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Matsuzaki H, Kimura M, Morihashi M, Tanimoto K. Imprinted DNA methylation of the H19 ICR is established and maintained in vivo in the absence of Kaiso. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:20. [PMID: 38840164 PMCID: PMC11151560 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paternal allele-specific DNA methylation of the imprinting control region (H19 ICR) controls genomic imprinting at the Igf2/H19 locus. We previously demonstrated that the mouse H19 ICR transgene acquires imprinted DNA methylation in preimplantation mouse embryos. This activity is also present in the endogenous H19 ICR and protects it from genome-wide reprogramming after fertilization. We also identified a 118-bp sequence within the H19 ICR that is responsible for post-fertilization imprinted methylation. Two mutations, one in the five RCTG motifs and the other a 36-bp deletion both in the 118-bp segment, caused complete and partial loss, respectively, of methylation following paternal transmission in each transgenic mouse. Interestingly, these mutations overlap with the binding site for the transcription factor Kaiso, which is reportedly involved in maintaining paternal methylation at the human H19 ICR (IC1) in cultured cells. In this study, we investigated if Kaiso regulates imprinted DNA methylation of the H19 ICR in vivo. RESULTS Neither Kaiso deletion nor mutation of Kaiso binding sites in the 118-bp region affected DNA methylation of the mouse H19 ICR transgene. The endogenous mouse H19 ICR was methylated in a wild-type manner in Kaiso-null mutant mice. Additionally, the human IC1 transgene acquired imprinted DNA methylation after fertilization in the absence of Kaiso. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Kaiso is not essential for either post-fertilization imprinted DNA methylation of the transgenic H19 ICR in mouse or for methylation imprinting of the endogenous mouse H19 ICR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuzaki
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Minami Kimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mizuki Morihashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanimoto
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
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Messingschlager M, Bartel-Steinbach M, Mackowiak SD, Denkena J, Bieg M, Klös M, Seegebarth A, Straff W, Süring K, Ishaque N, Eils R, Lehmann I, Lermen D, Trump S. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing identifies epigenetic perturbations in the upper airways under long-term exposure to moderate levels of ambient air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116413. [PMID: 37343754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
While the link between exposure to high levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) and increased incidences of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases is widely recognized, recent epidemiological studies have shown that low PM concentrations are equally associated with adverse health effects. As DNA methylation is one of the main mechanisms by which cells regulate and stabilize gene expression, changes in the methylome could constitute early indicators of dysregulated signaling pathways. So far, little is known about PM-associated DNA methylation changes in the upper airways, the first point of contact between airborne pollutants and the human body. Here, we focused on cells of the upper respiratory tract and assessed their genome-wide DNA methylation pattern to explore exposure-associated early regulatory changes. Using a mobile epidemiological laboratory, nasal lavage samples were collected from a cohort of 60 adults that lived in districts with records of low (Simmerath) or moderate (Stuttgart) PM10 levels in Germany. PM10 concentrations were verified by particle measurements on the days of the sample collection and genome-wide DNA methylation was determined by enzymatic methyl sequencing at single-base resolution. We identified 231 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between moderately and lowly PM10 exposed individuals. A high proportion of DMRs overlapped with regulatory elements, and DMR target genes were involved in pathways regulating cellular redox homeostasis and immune response. In addition, we found distinct changes in DNA methylation of the HOXA gene cluster whose methylation levels have previously been linked to air pollution exposure but also to carcinogenesis in several instances. The findings of this study suggest that regulatory changes in upper airway cells occur at PM10 levels below current European thresholds, some of which may be involved in the development of air pollution-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marey Messingschlager
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biology, Königin-Luise-Strasse 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Bartel-Steinbach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Josef-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Sebastian D Mackowiak
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Denkena
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Bieg
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Klös
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Seegebarth
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Straff
- Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, German Environment Agency, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Süring
- Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment, German Environment Agency, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
| | - Dominik Lermen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Josef-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center of Digital Health, Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Iyer AS, Shaik MR, Raufman JP, Xie G. The Roles of Zinc Finger Proteins in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10249. [PMID: 37373394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite colorectal cancer remaining a leading worldwide cause of cancer-related death, there remains a paucity of effective treatments for advanced disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal cancer include altered cell signaling and cell cycle regulation that may result from epigenetic modifications of gene expression and function. Acting as important transcriptional regulators of normal biological processes, zinc finger proteins also play key roles in regulating the cellular mechanisms underlying colorectal neoplasia. These actions impact cell differentiation and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, homeostasis, senescence, and maintenance of stemness. With the goal of highlighting promising points of therapeutic intervention, we review the oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of zinc finger proteins with respect to colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya S Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammed Rifat Shaik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Guofeng Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Bocian A, Kędzierawski P, Kopczyński J, Wabik O, Wawruszak A, Kiełbus M, Miziak P, Stepulak A. Kaiso Protein Expression Correlates with Overall Survival in TNBC Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010370. [PMID: 36615173 PMCID: PMC9821773 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are histologically heterogenic invasive carcinomas of no specific type that lack distinctive histological characteristics. The prognosis for women with TNBC is poor. Regardless of the applied treatments, recurrences and deaths are observed 3-5 years after the diagnosis. Thus, new diagnostic markers and targets for personalized treatment are needed. The subject of our study-the Kaiso transcription factor has been found to correlate with the invasion and progression of breast cancer. The publicly available TCGA breast cancer cohort containing Illumina HiSeq RNAseq and clinical data was explored in the study. Additionally, Kaiso protein expression was assessed in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue archive specimens using the tissue microarray technique. In this retrospective study, Kaiso protein expression (nuclear localization) was compared with several clinical factors in the cohort of 103 patients with TNBC with long follow-up time. In univariate and multivariate analysis, high Kaiso protein but not mRNA expression was correlated with better overall survival and disease-free survival, as well as with premenopausal age. The use of radiotherapy was correlated with better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). However, given the heterogeneity of TNBC and context-dependent molecular diversity of Kaiso signaling in cancer progression, these results must be taken with caution and require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bocian
- Oncological Surgery Clinic, The Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Piotr Kędzierawski
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
- Radiotherapy Department, The Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Kopczyński
- Pathology Department, The Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Olga Wabik
- Pathology Department, The Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814-486-350
| | - Michał Kiełbus
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Miziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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5
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Salam H, Ahmed S, Bari MF, Bukhari U, Haider G, Najeeb S, Mughal N. Association of Kaiso and partner proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 18:802-811. [PMID: 36852243 PMCID: PMC9957818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives 1. Identification of protein expression and subcellular localization of E-cadherin (E-cad), p120 catenin (P120ctn), and Kaiso in oral cancer (OC). 2. To study the protein expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc (Kaiso targets) and determine their relationship with the expression and localization of Kaiso. Methods Histological grading was performed in accordance with Broder's criteria. Expression and localization data for E-cad, p120ctn, Kaiso, cyclin D1, and c-Myc were acquired using immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The chi-square test was used to measure the statistical significance of associations, with p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results Of 47 OC cases, 36% showed low E-cad expression and 34% showed low p120ctn. Low Kaiso expression was recognized in 78% of tumor specimens. Aberrant cytoplasmic localization of p120ctn was seen in 80.8% cases. Cytoplasmic Kaiso localization was appreciated in 87% of tumor tissues, whereas 29.7% lacked any nuclear Kaiso. Kaiso expression was significantly associated with the expression of cyclin D1 but not with c-Myc. Conclusion The present study identified a change in the localization of Kaiso in OC. The significance of this in relation to OC and tumor prognosis needs to be investigated with further studies using larger sample sizes and more sensitive molecular tools.
