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Lei T, Shen Z, Shen M, Du L, Shi Y, Peng Y, Zhou Z, Da W, Chen X, Li Q. Clinicopathological and genetic characterization of radiotherapy-induced undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma following breast cancer: a case series of three tumors and comprehensive literature review. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:110. [PMID: 39143618 PMCID: PMC11325744 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Compared to primary breast sarcoma (BSs), radiotherapy-induced sarcoma (RIS) is a less frequent type of secondary breast sarcoma. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an even rarer occurrence within the RIS category. This study aimed to present the clinicopathologic and molecular features of breast radiotherapy-induced UPS. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University to analyze three patients with radiation-induced undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) following breast cancer, spanning from 2006 to 2023. The clinical and pathological variables were extracted from the medical records, while immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze the immunophenotypes of these tumors. Genomic characteristics were assessed through DNA and RNA sequencing techniques. Another 15 cases from the literature were also reviewed to better characterize the tumor. RESULTS The affected areas encompass the chest wall and breasts, with an incubation period ranging from 6 to 17 years. The tumor cells exhibit pleomorphism and demonstrate a high degree of pathological mitosis. Notably, two cases displayed an accelerated disease progression, characterized by recurrent tumors and metastases occurring within short intervals of 48 and 7 months respectively subsequent to the initial diagnosis. The two prevailing identified genes were TP53 (2/3, 66.7%) and RB1 (1/3, 33.3%). Through analysis of somatic copy number variation (CNV), it was discovered that two oncogenes, MCL1 (1/3, 33.3%) and MYC (1/3, 33.3%), had experienced gains in CNV. The Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) values for case 1, case 2, and case 3 were 5.9 mut/Mb, 1.0 mut/Mb, and 3.0 mut/Mb, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of RNA-NGS (next-generation sequencing) revealed the presence of a novel gene fusion, named COL3A1-GULP1, in case 2. CONCLUSIONS Based on our thorough analysis of research findings and previous reports, it is evident that radiotherapy-induced UPS exhibits a highly diverse and frequently severe clinical and biological behavior. Identifying tumor formation using genome sequencing can help understand its biological behavior and determine personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Shen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mengjia Shen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingfang Du
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zidi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenyue Da
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Ren Y, Zhang P, Li L, Wang M, Hu H, Shen Y, Xu P, Wu Q, Li F. Hyper-methylation and DNMT3A mediated LTC4S downregulation promoted lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis via mTORC1 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33203. [PMID: 39027522 PMCID: PMC11255598 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma is a malignancy characterized by high mortality rates and unfavorable prognosis. However, the role of Leukotriene C4 Synthase (LTC4S) in lung cancer remains uninvestigated. Methods The expression and prognostic value of LTC4S in LUAD were analyzed using the GEPIA online database. Subsequently, the function of LTC4S in lung cancer cells was examined through gain-of function experiments, using assays to evaluate tumor malignant behavior. Subcutaneous xenograft experiments in vivo was used for investigating the functions of LTC4S. Then, tumor hallmark pathways were analyzed by GSEA. Western blot assay was used to validate the impact of LTC4S on mTORC1 pathway. Finally, the correlation of mRNA and methylation of LTC4S were analyzed by cBioPortal. qRT-PCR, ChIP-qPCR and ChIP-Atlas were used to verify the regulation factors of LTC4S low expression in LUAD cells. Results LTC4S presented significant decreased expression and favorable prognostic significance in LUAD. LTC4S was correlated with clinical stages in LUAD, which showed decreased expression gradually and significantly along with TNM stages. LTC4S-co-expressed genes were closely related to Ras signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Overexpression of LTC4S inhibited cancer malignant phenotype and tumor growth in vitro and vivo. GSEA analysis and Western blot assay suggested low expression of LTC4S activated mTORC1 signaling pathway in LUAD. Moreover, the DNA methylation level of LTC4S in LUAD tissue was markedly elevated compared to normal tissue. The hypermethylation of the LTC4S promoter by DNMT3A leads to the decreased expression of LTC4S in LUAD. Conclusions In conclusion, low expression of LTC4S serves as an unfavorable prognostic marker and the critical function of LTC4S in controlling the progression of LUAD. This highlights the promise for exploring the clinical benefits of manipulating LTC4S in LUAD targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Liqun Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Huiliang Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yidan Shen
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Jia J, Che L, Cigliano A, Wang X, Peitta G, Tao J, Zhong S, Ribback S, Evert M, Chen X, Calvisi DF. Pivotal Role of Fatty Acid Synthase in c-MYC Driven Hepatocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228467. [PMID: 33187130 PMCID: PMC7696085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver malignancy with limited treatment options. Amplification and/or overexpression of c-MYC is one of the most frequent genetic events in human HCC. The mammalian target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major functional axis regulating various aspects of cellular growth and metabolism. Recently, we demonstrated that mTORC1 is necessary for c-Myc driven hepatocarcinogenesis as well as for HCC cell growth in vitro. Among the pivotal downstream effectors of mTORC1, upregulation of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) and its mediated de novo lipogenesis is a hallmark of human HCC. Here, we investigated the importance of FASN on c-Myc-dependent hepatocarcinogenesis using in vitro and in vivo approaches. In mouse and human HCC cells, we found that FASN suppression by either gene silencing or soluble inhibitors more effectively suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in the presence of high c-MYC expression. In c-Myc/Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) mouse liver tumor lesions, FASN expression was markedly upregulated. Most importantly, genetic ablation of Fasn profoundly delayed (without abolishing) c-Myc/MCL1 induced HCC formation. Liver tumors developing in c-Myc/MCL1 mice depleted of Fasn showed a reduction in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis when compared with corresponding lesions from c-Myc/MCL1 mice with an intact Fasn gene. In human HCC samples, a significant correlation between the levels of c-MYC transcriptional activity and the expression of FASN mRNA was detected. Altogether, our study indicates that FASN is an important effector downstream of mTORC1 in c-MYC induced HCC. Targeting FASN may be helpful for the treatment of human HCC, at least in the tumor subset displaying c-MYC amplification or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyuan Jia
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
- Legend Biotech USA R&D Center, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.E.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Graziella Peitta
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.E.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.C.); (G.P.); (M.E.)
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (J.J.); (L.C.); (J.T.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (D.F.C.); Tel.: +1-415-502-6526 (X.C.); +39-079-228306 (D.F.C.)
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (D.F.C.); Tel.: +1-415-502-6526 (X.C.); +39-079-228306 (D.F.C.)
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Notch Transduction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165691. [PMID: 32784481 PMCID: PMC7461113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily-conserved Notch signaling pathway plays critical roles in cell communication, function and homeostasis equilibrium. The pathway serves as a cell-to-cell juxtaposed molecular transducer and is crucial in a number of cell processes including cell fate specification, asymmetric cell division and lateral inhibition. Notch also plays critical roles in organismal development, homeostasis, and regeneration, including somitogenesis, left-right asymmetry, neurogenesis, tissue repair, self-renewal and stemness, and its dysregulation has causative roles in a number of congenital and acquired pathologies, including cancer. In the lung, Notch activity is necessary for cell fate specification and expansion, and its aberrant activity is markedly linked to various defects in club cell formation, alveologenesis, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. In this review, we focus on the role this intercellular signaling device plays during lung development and on its functional relevance in proximo-distal cell fate specification, branching morphogenesis, and alveolar cell determination and maturation, then revise its involvement in NSCLC formation, progression and treatment refractoriness, particularly in the context of various mutational statuses associated with NSCLC, and, lastly, conclude by providing a succinct outlook of the therapeutic perspectives of Notch targeting in NSCLC therapy, including an overview on prospective synthetic lethality approaches.
