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Xie H, Wang S, Niu D, Yang C, Bai H, Lei T, Liu H. A bibliometric analysis of the research landscape on vascular normalization in cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29199. [PMID: 38617971 PMCID: PMC11015447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor vascular normalization profoundly affects the advancement of cancer therapy. Currently, with the rapid increase in research on tumor vascular normalization, few analytical and descriptive studies have investigated the trends in its development, key research power, present research hotspots, and future outlooks. In this study, articles and reviews published between January 1, 2003, and October 29, 2022 were retrieved from Web of Science database. Subsequently, published research trends, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords were analyzed based on traditional bibliometric laws (such as Price's exponential growth, Bradford's, Lotka's, and Zipf's). Our results showed that the last two decades have seen an increase in tumor vascular normalization research. USA emerged as the preeminent contributor to the field, boasting the highest H-index and accruing the greatest quantity of publications and citations. Among institutions, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University made significant contributions, and Professor RK Jain was identified as a key leader in this field. Out of 583 academic journals, Cancer Research and Clinical Cancer Research published the most articles on vascular normalization. The research focal points in the field primarily include immunotherapy, tumor microenvironments, nanomedicine, and emerging frontier themes such as metabolism and mechanomedicine. Concurrently, the challenges of vascular normalization in cancer are discussed as well. In conclusion, the study presented a thorough analysis of the literature covering the past 20 years on vascular normalization in cancer, highlighting leading countries, institutions, authors, journals, and the emerging research focal points in this field. Future studies will advance the ongoing efforts in the field of tumor vascular normalization, aiming to enhance our ability to effectively manage and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Xie
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongling Niu
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Med-X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Niu N, Ye J, Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang Y. Regulative Roles of Metabolic Plasticity Caused by Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolysis on the Initiation and Progression of Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087076. [PMID: 37108242 PMCID: PMC10139088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One important feature of tumour development is the regulatory role of metabolic plasticity in maintaining the balance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in cancer cells. In recent years, the transition and/or function of metabolic phenotypes between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in tumour cells have been extensively studied. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the characteristics of metabolic plasticity (emphasizing their effects, such as immune escape, angiogenesis migration, invasiveness, heterogeneity, adhesion, and phenotypic properties of cancers, among others) on tumour progression, including the initiation and progression phases. Thus, this article provides an overall understanding of the influence of abnormal metabolic remodeling on malignant proliferation and pathophysiological changes in carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Niu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Canghai Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Labortaory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Correlation between hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the management of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188869. [PMID: 36842767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is very deadly and difficult to treat. The presence of hypoxia has been shown to increase the probability of cancer developing and spreading. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC/PC) has traditionally viewed a highly lethal form of cancer due to its high occurrence of early metastases. Desmoplasia/stroma is often thick and collagenous, with pancreatic stellate cells as the primary source (PSCs). Cancer cells and other stromal cells interact with PSCs, promoting disease development. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway have been proposed as a growth factor mechanism mediating this interaction. Human growth factor (HGF) is secreted by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and its receptor, c-MET, is generated by pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells. Hypoxia is frequent in malignant tumors, particularly pancreatic (PC). Hypoxia results from limitless tumor development and promotes survival, progression, and invasion. Hypoxic is becoming a critical driver and therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer as its hypoxia microenvironment is defined. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology show that hypoxia promotes tumor proliferation, aggressiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) stabilize hypoxia signaling. Hypoxia cMet is a key component of pancreatic tumor microenvironments, which also have a fibrotic response, that hypoxia, promotes and modulates. c-Met is a tyrosine-protein kinase. As describe it simply, the MET gene in humans' codes for a protein called hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). Most cancerous tumors and pancreatic cancer in particular, suffer from a lack of oxygen (PC). Due to unrestrained tumor development, hypoxia develops, actively contributing to tumor survival, progression, and invasion. As the processes by which hypoxia signaling promotes invasion and metastasis become clear, c-MET has emerged as an important determinant of pancreatic cancer malignancy and a potential pharmacological target. This manuscript provides the most current findings on the role of hypoxia and HGF/c-MET expression in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Upregulation of APOC1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression and Serves as a Potential Therapeutic Target Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:2611105. [PMID: 36908705 PMCID: PMC9995190 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2611105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Approximately 10% of cancer patients worldwide have colorectal cancer (CRC), a prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy with substantial mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this work was to investigate the APOC1 gene's expression patterns in the CRC tumor microenvironment and, using the findings from bioinformatics, to assess the biological function of APOC1 in the development of CRC. Methods The TCGA portal was employed in this investigation to find APOC1 expression in CRC. Its correlation with other genes and clinicopathological data was examined using the UALCAN database. To validate APOC1's cellular location, the Human Protein was employed. In order to forecast the relationship between APOC1 expression and prognosis in CRC patients, the Kaplan-Meier plotter database was used. TISIDB was also employed to evaluate the connection between immune responses and APOC1 expression in CRC. The interactions of APOC1 with other proteins were predicted using STRING. In order to understand the factors that contribute to liver metastasis from CRC, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was done on one patient who had the disease. This procedure included sampling preoperative blood and the main colorectal cancer tissues, surrounding colorectal cancer normal tissues, liver metastatic cancer tissues, and normal liver tissues. Finally, an in vitro knockdown method was used to assess how APOC1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) affected CRC cancer cell growth and migration. Results When compared to paracancerous tissues, APOC1 expression was considerably higher in CRC tissues. The clinicopathological stage and the prognosis of CRC patients had a positive correlation with APOC1 upregulation and a negative correlation, respectively. APOC1 proteins are mostly found in cell cytosols where they may interact with APOE, RAB42, and TREM2. APOC1 was also discovered to have a substantial relationship with immunoinhibitors (CD274, IDO1, and IL10) and immunostimulators (PVR, CD86, and ICOS). According to the results of scRNA-seq, we found that TAMs of CRC tissues had considerably more APOC1 than other cell groups. The proliferation and migration of CRC cells were impeded in vitro by APOC1 knockdown in TAMs. Conclusion Based on scRNA-seq research, the current study shows that APOC1 was overexpressed in TAMs from CRC tissues. By inhibiting APOC1 in TAMs, CRC progression was reduced in vitro, offering a new tactic and giving CRC patients fresh hope.
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PD-L1 Activity Is Associated with Partial EMT and Metabolic Reprogramming in Carcinomas. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8285-8301. [PMID: 36354714 PMCID: PMC9688938 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion and metabolic reprogramming are hallmarks of cancer progression often associated with a poor prognosis and frequently present significant challenges for cancer therapies. Recent studies have highlighted the dynamic interaction between immunosuppression and the dysregulation of energy metabolism in modulating the tumor microenvironment to promote cancer aggressiveness. However, a pan-cancer association among these two hallmarks, and a potent common driver for them-epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-remains to be done. This meta-analysis across 184 publicly available transcriptomic datasets as well as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data reveals that an enhanced PD-L1 activity signature along with other immune checkpoint markers correlate positively with a partial EMT and an elevated glycolysis signature but a reduced OXPHOS signature in many carcinomas. These trends were also recapitulated in single-cell, RNA-seq, time-course EMT induction data across cell lines. Furthermore, across multiple cancer types, concurrent enrichment of glycolysis and PD-L1 results in worse outcomes in terms of overall survival as compared to enrichment for only PD-L1 activity or expression. These results highlight potential functional synergy among these interconnected axes of cellular plasticity in enabling metastasis and multi-drug resistance in cancer.
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Wu S, Zhang H, Gao C, Chen J, Li H, Meng Z, Bai J, Shen Q, Wu H, Yin T. Hyperglycemia Enhances Immunosuppression and Aerobic Glycolysis of Pancreatic Cancer Through Upregulating Bmi1-UPF1-HK2 Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:1146-1165. [PMID: 35863742 PMCID: PMC9606831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that hyperglycemia promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). Approximately 80% of patients with PC are intolerant to hyperglycemic conditions. In this study, we define the role of Bmi1, a stemness-related oncogene, in controlling the Warburg effect, and immune suppression under hyperglycemia conditions. METHODS The diabetes mellitus model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The role of the hyperglycemia-Bmi1-HK2 axis in glycolysis-related immunosuppression was examined in both orthotopic and xenograft in vivo models. Evaluation of immune infiltrates was carried out by flow cytometry. Human PC cell lines, SW1990, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1, were used for mechanistic in vitro studies. RESULTS Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that hyperglycemia was strongly related to aerobic glycolysis, immunosuppression, and cancer cell stemness. High glucose condition in the tumor microenvironment promotes immune suppression by upregulating glycolysis in PC cells, which can be rescued via knockdown Bmi1 expression or after 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatment. Through gain-/loss-of-function assessments, we found that Bmi1 upregulated the expression of UPF1, which enhanced the stability of HK2 mRNA and thereby increased the expression of HK2. The role of the hyperglycemia-Bmi-HK2 pathway in the inhibition of antitumor immunity was further verified via the immune-competent and immunodeficient mice model. We also demonstrated that hyperglycemia promotes the expression of Bmi1 by elevating the intracellular acetyl-CoA levels and histone H4 acetylation levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the previously unreported Bmi1-UPF1-HK2 pathway contributes to PC progression and immunosuppression, which may bring in new targets for developing effective therapies to treat patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenggang Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoshun Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zibo Meng
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jianwei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Tao Yin, MD, PhD, Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Tel: +86 027-85351631.