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Key Words
- AJ, Adherens junction
- BTB/POZ, Broad complex
- ChIP, Chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DDRRL, Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DUHS, Dow University of Health Sciences
- E-cad, E-cadherin
- E-cadherin
- FFPE, Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded
- H&E, Hematoxylin and eosin
- HPV, Human papilloma virus
- IHC, Immunohistochemistry
- KBS, Kaiso-binding site
- Kaiso protein
- MBP, Methyl CpG DNA-binding proteins
- OC, Oral cancer
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma
- SES, Socioeconomic status
- TNM, Tumor
- Tramtrack, and Bric a brac/poxvirus and zinc finger
- ZBTB33 protein
- ZF, Zinc finger
- c-Myc, Cellular Myc proteins
- node, metastasis
- p120ctn, p120-catenin
- qPCR, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Salam
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan,Corresponding address: Department of Oral Pathology, Dr Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha campus, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Bari
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
| | - Uzma Bukhari
- Department of Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Agha Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada,Department of Evidence Synthesis, Evidentia Dental Research, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nouman Mughal
- Department of Surgery, Agha Khan University, Pakistan
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6
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Thapa B, Adhikari NP, Tiwari PB, Chapagain PP. A 5'-Flanking C/G Pair at the Core Region Enhances the Recognition and Binding of Kaiso to Methylated DNA. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 63:2095-2103. [PMID: 36563044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methyl CpG binding proteins (MBPs) are transcription factors that recognize the methylated CpG sites in DNA and mediate the DNA methylation signal into various downstream cellular processes. The C2H2 zinc finger (ZF) protein, Kaiso, also an MBP, preferentially binds to two symmetrically methylated CpG sites in DNA sequences via C-terminal C2H2 ZF domains and mediates the transcription regulation process. Investigation of the molecular mechanism of the recognition of methylated DNA (meDNA) by Kaiso is important to understand how this protein reads and translates this methylation signal into downstream transcription outcomes. Despite previous studies in Kaiso-meDNA interactions, detailed structural investigations on the sequence-specific interaction of Kaiso with the meDNA sequence are still lacking. In this work, we used molecular modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation-based computational approaches to investigate the recognition of various methylated DNA sequences by Kaiso. Our MD simulation results show that the Kaiso-meDNA interaction is sequence specific. The recognition of meDNA by Kaiso is enhanced in the MeECad sequence compared to the MeCG2 sequence. Compared to the 5'-flanking T/A pair in MeCG2, both MeCG2_mutCG and MeECad sequences show that a C/G base pair allows GLU535 of Kaiso to preferably recognize and bind the core mCpG site. The core mCGmCG site is crucial for the recognition process and formation of a stable complex. Our results reveal that the 5'-flanking nucleotides are also important for the enhanced binding and recognition of methylated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhya Thapa
- Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal.,Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bagbazar, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal
| | - Narayan P Adhikari
- Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal
| | - Purushottam B Tiwari
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Prem P Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Yeo M, Zhang Q, Ding L, Shen X, Chen Y, Liedtke W. Spinal cord dorsal horn sensory gate in preclinical models of chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy and contact dermatitis chronic itch becomes less leaky with Kcc2 gene expression-enhancing treatments. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:911606. [PMID: 36504679 PMCID: PMC9731339 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.911606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intraneuronal chloride in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) pain relay neurons is of critical relevance for physiological transmission of primary sensory afferents because low intraneuronal chloride dictates GABA-ergic and glycin-ergic neurotransmission to be inhibitory. If neuronal chloride rises to unphysiological levels, the primary sensory gate in the spinal cord dorsal horn becomes corrupted, with resulting behavioral hallmarks of hypersensitivity and allodynia, for example in pathological pain. Low chloride in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons relies on the robust gene expression of Kcc2 and sustained transporter function of the KCC2 chloride-extruding electroneutral transporter. Based on a recent report where we characterized the GSK3-inhibitory small molecule, kenpaullone, as a Kcc2 gene expression-enhancer that potently repaired diminished Kcc2 expression and KCC2 transporter function in SCDH pain relay neurons, we extend our recent findings by reporting (i) effective pain control in a preclinical model of taxol-induced painful peripheral neuropathy that was accomplished by topical application of a TRPV4/TRPA1 dual-inhibitory compound (compound 16-8), and was associated with the repair of diminished Kcc2 gene expression in the SCDH; and (ii) potent functioning of kenpaullone as an antipruritic in a DNFB contact dermatitis preclinical model. These observations suggest that effective peripheral treatment of chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy impacts the pain-transmitting neural circuit in the SCDH in a beneficial manner by enhancing Kcc2 gene expression, and that chronic pruritus might be relayed in the primary sensory gate of the spinal cord, following similar principles as pathological pain, specifically relating to the critical functioning of Kcc2 gene expression and the KCC2 transporter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Yeo
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Qiaojuan Zhang
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - LeAnne Ding
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiangjun Shen
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Yong Chen
| | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,Wolfgang Liedtke
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Tian W, Yuan H, Qin S, Liu W, Zhang B, Gu L, Zhou J, Deng D. Kaiso phosphorylation at threonine 606 leads to its accumulation in the cytoplasm, reducing its transcriptional repression of the tumor suppressor
CDH1
. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3192-3209. [PMID: 35851744 PMCID: PMC9441001 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Hongfan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Sisi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Wensu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Cancer Etiology Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute China
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9
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Liedtke W. Long March Toward Safe and Effective Analgesia by Enhancing Gene Expression of Kcc2: First Steps Taken. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:865600. [PMID: 35645734 PMCID: PMC9137411 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.865600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intraneuronal chloride in spinal cord dorsal horn pain relay neurons is critical for physiologic transmission of primary pain afferents because low intraneuronal chloride dictates whether GABA-ergic and glycin-ergic neurotransmission is inhibitory. If the neuronal chloride elevates to pathologic levels, then spinal cord primary pain relay becomes leaky and exhibits the behavioral hallmarks of pathologic pain, namely hypersensitivity and allodynia. Low chloride in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons is maintained by proper gene expression of Kcc2 and sustained physiologic function of the KCC2 chloride extruding electroneutral transporter. Peripheral nerve injury and other forms of neural injury evoke greatly diminished Kcc2 gene expression and subsequent corruption of inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn, thus causing derailment of the gate function for pain. Here I review key discoveries that have helped us understand these fundamentals, and focus on recent insights relating to the discovery of Kcc2 gene expression enhancing compounds via compound screens in neurons. One such study characterized the kinase inhibitor, kenpaullone, more in-depth, revealing its function as a robust and long-lasting analgesic in preclinical models of nerve injury and cancer bone pain, also elucidating its mechanism of action via GSK3β inhibition, diminishing delta-catenin phosphorylation, and facilitating its nuclear transfer and subsequent enhancement of Kcc2 gene expression by de-repressing Kaiso epigenetic transcriptional regulator. Future directions re Kcc2 gene expression enhancement are discussed, namely combination with other analgesics and analgesic methods, such as spinal cord stimulation and electroacupuncture, gene therapy, and leveraging Kcc2 gene expression-enhancing nanomaterials.
