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Pliakopanou A, Antonopoulos I, Darzenta N, Serifi I, Simos YV, Katsenos AP, Bellos S, Alexiou GA, Kyritsis AP, Leonardos I, Vezyraki P, Peschos D, Tsamis KI. Glioblastoma research on zebrafish xenograft models: a systematic review. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:311-325. [PMID: 37400666 PMCID: PMC10810942 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) constitutes the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The challenges in GBM therapeutics have shed light on zebrafish used as a promising animal model for preclinical GBM xenograft studies without a standardized methodology. This systematic review aims to summarize the advances in zebrafish GBM xenografting, compare research protocols to pinpoint advantages and underlying limitations, and designate the predominant xenografting parameters. Based on the PRISMA checklist, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and ZFIN using the keywords "glioblastoma," "xenotransplantation," and "zebrafish" for papers published from 2005 to 2022, available in English. 46 articles meeting the review criteria were examined for the zebrafish strain, cancer cell line, cell labeling technique, injected cell number, time and site of injection, and maintenance temperature. Our review designated that AB wild-type zebrafish, Casper transparent mutants, transgenic Tg(fli1:EGFP), or crossbreeding of these predominate among the zebrafish strains. Orthotopic transplantation is more commonly employed. A number of 50-100 cells injected at 48 h post-fertilization in high density and low infusion volume is considered as an effective xenografting approach. U87 cells are used for GBM angiogenesis studies, U251 for GBM proliferation studies, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) to achieve clinical relevance. Gradual acclimatization to 32-33 °C can partly address the temperature differential between the zebrafish and the GBM cells. Zebrafish xenograft models constitute valuable tools for preclinical studies with clinical relevance regarding PDX. The GBM xenografting research requires modification based on the objective of each research team. Automation and further optimization of the protocol parameters could scale up the anticancer drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pliakopanou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ilias Antonopoulos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolia Darzenta
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Iliana Serifi
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis Vasilios Simos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas Panagiotis Katsenos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefanos Bellos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Leonardos
- Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Application and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ioannis Tsamis
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Cruz FF, Pereira TCB, da Costa KM, Bonan CD, Bogo MR, Morrone FB. Effect of adenosine treatment on ionizing radiation toxicity in zebrafish early life stages. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:521-534. [PMID: 37480487 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The danger of ionizing radiation exposure to human health is a concern. Since its wide use in medicine and industry, the development of radioprotectors has been very significant. Adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory actions and promotes tissue protection and repair, by activating the P1 receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an appropriate tool in the fields of toxicology and pharmacology, including the evaluation of radiobiological outcomes and in the search for radioprotector agents. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adenosine in the toxicity induced by radiation in zebrafish. Embryos were treated with 1, 10, or 100 µM adenosine, 30 min before the exposure to 15 Gy of gamma radiation. Adenosine potentiated the effects of radiation in heart rate, body length, and pericardial edema. We evaluated oxidative stress, tissue remodeling and inflammatory. It was seen that 100 µM adenosine reversed the inflammation induced by radiation, and that A2A2 and A2B receptors are involved in these anti-inflammatory effects. Our results indicate that P1R activation could be a promising pharmacological strategy for radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fernandes Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Talita Carneiro Brandão Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kesiane Mayra da Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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3
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zhu Z, Zeng X, Liang W, Sun S, Chen X, Wang H. Radiated glioblastoma cell-derived exosomal circ_0012381 induce M2 polarization of microglia to promote the growth of glioblastoma by CCL2/CCR2 axis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:388. [PMID: 36058942 PMCID: PMC9441045 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is the primary therapeutic option for glioblastoma. Some studies proved that radiotherapy increased the release of exosomes from cells. The mechanism by which these exosomes modify the phenotype of microglia in the tumor microenvironment to further determine the fate of irradiated glioblastoma cells remains to be elucidated. Methods We erected the co-culture system of glioblastoma cells and microglia. After radiation, we analyzing the immunophenotype of microglia and the proliferation of radiated glioblastoma cells. By whole transcriptome sequencing, we analyzed of circRNAs in exosomes from glioblastoma cells and microglia. We used some methods, which included RT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter, et al., to identify how circ_0012381 from radiated glioblastoma cell-derived exosomes regulated the immunophenotype of microglia to further affect the proliferation of radiated glioblastoma cells. Results Radiated glioblastoma cell-derived exosomes markedly induced M2 microglia polarization. These M2-polarized microglia promoted the proliferation of irradiated glioblastoma cells. Circ_0012381 expression was increased in the irradiated glioblastoma cells, and circ_0012381 entered the microglia via exosomes. Circ_0012381 induced M2 microglia polarization by sponging with miR-340-5p to increase ARG1 expression. M2-polarized microglia suppressed phagocytosis and promoted the growth of the irradiated glioblastoma cells by CCL2/CCR2 axis. Compared with the effects of radiotherapy alone, the inhibition of exosomes significantly inhibited the growth of irradiated glioblastoma cells in a zebrafish model. Conclusions Our data suggested that the inhibition of exosome secretion might represent a potential therapeutic strategy to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03607-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ze Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xianliang Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Weizi Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Songwei Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Neuro-Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Larsson S, Kettunen P, Carén H. Orthotopic Transplantation of Human Paediatric High-Grade Glioma in Zebrafish Larvae. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050625. [PMID: 35625011 PMCID: PMC9139401 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumours are the most common cause of death among children with solid tumours, and high-grade gliomas (HGG) are among the most devastating forms with very poor outcomes. In the search for more effective treatments for paediatric HGG, there is a need for better experimental models. To date, there are no xenograft zebrafish models developed for human paediatric HGG; existing models rely on adult cells. The use of paediatric models is of great importance since it is well known that the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms behind adult and paediatric disease differ greatly. In this study, we present a clinically relevant in vivo model based on paediatric primary glioma stem cell (GSC) cultures, which after orthotopic injection into the zebrafish larvae, can be monitored using confocal imaging over time. We show that cells invade the brain tissue and can be followed up to 8 days post-injection while they establish in the fore/mid brain. This model offers an in vivo system where tumour invasion can be monitored and drug treatments quickly be evaluated. The possibility to monitor patient-specific cells has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of cellular behaviour and personalised treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Larsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Neuropathology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Helena Carén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-31-786-3838
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Sarmiento BE, Callegari S, Ghotme KA, Akle V. Patient-Derived Xenotransplant of CNS Neoplasms in Zebrafish: A Systematic Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071204. [PMID: 35406768 PMCID: PMC8998145 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma and neuroblastoma are the most common central nervous system malignant tumors in adult and pediatric populations. Both are associated with poor survival. These tumors are highly heterogeneous, having complex interactions among different cells within the tumor and with the tumor microenvironment. One of the main challenges in the neuro-oncology field is achieving optimal conditions to evaluate a tumor’s molecular genotype and phenotype. In this respect, the zebrafish biological model is becoming an excellent alternative for studying carcinogenic processes and discovering new treatments. This review aimed to describe the results of xenotransplantation of patient-derived CNS tumors in zebrafish models. The reviewed studies show that it is possible to maintain glioblastoma and neuroblastoma primary cell cultures and transplant the cells into zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish is a suitable biological model for understanding tumor progression and the effects of different treatments. This model offers new perspectives in providing personalized care and improving outcomes for patients living with central nervous system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 11711, Colombia; (B.E.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Santiago Callegari
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 11711, Colombia; (B.E.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Kemel A. Ghotme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá 111071, Colombia;