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Wang X, Lv Z, Xia H, Guo X, Wang J, Wang J, Liu M. Biochemical recurrence related metabolic novel signature associates with immunity and ADT treatment responses in prostate cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:862-878. [PMID: 35681277 PMCID: PMC9844602 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a unique cancer from a metabolic perspective. Androgen receptor assumes a vital part in normal and malignant prostate cells regarding almost all aspects of cell metabolism, such as glucose, fat, amino acids, nucleotides, and so on. METHODS We used The Cancer Genome Atlas database as training set, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center cohort as validation set, and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE70769) as test set to identify the optimal prognostic signature. We evaluated the signature in terms of biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), ROC curve, clinicopathological features, independent prognostic indicators, tumor microenvironment, and infiltrating immune cells. Nomogram was built dependent on the results of cox regression analyses. GSEA algorithm was used to evaluate differences in metabolism. The signature's prediction of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) response was validated based on two groups of basic cytological experiments treat with ADT (GSE143408 and GSE120343) and the transcriptional information of pre-ADT/post-ADT of six local PCa patients. RESULTS We finally input four screened genes into the stepwise regression model to construct metabolism-related signature. The signature shows good prediction performance in training set, verification set, and test set. A nomogram based on the PSA, Gleason score, T staging, and the signature risk score could predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year bPFS with the high area under curve values. Based on gene-set enrichment analysis, the characteristics of four genes signature could influence some important metabolic biological processes of PCa and were serendipitously found to be significantly related to androgen response. Subsequently, two cytological experimental data sets and our local patient sequencing data set verified that the signature may be helpful to evaluate the therapeutic response of PCa to ADT. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic study definite a metabolism-related gene signature to foresee prognosis of PCa patients which might add to individual prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of UrologyBeijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtong Lv
- Department of UrologyBeijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Xia
- Department of UrologyBeijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of UrologyBeijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Department of UrologyBeijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of UrologyBeijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of UrologyBeijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Maliekal TT, Dharmapal D, Sengupta S. Tubulin Isotypes: Emerging Roles in Defining Cancer Stem Cell Niche. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876278. [PMID: 35693789 PMCID: PMC9179084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of microtubule dynamics in cancer progression is well-established, the roles of tubulin isotypes, their cargos and their specific function in the induction and sustenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) were poorly explored. But emerging reports urge to focus on the transport function of tubulin isotypes in defining orchestrated expression of functionally critical molecules in establishing a stem cell niche, which is the key for CSC regulation. In this review, we summarize the role of specific tubulin isotypes in the transport of functional molecules that regulate metabolic reprogramming, which leads to the induction of CSCs and immune evasion. Recently, the surface expression of GLUT1 and GRP78 as well as voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) permeability, regulated by specific isotypes of β-tubulins have been shown to impart CSC properties to cancer cells, by implementing a metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, βIVb tubulin is shown to be critical in modulating EphrinB1signaling to sustain CSCs in oral carcinoma. These tubulin-interacting molecules, Ephrins, GLUT1 and GRP78, are also important regulators of immune evasion, by evoking PD-L1 mediated T-cell suppression. Thus, the recent advances in the field implicate that tubulins play a role in the controlled transport of molecules involved in CSC niche. The indication of tubulin isotypes in the regulation of CSCs offers a strategy to specifically target those tubulin isotypes to eliminate CSCs, rather than the general inhibition of microtubules, which usually leads to therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy Thomas Maliekal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
- *Correspondence: Tessy Thomas Maliekal, ; Suparna Sengupta,
| | - Dhrishya Dharmapal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- University of Kerala, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Suparna Sengupta
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
- University of Kerala, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: Tessy Thomas Maliekal, ; Suparna Sengupta,
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Choi SH, Yoo SS, Lee SY, Park JY. Anti-angiogenesis revisited: reshaping the treatment landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:263-279. [PMID: 35449345 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although anti-angiogenic agents have been of limited use in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) until recently, further roles for the use of angiogenesis inhibition have emerged in the era of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Given the shared common downstream signals of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with their complementary roles in tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis, the dual inhibition of EGFR and VEGF pathways represents a rational strategy to maximize clinical efficacy and overcome resistance in the treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC. VEGF-driven angiogenesis is a potent driver of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), with the recruited immunosuppressive cells driving angiogenesis, highlighting the interplay between the tumor vasculature and the anticancer immunity. Anti-angiogenic therapy can normalize the tumor vasculature and reprogram the TME from immunosuppressive into immunosupportive. Intensive research is under way to utilize the anti-angiogenic combination therapy to its full potential in diverse clinical settings in urgent unmet needs for the treatment of NSCLC. In this review, we present an overview of tumor angiogenesis and summarize the scientific background and preclinical and clinical evidence of anti-angiogenic therapy in combination with target therapy and immunotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea. .,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Korea. .,Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea.,Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, 41404, Korea
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Targeting oncometabolism to maximize immunotherapy in malignant brain tumors. Oncogene 2022; 41:2663-2671. [PMID: 35430605 PMCID: PMC9081266 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors result in significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Recent data indicates that immunotherapies may offer a survival benefit after standard of care has failed for malignant brain tumors. Modest results from several late phase clinical trials, however, underscore the need for more refined, comprehensive strategies that incorporate new mechanistic and pharmacologic knowledge. Recently, oncometabolism has emerged as an adjunct modality for combinatorial treatment approaches necessitated by the aggressive, refractory nature of high-grade glioma and other progressive malignant brain tumors. Manipulation of metabolic processes in cancer and immune cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment through controlled targeting of oncogenic pathways may be utilized to maximize the efficacy of immunotherapy and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we summarize preclinical and early phase clinical trial research of oncometabolism-based therapeutics that may augment immunotherapy by exploiting the biochemical and genetic underpinnings of brain tumors. We also examine metabolic pathways related to immune cells that target tumor cells, termed ‘tumor immunometabolism’. Specifically, we focus on glycolysis and altered glucose metabolism, including glucose transporters, hexokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase, glutamine, and we discuss targeting arginase, adenosine, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and toll-like receptors. Lastly, we summarize future directions targeting metabolism in combination with emerging therapies such as oncolytic virotherapy, vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
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van Genugten EAJ, Weijers JAM, Heskamp S, Kneilling M, van den Heuvel MM, Piet B, Bussink J, Hendriks LEL, Aarntzen EHJG. Imaging the Rewired Metabolism in Lung Cancer in Relation to Immune Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 11:786089. [PMID: 35070990 PMCID: PMC8779734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.786089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Alterations in the micro-environmental metabolic characteristics are recognized as important tools for cancer cells to interact with the resident and infiltrating T-cells within this tumor microenvironment. Cancer-induced metabolic changes in the micro-environment also affect treatment outcomes. In particular, immune therapy efficacy might be blunted because of somatic mutation-driven metabolic determinants of lung cancer such as acidity and oxygenation status. Based on these observations, new onco-immunological treatment strategies increasingly include drugs that interfere with metabolic pathways that consequently affect the composition of the lung cancer tumor microenvironment (TME). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has developed a wide array of tracers targeting metabolic pathways, originally intended to improve cancer detection and staging. Paralleling the developments in understanding metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, as well as its effects on stromal, immune, and endothelial cells, a wave of studies with additional imaging tracers has been published. These tracers are yet underexploited in the perspective of immune therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of currently available PET tracers for clinical studies and discuss their potential roles in the development of effective immune therapeutic strategies, with a focus on lung cancer. We report on ongoing efforts that include PET/CT to understand the outcomes of interactions between cancer cells and T-cells in the lung cancer microenvironment, and we identify areas of research which are yet unchartered. Thereby, we aim to provide a starting point for molecular imaging driven studies to understand and exploit metabolic features of lung cancer to optimize immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien A J van Genugten
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jetty A M Weijers
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Berber Piet
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboudumc, Netherlands
| | - Lizza E L Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (UMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
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12
