1
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Zhang C, Qin M. Extracellular vesicles targeting tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126300. [PMID: 37573911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a prevalent neoplastic condition affecting women. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized membrane vesicles, are secreted by various cells in both physiological and pathological states. The profound interplay between EVs and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in ovarian cancer is crucial. In this review, we explores the pivotal role of EVs in facilitating intercellular communication between cancer cells and the TME, emphasizing the potential of EVs as promising diagnostic markers and innovative therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. The comprehensive analysis outlines the specific mechanisms by which EVs engage in communication with the constituents of the TME, including the modulation of tumor growth through EVs carrying matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and EV-mediated inhibition of angiogenesis, among other factors. Additionally, the we discuss the potential clinical applications of EVs that target the TME in ovarian cancer, encompassing the establishment of novel treatment strategies and the identification of novel biomarkers for early detection and prognosis. Finally, this review identifies novel strategies for therapeutic interventions, such as utilizing EVs as carriers for drug delivery and targeting specific EV-mediated signaling pathways. In summary, this manuscript offers valuable insights into the role of EVs in ovarian cancer and highlights the significance of comprehending intercellular communication in the realm of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Meiying Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
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2
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van der Haar Àvila I, Windhouwer B, van Vliet SJ. Current state-of-the-art on ganglioside-mediated immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:941-958. [PMID: 37266839 PMCID: PMC10584724 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialylated glycolipids, mainly present at the cell surface membrane, involved in a variety of cellular signaling events. During malignant transformation, the composition of these glycosphingolipids is altered, leading to structural and functional changes, which are often negatively correlated to patient survival. Cancer cells have the ability to shed gangliosides into the tumor microenvironment, where they have a strong impact on anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression. Since most ganglioside species show prominent immunosuppressive activities, they might be considered checkpoint molecules released to counteract ongoing immunosurveillance. In this review, we highlight the current state-of-the-art on the ganglioside-mediated immunomodulation, specified for the different immune cells and individual gangliosides. In addition, we address the dual role that certain gangliosides play in the tumor microenvironment. Even though some ganglioside species have been more extensively studied than others, they are proven to contribute to the defense mechanisms of the tumor and should be regarded as promising therapeutic targets for inclusion in future immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van der Haar Àvila
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britt Windhouwer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Lee YG, Yang N, Chun I, Porazzi P, Carturan A, Paruzzo L, Sauter CT, Guruprasad P, Pajarillo R, Ruella M. Apoptosis: a Janus bifrons in T-cell immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005967. [PMID: 37055217 PMCID: PMC10106075 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. In particular, immune checkpoint blockade, bispecific antibodies, and adoptive T-cell transfer have yielded unprecedented clinical results in hematological malignancies and solid cancers. While T cell-based immunotherapies have multiple mechanisms of action, their ultimate goal is achieving apoptosis of cancer cells. Unsurprisingly, apoptosis evasion is a key feature of cancer biology. Therefore, enhancing cancer cells' sensitivity to apoptosis represents a key strategy to improve clinical outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, cancer cells are characterized by several intrinsic mechanisms to resist apoptosis, in addition to features to promote apoptosis in T cells and evade therapy. However, apoptosis is double-faced: when it occurs in T cells, it represents a critical mechanism of failure for immunotherapies. This review will summarize the recent efforts to enhance T cell-based immunotherapies by increasing apoptosis susceptibility in cancer cells and discuss the role of apoptosis in modulating the survival of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment and potential strategies to overcome this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Inkook Chun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alberto Carturan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Christopher Tor Sauter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Puneeth Guruprasad
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymone Pajarillo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Cao S, Hu X, Ren S, Wang Y, Shao Y, Wu K, Yang Z, Yang W, He G, Li X. The biological role and immunotherapy of gangliosides and GD3 synthase in cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1076862. [PMID: 36824365 PMCID: PMC9941352 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1076862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a large subfamily of glycosphingolipids that broadly exist in the nervous system and interact with signaling molecules in the lipid rafts. GD3 and GD2 are two types of disialogangliosides (GDs) that include two sialic acid residues. The expression of GD3 and GD2 in various cancers is mostly upregulated and is involved in tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immune responses. GD3 synthase (GD3S, ST8SiaI), a subclass of sialyltransferases, regulates the biosynthesis of GD3 and GD2. GD3S is also upregulated in most tumors and plays an important role in the development and progression of tumors. Many clinical trials targeting GD2 are ongoing and various immunotherapy studies targeting gangliosides and GD3S are gradually attracting much interest and attention. This review summarizes the function, molecular mechanisms, and ongoing clinical applications of GD3, GD2, and GD3S in abundant types of tumors, which aims to provide novel targets for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangqi Cao
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Hu
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangqing Ren
- 2Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxiang Shao
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kan Wu
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- 3Department of Urology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Weixiao Yang
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- 4State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Gu He, ; Xiang Li,
| | - Xiang Li
- 1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Gu He, ; Xiang Li,
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The Molecular and Cellular Strategies of Glioblastoma and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Conferring Radioresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113577. [PMID: 36362359 PMCID: PMC9656305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to play a crucial role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that radiotherapy can offer only palliation owing to the radioresistance of GBM and NSCLC. Therefore, delineating the major radioresistance mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic approaches to sensitize these diseases to IR and improve patient outcomes. This review provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GBM and NSCLC radioresistance, where it sheds light on the role played by cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as discusses comprehensively how the cellular dormancy/non-proliferating state and polyploidy impact on their survival and relapse post-IR exposure.
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6
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He X, Guan F, Lei L. Structure and function of glycosphingolipids on small extracellular vesicles. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:197-205. [PMID: 35201531 PMCID: PMC8866925 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-delineated particles secreted by most types of cells under both normal and pathophysiological conditions. EVs are believed to mediate intercellular communication by serving as carriers of different bioactive ingredients, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Glycoconjugates are complex molecules consisting of covalently linked carbohydrate with proteins or lipids. These glycoconjugates play essential roles in the sorting of vesicular protein and the uptake of small extracellular vesicles (30–100 nm, sEVs) into recipient cells. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), one subtype of glycolipids, which are ubiquitous membrane components in almost all living organisms, are also commonly distributed on sEVs. However, the study of functional roles of GSLs on sEVs are far behind than other functional cargos. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of GSLs on sEVs. Initially, we described classification and structure of GSLs. Then, we briefly introduced the essential functions of GSLs, which are able to interact with functional membrane proteins, such as growth factor receptors, integrins and tetraspanins, to modulate cell growth, adhesion and cell motility. In addition, we discussed analytical methods for studying GSLs on sEVs. Finally, we focused on the function of GSLs on sEVs, including regulating the aggregation of extracellular α-synuclein (α-syn) or extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and influencing tumor cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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7
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Zhong E, Brogi E, D’Alfonso TM, Wen H, Frosina D, Cheung NK, Jungbluth AA, Ross DS. Expression Analysis of GD2 by Immunohistochemistry in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Clinical and Pathologic Correlation. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:113-118. [PMID: 34545847 PMCID: PMC8857015 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The glycosphingolipid disialoganglioside GD2 is a cell surface-associated antigen expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin that serves as a target of immunotherapy in select cancer types. Information about the expression of GD2 in breast cancer is limited. In the present study, we investigate the utility of GD2 as a potential biomarker for targeted treatment. The study cohort consists of 386 breast carcinomas of several histologic types. GD2 expression was assessed in both whole tumor sections and tissue microarrays with anti-GD2 3F8 monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes. A total of 134 (35%) breast carcinomas were positive for GD2, with a median H-score of 100. 3F8 staining displayed granular and predominantly cytoplasmic or perinuclear patterns, which was confined to the neoplastic tissue in nearly all cases. GD2 positivity was significantly associated with tumor histologic type (P=0.0015), low grade (P<0.0001), estrogen receptor positivity (P<0.0001), low stage (P=0.0014), and multifocality (P=0.022). Event-free survival and overall survival of patients with GD2-positive and GD2-negative tumors were not significantly different. Our results support further assessment of GD2 using the 3F8 antibody as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy M. D’Alfonso
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Frosina
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nai-Kong Cheung
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A. Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dara S. Ross