- Translational Neuroscience Research Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia
| | - Veronica Akle
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 11711, Colombia; (B.E.S.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Ebrahimi Zade A, Shahabi Haghighi S, Soltani M. Deep Neural Networks for Neuro-oncology: Towards Patient Individualized Design of Chemo-Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma Patients. J Biomed Inform 2022; 127:104006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Luo J, Junaid M, Hamid N, Duan JJ, Yang X, Pei DS. Current understanding of gliomagenesis: from model to mechanism. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:2071-2079. [PMID: 36483593 PMCID: PMC9724244 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.77287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, a kind of central nervous system (CNS) tumor, is hard to cure and accounts for 32% of all CNS tumors. Establishing a stable glioma model is critically important to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Various core signaling pathways have been identified in gliomagenesis, such as RTK/RAS/PI3K, TP53, and RB1. Traditional methods of establishing glioma animal models have included chemical induction, xenotransplantation, and genetic modifications (RCAS/t-va system, Cre-loxP, and TALENs). Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as an efficient gene editing tool with high germline transmission and has extended the scope of stable and efficient glioma models that can be generated. Therefore, this review will highlight the documented evidence about the molecular characteristics, critical genetic markers, and signaling pathways responsible for gliomagenesis and progression. Moreover, methods of establishing glioma models using gene editing techniques and therapeutic aspects will be discussed. Finally, the prospect of applying gene editing in glioma by using CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and future research directions to establish a stable glioma model are also included in this review. In-depth knowledge of glioma signaling pathways and use of CRISPR/Cas9 can greatly assist in the development of a stable, efficient, and spontaneous glioma model, which can ultimately improve the effectiveness of therapeutic responses and cure glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Luo
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Jing Duan
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: De-Sheng Pei, E-mail: ; Xiaojun Yang, E-mail:
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: De-Sheng Pei, E-mail: ; Xiaojun Yang, E-mail:
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Molina B, Chavez J, Grainger S. Zebrafish models of acute leukemias: Current models and future directions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2021; 10:e400. [PMID: 33340278 PMCID: PMC8213871 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemias (ALL) are heterogenous diseases encompassing a wide array of genetic mutations with both loss and gain of function phenotypes. Ultimately, these both result in the clonal overgrowth of blast cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues. As a consequence of this, normal hematopoietic stem cell function is severely hampered. Technologies allowing for the early detection of genetic alterations and understanding of these varied molecular pathologies have helped to advance our treatment regimens toward personalized targeted therapies. In spite of this, both AML and ALL continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in part because molecular therapies for the plethora of genetic abnormalities have not been developed. This underscores the current need for better model systems for therapy development. This article reviews the current zebrafish models of AML and ALL and discusses how novel gene editing tools can be implemented to generate better models of acute leukemias. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease Technologies > Perturbing Genes and Generating Modified Animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Molina
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Chavez
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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9
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Pucci G, Forte GI, Cavalieri V. Evaluation of Epigenetic and Radiomodifying Effects during Radiotherapy Treatments in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169053. [PMID: 34445758 PMCID: PMC8396651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is still a long way from personalizing cancer treatment plans, and its effectiveness depends on the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Indeed, therapies that are efficient and successful for some patients may be relatively ineffective for others. Based on this, radiobiological research is focusing on the ability of some reagents to make cancer cells more responsive to ionizing radiation, as well as to protect the surrounding healthy tissues from possible side effects. In this scenario, zebrafish emerged as an effective model system to test for radiation modifiers that can potentially be used for radiotherapeutic purposes in humans. The adoption of this experimental organism is fully justified and supported by the high similarity between fish and humans in both their genome sequences and the effects provoked in them by ionizing radiation. This review aims to provide the literature state of the art of zebrafish in vivo model for radiobiological studies, particularly focusing on the epigenetic and radiomodifying effects produced during fish embryos’ and larvae’s exposure to radiotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pucci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giusi Irma Forte
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Zebrafish Laboratory, Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.F.); (V.C.)
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Luo J, Liu P, Lu C, Bian W, Su D, Zhu C, Xie S, Pan Y, Li N, Cui W, Pei DS, Yang X. Stepwise crosstalk between aberrant Nf1, Tp53 and Rb signalling pathways induces gliomagenesis in zebrafish. Brain 2021; 144:615-635. [PMID: 33279959 PMCID: PMC7940501 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of glioblastoma indicates that RTK/Ras/PI3K, RB and TP53 pathways are critical for human gliomagenesis. Here, several transgenic zebrafish lines with single or multiple deletions of nf1, tp53 and rb1 in astrocytes, were established to genetically induce gliomagenesis in zebrafish. In the mutant with a single deletion, we found only the nf1 mutation low-efficiently induced tumour incidence, suggesting that the Nf1 pathway is critical for the initiation of gliomagenesis in zebrafish. Combination of mutations, nf1;tp53 and rb1;tp53 combined knockout fish, showed much higher tumour incidences, high-grade histology, increased invasiveness, and shortened survival time. Further bioinformatics analyses demonstrated the alterations in RTK/Ras/PI3K, cell cycle, and focal adhesion pathways, induced by abrogated nf1, tp53, or rb1, were probably the critical stepwise biological events for the initiation and development of gliomagenesis in zebrafish. Gene expression profiling and histological analyses showed the tumours derived from zebrafish have significant similarities to the subgroups of human gliomas. Furthermore, temozolomide treatment effectively suppressed gliomagenesis in these glioma zebrafish models, and the histological responses in temozolomide-treated zebrafish were similar to those observed in clinically treated glioma patients. Thus, our findings will offer a potential tool for genetically investigating gliomagenesis and screening potential targeted anti-tumour compounds for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Luo
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chunjiao Lu
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wanping Bian
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Dongsheng Su
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ningning Li
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: De-Sheng Pei, PhD Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence to: Xiaojun Yang, PhD Neuroscience Center, Shantou University Medical College Shantou 515041, China E-mail:
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Rösch TF, Szabó Z, Haffa D, Bin J, Brunner S, Englbrecht FS, Friedl AA, Gao Y, Hartmann J, Hilz P, Kreuzer C, Lindner FH, Ostermayr TM, Polanek R, Speicher M, Szabó ER, Taray D, Tőkés T, Würl M, Parodi K, Hideghéty K, Schreiber J. A feasibility study of zebrafish embryo irradiation with laser-accelerated protons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:063303. [PMID: 32611048 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development from single shot basic laser plasma interaction research toward experiments in which repetition rated laser-driven ion sources can be applied requires technological improvements. For example, in the case of radio-biological experiments, irradiation duration and reproducible controlled conditions are important for performing studies with a large number of samples. We present important technological advancements of recent years at the ATLAS 300 laser in Garching near Munich since our last radiation biology experiment. Improvements range from target positioning over proton transport and diagnostics to specimen handling. Exemplarily, we show the current capabilities by performing an application oriented experiment employing the zebrafish embryo model as a living vertebrate organism for laser-driven proton irradiation. The size, intensity, and energy of the laser-driven proton bunches resulted in evaluable partial body changes in the small (<1 mm) embryos, confirming the feasibility of the experimental system. The outcomes of this first study show both the appropriateness of the current capabilities and the required improvements of our laser-driven proton source for in vivo biological experiments, in particular the need for accurate, spatially resolved single bunch dosimetry and image guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Rösch
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Daniel Haffa
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jianhui Bin
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Szilvia Brunner
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Franz S Englbrecht
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Peter Hilz
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christian Kreuzer
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Florian H Lindner
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tobias M Ostermayr
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Róbert Polanek
