1
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Jing LP, Li M, Xia XY, Zheng X, Chen JY, He J, Zhuang XW. SIAH2 is specifically expressed during cervical carcinogenesis, and closely relates to the abnormal proliferation of cervical epithelial cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31487. [PMID: 38828323 PMCID: PMC11140618 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. As a RING type ubiquitin ligase, SIAH2 has been reported to promote the progression of a variety of tumors by interacting with and targeting multiple chaperones and substrates. The aim of this study was to further identify the role and the related molecular mechanisms involved of SIAH2 in cervical carcinogenesis. Methods and results Cellular assays in vitro showed that knockdown of SIAH2 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells C33A and SiHa, induced apoptosis, and increased the sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Knockdown of SIAH2 also inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells, which were detected by Western blot. Mechanistically, SIAH2, as a ubiquitin ligase, induced the ubiquitination degradation of GSK3β degradation by using coIP. The results of complementation experiments further demonstrated that GSK3β overexpression rescued the increase of cell proliferation and invasion caused by SIAH2 overexpression. Specific expression of SIAH2 appeared in precancerous and cervical cancer tissues compared to inflammatory cervical lesions tissues using immunohistochemical staining. The more SIAH2 was expressed as the degree of cancer progressed. SIAH2 was significantly highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues (44/55, 80 %) compared with precancerous tissues (18/69, 26.1 %). Moreover, the expression level of SIAH2 in cervical cancer tissues was significantly correlated with the degree of cancer differentiation, and cervical cancer tissues with higher SIAH2 expression levels were less differentiated. Conclusion Targeting SIAH2 may be beneficial to the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-ping Jing
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 110042, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, 250031, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-yan Xia
- Department of Immunology Teaching and Research, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, 250102, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, 250031, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-yu Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, 250031, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing He
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250014, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-wei Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, 250031, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Zhou Q, Gao X, Xu H, Lu X. Non-apoptotic regulatory cell death scoring system to predict the clinical outcome and drug choices in breast cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31342. [PMID: 38813233 PMCID: PMC11133894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC), the most common cancer among women globally, has been shown by numerous studies to significantly involve non-apoptotic regulatory cell death (RCD) in its pathogenesis and progression. Methods We obtained the RNA sequences and clinical data of BC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for the training set, while datasets GSE96058, GSE86166, and GSE20685 from The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were utilized as validation cohorts. Initially, we performed non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering analysis on the BC samples from the TCGA database to discern non-apoptotic RCD-related molecular subtypes. To identify prognostically-relevant non-apoptotic RCD genes (NRGs) and construct a prognostic model, we implemented three machine learning algorithms: lasso regression, random forest, and XGBoost analysis. The expression of selected genes was verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, and The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. The risk signature was evaluated concerning clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram to predict BC patient survival. Results The NMF method successfully compartmentalized patients from the TCGA database into three distinct non-apoptotic RCD-related subtypes, with significant variations observed in immune characteristics and prognostic stratification across these subtypes. We identified 5 differentially expressed NRGs used in establishing the risk signature. Patients with different risk groups exhibited distinct clinicopathological features, drug sensitivity, and prognostic outcomes. A nomogram was subsequently developed, incorporating the NRGs-related risk signature, age, T stage, and N stage, to aid clinical decision-making. Conclusion We identified a novel NRGs-related risk signature, which was expected to become a potential prognostic marker in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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3
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Wu A, Wang X, Zhang F, Yang X, Quan Y, Dong J, Lai Y, Yang D, Sun J, Wang M. YTHDF1 enhances stemness and chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells by upregulating SIAH2. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:417-429. [PMID: 37983722 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal and aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and chemoresistance is the major determinant of TNBC treatment failure. This study explores the molecular mechanism of TNBC chemoresistance. The Cancer Genome Atlas, breast cancer integrative platform, and GEPIA databases were used to analyze the expression and correlation of YTHDF1 and seven in absentia homology 2 (SIAH2) in breast cancer. Knockdown of YTHDF1 and SIAH2, or overexpression of SIAH2 in vitro and in vivo, was conducted to evaluate the impact of changes in YTHDF1 and SIAH2 expression on TNBC cell proliferation, apoptosis, stemness, drug resistance, and Hippo pathway gene expression. YTHDF1 and SIAH2 were highly expressed in breast cancer patients and TNBC cells. Knockdown of YTHDF1 and SIAH2 significantly inhibited proliferation and stemness and promoted apoptosis and chemosensitivity of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, the knockdown of YTHDF1 inhibited the expression of SIAH2, thereby downregulating the Hippo pathway, which inhibited proliferation and stemness and promoted apoptosis and chemosensitivity of TNBC cells. The current findings revealed the regulatory mechanism of YTHDF1 in TNBC and clarified the role of the YTHDF1/SIAH2 axis in TNBC drug resistance and stemness. This could provide new insights into the vital role of targeting YTHDF1/SIAH2 to suppress drug resistance and stemness in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhao Wu
- Department of Mammary Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Mammary Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Tumor 2 Families, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuhang Quan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, China
| | - Junyu Dong
- Department of Mammary Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, China
| | - Yafang Lai
- Department of Kunming Maternal and Child Health Service Centre, Kunming City Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Dechun Yang
- Department of Mammary Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Mammary Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, China
| | - Maohua Wang
- Department of Mammary Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming, China
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4
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Maneix L, Iakova P, Moree SE, Hsu JI, Mistry RM, Stossi F, Lulla P, Sun Z, Sahin E, Yellapragada SV, Catic A. Proteasome Inhibitors Silence Oncogenes in Multiple Myeloma through Localized Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) Stabilization and Chromatin Condensation. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1693-1710. [PMID: 36846090 PMCID: PMC9949381 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have become the standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM). Blocking protein degradation particularly perturbs the homeostasis of short-lived polypeptides such as transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. To determine how proteasome inhibitors directly impact gene regulation, we performed an integrative genomics study in MM cells. We discovered that proteasome inhibitors reduce the turnover of DNA-associated proteins and repress genes necessary for proliferation through epigenetic silencing. Specifically, proteasome inhibition results in the localized accumulation of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) at defined genomic sites, which reduces H3K27 acetylation and increases chromatin condensation. The loss of active chromatin at super-enhancers critical for MM, including the super-enhancer controlling the proto-oncogene c-MYC, reduces metabolic activity and cancer cell growth. Epigenetic silencing is attenuated by HDAC3 depletion, suggesting a tumor-suppressive element of this deacetylase in the context of proteasome inhibition. In the absence of treatment, HDAC3 is continuously removed from DNA by the ubiquitin ligase SIAH2. Overexpression of SIAH2 increases H3K27 acetylation at c-MYC-controlled genes, increases metabolic output, and accelerates cancer cell proliferation. Our studies indicate a novel therapeutic function of proteasome inhibitors in MM by reshaping the epigenetic landscape in an HDAC3-dependent manner. As a result, blocking the proteasome effectively antagonizes c-MYC and the genes controlled by this proto-oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Maneix
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program at the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Polina Iakova
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program at the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shannon E. Moree
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program at the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joanne I. Hsu
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program at the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ragini M. Mistry