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Zhu L, Yang F, Li X, Li Q, Zhong C. Glycolysis Changes the Microenvironment and Therapeutic Response Under the Driver of Gene Mutation in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:743133. [PMID: 34956314 PMCID: PMC8693172 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.743133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most leading and lethal malignancies. Glycolysis and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are responsible for cancer progressions. We aimed to study the relationships between glycolysis, TME, and therapeutic response in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Materials and Methods: We used the ESTIMATE algorithm to divide EAC patients into ESTIMATE high and ESTIMATE low groups based on the gene expression data downloaded from TCGA. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to identify different glycolytic genes in the TME between the two groups. The prognostic gene signature for overall survival (OS) was established through Cox regression analysis. Impacts of glycolytic genes on immune cells were assessed and validated. Next, we conducted the glycolytic gene mutation analysis and drug therapeutic response analysis between the two groups. Finally, the GEO database was employed to validate the impact of glycolysis on TME in patients with EAC. Results: A total of 78 EAC patients with gene expression profiles and clinical information were included for analysis. Functional enrichment results showed that the genes between ESTIMATE high and ESTIMATE low groups (N = 39, respectively) were strongly related with glycolytic and ATP/ADP metabolic pathways. Patients in the low-risk group had probabilities to survive longer than those in the high-risk group (p < 0.001). Glycolytic genes had significant impacts on the components of immune cells in TME, especially on the T-cells and dendritic cells. In the high-risk group, the most common mutant genes were TP53 and TTN, and the most frequent mutation type was missense mutation. Glycolysis significantly influenced drug sensitivity, and high tumor mutation burden (TMB) was associated with better immunotherapeutic response. GEO results confirmed that glycolysis had significant impacts on immune cell contents in TME. Conclusion: We performed a comprehensive study of glycolysis and TME and demonstrated that glycolysis could influence the microenvironment and drug therapeutic response in EAC. Evaluation of the glycolysis pattern could help identify the individualized therapeutic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fugui Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinchuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Yu X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Yin G, Liu J, Chen W, Zhu L, Xu W, Li X. The Predictive Role of Immune Related Subgroup Classification in Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:771830. [PMID: 34721552 PMCID: PMC8554034 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.771830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predictive role of immune-related subgroup classification in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy remains largely incomplete. Methods: Transcriptomics analysis was performed to evaluate the association between immune landscape and ICB therapy in lung adenocarcinoma and the associated underlying mechanism. First, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and K-means algorithm were used to identify immune related subgroups for LUAD cohort from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 572). Second, the immune associated signatures of the identified subgroups were characterized by evaluating the status of immune checkpoint associated genes and the immune cell infiltration. Then, potential responses to ICB therapy based on the aforementioned immune related subgroup classification were evaluated via tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm analysis, and survival analysis and further Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were also performed for LUAD. In the end, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the metabolic mechanism potentially responsible for immune related subgroup clustering. Additionally, two LUAD cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used as validation cohort. Results: A total of three immune related subgroups with different immune-associated signatures were identified for LUAD. Among them, subgroup 1 with higher infiltration scores for effector immune cells and immune checkpoint associated genes exhibited a potential response to IBC therapy and a better survival, whereas subgroup 3 with lower scores for immune checkpoint associated genes but higher infiltration scores for suppressive immune cells tended to be insensitive to ICB therapy and have an unfavorable prognosis. GSEA revealed that the status of glucometabolic reprogramming in LUAD was potentially responsible for the immune-related subgroup classification. Conclusion: In summary, immune related subgroup clustering based on distinct immune associated signatures will enable us to screen potentially responsive LUAD patients for ICB therapy before treatment, and the discovery of metabolism associated mechanism is beneficial to comprehensive therapeutic strategies making involving ICB therapy in combination with metabolism intervention for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Yu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Guotao Yin
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjing Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wengui Xu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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14
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Kareva I, Luddy KA, O’Farrelly C, Gatenby RA, Brown JS. Predator-Prey in Tumor-Immune Interactions: A Wrong Model or Just an Incomplete One? Front Immunol 2021; 12:668221. [PMID: 34531851 PMCID: PMC8438324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-immune interactions are often framed as predator-prey. This imperfect analogy describes how immune cells (the predators) hunt and kill immunogenic tumor cells (the prey). It allows for evaluation of tumor cell populations that change over time during immunoediting and it also considers how the immune system changes in response to these alterations. However, two aspects of predator-prey type models are not typically observed in immuno-oncology. The first concerns the conversion of prey killed into predator biomass. In standard predator-prey models, the predator relies on the prey for nutrients, while in the tumor microenvironment the predator and prey compete for resources (e.g. glucose). The second concerns oscillatory dynamics. Standard predator-prey models can show a perpetual cycling in both prey and predator population sizes, while in oncology we see increases in tumor volume and decreases in infiltrating immune cell populations. Here we discuss the applicability of predator-prey models in the context of cancer immunology and evaluate possible causes for discrepancies. Key processes include "safety in numbers", resource availability, time delays, interference competition, and immunoediting. Finally, we propose a way forward to reconcile differences between model predictions and empirical observations. The immune system is not just predator-prey. Like natural food webs, the immune-tumor community of cell types forms an immune-web of different and identifiable interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kareva
- EMD Serono, Merck KGaA, Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Luddy
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O’Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert A. Gatenby
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Joel S. Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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15
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Di Pompo G, Cortini M, Baldini N, Avnet S. Acid Microenvironment in Bone Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153848. [PMID: 34359749 PMCID: PMC8345667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although rare, malignant bone sarcomas have devastating clinical implications for the health and survival of young adults and children. To date, efforts to identify the molecular drivers and targets have focused on cancer cells or on the interplay between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. On the contrary, in the current literature, the role of the chemical-physical conditions of the tumour microenvironment that may be implicated in sarcoma aggressiveness and progression are poorly reported and discussed. Among these, extracellular acidosis is a well-recognized hallmark of bone sarcomas and promotes cancer growth and dissemination but data presented on this topic are fragmented. Hence, we intended to provide a general and comprehensive overview of the causes and implications of acidosis in bone sarcoma. Abstract In bone sarcomas, extracellular proton accumulation is an intrinsic driver of malignancy. Extracellular acidosis increases stemness, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy of cancer cells. It reprograms tumour-associated stroma into a protumour phenotype through the release of inflammatory cytokines. It affects bone homeostasis, as extracellular proton accumulation is perceived by acid-sensing ion channels located at the cell membrane of normal bone cells. In bone, acidosis results from the altered glycolytic metabolism of bone cancer cells and the resorption activity of tumour-induced osteoclasts that share the same ecosystem. Proton extrusion activity is mediated by extruders and transporters located at the cell membrane of normal and transformed cells, including vacuolar ATPase and carbonic anhydrase IX, or by the release of highly acidic lysosomes by exocytosis. To date, a number of investigations have focused on the effects of acidosis and its inhibition in bone sarcomas, including studies evaluating the use of photodynamic therapy. In this review, we will discuss the current status of all findings on extracellular acidosis in bone sarcomas, with a specific focus on the characteristics of the bone microenvironment and the acid-targeting therapeutic approaches that are currently being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.D.P.); (M.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Margherita Cortini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.D.P.); (M.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.D.P.); (M.C.); (N.B.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Khan A, Siddiqui S, Husain SA, Mazurek S, Iqbal MA. Phytocompounds Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer: An Assessment of Role, Mechanisms, Pathways, and Therapeutic Relevance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6897-6928. [PMID: 34133161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of cancer is remarkably different from that of normal cells and confers a variety of benefits, including the promotion of other cancer hallmarks. As the rewired metabolism is a near-universal property of cancer cells, efforts are underway to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic benefits. In the continued search for safer and effective ways of cancer treatment, structurally diverse plant-based compounds have gained substantial attention. Here, we present an extensive assessment of the role of phytocompounds in modulating cancer metabolism and attempt to make a case for the use of plant-based compounds in targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer. We discuss the pharmacological interactions of phytocompounds with major metabolic pathways and evaluate the role of phytocompounds in the regulation of growth signaling and transcriptional programs involved in the metabolic transformation of cancer. Lastly, we examine the potential of these compounds in the clinical management of cancer along with limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shumaila Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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17
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Metabolic reprogramming due to hypoxia in pancreatic cancer: Implications for tumor formation, immunity, and more. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111798. [PMID: 34120068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in most malignant tumors, especially in pancreatic cancer (PC). Hypoxia is the result of unlimited tumor growth and plays an active role in promoting tumor survival, progression, and invasion. As the part of the hypoxia microenvironment in PC is gradually clarified, hypoxia is becoming a key determinant and an important therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer. To adapt to the severe hypoxia environment, cells have changed their metabolic phenotypes to maintain their survival and proliferation. Enhanced glycolysis is the most prominent feature of cancer cells' metabolic reprogramming in response to hypoxia. It provides the energy source for hypoxic cancer cells (although it provides less than oxidative phosphorylation) and produces metabolites that can be absorbed and utilized by normoxic cancer cells. In addition, the uptake of glutamine and fatty acids by hypoxic cancer cells is also increased, which is also conducive to tumor progression. Their metabolites are pooled in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). As a nutrition sensor, HBP, in turn, can coordinate glucose and glutamine metabolism. Its end product, UDP-GlcNAc, is the substrate of protein post-translational modification (PTM) involved in various signaling pathways supporting tumor progression. Adaptive metabolic changes of cancer cells promote their survival and affect tumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and induces tumor immunotherapy resistance. Here, we summarize the hypoxic microenvironment, its effect on metabolic reprogramming, and its contribution to immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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18
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ETV4 promotes breast cancer cell stemness by activating glycolysis and CXCR4-mediated sonic Hedgehog signaling. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:126. [PMID: 34052833 PMCID: PMC8164634 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a major cause of tumor treatment resistance, relapse and metastasis. Cancer cells exhibit reprogrammed metabolism characterized by aerobic glycolysis, which is also critical for sustaining cancer stemness. However, regulation of cancer cell metabolism rewiring and stemness is not completely understood. Here, we report that ETV4 is a key transcription factor in regulating glycolytic gene expression. ETV4 loss significantly inhibits the expression of HK2, LDHA as well as other glycolytic enzymes, reduces glucose uptake and lactate release in breast cancer cells. In human breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, ETV4 expression is positively correlated with glycolytic signaling. Moreover, we confirm that breast CSCs (BCSCs) are glycolysis-dependent and show that ETV4 is required for BCSC maintenance. ETV4 is enriched in BCSCs, its knockdown and overexpression suppresses and promotes breast cancer cell stem-like traits, respectively. Mechanistically, on the one hand, we find that ETV4 may enhance glycolysis activity to facilitate breast cancer stemness; on the other, ETV4 activates Sonic Hedgehog signaling by transcriptionally promoting CXCR4 expression. A xenograft assay validates the tumor growth-impeding effect and inhibition of CXCR4/SHH/GLI1 signaling cascade after ETV4 depletion. Together, our study highlights the potential roles of ETV4 in promoting cancer cell glycolytic shift and BCSC maintenance and reveals the molecular basis.