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Martin Speicher
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Emília R Szabó
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Derya Taray
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tünde Tőkés
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Matthias Würl
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Jörg Schreiber
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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12
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Xiao J, Glasgow E, Agarwal S. Zebrafish Xenografts for Drug Discovery and Personalized Medicine. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:569-579. [PMID: 32312681 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Given that cancer is a highly individualized disease, predicting the best chemotherapeutic treatment for individual patients can be difficult. Ex vivo models such as mouse patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids are being developed to predict patient-specific chemosensitivity profiles before treatment in the clinic. Although promising, these models have significant disadvantages including long growth times that introduce genetic and epigenetic changes to the tumor. The zebrafish xenograft assay is ideal for personalized medicine. Imaging of the small, transparent fry is unparalleled among vertebrate organisms. In addition, the speed (5-7 days) and small patient tissue requirements (100-200 cells per animal) are unique features of the zebrafish xenograft model that enable patient-specific chemosensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Xiao
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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13
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Fisher BJ, Pugh SL, Macdonald DR, Chakravatri A, Lesser GJ, Fox S, Rogers CL, Werner-Wasik M, Doyle T, Bahary JP, Fiveash JB, Bovi JA, Howard SP, Michael Yu HH, D'Souza D, Laack NN, Barani IJ, Kwok Y, Wahl DR, Strasser JF, Won M, Mehta MP. Phase 2 Study of a Temozolomide-Based Chemoradiation Therapy Regimen for High-Risk, Low-Grade Gliomas: Long-Term Results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0424. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:720-725. [PMID: 32251755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the long-term outcomes of the RTOG 0424 study of a high-risk, low-grade glioma population treated with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS For this single-arm, phase 2 study, patients with low-grade gliomas with ≥3 risk factors (age ≥40 years, astrocytoma, bihemispheric tumor, size ≥6 cm, or preoperative neurologic function status >1) received RT (54 Gy in 30 fractions) with TMZ and up to 12 cycles of post-RT TMZ. The initial primary endpoint P was overall survival (OS) at 3 years after registration. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and the association of survival outcomes with methylation status. The initial 3-year report of this study was published in 2015. RESULTS The study accrued 136 patients, of whom 129 were analyzable. The median follow-up for surviving patients was 9.0 years. The 3-year OS was 73.5% (95% confidence interval, 65.8%-81.1%), numerically superior to the 3-year OS historical control of 54% (P < .001). The median survival time was 8.2 years (95% confidence interval, 5.6-9.1). Five- and 10-year OS rates were 60.9% and 34.6%, respectively, and 5- and 10-year PFS rates were 46.8% and 25.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The long-term results confirmed the findings from the initial report for efficacy, suggesting OS and PFS outcomes with the RT-TMZ regimen exceeded historical control groups treated with radiation alone. Toxicity was acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie L Pugh
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Glenn J Lesser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sherry Fox
- Cullather Brain Tumor Quality of Life Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Paul Bahary
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John B Fiveash
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joseph A Bovi
- Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - David D'Souza
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Igor J Barani
- UCSF Medical Center - Mount Zion, San Francisco, California
| | - Young Kwok
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jon F Strasser
- Christiana Care Health Services, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Minhee Won
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Pudelko L, Edwards S, Balan M, Nyqvist D, Al-Saadi J, Dittmer J, Almlöf I, Helleday T, Bräutigam L. An orthotopic glioblastoma animal model suitable for high-throughput screenings. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1475-1484. [PMID: 29750281 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer with poor prognosis. Although murine animal models have given valuable insights into the GBM disease biology, they cannot be used in high-throughput screens to identify and profile novel therapies. The only vertebrate model suitable for large-scale screens, the zebrafish, has proven to faithfully recapitulate biology and pathology of human malignancies, and clinically relevant orthotopic zebrafish models have been developed. However, currently available GBM orthotopic zebrafish models do not support high-throughput drug discovery screens. Methods We transplanted both GBM cell lines as well as patient-derived material into zebrafish blastulas. We followed the behavior of the transplants with time-lapse microscopy and real-time in vivo light-sheet microscopy. Results We found that GBM material transplanted into zebrafish blastomeres robustly migrated into the developing nervous system, establishing an orthotopic intracranial tumor already 24 hours after transplantation. Detailed analysis revealed that our model faithfully recapitulates the human disease. Conclusion We have developed a robust, fast, and automatable transplantation assay to establish orthotopic GBM tumors in zebrafish. In contrast to currently available orthotopic zebrafish models, our approach does not require technically challenging intracranial transplantation of single embryos. Our improved zebrafish model enables transplantation of thousands of embryos per hour, thus providing an orthotopic vertebrate GBM model for direct application in drug discovery screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pudelko
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Edwards
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirela Balan
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nyqvist
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Dittmer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Cruz FF, Pereira TCB, Altenhofen S, da Costa KM, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Morrone FB. Characterization of the adenosinergic system in a zebrafish embryo radiotherapy model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108572. [PMID: 31306805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a nucleoside that acts as a signaling molecule by activating P1 purinergic receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3). This activation is involved in immune responses, inflammation, and tissue remodeling and tumor progression. Gamma rays are a type of ionizing radiation widely adopted in radiotherapy of tumors. Although it brings benefits to the success of the therapeutic scheme, it can trigger cellular damages, inducing a perpetual inflammatory response that culminates in adverse effects and severe toxicity. Our study aims to characterize the adenosinergic system in a zebrafish embryo radiotherapy model, relating the adenosine signaling to the changes elicited by radiation exposure. To standardize the radiotherapy procedure, we established a toxicological profile after exposure. Zebrafish were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy) at 24 hpf. Survival, hatching rate, heartbeats, locomotor activity and morphological changes were determined during embryos development. Although without significant difference in survival, gamma-irradiated embryos had their heartbeats increased and presented decreased hatching time, changes in locomotor activity and important morphological alterations. The exposure to 10 Gy disrupted the ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 and adenosine deaminase/ADA enzymatic activity, impairing adenosine metabolism. We also demonstrated that radiation decreased A2B receptor gene expression, suggesting the involvement of extracellular adenosine in the changes prompted by radiotherapy. Our results indicate that the components of the adenosinergic system may be potential targets to improve radiotherapy and manage the tissue damage and toxicity of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fernandes Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Talita Carneiro Brandão Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kesiane Mayra da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Aplicada, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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16
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da Hora CC, Schweiger MW, Wurdinger T, Tannous BA. Patient-Derived Glioma Models: From Patients to Dish to Animals. Cells 2019; 8:E1177. [PMID: 31574953 PMCID: PMC6829406 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults associated with a poor survival. Current standard of care consists of surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy. GBMs are highly heterogeneous, having a complex interaction among different cells within the tumor as well as the tumor microenvironment. One of the main challenges in the neuro-oncology field in general, and GBM in particular, is to find an optimum culture condition that maintains the molecular genotype and phenotype as well as heterogeneity of the original tumor in vitro and in vivo. Established cell lines were shown to be a poor model of the disease, failing to recapitulate the phenotype and harboring non-parental genotypic mutations. Given the growing understanding of GBM biology, the discovery of glioma cancer stem-like cells (GSCs), and their role in tumor formation and therapeutic resistance, scientists are turning more towards patient-derived cells and xenografts as a more representative model. In this review, we will discuss the current state of patient-derived GSCs and their xenografts; and provide an overview of different established models to study GBM biology and to identify novel therapeutics in the pre-clinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Carla da Hora
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Schweiger
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA.