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Li Y, Pollock CA, Saad S. Aberrant DNA Methylation Mediates the Transgenerational Risk of Metabolic and Chronic Disease Due to Maternal Obesity and Overnutrition. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111653. [PMID: 34828259 PMCID: PMC8624316 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a rapidly evolving universal epidemic leading to acute and long-term medical and obstetric health issues, including increased maternal risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and the future risks for offspring's predisposition to metabolic diseases. Epigenetic modification, in particular DNA methylation, represents a mechanism whereby environmental effects impact on the phenotypic expression of human disease. Maternal obesity or overnutrition contributes to the alterations in DNA methylation during early life which, through fetal programming, can predispose the offspring to many metabolic and chronic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. This review aims to summarize findings from human and animal studies, which support the role of maternal obesity in fetal programing and the potential benefit of altering DNA methylation to limit maternal obesity related disease in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Nguyen K, Dobrowolski C, Shukla M, Cho WK, Luttge B, Karn J. Inhibition of the H3K27 demethylase UTX enhances the epigenetic silencing of HIV proviruses and induces HIV-1 DNA hypermethylation but fails to permanently block HIV reactivation. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010014. [PMID: 34673825 PMCID: PMC8562785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One strategy for a functional cure of HIV-1 is "block and lock", which seeks to permanently suppress the rebound of quiescent HIV-1 by epigenetic silencing. For the bivalent promoter in the HIV LTR, both histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) and DNA methylation are associated with viral suppression, while H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) is correlated with viral expression. However, H3K27me3 is readily reversed upon activation of T-cells through the T-cell receptor. In an attempt to suppress latent HIV-1 in a stable fashion, we knocked down the expression or inhibited the activity of UTX/KDM6A, the major H3K27 demethylase, and investigated its impact on latent HIV-1 reactivation in T cells. Inhibition of UTX dramatically enhanced H3K27me3 levels at the HIV LTR and was associated with increased DNA methylation. In latently infected cells from patients, GSK-J4, which is a potent dual inhibitor of the H3K27me3/me2-demethylases JMJD3/KDM6B and UTX/KDM6A, effectively suppressed the reactivation of latent HIV-1 and also induced DNA methylation at specific sites in the 5'LTR of latent HIV-1 by the enhanced recruitment of DNMT3A to HIV-1. Nonetheless, suppression of HIV-1 through epigenetic silencing required the continued treatment with GSK-J4 and was rapidly reversed after removal of the drug. DNA methylation was also rapidly lost after removal of drug, suggesting active and rapid DNA-demethylation of the HIV LTR. Thus, induction of epigenetic silencing by histone and DNA methylation appears to be insufficient to permanently silence HIV-1 proviral transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Curtis Dobrowolski
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Meenakshi Shukla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Luttge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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12
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Cusack M, King HW, Spingardi P, Kessler BM, Klose RJ, Kriaucionis S. Distinct contributions of DNA methylation and histone acetylation to the genomic occupancy of transcription factors. Genome Res 2020; 30:1393-1406. [PMID: 32963030 PMCID: PMC7605266 DOI: 10.1101/gr.257576.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications on chromatin play important roles in regulating gene expression. Although chromatin states are often governed by multilayered structure, how individual pathways contribute to gene expression remains poorly understood. For example, DNA methylation is known to regulate transcription factor binding but also to recruit methyl-CpG binding proteins that affect chromatin structure through the activity of histone deacetylase complexes (HDACs). Both of these mechanisms can potentially affect gene expression, but the importance of each, and whether these activities are integrated to achieve appropriate gene regulation, remains largely unknown. To address this important question, we measured gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and transcription factor occupancy in wild-type or DNA methylation-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells following HDAC inhibition. We observe widespread increases in chromatin accessibility at retrotransposons when HDACs are inhibited, and this is magnified when cells also lack DNA methylation. A subset of these elements has elevated binding of the YY1 and GABPA transcription factors and increased expression. The pronounced additive effect of HDAC inhibition in DNA methylation-deficient cells demonstrates that DNA methylation and histone deacetylation act largely independently to suppress transcription factor binding and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cusack
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish W King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Spingardi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Skirmantas Kriaucionis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom;
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13
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Kostouros A, Koliarakis I, Natsis K, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Tsiaoussis J. Large intestine embryogenesis: Molecular pathways and related disorders (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:27-57. [PMID: 32319546 PMCID: PMC7255481 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The large intestine, part of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), is composed of all three germ layers, namely the endoderm, the mesoderm and the ectoderm, forming the epithelium, the smooth muscle layers and the enteric nervous system, respectively. Since gastrulation, these layers develop simultaneously during embryogenesis, signaling to each other continuously until adult age. Two invaginations, the anterior intestinal portal (AIP) and the caudal/posterior intestinal portal (CIP), elongate and fuse, creating the primitive gut tube, which is then patterned along the antero‑posterior (AP) axis and the radial (RAD) axis in the context of left‑right (LR) asymmetry. These events lead to the formation of three distinct regions, the foregut, midgut and hindgut. All the above‑mentioned phenomena are under strict control from various molecular pathways, which are critical for the normal intestinal development and function. Specifically, the intestinal epithelium constitutes a constantly developing tissue, deriving from the progenitor stem cells at the bottom of the intestinal crypt. Epithelial differentiation strongly depends on the crosstalk with the adjacent mesoderm. Major molecular pathways that are implicated in the embryogenesis of the large intestine include the canonical and non‑canonical wingless‑related integration site (Wnt), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Notch and hedgehog systems. The aberrant regulation of these pathways inevitably leads to several intestinal malformation syndromes, such as atresia, stenosis, or agangliosis. Novel theories, involving the regulation and homeostasis of intestinal stem cells, suggest an embryological basis for the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, the present review article summarizes the diverse roles of these molecular factors in intestinal embryogenesis and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kostouros
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
| | - Ioannis Koliarakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
| | - Konstantinos Natsis
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki
| | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion
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14
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Shanak S, Helms V. DNA methylation and the core pluripotency network. Dev Biol 2020; 464:145-160. [PMID: 32562758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
From the onset of fertilization, the genome undergoes cell division and differentiation. All of these developmental transitions and differentiation processes include cell-specific signatures and gradual changes of the epigenome. Understanding what keeps stem cells in the pluripotent state and what leads to differentiation are fascinating and biomedically highly important issues. Numerous studies have identified genes, proteins, microRNAs and small molecules that exert essential effects. Notably, there exists a core pluripotency network that consists of several transcription factors and accessory proteins. Three eminent transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG, serve as hubs in this core pluripotency network. They bind to the enhancer regions of their target genes and modulate, among others, the expression levels of genes that are associated with Gene Ontology terms related to differentiation and self-renewal. Also, much has been learned about the epigenetic rewiring processes during these changes of cell fate. For example, DNA methylation dynamics is pivotal during embryonic development. The main goal of this review is to highlight an intricate interplay of (a) DNA methyltransferases controlling the expression levels of core pluripotency factors by modulation of the DNA methylation levels in their enhancer regions, and of (b) the core pluripotency factors controlling the transcriptional regulation of DNA methyltransferases. We discuss these processes both at the global level and in atomistic detail based on information from structural studies and from computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba Shanak
- Faculty of Science, Arab-American University, Jenin, Palestine; Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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15
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Hodges AJ, Hudson NO, Buck-Koehntop BA. Cys 2His 2 Zinc Finger Methyl-CpG Binding Proteins: Getting a Handle on Methylated DNA. J Mol Biol 2019:S0022-2836(19)30567-4. [PMID: 31628952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification involved in the maintenance of genomic stability, preservation of cellular identity, and regulation of the transcriptional landscape needed to maintain cellular function. In an increasing number of disease conditions, DNA methylation patterns are inappropriately distributed in a manner that supports the disease phenotype. Methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs) are specialized transcription factors that read and translate methylated DNA signals into recruitment of protein assemblies that can alter local chromatin architecture and transcription. MBPs thus play a key intermediary role in gene regulation for both normal and diseased cells. Here, we highlight established and potential structure-function relationships for the best characterized members of the zinc finger (ZF) family of MBPs in propagating DNA methylation signals into downstream cellular responses. Current and future investigations aimed toward expanding our understanding of ZF MBP cellular roles will provide needed mechanistic insight into normal and disease state functions, as well as afford evaluation for the potential of these proteins as epigenetic-based therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J Hodges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Nicholas O Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Bethany A Buck-Koehntop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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16