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19
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Hyder F, Coman D. Imaging Extracellular Acidification and Immune Activation in Cancer. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 18. [PMID: 33997581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism reveals pathways by which cells, in healthy and disease tissues, use nutrients to fuel their function and (re)growth. However, gene-centric views have dominated cancer hallmarks, relegating metabolic reprogramming that all cells in the tumor niche undergo as an incidental phenomenon. Aerobic glycolysis in cancer is well known, but recent evidence suggests that diverse symbolic traits of cancer cells are derived from oncogene-directed metabolism required for their sustenance and evolution. Cells in the tumor milieu actively metabolize different nutrients, but proficiently secrete acidic by-products using diverse mechanisms to create a hostile ecosystem for host cells, and where local immune cells suffer collateral damage. Since metabolic interactions between cancer and immune cells hold promise for future cancer therapies, here we focus on translational magnetic resonance methods enabling in vivo and simultaneous detection of tumor habitat acidification and immune activation - innovations for monitoring personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Quantitative Neuroimaging with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR) Research Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Aghakhani S, Zerrouk N, Niarakis A. Metabolic Reprogramming of Fibroblasts as Therapeutic Target in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cancer: Deciphering Key Mechanisms Using Computational Systems Biology Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010035. [PMID: 33374292 PMCID: PMC7795338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts, the most abundant cells in the connective tissue, are key modulators of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. These spindle-shaped cells are capable of synthesizing various extracellular matrix proteins and collagen. They also provide the structural framework (stroma) for tissues and play a pivotal role in the wound healing process. While they are maintainers of the ECM turnover and regulate several physiological processes, they can also undergo transformations responding to certain stimuli and display aggressive phenotypes that contribute to disease pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the metabolic pathways of glucose and highlight metabolic reprogramming as a critical event that contributes to the transition of fibroblasts from quiescent to activated and aggressive cells. We also cover the emerging evidence that allows us to draw parallels between fibroblasts in autoimmune disorders and more specifically in rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. We link the metabolic changes of fibroblasts to the toxic environment created by the disease condition and discuss how targeting of metabolic reprogramming could be employed in the treatment of such diseases. Lastly, we discuss Systems Biology approaches, and more specifically, computational modeling, as a means to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms and accelerate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Aghakhani
- GenHotel, University of Evry, University of Paris-Saclay, Genopole, 91000 Evry, France; (S.A.); (N.Z.)
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Naouel Zerrouk
- GenHotel, University of Evry, University of Paris-Saclay, Genopole, 91000 Evry, France; (S.A.); (N.Z.)
| | - Anna Niarakis
- GenHotel, University of Evry, University of Paris-Saclay, Genopole, 91000 Evry, France; (S.A.); (N.Z.)
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Correspondence:
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21
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de Azevedo RA, Shoshan E, Whang S, Markel G, Jaiswal AR, Liu A, Curran MA, Travassos LR, Bar-Eli M. MIF inhibition as a strategy for overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1846915. [PMID: 33344042 PMCID: PMC7733907 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1846915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated an impressive outcome in patients with metastatic melanoma, yet, durable complete response; even with Ipilimumab/Nivolumab combo are under 30%. Primary and acquired resistance in response to ICB is commonly due to a tumor immune escape mechanism dictated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Macrophage Migratory Inhibition Factor (MIF) has emerged as an immunosuppressive factor secreted in the TME. We have previously demonstrated that blockade of the MIF-CD74 signaling on macrophages and dendritic cells restored the anti-tumor immune response against melanoma. Here, we report that inhibition of the MIF-CD74 axis combined with ipilimumab could render resistant melanoma to better respond to anti-CTLA-4 treatment. We provide evidence that blocking the MIF-CD74 signaling potentiates CD8+ T-cells infiltration and drives pro-inflammatory M1 conversion of macrophages in the TME. Furthermore, MIF inhibition resulted in reprogramming the metabolic pathway by reducing lactate production, HIF-1α and PD-L1 expression in the resistant melanoma cells. Melanoma patient data extracted from the TCGA database supports the hypothesis that high MIF expression strongly correlates with poor response to ICB therapy. Our findings provide a rationale for combining anti-CTLA-4 with MIF inhibitors as a potential strategy to overcome resistance to ICB therapy in melanoma, turning a "cold" tumor into a "hot" one mediated by the activation of innate immunity and reprogramming of tumor metabolism and reduced PD-L1 expression in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A de Azevedo
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Einav Shoshan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanzhi Whang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gal Markel
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel
| | - Ashvin R Jaiswal
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arthur Liu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Curran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Experimental Oncology Unit (UNONEX), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Menashe Bar-Eli
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Hu B, Yang XB, Sang XT. Construction of a lipid metabolism-related and immune-associated prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7646-7662. [PMID: 32813933 PMCID: PMC7571839 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. We aimed to identify a robust lipid metabolism-related signature associated with the HCC microenvironment to improve the prognostic prediction of HCC patients. METHODS We analyzed the gene expression profiles of lipid metabolism from Molecular Signatures Database and information of patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed for functional annotation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to verify the expression of model genes in HCC and adjacent tissues. RESULTS As a result, a lipid metabolism-related signature consisting of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6 (ACSL6), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1, phospholipase A2 group 1B, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 4 (SMPD4) was identified among HCC patients. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1, PLA2G1B, and SMPD4 were proved significantly high expression while ACSL6 and LCAT were remarkably low expression in our 15 pairs of matched HCC and normal tissues by qRT-PCR. Under different conditions, the overall survival (OS) of patients in low-risk group was prolonged than that in high-risk group. Moreover, the as-constructed signature was an independent factor, which was remarkably associated with gender, histologic grade, and platelet level of HCC patients. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the good potency of the model. Functional enrichment analysis further revealed that lower fatty acid (FA) oxidation and higher infiltration of immunocytes were detected in patients from the high-risk group compared with those in the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the lipid metabolism-related signature shows prognostic significance for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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23
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Wu H, Estrella V, Beatty M, Abrahams D, El-Kenawi A, Russell S, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Longo DL, Reshetnyak YK, Moshnikova A, Andreev OA, Luddy K, Damaghi M, Kodumudi K, Pillai SR, Enriquez-Navas P, Pilon-Thomas S, Swietach P, Gillies RJ. T-cells produce acidic niches in lymph nodes to suppress their own effector functions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4113. [PMID: 32807791 PMCID: PMC7431837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic pH of tumors profoundly inhibits effector functions of activated CD8 + T-cells. We hypothesize that this is a physiological process in immune regulation, and that it occurs within lymph nodes (LNs), which are likely acidic because of low convective flow and high glucose metabolism. Here we show by in vivo fluorescence and MR imaging, that LN paracortical zones are profoundly acidic. These acidic niches are absent in athymic Nu/Nu and lymphodepleted mice, implicating T-cells in the acidifying process. T-cell glycolysis is inhibited at the low pH observed in LNs. We show that this is due to acid inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), resulting in a negative feedback on glycolytic rate. Importantly, we demonstrate that this acid pH does not hinder initial activation of naïve T-cells by dendritic cells. Thus, we describe an acidic niche within the immune system, and demonstrate its physiological role in regulating T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Veronica Estrella
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Matthew Beatty
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Dominique Abrahams
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Asmaa El-Kenawi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shonagh Russell
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Arig Ibrahim-Hashim
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Yana K Reshetnyak
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Anna Moshnikova
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Oleg A Andreev
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Kimberly Luddy
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mehdi Damaghi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Krithika Kodumudi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Smitha R Pillai
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Pedro Enriquez-Navas
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, England, UK.