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Visser EA, Moons SJ, Timmermans SBPE, de Jong H, Boltje TJ, Büll C. Sialic acid O-acetylation: From biosynthesis to roles in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100906. [PMID: 34157283 PMCID: PMC8319020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are nine-carbon sugars that frequently cap glycans at the cell surface in cells of vertebrates as well as cells of certain types of invertebrates and bacteria. The nine-carbon backbone of sialic acids can undergo extensive enzymatic modification in nature and O-acetylation at the C-4/7/8/9 position in particular is widely observed. In recent years, the detection and analysis of O-acetylated sialic acids have advanced, and sialic acid-specific O-acetyltransferases (SOATs) and O-acetylesterases (SIAEs) that add and remove O-acetyl groups, respectively, have been identified and characterized in mammalian cells, invertebrates, bacteria, and viruses. These advances now allow us to draw a more complete picture of the biosynthetic pathway of the diverse O-acetylated sialic acids to drive the generation of genetically and biochemically engineered model cell lines and organisms with altered expression of O-acetylated sialic acids for dissection of their roles in glycoprotein stability, development, and immune recognition, as well as discovery of novel functions. Furthermore, a growing number of studies associate sialic acid O-acetylation with cancer, autoimmunity, and infection, providing rationale for the development of selective probes and inhibitors of SOATs and SIAEs. Here, we discuss the current insights into the biosynthesis and biological functions of O-acetylated sialic acids and review the evidence linking this modification to disease. Furthermore, we discuss emerging strategies for the design, synthesis, and potential application of unnatural O-acetylated sialic acids and inhibitors of SOATs and SIAEs that may enable therapeutic targeting of this versatile sialic acid modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A Visser
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sam J Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne B P E Timmermans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen de Jong
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Brettschneider EES, Terabe M. The Role of NKT Cells in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071641. [PMID: 34208864 PMCID: PMC8307781 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive and deadly cancer, but to date, immunotherapies have failed to make significant strides in improving prognoses for glioblastoma patients. One of the current challenges to developing immunological interventions for glioblastoma is our incomplete understanding of the numerous immunoregulatory mechanisms at play in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. We propose that Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, which are unconventional T lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules, may play a key immunoregulatory role in glioblastoma. For example, evidence suggests that the activation of type I NKT cells can facilitate anti-glioblastoma immune responses. On the other hand, type II NKT cells are known to play an immunosuppressive role in other cancers, as well as to cross-regulate type I NKT cell activity, although their specific role in glioblastoma remains largely unclear. This review provides a summary of our current understanding of NKT cells in the immunoregulation of glioblastoma as well as highlights the involvement of NKT cells in other cancers and central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. S. Brettschneider
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-760-6731
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Sarbu M, Petrica L, Clemmer DE, Vukelić Ž, Zamfir AD. Gangliosides of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Comprehensive Mapping and Structural Analysis by Ion Mobility Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1249-1257. [PMID: 33900081 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant, highly aggressive, grade IV brain tumor, which rapidly infiltrates into the nearby tissue, has drawn a significant amount of attention because of its poor prognosis and the limited treatment options available. In GBM, nearly all tumor cells exhibit aberrant cell-surface glycosylation patterns due to the alteration of their biosynthesis or postsynthesis modification process. Since gangliosides (GGs) are acknowledged as tumor-associated antigens, we have carried out here a comprehensive profiling of native ganglioside mixtures extracted and purified from GBM specimens. For this purpose, high performance ion mobility separation mass spectrometry (IMS MS) was thoroughly optimized to allow the discovery of GBM-specific structures and the assessment of their roles as tumor markers or possible associated antigens. GG separation by IMS according to the charge state, carbohydrate chain length, degree of sialylation, and ceramide composition led to the identification of no less than 160 distinct components, which represents 3-fold the number of structures identified before. The detected GGs and asialo-GGs were found characterized by a high heterogeneity in their ceramide and glycan compositions, encompassing up five Neu5Ac residues. The tumor was found dominated in equal and high proportions by GD3 and GT1 forms, with a particular incidence of C24:1 fatty acids in the ceramide. By the occurrence of only one mobility feature and the diagnostic fragment ions, the IMS tandem MS conducted using collision-induced dissociation (CID) disclosed for the first time the presence of GT1c(d18:1/24:1) newly proposed here as a potential GBM marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sarbu
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224, Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, West University of Timisoara, 300223, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara and Centers for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Diseases, Translational Research and Systems and Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041, Timisoara, Romania
| | - David E Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Arts and Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Alina D Zamfir
- Department of Condensed Matter, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 300224, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University of Arad, 310130, Arad, Romania
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11
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Shu S, Matsuzaki J, Want MY, Conway A, Benjamin-Davalos S, Allen CL, Koroleva M, Battaglia S, Odunsi A, Minderman H, Ernstoff MS. An Immunosuppressive Effect of Melanoma-derived Exosomes on NY-ESO-1 Antigen-specific Human CD8 + T Cells is Dependent on IL-10 and Independent of BRAF V600E Mutation in Melanoma Cell Lines. Immunol Invest 2020; 49:744-757. [PMID: 32799717 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1803353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, including human melanoma-derived exosomes (HMEX), are known to suppress the function of immune effector cells, which for HMEX has been associated with the surface presence of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. This study investigated the relationship between the BRAF mutational status of melanoma cells and the inhibition of secreted HMEX exosomes on antigen-specific human T cells. Exosomes were isolated from two melanoma cell lines, 2183-Her4 and 888-mel, which are genetically wild-type BRAFWT and BRAFV600E, respectively. HMEX were isolated using a modified, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method shown to reduce co-isolation of non-exosome-associated cytokines compared to ultracentrifugation isolation. The immunoinhibitory effect of the exosomes was tested in vitro on patient-derived NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells challenged with NY-ESO-1 antigen. HMEX from both cell lines inhibited the immune response of antigen-specific T cells comparably, as evidenced by the reduction of IFN-γ and TNF-α in NY-ESO-1 tetramer-positive cells. This inhibition could be partially reversed by the presence of anti-PD-L1 and anti-IL-10 antibodies. IL-10 has been demonstrated to be a critical pathway for sustaining enhanced tumorigenesis in BRAFV600E mutant cells compared to BRAFWT melanoma cells. Thus, we demonstrate that HMEX inhibit antigen-specific T cell responses independent of the BRAF mutational status of the parent cells. In addition, PD-L1 and IL-10 contribute to the HMEX-mediated immunosuppression of antigen-specific human T cells. The inhibitory capacity of exosomes should be taken into consideration when developing therapies that are reliant upon the potency of customized, antigen-specific effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShinLa Shu
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Muzamil Y Want
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Conway
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Cheryl L Allen
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marina Koroleva
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adekunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY, USA
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Wang Y, Lu J, Jiang B, Guo J. The roles of curcumin in regulating the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3059-3070. [PMID: 32256807 PMCID: PMC7074405 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a harmful threat to human health. In addition to surgery, a variety of anticancer drugs are increasingly used in cancer therapy; however, despite the developments in multimodality treatment, the morbidity and mortality of patients with cancer patients are on the increase. The tumor-specific immunosuppressive microenvironment serves an important function in tumor tolerance and escape from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Therefore, identifying new drugs or foods that can enhance the tumor immune response is critical to develop improved cancer prevention methods and treatment. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound extracted from ginger, has been shown to effectively inhibit tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis in a variety of tumors. Recent studies have also indicated that curcumin can modulate the tumor immune response and remodel the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, indicating its potential in the immunotherapy of cancer. In this review, a brief introduction to the effects of curcumin on the tumor immune response and tumor immune microenvironment is provided and recent clinical trials investigating the potential of curcumin in cancer therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Bolun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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13
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Cavdarli S, Yamakawa N, Clarisse C, Aoki K, Brysbaert G, Le Doussal JM, Delannoy P, Guérardel Y, Groux-Degroote S. Profiling of O-acetylated Gangliosides Expressed in Neuroectoderm Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010370. [PMID: 31935967 PMCID: PMC6981417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and biological functions of oncofetal markers GD2 and GD3 were extensively studied in neuroectoderm-derived cancers in order to characterize their potential as therapeutic targets. Using immunological approaches, we previously identified GD3, GD2, and OAcGD2 expression in breast cancer (BC) cell lines. However, antibodies specific for O-acetylated gangliosides are not exempt of limitations, as they only provide information on the expression of a limited set of O-acetylated ganglioside species. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to use structural approaches in order to apprehend ganglioside diversity in melanoma, neuroblastoma, and breast cancer cells, focusing on O-acetylated species that are usually lost under alkaline conditions and require specific analytical procedures. We used purification and extraction methods that preserve the O-acetyl modification for the analysis of native gangliosides by MALDI-TOF. We identified the expression of GM1, GM2, GM3, GD2, GD3, GT2, and GT3 in SK-Mel28 (melanoma), LAN-1 (neuroblastoma), Hs 578T, SUM 159PT, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 (BC), and BC cell lines over-expressing GD3 synthase. Among O-acetylated gangliosides, we characterized the expression of OAcGM1, OAcGD3, OAcGD2, OAcGT2, and OAcGT3. Furthermore, the experimental procedure allowed us to clearly identify the position of the sialic acid residue that carries the O-acetyl group on b- and c-series gangliosides by MS/MS fragmentation. These results show that ganglioside O-acetylation occurs on both inner and terminal sialic acid residue in a cell type-dependent manner, suggesting different O-acetylation pathways for gangliosides. They also highlight the limitation of immuno-detection for the complete identification of O-acetylated ganglioside profiles in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Cavdarli
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.C.); (N.Y.); (C.C.); (G.B.); (P.D.); (Y.G.)