- Integrated Microscopy Core and GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Integrated Microscopy Core and GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Premal Lulla
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program at the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zheng Sun
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ergun Sahin
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarvari V. Yellapragada
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - André Catic
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Cell and Gene Therapy Program at the Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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5
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Li K, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The role of Siah2 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Gene 2022; 809:146028. [PMID: 34687788 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seven in absentia homolog 2 (Siah2), an RING E3 ubiquitin ligases, has been characterized to play the vital role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Numerous studies have determined that Siah2 promotes tumorigenesis in a variety of human malignancies such as prostate, lung, gastric, and liver cancers. However, several studies revealed that Siah2 exhibited tumor suppressor function by promoting the proteasome-mediated degradation of several oncoproteins, suggesting that Siah2 could exert its biological function according to different stages of tumor development. Moreover, Siah2 is subject to complex regulation, especially the phosphorylation of Siah2 by a variety of protein kinases to regulate its stability and activity. In this review, we describe the structure and regulation of Siah2 in human cancer. Moreover, we highlight the critical role of Siah2 in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we note that the potential clinical applications of targeting Siah2 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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6
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Targeted delivery of exosomal miR-484 reprograms tumor vasculature for chemotherapy sensitization. Cancer Lett 2022; 530:45-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Lima LG, Ham S, Shin H, Chai EPZ, Lek ESH, Lobb RJ, Müller AF, Mathivanan S, Yeo B, Choi Y, Parker BS, Möller A. Tumor microenvironmental cytokines bound to cancer exosomes determine uptake by cytokine receptor-expressing cells and biodistribution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3543. [PMID: 34112803 PMCID: PMC8192925 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic spread of a cancer to secondary sites is a coordinated, non-random process. Cancer cell-secreted vesicles, especially exosomes, have recently been implicated in the guidance of metastatic dissemination, with specific surface composition determining some aspects of organ-specific localization. Nevertheless, whether the tumor microenvironment influences exosome biodistribution has yet to be investigated. Here, we show that microenvironmental cytokines, particularly CCL2, decorate cancer exosomes via binding to surface glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans, causing exosome accumulation in specific cell subsets and organs. Exosome retention results in changes in the immune landscape within these organs, coupled with a higher metastatic burden. Strikingly, CCL2-decorated exosomes are directed to a subset of cells that express the CCL2 receptor CCR2, demonstrating that exosome-bound cytokines are a crucial determinant of exosome-cell interactions. In addition to the finding that cytokine-conjugated exosomes are detected in the blood of cancer patients, we discovered that healthy subjects derived exosomes are also associated with cytokines. Although displaying a different profile from exosomes isolated from cancer patients, it further indicates that specific combinations of cytokines bound to exosomes could likewise affect other physiological and disease settings. Cancer derived exosomes are reported to promote metastatic dissemination. Here the authors show that cytokines in the tumor microenvironment bind to exosomes via glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans, and these exosomes are preferentially taken up by specific cell lineages and organs to promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luize G Lima
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hyunku Shin
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Edna P Z Chai
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erica S H Lek
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexandra F Müller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda Yeo
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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8
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Ganss R. Tumour vessel remodelling: new opportunities in cancer treatment. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:R35-R43. [PMID: 32923973 PMCID: PMC7439841 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumour growth critically depends on a supportive microenvironment, including the tumour vasculature. Tumour blood vessels are structurally abnormal and functionally anergic which limits drug access and immune responses in solid cancers. Thus, tumour vasculature has been considered an attractive therapeutic target for decades. However, with time, anti-angiogenic therapy has evolved from destruction to structural and functional rehabilitation as understanding of tumour vascular biology became more refined. Vessel remodelling or normalisation strategies which alleviate hypoxia are now coming of age having been shown to have profound effects on the tumour microenvironment. This includes improved tumour perfusion, release from immune suppression and lower metastasis rates. Nevertheless, clinical translation has been slow due to challenges such as the transient nature of current normalisation strategies, limited in vivo monitoring and the heterogeneity of primary and/or metastatic tumour environments, calling for more tailored approaches to vascular remodelling. Despite these setbacks, harnessing vascular plasticity provides unique opportunities for anti-cancer combination therapies in particular anti-angiogenic immunotherapy which are yet to reach their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ganss
- Vascular Biology and Stromal Targeting, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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9
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Hoffmann SHL, Reck DI, Maurer A, Fehrenbacher B, Sceneay JE, Poxleitner M, Öz HH, Ehrlichmann W, Reischl G, Fuchs K, Schaller M, Hartl D, Kneilling M, Möller A, Pichler BJ, Griessinger CM. Visualization and quantification of in vivo homing kinetics of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in primary and metastatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5869-5885. [PMID: 31534525 PMCID: PMC6735369 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immunosuppressive cells of the myeloid compartment and major players in the tumor microenvironment (TME). With increasing numbers of studies describing MDSC involvement in cancer immune escape, cancer metastasis and the dampening of immunotherapy responses, MDSCs are of high interest in current cancer therapy research. Although heavily investigated in the last decades, the in vivo migration dynamics of MDSC subpopulations in tumor- or metastases-bearing mice have not yet been studied extensively. Therefore, we have modified our previously reported intracellular cell labeling method and applied it to in vitro generated MDSCs for the quantitative in vivo monitoring of MDSC migration in primary and metastatic cancer. MDSC migration to primary cancers was further correlated to the frequency of endogenous MDSCs. Methods: Utilizing a 64Cu-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-triacetic acid (NOTA)-modified CD11b-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone M1/70), we were able to label in vitro generated polymorphonuclear (PMN-) and monocytic (M-) MDSCs for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Radiolabeled PMN- and M-MDSCs ([64Cu]PMN-MDSCs and [64Cu]M-MDSCs, respectively) were then adoptively transferred into primary and metastatic MMTV-PyMT-derived (PyMT-) breast cancer- and B16F10 melanoma-bearing experimental animals, and static PET and anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired 3, 24 and 48 h post cell injection. Results: The internalization of the [64Cu]NOTA-mAb-CD11b-complex was completed within 3 h, providing moderately stable radiolabeling with little detrimental effect on cell viability and function as determined by Annexin-V staining and T cell suppression in flow cytometric assays. Further, we could non-invasively and quantitatively monitor the migration and tumor homing of both [64Cu]NOTA-αCD11b-mAb-labeled PMN- and M-MDSCs in mouse models of primary and metastatic breast cancer and melanoma by PET. We were able to visualize and quantify an increased migration of adoptively transferred [64Cu]M-MDSCs than [64Cu]PMN-MDSCs to primary breast cancer lesions. The frequency of endogenous MDSCs in the PyMT breast cancer and B16F10 melanoma model correlated to the uptake values of adoptively transferred MDSCs with higher frequencies of PMN- and M-MDSCs in the more aggressive B16F10 melanoma tumors. Moreover, aggressively growing melanomas and melanoma-metastatic lesions recruited higher percentages of both [64Cu]PMN- and [64Cu]M-MDSCs than primary and metastatic breast cancer lesions as early as 24 h post adoptive MDSC transfer, indicating an overall stronger recruitment of cancer-promoting immunosuppressive MDSCs. Conclusion: Targeting of the cell surface integrin CD11b with a radioactive mAb is feasible for labeling of murine MDSCs for PET imaging. Fast internalization of the [64Cu]NOTA-αCD11b-mAb provides presumably enhanced stability while cell viability and functionality was not significantly affected. Moreover, utilization of the CD11b-specific mAb allows for straightforward adaptation of the labeling approach for in vivo molecular imaging of other myeloid cells of interest in cancer therapy, including monocytes, macrophages or neutrophils.