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Li M, Li J, Guo X, Pan H, Zhou Q. Absence of HTATIP2 Expression in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells Promotes Tumor Plasticity in Response to Hypoxic Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061538. [PMID: 32545251 PMCID: PMC7352940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat Interactive Protein 2 (HTATIP2) is a tumor suppressor, of which reduced or absent expression is associated with increased susceptibility to tumorigenesis and enhanced tumor invasion and metastasis. However, whether the absent expression of HTATIP2 is a tumor-promoting factor that acts through improving tumor adaptation to hypoxia is unclear. Here, we established a stable HTATIP2-knockdown A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549shHTATIP2) using lentiviral-delivered HTATIP2-targeting short hairpin RNA (shRNA), employed a double subcutaneous xenograft model and incorporated photoacoustic imaging and metabolomics approaches to elucidate the impact of the absent HTATIP2 expression on tumor response to hypoxic stress. Results from the in vivo study showed that A549shHTATIP2 tumors exhibited accelerated growth but decreased intratumoral oxygenation and angiogenesis and reduced sensitivity to sorafenib treatment as compared with their parental counterparts. Moreover, results of the immunoblot and real-time PCR analyses revealed that the HIF2α protein and mRNA levels in vehicle-treated A549shHTATIP2 tumors were significantly increased (p < 0.01 compared with the parental control tumors). Despite the strong HIF2α-c-Myc protein interaction indicated by our co-immunoprecipitation data, the increase in the c-Myc protein and mRNA levels was not significant in the A549shHTATIP2 tumors. Nonetheless, MCL-1 and β-catenin protein levels in A549shHTATIP2 tumors were significantly increased (p < 0.05 compared with the parental control tumors), suggesting an enhanced β-catenin/c-Myc/MCL-1 pathway in the absence of HTATIP2 expression. The finding of significantly decreased E-cadherin (p < 0.01 compared with vehicle-treated A549shHTATIP2 tumors) and increased vimentin (p < 0.05 compared with sorafenib-treated A549 tumors) protein levels in A549shHTATIP2 tumors implicates that the absence of HTATIP2 expression increases the susceptibility of A549 tumors to sorafenib-activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Comparison of the metabolomic profiles between A549 and A549shHTATIP2 tumors demonstrated that the absence of HTATIP2 expression resulted in increased tumor metabolic plasticity that enabled tumor cells to exploit alternative metabolic pathways for survival and proliferation rather than relying on glutamine and fatty acids as a carbon source to replenish TCA cycle intermediates. Our data suggest a mechanism by which the absent HTATIP2 expression modulates tumor adaptation to hypoxia and promotes an aggressive tumor phenotype by enhancing the HIF2α-regulated β-catenin/c-Myc/MCL-1 signaling, increasing the susceptibility of tumors to sorafenib treatment-activated EMT process, and improving tumor metabolic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Jing Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Hua Pan
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.L.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-7081
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Structure-Activity Relationships and Molecular Docking Analysis of Mcl-1 Targeting Renieramycin T Analogues in Patient-derived Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040875. [PMID: 32260280 PMCID: PMC7226000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins are promising targets for cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the structure-activity relationships (SARs) and performed molecular docking analysis of renieramycin T (RT) and its analogues and identified the critical functional groups of Mcl-1 targeting. RT have a potent anti-cancer activity against several lung cancer cells and drug-resistant primary cancer cells. RT mediated apoptosis through Mcl-1 suppression and it also reduced the level of Bcl-2 in primary cells. For SAR study, five analogues of RT were synthesized and tested for their anti-cancer and Mcl-1- and Bcl-2-targeting effects. Only two of them (TM-(-)-18 and TM-(-)-4a) exerted anti-cancer activities with the loss of Mcl-1 and partly reduced Bcl-2, while the other analogues had no such effects. Specific cyanide and benzene ring parts of RT's structure were identified to be critical for its Mcl-1-targeting activity. Computational molecular docking indicated that RT, TM-(-)-18, and TM-(-)-4a bound to Mcl-1 with high affinity, whereas TM-(-)-45, a compound with a benzene ring but no cyanide for comparison, showed the lowest binding affinity. As Mcl-1 helps cancer cells evading apoptosis, these data encourage further development of RT compounds as well as the design of novel drugs for treating Mcl-1-driven cancers.
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Li C, Song Y, Li P. MCL1 regulates cell death, tumor growth and chemosensitivity to sabutoclax in ovarian adenocarcinoma. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:625-633. [PMID: 31754782 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the role of MCL1 in ovarian adenocarcinoma cell death and survival as well as chemosensitivity to sabutoclax. Both in vitro and in vivo assays including qRT-PCR, Western blot, CCK-8, caspase 3/7 activation, colony foci formation assay and xenograft assay were conducted. Except for the xenograft assay, the other experiments were conducted at the cellular level and they were carried out to assess cell activities such as viability, programmed death and proliferation. SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cell lines were used as the cell models for all experiments. It was proved that MCL1 was overexpressed in ovarian adenocarcinoma (tissues and cells) at RNA and protein levels. MCL1 knockdown was also discovered to suppress the viability and proliferation of ovarian adenocarcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Lastly, it was found that MCL1 knockdown significantly promoted ovarian carcinoma cell death and the sensitivity to sabutoclax. Thus, we concluded that MCL1 acted as a cancer facilitator in ovarian adenocarcinoma and it is also a suppressor of sabutoclax sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuchun Song
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Muping District, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
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Wen Q, Zhan Y, Zheng H, Zang H, Luo J, Zhang Y, Wang W, Feng J, Lu J, Chen L, Fan S. Elevated expression of mcl-1 inhibits apoptosis and predicts poor prognosis in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:108. [PMID: 31601252 PMCID: PMC6788105 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic member of bcl-2 family, together with cleaved poly (ADC-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP) can serve as a marker of cell apoptosis. Previously we reported that treatment of Mnk inhibitor CGP57380 resulted in decreased Mcl-1 expression while increased c-PARP expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate association between Mcl-1 expression and clinicopathological features of NSCLC, and their correlation between Mcl-1 and both proliferation index (PI) and apoptotic index (AI) in NSCLC patients. Methods Tissue microarrays (TMA) including 350 cases of surgically resected NSCLC were utilize and stained with Mcl-1, Ki-67 and c-PARP antibodies, PI and AI were then evaluated, respectively. Results Higher Mcl-1 expression and PI were observed in NSCLC compared with non-cancerous lung tissues (non-CLT), while AI was significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) compared with non-CLT. Additionally, Mcl-1 expression in lung ADC was evidently higher than that of in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The elevated Mcl-1 expression was associated with PI, and inversely related to AI in NSCLC. NSCLC patients with elevated Mcl-1 expression and high PI, or with high Mcl-1 expression and low AI had remarkably shorter overall survival time than these patients with low Mcl-1 expression. Conclusions Elevated expression of Mcl-1 might be inversely proportional to disease progression of NSCLC patients by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, and Mcl-1 might serve as novel biomarker of poor prognosis for NSCLC patients. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at (10.1186/s13000-019-0884-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjing Zang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Junmi Lu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Li C, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Cui S, Song Y. miR‐153‐3p regulates progression of ovarian carcinoma in vitro and in vivo by targeting