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Choi SH, Koh DI, Cho SY, Kim MK, Kim KS, Hur MW. Temporal and differential regulation of KAISO-controlled transcription by phosphorylated and acetylated p53 highlights a crucial regulatory role of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12957-12974. [PMID: 31296660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulator KAISO plays a critical role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulation of p53 acetylation by histone acetyltransferase p300. KAISO potently stimulates apoptosis in cells expressing WT p53, but not in p53-mutant or p53-null cells. Here, we investigated how KAISO transcription is regulated by p53, finding four potential p53-binding sites (p53-responsive DNA elements; p53REs) located in a distal 5'-upstream regulatory element, intron 1, exon 2 coding sequence, and a 3'-UTR region. Transient transcription assays of pG5-p53RE-Luc constructs with various p53REs revealed that p53 activates KAISO (ZBTB33) transcription by acting on p53RE1 (-4326 to -4227) of the 5'-upstream region and on p53RE3 (+2929 to +2959) of the exon 2 coding region during early DNA damage responses (DDRs). ChIP and oligonucleotide pulldown assays further disclosed that p53 binds to the p53RE1 and p53RE3 sites. Moreover, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) or ATM-Rad3-related (ATR) kinase-mediated p53 phosphorylation at Ser-15 or Ser-37 residues activated KAISO transcription by binding its p53RE1 or p53RE3 sites during early DDR. p53RE1 uniquely contained three p53-binding half-sites, a structural feature important for transcriptional activation by phosphorylated p53 Ser-15·Ser-37. During the later DDR phase, a KAISO-mediated acetylated p53 form (represented by a p53QRQ acetyl-mimic) robustly activated transcription by acting on p53RE1 in which this structural feature is not significant, but it provided sufficient KAISO levels to confer a p53 "apoptotic code." These results suggest that the critical apoptosis regulator KAISO is a p53 target gene that is differently regulated by phosphorylated p53 or acetylated p53, depending on DDR stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyun Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Cho
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sup Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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17
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Singh S, Sonkar SK, Sonkar GK, Mahdi AA. Diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review on the role of epigenetics as diagnostic and prognostic marker. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3155. [PMID: 30892801 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious microvascular complications and among the leading causes of end stage renal disease. Persistently increasing albuminuria has been considered to be the central hallmark of nephropathy. However, albuminuria can indicate kidney damage for clinicians; it is not a specific biomarker for prediction of diabetic kidney disease prior to the onset of this devastating complication, and in fact all individuals with microalbuminuria do not progress to overt nephropathy. Controlled glycemia is unable to prevent nephropathy in all diabetic individuals indicating the role of other factors in progression of diabetic kidney disease. There are numerous cellular and molecular defects persisting prior to appearance of clinical symptoms. So, there is an urgent need to look for easy, novel, and accurate way to detect diabetic kidney disease prior to its beginning or at the infancy stage so that its progression can be slowed or arrested. It is now accepted that initiation and progression of diabetic kidney disease are a result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Environmental signals can alter the intracellular pathways by chromatin modifiers and regulate gene expression patterns leading to diabetes and its complications. In the present review, we have discussed a possible link between aberrant DNA methylation and altered gene expression in diabetic kidney disease. Drugs targeting to reverse epigenetic alteration can retard or stop the development of this devastating disease, just by breaking the chain of events occurring prior to the development of this microvascular complication in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, U.P., Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, U.P., Lucknow, India
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18
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Robinson SC, Chaudhary R, Jiménez-Saiz R, Rayner LGA, Bayer L, Jordana M, Daniel JM. Kaiso-induced intestinal inflammation is preceded by diminished E-cadherin expression and intestinal integrity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217220. [PMID: 31199830 PMCID: PMC6568390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation contributes to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. While the precise etiology remains controversial, IBD is believed to manifest as a result of various factors. We previously reported that intestinal-specific overexpression of the transcription factor Kaiso results in an intestinal inflammatory response; however, the cause of this inflammation is unknown. To elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) of the Kaiso-mediated intestinal inflammatory phenotype, we evaluated two independent transgenic mouse lines that express varying levels of Kaiso (KaisoTg). Histological analyses of KaisoTg mice revealed intestinal damage including thickening of the mucosa, intestinal “lesions” and crypt abscesses, which are reminiscent of IBD pathology. Additionally, higher Kaiso levels induced intestinal neutrophilia as early as 12 weeks, which worsened as the mice aged. Notably, the Kaiso-induced intestinal inflammation correlated with a leaky intestinal barrier and mis-regulation of E-cadherin expression and localization. Interestingly, Kaiso overexpression resulted in reduced proliferation but enhanced migration of intestinal epithelial cells prior to the onset of inflammation. Collectively, these data suggest that Kaiso plays a role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell integrity and function, dysregulation of which contributes to a chronic inflammatory phenotype as mice age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roopali Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Luke Bayer
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juliet M. Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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19
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Mahmood N, Rabbani SA. DNA Methylation Readers and Cancer: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Applications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:489. [PMID: 31245293 PMCID: PMC6579900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic process that regulates chromatin structure which causes transcriptional activation or repression of genes in a context-dependent manner. In general, DNA methylation takes place when methyl groups are added to the appropriate bases on the genome by the action of "writer" molecules known as DNA methyltransferases. How these methylation marks are read and interpreted into different functionalities represents one of the main mechanisms through which the genes are switched "ON" or "OFF" and typically involves different types of "reader" proteins that can recognize and bind to the methylated regions. A tightly balanced regulation exists between the "writers" and "readers" in order to mediate normal cellular functions. However, alterations in normal methylation pattern is a typical hallmark of cancer which alters the way methylation marks are written, read and interpreted in different disease states. This unique characteristic of DNA methylation "readers" has identified them as attractive therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge on the different classes of DNA methylation "readers" identified thus far along with their normal biological functions, describe how they are dysregulated in cancer, and discuss the various anti-cancer therapies that are currently being developed and evaluated for targeting these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shafaat A Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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20
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Short SP, Barrett CW, Stengel KR, Revetta FL, Choksi YA, Coburn LA, Lintel MK, McDonough EM, Washington MK, Wilson KT, Prokhortchouk E, Chen X, Hiebert SW, Reynolds AB, Williams CS. Kaiso is required for MTG16-dependent effects on colitis-associated carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:5091-5106. [PMID: 30858547 PMCID: PMC6586520 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The myeloid translocation gene family member MTG16 is a transcriptional corepressor that relies on the DNA-binding ability of other proteins to determine specificity. One such protein is the ZBTB family member Kaiso, and the MTG16:Kaiso interaction is necessary for repression of Kaiso target genes such as matrix metalloproteinase-7. Using the azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) murine model of colitis-associated carcinoma, we previously determined that MTG16 loss accelerates tumorigenesis and inflammation. However, it was unknown whether this effect was modified by Kaiso-dependent transcriptional repression. To test for a genetic interaction between MTG16 and Kaiso in inflammatory carcinogenesis, we subjected single and double knockout (DKO) mice to the AOM/DSS protocol. Mtg16−/− mice demonstrated increased colitis and tumor burden; in contrast, disease severity in Kaiso−/− mice was equivalent to wild type controls. Surprisingly, Kaiso deficiency in the context of MTG16 loss reversed injury and pro-tumorigenic responses in the intestinal epithelium following AOM/DSS treatment, and tumor numbers were returned to near to wild type levels. Transcriptomic analysis of non-tumor colon tissue demonstrated that changes induced by MTG16 loss were widely mitigated by concurrent Kaiso loss, and DKO mice demonstrated downregulation of metabolism and cytokine-associated gene sets with concurrent activation of DNA damage checkpoint pathways as compared with Mtg16−/−. Further, Kaiso knockdown in intestinal enteroids reduced stem- and WNT-associated phenotypes, thus abrogating the induction of these pathways observed in Mtg16−/− samples. Together, these data suggest that Kaiso modifies MTG16-driven inflammation and tumorigenesis and suggests that Kaiso deregulation contributes to MTG16-dependent colitis and CAC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Caitlyn W Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kristy R Stengel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Frank L Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Yash A Choksi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mary K Lintel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McDonough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Our Lady of the Lake Children's Hospital, Baton Rouge, TN, 70808, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Egor Prokhortchouk
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Albert B Reynolds
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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21
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Cofre J, Saalfeld K, Abdelhay E. Cancer as an Embryological Phenomenon and Its Developmental Pathways: A Hypothesis regarding the Contribution of the Noncanonical Wnt Pathway. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:4714781. [PMID: 30940992 PMCID: PMC6421044 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4714781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For gastrulation to occur in human embryos, a mechanism that simultaneously regulates many different processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and invasion, is required to consistently and effectively create a human being during embryonic morphogenesis. The striking similarities in the processes of cancer and gastrulation have prompted speculation regarding the developmental pathways involved in their regulation. One of the fundamental requirements for the developmental pathways in gastrulation and cancer is the ability to respond to environmental stimuli, and it has been proposed that the Kaiso and noncanonical Wnt pathways participate in the mechanisms regulating these developmental pathways. In particular, these pathways might also explain the notable differences in invasive capacity between cancers of endodermal and mesodermal origins and cancers of ectodermal origin. Nevertheless, the available information indicates that cancer is an abnormal state of adult human cells in which developmental pathways are reactivated in inappropriate temporal and spatial contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Cofre