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10
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Wen SW, Lima LG, Lobb RJ, Norris EL, Hastie ML, Krumeich S, Möller A. Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes Reflect the Cell-of-Origin Phenotype. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800180. [PMID: 30672117 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A manner in which cells can communicate with each other is via secreted nanoparticles termed exosomes. These vesicles contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, and are said to reflect the cell-of-origin. However, for the exosomal protein content, there is limited evidence in the literature to verify this statement. Here, proteomic assessment combined with pathway-enrichment analysis is used to demonstrate that the protein cargo of exosomes reflects the epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype of secreting breast cancer cells. Given that epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity is known to implicate various stages of cancer progression, the results suggest that breast cancer subtypes with distinct epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes may be distinguished by directly assessing the protein content of exosomes. Additionally, the work is a substantial step toward verifying the statement that cell-derived exosomes reflect the phenotype of the cells-of-origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wen Wen
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luize G Lima
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Emma L Norris
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Marcus L Hastie
- Protein Discovery Centre, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
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11
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Identification and characterization of small molecule inhibitors of the ubiquitin ligases Siah1/2 in melanoma and prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:145-162. [PMID: 30771432 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of ubiquitin ligases with small molecule remains a very challenging task, given the lack of catalytic activity of the target and the requirement of disruption of its interactions with other proteins. Siah1/2, which are E3 ubiquitin ligases, are implicated in melanoma and prostate cancer and represent high-value drug targets. We utilized three independent screening approaches in our efforts to identify small-molecule Siah1/2 inhibitors: Affinity Selection-Mass Spectrometry, a protein thermal shift-based assay and an in silico based screen. Inhibitors were assessed for their effect on viability of melanoma and prostate cancer cultures, colony formation, prolyl-hydroxylase-HIF1α signaling, expression of selected Siah2-related transcripts, and Siah2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Several analogs were further characterized, demonstrating improved efficacy. Combination of the top hits identified in the different assays demonstrated an additive effect, pointing to complementing mechanisms that underlie each of these Siah1/2 inhibitors.
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12
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Kwon Y, Kim Y, Jung HS, Jeoung D. Role of HDAC3-miRNA-CAGE Network in Anti-Cancer Drug-Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010051. [PMID: 30583572 PMCID: PMC6337380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification is associated with resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Epigenetic modifications of histones can regulate resistance to anti-cancer drugs. It has been reported that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) regulates responses to anti-cancer drugs, angiogenic potential, and tumorigenic potential of cancer cells in association with cancer-associated genes (CAGE), and in particular, a cancer/testis antigen gene. In this paper, we report the roles of microRNAs that regulate the expression of HDAC3 and CAGE involved in resistance to anti-cancer drugs and associated mechanisms. In this review, roles of HDAC3-miRNAs-CAGE molecular networks in resistance to anti-cancer drugs, and the relevance of HDAC3 as a target for developing anti-cancer drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea.
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
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13
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Ham S, Lima LG, Chai EPZ, Muller A, Lobb RJ, Krumeich S, Wen SW, Wiegmans AP, Möller A. Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes Alter Macrophage Polarization via gp130/STAT3 Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:871. [PMID: 29867925 PMCID: PMC5951966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are being recognized as essential mediators of intercellular communication between cancer and immune cells. It is well established that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) take up tumor-derived exosomes. However, the functional impact of these exosomes on macrophage phenotypes is controversial and not well studied. Here, we show that breast cancer-derived exosomes alter the phenotype of macrophages through the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor beta (glycoprotein 130, gp130)-STAT3 signaling pathway. Addition of breast cancer-derived exosomes to macrophages results in the activation of the IL-6 response pathway, including phosphorylation of the key downstream transcription factor STAT3. Exosomal gp130, which is highly enriched in cancer exosomes, triggers the secretion of IL-6 from BMDMs. Moreover, the exposure of BMDMs to cancer-derived exosomes triggers changes from a conventional toward a polarized phenotype often observed in tumor-associated macrophages. All of these effects can be inhibited through the addition of a gp130 inhibitor to cancer-derived exosomes or by blocking BMDMs exosome uptake. Collectively, this work demonstrates that breast cancer-derived exosomes are capable of inducing IL-6 secretion and a pro-survival phenotype in macrophages, partially via gp130/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luize G Lima
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Edna Pei Zhi Chai
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexandra Muller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medical Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu Wen Wen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian P Wiegmans
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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14
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wu X. The Role of Galectins in Cervical Cancer Biology and Progression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2175927. [PMID: 29854732 PMCID: PMC5964433 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2175927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and high mortality among women in developing countries. The main factors affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer are the late recurrence and metastasis and the effective adjuvant treatment, which is radiation and chemotherapy or combination therapy. Galectins, a family containing many carbohydrate binding proteins, are closely involved in the occurrence and development of tumor. They are involved in tumor cells transformation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and sensitivity against radiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, galectins are deemed as the targets of multifunctional cancer treatment. In this review, we mainly focus on the role of galectins, especially galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-7, and galectin-9 in cervical cancer, and provide theoretical basis for potential targeted treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanshi Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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15
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Intermittent hypoxia induces a metastatic phenotype in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:4214-4225. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Sceneay J, Griessinger CM, Hoffmann SHL, Wen SW, Wong CSF, Krumeich S, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ, Möller A. Tracking the fate of adoptively transferred myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the primary breast tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196040. [PMID: 29677215 PMCID: PMC5909918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid progenitor cells that are expanded in cancer and act as potent suppressors of the anti-tumor immune response. MDSCs consist of two major subsets, namely monocytic (M-) MDSCs and granulocytic (G-) MDSCs that differ with respect to their phenotype, morphology and mechanisms of suppression. Here, we cultured bone marrow cells with IL-6 and GM-CSF in vitro to generate a population of bone marrow MDSCs (BM-MDSCs) similar to G-MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice in regards to phenotype, morphology and suppressive-function. Through fluorescent labeling of these BM-MDSCs and optical imaging, we could visualize the recruitment and localization of BM-MDSCs in breast tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that BM-MDSCs home to primary and metastatic breast tumors, but have no significant effect on tumor growth or progression. Ex vivo flow cytometry characterization of BM-MDSCs after adoptive transfer demonstrated both organ-and tumor-specific effects on their phenotype and differentiation, demonstrating the importance of the local microenvironment on MDSC fate and function. In this study, we have developed a method to generate, visualize and detect BM-MDSCs in vivo and ex vivo through optical imaging and flow cytometry, in order to understand the organ-specific changes rendered to MDSCs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Sceneay
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Christoph M. Griessinger
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina H. L. Hoffmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shu Wen Wen
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Christina S. F. Wong
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Abstract
The cellular response to external stress signals and DNA damage depends on the activity of ubiquitin ligases (E3s), which regulate numerous cellular processes, including homeostasis, metabolism and cell cycle progression. E3s recognize, interact with and ubiquitylate protein substrates in a temporally and spatially regulated manner. The topology of the ubiquitin chains dictates the fate of the substrates, marking them for recognition and degradation by the proteasome or altering their subcellular localization or assembly into functional complexes. Both genetic and epigenetic alterations account for the deregulation of E3s in cancer. Consequently, the stability and/or activity of E3 substrates are also altered, in some cases leading to downregulation of tumour-suppressor activities and upregulation of oncogenic activities. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying E3 regulation and function in tumorigenesis is expected to identify novel prognostic markers and to enable the development of the next generation of anticancer therapies. This Review summarizes the oncogenic and tumour-suppressor roles of selected E3s and highlights novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Senft
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92130, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92130, USA
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel
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18
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Novel Insights Into E3 Ubiquitin Ligase in Cancer Chemoresistance. Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:368-376. [PMID: 29661351 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance can obstruct successful cancer chemotherapy. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has emerged as a crucial player that controls steady-state protein levels regulating multiple biological processes, such as cell cycle, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage response, which are involved in oncogenesis, cancer development, prognosis, and drug resistance. E3 ligases perform the final step in the ubiquitination cascade, and determine which protein becomes ubiquitylated by specifically binding the substrate protein. They are promising drug targets thanks to their ability to regulate protein stability and functions. Although patient survival has increased in recent years with the availability of novel agents, chemoresistance remains a major problem in cancer management. E3 ligases attract increasing attention with advances in chemoresistance knowledge. To explore the role of E3 ligase in cancer chemotherapy resistance and the underlying mechanism, we summarize the growing number of E3 ligases and their substrate proteins, which have emerged as crucial players in cancer chemoresistance and targeted therapies.