MCL1
gene. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19147-19158. [PMID: 31297886 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Affiliated HospitalBinzhou Medical College Yantai Shandong China
| | - Yinmin Zhang
- Department of GynaecologyThe People's Hospital of Rizhao Rizhao Shandong China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of ReproductionDezhou People's Hospital Dezhou Shandong China
| | - Shoubin Cui
- Department of Gynaecology, Yantai Affiliated HospitalBinzhou Medical College Yantai Shandong China
| | - Yuchun Song
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yantai Affiliated HospitalBinzhou Medical College Yantai Shandong China
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Metabolic reprogramming and Notch activity distinguish between non-small cell lung cancer subtypes. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:51-64. [PMID: 31114017 PMCID: PMC6738087 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that the metabolism is differently reprogrammed in the major subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and adenocarcinomas (AdC). However, a comprehensive analysis of this differential metabolic reprogramming is lacking. Methods Publicly available gene expression data from human lung cancer samples and cell lines were analysed. Stable isotope resolved metabolomics were performed on SCC and ADC tumours in human patients and in freshly resected tumour slices. Results Analysis of multiple transcriptomics data from human samples identified a SCC-distinguishing enzyme gene signature. SCC tumours from patients infused with [U-13C]-glucose and SCC tissue slices incubated with stable isotope tracers demonstrated differential glucose and glutamine catabolism compared to AdCs or non-cancerous lung, confirming increased activity through pathways defined by the SCC metabolic gene signature. Furthermore, the upregulation of Notch target genes was a distinguishing feature of SCCs, which correlated with the metabolic signature. Notch and MYC-driven murine lung tumours recapitulated the SCC-distinguishing metabolic reprogramming. However, the differences between SCCs and AdCs disappear in established cell lines in 2D culture. Conclusions Our data emphasise the importance of studying lung cancer metabolism in vivo. They also highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention in SCC patients including differentially expressed enzymes that catalyse reactions in glycolysis, glutamine catabolism, serine, nucleotide and glutathione biosynthesis.
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Li XX, Zhou JD, Wen XM, Zhang TJ, Wu DH, Deng ZQ, Zhang ZH, Lian XY, He PF, Yao XY, Lin J, Qian J. Increased MCL-1 expression predicts poor prognosis and disease recurrence in acute myeloid leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3295-3304. [PMID: 31118680 PMCID: PMC6503339 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s194549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Altered expression of the BCL-2 family member MCL-1 has been linked to the progression and outcome of various malignancies. Recently, MCL-1 inhibitor S63845 was reported to kill MCL-1-dependent cancer cells and has potential value in clinical application. Purpose: Herein, we reported MCL-1 expression pattern in Chinese de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its impact on prognosis and may provide theoretical basis for AML patients using MCL-1 inhibitor in clinics. Real-time quantitative PCR was carried out to detect the transcript of MCL-1 in AML patients. Results: MCL-1 expression was significantly up-regulated in AML compared with controls (P=0.042). We divided the patients into two groups (higher and lower expression of MCL-1) based on the median level. Among both non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML), patients with higher expression of MCL-1 correlated with lower complete remission (CR) rate (P=0.031 and 0.004, respectively) and shorter overall survival (OS) time (P=0.008 and 0.004, respectively) compared with those with lower expression of MCL-1. Meanwhile, Cox regression analyses revealed that overexpression of MCL-1 acted as an independent risk factor for OS in non-APL patients and CN-AML patients (P=0.011 and 0.045, respectively). In follow-up patients, MCL-1 expression level decreased after CR compared with newly diagnosis time (P=0.020) and increased after relapse (P=0.004). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher expression of MCL-1 predicts poor prognosis and can be used for disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Hong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of KunShan City, 215300 Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Lian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin-Fang He
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Yao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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12
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Annunziato S, de Ruiter JR, Henneman L, Brambillasca CS, Lutz C, Vaillant F, Ferrante F, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, Siteur B, van Gerwen B, de Bruijn R, van Miltenburg MH, Huijbers IJ, van de Ven M, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ, Wessels LFA, Jonkers J. Comparative oncogenomics identifies combinations of driver genes and drug targets in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:397. [PMID: 30674894 PMCID: PMC6344487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-mutated breast cancer is primarily driven by DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs) containing large numbers of candidate driver genes. Validation of these candidates requires novel approaches for high-throughput in vivo perturbation of gene function. Here we develop genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer that permit rapid introduction of putative drivers by either retargeting of GEMM-derived embryonic stem cells, lentivirus-mediated somatic overexpression or in situ CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. We use these approaches to validate Myc, Met, Pten and Rb1 as bona fide drivers in BRCA1-associated mammary tumorigenesis. Iterative mouse modeling and comparative oncogenomics analysis show that MYC-overexpression strongly reshapes the CNA landscape of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors and identify MCL1 as a collaborating driver in these tumors. Moreover, MCL1 inhibition potentiates the in vivo efficacy of PARP inhibition (PARPi), underscoring the therapeutic potential of this combination for treatment of BRCA1-mutated cancer patients with poor response to PARPi monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara S Brambillasca
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - François Vaillant
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Gerwen
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jane E Visvader
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Medicine, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Alyafee YA, Alaamery M, Bawazeer S, Almutairi MS, Alghamdi B, Alomran N, Sheereen A, Daghestani M, Massadeh S. Preparation of anastrozole loaded PEG-PLA nanoparticles: evaluation of apoptotic response of breast cancer cell lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 13:199-208. [PMID: 29343958 PMCID: PMC5749378 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s151139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anastrozole (ANS) is an aromatase inhibitor that is widely used as a treatment for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Despite the wide use of ANS, it is associated with serious side effects due to uncontrolled delivery. In addition, ANS exhibits low solubility and short plasma half-life. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery has the potential to enhance the efficacy of drugs and overcome undesirable side effects. In this study, we aimed to prepare novel ANS-loaded PLA-PEG-PLA nanoparticles (ANS-NPs) and to compare the apoptotic response of MCF-7 cell line to both ANS and ANS-loaded NPs. Method ANS-NPs were synthesized using double emulsion method and characterized using different methods. The apoptotic response was evaluated by assessing cell viability, morphology, and studying changes in the expression of MAPK3, MCL1, and c-MYC apoptotic genes in MCF-7 cell lines. Results ANS was successfully encapsulated within PLA-PEG-PLA, forming monodisperse therapeutic NPs with an encapsulation efficiency of 67%, particle size of 186±27.13, and a polydispersity index of 0.26±0.11 with a sustained release profile extended over 144 hours. In addition, results for cell viability and for gene expression represent a similar apoptotic response between the free ANS and ANS-NPs. Conclusion The synthesized ANS-NPs showed a similar therapeutic effect as the free ANS, which provides a rationale to pursue pre-clinical evaluation of ANS-NPs on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra A Alyafee