- Laboratório de Embriologia Molecular e Câncer, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Sala 313b, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kay Saalfeld
- Laboratório de Filogenia Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Divisão de Laboratórios do CEMO, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Young MA, May S, Damo A, Yoon YS, Hur MW, Swat W, Parry L. Epigenetic Regulation of Dlg1, via Kaiso, Alters Mitotic Spindle Polarity and Promotes Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:686-696. [PMID: 30552232 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both alterations to the epigenome and loss of polarity have been linked to cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. It has previously been demonstrated that loss of the epigenetic reader protein Kaiso suppresses intestinal tumorigenesis in the Apc+/min mouse model, in which altered polarity plays a key role. Thus, we investigated the link between Kaiso deficiency, polarity, and suppression of intestinal tumorigenesis. We used Kaiso-deficient mice to conditionally delete Apc within the intestinal epithelia and demonstrated upregulation of the spindle polarity genes Dlg1 and Dlgap1. To understand the role of Dlg1, we generated Villin-creApc+/minDlg1flx/flx Kaiso-/y mice to analyze gene expression, survival, tumor burden, and spindle orientation. In vivo analysis of the Dlg1-deficient intestine revealed improper orientation of mitotic spindles and a decreased rate of cellular migration. Loss of Dlg1 decreased survival in Apc+/min mice, validating its role as a tumor suppressor in the intestine. Significantly, the increased survival of Apc+/minKaisoy/- mice was shown to be dependent on Dlg1 expression. Taken together, these data indicate that maintenance of spindle polarity in the intestinal crypt requires appropriate regulation of Dlg1 expression. As Dlg1 loss leads to incorrect spindle orientation and a delay in cells transiting the intestinal crypt. We propose that the delayed exit from the crypt increase the window in which spontaneous mutations can become fixed, producing a "tumor-permissive" environment, without an increase in mutation rate. IMPLICATIONS: Loss of mitotic spindle polarity delays the exit of cells from the intestinal crypt and promotes a tumorigenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine A Young
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie May
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Damo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Young So Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wojiech Swat
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri
| | - Lee Parry
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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23
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Litvinova EA, Achasova KM, Borisova MA, Zhenilo SV, Prokhortchouk EB, Kozhevnikova EN. Role of the Kaiso gene in the development of inflammation in Mucin-2 defcient mice. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is constantly increasing worldwide. The main factors that have effects on the etiology of the disease are genetic, environmental and immunological. However, the mechanism of disease development and effective treatment of IBD have not yet been found. Animal models help address these problems. The most popular model is considered to be transgenic models in which individual genes are knocked out. One of such models for the study of IBD are mice with a null mutation of theMuc2gene encoding the Mucin-2 protein, which is involved in the formation of a protective mucin layer in the small and large intestine. Some of transcription factors that change the expression of intestinal genes are involved in the development of IBD and colorectal cancer. One of such transcription factors is “zinc fnger” domain-containing protein Kaiso which is able to bind to methylated DNA. In this study, we assessed the role of Kaiso in the development of intestinal inflammation using the experimental model of C57BL/6Muc2-/-Kaiso-/-. We have shown that mice with impaired intestinal barrier function that develop processes similar to human IBD also develop inflammatory responses, such as increased expression ofIl1,TnfandIl17agenes. The defciency of the Kaiso transcription factor in Mucin-2 knockout mice causes a decrease in the expression level of only theCox2andTff3genes. Perhaps a decline in the expression of the gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 can lead to a decrease in the expression of the antibacterial factor Trefoil factor 3. However, in the experimental model of IBD, Kaiso protein did not play a signifcant role in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor and interleukins 1 and 17.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S. V. Zhenilo
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, RAS, Institute of Bioengineering
| | - E. B. Prokhortchouk
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, RAS, Institute of Bioengineering
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24
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Pierre CC, Hercules SM, Yates C, Daniel JM. Dancing from bottoms up - Roles of the POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso in Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:64-74. [PMID: 30419310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso was discovered two decades ago as a binding partner for p120ctn. Since its discovery, roles for Kaiso in diverse biological processes (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, inflammation) and several signalling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, TGFβ, EGFR, Notch) have emerged. While Kaiso's biological role in normal tissues has yet to be fully elucidated, Kaiso has been increasingly implicated in multiple human cancers including colon, prostate, ovarian, lung, breast and chronic myeloid leukemia. In the majority of human cancers investigated to date, high Kaiso expression correlates with aggressive tumor characteristics including proliferation and metastasis, and/or poor prognosis. More recently, interest in Kaiso stems from its apparent correlation with racial disparities in breast and prostate cancer incidence and survival outcomes in people of African Ancestry. This review discusses Kaiso's role in various cancers, and Kaiso's potential for driving racial disparities in incidence and/or outcomes in people of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Pierre
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shawn M Hercules
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
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25
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Hudson NO, Buck-Koehntop BA. Zinc Finger Readers of Methylated DNA. Molecules 2018; 23:E2555. [PMID: 30301273 PMCID: PMC6222495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a prevalent epigenetic modification involved in regulating a number of essential cellular processes, including genomic accessibility and transcriptional outcomes. As such, aberrant alterations in global DNA methylation patterns have been associated with a growing number of disease conditions. Nevertheless, the full mechanisms by which DNA methylation information is interpreted and translated into genomic responses is not yet fully understood. Methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBPs) function as important mediators of this essential process by selectively reading DNA methylation signals and translating this information into down-stream cellular outcomes. The Cys₂His₂ zinc finger scaffold is one of the most abundant DNA binding motifs found within human transcription factors, yet only a few zinc finger containing proteins capable of conferring selectivity for mCpG over CpG sites have been characterized. This review summarizes our current structural understanding for the mechanisms by which the zinc finger MBPs evaluated to date read this essential epigenetic mark. Further, some of the biological implications for mCpG readout elicited by this family of MBPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850, USA.
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27
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The C-Terminal Zinc Fingers of ZBTB38 are Novel Selective Readers of DNA Methylation. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:258-271. [PMID: 29287967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-CpG binding proteins play an essential role in translating DNA methylation marks into a downstream transcriptional response, which has implications for both normal cell function as well as disease. Although for many of these proteins, a detailed mechanistic understanding for how this cellular process is mediated remains to be determined. ZBTB38 is an under-characterized member of the zinc finger (ZF) family of methyl-CpG binding proteins. Functional knowledge has been gained for its conserved methylated DNA binding N-terminal ZF region; however, a specific role for the C-terminal set of five ZFs remains to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate for the first time that a subset of the C-terminal ZBTB38 ZFs exhibit high-affinity DNA interactions and that preferential targeting of the consensus DNA site is methyl specific. Utilizing a hybrid approach, a model for the C-terminal ZBTB38 ZFs in complex with its cognate DNA target is proposed, providing insight into a possible novel mode of methylated DNA recognition. Furthermore, it is shown that the C-terminal ZFs of ZBTB38 can directly occupy promoters harboring the newly identified sequence motif in cell in a methyl-dependent manner and, depending on the gene context, contribute to modulating transcriptional response. Combined, these findings provide evidence for a key and novel physiological function for the C-terminal ZF domain of ZBTB38.
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28
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Diermeier SD, Chang KC, Freier SM, Song J, El Demerdash O, Krasnitz A, Rigo F, Bennett CF, Spector DL. Mammary Tumor-Associated RNAs Impact Tumor Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration. Cell Rep 2017; 17:261-274. [PMID: 27681436 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the largest and most diverse class of non-coding RNAs, comprising almost 16,000 currently annotated transcripts in human and 10,000 in mouse. Here, we investigated the role of lncRNAs in mammary tumors by performing RNA-seq on tumor sections and organoids derived from MMTV-PyMT and MMTV-Neu-NDL mice. We identified several hundred lncRNAs that were overexpressed compared to normal mammary epithelium. Among these potentially oncogenic lncRNAs we prioritized a subset as Mammary Tumor Associated RNAs (MaTARs) and determined their human counterparts, hMaTARs. To functionally validate the role of MaTARs, we performed antisense knockdown and observed reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and/or organoid branching in a cancer-specific context. Assessing the expression of hMaTARs in human breast tumors revealed that 19 hMaTARs are significantly upregulated and many of these correlate with breast cancer subtype and/or hormone receptor status, indicating potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kung-Chi Chang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Junyan Song
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Alexander Krasnitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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29