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19
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Ong T, Solecki DJ. Seven in Absentia E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Central Regulators of Neural Cell Fate and Neuronal Polarity. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:322. [PMID: 29081737 PMCID: PMC5646344 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During neural development, neural precursors transition from a proliferative state within their germinal niches to a migratory state as they relocate to their final laminar positions. Transitions across these states are coupled with dynamic alterations in cellular polarity. This key feature can be seen throughout the developing vertebrate brain, in which neural stem cells give rise to multipolar or unpolarized transit-amplifying progenitors. These transit-amplifying progenitors then expand to give rise to mature neuronal lineages that become polarized as they initiate radial migration to their final laminar positions. The conventional understanding of the cellular polarity regulatory program has revolved around signaling cascades and transcriptional networks. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries concerning the role of the Siah2 ubiquitin ligase in initiating neuronal polarity during cerebellar development. Given the unique features of Siah ubiquitin ligases, we highlight some of the key substrates that play important roles in cellular polarity and propose a function for the Siah ubiquitin proteasome pathway in mediating a post-translational regulatory network to control the onset of polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren Ong
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Track, Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - David J Solecki
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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20
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Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are fundamental drivers of the cell cycle and are required for the initiation and progression of various malignancies1,2. Pharmacologic inhibitors of CDK4/6 have shown significant activity against several solid tumors3,4. Their primary mechanism of action is thought to be the inhibition of phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor, inducing G1 cell cycle arrest in tumor cells5. Here, we use murine models of breast carcinoma and other solid tumors to show that selective CDK4/6 inhibitors not only induce tumor cell cycle arrest, but also promote anti-tumor immunity. We confirm this phenomenon through transcriptomic analysis of serial biopsies from a clinical trial of CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment for breast cancer. The enhanced anti-tumor immune response has two underpinnings. First, CDK4/6 inhibitors activate tumor cell expression of endogenous retroviral elements, thus increasing intracellular levels of double-stranded RNA. This in turn stimulates production of type III interferons and hence enhances tumor antigen presentation. Second, CDK4/6 inhibitors markedly suppress the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistically, the effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors on both tumor cells and Tregs are associated with reduced activity of the E2F target, DNA methyltransferase 1. Ultimately, these events promote cytotoxic T cell-mediated clearance of tumor cells, which is further enhanced by the addition of immune checkpoint blockade. Our findings indicate that CDK4/6 inhibitors increase tumor immunogenicity and provide rationale for new combination regimens comprising CDK4/6 inhibitors and immunotherapies as anti-cancer treatment.
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21
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Lobb RJ, van Amerongen R, Wiegmans A, Ham S, Larsen JE, Möller A. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal non-small cell lung cancer cells promote chemoresistance. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:614-620. [PMID: 28445609 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer type and the most common cause of mortality in lung cancer patients. NSCLC is often associated with resistance to chemotherapeutics and together with rapid metastatic spread, results in limited treatment options and poor patient survival. NSCLCs are heterogeneous, and consist of epithelial and mesenchymal NSCLC cells. Mesenchymal NSCLC cells are thought to be responsible for the chemoresistance phenotype, but if and how this phenotype can be transferred to other NSCLC cells is currently not known. We hypothesised that small extracellular vesicles, exosomes, secreted by mesenchymal NSCLC cells could potentially transfer the chemoresistance phenotype to surrounding epithelial NSCLC cells. To explore this possibility, we used a unique human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) model in which the parental cells were transformed from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype by introducing oncogenic alterations common in NSCLC. We found that exosomes derived from the oncogenically transformed, mesenchymal HBECs could transfer chemoresistance to the parental, epithelial HBECs and increase ZEB1 mRNA, a master EMT transcription factor, in the recipient cells. Additionally, we demonstrate that exosomes from mesenchymal, but not epithelial HBECs contain the ZEB1 mRNA, thereby providing a potential mechanism for the induction of a mesenchymal phenotype in recipient cells. Together, this work demonstrates for the first time that exosomes derived from mesenchymal, oncogenically transformed lung cells can transfer chemoresistance and mesenchymal phenotypes to recipient cells, likely via the transfer of ZEB1 mRNA in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Lobb
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rosa van Amerongen
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Adrian Wiegmans
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jill E Larsen
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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22
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Membrane-bound β-catenin degradation is enhanced by ETS2-mediated Siah1 induction in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e327. [PMID: 28481365 PMCID: PMC5523059 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin has two different cellular functions: intercellular adhesion and transcriptional activity. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 causes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the cytosolic β-catenin and therefore, impairs nuclear translocation and oncogenic function of β-catenin. However, the effect of Siah1 on the cell membrane bound β-catenin has not been studied. In this study, we identified that the carcinogenic bacterium H. pylori increased ETS2 transcription factor-mediated Siah1 protein expression in gastric cancer cells (GCCs) MKN45, AGS and Kato III. Siah1 protein level was also noticeably higher in gastric adenocarcinoma biopsy samples as compared to non-cancerous gastric epithelia. Siah1 knockdown significantly decreased invasiveness and migration of H. pylori-infected GCCs. Although, Siah1 could not increase degradation of the cytosolic β-catenin and its nuclear translocation, it enhanced degradation of the membrane-bound β-catenin in the infected GCCs. This loss of membrane-bound pool of β-catenin was not associated with the proteasomal degradation of E-cadherin. Thus, this work delineated the role of Siah1 in increasing invasiveness of H. pylori-infected GCCs.