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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24
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Cui Y, Li X, Du B, Diao Y, Li Y. PD-L1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Insights into the Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6385-6395. [PMID: 32801879 PMCID: PMC7394511 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s256871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in expression of tumor programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and prognostic significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT at different PD-L1 status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods Seventy-three patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma who received 18F-FDG PET/CT before treatment were retrospectively included in this study. Expression of tumor PD-L1, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and glucose metabolic parameters were evaluated. Results Tumor PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), hexokinase II (HK-II) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) (P<0.0001 for all). SUVmax was a unique independent predictor of tumor PD-L1 expression, with an optimal cut-off value of 9.5. For all the patients, tumor stage (P<0.001) and SUVmax (P=0.009) were independent prognostic indicators of disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) while carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) (P=0.003), Ki67 (P=0.042), PD-L1 (P=0.048) and TLG (P=0.004) were independent prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS). Tumor stage (P=0.004) and SUVmax (P=0.022) were independent prognostic indicators of DFS/PFS while TLG (P=0.012) and CEA (P=0.045) were independent prognostic indicators of OS in the PD-L1-positive group. In the PD-L1-negative group, tumor stage (P=0.002) and CEA (P=0.006) were unique independent prognostic indicators of DFS/PFS and OS, respectively. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT may potentially predict tumor PD-L1 expression and play a role in predicting prognosis of PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuena Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bulin Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Diao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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25
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Huang A, Pressnall MM, Lu R, Huayamares SG, Griffin JD, Groer C, DeKosky BJ, Forrest ML, Berkland CJ. Human intratumoral therapy: Linking drug properties and tumor transport of drugs in clinical trials. J Control Release 2020; 326:203-221. [PMID: 32673633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies aim to kill tumor cells directly or engage the immune system to fight malignancy. Checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, cell-based immunotherapies, cytokines, and adjuvants have been applied to prompt the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. However, systemic exposure of cancer therapies can induce unwanted adverse events. Intratumoral administration of potent therapies utilizes small amounts of drugs, in an effort to minimize systemic exposure and off-target toxicities. Here, we discuss the properties of the tumor microenvironment and transport considerations for intratumoral drug delivery. Specifically, we consider various tumor tissue factors and physicochemical factors that can affect tumor retention after intratumoral injection. We also review approved and clinical-stage intratumoral therapies and consider how the molecular and biophysical properties (e.g. size and charge) of these therapies influences intratumoral transport (e.g. tumor retention and cellular uptake). Finally, we offer a critical review and highlight several emerging approaches to promote tumor retention and limit systemic exposure of potent intratumoral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Melissa M Pressnall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ruolin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - J Daniel Griffin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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26
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Kareva I. Immune Suppression in Pregnancy and Cancer: Parallels and Insights. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100759. [PMID: 32353791 PMCID: PMC7191218 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system has evolved to maintain homeostatic balance between effector and regulatory immunity, which is critical to both elicit an adequate protective response to fight pathogens and disease, such as cancer, and to prevent damage to healthy tissues. Transient immune suppression can occur under normal physiological conditions, such as during wound healing to enable repair of normal tissue, or for more extended periods of time during fetal development, where the balance is shifted towards regulatory immunity to prevent fetal rejection. Interestingly, tumors can exhibit patterns of immune suppression very similar to those observed during fetal development. Here some of the key aspects of normal patterns of immune suppression during pregnancy are reviewed, followed by a discussion of parallels that exist with tumor-related immune suppression and consequent potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kareva
- Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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27
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Ventura C, Leon IE, Asuaje A, Martín P, Enrique N, Núñez M, Cocca C, Milesi V. Differential expression of the long and truncated Hv1 isoforms in breast-cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8757-8767. [PMID: 32324259 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells results in a high production of acidic substances that must be extruded to maintain tumor-cell viability. The voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) mediates highly selective effluxes of hydronium-ion (H+ ) that prevent deleterious cytoplasmic acidification. In the work described here, we demonstrated for the first time that the amino-terminal-truncated isoform of Hv1 is more highly expressed in tumorigenic breast-cancer-cell lines than in nontumorigenic breast cells. With respect to Hv1 function, we observed that pharmacologic inhibition of that channel, mediated by the specific blocker 5-chloro-2-guanidinobenzimidazole, produced a drop in intracellular pH and a decrease in cell viability, both in monolayer and in three-dimensional cultures, and adversely affected the cell-cycle in tumorigenic breast cells without altering the cycling of nontumorigenic cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the Hv1 channel could be a potential tool both as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target in breast-cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ventura
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Esteban Leon
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin Asuaje
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Martín
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Enrique
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariel Núñez
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cocca
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB), CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Milesi
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Ward C, Meehan J, Gray ME, Murray AF, Argyle DJ, Kunkler IH, Langdon SP. The impact of tumour pH on cancer progression: strategies for clinical intervention. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:71-100. [PMID: 36046070 PMCID: PMC9400736 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cellular pH is frequent in solid tumours and provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The acidic microenvironment within a tumour can promote migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Pathways associated with the control of intracellular pH that are under consideration for intervention include carbonic anhydrase IX, the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT, MCT1 and MCT4), the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. This review will describe progress in the development of inhibitors to these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Gray
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Alan F Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Ian H Kunkler
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
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29
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Esfahani K, Roudaia L, Buhlaiga N, Del Rincon SV, Papneja N, Miller WH. A review of cancer immunotherapy: from the past, to the present, to the future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:S87-S97. [PMID: 32368178 DOI: 10.3747/co.27.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared with previous standards of care (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery), cancer immunotherapy has brought significant improvements for patients in terms of survival and quality of life. Immunotherapy has now firmly established itself as a novel pillar of cancer care, from the metastatic stage to the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings in numerous cancer types. In this review article, we highlight how the history of cancer immunotherapy paved the way for discoveries that are now part of the standard of care. We also highlight the current pitfalls and limitations of cancer checkpoint immunotherapy and how novel research in the fields of personalized cancer vaccines, autoimmunity, the microbiome, the tumour microenvironment, and metabolomics is aiming to solve those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Esfahani
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - L Roudaia
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - N Buhlaiga
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - S V Del Rincon
- Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - N Papneja
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - W H Miller
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Rossy Cancer Network, McGill University, Montreal, QC
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30
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Li S, Zhang Q, Hong Y. Tumor Vessel Normalization: A Window to Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820980116. [PMID: 33287656 PMCID: PMC7727091 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820980116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hostile microenvironment produced by abnormal blood vessels, which is characterized by hypoxia, low pH value and increasing interstitial fluid pressure, would facilitate tumor progression, metastasis, immunosuppression and anticancer treatments resistance. These abnormalities are the result of the imbalance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors (such as VEGF and angiopoietin 2, ANG2). Prudent use of anti-angiogenesis drugs would normalize these aberrant tumor vessels, resulting in a transient window of vessel normalization. In addition, use of cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint blockers when vessel normalization is achieved brings better outcomes. In this review, we sum up the advances in the field of understanding and application of the concept of tumor vessels normalization window to treat cancer. Moreover, we also outline some challenges and opportunities ahead to optimize the combination of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy, leading to improve patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Department of gynecologic oncology, Women’s hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Hong
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Ansari RE, Craze ML, Althobiti M, Alfarsi L, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. Enhanced glutamine uptake influences composition of immune cell infiltrates in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:94-101. [PMID: 31819174 PMCID: PMC6964696 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells must alter their metabolism to support proliferation. Immune evasion also plays a role in supporting tumour progression. This study aimed to find whether enhanced glutamine uptake in breast cancer (BC) can derive the existence of specific immune cell subtypes, including the subsequent impact on patient outcome. Methods SLC1A5, SLC7A5, SLC3A2 and immune cell markers CD3, CD8, FOXP3, CD20 and CD68, in addition to PD1 and PDL1, were assessed by using immunohistochemistry on TMAs constructed from a large BC cohort (n = 803). Patients were stratified based on SLC protein expression into accredited clusters and correlated with immune cell infiltrates and patient outcome. The effect of transient siRNA knockdown of SLC7A5 and SLC1A5 on PDL1 expression was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells. Results High SLCs were significantly associated with PDL1 and PD1 +, FOXP3 +, CD68 + and CD20 + cells (p < 0.001). Triple negative (TN), HER2 + and luminal B tumours showed variable associations between SLCs and immune cell types (p ≤ 0.04). The expression of SLCs and PDL1, PD1 +, FOXP3 + and CD68 + cells was associated with poor patient outcome (p < 0.001). Knockdown of SLC7A5 significantly reduced PDL1 expression. Conclusion This study provides data that altered glutamine pathways in BC that appears to play a role in deriving specific subtypes of immune cell infiltrates, which either support or counteract its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokaya El Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Madeleine L Craze