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Bassey-Archibong BI, Hercules SM, Rayner LGA, Skeete DHA, Smith Connell SP, Brain I, Daramola A, Banjo AAF, Byun JS, Gardner K, Dushoff J, Daniel JM. Kaiso is highly expressed in TNBC tissues of women of African ancestry compared to Caucasian women. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:1295-1304. [PMID: 28887687 PMCID: PMC5681979 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is most prevalent in young women of African ancestry (WAA) compared to women of other ethnicities. Recent studies found a correlation between high expression of the transcription factor Kaiso, TNBC aggressiveness, and ethnicity. However, little is known about Kaiso expression and localization patterns in TNBC tissues of WAA. Herein, we analyze Kaiso expression patterns in TNBC tissues of African (Nigerian), Caribbean (Barbados), African American (AA), and Caucasian American (CA) women. Methods Formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) TNBC tissue blocks from Nigeria and Barbados were utilized to construct a Nigerian/Barbadian tissue microarray (NB-TMA). This NB-TMA and a commercially available TMA comprising AA and CA TNBC tissues (AA-CA-YTMA) were subjected to immunohistochemistry to assess Kaiso expression and subcellular localization patterns, and correlate Kaiso expression with TNBC clinical features. Results Nigerian and Barbadian women in our study were diagnosed with TNBC at a younger age than AA and CA women. Nuclear and cytoplasmic Kaiso expression was observed in all tissues analyzed. Analysis of Kaiso expression in the NB-TMA and AA-CA-YTMA revealed that nuclear Kaiso H scores were significantly higher in Nigerian, Barbadian, and AA women compared with CA women. However, there was no statistically significant difference in nuclear Kaiso expression between Nigerian versus Barbadian women, or Barbadian versus AA women. Conclusions High levels of nuclear Kaiso expression were detected in patients with a higher degree of African heritage compared to their Caucasian counterparts, suggesting a role for Kaiso in TNBC racial disparity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10552-017-0955-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn M Hercules
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Desiree H A Skeete
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH), Bridgetown, Barbados.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Suzanne P Smith Connell
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH), Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ian Brain
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adetola Daramola
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adekunbiola A F Banjo
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jung S Byun
- Genetics Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Gardner
- Genetics Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Dushoff
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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30
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Robinson SC, Donaldson-Kabwe NS, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Longo J, He L, Daniel JM. The POZ-ZF transcription factor Znf131 is implicated as a regulator of Kaiso-mediated biological processes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:416-421. [PMID: 28882591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Znf131 belongs to the family of POZ-ZF transcription factors, but, in contrast to most other characterized POZ-ZF proteins that function as transcriptional repressors, Znf131 acts as a transcriptional activator. Znf131 heterodimerizes with the POZ-ZF protein Kaiso, which itself represses a subset of canonical Wnt target genes, including the cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1. Herein, we report a possible role for Znf131 in Kaiso-mediated processes. Notably, we found that Znf131 associates with several Kaiso target gene promoters, including that of CCND1. ChIP analysis revealed that Znf131 indirectly associates with the CCND1 promoter in HCT116 and MCF7 cells via a region that encompasses the previously characterized +69 Kaiso Binding Site, hinting that the Znf131/Kaiso heterodimer may co-regulate Cyclin D1 expression. We also demonstrate that Kaiso inhibits Znf131 expression, raising the possibility that Kaiso and Znf131 act to fine-tune target gene expression. Together, our findings implicate Znf131 as a co-regulator of Kaiso-mediated biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lloyd He
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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31
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Xue X, Zhang J, Lan H, Xu Y, Wang H. Kaiso protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against apoptosis by differentially regulating the expression of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 family members. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7116. [PMID: 28769046 PMCID: PMC5540925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury can promote the development of various cardiovascular diseases, thus, fully understanding the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of vascular endothelial cell homoeostasis may help prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. Kaiso, a zinc finger and BTB domain containing transcription factor, is key to embryonic development and cancer, but how Kaiso interacts with vascular endothelium is not fully understood. We report that Kaiso has an anti-apoptotic function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1s). Overexpression of Kaiso significantly increased cell viability and inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Kaiso increased expression of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and reduced expression of BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and BCL2-interacting killer (BIK) by differentially regulating gene promoter activity. Methylated DNA and specific Kaiso binding site (KBS) contributed to gene regulatory activity of Kaiso. In addition, p120ctn functioned cooperatively in Kaiso-mediated transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Huai Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yinli Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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Abstract
Recent technological advances have made it possible to decode DNA methylomes at single-base-pair resolution under various physiological conditions. Many aberrant or differentially methylated sites have been discovered, but the mechanisms by which changes in DNA methylation lead to observed phenotypes, such as cancer, remain elusive. The classical view of methylation-mediated protein-DNA interactions is that only proteins with a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) can interact with methylated DNA. However, evidence is emerging to suggest that transcription factors lacking a MBD can also interact with methylated DNA. The identification of these proteins and the elucidation of their characteristics and the biological consequences of methylation-dependent transcription factor-DNA interactions are important stepping stones towards a mechanistic understanding of methylation-mediated biological processes, which have crucial implications for human development and disease.
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33
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Bassey-Archibong BI, Rayner LGA, Hercules SM, Aarts CW, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Bramson JL, Hassell JA, Daniel JM. Kaiso depletion attenuates the growth and survival of triple negative breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2689. [PMID: 28333150 PMCID: PMC5386582 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are highly aggressive and lack specific targeted therapies. Recent studies have reported high expression of the transcription factor Kaiso in triple negative tumors, and this correlates with their increased aggressiveness. However, little is known about the clinical relevance of Kaiso in the growth and survival of TNBCs. Herein, we report that Kaiso depletion attenuates TNBC cell proliferation, and delays tumor onset in mice xenografted with the aggressive MDA-231 breast tumor cells. We further demonstrate that Kaiso depletion attenuates the survival of TNBC cells and increases their propensity for apoptotic-mediated cell death. Notably, Kaiso depletion downregulates BRCA1 expression in TNBC cells expressing mutant-p53 and we found that high Kaiso and BRCA1 expression correlates with a poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. Collectively, our findings reveal a role for Kaiso in the proliferation and survival of TNBC cells, and suggest a relevant role for Kaiso in the prognosis and treatment of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyndsay G A Rayner
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shawn M Hercules
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Craig W Aarts
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Zhou L, Zhong Y, Yang FH, Li ZB, Zhou J, Liu XH, Li M, Hu F. Kaiso represses the expression of glucocorticoid receptor via a methylation-dependent mechanism and attenuates the anti-apoptotic activity of glucocorticoids in breast cancer cells. BMB Rep 2017; 49:167-72. [PMID: 26424557 PMCID: PMC4915231 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaiso is a Pox Virus and Zinc Finger (POZ-ZF) transcription factor with bi-modal DNA-binding specificity. Here, we demonstrated that Kaiso expression is inversely correlated with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in breast carcinomas. Knockdown of Kaiso increased GR expression, while overexpression of Kaiso inhibited GR expression in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, Kaiso repressed GR proximal promoter-reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Remarkably, ChIP experiments demonstrated that endogenous Kaiso was associated with the GR promoter sequence in a methylation-dependent manner. Since glucocorticoids inhibit chemotherapyinduced apoptosis and have been widely used as a co-treatment of patients with breast cancer, we assessed the role of Kasio in GR-mediated anti-apoptotic effects. We found that overexpression of Kaiso attenuated the anti-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids in breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that GR is a putative target gene of Kaiso and suggest Kaiso to be a potential therapeutic target in GC-combination chemotherapy in breast cancer. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(3): 167-172]
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory; Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fang-Hui Yang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Zi-Bo Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Xie-Hong Liu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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DNA Methylation Identifies Loci Distinguishing Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Without Germ-Line MLH1/MSH2 Mutation from Sporadic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e208. [PMID: 27977020 PMCID: PMC5288582 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Roughly half of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) cases are Lynch syndrome and exhibit germ-line mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes; the other half are familial colorectal cancer (CRC) type X (FCCTX) and are MMR proficient. About 70% of Lynch syndrome tumors have germ-line MLH1 or MSH2 mutations. The clinical presentation, histopathological features, and carcinogenesis of FCCTX resemble those of sporadic MMR-proficient colorectal tumors. It is of interest to obtain biomarkers that distinguish FCCTX from sporadic microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC, to develop preventive strategies. Methods: The tumors and adjacent normal tissues of 40 patients with HNPCC were assayed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 (HM27) BeadChip to assess the DNA methylation level at about 27,000 loci. The germ-line mutation status of MLH1 and MSH2 and the microsatellite instability status in these patients were obtained. Genome-wide DNA methylation measurements of three groups of patients with general CRC were downloaded from public domain databases. Probes with DNA methylation levels that differed significantly between patients with sporadic MSS CRC and FCCTX were examined, to explore their potential as biomarkers. Results: We found that MSS HNPCC tumors were overwhelmingly hypomethylated compared with those from patient groups with other types of CRC, including germ-line MLH1/MSH2-mutated HNPCC and sporadic MSS CRC. Five gene-marker panels that exhibited a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity higher than 90% in both discovery and validation cohorts were proposed to distinguish MSS HNPCC tumors from sporadic MSS CRC. Conclusions: Our results warrant further investigation and validation. The loci identified here may become useful biomarkers for distinguishing between FCCTX and sporadic MSS CRC tumors.