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23
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24
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Zhang Q, Wang Z, Hou F, Harding R, Huang X, Dong A, Walker JR, Tong Y. The substrate binding domains of human SIAH E3 ubiquitin ligases are now crystal clear. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3095-3105. [PMID: 27776223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seven in absentia homologs (SIAHs) comprise a family of highly conserved E3 ubiquitin ligases that play an important role in regulating signalling pathways in tumorigenesis, including the DNA damage repair and hypoxia response pathways. SIAH1 and SIAH2 have been found to function as a tumour repressor and a proto-oncogene, respectively, despite the high sequence identity of their substrate binding domains (SBDs). Ubiquitin-specific protease USP19 is a deubiquitinase that forms a complex with SIAHs and counteracts the ligase function. Much effort has been made to find selective inhibitors of the SIAHs E3 ligases. Menadione was reported to inhibit SIAH2 specifically. METHODS We used X-ray crystallography, peptide array, bioinformatic analysis, and biophysical techniques to characterize the structure and interaction of SIAHs with deubiquitinases and literature reported compounds. RESULTS We solved the crystal structures of SIAH1 in complex with a USP19 peptide and of the apo form SIAH2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the SIAH/USP19 complex is conserved in evolution. We demonstrated that menadione destabilizes both SIAH1 and SIAH2 non-specifically through covalent modification. CONCLUSIONS The SBDs of SIAH E3 ligases are structurally similar with a subtle stability difference. USP19 is the only deubiquitinase that directly binds to SIAHs through the substrate binding pocket. Menadione is not a specific inhibitor for SIAH2. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The crystallographic models provide structural insights into the substrate binding of the SIAH family E3 ubiquitin ligases that are critically involved in regulating cancer-related pathways. Our results suggest caution should be taken when using menadione as a specific SIAH2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Zhongduo Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Feng Hou
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Rachel Harding
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aiping Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John R Walker
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yufeng Tong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
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25
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Adam MG, Matt S, Christian S, Hess-Stumpp H, Haegebarth A, Hofmann TG, Algire C. SIAH ubiquitin ligases regulate breast cancer cell migration and invasion independent of the oxygen status. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3734-47. [PMID: 26654769 PMCID: PMC4825722 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven-in-absentia homolog (SIAH) proteins are evolutionary conserved RING type E3 ubiquitin ligases responsible for the degradation of key molecules regulating DNA damage response, hypoxic adaptation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Many studies suggest a tumorigenic role for SIAH2. In breast cancer patients SIAH2 expression levels correlate with cancer aggressiveness and overall patient survival. In addition, SIAH inhibition reduced metastasis in melanoma. The role of SIAH1 in breast cancer is still ambiguous; both tumorigenic and tumor suppressive functions have been reported. Other studies categorized SIAH ligases as either pro- or antimigratory, while the significance for metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we re-evaluated the effects of SIAH1 and SIAH2 depletion in breast cancer cell lines, focusing on migration and invasion. We successfully knocked down SIAH1 and SIAH2 in several breast cancer cell lines. In luminal type MCF7 cells, this led to stabilization of the SIAH substrate Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain protein 3 (PHD3) and reduced Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) protein levels. Both the knockdown of SIAH1 or SIAH2 led to increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation, with comparable effects. These results point to a tumor promoting role for SIAH1 in breast cancer similar to SIAH2. In addition, depletion of SIAH1 or SIAH2 also led to decreased cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. SIAH knockdown also controlled microtubule dynamics by markedly decreasing the protein levels of stathmin, most likely via p27(Kip1). Collectively, these results suggest that both SIAH ligases promote a migratory cancer cell phenotype and could contribute to metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gordian Adam
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany.,b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
| | - Sonja Matt
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sven Christian
- b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas G Hofmann
- a Cellular Senescence Group ; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ ; Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Carolyn Algire
- b GTRG Oncology II; GDD; Bayer Pharma AG ; Berlin , Germany
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26
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Ader I, Gstalder C, Bouquerel P, Golzio M, Andrieu G, Zalvidea S, Richard S, Sabbadini RA, Malavaud B, Cuvillier O. Neutralizing S1P inhibits intratumoral hypoxia, induces vascular remodelling and sensitizes to chemotherapy in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13803-21. [PMID: 25915662 PMCID: PMC4537051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes neovascularization, increased tumor growth, and therapeutic resistance. The transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), has been reported as the master driver of adaptation to hypoxia. We previously identified the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) pathway as a new modulator of HIF-1α under hypoxia. Taking advantage of a monoclonal antibody neutralizing extracellular S1P (sphingomab), we report that inhibition of S1P extracellular signaling blocks HIF-1α accumulation and activity in several cancer cell models exposed to hypoxia. In an orthotopic xenograft model of prostate cancer, we show that sphingomab reduces hypoxia and modifies vessel architecture within 5 days of treatment, leading to increased intratumoral blood perfusion. Supporting the notion that a transient vascular normalization of tumor vessels is the mechanism by which sphingomab exerts its effects, we demonstrate that administration of the antibody for 5 days before chemotherapy is more effective at local tumor control and metastatic dissemination than any other treatment scheduling. These findings validate sphingomab as a potential new normalization agent that could contribute to successful sensitization of hypoxic tumors to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Gstalder
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Bouquerel
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Andrieu
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Santiago Zalvidea
- INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- INSERM U1046, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Bernard Malavaud
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Hôpital Rangueil, Service d'Urologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
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Wlochowitz D, Haubrock M, Arackal J, Bleckmann A, Wolff A, Beißbarth T, Wingender E, Gültas M. Computational Identification of Key Regulators in Two Different Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Front Genet 2016; 7:42. [PMID: 27092172 PMCID: PMC4820448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are gene regulatory proteins that are essential for an effective regulation of the transcriptional machinery. Today, it is known that their expression plays an important role in several types of cancer. Computational identification of key players in specific cancer cell lines is still an open challenge in cancer research. In this study, we present a systematic approach which combines colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, namely 1638N-T1 and CMT-93, and well-established computational methods in order to compare these cell lines on the level of transcriptional regulation as well as on a pathway level, i.e., the cancer cell-intrinsic pathway repertoire. For this purpose, we firstly applied the Trinity platform to detect signature genes, and then applied analyses of the geneXplain platform to these for detection of upstream transcriptional regulators and their regulatory networks. We created a CRC-specific position weight matrix (PWM) library based on the TRANSFAC database (release 2014.1) to minimize the rate of false predictions in the promoter analyses. Using our proposed workflow, we specifically focused on revealing the similarities and differences in transcriptional regulation between the two CRC cell lines, and report a number of well-known, cancer-associated TFs with significantly enriched binding sites in the promoter regions of the signature genes. We show that, although the signature genes of both cell lines show no overlap, they may still be regulated by common TFs in CRC. Based on our findings, we suggest that canonical Wnt signaling is activated in 1638N-T1, but inhibited in CMT-93 through cross-talks of Wnt signaling with the VDR signaling pathway and/or LXR-related pathways. Furthermore, our findings provide indication of several master regulators being present such as MLK3 and Mapk1 (ERK2) which might be important in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of 1638N-T1 and CMT-93, respectively. Taken together, we provide new insights into the invasive potential of these cell lines, which can be used for development of effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Wlochowitz
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Haubrock
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jetcy Arackal
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Chronic stress in mice remodels lymph vasculature to promote tumour cell dissemination. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10634. [PMID: 26925549 PMCID: PMC4773495 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces signalling from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and drives cancer progression, although the pathways of tumour cell dissemination are unclear. Here we show that chronic stress restructures lymphatic networks within and around tumours to provide pathways for tumour cell escape. We show that VEGFC derived from tumour cells is required for stress to induce lymphatic remodelling and that this depends on COX2 inflammatory signalling from macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of SNS signalling blocks the effect of chronic stress on lymphatic remodelling in vivo and reduces lymphatic metastasis in preclinical cancer models and in patients with breast cancer. These findings reveal unanticipated communication between stress-induced neural signalling and inflammation, which regulates tumour lymphatic architecture and lymphogenous tumour cell dissemination. These findings suggest that limiting the effects of SNS signalling to prevent tumour cell dissemination through lymphatic routes may provide a strategy to improve cancer outcomes. Adverse life events have been associated with reduced survival in cancer patients. Here, the authors explore the mechanism responsible and show that chronic stress in mice activates a signalling cascade in macrophages and tumour cells, which results in restructuring of the tumour lymphatic system, promoting metastasis.