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology/College of Science/King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Bawazeer
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S Almutairi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alghamdi
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alomran
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atia Sheereen
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Daghestani
- Department of Zoology/College of Science/King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salam Massadeh
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Camarda R, Williams J, Goga A. In vivo Reprogramming of Cancer Metabolism by MYC. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:35. [PMID: 28443280 PMCID: PMC5386977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have welcomed tremendous advancements toward understanding the functional significance of altered metabolism during tumorigenesis. However, many conclusions drawn from studies of cancer cells in a dish (i.e., in vitro) have been put into question as multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that the metabolism of cells can differ significantly from that of primary tumors (in vivo). This realization, along with the need to identify tissue-specific vulnerabilities of driver oncogenes, has led to an increased focus on oncogene-dependent metabolic programming in vivo. The oncogene c-MYC (MYC) is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers, and while its ability to alter cellular metabolism is well-established, translating the metabolic requirements, and vulnerabilities of MYC-driven cancers to the clinic has been hindered by disparate findings from in vitro and in vivo models. This review will provide an overview of the in vivo strategies, mechanisms, and conclusions generated thus far by studying MYC's regulation of metabolism in various cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Camarda
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Williams
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Kay LJ, Smulders-Srinivasan TK, Soundararajan M. Understanding the Multifaceted Role of Human Down Syndrome Kinase DYRK1A. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 105:127-71. [PMID: 27567487 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK1A, also known as Down syndrome (DS) kinase, is a dosage-dependent signaling kinase that was originally shown to be highly expressed in DS patients as a consequence of trisomy 21. Although this was evident some time ago, it is only in recent investigations that the molecular roles of DYRK1A in a wide range of cellular processes are becoming increasingly apparent. Since initial knowledge on DYRK1A became evident through minibrain mnb, the Drosophila homolog of DYRK1A, this review will first summarize the scientific reports on minibrain and further expand on the well-established neuronal functions of mammalian and human DYRK1A. Recent investigations across the current decade have provided rather interesting and compelling evidence in establishing nonneuronal functions for DYRK1A, including its role in infection, immunity, cardiomyocyte biology, cancer, and cell cycle control. The latter part of this review will therefore focus in detail on the emerging nonneuronal functions of DYRK1A and summarize the regulatory role of DYRK1A in controlling Tau and α-synuclein. Finally, the emerging role of DYRK1A in Parkinson's disease will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kay
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - T K Smulders-Srinivasan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - M Soundararajan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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16
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Cheung WKC, Nguyen DX. Lineage factors and differentiation states in lung cancer progression. Oncogene 2015; 34:5771-80. [PMID: 25823023 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies. Here we discuss how the remarkable diversity of major lung cancer subtypes is manifested in their transforming cell of origin, oncogenic dependencies, phenotypic plasticity, metastatic competence and response to therapy. More specifically, we review the increasing evidence that links this biological heterogeneity to the deregulation of cell lineage-specific pathways and the transcription factors that ultimately control them. As determinants of pulmonary epithelial differentiation, these poorly characterized transcriptional networks may underlie the etiology and biological progression of distinct lung cancers, while providing insight into innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K C Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Yeh ES, Vernon-Grey A, Martin H, Chodosh LA. Tetracycline-regulated mouse models of cancer. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014; 2014:pdb.top069823. [PMID: 25275112 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top069823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have proven essential to the study of mammalian gene function in both development and disease. However, traditional constitutive transgenic mouse model systems are limited by the temporal and spatial characteristics of the experimental promoter used to drive transgene expression. To address this limitation, considerable effort has been dedicated to developing conditional and inducible mouse model systems. Although a number of approaches to generating inducible GEMMs have been pursued, several have been restricted by toxic or undesired physiological side effects of the compounds used to activate gene expression. The development of tetracycline (tet)-dependent regulatory systems has allowed for circumvention of these issues resulting in the widespread adoption of these systems as an invaluable tool for modeling the complex nature of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ann Vernon-Grey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Heather Martin
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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18
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Michels J, Obrist F, Vitale I, Lissa D, Garcia P, Behnam-Motlagh P, Kohno K, Wu GS, Brenner C, Castedo M, Kroemer G. MCL-1 dependency of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:55-61. [PMID: 25107702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The selection of human cancer cell lines in cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP, best known as cisplatin) is accompanied by stereotyped alterations that contribute to the acquisition of a CDDP-resistant state. Thus, CDDP resistance often leads to the upregulation of the DNA repair enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) with the consequent intracellular accumulation of poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR)-modified proteins. Here we report another frequent alteration accompanying CDDP resistance, namely upregulation of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 family protein MCL-1. Six out of 8 CDDP resistant cancer cell lines manifested an increase in MCL-1 protein expression level, while only a minority of cell lines overexpressed BCL-2 or BCL-XL. BCL-XL was decreased in six out of 8 cancer cell lines. Importantly, MCL-1 overexpressing, CDDP resistant cells appear to be 'addicted' to MCL-1 because they died upon depletion of MCL-1 by RNA interference or pharmacological inhibition of MCL-1 expression by the BH3 mimetic obatoclax. Knockdown of PARP1 did not succeed in reducing MCL-1 expression, while depletion or inhibition of MCL-1 failed to affect the activity of PARP1. Hence, the two resistance mechanisms are not linked to each other by a direct cause-effect relationship. Importantly, CDDP-resistant, MCL-1 overexpressing human non-small cell lung cancers responded to monotherapy with obatoclax in vivo, in xenotransplanted mice, underscoring the probable therapeutic relevance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Michels
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Florine Obrist
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Delphine Lissa
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Pauline Garcia
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Parviz Behnam-Motlagh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Kimitoshi Kohno
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Gen Sheng Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Catherine Brenner
- U769, INSERM-LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay Malabry F-92296, France
| | - Maria Castedo
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, F-75015 Paris, France.