- OGD2 Pharma, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France;
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.C.); (N.Y.); (C.C.); (G.B.); (P.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Charlotte Clarisse
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.C.); (N.Y.); (C.C.); (G.B.); (P.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Guillaume Brysbaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.C.); (N.Y.); (C.C.); (G.B.); (P.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jean-Marc Le Doussal
- OGD2 Pharma, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l’Université de Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France;
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.C.); (N.Y.); (C.C.); (G.B.); (P.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.C.); (N.Y.); (C.C.); (G.B.); (P.D.); (Y.G.)
| | - Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576–UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.C.); (N.Y.); (C.C.); (G.B.); (P.D.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kim BH, Ju WS, Kim JS, Kim SU, Park SJ, Ward SM, Lyu JH, Choo YK. Effects of Gangliosides on Spermatozoa, Oocytes, and Preimplantation Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E106. [PMID: 31877897 PMCID: PMC6982094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, which are the most abundant family of glycolipids in eukaryotes. Gangliosides have been suggested to be important lipid molecules required for the control of cellular procedures, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and signaling. GD1a is expressed in interstitial cells during ovarian maturation in mice and exogenous GD1a is important to oocyte maturation, monospermic fertilization, and embryonic development. In this context, GM1 is known to influence signaling pathways in cells and is important in sperm-oocyte interactions and sperm maturation processes, such as capacitation. GM3 is expressed in the vertebrate oocyte cytoplasm, and exogenously added GM3 induces apoptosis and DNA injury during in vitro oocyte maturation and embryogenesis. As a consequence of this, ganglioside GT1b and GM1 decrease DNA fragmentation and act as H2O2 inhibitors on germ cells and preimplantation embryos. This review describes the functional roles of gangliosides in spermatozoa, oocytes, and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyun Kim
- CHA Fertility Center, 5455 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA;
| | - Won Seok Ju
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea; (W.S.J.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Neongme-gil, Ibam-myeon, Jeongup-si, Jeonvuk 56216, Korea;
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea;
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea; (W.S.J.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Sean M. Ward
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.M.W.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ju Hyeong Lyu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.M.W.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Young-Kug Choo
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea; (W.S.J.); (S.J.P.)
- Institute for Glycoscience, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea
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15
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Gangliosides: The Double-Edge Sword of Neuro-Ectodermal Derived Tumors. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080311. [PMID: 31357634 PMCID: PMC6723632 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides, the glycosphingolipids carrying one or several sialic acid residues, are mostly localized at the plasma membrane in lipid raft domains and implicated in many cellular signaling pathways mostly by interacting with tyrosine kinase receptors. Gangliosides are divided into four series according to the number of sialic acid residues, which can be also modified by O-acetylation. Both ganglioside expression and sialic acid modifications can be modified in pathological conditions such as cancer, which can induce either pro-cancerous or anti-cancerous effects. In this review, we summarize the specific functions of gangliosides in neuro-ectodermal derived tumors, and their roles in reprogramming the lipidomic profile of cell membrane occurring with the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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16
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Feng YL, Chen H, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Su W, Ma SX, Shang YQ, Mao JR, Yu XY, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Activated NF-κB/Nrf2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are associated with lipid metabolism in CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2317-2332. [PMID: 31102786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of CKD patients at risk for microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria could facilitate clinical outcomes and long-term survival. Considering the few and limited efficacy of current biomarkers in early detection, we aim to discover plasma lipids that effectively predict the development of CKD paitents with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. A total of 380 healthy controls and 1156 patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 were stratified by urine albumin-creatinine ratio as microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g). Fasting plasma samples were determined by UPLC-HDMS based on lipidomics. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were used to validate the lipid metabolism-associated pathways. Pathway analysis demonstrated that these lipids were closely associated with PPARγ, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels and RAS signaling, which were intimately involved in activated NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. We further carried out pathway validation and demonstrated that NF-κB pathway was activated in patients with macroalbuminuria compared with CKD patients with microalbuminuria, while Nrf2-associated protein expression was downregulated, which was accompanied by the up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Four lipids including DTA, 5,8-TDA, GGD3 and DHA that showed great potential in the discrimination of CKD patients with microalbuminuria and healthy controls were selected by logistic regression analysis. Additionally, six lipid species including CDCA, glucosylceramide, GGD2, TTA, DHA and EDA that contributed to the discrimination of CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were selected by logistic LASSO regression Gangliosides were first identified and might be promising therapeutic targets for CKD patients with the different degree of albuminuria. Collectively, this study first demonstrates the association of plasma inflammation, oxidative stress, Wnt/β-catenin and lipid metabolism in CKD patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92897, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Shi-Xing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - You-Quan Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Jia-Rong Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, No. 21 Jiefang Road, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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17
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Shenoy GN, Loyall J, Berenson CS, Kelleher RJ, Iyer V, Balu-Iyer SV, Odunsi K, Bankert RB. Sialic Acid-Dependent Inhibition of T Cells by Exosomal Ganglioside GD3 in Ovarian Tumor Microenvironments. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:3750-3758. [PMID: 30446565 PMCID: PMC6289713 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is rendered immunosuppressive by a variety of cellular and acellular factors that represent potential cancer therapeutic targets. Although exosomes isolated from ovarian tumor ascites fluids have been previously reported to induce a rapid and reversible T cell arrest, the factors present on or within exosomes that contribute to immunosuppression have not been fully defined. In this study, we establish that GD3, a ganglioside expressed on the surface of exosomes isolated from human ovarian tumor ascites fluids, is causally linked to the functional arrest of T cells activated through their TCR. This arrest is inhibited by Ab blockade of exosomal GD3 or by the removal of GD3+ exosomes. Empty liposomes expressing GD3 on the surface also inhibit the activation of T cells, establishing that GD3 contributes to the functional arrest of T cells independent of factors present in exosomes. Finally, we demonstrate that the GD3-mediated arrest of the TCR activation is dependent upon sialic acid groups, because their enzymatic removal from exosomes or liposomes results in a loss of inhibitory capacity. Collectively, these data define GD3 as a potential immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam N. Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jenni Loyall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Charles S. Berenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, Infectious Disease Division, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, and Department of Veteran Affairs, Western New York Health Care System, Buffalo, New York
| | - Raymond J. Kelleher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Vandana Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sathy V. Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York
| | - Richard B. Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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18
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Liu J, Zheng X, Pang X, Li L, Wang J, Yang C, Du G. Ganglioside GD3 synthase (GD3S), a novel cancer drug target. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:713-720. [PMID: 30245960 PMCID: PMC6147802 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a class of important glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid that are widely distributed on the outer surface of cells and are abundantly distributed in brain tissue. Disialoganglioside with three glycosyl groups (GD3) and disialoganglioside with two glycosyl groups (GD2) are markedly increased in pathological conditions such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. GD3 and GD2 were found to play important roles in cancers by mediating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, angiogenesis and in preventing immunosuppression of tumors. GD3 synthase (GD3S) is the regulatory enzyme of GD3 and GD2 synthesis, and is important in tumorigenesis and the development of cancers. The study of GD3S as a drug target may be of great significance for the discovery of new drugs for cancer treatment. This review will describe the gangliosides and their roles in physiological and pathological conditions; the roles of GD3 and GD2 in cancers; the expression, functions and mechanisms of GD3S, and its potential as a drug target in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Liu
- Ethnic Drug Screening & Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Ethnic Drug Screening & Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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19