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29
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Chen A, Wong CSF, Liu MCP, House CM, Sceneay J, Bowtell DD, Thompson EW, Möller A. The ubiquitin ligase Siah is a novel regulator of Zeb1 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:862-73. [PMID: 25528765 PMCID: PMC4359261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms that underlie metastasis is of paramount importance to understanding tumor progression and to the development of novel therapeutics. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) plays a vital role in tumor cell dissemination and is regulated by a core cassette of transcription factors. Despite recent advances, the molecular pathways that regulate the EMT program have not yet been fully delineated. We show that Siah ubiquitin ligases regulate Zeb1 protein, a key EMT transcription factor. The induction of EMT in breast cancer cells leads to the down-regulation of Siah, while the loss of Siah induces a mesenchymal phenotype, concurrent with an up-regulation of Zeb1. Overexpression of Siah in vitro mediates Zeb1 degradation, which can be blocked with a Siah peptide inhibitor. Thus, this work demonstrates that Siah is a novel regulator of EMT. This work is the first to identify a mechanism of post-translational regulation of the key Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition transcription factor Zeb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chen
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Christina S F Wong
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Mira C P Liu
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Colin M House
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Australia
| | - Jaclyn Sceneay
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - David D Bowtell
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy 3065, Australia.,St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy 3065, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove 4000, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia
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30
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Moreno P, Lara-Chica M, Soler-Torronteras R, Caro T, Medina M, Álvarez A, Salvatierra Á, Muñoz E, Calzado MA. The Expression of the Ubiquitin Ligase SIAH2 (Seven In Absentia Homolog 2) Is Increased in Human Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143376. [PMID: 26580787 PMCID: PMC4651316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Overall 5-year survival has shown little improvement over the last decades. Seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases that mediate proteasomal protein degradation by poly-ubiquitination. Even though SIAH proteins play a key role in several biological processes, their role in human cancer remains controversial. The aim of the study was to document SIAH2 expression pattern at different levels (mRNA, protein level and immunohistochemistry) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples compared to surrounding healthy tissue from the same patient, and to analyse the association with clinicopathological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-two samples from a patient cohort treated surgically for primary lung cancer were obtained for the study. Genic and protein expression levels of SIAH2 were analysed and compared with clinic-pathologic variables. RESULTS The present study is the first to analyze the SIAH2 expression pattern at different levels (RNA, protein expression and immunohistochemistry) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that SIAH2 protein expression is significantly enhanced in human lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell lung cancer (SCC). Paradoxically, non-significant changes at RNA level were found, suggesting a post-traductional regulatory mechanism. More importantly, an increased correlation between SIAH2 expression and tumor grade was detected, suggesting that this protein could be used as a prognostic biomarker to predict lung cancer progression. Likewise, SIAH2 protein expression showed a strong positive correlation with fluorodeoxyglucose (2-deoxy-2(18F)fluoro-D-glucose) uptake in primary NSCLC, which may assist clinicians in stratifying patients at increased overall risk of poor survival. Additionally, we described an inverse correlation between the expression of SIAH2 and the levels of one of its substrates, the serine/threonine kinase DYRK2. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insight into the potential use of SIAH2 as a novel target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maribel Lara-Chica
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Soler-Torronteras
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa Caro
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Spain, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/ University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Medina
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Spain, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/ University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Álvarez
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángel Salvatierra
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marco A. Calzado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Spain, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/ Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Kilroy G, Carter LE, Newman S, Burk DH, Manuel J, Möller A, Bowtell DD, Mynatt RL, Ghosh S, Floyd ZE. The ubiquitin ligase Siah2 regulates obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2223-32. [PMID: 26380945 PMCID: PMC4633373 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic, low-grade adipose tissue inflammation associated with adipocyte hypertrophy is an important link in the relationship between obesity and insulin resistance. Although ubiquitin ligases regulate inflammatory processes, the role of these enzymes in metabolically driven adipose tissue inflammation is relatively unexplored. Herein, the effect of the ubiquitin ligase Siah2 on obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation was examined. METHODS Wild-type and Siah2KO mice were fed a low- or high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Indirect calorimetry, body composition, and glucose and insulin tolerance were assayed along with glucose and insulin levels. Gene and protein expression, immunohistochemistry, adipocyte size distribution, and lipolysis were also analyzed. RESULTS Enlarged adipocytes in obese Siah2KO mice were not associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance. Proinflammatory gene expression, stress kinase signaling, fibrosis, and crown-like structures were reduced in the Siah2KO adipose tissue, and Siah2KO adipocytes were more responsive to insulin-dependent inhibition of lipolysis. Loss of Siah2 increased expression of PPARγ target genes involved in lipid metabolism and decreased expression of proinflammatory adipokines regulated by PPARγ. CONCLUSIONS Siah2 links adipocyte hypertrophy with adipocyte dysfunction and recruitment of proinflammatory immune cells to adipose tissue. Selective regulation of PPARγ activity is a Siah2-mediated mechanism contributing to obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Kilroy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | - Susan Newman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - David H. Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Justin Manuel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Andreas Möller
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David D. Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Program and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Z. Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Corresponding author: Elizabeth Floyd, PhD, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, Phone: 225-763-2724, FAX: 225-763-0273,
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Loss of Siah2 does not impact angiogenic potential of murine endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2015; 102:38-45. [PMID: 26275748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is triggered in response to hypoxia under many circumstances, from healthy cells and tissues during embryogenesis to pathological conditions like the formation of new blood vessels to supply tumours and promote invasive cancer. Siah2 has been shown to regulate the hypoxia pathway upstream of hypoxia-induced transcription factor subunit Hif-1alpha, and therefore may play an important role in angiogenesis in response to hypoxic stress in endothelial cells. This study aims to investigate the basic function of Siah2 in endothelial cells under hypoxia and to test the ability of Siah2 deficient cells to mount an angiogenic response when deprived of oxygen. We and others have previously shown that Siah2 is crucial for mediating the hypoxic response in many different cell types studied. In this study however, we describe that Siah2(-/-) endothelial cells have an intact hypoxic signalling pathway, including Hif-1alpha stabilisation and gene expression, the first report of a tissue or cell lineage in which the loss of Siah2 does not seem to impact hypoxic response signalling. In mice, the infiltration of Siah2(-/-) endothelial cells into a Matrigel plug containing a VEGF-A attractant was similar compared with wildtype endothelial cells. Ex vivo however, there was a reduced capacity of Siah2(-/-) aorta to form tubes or new vessels. Thus, we conclude that Siah2 is not essential for the hypoxic response of endothelial cells.