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Kaiso, a transcriptional repressor, promotes cell migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells through regulation of miR-31 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5677-89. [PMID: 26734997 PMCID: PMC4868713 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaiso, a member of the BTB/POZ zinc finger protein family, functions as a transcriptional repressor by binding to sequence-specific Kaiso binding sites or to methyl-CpG dinucleotides. Previously, we demonstrated that Kaiso overexpression and nuclear localization correlated with the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, our objective was to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying Kaiso-mediated PCa progression. Comparative analysis of miRNA arrays revealed that 13 miRNAs were significantly altered (> 1.5 fold, p < 0.05) in sh-Kaiso PC-3 compared to sh-Scr control cells. Real-time PCR validated that three miRNAs (9, 31, 636) were increased in sh-Kaiso cells similar to cells treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. miR-31 expression negatively correlated with Kaiso expression and with methylation of the miR-31 promoter in a panel of PCa cell lines. ChIP assays revealed that Kaiso binds directly to the miR-31 promoter in a methylation-dependent manner. Over-expression of miR-31 decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PC-3 cells, whereas cells transfected with anti-miR-31 restored proliferation, migration and invasiveness of sh-Kaiso PC-3 cells. In PCa patients, Kaiso high/miR-31 low expression correlated with worse overall survival relative to each marker individually. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that Kaiso promotes cell migration and invasiveness through regulation of miR-31 expression.
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Pozner A, Terooatea TW, Buck-Koehntop BA. Cell-specific Kaiso (ZBTB33) Regulation of Cell Cycle through Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24538-24550. [PMID: 27694442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between aberrant DNA methylation with cancer promotion and progression has prompted an interest in discerning the associated regulatory mechanisms. Kaiso (ZBTB33) is a specialized transcription factor that selectively recognizes methylated CpG-containing sites as well as a sequence-specific DNA target. Increasing reports link ZBTB33 overexpression and transcriptional activities with metastatic potential and poor prognosis in cancer, although there is little mechanistic insight into how cells harness ZBTB33 transcriptional capabilities to promote and progress disease. Here we report mechanistic details for how ZBTB33 mediates cell-specific cell cycle regulation. By utilizing ZBTB33 depletion and overexpression studies, it was determined that in HeLa cells ZBTB33 directly occupies the promoters of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, inducing proliferation by promoting retinoblastoma phosphorylation and allowing for E2F transcriptional activity that accelerates G1- to S-phase transition. Conversely, in HEK293 cells ZBTB33 indirectly regulates cyclin E abundance resulting in reduced retinoblastoma phosphorylation, decreased E2F activity, and decelerated G1 transition. Thus, we identified a novel mechanism by which ZBTB33 mediates the cyclin D1/cyclin E1/RB1/E2F pathway, controlling passage through the G1 restriction point and accelerating cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pozner
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Tommy W Terooatea
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Jones J, Mukherjee A, Karanam B, Davis M, Jaynes J, Reams RR, Dean-Colomb W, Yates C. African Americans with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma exhibit gender differences in Kaiso expression. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:513-522. [PMID: 27424525 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kaiso, a bi-modal transcription factor, regulates gene expression, and is elevated in breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Depletion of Kaiso in other cancer types leads to a reduction in markers for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Jones et al., 2014), however its clinical implications in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDCA) have not been widely explored. PDCA is rarely detected at an early stage but is characterized by rapid progression and invasiveness. We now report the significance of the subcellular localization of Kaiso in PDCAs from African Americans. Kaiso expression is higher in the cytoplasm of invasive and metastatic pancreatic cancers. In males, cytoplasmic expression of Kaiso correlates with cancer grade and lymph node positivity. In male and female patients, cytoplasmic Kaiso expression correlates with invasiveness. Also, nuclear expression of Kaiso increases with increased invasiveness and lymph node positivity. Further, analysis of the largest PDCA dataset available on ONCOMINE shows that as Kaiso increases, there is an overall increase in Zeb1, which is the inverse for E-cadherin. Hence, these findings suggest a role for Kaiso in the progression of PDCAs, involving the EMT markers, E-cadherin and Zeb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Jones
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA
| | - Angana Mukherjee
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA
| | - Balasubramanyam Karanam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Melissa Davis
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jesse Jaynes
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - R Renee Reams
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | | | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
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Ludwig AK, Zhang P, Cardoso MC. Modifiers and Readers of DNA Modifications and Their Impact on Genome Structure, Expression, and Stability in Disease. Front Genet 2016; 7:115. [PMID: 27446199 PMCID: PMC4914596 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine base modifications in mammals underwent a recent expansion with the addition of several naturally occurring further modifications of methylcytosine in the last years. This expansion was accompanied by the identification of the respective enzymes and proteins reading and translating the different modifications into chromatin higher order organization as well as genome activity and stability, leading to the hypothesis of a cytosine code. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art on DNA modifications, the enzyme families setting the cytosine modifications and the protein families reading and translating the different modifications with emphasis on the mouse protein homologs. Throughout this review, we focus on functional and mechanistic studies performed on mammalian cells, corresponding mouse models and associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Ludwig
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt Germany
| | - Peng Zhang
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt Germany
| | - M C Cardoso
- Cell Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt Germany
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Bassey-Archibong BI, Kwiecien JM, Milosavljevic SB, Hallett RM, Rayner LGA, Erb MJ, Crawford-Brown CJ, Stephenson KB, Bédard PA, Hassell JA, Daniel JM. Kaiso depletion attenuates transforming growth factor-β signaling and metastatic activity of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e208. [PMID: 26999717 PMCID: PMC4815049 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) represent a subset of breast tumors that are highly aggressive and metastatic, and are responsible for a disproportionate number of breast cancer-related deaths. Several studies have postulated a role for the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in the increased aggressiveness and metastatic propensity of TNBCs. Although EMT is essential for early vertebrate development and wound healing, it is frequently co-opted by cancer cells during tumorigenesis. One prominent signaling pathway involved in EMT is the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway. In this study, we report that the novel POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso is highly expressed in TNBCs and correlates with a shorter metastasis-free survival. Notably, Kaiso expression is induced by the TGFβ pathway and silencing Kaiso expression in the highly invasive breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (hereafter MDA-231) and Hs578T, attenuated the expression of several EMT-associated proteins (Vimentin, Slug and ZEB1), abrogated TGFβ signaling and TGFβ-dependent EMT. Moreover, Kaiso depletion attenuated the metastasis of TNBC cells (MDA-231 and Hs578T) in a mouse model. Although high Kaiso and high TGFβR1 expression is associated with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients, overexpression of a kinase-active TGFβR1 in the Kaiso-depleted cells was insufficient to restore the metastatic potential of these cells, suggesting that Kaiso is a key downstream component of TGFβ-mediated pro-metastatic responses. Collectively, these findings suggest a critical role for Kaiso in TGFβ signaling and the metastasis of TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - S B Milosavljevic
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - R M Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - L G A Rayner
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M J Erb
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - K B Stephenson
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P-A Bédard
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Patel DJ. A Structural Perspective on Readout of Epigenetic Histone and DNA Methylation Marks. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:a018754. [PMID: 26931326 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article outlines the protein modules that target methylated lysine histone marks and 5mC DNA marks, and the molecular principles underlying recognition. The article focuses on the structural basis underlying readout of isolated marks by single reader molecules, as well as multivalent readout of multiple marks by linked reader cassettes at the histone tail and nucleosome level. Additional topics addressed include the role of histone mimics, cross talk between histone marks, technological developments at the genome-wide level, advances using chemical biology approaches, the linkage between histone and DNA methylation, the role for regulatory lncRNAs, and the promise of chromatin-based therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Department, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
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42
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Pierre CC, Longo J, Bassey-Archibong BI, Hallett RM, Milosavljevic S, Beatty L, Hassell JA, Daniel JM. Methylation-dependent regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha gene expression by the transcription factor Kaiso. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1432-41. [PMID: 26514431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) is a common characteristic of solid tumors and strongly correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. In response to hypoxia, cells initiate a cascade of transcriptional events regulated by the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) heterodimer. Since the oxygen-sensitive HIF-1α subunit is stabilized during hypoxia, it functions as the regulatory subunit of the protein. To date, while the mechanisms governing HIF-1α protein stabilization and function have been well studied, those governing HIF1A gene expression are not fully understood. However, recent studies have suggested that methylation of a HIF-1 binding site in the HIF1A promoter prevents its autoregulation. Here we report that the POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso modulates HIF1A gene expression by binding to the methylated HIF1A promoter in a region proximal to the autoregulatory HIF-1 binding site. Interestingly, Kaiso's regulation of HIF1A occurs primarily during hypoxia, which is consistent with the finding that Kaiso protein levels peak after 4 h of hypoxic incubation and return to normoxic levels after 24 h. Our data thus support a role for Kaiso in fine-tuning HIF1A gene expression after extended periods of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Pierre