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Vantaku V, Donepudi SR, Ambati CR, Jin F, Putluri V, Nguyen K, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Battula VL, Lotan Y, Putluri N. Expression of ganglioside GD2, reprogram the lipid metabolism and EMT phenotype in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95620-95631. [PMID: 29221154 PMCID: PMC5707048 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade Bladder Cancer (BLCA) represents the most aggressive and treatment-resistant cancer that renders the patients with poor survival. However, only a few biomarkers have been identified for the detection and treatment of BLCA. Recent studies show that ganglioside GD2 can be used as cancer biomarker and/or therapeutic target for various cancers. Despite its potential relevance in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics, the role of GD2 is unknown in BLCA. Here, we report for the first time that high-grade BLCA tissues and cell lines have higher expression of GD2 compared to low-grade by high-resolution Mass Spectrometry. The muscle invasive UMUC3 cell line showed high GD2, mesenchymal phenotype, and cell proliferation. Besides, we have shown the cancer stem cells (CSC) property (CD44hiCD24lo) of GD2+ UMUC3 and J82 cells. Also, the evaluation of lipid metabolism in GD2+ BLCA cell lines revealed higher levels of Phosphatidylinositol (PI), Phosphatidic acid (PA), Cardiolipin (CL) and lower levels of Phosphatidylserine (PS), plasmenyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (pPE), plasmenyl-phosphocholines (pPC), sphingomyelins (SM), triglycerides (TGs) and N-Acetylneuraminic acid. These findings are significantly correlated with the tissues of BLCA patients. Based on this evidence, we propose that GD2 may be used as an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target for aggressive BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatrao Vantaku
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sri Ramya Donepudi
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandrashekar R Ambati
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, and Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, and Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Daniotti JL, Lardone RD, Vilcaes AA. Dysregulated Expression of Glycolipids in Tumor Cells: From Negative Modulator of Anti-tumor Immunity to Promising Targets for Developing Therapeutic Agents. Front Oncol 2016; 5:300. [PMID: 26779443 PMCID: PMC4703717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids are complex molecules consisting of a ceramide lipid moiety linked to a glycan chain of variable length and structure. Among these are found the gangliosides, which are sialylated glycolipids ubiquitously distributed on the outer layer of vertebrate plasma membranes. Changes in the expression of certain species of gangliosides have been described to occur during cell proliferation, differentiation, and ontogenesis. However, the aberrant and elevated expression of gangliosides has been also observed in different types of cancer cells, thereby promoting tumor survival. Moreover, gangliosides are actively released from the membrane of tumor cells, having a strong impact on impairing anti-tumor immunity. Beyond the undesirable effects of gangliosides in cancer cells, a substantial number of cancer immunotherapies have been developed in recent years that have used gangliosides as the main target. This has resulted in successful immune cell- or antibody-responses against glycolipids, with promising results having been obtained in clinical trials. In this review, we provide a general overview on the metabolism of glycolipids, both in normal and tumor cells, as well as examining glycolipid-mediated immune modulation and the main successes achieved in immunotherapies using gangliosides as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Daniotti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Lardone
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center , Santa Monica, CA , USA
| | - Aldo A Vilcaes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC, UNC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
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21
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Bose S, Panda AK, Mukherjee S, Sa G. Curcumin and tumor immune-editing: resurrecting the immune system. Cell Div 2015; 10:6. [PMID: 26464579 PMCID: PMC4603973 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-015-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has long been known to posses medicinal properties and recent scientific studies have shown its efficacy in treating cancer. Curcumin is now considered to be a promising anti-cancer agent and studies continue on its molecular mechanism of action. Curcumin has been shown to act in a multi-faceted manner by targeting the classical hallmarks of cancer like sustained proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, insensitivity to growth inhibitors, tissue invasion and metastasis etc. However, one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer is the avoidance of immune system by tumors. Growing tumors adopt several strategies to escape immune surveillance and successfully develop in the body. In this review we highlight the recent studies that show that curcumin also targets this process and helps restore the immune activity against cancer. Curcumin mediates several processes like restoration of CD4+/CD8+ T cell populations, reversal of type-2 cytokine bias, reduction of Treg cell population and suppression of T cell apoptosis; all these help to resurrect tumor immune surveillance that leads to tumor regression. Thus interaction of curcumin with the immune system is also an important feature of its multi-faceted modes of action against cancer. Finally, we also point out the drawbacks of and difficulties in curcumin administration and indicate the use of nano-formulations of curcumin for better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bose
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Abir Kumar Panda
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054 India
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22
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Mahata B, Biswas S, Rayman P, Chahlavi A, Ko J, Bhattacharjee A, Li YT, Li Y, Das T, Sa G, Raychaudhuri B, Vogelbaum MA, Tannenbaum C, Finke JH, Biswas K. GBM Derived Gangliosides Induce T Cell Apoptosis through Activation of the Caspase Cascade Involving Both the Extrinsic and the Intrinsic Pathway. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26226135 PMCID: PMC4520498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated that human glioblastoma cell lines induce apoptosis in peripheral blood T cells through partial involvement of secreted gangliosides. Here we show that GBM-derived gangliosides induce apoptosis through involvement of the TNF receptor and activation of the caspase cascade. Culturing T lymphocytes with GBM cell line derived gangliosides (10-20μg/ml) demonstrated increased ROS production as early as 18 hrs as indicated by increased uptake of the dye H2DCFDA while western blotting demonstrated mitochondrial damage as evident by cleavage of Bid to t-Bid and by the release of cytochrome-c into the cytosol. Within 48-72 hrs apoptosis was evident by nuclear blebbing, trypan blue positivity and annexinV/7AAD staining. GBM-ganglioside induced activation of the effector caspase-3 along with both initiator caspases (-9 and -8) in T cells while both the caspase-8 and -9 inhibitors were equally effective in blocking apoptosis (60% protection) confirming the role of caspases in the apoptotic process. Ganglioside-induced T cell apoptosis did not involve production of TNF-α since anti-human TNFα antibody was unable to protect T cells from nuclear blebbing and subsequent cell death. However, confocal microscopy demonstrated co-localization of GM2 ganglioside with the TNF receptor and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed recruitment of death domains FADD and TRADD with the TNF receptor post ganglioside treatment, suggesting direct interaction of gangliosides with the TNF receptor. Further confirmation of the interaction between GM2 and TNFR1 was obtained from confocal microscopy data with wild type and TNFR1 KO (TALEN mediated) Jurkat cells, which clearly demonstrated co-localization of GM2 and TNFR1 in the wild type cells but not in the TNFR1 KO clones. Thus, GBM-ganglioside can mediate T cell apoptosis by interacting with the TNF receptor followed by activation of both the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathway of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Mahata
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumika Biswas
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Patricia Rayman
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Ali Chahlavi
- Spine and Brain Institute, St. Vincent Medical Center, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Ko
- Pathology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | | | - Yu-Teh Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Tanya Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Baisakhi Raychaudhuri
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center in the Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Vogelbaum
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center in the Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Charles Tannenbaum
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - James H. Finke
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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Tkachev V, Goodell S, Opipari AW, Hao LY, Franchi L, Glick GD, Ferrara JLM, Byersdorfer CA. Programmed death-1 controls T cell survival by regulating oxidative metabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5789-800. [PMID: 25972478 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coinhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) maintains immune homeostasis by negatively regulating T cell function and survival. Blockade of PD-1 increases the severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but the interplay between PD-1 inhibition and T cell metabolism is not well studied. We found that both murine and human alloreactive T cells concomitantly upregulated PD-1 expression and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. This PD-1(Hi)ROS(Hi) phenotype was specific to alloreactive T cells and was not observed in syngeneic T cells during homeostatic proliferation. Blockade of PD-1 signaling decreased both mitochondrial H2O2 and total cellular ROS levels, and PD-1-driven increases in ROS were dependent upon the oxidation of fatty acids, because treatment with etomoxir nullified changes in ROS levels following PD-1 blockade. Downstream of PD-1, elevated ROS levels impaired T cell survival in a process reversed by antioxidants. Furthermore, PD-1-driven changes in ROS were fundamental to establishing a cell's susceptibility to subsequent metabolic inhibition, because blockade of PD-1 decreased the efficacy of later F1F0-ATP synthase modulation. These data indicate that PD-1 facilitates apoptosis in alloreactive T cells by increasing ROS in a process dependent upon the oxidation of fat. In addition, blockade of PD-1 undermines the potential for subsequent metabolic inhibition, an important consideration given the increasing use of anti-PD-1 therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tkachev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Stefanie Goodell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anthony W Opipari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | - Gary D Glick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - James L M Ferrara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
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Wu AA, Drake V, Huang HS, Chiu S, Zheng L. Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment: tumor-induced immunosuppressive factors paralyze T cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1016700. [PMID: 26140242 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1016700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become evident that tumor-induced immuno-suppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment play a major role in suppressing normal functions of effector T cells. These factors serve as hurdles that limit the therapeutic potential of cancer immunotherapies. This review focuses on illustrating the molecular mechanisms of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, including evasion of T-cell recognition, interference with T-cell trafficking, metabolism, and functions, induction of resistance to T-cell killing, and apoptosis of T cells. A better understanding of these mechanisms may help in the development of strategies to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies.