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Knauer SK, Mahendrarajah N, Roos WP, Krämer OH. The inducible E3 ubiquitin ligases SIAH1 and SIAH2 perform critical roles in breast and prostate cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:405-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fan L, Peng G, Hussain A, Fazli L, Guns E, Gleave M, Qi J. The Steroidogenic Enzyme AKR1C3 Regulates Stability of the Ubiquitin Ligase Siah2 in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20865-20879. [PMID: 26160177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.662155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-activation of androgen receptor (AR) activity is the main driver for development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. We previously reported that the ubiquitin ligase Siah2 enhanced AR transcriptional activity and prostate cancer cell growth. Among the genes we found to be regulated by Siah2 was AKR1C3, which encodes a key androgen biosynthetic enzyme implicated in castration-resistant prostate cancer development. Here, we found that Siah2 inhibition in CWR22Rv1 prostate cancer cells decreased AKR1C3 expression as well as intracellular androgen levels, concomitant with inhibition of cell growth in vitro and in orthotopic prostate tumors. Re-expression of either wild-type or catalytically inactive forms of AKR1C3 partially rescued AR activity and growth defects in Siah2 knockdown cells, suggesting a nonenzymatic role for AKR1C3 in these outcomes. Unexpectedly, AKR1C3 re-expression in Siah2 knockdown cells elevated Siah2 protein levels, whereas AKR1C3 knockdown had the opposite effect. We further found that AKR1C3 can bind Siah2 and inhibit its self-ubiquitination and degradation, thereby increasing Siah2 protein levels. We observed parallel expression of Siah2 and AKR1C3 in human prostate cancer tissues. Collectively, our findings identify a new role for AKR1C3 in regulating Siah2 stability and thus enhancing Siah2-dependent regulation of AR activity in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Guihong Peng
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Arif Hussain
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Emma Guns
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
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Kim Y, Kim H, Park D, Jeoung D. miR-335 Targets SIAH2 and Confers Sensitivity to Anti-Cancer Drugs by Increasing the Expression of HDAC3. Mol Cells 2015; 38:562-72. [PMID: 25997740 PMCID: PMC4469914 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the role of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in response to anti-cancer drugs. The decreased expression of HDAC3 in anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell line is responsible for the resistance to anti-cancer drugs. In this study, we investigated molecular mechanisms associated with regulation of HDAC3 expression. MG132, an inhibitor of proteasomal degradation, induced the expression of HDAC3 in various anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Ubiquitination of HDAC3 was observed in various anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines. HDAC3 showed an interaction with SIAH2, an ubiquitin E3 ligase, that has increased expression in various anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines. miRNA array analysis showed the decreased expression of miR-335 in these cells. Targetscan analysis predicted the binding of miR-335 to the 3'-UTR of SIAH2. miR-335-mediated increased sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs was associated with its effect on HDAC3 and SIAH2 expression. miR-335 exerted apoptotic effects and inhibited ubiquitination of HDAC3 in anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines. miR-335 negatively regulated the invasion, migration, and growth rate of cancer cells. The mouse xenograft model showed that miR-335 negatively regulated the tumorigenic potential of cancer cells. The down-regulation of SIAH2 conferred sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. The results of the study indicated that the miR-335/SIAH2/HDAC3 axis regulates the response to anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Hyuna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Deokbum Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
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Abstract
Current antiangiogenic therapies have led to the observation that such agents can lead to improved tumor vessel structure and function termed "vascular normalization" which reduces tumor burden. However, vessel normalization is a transient process, and patients often develop resistance/poor response to anti-vascular strategies that remains an important clinical challenge. Therefore, increasing effort has been made to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular normalization and its contribution to immunomodulation. Herein, we summarize the recent effort to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular normalization with a focus on preclinical genetic models. These studies remain important directions for a mechanistic understanding of the complexities of the maintenance of BBB integrity and the impact of its breakdown on tumor dissemination and pharmaco-distribution of therapeutics.
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Gopalsamy A, Hagen T, Swaminathan K. Investigating the molecular basis of Siah1 and Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate specificity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106547. [PMID: 25202994 PMCID: PMC4159269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Siah1 and Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligases play an important role in diverse signaling pathways and have been shown to be deregulated in cancer. The human Siah1 and Siah2 isoforms share high sequence similarity but possess contrary roles in cancer, with Siah1 more often acting as a tumor suppressor while Siah2 functions as a proto-oncogene. The different function of Siah1 and Siah2 in cancer is likely due to the ubiquitination of distinct substrates. Hence, we decided to investigate the molecular basis of the substrate specificity, utilizing the well-characterized Siah2 substrate PHD3. Using chimeric and mutational approaches, we identified critical residues in Siah2 that promote substrate specificity. Thus, we have found that four residues in the N-terminal region of the Siah2 substrate binding domain (SBD) (Ser132, His150, Pro155, Tyr163) are critical for substrate specificity. In the C-terminal region of the SBD, a single residue, Leu250, was identified to promote the specific binding of Siah2 SBD to PHD3. Our study may help to overcome the challenges in the identification of Siah2 specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Gopalsamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thilo Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Qi J, Kim H, Scortegagna M, Ronai ZA. Regulators and effectors of Siah ubiquitin ligases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:15-24. [PMID: 23700162 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Siah ubiquitin ligases are members of the RING finger E3 ligases. The Siah E3s are conserved from fly to mammals. Primarily implicated in cellular stress responses, Siah ligases play a key role in hypoxia, through the regulation of HIF-1α transcription stability and activity. Concomitantly, physiological conditions associated with varying oxygen tension often highlight the importance of Siah, as seen in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Notably, recent studies also point to the role of these ligases in fundamental processes including DNA damage response, cellular organization and polarity. This review summarizes the current understanding of upstream regulators and downstream effectors of Siah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Qi
- Signal Transduction Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Johansson A, Hamzah J, Ganss R. License for destruction: tumor-specific cytokine targeting. Trends Mol Med 2013; 20:16-24. [PMID: 24169116 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stroma is an integral part of solid tumors and plays a key role in growth promotion and immune suppression. Most current therapies focus on destroying tumors and/or abnormal vasculature. However, evidence is emerging that anticancer efficacy improves with vessel normalization rather than destruction. Specific targeting of cytokines into tumors provides proof-of-concept that tumor stroma is dynamic and can be remodeled to increase drug access and alleviate immune suppression. Changing the inflammatory milieu 'opens' tumors for therapy and thus provides a license for destruction. This involves reprogramming of paracrine signaling networks between multiple stromal components to break the vicious cycle of angiogenesis and immune suppression. With active immunotherapy rapidly moving into the clinic, local cytokine delivery emerges as an attractive adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johansson
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Perth, 6000, Australia
| | - Juliana Hamzah
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Perth, 6000, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Perth, 6000, Australia.
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A C-terminal acidic domain regulates degradation of the transcriptional coactivator Bob1. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4628-40. [PMID: 24061476 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01590-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bob1 (Obf-1 or OCA-B) is a 34-kDa transcriptional coactivator encoded by the Pou2af1 gene that is essential for normal B-cell development and immune responses in mice. During lymphocyte activation, Bob1 protein levels dramatically increase independently of mRNA levels, suggesting that the stability of Bob1 is regulated. We used a fluorescent protein-based reporter system to analyze protein stability in response to genetic and physiological perturbations and show that, while Bob1 degradation is proteasome mediated, it does not require ubiquitination of Bob1. Furthermore, degradation of Bob1 in B cells appears to be largely independent of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah. We propose a novel mechanism of Bob1 turnover in B cells, whereby an acidic region in the C terminus of Bob1 regulates the activity of degron signals elsewhere in the protein. Changes that make the C terminus more acidic, including tyrosine phosphorylation-mimetic mutations, stabilize the instable murine Bob1 protein, indicating that B cells may regulate Bob1 stability and activity via signaling pathways. Finally, we show that expressing a stable Bob1 mutant in B cells suppresses cell proliferation and induces changes in surface marker expression commonly seen during B-cell differentiation.
