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Olanich
- BRIGHT Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ishimaru D, Zuraw L, Ramalingam S, Sengupta TK, Bandyopadhyay S, Reuben A, Fernandes DJ, Spicer EK. Mechanism of regulation of bcl-2 mRNA by nucleolin and A+U-rich element-binding factor 1 (AUF1). J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27182-27191. [PMID: 20571027 PMCID: PMC2930717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.098830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, particularly leukemias. In some cell types this is the result of enhanced stability of bcl-2 mRNA, which is controlled by elements in its 3'-untranslated region. Nucleolin is one of the proteins that binds to bcl-2 mRNA, thereby increasing its half-life. Here, we examined the site on the bcl-2 3'-untranslated region that is bound by nucleolin as well as the protein binding domains important for bcl-2 mRNA recognition. RNase footprinting and RNA fragment binding assays demonstrated that nucleolin binds to a 40-nucleotide region at the 5' end of the 136-nucleotide bcl-2 AU-rich element (ARE(bcl-2)). The first two RNA binding domains of nucleolin were sufficient for high affinity binding to ARE(bcl-2). In RNA decay assays, ARE(bcl-2) transcripts were protected from exosomal decay by the addition of nucleolin. AUF1 has been shown to recruit the exosome to mRNAs. When MV-4-11 cell extracts were immunodepleted of AUF1, the rate of decay of ARE(bcl-2) transcripts was reduced, indicating that nucleolin and AUF1 have opposing roles in bcl-2 mRNA turnover. When the function of nucleolin in MV-4-11 cells was impaired by treatment with the nucleolin-targeting aptamer AS1411, association of AUF1 with bcl-2 mRNA was increased. This suggests that the degradation of bcl-2 mRNA induced by AS1411 results from both interference with nucleolin protection of bcl-2 mRNA and recruitment of the exosome by AUF1. Based on our findings, we propose a model that illustrates the opposing roles of nucleolin and AUF1 in regulating bcl-2 mRNA stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Ishimaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Lisa Zuraw
- Department of Chemistry, The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina 29409
| | - Sivakumar Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Tapas K Sengupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Sumita Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Adrian Reuben
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Daniel J Fernandes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Eleanor K Spicer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Miniard AC, Middleton LM, Budiman ME, Gerber CA, Driscoll DM. Nucleolin binds to a subset of selenoprotein mRNAs and regulates their expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:4807-20. [PMID: 20385601 PMCID: PMC2919729 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium, an essential trace element, is incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid. In order to synthesize selenoproteins, a translational reprogramming event must occur since Sec is encoded by the UGA stop codon. In mammals, the recoding of UGA as Sec depends on the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element, a stem-loop structure in the 3' untranslated region of the transcript. The SECIS acts as a platform for RNA-binding proteins, which mediate or regulate the recoding mechanism. Using UV crosslinking, we identified a 110 kDa protein, which binds with high affinity to SECIS elements from a subset of selenoprotein mRNAs. The crosslinking activity was purified by RNA affinity chromatography and identified as nucleolin by mass spectrometry analysis. In vitro binding assays showed that purified nucleolin discriminates among SECIS elements in the absence of other factors. Based on siRNA experiments, nucleolin is required for the optimal expression of certain selenoproteins. There was a good correlation between the affinity of nucleolin for a SECIS and its effect on selenoprotein expression. As selenoprotein transcript levels and localization did not change in siRNA-treated cells, our results suggest that nucleolin selectively enhances the expression of a subset of selenoproteins at the translational level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. Miniard
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, Agricultural Technical Institute, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lisa M. Middleton
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, Agricultural Technical Institute, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael E. Budiman
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, Agricultural Technical Institute, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Carri A. Gerber
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, Agricultural Technical Institute, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Donna M. Driscoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, Agricultural Technical Institute, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|