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Key Words
- 1MT, 1-methyltryptophan
- COX2, cyclooxygenase-2
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- Gal1, galectin-1
- HDACi, histone deacetylase inhibitor
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- IDO, indoleamine-2,3- dioxygenase
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IMC, immature myeloid cell
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility
- MICA, MHC class I related molecule A
- MICB, MHC class I related molecule B
- NO, nitric oxide
- PARP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase
- PD-1, program death receptor-1
- PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- RCAS1, receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on Siso cells 1
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- SVV, survivin
- T cells
- TCR, T-cell receptor
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- iNOS, inducible nitric-oxide synthase
- immunosuppression
- immunosuppressive factors
- immunotherapy
- tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie A Wu
- Department of Oncology; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Virginia Drake
- School of Medicine; University of Maryland ; Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - ShihChi Chiu
- College of Medicine; National Taiwan University ; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ; Baltimore, MD USA
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25
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Mahata B, Banerjee A, Kundu M, Bandyopadhyay U, Biswas K. TALEN mediated targeted editing of GM2/GD2-synthase gene modulates anchorage independent growth by reducing anoikis resistance in mouse tumor cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9048. [PMID: 25762467 PMCID: PMC4357006 DOI: 10.1038/srep09048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex ganglioside expression is highly deregulated in several tumors which is further dependent on specific ganglioside synthase genes. Here, we designed and constructed a pair of highly specific transcription-activator like effector endonuclease (TALENs) to disrupt a particular genomic locus of mouse GM2-synthase, a region conserved in coding sequence of all four transcript variants of mouse GM2-synthase. Our designed TALENs effectively work in different mouse cell lines and TALEN induced mutation rate is over 45%. Clonal selection strategy is undertaken to generate stable GM2-synthase knockout cell line. We have also demonstrated non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mediated integration of neomycin cassette into the TALEN targeted GM2-synthase locus. Functionally, clonally selected GM2-synthase knockout clones show reduced anchorage-independent growth (AIG), reduction in tumor growth and higher cellular adhesion as compared to wild type Renca-v cells. Insight into the mechanism shows that, reduced AIG is due to loss in anoikis resistance, as both knockout clones show increased sensitivity to detachment induced apoptosis. Therefore, TALEN mediated precise genome editing at GM2-synthase locus not only helps us in understanding the function of GM2-synthase gene and complex gangliosides in tumorigenicity but also holds tremendous potential to use TALENs in translational cancer research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Mahata
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Avisek Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Manjari Kundu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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26
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Chong TW, Goh FY, Sim MY, Huang HH, Thike AA, Thike DAA, Lim WK, Teh BT, Tan PH. CD1d expression in renal cell carcinoma is associated with higher relapse rates, poorer cancer-specific and overall survival. J Clin Pathol 2014; 68:200-5. [PMID: 25477528 PMCID: PMC4345982 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aims We hypothesised that CD1d expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may play a role in modifying the host immune response. Our aims were to investigate the expression of CD1d and to correlate this with histopathology and clinical outcomes in a cohort study of patients with RCC. Methods Gene expression and tissue microarray studies on a panel of RCC tissue were performed. Clinicopathological correlation was analysed using χ2/Fisher's exact test. Relapse-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival were calculated for both CD1d high and low expressors. Survival outcomes were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using Cox regression analysis. Results Gene expression microarray showed significant expression of CD1d in RCC versus normal renal tissue. By immunohistochemistry, we found that CD1d expression significantly associated with tumour stage/grade, higher relapse rates, poorer cancer-specific and overall survival. Conclusions CD1d expression on RCC correlated with aggressive disease and poorer clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung Wen Chong
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fera Yiqian Goh
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Yi Sim
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Hong Huang
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daw Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Ingemann L, Kirkegaard T. Lysosomal storage diseases and the heat shock response: convergences and therapeutic opportunities. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2198-210. [PMID: 24837749 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r048090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play a vital role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis through the recycling of cell constituents, a key metabolic function which is highly dependent on the correct function of the lysosomal hydrolases and membrane proteins, as well as correct membrane lipid stoichiometry and composition. The critical role of lysosomal functionality is evident from the severity of the diseases in which the primary lesion is a genetically defined loss-of-function of lysosomal hydrolases or membrane proteins. This group of diseases, known as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), number more than 50 and are associated with severe neurodegeneration, systemic disease, and early death, with only a handful of the diseases having a therapeutic option. Another key homeostatic system is the metabolic stress response or heat shock response (HSR), which is induced in response to a number of physiological and pathological stresses, such as protein misfolding and aggregation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, nutrient deprivation, elevated temperature, viral infections, and various acute traumas. Importantly, the HSR and its cardinal members of the heat shock protein 70 family has been shown to protect against a number of degenerative diseases, including severe diseases of the nervous system. The cytoprotective actions of the HSR also include processes involving the lysosomal system, such as cell death, autophagy, and protection against lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and have shown promise in a number of LSDs. This review seeks to describe the emerging understanding of the interplay between these two essential metabolic systems, the lysosomes and the HSR, with a particular focus on their potential as a therapeutic target for LSDs.