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17
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Vargas-Patron LA, Agudelo-Dueñas N, Madrid-Wolff J, Venegas JA, González JM, Forero-Shelton M, Akle V. Xenotransplantation of Human glioblastoma in Zebrafish larvae: in vivo imaging and proliferation assessment. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.043257. [PMID: 31085547 PMCID: PMC6550087 DOI: 10.1242/bio.043257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor. Treatment options include maximal surgical resection and drug-radiotherapy combination. However, patient prognosis remains very poor, prompting the search for new models for drug discovery and testing, especially those that allow assessment of in vivo responses to treatment. Zebrafish xenograft models have an enormous potential to study tumor behavior, proliferation and cellular interactions. Here, an in vivo imaging and proliferation assessment method of human GBM xenograft in zebrafish larvae is introduced. Zebrafish larvae microinjected with fluorescently labeled human GBM cells were screened daily using a stereomicroscope and imaged by light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM); volumetric modeling and composite reconstructions were done in single individuals. Larvae containing tumors were enzymatically dissociated, and proliferation of cancer cells was measured using dye dilution by flow cytometry. GBM micro-tumors formed mainly in the zebrafish yolk sac and perivitelline space following injection in the yolk sac, with an engraftment rate of 73%. Daily image analysis suggested cellular division, as micro-tumors progressively grew with differentiated fluorescence intensity signals. Using dye dilution assay by flow cytometry, at least three GBM cells' division cycles were identified. The combination of LSFM and flow cytometry allows assessment of proliferation and tumor growth of human GBM inside zebrafish, making it a useful model to identify effective anti-proliferative agents in a preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Vargas-Patron
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Circadian Rhythms, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia.,Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Nathalie Agudelo-Dueñas
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Circadian Rhythms, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia.,Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Jorge Madrid-Wolff
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan A Venegas
- Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - John M González
- Biomedical Sciences Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Manu Forero-Shelton
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
| | - Veronica Akle
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Circadian Rhythms, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, 111711, Colombia
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Chia K, Mazzolini J, Mione M, Sieger D. Tumor initiating cells induce Cxcr4-mediated infiltration of pro-tumoral macrophages into the brain. eLife 2018; 7:e31918. [PMID: 29465400 PMCID: PMC5821457 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clear that microglia and macrophages are present in brain tumors, but whether or how they affect initiation and development of tumors is not known. Exploiting the advantages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, we showed that macrophages and microglia respond immediately upon oncogene activation in the brain. Overexpression of human AKT1 within neural cells of larval zebrafish led to a significant increase in the macrophage and microglia populations. By using a combination of transgenic and mutant zebrafish lines, we showed that this increase was caused by the infiltration of peripheral macrophages into the brain mediated via Sdf1b-Cxcr4b signaling. Intriguingly, confocal live imaging reveals highly dynamic interactions between macrophages/microglia and pre-neoplastic cells, which do not result in phagocytosis of pre-neoplastic cells. Finally, depletion of macrophages and microglia resulted in a significant reduction of oncogenic cell proliferation. Thus, macrophages and microglia show tumor promoting functions already during the earliest stages of the developing tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelda Chia
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie Mazzolini
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Marina Mione
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO)University of TrentoTrentoItaly
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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19
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Zeng A, Ye T, Cao D, Huang X, Yang Y, Chen X, Xie Y, Yao S, Zhao C. Identify a Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Drug-TNB using Zebrafish Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14372. [PMID: 29085081 PMCID: PMC5662771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is necessary for maintaining brain homeostasis, but it also represents a major challenge for drug delivery to the brain tumors. A suitable in vivo Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) model is needed for efficient testing of BBB crossable pharmaceuticals. In this study, we firstly confirmed the BBB functionality in 3dpf zebrafish embryos by Lucifer Yellow, Evans Blue and DAPI microinjection. We then transplanted human GBM tumor cells into the zebrafish brain, in which implanted GBM cells (U87 and U251) were highly mitotic and invasive, mimicking their malignancy features in rodents' brain. Interestingly, we found that, although extensive endothelial proliferation and vessel dilation were observed in GBM xenografts, the BBB was still not disturbed. Next, using the zebrafish orthotopic GBM xenograft model as an in vivo visual readout, we successfully identified a promising small compound named TNB, which could efficiently cross the zebrafish BBB and inhibit the progression of orthotopic GBM xenografts. These results indicate that TNB is a promising BBB crossable GBM drug worth to be further characterized in human BBB setting, also suggest the zebrafish orthotopic GBM model as an efficient visual readout for the BBB penetrating anti-GBM drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China.
| | - Chengjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan, P.R. China.
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20
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Zebrafish in Translational Cancer Research: Insight into Leukemia, Melanoma, Glioma and Endocrine Tumor Biology. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8090236. [PMID: 28930163 PMCID: PMC5615369 DOI: 10.3390/genes8090236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, zebrafish have emerged as a powerful tool for studying human cancers. Transgenic techniques have been employed to model different types of tumors, including leukemia, melanoma, glioblastoma and endocrine tumors. These models present histopathological and molecular conservation with their human cancer counterparts and have been fundamental for understanding mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, xenotransplantation of human cancer cells in embryos or adult zebrafish offers the advantage of studying the behavior of human cancer cells in a live organism. Chemical-genetic screens using zebrafish embryos have uncovered novel druggable pathways and new therapeutic strategies, some of which are now tested in clinical trials. In this review, we will report on recent advances in using zebrafish as a model in cancer studies—with specific focus on four cancer types—where zebrafish has contributed to novel discoveries or approaches to novel therapies.
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21
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RECQ1 Helicase Silencing Decreases the Tumour Growth Rate of U87 Glioblastoma Cell Xenografts in Zebrafish Embryos. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8090222. [PMID: 28878163 PMCID: PMC5615355 DOI: 10.3390/genes8090222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQ1 helicase has multiple roles in DNA replication, including restoration of the replication fork and DNA repair, and plays an important role in tumour progression. Its expression is highly elevated in glioblastoma as compared to healthy brain tissue. We studied the effects of small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-induced silencing of RECQ1 helicase on the increase in cell number and the invasion of U87 glioblastoma cells. RECQ1 silencing reduced the rate of increase in the number of U87 cells by 30%. This corresponded with a 40% reduction of the percentage of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, and an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. These effects were confirmed in vivo, in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, by implanting DsRed-labelled RECQ1 helicase-silenced and control U87 cells. The growth of resulting tumours was quantified by monitoring the increase in xenograft fluorescence intensity during a three-day period with fluorescence microscopy. The reduced rate of tumour growth, by approximately 30% in RECQ1 helicase-silenced cells, was in line with in vitro measurements of the increase in cell number upon RECQ1 helicase silencing. However, RECQ1 helicase silencing did not affect invasive behaviour of U87 cells in the zebrafish brain. This is the first in vivo confirmation that RECQ1 helicase is a promising molecular target in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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22
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Zhang T, Ma G, Zhang Y, Huo H, Zhao Y. miR-216b inhibits glioma cell migration and invasion through suppression of FoxM1. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1751-1759. [PMID: 28731180 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in tumour biological and pathologic processes. In the present study, we aimed to detect the expression and biological role of miR-216b in glioma. Our data showed that miR-216b was significantly downregulated in human glioma tissues and cells. Ectopic expression of miR-216b inhibited the proliferation and invasion of U87 and U251 cells and suppressed the growth of xenograft tumours in vivo. Bioinformatic and luciferase reporter analyses identified Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) as a direct target of miR-216b. Overexpression of miR-216b inhibited the expression of FoxM1 in glioma cells. Rescue experiments demonstrated that co-transfection of FoxM1 lacking the 3'-untranslated region partially prevented miR‑216b-induced inhibition of glioma cell growth and invasion. In vivo studies indicated that ectopic expression of miR-216b impeded the proliferation of glioma xenograft tumours in nude mice, coupled with a decreased in FoxM1 protein expression and the percentage of Ki-67-positive tumour cells. Taken together, our results provide evidence of the suppressive activity of miR‑216b in glioma, which is largely ascribed to downregulation of FoxM1. Restoration of miR-216b may provide a novel potential therapeutic agent for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Guangtao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of The Heart of Non-Invasive Examination, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Hongda Huo
- Daqing Convalescence Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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23
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Abstract
The discovery of the microRNAs, lin-4 and let-7 as critical mediators of normal development in Caenorhabditis elegans and their conservation throughout evolution has spearheaded research toward identifying novel roles of microRNAs in other cellular processes. To accurately elucidate these fundamental functions, especially in the context of an intact organism, various microRNA transgenic models have been generated and evaluated. Transgenic C. elegans (worms), Drosophila melanogaster (flies), Danio rerio (zebrafish), and Mus musculus (mouse) have contributed immensely toward uncovering the roles of multiple microRNAs in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, pathways that are severely altered in human diseases such as cancer. The simple model organisms, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and D. rerio, do not develop cancers but have proved to be convenient systesm in microRNA research, especially in characterizing the microRNA biogenesis machinery which is often dysregulated during human tumorigenesis. The microRNA-dependent events delineated via these simple in vivo systems have been further verified in vitro, and in more complex models of cancers, such as M. musculus. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the important contributions made in the microRNA field using model organisms. The simple model systems provided the basis for the importance of microRNAs in normal cellular physiology, while the more complex animal systems provided evidence for the role of microRNAs dysregulation in cancers. Highlights include an overview of the various strategies used to generate transgenic organisms and a review of the use of transgenic mice for evaluating preclinical efficacy of microRNA-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita S Pal
- PULSe Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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24
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Galante JR, Rodriguez F, Grossman SA, Strowd RE. Late post-treatment radiographic changes 3 years following chemoradiation for glioma: the importance of histopathology. CNS Oncol 2017; 6:195-201. [PMID: 28718307 PMCID: PMC6009212 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2016-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-related changes can mimic brain tumor progression both clinically and radiographically. Distinguishing these two entities represents a major challenge in neuro-oncology. No single imaging modality is capable of reliably achieving such distinction. While histopathology remains the gold standard, definitive pathological criteria are also lacking which can further complicate such cases. We report a patient with high-grade glioma who, after initially presenting with histopathologically confirmed pseudoprogression 10 months following treatment, re-presented 3 years following concurrent chemoradiation with clinical and radiographic changes that were most consistent with progressive disease but for which histopathology revealed treatment effects without active glioma. This case highlights the potential late onset of treatment-related changes and underscores the importance of histopathologic assessment even years following initial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao R Galante
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 41 Jackowskiego Street, 60-512 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fausto Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, David H. Koch Cancer Research Bldg II, 1550 Orleans Street, Room 1M16, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stuart A Grossman
- Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, David H. Koch Cancer Research Bldg II, 1550 Orleans Street, Room 1M16, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Roy E Strowd
- Department of Neurology and Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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25
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Welker AM, Jaros BD, An M, Beattie CE. Changes in tumor cell heterogeneity after chemotherapy treatment in a xenograft model of glioblastoma. Neuroscience 2017; 356:35-43. [PMID: 28526577 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer with limited treatments and poor patient survival. GBM tumors are heterogeneous containing a complex mixture of dividing cells, differentiated cells, and cancer stem cells. It is unclear, however, how these different cell populations contribute to tumor growth or whether they exhibit differential responses to chemotherapy. Here we set out to address these questions using a zebrafish xenograft transplant model (Welker et al., 2016). We found that a small population of differentiated vimentin-positive tumor cells, but a majority of Sox2-positive putative cancer stem cells, were dividing during tumor growth. We also observed co-expression of Sox2 and GFAP, another suggested marker of glioma cancer stem cells, indicating that the putative cancer stem cells in GBM9 tumors expressed both of these markers. To determine how these different tumor cell populations responded to chemotherapy, we treated animals with temozolomide (TMZ) and assessed these cell populations immediately after treatment and 5 and 10days after treatment cessation. As expected we found a significant decrease in dividing cells after treatment. We also found a significant decrease in vimentin-positive cells, but not in Sox2 or GFAP-positive cells. However, the Sox2-positive cells significantly increased 5days after TMZ treatment. These data support that putative glioma cancer stem cells are more resistant to TMZ treatment and may contribute to tumor regrowth after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M Welker
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - Brian D Jaros
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - Min An
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - Christine E Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States.