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19
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Zhang R, Chu M, Zhao Y, Wu C, Guo H, Shi Y, Dai J, Wei Y, Jin G, Ma H, Dong J, Yi H, Bai J, Gong J, Sun C, Zhu M, Wu T, Hu Z, Lin D, Shen H, Chen F. A genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis for tobacco smoke and lung cancer susceptibility. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1528-35. [PMID: 24658283 PMCID: PMC4076813 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is the major environmental risk factor underlying lung carcinogenesis. However, approximately one-tenth smokers develop lung cancer in their lifetime indicating there is significant individual variation in susceptibility to lung cancer. And, the reasons for this are largely unknown. In particular, the genetic variants discovered in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for only a small fraction of the phenotypic variations for lung cancer, and gene-environment interactions are thought to explain the missing fraction of disease heritability. The ability to identify smokers at high risk of developing cancer has substantial preventive implications. Thus, we undertook a gene-smoking interaction analysis in a GWAS of lung cancer in Han Chinese population using a two-phase designed case-control study. In the discovery phase, we evaluated all pair-wise (591 370) gene-smoking interactions in 5408 subjects (2331 cases and 3077 controls) using a logistic regression model with covariate adjustment. In the replication phase, promising interactions were validated in an independent population of 3023 subjects (1534 cases and 1489 controls). We identified interactions between two single nucleotide polymorphisms and smoking. The interaction P values are 6.73 × 10(-) (6) and 3.84 × 10(-) (6) for rs1316298 and rs4589502, respectively, in the combined dataset from the two phases. An antagonistic interaction (rs1316298-smoking) and a synergetic interaction (rs4589502-smoking) were observed. The two interactions identified in our study may help explain some of the missing heritability in lung cancer susceptibility and present strong evidence for further study of these gene-smoking interactions, which are benefit to intensive screening and smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Minjie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Center and Affiliated Changning Mental Health Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianhang Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chongqi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China, Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China, Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China,
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20
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Tabor V, Bocci M, Alikhani N, Kuiper R, Larsson LG. MYC synergizes with activated BRAFV600E in mouse lung tumor development by suppressing senescence. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4222-9. [PMID: 24934810 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The activated RAS/RAF cascade plays a crucial role in lung cancer, but is also known to induce cellular senescence, a major barrier imposed on tumor cells early in tumorigenesis. MYC is a key factor in suppression of RAS/BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence in vitro. However, it is still unclear whether MYC has the same role during tumor development in vivo. Using a conditional, compound knock-in model of Cre-activated BRAF(V600E) and tamoxifen-regulatable MycER, we show that tamoxifen-induced activation of MYC accelerated the onset and increased the number and size of BRAF(V600E)-driven adenomas in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in reduced survival. Furthermore, MYC activation leads to reduced expression of the senescence markers p16(INK4A), p21(CIP1), and H3K9me3-containing heterochromatin foci, and an increased percentage of Ki67(+) tumor cells. This suggests that MYC already early during tumor formation suppresses a BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence-like state. Initial activation of MYC followed by tamoxifen withdrawal still resulted in an increased number of tumors and reduced survival. However, these tumors were of smaller size, showed increased expression of p16(INK4A) and p21(CIP1), and reduced number of Ki67(+) cells, indicating that MYC inactivation restores BRAF(V600E)-induced senescence. Surprisingly, MYC activation did not promote adenoma to carcinoma progression. This suggests that senescence suppression by MYC is a discrete step in tumor development important for sustained tumor growth but preceding malignant transformation and that additional oncogenic events are required for carcinoma development and metastasis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neoplastic transformation process, with implications for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Tabor
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bocci
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Laboratory Medicine in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nyosha Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raoul Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Gunnar Larsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Shtivelman E, Hensing T, Simon GR, Dennis PA, Otterson GA, Bueno R, Salgia R. Molecular pathways and therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:1392-433. [PMID: 24722523 PMCID: PMC4039220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Both histologically and molecularly lung cancer is heterogeneous. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathways involved in the various types of lung cancer with an emphasis on the clinical implications of the increasing number of actionable molecular targets. It describes the major pathways and molecular alterations implicated in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma and squamous cancer), and of small cell carcinoma, emphasizing the molecular alterations comprising the specific blueprints in each group. The approved and investigational targeted therapies as well as the immune therapies, and clinical trials exploring the variety of targeted approaches to treatment of lung cancer are the main focus of this review.
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Schneeberger VE, Luetteke N, Ren Y, Berns H, Chen L, Foroutan P, Martinez GV, Haura EB, Chen J, Coppola D, Wu J. SHP2E76K mutant promotes lung tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1717-25. [PMID: 24480804 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major disease carrying heterogeneous molecular lesions and many of them remain to be analyzed functionally in vivo. Gain-of-function (GOF) SHP2 (PTPN11) mutations have been found in various types of human cancer, including lung cancer. However, the role of activating SHP2 mutants in lung cancer has not been established. We generated transgenic mice containing a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible activating SHP2 mutant (tetO-SHP2(E76K)) and analyzed the role of SHP2(E76K) in lung tumorigenesis in the Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP)-reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA)/tetO-SHP2(E76K) bitransgenic mice. SHP2(E76K) activated Erk1/Erk2 (Erk1/2) and Src, and upregulated c-Myc and Mdm2 in the lungs of bitransgenic mice. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and small adenomas were observed in CCSP-rtTA/tetO-SHP2(E76K) bitransgenic mice induced with Dox for 2-6 months and progressed to larger adenoma and adenocarcinoma by 9 months. Dox withdrawal from bitransgenic mice bearing magnetic resonance imaging-detectable lung tumors resulted in tumor regression. These results show that the activating SHP2 mutant promotes lung tumorigenesis and that the SHP2 mutant is required for tumor maintenance in this mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer. SHP2(E76K) was associated with Gab1 in the lung of transgenic mice. Elevated pGab1 was observed in the lung of Dox-induced CCSP-rtTA/tetO-SHP2(E76K) mice and in cell lines expressing SHP2(E76K), indicating that the activating SHP2 mutant autoregulates tyrosine phosphorylation of its own docking protein. Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation is sensitive to inhibition by the Src inhibitor dasatinib in GOF SHP2-mutant-expressing cells, suggesting that Src family kinases are involved in SHP2 mutant-induced Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E Schneeberger
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida
| | | | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | | | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
| | | | | | - Eric B Haura
- Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine and
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine and
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine and Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine and
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23
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Whitsett TG, Mathews IT, Cardone MH, Lena RJ, Pierceall WE, Bittner M, Sima C, LoBello J, Weiss GJ, Tran NL. Mcl-1 mediates TWEAK/Fn14-induced non-small cell lung cancer survival and therapeutic response. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:550-9. [PMID: 24469836 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Insensitivity to standard clinical interventions, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, remains a substantial hindrance towards improving the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The molecular mechanism of therapeutic resistance remains poorly understood. The TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)-FGF-inducible 14 (TNFRSF12A/Fn14) signaling axis is known to promote cancer cell survival via NF-κB activation and the upregulation of prosurvival Bcl-2 family members. Here, a role was determined for TWEAK-Fn14 prosurvival signaling in NSCLC through the upregulation of myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1/Mcl-1). Mcl-1 expression significantly correlated with Fn14 expression, advanced NSCLC tumor stage, and poor patient prognosis in human primary NSCLC tumors. TWEAK stimulation of NSCLC cells induced NF-κB-dependent Mcl-1 protein expression and conferred Mcl-1-dependent chemo- and radioresistance. Depletion of Mcl-1 via siRNA or pharmacologic inhibition of Mcl-1, using EU-5148, sensitized TWEAK-treated NSCLC cells to cisplatin- or radiation-mediated inhibition of cell survival. Moreover, EU-5148 inhibited cell survival across a panel of NSCLC cell lines. In contrast, inhibition of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL function had minimal effect on suppressing TWEAK-induced cell survival. Collectively, these results position TWEAK-Fn14 signaling through Mcl-1 as a significant mechanism for NSCLC tumor cell survival and open new therapeutic avenues to abrogate the high mortality rate seen in NSCLC. IMPLICATIONS The TWEAK-Fn14 signaling axis enhances lung cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance through Mcl-1, positioning both TWEAK-Fn14 and Mcl-1 as therapeutic opportunities in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Whitsett
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth St., Suite 400, Phoenix, AZ 85004.