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Maryam Althobiti
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University 33, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lutfi Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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32
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Li Z, Liu J, Que L, Tang X. The immunoregulatory protein B7-H3 promotes aerobic glycolysis in oral squamous carcinoma via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. J Cancer 2019; 10:5770-5784. [PMID: 31737114 PMCID: PMC6843865 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OSCC (oral squamous carcinoma) is one of most common malignant cancer. Although previous studies have found abnormal expression of B7-H3 in human OSCC, the exact role and molecular mechanism of B7-H3 in OSCC remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of B7-H3 in glucose metabolic reprogramming of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. We first detected the expression of B7-H3 in OSCC samples. Next, siRNAs and overexpression short-hairpin RNA of B7-H3 were transfected into SCC25 and Cal27 cells, and cell proliferation, migration and invasion were analyzed via CCK8, colony formation and transwell assays. Then glycolysis flux was determined through measuring glucose uptake and lactate production, and mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot respectively. The results presented here showed B7-H3 was upregulated in OSCC samples compared with normal tissues, and the expression level was associated with tumor size and nodal metastasis. B7-H3 affects OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. We also found that B7-H3 promoted the Warburg effect, evidenced by increase glucose uptake and lactate production. We further demonstrated that B7-H3 enhanced OSCC glycolysis through the upregulation of HIF-1α and its downstream targets, Glut1 and PFKFB3, which are key factors in glycolysis. Mechanically, we demonstrated that B7-H3 regulates HIF-1α expression through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Metabolic imaging of human OSCC cancer xenograft in mice confirmed that B7-H3 enhanced tumor glucose uptake, glycolysis promoted genes expression and tumor growth. Taken together, our results have unveiled a mechanism that B7-H3 drives OSCC progression through enhancing of glycolytic metabolic program in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangao Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Que
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiufa Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Audrito V, Managò A, Gaudino F, Sorci L, Messana VG, Raffaelli N, Deaglio S. NAD-Biosynthetic and Consuming Enzymes as Central Players of Metabolic Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1720. [PMID: 31402913 PMCID: PMC6671870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, particularly in solid tumors, are surrounded by non-neoplastic elements, including endothelial and stromal cells, as well as cells of immune origin, which can support tumor growth by providing the right conditions. On the other hand, local hypoxia, and lack of nutrients induce tumor cells to reprogram their metabolism in order to survive, proliferate, and disseminate: the same conditions are also responsible for building a tumor-suppressive microenvironment. In addition to tumor cells, it is now well-recognized that metabolic rewiring occurs in all cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, affecting epigenetic regulation of gene expression and influencing differentiation/proliferation decisions of these cells. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential co-factor for energy transduction in metabolic processes. It is also a key component of signaling pathways, through the regulation of NAD-consuming enzymes, including sirtuins and PARPs, which can affect DNA plasticity and accessibility. In addition, both NAD-biosynthetic and NAD-consuming enzymes can be present in the extracellular environment, adding a new layer of complexity to the system. In this review we will discuss the role of the “NADome” in the metabolic cross-talk between cancer and infiltrating immune cells, contributing to cancer growth and immune evasion, with an eye to therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Audrito
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Managò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Gaudino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorci
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gianluca Messana
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
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Santos SA, Lira FS, Silva ET, Caris AV, Oyama LM, Thomatieli-Santos RV. Effect of moderate exercise under hypoxia on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2019; 13:583-589. [PMID: 31310707 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Moderate exercise performed in normoxia can be immunostimulatory, while strenuous exercise can be immunosuppressive. However, less is known about the effects of exercise under hypoxia on cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an acute exercise session performed under hypoxia similar to an altitude of 4200 m on cytokine balance. Our hypothesis was that exercise, even of moderate intensity, associated with hypoxia may induce different changes in relation to the normoxic condition. METHODS Eight healthy male volunteers were exercised on a treadmill for 1 hour at an intensity of 50% VO2peak under normoxic or hypoxic condition (4200 m). Blood samples were collected at rest and immediately 1 hour after the exercise, respectively to determine cytokines, hormones and metabolites. The two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test were used and the significance adopted was P < .05. RESULTS While IL-2, the IL-2/IL-4 ratio and glutamine decreased under hypoxia, IL-6 and IL-1ra increased. There were increases in the IL-2/IL-4 ratio, IL-6, IL-1ra and IL-10/TNF-α in normoxia. There were no differences in cortisol or glucose. CONCLUSION Moderate exercise under hypoxia condition changes the Th1/Th2 balance including IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α cytokines, suggesting a Th2 response after 1 hour rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samile A Santos
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Edgar T Silva
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Aline V Caris
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Guo C, Chen S, Liu W, Ma Y, Li J, Fisher PB, Fang X, Wang XY. Immunometabolism: A new target for improving cancer immunotherapy. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 143:195-253. [PMID: 31202359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental metabolic pathways are essential for mammalian cells to provide energy, precursors for biosynthesis of macromolecules, and reducing power for redox regulation. While dysregulated metabolism (e.g., aerobic glycolysis also known as the Warburg effect) has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, recent discoveries of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells during their activation and differentiation have led to an emerging concept of "immunometabolism." Considering the recent success of cancer immunotherapy in the treatment of several cancer types, increasing research efforts are being made to elucidate alterations in metabolic profiles of cancer and immune cells during their interplays in the setting of cancer progression and immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in studies of metabolic reprogramming in cancer as well as differentiation and functionality of various immune cells. In particular, we will elaborate how distinct metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment cause functional impairment of immune cells and contribute to immune evasion by cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential of metabolically reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to promote effective and long-lasting antitumor immunity for improved immunotherapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shixian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yibao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Sun Y, Oravecz-Wilson K, Bridges S, McEachin R, Wu J, Kim SH, Taylor A, Zajac C, Fujiwara H, Peltier DC, Saunders T, Reddy P. miR-142 controls metabolic reprogramming that regulates dendritic cell activation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2029-2042. [PMID: 30958798 DOI: 10.1172/jci123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DCs undergo metabolic reprogramming from a predominantly oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis to mount an immunogenic response. The mechanism underpinning the metabolic reprogramming remains elusive. We demonstrate that miRNA-142 (miR-142) is pivotal for this shift in metabolism, which regulates the tolerogenic and immunogenic responses of DCs. In the absence of miR-142, DCs fail to switch from OXPHOS and show reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and the ability to activate T cells in vitro and in in vivo models of sepsis and alloimmunity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that miR-142 regulates fatty acid (FA) oxidation, which causes the failure to switch to glycolysis. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments identified carnitine palmitoyltransferase -1a (CPT1a), a key regulator of the FA pathway, as a direct target of miR-142 that is pivotal for the metabolic switch. Thus, our findings show that miR-142 is central to the metabolic reprogramming that specifically favors glycolysis and immunogenic response by DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine Oravecz-Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Austin Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cynthia Zajac
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Thomas Saunders
- Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, and
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A first-in-human study of the novel metabolism-based anti-cancer agent SM-88 in subjects with advanced metastatic cancer. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:392-401. [PMID: 30929156 PMCID: PMC7066285 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose SM-88 (D,L-alpha-metyrosine; racemetyrosine) is a novel anti-cancer agent, used with melanin, phenytoin, and sirolimus (SMK Therapy). This pilot first-in-human study characterized the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of SMK Therapy in subjects with advanced metastatic cancer. Methods All subjects (n = 30) received SMK Therapy for an initial 6 week Cycle (5 days on, 2 off per week) and continued if well tolerated. Safety signals, clinical response, overall survival, progression free survival (PFS), and quality of life changes were assessed. Results The most common drug related adverse events were hyperpigmentation and rash. All drug related adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity. Following treatment with SMK Therapy, 4 subjects achieved complete response, 6 partial response, and 17 stable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 (total clinical benefit 90%). Responses were observed within 6 weeks, and continued to improve, with 3 complete and 3 partial responders achieving best response after at least 3.2 months. Durable stable disease was observed, lasting a median duration of 11 months (range 1–31 months). Median overall survival for all subjects was 29.8 months, and median PFS was 13 months. Following 6 weeks of treatment, most (83.3%) subjects showed an improvement in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and an improvement in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ 30) global health status (baseline 61.2 ± 25.0; end of Cycle 1 80.7 ± 14.7; n = 29; p < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study support continued development of SM-88.