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26
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Casey MJ, Modzelewska K, Anderson D, Goodman J, Boer EF, Jimenez L, Grossman D, Stewart RA. Transplantation of Zebrafish Pediatric Brain Tumors into Immune-competent Hosts for Long-term Study of Tumor Cell Behavior and Drug Response. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28570545 PMCID: PMC5607995 DOI: 10.3791/55712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell transplantation is an important technique to define the mechanisms controlling cancer cell growth, migration, and host response, as well as to assess potential patient response to therapy. Current methods largely depend on using syngeneic or immune-compromised animals to avoid rejection of the tumor graft. Such methods require the use of specific genetic strains that often prevent the analysis of immune-tumor cell interactions and/or are limited to specific genetic backgrounds. An alternative method in zebrafish takes advantage of an incompletely developed immune system in the embryonic brain before 3 days, where tumor cells are transplanted for use in short-term assays (i.e., 3 to 10 days). However, these methods cause host lethality, which prevents the long-term study of tumor cell behavior and drug response. This protocol describes a simple and efficient method for the long-term orthotopic transplantation of zebrafish brain tumor tissue into the fourth ventricle of a 2-day-old immune-competent zebrafish. This method allows: 1) long-term study of tumor cell behaviors, such as invasion and dissemination; 2) durable tumor response to drugs; and 3) re-transplantation of tumors for the study of tumor evolution and/or the impact of different host genetic backgrounds. In summary, this technique allows cancer researchers to assess engraftment, invasion, and growth at distant sites, as well as to perform chemical screens and cell competition assays over many months. This protocol can be extended to studies of other tumor types and can be used to elucidate mechanisms of chemoresistance and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie J Casey
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Katarzyna Modzelewska
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Daniela Anderson
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - James Goodman
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Elena F Boer
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Laura Jimenez
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine;
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27
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Animal Models in Glioblastoma: Use in Biology and Developing Therapeutic Strategies. ADVANCES IN BIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56820-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Kong EY, Cheng SH, Yu KN. Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model to Assess Epigenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122108. [PMID: 27983682 PMCID: PMC5187908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiations (IRs) is ubiquitous in our environment and can be categorized into “targeted” effects and “non-targeted” effects. In addition to inducing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, IR exposure leads to epigenetic alterations that do not alter DNA sequence. Using an appropriate model to study the biological effects of radiation is crucial to better understand IR responses as well as to develop new strategies to alleviate exposure to IR. Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a scientific model organism that has yielded scientific advances in several fields and recent studies show the usefulness of this vertebrate model in radiation biology. This review briefly describes both “targeted” and “non-targeted” effects, describes the findings in radiation biology using zebrafish as a model and highlights the potential of zebrafish to assess the epigenetic effects of IR, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression. Other in vivo models are included to compare observations made with zebrafish, or to illustrate the feasibility of in vivo models when the use of zebrafish was unavailable. Finally, tools to study epigenetic modifications in zebrafish, including changes in genome-wide DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression, are also described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Kong
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Hamilton L, Astell KR, Velikova G, Sieger D. A Zebrafish Live Imaging Model Reveals Differential Responses of Microglia Toward Glioblastoma Cells In Vivo. Zebrafish 2016; 13:523-534. [PMID: 27779463 PMCID: PMC5124743 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and deadliest form of brain cancer. Glioblastomas are infiltrated by a high number of microglia, which promote tumor growth and surrounding tissue invasion. However, it is unclear how microglia and glioma cells physically interact and if there are differences, depending on glioma cell type. Hence, we have developed a novel live imaging assay to study microglia-glioma interactions in vivo in the zebrafish brain. We transplanted well-established human glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and U251, into transgenic zebrafish lines with labelled macrophages/microglia. Our confocal live imaging results show distinct interactions between microglia and U87, as well as U251 glioblastoma cells that differ in number and nature. Importantly these interactions do not appear to be antitumoral as zebrafish microglia do not engulf and phagocytose the human glioblastoma cells. Finally, xenotransplants into the irf8-/- zebrafish mutant that lacks microglia, as well as pharmacological inhibition of the CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) on microglia, confirm a prominent role for zebrafish microglia in promoting human glioblastoma cell growth. This new model will be an important tool for drug screening and the development of future immunotherapeutics targeting microglia within glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Hamilton
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katy R Astell
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gergana Velikova
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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30
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Wertman J, Veinotte CJ, Dellaire G, Berman JN. The Zebrafish Xenograft Platform: Evolution of a Novel Cancer Model and Preclinical Screening Tool. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:289-314. [PMID: 27165359 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal xenografts of human cancers represent a key preclinical tool in the field of cancer research. While mouse xenografts have long been the gold standard, investigators have begun to use zebrafish (Danio rerio) xenotransplantation as a relatively rapid, robust and cost-effective in vivo model of human cancers. There are several important methodological considerations in the design of an informative and efficient zebrafish xenotransplantation experiment. Various transgenic fish strains have been created that facilitate microscopic observation, ranging from the completely transparent casper fish to the Tg(fli1:eGFP) fish that expresses fluorescent GFP protein in its vascular tissue. While human cancer cell lines have been used extensively in zebrafish xenotransplantation studies, several reports have also used primary patient samples as the donor material. The zebrafish is ideally suited for transplanting primary patient material by virtue of the relatively low number of cells required for each embryo (between 50 and 300 cells), the absence of an adaptive immune system in the early zebrafish embryo, and the short experimental timeframe (5-7 days). Following xenotransplantation into the fish, cells can be tracked using in vivo or ex vivo measures of cell proliferation and migration, facilitated by fluorescence or human-specific protein expression. Importantly, assays have been developed that allow for the reliable detection of in vivo human cancer cell growth or inhibition following administration of drugs of interest. The zebrafish xenotransplantation model is a unique and effective tool for the study of cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Wertman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | | | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2.