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24
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Concurrent MCL1 and JUN amplification in pseudomyxoma peritonei: a comprehensive genetic profiling and survival analysis. J Hum Genet 2013; 59:124-8. [PMID: 24369359 PMCID: PMC3973125 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare abdominal malignancy. We hypothesized that next-generation exomic sequencing would identify recurrent mutations that may have prognostic or therapeutic implications. Ten patients were selected on the basis of availability of tissue and adequate follow-up. They were treated at our institution between September 2002 and August 2004. Using next-generation exomic sequencing, we tested for mutations in 236 cancer-related genes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded slides. MCL1 amplification was additionally tested with immunohistochemical staining. Detectable mutations were found in 8 patients (80%). Seven patients harbored a KRAS mutation, most commonly involving codon 12. Four GNAS mutations (R201H/R201C substitutions) were also detected. MCL1 and JUN were concurrently amplified in three patients. One patient with MCL1 and JUN amplification had concurrent amplification of MYC and NFKBIA. ZNF703 was amplified in one patient. Patients with MCL1 amplification were also found to express MCL1 with immunohistochemistry, but MCL1 expression was also detected in some patients without amplification. To our knowledge, we are the first to report MCL1 and JUN coamplification in PMP. Expression of MCL1 may not be completely dependent on amplification. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of these recurrent mutational events are the subject of ongoing investigation.
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Balko JM, Giltnane JM, Wang K, Schwarz LJ, Young CD, Cook RS, Owens P, Sanders ME, Kuba MG, Sánchez V, Kurupi R, Moore PD, Pinto JA, Doimi FD, Gómez H, Horiuchi D, Goga A, Lehmann BD, Bauer JA, Pietenpol JA, Ross JS, Palmer GA, Yelensky R, Cronin M, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Arteaga CL. Molecular profiling of the residual disease of triple-negative breast cancers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy identifies actionable therapeutic targets. Cancer Discov 2013; 4:232-45. [PMID: 24356096 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) induces a pathologic complete response (pCR) in approximately 30% of patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). In patients lacking a pCR, NAC selects a subpopulation of chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells. To understand the molecular underpinnings driving treatment-resistant TNBCs, we performed comprehensive molecular analyses on the residual disease of 74 clinically defined TNBCs after NAC, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 20 matched pretreatment biopsies. Combined NGS and digital RNA expression analysis identified diverse molecular lesions and pathway activation in drug-resistant tumor cells. Ninety percent of the tumors contained a genetic alteration potentially treatable with a currently available targeted therapy. Thus, profiling residual TNBCs after NAC identifies targetable molecular lesions in the chemotherapy-resistant component of the tumor, which may mirror micrometastases destined to recur clinically. These data can guide biomarker-driven adjuvant studies targeting these micrometastases to improve the outcome of patients with TNBC who do not respond completely to NAC. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates the spectrum of genomic alterations present in residual TNBC after NAC. Because TNBCs that do not achieve a CR after NAC are likely to recur as metastatic disease at variable times after surgery, these alterations may guide the selection of targeted therapies immediately after mastectomy before these metastases become evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Balko
- Departments of 1Medicine, 2Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, 3Cancer Biology, and 4Biochemistry; 5Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Departments of 6Cell & Tissue Biology and 7Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; 8Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 9Oncosalud; and 10Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Perú
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26
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Barrett CL, Schwab RB, Jung H, Crain B, Goff DJ, Jamieson CHM, Thistlethwaite PA, Harismendy O, Carson DA, Frazer KA. Transcriptome sequencing of tumor subpopulations reveals a spectrum of therapeutic options for squamous cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58714. [PMID: 23527012 PMCID: PMC3604164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The only therapeutic options that exist for squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) are standard radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to account for therapeutic resistance, suggesting that CSCs must be specifically targeted. Here, we analyze the transcriptome of CSC and non-CSC subpopulations by RNA-seq to identify new potential therapeutic strategies for SCC. Methods We sorted a SCC into CD133− and CD133+ subpopulations and then examined both by copy number analysis (CNA) and whole genome and transcriptome sequencing. We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) transcriptome data of 221 SCCs to determine the generality of our observations. Results Both subpopulations highly expressed numerous mRNA isoforms whose protein products are active drug targets for other cancers; 31 (25%) correspond to 18 genes under active investigation as mAb targets and an additional 4 (3%) are of therapeutic interest. Moreover, we found evidence that both subpopulations were proliferatively driven by very high levels of c-Myc and the TRAIL long isoform (TRAILL) and that normal apoptotic responses to high expression of these genes was prevented through high levels of Mcl-1L and Bcl-xL and c-FlipL—isoforms for which drugs are now in clinical development. SCC RNA-seq data (n = 221) from TCGA supported our findings. Our analysis is inconsistent with the CSC concept that most cells in a cancer have lost their proliferative potential. Furthermore, our study suggests how to target both the CSC and non-CSC subpopulations with one treatment strategy. Conclusions Our study is relevant to SCC in particular for it presents numerous potential options to standard therapy that target the entire tumor. In so doing, it demonstrates how transcriptome sequencing provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of cancer propagating cells that, importantly, can be leveraged to identify new potential therapeutic options for cancers beyond what is possible with DNA sequencing.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/classification
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L. Barrett
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Schwab
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - HyunChul Jung
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Crain
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Goff
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Catriona H. M. Jamieson
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Frazer
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Programming cancer cells for high expression levels of Mcl1. EMBO Rep 2013; 14:328-36. [PMID: 23478333 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2013.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bcl2 pro-survival protein family has long been recognized for its important contributions to cancer. At elevated levels relative to pro-apoptotic effector members, the survival proteins prevent cancer cells from initiating apoptosis in the face of many intrinsic tumour-suppressing pathways and extrinsic therapeutic treatments aimed at controlling tumorigenesis. Recent studies, including genome-wide analyses, have begun to focus attention on a particularly enigmatic member of the family-myeloid cell leukaemia 1 (Mcl1). For reasons that are not clear, Mcl1 in cancer cells is turned over rapidly, eliminated primarily through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Moreover, the mechanistic aspects of this constitutive membrane-associated protein have not been fully elucidated. As the pro-cancer activity of Mcl1 requires elevated expression levels of the protein, the cancer genome adapts to ensure either high levels of synthesis or evasion of degradation, or both. Here, we focus on the complex strategies at play and their therapeutic implications.