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Miret JJ, Kirschmeier P, Koyama S, Zhu M, Li YY, Naito Y, Wu M, Malladi VS, Huang W, Walker W, Palakurthi S, Dranoff G, Hammerman PS, Pecot CV, Wong KK, Akbay EA. Suppression of Myeloid Cell Arginase Activity leads to Therapeutic Response in a NSCLC Mouse Model by Activating Anti-Tumor Immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:32. [PMID: 30728077 PMCID: PMC6366094 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor orchestrated metabolic changes in the microenvironment limit generation of anti-tumor immune responses. Availability of arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, is critical for lymphocyte proliferation and function. Levels of arginine are regulated by the enzymes arginase 1,2 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). However, the role of arginase activity in lung tumor maintenance has not been investigated in clinically relevant orthotopic tumor models. METHODS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of sorted cell populations from mouse lung adenocarcinomas derived from immunocompetent genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM)s was performed. To complement mouse studies, a patient tissue microarray consisting of 150 lung adenocarcinomas, 103 squamous tumors, and 54 matched normal tissue were stained for arginase, CD3, and CD66b by multiplex immunohistochemistry. Efficacy of a novel arginase inhibitor compound 9 in reversing arginase mediated T cell suppression was determined in splenocyte ex vivo assays. Additionally, the anti-tumor activity of this compound was determined in vitro and in an autochthonous immunocompetent KrasG12D GEMM of lung adenocarcinoma model. RESULTS Analysis of RNA-seq of sorted myeloid cells suggested that arginase expression is elevated in myeloid cells in the tumor as compared to the normal lung tissue. Accordingly, in the patient samples arginase 1 expression was mainly localized in the granulocytic myeloid cells and significantly elevated in both lung adenocarcinoma and squamous tumors as compared to the controls. Our ex vivo analysis demonstrated that myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC)s cause T cell suppression by arginine depletion, and suppression of arginase activity by a novel ARG1/2 inhibitor, compound 9, led to restoration of T cell function by increasing arginine. Treatment of KrasG12D GEMM of lung cancer model with compound 9 led to a significant tumor regression associated with increased T cell numbers and function, while it had no activity across several murine and human non-small cell (NSCLC) lung cancer lines in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We show that arginase expression is elevated in mouse and patient lung tumors. In a KRASG12D GEMM arginase inhibition diminished growth of established tumors. Our data suggest arginase as an immunomodulatory target that should further be investigated in lung tumors with high arginase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Miret
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Belfer Institute of Cancer Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Kirschmeier
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Belfer Institute of Cancer Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mingrui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Esra Akbay, PhD, Address: 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yujiro Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Min Wu
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Belfer Institute of Cancer Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Venkat S Malladi
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Belfer Institute of Cancer Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Elstar Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William Walker
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Belfer Institute of Cancer Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sangeetha Palakurthi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Belfer Institute of Cancer Science, Boston, MA, USA
- Elstar Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Esra Akbay, PhD, Address: 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Horenstein AL, Morandi F, Bracci C, Pistoia V, Malavasi F. Functional insights into nucleotide-metabolizing ectoenzymes expressed by bone marrow-resident cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:40-50. [PMID: 30447309 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human myeloma cells grow in a hypoxic acidic niche in the bone marrow. Cross talk among cellular components of this closed niche generates extracellular adenosine, which promotes tumor cell survival. This is achieved through the binding of adenosine to purinergic receptors into complexes that function as an autocrine/paracrine signal factor with immune regulatory activities that i) down-regulate the functions of most immune effector cells and ii) enhance the activity of cells that suppress anti-tumor immune responses, thus facilitating the escape of malignant myeloma cells from immune surveillance. Here we review recent findings confirming that the dominant phenotype for survival of tumor cells is that where the malignant cells have been metabolically reprogrammed for the generation of lactic acidosis in the bone marrow niche. Adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide extruded from tumor cells, along with cyclic adenosine monophosphate, are the main intracellular energetic/messenger molecules that serve as leading substrates in the extracellular space for membrane-bound ectonucleotidases metabolizing purine nucleotides to signaling adenosine. Within this mechanistic framework, the adenosinergic substrate conversion can vary significantly according to the metabolic environment. Indeed, the neoplastic expansion of plasma cells exploits both enzymatic networks and hypoxic acidic conditions for migrating and homing to a protected niche and for evading the immune response. The expression of multiple specific adenosine receptors in the niche completes the profile of a complex regulatory framework whose signals modify multiple myeloma and host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy; CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - F Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - C Bracci
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy; CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - V Pistoia
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - F Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy; CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Enhanced mitochondrial pyruvate transport elicits a robust ROS production to sensitize the antitumor efficacy of interferon-γ in colon cancer. Redox Biol 2018; 20:451-457. [PMID: 30439686 PMCID: PMC6232645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a feature of cancer cells and crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a cytokine that plays a pivotal role in host antitumor immunity. However, little is known about the roles of metabolic reprogramming in immune responses. Here, we show that colon cancer cells reprogram metabolism to coordinate proper cellular responses to IFNγ by downregulating mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)1 and 2 via STAT3 signaling. Forced overexpression of MPC promote the production of reactive oxygen species and enhance the apoptosis induced by IFNγ in colon cancer cells. Moreover, inhibiting STAT3 sensitize the antitumor efficacy of IFN-γ against colon cancer cells. Our findings present a previously unrecognized mechanism that colon cancer manipulate to resist IFNγ mediated antitumor immunity that have implications for targeting a unique aspect of this disease. IFNγ induces MPC downregulation via stat3 activation. MPC promote the production of ROS and enhance the apoptosis. STAT3 inhibition sensitize the antitumor efficacy of IFN-γ.
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Guan R, Sun Y, Shi F, Gao J, Fu XL. Targeting Strategies for Glucose Metabolic Pathways and T Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 19:534-550. [PMID: 30360743 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181015150138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that result from the accumulation of different sets of genomic alterations, together with epigenomic alterations, and it is influenced by tumor-host interactions, leading to tumor cell growth and glycolytic imbalances. This review summarizes recent findings that involve multiple signaling molecules and downstream genes in the dysregulated glycolytic pathway. This paper further discusses the role of the dysregulated glycolytic pathway in the tumor initiation, progression and the concomitant systemic immunosuppression commonly observed in colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, the relationship between colorectal cancer cells and T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, is discussed, while different aspects of metabolic pathway regulation in cancer cell proliferation are comprehensively defined. Furthermore, this study elaborates on metabolism in colorectal cancer, specifically key metabolic modulators together with regulators, glycolytic enzymes, and glucose deprivation induced by tumor cells and how they inhibit T-cell glycolysis and immunogenic functions. Moreover, metabolic pathways that are integral to T cell function, differentiation, and activation are described. Selective metabolic inhibitors or immunemodulation agents targeting these pathways may be clinically useful to increase effector T cell responses for colorectal cancer treatment. However, there is a need to identify specific antigens using a cancer patient-personalized approach and combination strategies with other therapeutic agents to effectively target tumor metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, 200235, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Hubei University of Medicine, NO. 30 People South Road, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province 212001, China
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Sarfraz I, Rasul A, Hussain G, Hussain SM, Ahmad M, Nageen B, Jabeen F, Selamoglu Z, Ali M. Malic enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic drug target for cancer. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:1076-1083. [PMID: 30160039 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogrammed metabolic profile is a biochemical fingerprint of cancerous cells, which represents one of the "hallmarks of cancer." The aberrant expression pattern of enzymatic machineries orchestrates metabolic activities into a platform that ultimately promotes cellular growth, survival, and proliferation. The NADP(+)-dependent mitochondrial malic enzyme 2 (ME2) has been widely appreciated due to its function as a provider of pyruvate and reducing power to the cell for biosynthesis of fatty acids and nucleotides along with maintenance of redox balance. Multiple lines of evidences have indicated that ME2 is a bonafide therapeutic target and novel biomarker which plays critical role during tumorigenesis. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the cancer-specific role of ME2 in order to explore its potential for therapeutic opportunities. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of ME2 in the light of previous research work for therapeutic advancements in cancer treatment. It is contemplated that additional investigations should focus on the use of ME2 inhibitors in combinational therapies as rational combinations of metabolic inhibitors and chemotherapy may have the ability to cure cancer. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1076-1083, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Nageen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Damgaci S, Ibrahim‐Hashim A, Enriquez‐Navas PM, Pilon‐Thomas S, Guvenis A, Gillies RJ. Hypoxia and acidosis: immune suppressors and therapeutic targets. Immunology 2018; 154:354-362. [PMID: 29485185 PMCID: PMC6002221 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to imbalances between vascularity and cellular growth patterns, the tumour microenvironment harbours multiple metabolic stressors including hypoxia and acidosis, which have significant influences on remodelling both tumour and peritumoral tissues. These stressors are also immunosuppressive and can contribute to escape from immune surveillance. Understanding these effects and characterizing the pathways involved can identify new targets for therapy and may redefine our understanding of traditional anti-tumour therapies. In this review, the effects of hypoxia and acidosis on tumour immunity will be summarized, and how modulating these parameters and their sequelae can be a useful tool for future therapeutic interventions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Damgaci
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | | | | | - Shari Pilon‐Thomas
- Department of ImmunologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
- Department of Cutaneous OncologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
| | - Albert Guvenis
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringBogazici UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
- Department of RadiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
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Mathematical Modeling of the Function of Warburg Effect in Tumor Microenvironment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8903. [PMID: 29891989 PMCID: PMC5995918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are known for their increased glucose uptake rates even in the presence of abundant oxygen. This altered metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect. Despite an enormous number of studies conducted on the causes and consequences of this phenomenon, little is known about how the Warburg effect affects tumor growth and progression. We developed a multi-scale computational model to explore the detailed effects of glucose metabolism of cancer cells on tumorigenesis behavior in a tumor microenvironment. Despite glycolytic tumors, the growth of non-glycolytic tumor is dependent on a congruous morphology without markedly interfering with glucose and acid concentrations of the tumor microenvironment. Upregulated glucose metabolism helped to retain oxygen levels above the hypoxic limit during early tumor growth, and thus obviated the need for neo-vasculature recruitment. Importantly, simulating growth of tumors within a range of glucose uptake rates showed that there exists a spectrum of glucose uptake rates within which the tumor is most aggressive, i.e. it can exert maximal acidic stress on its microenvironment and most efficiently compete for glucose supplies. Moreover, within the same spectrum, the tumor could grow to invasive morphologies while its size did not markedly shrink.