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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31
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Szabó ER, Plangár I, Tőkés T, Mán I, Polanek R, Kovács R, Fekete G, Szabó Z, Csenki Z, Baska F, Hideghéty K. l-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine as a Potential Radioprotective Agent in Zebrafish Embryo Model. Zebrafish 2016; 13:481-488. [PMID: 27486826 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work establishes the zebrafish embryo model for ionizing radiation (IR) modifier research and also evaluates the protective effect of l-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC). Embryos were exposed to a single-fraction whole-body gamma irradiation (5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy) at different postfertilization time points and were serially assessed for viability and macro- and micromorphologic abnormalities. After toxicity evaluation, 194 μM of GPC was added for certain groups with 3-h incubation before the radiation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression changes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A higher sensitivity could be observed at earlier stages of the embryogenesis. The lethal dose (LD50) for 6 hours postfertilization (hpf) embryos was 15 Gy and for 24 hpf was 20 Gy on day 7, respectively. GPC administration resulted in a significant improvement in both the distortion rate and survival of the 24 hpf embryos. Qualitative evaluation of the histological changes confirmed the protective effect of GPC. IL-1β and NF-κB overexpression due to 10 Gy irradiation was also reduced by GPC. GPC exhibited promising radioprotective effects in our zebrafish embryo model, decreasing the irradiation-induced morphological damage and lethality with significant reduction of IR-caused pro-inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Rita Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Plangár
- 2 MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tőkés
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,3 Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Mán
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Polanek
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kovács
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fekete
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 6 Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Szent István University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
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32
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Rajan V, Dellaire G, Berman JN. Modeling Leukemogenesis in the Zebrafish Using Genetic and Xenograft Models. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1451:171-89. [PMID: 27464808 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3771-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish is a widely accepted model to study leukemia. The major advantage of studying leukemogenesis in zebrafish is attributed to its short life cycle and superior imaging capacity. This chapter highlights using transgenic- and xenograft-based models in zebrafish to study a specific leukemogenic mutation and analyze therapeutic responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothkumar Rajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850/5980 University Ave, Halifax, Canada, B3H 4R2.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Jason N Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, B3H 4R2. .,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, 5850/5980 University Ave, Halifax, Canada, B3H 4R2. .,Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre/Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, B3H 4R2.
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33
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Wehmas LC, Tanguay RL, Punnoose A, Greenwood JA. Developing a Novel Embryo-Larval Zebrafish Xenograft Assay to Prioritize Human Glioblastoma Therapeutics. Zebrafish 2016; 13:317-29. [PMID: 27158859 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer requiring improved treatments. Existing methods of drug discovery and development require years before new therapeutics become available to patients. Zebrafish xenograft models hold promise for prioritizing drug development. We have developed an embryo-larval zebrafish xenograft assay in which cancer cells are implanted in a brain microenvironment to discover and prioritize compounds that impact glioblastoma proliferation, migration, and invasion. We illustrate the utility of our assay by evaluating the well-studied, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), which demonstrate selective cancer cytotoxicity in cell culture, but the in vivo effectiveness has not been established. Exposures of 3.125-6.25 μM LY294002 significantly decreased proliferation up to 34% with concentration-dependent trends. Exposure to 6.25 μM LY294002 significantly inhibited migration/invasion by ∼27% within the glioblastoma cell mass (0-80 μm) and by ∼32% in the next distance region (81-160 μm). Unexpectedly, ZnO enhanced glioblastoma proliferation by ∼19% and migration/invasion by ∼35% at the periphery of the cell mass (161+ μm); however, dissolution of these NPs make it difficult to discern whether this was a nano or ionic effect. These results demonstrate that we have a short, relevant, and sensitive zebrafish-based assay to aid glioblastoma therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Christine Wehmas
- 1 Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- 1 Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Alex Punnoose
- 2 Department of Physics, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho
| | - Juliet A Greenwood
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon
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34
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Vittori M, Breznik B, Gredar T, Hrovat K, Bizjak Mali L, Lah TT. Imaging of human glioblastoma cells and their interactions with mesenchymal stem cells in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic brain. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:159-67. [PMID: 27247548 PMCID: PMC4852964 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An attractive approach in the study of human cancers is the use of transparent zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, which enable the visualization of cancer progression in a living animal. MATERIALS AND METHODS We implanted mixtures of fluorescently labeled glioblastoma (GBM) cells and bonemarrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into zebrafish embryos to study the cellular pathways of their invasion and the interactions between these cells in vivo. RESULTS By developing and applying a carbocyanine-dye-compatible clearing protocol for observation of cells in deep tissues, we showed that U87 and U373 GBM cells rapidly aggregated into tumor masses in the ventricles and midbrain hemispheres of the zebrafish embryo brain, and invaded the central nervous system, often using the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord. However, the GBM cells did not leave the central nervous system. With co-injection of differentially labeled cultured GBM cells and MSCs, the implanted cells formed mixed tumor masses in the brain. We observed tight associations between GBM cells and MSCs, and possible cell-fusion events. GBM cells and MSCs used similar invasion routes in the central nervous system. CONCLUSIONS This simple model can be used to study the molecular pathways of cellular processes in GBM cell invasion, and their interactions with various types of stromal cells in double or triple cell co-cultures, to design anti-GBM cell therapies that use MSCs as vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Vittori
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Tajda Gredar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Lilijana Bizjak Mali
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Welker AM, Jaros BD, Puduvalli VK, Imitola J, Kaur B, Beattie CE. Standardized orthotopic xenografts in zebrafish reveal glioma cell-line-specific characteristics and tumor cell heterogeneity. Dis Model Mech 2015; 9:199-210. [PMID: 26659251 PMCID: PMC4770147 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.022921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain cancer, for which few effective drug treatments are available. Several studies have used zebrafish models to study GBM, but a standardized approach to modeling GBM in zebrafish was lacking to date, preventing comparison of data across studies. Here, we describe a new, standardized orthotopic xenotransplant model of GBM in zebrafish. Dose-response survival assays were used to define the optimal number of cells for tumor formation. Techniques to measure tumor burden and cell spread within the brain over real time were optimized using mouse neural stem cells as control transplants. Applying this standardized approach, we transplanted two patient-derived GBM cell lines, serum-grown adherent cells and neurospheres, into the midbrain region of embryonic zebrafish and analyzed transplanted larvae over time. Progressive brain tumor growth and premature larval death were observed using both cell lines; however, fewer transplanted neurosphere cells were needed for tumor growth and lethality. Tumors were heterogeneous, containing both cells expressing stem cell markers and cells expressing markers of differentiation. A small proportion of transplanted neurosphere cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or vimentin, markers of more differentiated cells, but this number increased significantly during tumor growth, indicating that these cells undergo differentiation in vivo. By contrast, most serum-grown adherent cells expressed GFAP and vimentin at the earliest times examined post-transplant. Both cell types produced brain tumors that contained Sox2+ cells, indicative of tumor stem cells. Transplanted larvae were treated with currently used GBM therapeutics, temozolomide or bortezomib, and this resulted in a reduction in tumor volume in vivo and an increase in survival. The standardized model reported here facilitates robust and reproducible analysis of glioblastoma tumor cells in real time and provides a platform for drug screening. Summary: This zebrafish xenotransplant model of glioblastoma enables in vivo imaging of tumor cells and rapid screening for anti-glioma agents. It provides standardization of a model that is easily replicated across laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M Welker
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brian D Jaros
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christine E Beattie