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Elkady AI. Crude alkaloid extract of Rhazya stricta inhibits cell growth and sensitizes human lung cancer cells to cisplatin through induction of apoptosis. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:12-21. [PMID: 23569403 PMCID: PMC3615516 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013005000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths in men and women worldwide. Rhazya stricta, an important medicinal plant used in traditional Oriental medicine, possesses anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and free radical scavenging properties. This study was done to explore the potential anticancer activity of a crude alkaloid extract of R. stricta (CAERS) against the NSCLC line A549. CAERS markedly suppressed the growth of A549 cells and considerably enhanced the anti-proliferative potential of cisplatin. CAERS-mediated inhibition of A549 cell growth correlated with the induction of apoptosis that was accompanied by numerous morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, activation of caspases 3 and 9 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. CAERS reduced the constitutive expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1 and Survivin) and cell cycle regulating proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), but enhanced expression of the proapoptotic proteins Noxa and BAD. These observations indicate that CAERS induced apoptosis and sensitized NSCLC to cisplatin via a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. These data provide a rationale for using a combination of CAERS and CDDP to treat NSCLC and other CDDP-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman I Elkady
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Xi S, Xu H, Shan J, Tao Y, Hong JA, Inchauste S, Zhang M, Kunst TF, Mercedes L, Schrump DS. Cigarette smoke mediates epigenetic repression of miR-487b during pulmonary carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1241-61. [PMID: 23426183 PMCID: PMC3582115 DOI: 10.1172/jci61271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are critical mediators of stem cell pluripotency, differentiation, and malignancy. Limited information exists regarding microRNA alterations that facilitate initiation and progression of human lung cancers. In this study, array techniques were used to evaluate microRNA expression in normal human respiratory epithelia and lung cancer cells cultured in the presence or absence of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). Under relevant exposure conditions, CSC significantly repressed miR-487b. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that miR-487b directly targeted SUZ12, BMI1, WNT5A, MYC, and KRAS. Repression of miR-487b correlated with overexpression of these targets in primary lung cancers and coincided with DNA methylation, de novo nucleosome occupancy, and decreased H2AZ and TCF1 levels within the miR-487b genomic locus. Deoxy-azacytidine derepressed miR-487b and attenuated CSC-mediated silencing of miR-487b. Constitutive expression of miR-487b abrogated Wnt signaling, inhibited in vitro proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells mediated by CSC or overexpression of miR-487b targets, and decreased growth and metastatic potential of lung cancer cells in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicate that miR-487b is a tumor suppressor microRNA silenced by epigenetic mechanisms during tobacco-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis and suggest that DNA demethylating agents may be useful for activating miR-487b for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichuan Xi
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Xu
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jigui Shan
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie A. Hong
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzanne Inchauste
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Zhang
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tricia F. Kunst
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Leandro Mercedes
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David S. Schrump
- Thoracic Oncology Section, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Chen S, Xu Y, Chen Y, Li X, Mou W, Wang L, Liu Y, Reisfeld RA, Xiang R, Lv D, Li N. SOX2 gene regulates the transcriptional network of oncogenes and affects tumorigenesis of human lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36326. [PMID: 22615765 PMCID: PMC3352903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) have higher tumorigenesis properties than those of differentiated cancer cells and that transcriptional factor-SOX2 plays a vital role in maintaining the unique properties of CSCs; however, the function and underlying mechanism of SOX2 in carcinogenesis of lung cancer are still elusive. This study applied immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of SOX2 in human lung tissues of normal individuals as well as patients with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell and small cell carcinoma and demonstrated specific overexpression of SOX2 in all types of lung cancer tissues. This finding supports the notion that SOX2 contributes to the tumorigenesis of lung cancer cells and can be used as a diagnostic probe. In addition, obviously higher expression of oncogenes c-MYC, WNT1, WNT2, and NOTCH1 was detected in side population (SP) cells than in non-side population (NSP) cells of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line-A549, revealing a possible mechanism for the tenacious tumorigenic potential of CSCs. To further elucidate the function of SOX2 in tumorigenesis of cancer cells, A549 cells were established with expression of luciferase and doxycycline-inducible shRNA targeting SOX2. We found silencing of SOX2 gene reduces the tumorigenic property of A549 cells with attenuated expression of c-MYC, WNT1, WNT2, and NOTCH1 in xenografted NOD/SCID mice. By using the RNA-Seq method, an additional 246 target cancer genes of SOX2 were revealed. These results present evidence that SOX2 may regulate the expression of oncogenes in CSCs to promote the development of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjun Mou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ralph A. Reisfeld
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Lv
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (NL)
| | - Na Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (NL)
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31
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Tran PT, Bendapudi PK, Lin HJ, Choi P, Koh S, Chen J, Horng G, Hughes NP, Schwartz LH, Miller VA, Kawashima T, Kitamura T, Paik D, Felsher DW. Survival and death signals can predict tumor response to therapy after oncogene inactivation. Sci Transl Med 2012; 3:103ra99. [PMID: 21974937 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancers can exhibit marked tumor regression after oncogene inhibition through a phenomenon called "oncogene addiction." The ability to predict when a tumor will exhibit oncogene addiction would be useful in the development of targeted therapeutics. Oncogene addiction is likely the consequence of many cellular programs. However, we reasoned that many of these inputs may converge on aggregate survival and death signals. To test this, we examined conditional transgenic models of K-ras(G12D)--or MYC-induced lung tumors and lymphoma combined with quantitative imaging and an in situ analysis of biomarkers of proliferation and apoptotic signaling. We then used computational modeling based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to show that oncogene addiction could be modeled as differential changes in survival and death intracellular signals. Our mathematical model could be generalized to different imaging methods (computed tomography and bioluminescence imaging), different oncogenes (K-ras(G12D) and MYC), and several tumor types (lung and lymphoma). Our ODE model could predict the differential dynamics of several putative prosurvival and prodeath signaling factors [phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, Akt1, Stat3/5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/5), and p38] that contribute to the aggregate survival and death signals after oncogene inactivation. Furthermore, we could predict the influence of specific genetic lesions (p53⁻/⁻, Stat3-d358L, and myr-Akt1) on tumor regression after oncogene inactivation. Then, using machine learning based on support vector machine, we applied quantitative imaging methods to human patients to predict both their EGFR genotype and their progression-free survival after treatment with the targeted therapeutic erlotinib. Hence, the consequences of oncogene inactivation can be accurately modeled on the basis of a relatively small number of parameters that may predict when targeted therapeutics will elicit oncogene addiction after oncogene inactivation and hence tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Catuogno S, Cerchia L, Romano G, Pognonec P, Condorelli G, de Franciscis V. miR-34c may protect lung cancer cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2012; 32:341-51. [PMID: 22370637 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of their target genes. They are involved in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, and are considered as promising new therapeutic targets for cancer. However, the identity of miRNAs involved in apoptosis and their respective targets remain largely unknown. Given the elevated complexity of miRNA regulation of gene expression, we performed a functional screening as an alternative strategy to identify those miRNAs that in lung cancer cells may interfere with the apoptotic process. To this aim, we generated a derivative of the non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell line in which caspase-8, a critical upstream initiator of apoptosis, can be activated by administration of the small dimerizer drug AP20187. We found a number of miRNAs that may rescue cell viability from caspase-8 activation. They included miRNAs already described as oncogenic such as miR-17, miR-135 and miR-520, but also some miRNAs such as miR-124-1 and miR-34c for which a tumor-suppressive role has instead been described or expected. Among them, miR-34c-5p markedly increased resistance to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. We demonstrate that Bmf (Bcl-2-modifying factor) is a target of miR-34c-5p, and that its silencing, together with that of c-myc, a known target of miR-34c-5p, contributes to resistance to apoptosis induced by paclitaxel through p53 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Catuogno