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Robin M Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Laura Beatty
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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Pierre CC, Longo J, Mavor M, Milosavljevic SB, Chaudhary R, Gilbreath E, Yates C, Daniel JM. Kaiso overexpression promotes intestinal inflammation and potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1846-55. [PMID: 26073433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a key contributor to colorectal cancer (CRC). Although inactivation of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is recognized as an early event in CRC development, it is the accumulation of multiple subsequent oncogenic insults facilitates malignant transformation. One potential contributor to colorectal carcinogenesis is the POZ-ZF transcription factor Kaiso, whose depletion extends lifespan and delays polyp onset in the widely used Apc(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal cancer. These findings suggested that Kaiso potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis, but this was paradoxical as Kaiso was previously implicated as a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To resolve Kaiso's role in intestinal tumorigenesis and canonical Wnt signaling, we generated a transgenic mouse model (Kaiso(Tg/+)) expressing an intestinal-specific myc-tagged Kaiso transgene. We then mated Kaiso(Tg/+) and Apc(Min/+) mice to generate Kaiso(Tg/+):Apc(Min/+) mice for further characterization. Kaiso(Tg/+):Apc(Min/+) mice exhibited reduced lifespan and increased polyp multiplicity compared to Apc(Min/+) mice. Consistent with this murine phenotype, we found increased Kaiso expression in human CRC tissue, supporting a role for Kaiso in human CRC. Interestingly, Wnt target gene expression was increased in Kaiso(Tg/+):Apc(Min/+) mice, suggesting that Kaiso's function as a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, as seen in Xenopus, is not maintained in this context. Notably, Kaiso(Tg/+):Apc(Min/+) mice exhibited increased inflammation and activation of NFκB signaling compared to their Apc(Min/+) counterparts. This phenotype was consistent with our previous report that Kaiso(Tg/+) mice exhibit chronic intestinal inflammation. Together our findings highlight a role for Kaiso in promoting Wnt signaling, inflammation and tumorigenesis in the mammalian intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Pierre
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Meaghan Mavor
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Roopali Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ebony Gilbreath
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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44
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Qin S, Zhang B, Tian W, Gu L, Lu Z, Deng D. Kaiso mainly locates in the nucleus in vivo and binds to methylated, but not hydroxymethylated DNA. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:148-55. [PMID: 25937776 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kaiso is upregulated in many cancers and proposed to bind with both methylated- and unmethylated-DNA in the nucleus as a transcriptional repressor. The objective is to define its subcellular localization in vivo and exact binding DNA sequences in cells. METHODS Compartmentalization of exogenous Kaiso in cells was tracked with enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) tag. The endogenous Kaiso expression in gastric carcinoma tissue was examined with immunohistochemical staining. Kaiso-DNA binding was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). RESULTS Kaiso mainly localized in the nucleus of cancer and stromal cells in vivo, but remained in the cytoplasm of cultured cells. Most importantly, nuclear Kaiso can bind with the methylated-CGCG-containing sequence in the CDKN2A promoter, but not with the hydroxymethylated-CGCG sequence in HCT116 cells. CONCLUSIONS Kaiso locates mainly in the nucleus in vivo where it binds with the methylated-CGCG sequences, but does not bind with the hydroxymethylated-CGCG sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zheming Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Shim J, Kim Y, Humphreys GI, Nardulli AM, Kosari F, Vasmatzis G, Taylor WR, Ahlquist DA, Myong S, Bashir R. Nanopore-based assay for detection of methylation in double-stranded DNA fragments. ACS NANO 2015; 9:290-300. [PMID: 25569824 DOI: 10.1021/nn5045596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of DNA in which methyl groups are added at the 5-carbon position of cytosine. Aberrant DNA methylation, which has been associated with carcinogenesis, can be assessed in various biological fluids and potentially can be used as markers for detection of cancer. Analytically sensitive and specific assays for methylation targeting low-abundance and fragmented DNA are needed for optimal clinical diagnosis and prognosis. We present a nanopore-based direct methylation detection assay that circumvents bisulfite conversion and polymerase chain reaction amplification. Building on our prior work, we used methyl-binding proteins (MBPs), which selectively label the methylated DNA. The nanopore-based assay selectively detects methylated DNA/MBP complexes through a 19 nm nanopore with significantly deeper and prolonged nanopore ionic current blocking, while unmethylated DNA molecules were not detectable due to their smaller diameter. Discrimination of hypermethylated and unmethylated DNA on 90, 60, and 30 bp DNA fragments was demonstrated using sub-10 nm nanopores. Hypermethylated DNA fragments fully bound with MBPs are differentiated from unmethylated DNA at 2.1- to 6.5-fold current blockades and 4.5- to 23.3-fold transport durations. Furthermore, these nanopore assays can detect the CpG dyad in DNA fragments and could someday profile the position of methylated CpG sites on DNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwook Shim
- Department of Bioengineering, ‡Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, and §Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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46
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Abstract
In today's world, the pursuit of a novel anti-cancer agent remains top priority because of the fact that the global burden of this malady is continuously increasing. Our work is no different from others in searching for new therapeutic solutions. To achieve this, we are looking into Epigenetics, the phenomenon governed by hypermethylation and hypomethylation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, respectively. Our target for this study is an important intermediary methyl-CpG binding protein named kaiso. In our study, we have used the X-ray crystallographic structure of Kaiso for virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations to study the binding modes of possible inhibitors. The C2H2 domain comprising LYS539 was used for screening the inter bio screen Database having 48,531 natural compounds. Our approach of using computer-aided drug designing methods helped us to remove the execrable compounds and narrowed our focus on a selected few for molecular simulation studies. The top ranked compound (chem. ID 28127) exhibited the highest binding affinity and was also found to be stable throughout the 20 ns timeframe. This compound is therefore a good starting point for developing strong inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Anjum Chikan
- a Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology , VIT University , Vellore 632014 , Tamilnadu , India
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47
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Koh DI, Han D, Ryu H, Choi WI, Jeon BN, Kim MK, Kim Y, Kim JY, Parry L, Clarke AR, Reynolds AB, Hur MW. KAISO, a critical regulator of p53-mediated transcription of CDKN1A and apoptotic genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15078-83. [PMID: 25288747 PMCID: PMC4210320 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318780111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An unresolved issue in genotoxic stress response is identification of induced regulatory proteins and how these activate tumor suppressor p53 to determine appropriate cell responses. Transcription factor KAISO was previously described to repress transcription following binding to methylated DNA. In this study, we show that KAISO is induced by DNA damage in p53-expressing cells and then interacts with the p53-p300 complex to increase acetylation of p53 K320 and K382 residues, although decreasing K381 acetylation. Moreover, the p53 with this particular acetylation pattern shows increased DNA binding and potently induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by activating transcription of CDKN1A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1) and various apoptotic genes. Analogously, in Kaiso KO mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, p53-to-promoter binding and up-regulation of p21 and apoptosis gene expression is significantly compromised. KAISO may therefore be a critical regulator of p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to various genotoxic stresses in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-In Koh
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Bu-Nam Jeon
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea
| | - Lee Parry
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Alan R Clarke
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Albert B Reynolds
- Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2175
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, Korea;
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48
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Li X, Yang N, Zhang Y, Li H, Yin T, Sun L, Li G. Sensitive Detection of Transcription Factor Kaiso via Self-Assembly of DNA on an Electrode Surface. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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49
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Shumskaya VS, Zhigalova NA, Prokhorchouk AV, Prokhorchouk EB. Distribution of Kaiso protein in mouse tissues. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:29-43. [PMID: 25182933 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Kaiso protein was originally described as a BTB/POZ zinc-finger transcription factor and a p120-catenin-binding partner. It is a DNA methylation-dependent transcriptional repressor, but its biological role in mice is still unknown. Here, we characterized a Kaiso-specific antibody by examining Kaiso protein distribution by immunofluorescence microscopy in the following tissues and cell types of adult mice: skin, small intestine, mammary glands, urinary bladder, and others. This study is the first to demonstrate that Kaiso is expressed in most of the examined tissues. Kaiso was localized to the nucleus in almost all tissues. However, it was primarily cytoplasmic in photoreceptor cells in the eye (rods and cones). Furthermore, Kaiso is expressed in a specific subset of male germ cells that are characterized by partly positive PLZF and Bmi-1 staining. In this study, we present the first confirmation of the reliability of expression data using Kaiso knockout mice.
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50
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Vaiopoulos AG, Athanasoula KC, Papavassiliou AG. Epigenetic modifications in colorectal cancer: Molecular insights and therapeutic challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:971-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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