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Segarra M, Kirchmaier BC, Acker-Palmer A. A vascular perspective on neuronal migration. Mech Dev 2015; 138 Pt 1:17-25. [PMID: 26192337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During CNS development and adult neurogenesis, immature neurons travel from the germinal zones towards their final destination using cellular substrates for their migration. Classically, radial glia and neuronal axons have been shown to act as physical scaffolds to support neuroblast locomotion in processes known as gliophilic and neurophilic migration, respectively (Hatten, 1999; Marin and Rubenstein, 2003; Rakic, 2003). In adulthood, long distance neuronal migration occurs in a glial-independent manner since radial glia cells differentiate into astrocytes after birth. A series of studies highlight a novel mode of neuronal migration that uses blood vessels as scaffolds, the so-called vasophilic migration. This migration mode allows neuroblast navigation in physiological and also pathological conditions, such as neuronal precursor migration after ischemic stroke or cerebral invasion of glioma tumor cells. Here we review the current knowledge about how vessels pave the path for migrating neurons and how trophic factors derived by glio-vascular structures guide neuronal migration both during physiological as well as pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Segarra
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Bettina C Kirchmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University of Mainz, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Vittori M, Motaln H, Turnšek TL. The study of glioma by xenotransplantation in zebrafish early life stages. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:749-61. [PMID: 26109632 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415595670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their transparent embryos are becoming an increasingly popular tool for studying processes involved in tumor progression and in the search for novel tumor treatment approaches. The xenotransplantation of fluorescently labeled mammalian cancer cells into zebrafish embryos is an approach enabling relatively high-throughput in vivo analyses. The small size of the embryos as well as the relative simplicity of their manipulation and maintenance allow for large numbers of embryos to be processed efficiently in a short time and at low cost. Furthermore, the possibility of fluorescence microscopic imaging of tumor progression within zebrafish embryos and larvae holds unprecedented potential for the real-time visualization of these processes in vivo. This review presents the methodologies of xenotransplantation studies on zebrafish involving research on tumor invasion, proliferation, tumor-induced angiogenesis and screening for antitumor therapeutics. We further focus on the application of these zebrafish to the study of glioma; in particular, its most common and malignant form, glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Vittori
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
| | - Helena Motaln
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (MV, HM, TLT)
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Guo M, Wei H, Hu J, Sun S, Long J, Wang X. U0126 inhibits pancreatic cancer progression via the KRAS signaling pathway in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:699-706. [PMID: 26035715 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human cancers, and the pharmaceutical outcomes for its treatment remain disappointing. Proper animal models will provide an efficient platform for investigating novel drugs, and the zebrafish has become one of the most promising and comprehensive model animal in cancer research. In the present study, we used a novel xenograft model in zebrafish by transplanting human pancreatic cancer cells to study the progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells and to assay the pharmacological effects of new drug U0126 in vivo. We first established a primary xenograft model of pancreatic cancer by injecting human pancreatic cancer cells into both live larval and adult zebrafish, and then investigated the behaviors of CM-DiI‑labeled human pancreatic cancer cells. Subsequently, we tested the potential of this model for drug screening by evaluating a known small-molecule inhibitor, U0126, which targets the KRAS signaling pathway. Cells with KRAS mutations exhibited significant proliferative and migratory behaviors and invaded the zebrafish vasculature system. In contrast, the proliferation and migration of Mia PaCa-2 cells in zebrafish larvae were substantially repressed following U0126 treatment. These results suggest that zebrafish xenotransplantation can be used as a simple and efficient tool to screen and identify new anti-pancreatic cancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jingying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Kegelman TP, Hu B, Emdad L, Das SK, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. In vivo modeling of malignant glioma: the road to effective therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 121:261-330. [PMID: 24889534 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800249-0.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increased emphasis on developing new therapies for malignant gliomas, they remain among the most intractable tumors faced today as they demonstrate a remarkable ability to evade current treatment strategies. Numerous candidate treatments fail at late stages, often after showing promising preclinical results. This disconnect highlights the continued need for improved animal models of glioma, which can be used to both screen potential targets and authentically recapitulate the human condition. This review examines recent developments in the animal modeling of glioma, from more established rat models to intriguing new systems using Drosophila and zebrafish that set the stage for higher throughput studies of potentially useful targets. It also addresses the versatility of mouse modeling using newly developed techniques recreating human protocols and sophisticated genetically engineered approaches that aim to characterize the biology of gliomagenesis. The use of these and future models will elucidate both new targets and effective combination therapies that will impact on disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Kegelman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Yousfi N, Pruvot B, Lopez T, Magadoux L, Franche N, Pichon L, Salvadori F, Solary E, Garrido C, Laurens V, Chluba J. The impact of tumor nitric oxide production on VEGFA expression and tumor growth in a zebrafish rat glioma xenograft model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120435. [PMID: 25768009 PMCID: PMC4359111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of nitric oxide on tumor development, we established a rat tumor xenograft model in zebrafish embryos. The injected tumor cells formed masses in which nitric oxide production could be detected by the use of the cell-permeant DAF-FM-DA (diaminofluorophore 4-amino-5-methylamino-2’-7’-difluorofluorescein diacetate) and DAR-4M-AM (diaminorhodamine-4M). This method revealed that nitric oxide production could be co-localized with the tumor xenograft in 46% of the embryos. In 85% of these embryos, tumors were vascularized and blood vessels were observed on day 4 post injection. Furthermore, we demonstrated by qRT-PCR that the transplanted glioma cells highly expressed Nos2, Vegfa and Cyclin D1 mRNA. In the xenografted embryos we also found increased zebrafish vegfa expression. Glioma and zebrafish derived Vegfa and tumor Cyclin D1 expression could be down regulated by the nitric oxide scavenger 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide or CPTIO. We conclude that even if there is a heterogeneous nitric oxide production by the xenografted glioma cells that impacts Vegfa and Cyclin D1 expression levels, our results suggest that reduction of nitric oxide levels by nitric oxide scavenging could be an efficient approach to treat glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhir Yousfi
- INSERM, UMR 866, 'Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer’, Dijon, France
- University of Burgundy, UFR SVTE, Dijon, France
| | | | - Tatiana Lopez
- INSERM, UMR 866, 'Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer’, Dijon, France
- University of Burgundy, UFR SVTE, Dijon, France
| | - Lea Magadoux
- EA 7269, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1009, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR 866, 'Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer’, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Laurens
- University of Burgundy, UFR SVTE, Dijon, France
- EA 7269, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Dijon, France
| | - Johanna Chluba
- INSERM, UMR 866, 'Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer’, Dijon, France
- University of Burgundy, UFR SVTE, Dijon, France
- * E-mail:
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Fisher BJ, Hu C, Macdonald DR, Lesser GJ, Coons SW, Brachman DG, Ryu S, Werner-Wasik M, Bahary JP, Liu J, Chakravarti A, Mehta M. Phase 2 study of temozolomide-based chemoradiation therapy for high-risk low-grade gliomas: preliminary results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0424. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 91:497-504. [PMID: 25680596 PMCID: PMC4329190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0424 was a phase 2 study of a high-risk low-grade glioma (LGG) population who were treated with temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy (RT), and outcomes were compared to those of historical controls. This study was designed to detect a 43% increase in median survival time (MST) from 40.5 to 57.9 months and a 20% improvement in 3-year overall survival (OS) rate from 54% to 65% at a 10% significance level (1-sided) and 96% power. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with LGGs with 3 or more risk factors for recurrence (age ≥40 years, astrocytoma histology, bihemispherical tumor, preoperative tumor diameter of ≥6 cm, or a preoperative neurological function status of >1) were treated with RT (54 Gy in 30 fractions) and concurrent and adjuvant TMZ. RESULTS From 2005 to 2009, 129 evaluable patients (75 males and 54 females) were accrued. Median age was 49 years; 91% had a Zubrod score of 0 or 1; and 69%, 25%, and 6% of patients had 3, 4, and 5 risk factors, respectively. Patients had median and minimum follow-up examinations of 4.1 years and 3 years, respectively. The 3-year OS rate was 73.1% (95% confidence interval: 65.3%-80.8%), which was significantly improved compared to that of prespecified historical control values (P<.001). Median survival time has not yet been reached. Three-year progression-free survival was 59.2%. Grades 3 and 4 adverse events occurred in 43% and 10% of patients, respectively. One patient died of herpes encephalitis. CONCLUSIONS The 3-year OS rate of 73.1% for RTOG 0424 high-risk LGG patients is higher than that reported for historical controls (P<.001) and the study-hypothesized rate of 65%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Hu
- Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-Statistical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Glenn J Lesser
- Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Paul Bahary
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal-Notre Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Minesh Mehta