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR 'G Salvatore', Naples, Italy
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33
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Yuneva MO, Fan TWM, Allen TD, Higashi RM, Ferraris DV, Tsukamoto T, Matés JM, Alonso FJ, Wang C, Seo Y, Chen X, Bishop JM. The metabolic profile of tumors depends on both the responsible genetic lesion and tissue type. Cell Metab 2012; 15:157-70. [PMID: 22326218 PMCID: PMC3282107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The altered metabolism of tumors has been considered a target for anticancer therapy. However, the relationship between distinct tumor-initiating lesions and anomalies of tumor metabolism in vivo has not been addressed. We report that MYC-induced mouse liver tumors significantly increase both glucose and glutamine catabolism, whereas MET-induced liver tumors use glucose to produce glutamine. Increased glutamine catabolism in MYC-induced liver tumors is associated with decreased levels of glutamine synthetase (Glul) and the switch from Gls2 to Gls1 glutaminase. In contrast to liver tumors, MYC-induced lung tumors display increased expression of both Glul and Gls1 and accumulate glutamine. We also show that inhibition of Gls1 kills cells that overexpress MYC and catabolize glutamine. Our results suggest that the metabolic profiles of tumors are likely to depend on both the genotype and tissue of origin and have implications regarding the design of therapies targeting tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia O Yuneva
- G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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MiR-101 and Mcl-1 in non-small-cell lung cancer: expression profile and clinical significance. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1681-6. [PMID: 21993632 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. MiR-101 has been reported down-regulated in various types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of miR-101 and its target gene Mcl-1 in NSCLC and to assess their clinical significance. QRT-PCR was used in the detection of miR-101 and Mcl-1 mRNA expression both in NSCLC tissue and in adjacent normal lung tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used in the detection of Mcl-1 protein expression. The clinicopathological implications of these molecules were analyzed statistically. Survival analysis was performed to assess prognostic significance. Down-regulation of miR-101 was associated with overexpression of Mcl-1 mRNA in NSCLC tissue when compared with corresponding normal tissue, with a negative correlation (r = -0.724, P < 0.01). MiR-101 expression was significantly associated with pathological stage (P = 0.004) and lymph node involvement (P = 0.012). Overexpression of Mcl-1 was associated with pathological grade (P = 0.022) and lymph node involvement (P = 0.017). A comparison of survival curves of low versus high expressers of miR-101 and Mcl-1 revealed a highly significant difference in NSCLC (P < 0.05), which suggests that reduced expression of miR-101 versus overexpression of Mcl-1 is associated with a poorer prognosis. Our results suggest that down-regulation of miR-101 may result in enhanced expression of Mcl-1 in NSCLC, which consequently favored tumor progression. MiR-101 and Mcl-1 may play important roles as biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targets in NSCLC.
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Jiang Y, Wang W, Wang J, Lu Y, Chen Y, Jin L, Lin D, He F, Wang H. Functional regulatory variants of MCL1 contribute to enhanced promoter activity and reduced risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers: implications for context-dependent phenotype of an antiapoptotic and antiproliferative gene in solid tumor. Cancer 2011; 118:2085-95. [PMID: 21887682 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of molecules that regulate both apoptosis and proliferation is involved in tumorigenesis. A common insertional polymorphism in promoter of MCL1, a member of BCL2 family gene with the dual regulatory functions, has been shown to be functional in leukemia, but its association with cancer predisposition and prognosis has not been well established. We hypothesized that MCL1 promoter variants may modify risk of solid cancer. METHODS We genotyped -190 insertional polymorphism and 3 linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-627A>C, -298G>C, and -235C>A) in 320 lung cancer patients and 362 controls, and analyzed their functional significance. RESULTS We confirmed that these regulatory variants correlated with enhanced promoter activity and elevated expression of both mRNA and protein in solid cancer cells and tissues. We further demonstrated that heightened expression of MCL1 resulted in decreased proliferation ability of lung cancer cells. We found a reduced cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25-0.88) associated with -190 insertional genotype. Stratification analysis further showed pronounced associations in nonsmokers (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.70), in females (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07-0.74), and in the histological type of adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05-0.62). Likewise, homologous diplotype of these polymorhpisms that positively affected gene expression was associated with reduced risk in nonsmokers (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06-0.58). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that common variants in MCL1 promoter correlated with increased transactivation in solid cancer cells and were associated with reduced risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers, suggesting a dominant antiproliferative function of MCL1 against its antiapoptosis effect in development of solid cancer in nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Allen TD, Rodriguez EM, Jones KD, Bishop JM. Activated Notch1 induces lung adenomas in mice and cooperates with Myc in the generation of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6010-8. [PMID: 21803744 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Notch1 encodes the canonical member of the mammalian Notch receptor family. Activating lesions frequently affect Notch1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and, recently, have been found in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well. We explored the oncogenic potential of activated Notch1 in the lung by developing a transgenic mouse model in which activated Notch1 was overexpressed in the alveolar epithelium. The initial response to activated Notch1 was proliferation and the accumulation of alveolar hyperplasia, which was then promptly cleared by apoptosis. After an extended latency period, however, pulmonary adenomas appeared in the transgenic mice but failed to progress to become carcinomas. Interestingly, Myc and MycL1 were expressed in the adenomas, suggesting that selection for enhanced Myc activity may facilitate tumorigenesis. Using mice engineered to coexpress activated Notch1 and Myc, we found that supplementing Myc expression resulted in increased frequency of Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD)-induced adenoma formation and enabled progression to adenocarcinoma and metastases. Cooperation stemmed from synergistic activation of tumor cell cycling, a process that apparently countered any impedance to tumorigenesis posed by Myc and/or activated Notch1-induced apoptosis. Significantly, cooperation was independent of RAS activation. Taken together, the data suggest that activated Notch1 substitutes for RAS activation synergistically with Myc in the development of NSCLC. These tumor models should be valuable for exploring the role of activated Notch1 in the genesis of NSCLC and for testing therapies targeting either activated Notch1 or its downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus D Allen
- G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0552, USA.
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37
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Zhang T, Zhao C, Luo L, Zhao H, Cheng J, Xu F. The expression of Mcl-1 in human cervical cancer and its clinical significance. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1985-91. [PMID: 21674276 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-0005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the role of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 in human carcinogenesis has become an area of great interest as overexpression of the protein has been reported in association with various types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of Mcl-1 in cervical cancer and to assess its clinical significance. Immunohistochemistry was used in the detection of Mcl-1 expression as well as the proliferation index of Ki-67, both in cervical cancer and in corresponding normal tissue. Western blotting analysis was also used for the detection of Mcl-1. The data was correlated with clinicopathological features. Survival analysis was performed to assess prognostic significance. Mcl-1 was overexpressed in cervical cancer tissue when compared with corresponding normal tissue. High expression of Mcl-1 was significantly associated with histological grade (P = 0.039), tumor size (P = 0.024) and lymph node involvement (P = 0.002). Overexpression of Ki-67 was associated with lymph node involvement (P = 0.015) and disease stage (P = 0.012). Spearman rank correlation test demonstrated a positive correlation between Mcl-1 and Ki-67 (P < 0.05). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, a comparison of survival curves of low versus high expressers of Mcl-1 and Ki-67 revealed a highly significant difference in human cervical cancer tissue (P < 0.05), which suggests that overexpression of Mcl-1 and Ki-67 is associated with a poorer prognosis. Our results suggest that Mcl-1 may play an important role in cervical cancer and that it may have potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Its evaluation with Ki-67 may provide reliable prognostic information on cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 48 Huaishu-Xiang, Wuxi, 214002 Jiangsu, China.
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