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Diebner HH, Zerjatke T, Griehl M, Roeder I. Metabolism is the tie: The Bertalanffy-type cancer growth model as common denominator of various modelling approaches. Biosystems 2018; 167:1-23. [PMID: 29605248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer or tumour growth has been addressed from a variety of mathematical modelling perspectives in the past. Examples are single variable growth models, reaction diffusion models, compartment models, individual cell-based models, clonal competition models, to name only a few. In this paper, we show that the so called Bertalanffy-type growth model is a macroscopic model variant that can be conceived as an optimal condensed modelling approach that to a high degree preserves complexity with respect to the aforementioned more complex modelling variants. The derivation of the Bertalanffy-type model is crucially based on features of metabolism. Therefore, this model contains a shape parameter that can be interpreted as a resource utilisation efficiency. This shape parameter reflects features that are usually captured in much more complex models. To be specific, the shape parameter is related to morphological structures of tumours, which in turn depend on metabolic conditions. We, furthermore, show that a single variable variant of the Bertalanffy-type model can straightforwardly be extended to a multiclonal competition model. Since competition is crucially based on available shared or clone-specific resources, the metabolism-based approach is an obvious candidate to capture clonal competition. Depending on the specific context, metabolic reprogramming or other oncogene driven changes either lead to a suppression of cancer cells or to an improved competition resulting in outgrowth of tumours. The parametrisation of the Bertalanffy-type growth model allows to account for this observed variety of cancer characteristics. The shape parameter, conceived as a classifier for healthy and oncogenic phenotypes, supplies a link to survival and evolutionary stability concepts discussed in demographic studies, such as opportunistic versus equilibrium strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Diebner
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Thomas Zerjatke
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Griehl
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingo Roeder
- Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Morrot A, da Fonseca LM, Salustiano EJ, Gentile LB, Conde L, Filardy AA, Franklim TN, da Costa KM, Freire-de-Lima CG, Freire-de-Lima L. Metabolic Symbiosis and Immunomodulation: How Tumor Cell-Derived Lactate May Disturb Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Front Oncol 2018; 8:81. [PMID: 29629338 PMCID: PMC5876249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed by cellular and non-cellular components. Examples include the following: (i) bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, (ii) fibroblasts, (iii) blood vessels, (iv) immune cells, and (v) extracellular matrix components. In most cases, this combination of components may result in an inhospitable environment, in which a significant retrenchment in nutrients and oxygen considerably disturbs cell metabolism. Cancer cells are characterized by an enhanced uptake and utilization of glucose, a phenomenon described by Otto Warburg over 90 years ago. One of the main products of this reprogrammed cell metabolism is lactate. "Lactagenic" or lactate-producing cancer cells are characterized by their immunomodulatory properties, since lactate, the end product of the aerobic glycolysis, besides acting as an inducer of cellular signaling phenomena to influence cellular fate, might also play a role as an immunosuppressive metabolite. Over the last 10 years, it has been well accepted that in the TME, the lactate secreted by transformed cells is able to compromise the function and/or assembly of an effective immune response against tumors. Herein, we will discuss recent advances regarding the deleterious effect of high concentrations of lactate on the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which might characterize an innovative way of understanding the tumor-immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morrot
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo J. Salustiano
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Boffoni Gentile
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Almeida Filardy
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiany Nunes Franklim
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelli Monteiro da Costa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kouidhi S, Ben Ayed F, Benammar Elgaaied A. Targeting Tumor Metabolism: A New Challenge to Improve Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:353. [PMID: 29527212 PMCID: PMC5829092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a marked number of clinical trials on cancer treatment have revealed the success of immunomodulatory therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors that activate tumor-specific T cells. However, the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapies is only restricted to a small fraction of patients. A deeper understanding of key mechanisms generating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a major challenge for more effective antitumor immunity. There is a growing evidence that the TME supports inappropriate metabolic reprogramming that dampens T cell function, and therefore impacts the antitumor immune response and tumor progression. Notably, the immunosuppressive TME is characterized by a lack of crucial carbon sources critical for T cell function and increased inhibitory signals. Here, we summarize the basics of intrinsic and extrinsic metabolic remodeling and metabolic checkpoints underlying the competition between cancer and infiltrating immune cells for nutrients and metabolites. Intriguingly, the upregulation of tumor programmed death-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 alters the metabolic programme of T cells and drives their exhaustion. In this context, targeting both tumor and T cell metabolism can beneficially enhance or temper immunity in an inhospitable microenvironment and markedly improve the success of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratory BVBGR, LR11ES31, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), Department of Biotechnology, University of Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Department of Biology, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Farhat Ben Ayed
- Association Tunisienne de Lutte contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Benammar Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Department of Biology, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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48
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Mahgoub M, Yasunaga JI, Iwami S, Nakaoka S, Koizumi Y, Shimura K, Matsuoka M. Sporadic on/off switching of HTLV-1 Tax expression is crucial to maintain the whole population of virus-induced leukemic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1269-E1278. [PMID: 29358408 PMCID: PMC5819419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715724115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses causing chronic infection artfully manipulate infected cells to enable viral persistence in vivo under the pressure of immunity. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) establishes persistent infection mainly in CD4+ T cells in vivo and induces leukemia in this subset. HTLV-1-encoded Tax is a critical transactivator of viral replication and a potent oncoprotein, but its significance in pathogenesis remains obscure due to its very low level of expression in vivo. Here, we show that Tax is expressed in a minor fraction of leukemic cells at any given time, and importantly, its expression spontaneously switches between on and off states. Live cell imaging revealed that the average duration of one episode of Tax expression is ∼19 hours. Knockdown of Tax rapidly induced apoptosis in most cells, indicating that Tax is critical for maintaining the population, even if its short-term expression is limited to a small subpopulation. Single-cell analysis and computational simulation suggest that transient Tax expression triggers antiapoptotic machinery, and this effect continues even after Tax expression is diminished; this activation of the antiapoptotic machinery is the critical event for maintaining the population. In addition, Tax is induced by various cytotoxic stresses and also promotes HTLV-1 replication. Thus, it seems that Tax protects infected cells from apoptosis and increases the chance of viral transmission at a critical moment. Keeping the expression of Tax minimal but inducible on demand is, therefore, a fundamental strategy of HTLV-1 to promote persistent infection and leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahgoub
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichirou Yasunaga
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Shingo Iwami
- Mathematical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakaoka
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Koizumi
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Netea-Maier RT, Smit JW, Netea MG. Metabolic changes in tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages: A mutual relationship. Cancer Lett 2018; 413:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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50
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Mesenchymal traits at the convergence of tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockers. Emerg Top Life Sci 2017; 1:471-486. [PMID: 33525801 PMCID: PMC7289012 DOI: 10.1042/etls20170068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed-death 1/programmed-death ligand 1, has dramatically changed the landscape of cancer treatment. Seeing patients who were refractory to conventional therapy recover after immunotherapy, with high rates of objective durable responses and increased overall survival, has raised great enthusiasm in cancer care and research. However, to date, only a restricted portion of patients benefit from these therapies, due to natural and acquired resistance relying on the ever-evolving cross-talk between tumor and stromal cells. Here, we review the convergence of tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic cues, both affecting tumor plasticity and tumor stroma leading to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which may account for the heterogeneous responses and resistance to ICB therapies. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms and fingerprints involved in natural and acquired resistance is likely to bring clinical benefit to the majority of patients, offering important clues for overcoming drug resistance and boosting the effectiveness of treatment. We discuss the need to define tumor subtypes based on the tumor, immune and stromal gene signature and propose that the better we understand tumor mesenchymal traits, the more we will be able to identify predictive biomarkers of response to ICB treatments.
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