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Noncoding RNA in oncogenesis: a new era of identifying key players. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18319-49. [PMID: 24013378 PMCID: PMC3794782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New discoveries and accelerating progresses in the field of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) continuously challenges our deep-rooted doctrines in biology and sometimes our imagination. A growing body of evidence indicates that ncRNAs are important players in oncogenesis. While a stunning list of ncRNAs has been discovered, only a small portion of them has been examined for their biological activities and very few have been characterized for the molecular mechanisms of their action. To date, ncRNAs have been shown to regulate a wide range of biological processes, including chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, mRNA translation and protein function. Dysregulation of ncRNAs contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of cancers and aberrant ncRNA expression has a high potential to be prognostic in some cancers. Thus, a new cancer research era has begun to identify novel key players of ncRNAs in oncogenesis. In this review, we will first discuss the function and regulation of miRNAs, especially focusing on the interplay between miRNAs and several key cancer genes, including p53, PTEN and c-Myc. We will then summarize the research of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) in cancers. In this part, we will discuss the lncRNAs in four categories based on their activities, including regulating gene expression, acting as miRNA decoys, mediating mRNA translation, and modulating protein activities. At the end, we will also discuss recently unraveled activities of circular RNAs (circRNAs).
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Sceneay J, Liu MCP, Chen A, Wong CSF, Bowtell DDL, Möller A. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevents HIF-1 stabilization under hypoxia in vitro but does not affect tumorigenesis in multiple breast cancer models in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66388. [PMID: 23840457 PMCID: PMC3688768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral hypoxia is a poor prognostic factor associated with reduced disease-free survival in many cancer types, including breast cancer. Hypoxia encourages tumor cell proliferation, stimulates angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Tumor cells respond to a hypoxic state by stabilizing the Hif-1α subunit of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) transcription factor to promote expression of various tumor- and metastasis-promoting hypoxic response genes. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was recently shown to prevent Hif-1α stabilization under hypoxia, and has been identified as a potential alternative method to target the hypoxic response in tumors. We utilized three orthotopic syngeneic murine models of breast cancer, the PyMT, EO771 and 4T1.2 models, to investigate the ability of NAC to modulate the hypoxic response in vitro and in vivo. While NAC prevented Hif-1α stabilization under hypoxia in vitro and increased levels of glutathione in the blood of mice in vivo, this did not translate to a difference in tumor growth or the hypoxic state of the tumor compared to untreated control mice. In addition, NAC treatment actually increased metastatic burden in an experimental metastasis model. This work raises questions regarding the validity of NAC as an anti-tumorigenic agent in breast cancer, and highlights the need to further investigate its properties in vivo in different cancer models.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcysteine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Glutathione/blood
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Phenotype
- Protein Stability
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Sceneay
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mira C. P. Liu
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Chen
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina S. F. Wong
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David D. L. Bowtell
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Ito K, Stannard K, Gabutero E, Clark AM, Neo SY, Onturk S, Blanchard H, Ralph SJ. Galectin-1 as a potent target for cancer therapy: role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:763-78. [PMID: 22706847 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment of a tumor is a highly complex milieu, primarily characterized by immunosuppression, abnormal angiogenesis, and hypoxic regions. These features promote tumor progression and metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis and greater resistance to existing cancer therapies. Galectin-1 is a β-galactoside binding protein that is abundantly secreted by almost all types of malignant tumor cells. The expression of galectin-1 is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and it plays vital pro-tumorigenic roles within the tumor microenvironment. In particular, galectin-1 suppresses T cell-mediated cytotoxic immune responses and promotes tumor angiogenesis. However, since galectin-1 displays many different activities by binding to a number of diverse N- or O-glycan modified target proteins, it has been difficult to fully understand how galectin-1 supports tumor growth and metastasis. This review explores the importance of galectin-1 and glycan expression patterns in the tumor microenvironment and the potential effects of inhibiting galectin-1 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ito
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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Musyoka JN, Liu MC, Pouniotis DS, Wong CS, Bowtell DD, Little PJ, Getachew R, Möller A, Darby IA. Siah2-deficient mice show impaired skin wound repair. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:437-47. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James N. Musyoka
- Health Innovations Research Institute; School of Medical Sciences; RMIT University; Bundoora
| | - Mira C.P. Liu
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Cancer Genomics and Genetics Laboratory; East Melbourne
| | - Dodie S. Pouniotis
- Health Innovations Research Institute; School of Medical Sciences; RMIT University; Bundoora
| | | | | | - Peter J. Little
- Health Innovations Research Institute; School of Medical Sciences; RMIT University; Bundoora
| | - Robel Getachew
- Health Innovations Research Institute; School of Medical Sciences; RMIT University; Bundoora
| | | | - Ian A. Darby
- Health Innovations Research Institute; School of Medical Sciences; RMIT University; Bundoora
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Abstract
Siah ubiquitin ligases play important roles in a number of signaling pathways involved in the progression and spread of cancer in cell-based models, but their role in tumor progression remains controversial. Siah proteins have been described to be both oncogenic and tumor suppressive in a variety of patient cohort studies and animal cancer models. This review collates the current knowledge of Siah in cancer progression and identifies potential methods of translation of these findings into the clinic. Furthermore, key experiments needed to close the gaps in our understanding of the role Siah proteins play in tumor progression are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S F Wong
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Pérez M, García-Limones C, Zapico I, Marina A, Schmitz ML, Muñoz E, Calzado MA. Mutual regulation between SIAH2 and DYRK2 controls hypoxic and genotoxic signaling pathways. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 4:316-30. [PMID: 22878263 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjs047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin E3 ligase SIAH2 is an important regulator of the hypoxic response as it leads to the ubiquitin/proteasomal degradation of prolyl hydroxylases such as PHD3, which in turn increases the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. In the present study, we identify the serine/threonine kinase DYRK2 as SIAH2 interaction partner that phosphorylates SIAH2 at five residues (Ser16, Thr26, Ser28, Ser68, and Thr119). Phosphomimetic and phospho-mutant forms of SIAH2 exhibit different subcellular localizations and consequently change in PHD3 degrading activity. Accordingly, phosphorylated SIAH2 is more active than the wild-type E3 ligase and shows an increased ability to trigger the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional response and angiogenesis. We also found that SIAH2 knockdown increases DYRK2 stability, whereas SIAH2 expression facilitates DYRK2 polyubiquitination and degradation. Hypoxic conditions cause a SIAH2-dependent DYRK2 polyubiquitination and degradation which ultimately also results in an impaired SIAH2 phosphorylation. Similarly, DYRK2-mediated phosphorylation of p53 at Ser46 is impaired under hypoxic conditions, suggesting a molecular mechanism underlying chemotherapy resistance in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Pérez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Wu JM, Staton CA. Anti-angiogenic drug discovery: lessons from the past and thoughts for the future. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:723-43. [PMID: 22716277 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.695774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the pioneering work of Judah Folkman, the discovery of bevacizumab has introduced the use of anti-angiogenic agents as a new modality for the treatment of cancer. Currently, hundreds of clinical trials involving anti-angiogenic agents, targeting different elements of the tumour angiogenesis pathway, are underway. However, thus far, the benefits of anti-angiogenic therapy in unselected patient populations are often marginal with harmful side effects. AREAS COVERED This article presents a detailed discussion of the lessons learnt from the use of bevacizumab and other VEGF pathway inhibitors in the clinical setting. Specifically, this article provides a review of the literature on anti-VEGF agents and other angiogenesis inhibitors used in pre-clinical and clinical trials for cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Future anti-angiogenic drug design centres on multiple protein targets and combinations including: growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factor and tumour endothelial cell markers unique to the tumour vasculature. Furthermore, treatment dosing, scheduling and combination with radiation and chemotherapy require further investigation, as does the potential of treating early disease, and the development of biomarkers which accurately predict response to therapy. These are essential for the future development of these drugs with individualised therapy likely to be the ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M Wu
- University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Microcirculation Research Group, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2RX, UK
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