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28
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Don AS, Lim XY, Couttas TA. Re-configuration of sphingolipid metabolism by oncogenic transformation. Biomolecules 2014; 4:315-53. [PMID: 24970218 PMCID: PMC4030989 DOI: 10.3390/biom4010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids are one of the major lipid families in eukaryotes, incorporating a diverse array of structural variants that exert a powerful influence over cell fate and physiology. Increased expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), which catalyses the synthesis of the pro-survival, pro-angiogenic metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is well established as a hallmark of multiple cancers. Metabolic alterations that reduce levels of the pro-apoptotic lipid ceramide, particularly its glucosylation by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), have frequently been associated with cancer drug resistance. However, the simple notion that the balance between ceramide and S1P, often referred to as the sphingolipid rheostat, dictates cell survival contrasts with recent studies showing that highly potent and selective SPHK1 inhibitors do not affect cancer cell proliferation or survival, and studies demonstrating higher ceramide levels in some metastatic cancers. Recent reports have implicated other sphingolipid metabolic enzymes such as acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) more strongly in cancer pathogenesis, and highlight lysosomal sphingolipid metabolism as a possible weak point for therapeutic targeting in cancer. This review describes the evidence implicating different sphingolipid metabolic enzymes and their products in cancer pathogenesis, and suggests how newer systems-level approaches may improve our overall understanding of how oncogenic transformation reconfigures sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Don
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Xin Y Lim
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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29
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Saha S, Hossain DMS, Mukherjee S, Mohanty S, Mazumdar M, Mukherjee S, Ghosh UK, Nayek C, Raveendar C, Khurana A, Chakrabarty R, Sa G, Das T. Calcarea carbonica induces apoptosis in cancer cells in p53-dependent manner via an immuno-modulatory circuit. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:230. [PMID: 24053127 PMCID: PMC3856502 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary medicines, including homeopathy, are used by many patients with cancer, usually alongside with conventional treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underneath the anti-cancer effect, if any, of these medicines have still remained unexplored. To this end we attempted to evaluate the efficacy of calcarea carbonica, a homeopathic medicine, as an anti-cancer agent and to delineate the detail molecular mechanism(s) underlying calcerea carbonica-induced tumor regression. METHODS To investigate and delineate the underlying mechanisms of calcarea carbonica-induced tumor regression, Trypan blue dye-exclusion test, flow cytometric, Western blot and reverse transcriptase-PCR techniques were employed. Further, siRNA transfections and inhibitor studies were used to validate the involvement of p53 pathway in calcarea carbonica-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. RESULTS Interestingly, although calcarea carbonica administration to Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC)- and Sarcoma-180 (S-180)-bearing Swiss albino mice resulted in 30-35% tumor cell apoptosis, it failed to induce any significant cell death in ex vivo conditions. These results prompted us to examine whether calcarea carbonica employs the immuno-modulatory circuit in asserting its anti-tumor effects. Calcarea carbonica prevented tumor-induced loss of effector T cell repertoire, reversed type-2 cytokine bias and attenuated tumor-induced inhibition of T cell proliferation in tumor-bearing host. To confirm the role of immune system in calcarea carbonica-induced cancer cell death, a battery of cancer cells were co-cultured with calcarea carbonica-primed T cells. Our results indicated a "two-step" mechanism of the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by calcarea carbonica i.e., (1) activation of the immune system of the host; and (2) induction of cancer cell apoptosis via immuno-modulatory circuit in p53-dependent manner by down-regulating Bcl-2:Bax ratio. Bax up-regulation resulted in mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss and cytochrome c release followed by activation of caspase cascade. Knocking out of p53 by RNA-interference inhibited calcarea carbonica-induced apoptosis thereby confirming the contribution of p53. CONCLUSION These observations delineate the significance of immuno-modulatory circuit during calcarea carbonica-mediated tumor apoptosis. The molecular mechanism identified may serve as a platform for involving calcarea carbonica into immunotherapeutic strategies for effective tumor regression.
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30
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Gilbert ER, Eby JM, Hammer AM, Klarquist J, Christensen DG, Barfuss AJ, Boissy RE, Picken MM, Love RB, Dilling DF, Le Poole IC. Positioning ganglioside D3 as an immunotherapeutic target in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:226-34. [PMID: 23665200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumors that develop in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) as a consequence of biallelic loss of TSC1 or TSC2 gene function express melanoma differentiation antigens. However, the percentage of LAM cells expressing these melanosomal antigens is limited. Here, we report the overexpression of ganglioside D3 (GD3) in LAM. GD3 is a tumor-associated antigen otherwise found in melanoma and neuroendocrine tumors; normal expression is largely restricted to neuronal cells in the brain. We also observed markedly reduced serum antibody titers to GD3, which may allow for a population of GD3-expressing LAM cells to expand within patients. This is supported by the demonstrated sensitivity of cultured LAM cells to complement mediated cytotoxicity via GD3 antibodies. GD3 can serve as a natural killer T (NKT) cell antigen when presented on CD1d molecules expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells. Although CD1d-expressing monocyte derivatives were present in situ, enhanced NKT-cell recruitment to LAM lung was not observed. Cultured LAM cells retained surface expression of GD3 over several passages and also expressed CD1d, implying that infiltrating NKT cells can be directly cytotoxic toward LAM lung lesions. Immunization with antibodies to GD3 may thus be therapeutic in LAM, and enhancement of existing NKT-cell infiltration may be effective to further improve antitumor responses. Overall, we hereby establish GD3 as a suitable target for immunotherapy of LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Gilbert
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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31
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Ghosh S, Adhikary A, Chakraborty S, Nandi P, Mohanty S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee P, Mukherjee S, Putatunda S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty A, Sa G, Das T, Sen PC. Nifetepimine, a dihydropyrimidone, ensures CD4+ T cell survival in a tumor microenvironment by maneuvering sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32881-96. [PMID: 22851172 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.357889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms have been proposed by which tumors induce T cell apoptosis to circumvent tumor immune-surveillance. Although sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) have long been known to regulate intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, few studies have examined the role of SERCA in processes of T lymphocyte survival and activation. In this context it remains largely unexplored as to how tumors jeopardize SERCA function to disable T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Here, we show that human CD4(+) T cells in the presence of tumor conditions manifested an up-regulation of SERCA3 expression that resulted in development of endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to CD4(+) T cell apoptosis. Prostaglandin E(2) produced by the tumor cell plays a critical role in up-regulating SERCA3 by enhancing the binding of its transcription factor Sp1. Gene manipulation and pharmacological approaches further established that an increase in SERCA expression also resulted in subsequent inhibition of PKCα and -θ and retention of NFκB in the cytosol; however, down-modulation of SERCA3 expression by a dihydropyrimidone derivative, ethyl-4-(3-nitro)-phenyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5 carboxylate (nifetepimine), protected the CD4(+) T cells from tumor-induced apoptosis. In fact, nifetepimine-mediated restoration of PKC activity resulted in nuclear translocation of p65NFκB, thereby ensuring its survival. Studies further undertaken in a tumor-bearing mice model revalidated the immunoprotective role of nifetepimine. Our present study thus strongly suggests that imbalance in cellular calcium homeostasis is an important factor leading to CD4(+) T cell death during cancer and holds promise that nifetepimine may have the potential to be used as an immunorestoring agent in cancer bearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatilekha Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12 Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VIIM Kolkata 700054, India
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32
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Whiteside TL, Mandapathil M, Schuler P. The role of the adenosinergic pathway in immunosuppression mediated by human regulatory T cells (Treg). Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:5217-23. [PMID: 22087822 DOI: 10.2174/092986711798184334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced dysfunction of immune cells is a common problem in cancer. Tumors induce immune suppression by many different mechanisms, including accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg). Adaptive Treg (Tr1) generated in the tumor microenvironment express CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases, produce adenosine and are COX2+PGE2+. Adenosine and PGE2 produced by Tr1 or tumor cells bind to their respective receptors on the surface of T effector cells (Teff) and cooperate in up-regulating cytosolic 3'5'-cAMP levels utilizing adenylyl cyclase isoform 7 (AC-7). In Teff, increased cAMP mediates suppression of anti-tumor functions. Treg, in contrast to Teff, seem to require high cAMP levels for mediating suppression. This differential requirement of Treg and Teff for cAMP offers an opportunity for pharmacologic interventions using selected inhibitors of the adenosine/PGE2 pathways. Blocking of adenosine/PGE2 production by Tr1 or blocking binding of these factors to their receptors on T cells or inhibition of cAMP synthesis in Teff all represent novel therapeutic strategies that used in combination with conventional therapies could restore anti-tumor functions of Teff . At the same time, these inhibitors could disarm Tr1 cells by depriving them of the factors promoting their generation and activity or by down-regulating 3'5'-cAMP levels. Thus, the pharmacologic control of Treg-Teff interactions offers a novel strategy for restoration of anti-tumor Teff functions and silencing of Treg. Used in conjunction with anti-cancer drugs or with immune therapies, this strategy has a potential to improve therapeutic effects by preventing or reversing tumor-induced immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Research Pavilion at the Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1863, USA.