- University of Maryland Medical Systems, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yang X, Cui W, Yu S, Xu C, Chen G, Gu A, Li T, Cui Y, Zhang X, Bian X. A synthetic dl-nordihydroguaiaretic acid (Nordy), inhibits angiogenesis, invasion and proliferation of glioma stem cells within a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85759. [PMID: 24454929 PMCID: PMC3893259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their transparent embryos represent a promising model system in cancer research. Compared with other vertebrate model systems, we had previously shown that the zebrafish model provides many advantages over mouse or chicken models to study tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. In this study, we systematically investigated the biological features of glioma stem cells (GSCs) in a zebrafish model, such as tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and proliferation. We demonstrated that several verified anti-angiogenic agents inhibited angiogenesis that was induced by xenografted-GSCs. We next evaluated the effects of a synthetic dl-nordihydroguaiaretic acid compound (dl-NDGA or “Nordy”), which revealed anti-tumor activity against human GSCs in vitro by establishing parameters through studying its ability to suppress angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and proliferation. Furthermore, our results indicated that Nordy might inhibit GSCs invasion and proliferation through regulation of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox-5) pathway. Moreover, the combination of Nordy and a VEGF inhibitor exhibited an enhanced ability to suppress angiogenesis that was induced by GSCs. By contrast, even following treatment with 50 µM Nordy, there was no discernible effect on zebrafish embryonic development. Together, these results suggested efficacy and safety of using Nordy in vivo, and further demonstrated that this model should be suitable for studying GSCs and anti-GSC drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XJY); (XWB)
| | - Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shicang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guilai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youhong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuwu Bian
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XJY); (XWB)
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Li Q, Shen K, Zhao Y, Ma C, Liu J, Ma J. MiR-92b inhibitor promoted glioma cell apoptosis via targeting DKK3 and blocking the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2013; 11:302. [PMID: 24325785 PMCID: PMC4028874 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MiR-92b was upregulated in gliomas. However, the association of miR-92b with glioma cell apoptosis and survival remains unknown. Methods Proliferation capability of glioma cells upon tranfection with miR-92b mimics or inhibitors was detected by mutiple analyses, including MTT assays, colony formation assay. Apoptosis abilities of glioma cells were detected by flow cytometric analysis. The target of miR-92b was determined by luciferase reporter and western blot. The association of miR-92b with outcome was examined in twenty glioma patients. Results MiR-92b expression was significantly increased in high-grade gliomas compared with low-grade gliomas, and positively correlated with the degree of glioma infiltration. Over-expression of miR-92b increased cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of miR-92b decreased cell proliferation via modulating the levels of the target, Target prediction analysis and a dual luciferase reporting assay confirmed that the inhibitory protein-coding Dickkopf-3 gene (DKK3) was a direct target of miR-92b. Furthermore, miR-92b could regulate the expression of downstream genes of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, such as Bcl2, c-myc and p-c-Jun, in glioma cells. Finally, the increased level of miR-92b expression in high-grade gliomas confers poorer overall survival. Conclusions The present data indicates that miR-92b directly regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting DKK3 and act as prognostic factors for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P R China.
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Wang K, Jia Z, Zou J, Zhang A, Wang G, Hao J, Wang Y, Yang S, Pu P. Analysis of hsa-miR-30a-5p expression in human gliomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:405-11. [PMID: 23606081 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that miR-30a-5p was upregulated in six malignant glioma cell lines by microRNA(miRNA) array. For further verification of this finding, the expression of miR-30a-5p in 7 more malignant glioma cell lines, 43 freshly resected glioma samples and 75 archival paraffin embedded glioma specimens with different grade of malignancy were examined by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization(ISH). Here, we present the first evidence that miR-30a-5p is overexpressed in glioma cell lines and glioma samples as compared to the normal brain tissues (NBTs), and its expression level is positively correlated with tumor grade of malignancy. It is concluded that miR-30a-5p may have the potential as a diagnostic or prognostic marker of gliomas and as the target of miRNA-based glioma therapy in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Xiasha Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China
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Yang XJ, Cui W, Gu A, Xu C, Yu SC, Li TT, Cui YH, Zhang X, Bian XW. A novel zebrafish xenotransplantation model for study of glioma stem cell invasion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61801. [PMID: 23613942 PMCID: PMC3628966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis of solid tumors are the major causes of death in cancer patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small fraction of tumor cell population, but play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis. The xenograft of tumor cells in immunodeficient mice is one of commonly used in vivo models to study the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, this model is time-consuming and labor intensive. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their transparent embryos are emerging as a promising xenograft tumor model system for studies of tumor invasion. In this study, we established a tumor invasion model by using zebrafish embryo xenografted with human glioblastoma cell line U87 and its derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). We found that CSCs-enriched from U87 cells spreaded via the vessels within zebrafish embryos and such cells displayed an extremely high level of invasiveness which was associated with the up-regulated MMP-9 by CSCs. The invasion of glioma CSCs (GSCs) in zebrafish embryos was markedly inhibited by an MMP-9 inhibitor. Thus, our zebrafish embryo model is considered a cost-effective approach tostudies of the mechanisms underlying the invasion of CSCs and suitable for high-throughput screening of novel anti-tumor invasion/metastasis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jun Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai Gu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-ting Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - You-hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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47
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Emergence of zebrafish models in oncology for validating novel anticancer drug targets and nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:128-40. [PMID: 22903142 PMCID: PMC3562372 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo zebrafish models have recently attracted great attention in molecular oncology to investigate multiple genetic alterations associated with the development of human cancers and validate novel anticancer drug targets. Particularly, the transparent zebrafish models can be used as a xenotransplantation system to rapidly assess the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of cancer stem and/or progenitor cells and their progenies. Moreover, the zebrafish models have emerged as powerful tools for an in vivo testing of novel anticancer agents and nanomaterials for counteracting tumor formation and metastases and improving the efficacy of current radiation and chemotherapeutic treatments against aggressive, metastatic and lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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48
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Yang XJ, Chen GL, Yu SC, Xu C, Xin YH, Li TT, Shi Y, Gu A, Duan JJ, Qian C, Cui YH, Zhang X, Bian XW. TGF-β1 enhances tumor-induced angiogenesis via JNK pathway and macrophage infiltration in an improved zebrafish embryo/xenograft glioma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 15:191-8. [PMID: 23261760 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role at the early stage of tumorigenesis and tumor progression. A suitable model will be useful not only for the clarification of the underlying molecular mechanisms, but also for high-throughput identification of novel anti-angiogenesis compounds. Here, we established a zebrafish model for the purpose to investigate angiogenesis and screen anti-angiogenic compounds. Glioma U87 cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) were transplanted in fli:GFP transgenic zebrafish embryos where significant angiogenesis was observed. TGF-β1 enhanced glioma-induced angiogenesis, which was inhibited by JNK inhibitor SP600125 but not p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190, ERK inhibitor PD98059, or PI3K inhibitor LY294002, indicating the important role of TGF-β1 and JNK pathways in this process. Moreover, the glioma-induced angiogenesis was associated with macrophage infiltration that was further enhanced by TGF-β1. Therefore, our zebrafish model provides a powerful in vivo tool for the investigation of tumor-induced angiogenesis, and a cost-effective system for high-throughput screening of anti-angiogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education of China, China
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49
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Konantz M, Balci TB, Hartwig UF, Dellaire G, André MC, Berman JN, Lengerke C. Zebrafish xenografts as a tool for in vivo studies on human cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1266:124-37. [PMID: 22901264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become a powerful vertebrate model for genetic studies of embryonic development and organogenesis and increasingly for studies in cancer biology. Zebrafish facilitate the performance of reverse and forward genetic approaches, including mutagenesis and small molecule screens. Moreover, several studies report the feasibility of xenotransplanting human cells into zebrafish embryos and adult fish. This model provides a unique opportunity to monitor tumor-induced angiogenesis, invasiveness, and response to a range of treatments in vivo and in real time. Despite the high conservation of gene function between fish and humans, concern remains that potential differences in zebrafish tissue niches and/or missing microenvironmental cues could limit the relevance and translational utility of data obtained from zebrafish human cancer cell xenograft models. Here, we summarize current data on xenotransplantation of human cells into zebrafish, highlighting the advantages and limitations of this model in comparison to classical murine models of xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Konantz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen Medical Center II, Tübingen, Germany
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50
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Chemosensitized radiosurgery for recurrent brain metastases. J Neurooncol 2012; 110:265-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-0965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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