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Battula VL, Shi Y, Evans KW, Wang RY, Spaeth EL, Jacamo RO, Guerra R, Sahin AA, Marini FC, Hortobagyi G, Mani SA, Andreeff M. Ganglioside GD2 identifies breast cancer stem cells and promotes tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2066-78. [PMID: 22585577 DOI: 10.1172/jci59735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cancer cells that have increased resistance to conventional therapies and are capable of establishing metastasis. However, only a few biomarkers of CSCs have been identified. Here, we report that ganglioside GD2 (a glycosphingolipid) identifies a small fraction of cells in human breast cancer cell lines and patient samples that are capable of forming mammospheres and initiating tumors with as few as 10 GD2+ cells. In addition, the majority of GD2+ cells are also CD44hiCD24lo, the previously established CSC-associated cell surface phenotype. Gene expression analysis revealed that GD3 synthase (GD3S) is highly expressed in GD2+ as well as in CD44hiCD24lo cells and that interference with GD3S expression, either by shRNA or using a pharmacological inhibitor, reduced the CSC population and CSC-associated properties. GD3S knockdown completely abrogated tumor formation in vivo. Also, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in transformed human mammary epithelial cells (HMLER cells) dramatically increased GD2 as well as GD3S expression in these cells, suggesting a role of EMT in the origin of GD2+ breast CSCs. In summary, we identified GD2 as a new CSC-specific cell surface marker and GD3S as a potential therapeutic target for CSCs, with the possibility of improving survival and cure rates in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Whiteside TL. What are regulatory T cells (Treg) regulating in cancer and why? Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:327-34. [PMID: 22465232 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role regulatory T cells (Treg) play in cancer development and progression is not clear. Earlier evidence suggested that CD4(+)FOXP3(+)CD25(high) Treg accumulate in tumors and the peripheral blood of patients with cancer and through suppression of anti-tumor immune responses promote tumor growth. However, more recent data indicate that in certain cancers, such as colorectal carcinoma (CRC), Treg suppress bacteria-driven inflammation which promotes carcinogenesis and thus benefit the host. Treg appear to play a dual role in cancer. This might explain why the frequency and functions of Treg are associated with a poor prognosis in some cancers but with favorable outcome in others. The clinical and prognostic significance of Treg in cancer depends on environmental factors, including infectious agents, tumor-derived products and locally-produced cytokines, which shape the nature of immune responses, including Treg generation, recruitment and survival. Adaptive or inducible (i) Treg or Tr1 are the major subset(s) of Treg present in cancer. These iTreg are a distinct subset of regulatory cells that phenotypically and functionally differ from FOXP3(+) natural (n) Treg responsible for peripheral tolerance. They mediate powerful suppression of effector T cells via diverse mechanisms, produce immunosuppressive cytokines, notably TGF-β as well as prostaglandin E2 and adenosine, and are resistant to apoptosis or oncological therapies. Strategies for silencing of Tr1 in patients with cancer will require novel approaches that can selectively deplete these cells or block molecular pathways they utilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Whiteside
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Durrant LG, Noble P, Spendlove I. Immunology in the clinic review series; focus on cancer: glycolipids as targets for tumour immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:206-15. [PMID: 22235996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into aberrant glycosylation and over-expression of glycolipids on the surface of the majority of cancers, coupled with a knowledge of glycolipids as functional molecules involved in a number of cellular physiological pathways, has provided a novel area of targets for cancer immunotherapy. This has resulted in the development of a number of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies that are showing promising results in recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Durrant
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, Molecular Medical Sciences, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Llacuna L, Mach N. Papel de los antioxidantes en la prevención del cáncer. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE NUTRICIÓN HUMANA Y DIETÉTICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-1292(12)70067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Sen GS, Mohanty S, Hossain DMS, Bhattacharyya S, Banerjee S, Chakraborty J, Saha S, Ray P, Bhattacharjee P, Mandal D, Bhattacharya A, Chattopadhyay S, Das T, Sa G. Curcumin enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy by tailoring p65NFκB-p300 cross-talk in favor of p53-p300 in breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42232-42247. [PMID: 22013068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.262295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells often develop multiple mechanisms of drug resistance during tumor progression, which is the major reason for the failure of breast cancer therapy. High constitutive activation of NFκB has been found in different cancers, creating an environment conducive for chemotherapeutic resistance. Here we report that doxorubicin-induced SMAR1-dependent transcriptional repression and SMAR1-independent degradation of IkBα resulted in nuclear translocation of p65NFκB and its association with p300 histone acetylase and subsequent transcription of Bcl-2 to impart protective response in drug-resistant cells. Consistently SMAR1-silenced drug-resistant cells exhibited IkBα-mediated inhibition of p65NFκB and induction of p53-dependent apoptosis. Interestingly, curcumin pretreatment of drug-resistant cells alleviated SMAR1-mediated p65NFκB activation and hence restored doxorubicin sensitivity. Under such anti-survival condition, induction of p53-p300 cross-talk enhanced the transcriptional activity of p53 and intrinsic death cascade. Importantly, promyelocyte leukemia-mediated SMAR1 sequestration that relieved the repression of apoptosis-inducing genes was indispensable for such chemo-sensitizing ability of curcumin. A simultaneous decrease in drug-induced systemic toxicity by curcumin might also have enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin by improving the intrinsic defense machineries of the tumor-bearer. Overall, the findings of this preclinical study clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of curcumin to combat doxorubicin-resistance. We, therefore, suggest curcumin as a potent chemo-sensitizer to improve the therapeutic index of this widely used anti-cancer drug. Taken together, these results suggest that curcumin can be developed into an adjuvant chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri Sankar Sen
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Suchismita Mohanty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Dewan Md Sakib Hossain
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Juni Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Shilpi Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Pushpak Bhattacharjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Debaprasad Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharya
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India; National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanya Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
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Mandapathil M, Whiteside TL. Targeting human inducible regulatory T cells (Tr1) in patients with cancer: blocking of adenosine-prostaglandin E₂ cooperation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1203-14. [PMID: 21702720 PMCID: PMC3149765 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.581225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging data suggest that human inducible regulatory T cells (Tr1) produce adenosine and prostaglandin E(2) and that these factors cooperate in mediating immune suppression. AREAS COVERED Human Tr1 present in human tumors or blood of cancer patients express ectonucleotidases, CD39 and/or CD73, hydrolyze ATP to adenosine and are COX-2 positive. Expression of CD39 and/or CD73 on human tumors favors expansion and suppressor functions of Tr1. Adenosine and PGE(2) signal via adenosine 2A receptor (A(2A)R) and prostaglandin E(2) receptor 2 (EP(2)R) expressed on effector T (Teff) cells, suppressing their anti-tumor functions by a common mechanism involving upregulation of cytosolic cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) type I activation. The frequency and activity of circulating CD4(+)CD39(+) and CD4(+)COX-2(+) Treg subsets increase in advanced disease and also following oncologic therapies. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacologic blocking of adenosine-PGE(2) collaboration provides a clinically-feasible strategy for disarming of Treg. Used in conjunction with conventional anti-cancer drugs or immune interventions, pharmacologic inhibitors could improve outcome of oncologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magis Mandapathil
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pathology, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.27, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Birks SM, Danquah JO, King L, Vlasak R, Gorecki DC, Pilkington GJ. Targeting the GD3 acetylation pathway selectively induces apoptosis in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:950-60. [PMID: 21807667 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of ganglioside GD3, which plays crucial roles in normal brain development, decreases in adults but is upregulated in neoplastic cells, where it regulates tumor invasion and survival. Normally a buildup of GD3 induces apoptosis, but this does not occur in gliomas due to formation of 9-O-acetyl GD3 by the addition of an acetyl group to the terminal sialic acid of GD3; this renders GD3 unable to induce apoptosis. Using human biopsy-derived glioblastoma cell cultures, we have carried out a series of molecular manipulations targeting GD3 acetylation pathways. Using immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, western blotting, and transwell assays, we have shown the existence of a critical ratio between GD3 and 9-O-acetyl GD3, which promotes tumor survival. Thus, we have demonstrated for the first time in primary glioblastoma that cleaving the acetyl group restores GD3, resulting in a reduction in tumor cell viability while normal astrocytes remain unaffected. Additionally, we have shown that glioblastoma viability is reduced due to the induction of mitochondrially mediated apoptosis and that this occurs after mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Three methods of cleaving the acetyl group using hemagglutinin esterase were investigated, and we have shown that the baculovirus vector transduces glioma cells as well as normal astroctyes with a relatively high efficacy. A recombinant baculovirus containing hemagglutinin esterase could be developed for the clinic as an adjuvant therapy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Birks
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, Institute Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
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Accumulation of long-chain glycosphingolipids during aging is prevented by caloric restriction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20411. [PMID: 21687659 PMCID: PMC3110726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are major causes of morbidity and mortality that are seen far more commonly in the aged population. Interestingly, kidney function declines during aging even in the absence of underlying renal disease. Declining renal function has been associated with age-related cellular damage and dysfunction with reports of increased levels of apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation in the aged kidney. Bioactive sphingolipids have been shown to regulate these same cellular processes, and have also been suggested to play a role in aging and cellular senescence. Methodology/Principal Findings We hypothesized that alterations in kidney sphingolipids play a role in the declining kidney function that occurs during aging. To begin to address this, the sphingolipid profile was measured in young (3 mo), middle aged (9 mo) and old (17 mo) C57BL/6 male mice. Interestingly, while modest changes in ceramides and sphingoid bases were evident in kidneys from older mice, the most dramatic elevations were seen in long-chain hexosylceramides (HexCer) and lactosylceramides (LacCer), with C14- and C16-lactosylceramides elevated as much as 8 and 12-fold, respectively. Increases in long-chain LacCers during aging are not exclusive to the kidney, as they also occur in the liver and brain. Importantly, caloric restriction, previously shown to prevent the declining kidney function seen in aging, inhibits accumulation of long-chain HexCer/LacCers and prevents the age-associated elevation of enzymes involved in their synthesis. Additionally, long-chain LacCers are also significantly elevated in human fibroblasts isolated from elderly individuals. Conclusion/Significance This study demonstrates accumulation of the glycosphingolipids HexCer and LacCer in several different organs in rodents and humans during aging. In addition, data demonstrate that HexCer and LacCer metabolism is regulated by caloric restriction. Taken together, data suggest that HexCer/LacCers are important mediators of cellular processes fundamental to mammalian aging.
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Glycosphingolipids and Kidney Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 721:121-38. [PMID: 21910086 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0650-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Heffernan-Stroud LA, Obeid LM. p53 and regulation of bioactive sphingolipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 51:219-28. [PMID: 21035490 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both the sphingolipid and p53 pathways are important regulators- and apparent collaborators-of cell-fate decisions. Whereas some investigations have suggested that ceramide and more complex sphingolipids function upstream of p53 or in a p53-independent manner, other studies propose that p53-dependent alterations in these sphingolipids can also contribute to apoptosis. Further studies focusing on sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes have revealed that they function similarly both upstream and downstream of p53 activation. However, whereas various components of the sphingolipid and p53 pathways may simultaneously function to elicit apoptosis and/or growth inhibition, SMase and SK1 may undergo explicit regulation by p53 that could contribute to ceramide-induced senescence in cells. Thus, we propose that regulation of bioactive sphingolipid signaling molecules could be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of p53-dependent cancers.
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Curcumin reverses T cell-mediated adaptive immune dysfunctions in tumor-bearing hosts. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7:306-15. [PMID: 20305684 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2010.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction is well documented during tumor progression and likely contributes to tumor immune evasion. CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are involved in antigen-specific tumor destruction and CD4(+) T cells are essential for helping this CD8(+) T cell-dependent tumor eradication. Tumors often target and inhibit T-cell function to escape from immune surveillance. This dysfunction includes loss of effector and memory T cells, bias towards type 2 cytokines and expansion of T regulatory (Treg) cells. Curcumin has previously been shown to have antitumor activity and some research has addressed the immunoprotective potential of this plant-derived polyphenol in tumor-bearing hosts. Here we examined the role of curcumin in the prevention of tumor-induced dysfunction of T cell-based immune responses. We observed severe loss of both effector and memory T-cell populations, downregulation of type 1 and upregulation of type 2 immune responses and decreased proliferation of effector T cells in the presence of tumors. Curcumin, in turn, prevented this loss of T cells, expanded central memory T cell (T(CM))/effector memory T cell (T(EM)) populations, reversed the type 2 immune bias and attenuated the tumor-induced inhibition of T-cell proliferation in tumor-bearing hosts. Further investigation revealed that tumor burden upregulated Treg cell populations and stimulated the production of the immunosuppressive cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and IL-10 in these cells. Curcumin, however, inhibited the suppressive activity of Treg cells by downregulating the production of TGF-beta and IL-10 in these cells. More importantly, curcumin treatment enhanced the ability of effector T cells to kill cancer cells. Overall, our observations suggest that the unique properties of curcumin may be exploited for successful attenuation of tumor-induced suppression of cell-mediated immune responses.
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GD3 synthase overexpression sensitizes hepatocarcinoma cells to hypoxia and reduces tumor growth by suppressing the cSrc/NF-kappaB survival pathway. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8059. [PMID: 19956670 PMCID: PMC2777380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-mediated HIF-1α stabilization and NF-κB activation play a key role in carcinogenesis by fostering cancer cell survival, angiogenesis and tumor invasion. Gangliosides are integral components of biological membranes with an increasingly recognized role as signaling intermediates. In particular, ganglioside GD3 has been characterized as a proapoptotic lipid effector by promoting cell death signaling and suppression of survival pathways. Thus, our aim was to analyze the role of GD3 in hypoxia susceptibility of hepatocarcinoma cells and in vivo tumor growth. Methodology/Principal Findings We generated and characterized a human hepatocarcinoma cell line stably expressing GD3 synthase (Hep3B-GD3), which catalyzes the synthesis of GD3 from GM3. Despite increased GD3 levels (2–3 fold), no significant changes in cell morphology or growth were observed in Hep3B-GD3 cells compared to wild type Hep3B cells under normoxia. However, exposure of Hep3B-GD3 cells to hypoxia (2% O2) enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting in decreased cell survival, with similar findings observed in Hep3B cells exposed to increasing doses of exogenous GD3. In addition, hypoxia-induced c-Src phosphorylation at tyrosine residues, NF-κB activation and subsequent expression of Mn-SOD were observed in Hep3B cells but not in Hep3B-GD3 cells. Moreover, MnTBAP, an antioxidant with predominant SOD mimetic activity, reduced ROS generation, protecting Hep3B-GD3 cells from hypoxia-induced death. Finally, lower tumor growth, higher cell death and reduced Mn-SOD expression were observed in Hep3B-GD3 compared to Hep3B tumor xenografts. Conclusion These findings underscore a role for GD3 in hypoxia susceptibility by disabling the c-Src/NF-κB survival pathway resulting in lower Mn-SOD expression, which may be of relevance in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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Multifocal signal modulation therapy of cancer: ancient weapon, modern targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 336:85-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chattopadhyay S, Bhattacharyya S, Saha B, Chakraborty J, Mohanty S, Sakib Hossain DM, Banerjee S, Das K, Sa G, Das T. Tumor-shed PGE(2) impairs IL2Rgammac-signaling to inhibit CD4 T cell survival: regulation by theaflavins. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7382. [PMID: 19812686 PMCID: PMC2753647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many tumors are associated with decreased cellular immunity and elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a known inhibitor of CD4+ T cell activation and inducer of type-2 cytokine bias. However, the role of this immunomodulator in the survival of T helper cells remained unclear. Since CD4+ T cells play critical roles in cell-mediated immunity, detail knowledge of the effect tumor-derived PGE2 might have on CD4+ T cell survival and the underlying mechanism may, therefore, help to overcome the overall immune deviation in cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings By culturing purified human peripheral CD4+ T cells or Jurkat cells with spent media of theaflavin- or celecoxib-pre-treated MCF-7 cells, we show that tumor-shed PGE2 severely impairs interleukin 2 receptor γc (IL2Rγc)-mediated survival signaling in CD4+ T cells. Indeed, tumor-shed PGE2 down-regulates IL2Rγc expression, reduces phosphorylation as well as activation of Janus kinase 3 (Jak-3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat-5) and decreases Bcl-2/Bax ratio thereby leading to activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Constitutively active Stat-5A (Stat-5A1*6) over-expression efficiently elevates Bcl-2 levels in CD4+ T cells and protects them from tumor-induced death while dominant-negative Stat-5A over-expression fails to do so, indicating the importance of Stat-5A-signaling in CD4+ T cell survival. Further support towards the involvement of PGE2 comes from the results that (a) purified synthetic PGE2 induces CD4+ T cell apoptosis, and (b) when knocked out by small interfering RNA, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2)-defective tumor cells fail to initiate death. Interestingly, the entire phenomena could be reverted back by theaflavins that restore cytokine-dependent IL2Rγc/Jak-3/Stat-5A signaling in CD4+ T cells thereby protecting them from tumor-shed PGE2-induced apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance These data strongly suggest that tumor-shed PGE2 is an important factor leading to CD4+ T cell apoptosis during cancer and raise the possibility that theaflavins may have the potential as an effective immunorestorer in cancer-bearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Baisakhi Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Juni Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Suchismita Mohanty
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Kaushik Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Tanya Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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