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Liu M, Zhong XS, Krishnachaitanya SS, Ou R, Dashwood RH, Powell DW, Li Q. Erlotinib suppresses tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116580. [PMID: 38723513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in inflammatory bowel diseases exhibits more aggressive behavior than sporadic colorectal cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. No definitive preventative agent against CAC is currently established in the clinical setting. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of CAC in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) mouse model and assessed the antitumor efficacy of erlotinib, a small molecule inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Erlotinib premixed with AIN-93 G diet at 70 or 140 parts per million (ppm) inhibited tumor multiplicity significantly by 96%, with ∼60% of the treated mice exhibiting zero polyps at 12 weeks. Bulk RNA-sequencing revealed more than a thousand significant gene alterations in the colons of AOM/DSS-treated mice, with KEGG enrichment analysis highlighting 46 signaling pathways in CAC development. Erlotinib altered several signaling pathways and rescued 40 key genes dysregulated in CAC, including those involved in the Hippo and Wnt signaling. These findings suggest that the clinically-used antitumor agent erlotinib might be repurposed for suppression of CAC, and that further studies are warranted on the crosstalk between dysregulated Wnt and EGFR signaling in the corresponding patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoying S Zhong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Srikruthi S Krishnachaitanya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rongliwen Ou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don W Powell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Qingjie Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Wang T, Wang P, Yin L, Wang X, Shan Y, Yi Y, Zhou Y, Liu B, Wang X, Lü X. Dietary Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KX041 attenuates colitis-associated tumorigenesis and modulates gut microbiota. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Choi Y, Choi SI, Kim N, Nam RH, Jang JY, Na HY, Shin CM, Lee DH, Min H, Kim YR, Seok YJ. Effect of Clostridium butyricum on High-Fat Diet-Induced Intestinal Inflammation and Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2427-2440. [PMID: 36670324 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A high-fat diet (HFD) can cause intestinal inflammation and alter the gut microbiota; probiotics, however, are known to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the response of rat colon to HFD and the effect of Clostridium butyricum on HFD-induced intestinal inflammation and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) according to sex. METHODS Male and female 6-week-old Fischer-344 rats were fed a chow diet or HFD for 8 weeks, and Biovita or three different concentrations of C. butyricum were orally gavaged. The levels of tight junction proteins (TJPs), inflammatory markers in the ascending colonic mucosa, and bile acids (BAs) and SCFAs in stool were measured. RESULTS HFD significantly increased the histological inflammation scores and fat proportions. Fecal BA levels were higher in the HFD group than in the control group, with a more prominent increase in deoxycholic acid/cholic acid after probiotics administration in females; however, no statistically significant differences were observed. TJPs showed an opposite response to HFD depending on sex, and tended to increase and decrease after HFD in males and females, respectively. The HFD-reduced TJPs were recovered by probiotics, with some statistical significance in females. HFD-decreased butyric acid in stools appeared to be recovered by probiotics in males, but not in females. The expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α) was increased by HFD in males and decreased with medium-concentration probiotic supplementation. The opposite was observed in females. MPO was increased by HFD in both sexes and decreased by probiotic supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The probiotic C. butyricum improved indicators of HFD-induced colonic inflammation such as levels of inflammatory markers and increased the production of SCFAs and the expression of TJPs. These effects tended to be more pronounced in male rats, showing sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Huitae Min
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Rottmann BG, Patel N, Ahmed M, Deng Y, Ciarleglio M, Vyas M, Jain D, Zhang X. Clinicopathological significance of neutrophil-rich colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:34-39. [PMID: 34312298 PMCID: PMC10910606 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The importance of the interaction between tumour cells and neutrophils has recently begun to emerge. However, the significance of tumour-infiltrating neutrophil (TIN) in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of TIN in CRCs. METHODS CRCs were evaluated for TIN and were classified as neutrophil-rich (NR), neutrophil-intermediate (NI) and neutrophil-poor (NP) based on the presence of >15, 5-15 and <5 TIN per 100 tumour cells, respectively. Various clinicopathological parameters were recorded in each case including age, gender, histological grade, tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, tumour location and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status. RESULTS Among the 348 CRC cases reviewed, 38 cases were NR, 43 cases were NI and 267 cases were NP. High TIN was associated with higher histological grade (p=0.0222), right-sided tumour location (p=0.0025), advanced TNM stage (p=0.0346) and higher rate of MMR-deficient CRCs (p=0.0027). Patients with NR CRCs had significantly poorer 5-year recurrence-free survival comparing to patients with NI or NP CRCs on Kaplan-Meier analysis (p=0.0001) and high TIN remained an independent risk factor with multivariate analysis (p=0.0137; HR: 1.930, 95% CI: 1.144 to 3.255). NR CRCs are more commonly seen in MMR-deficient than in MMR-proficient CRCs (p=0.0006). Patients with MMR-deficient NR CRCs showed similar 5-year recurrence-free survival compared with MMR-proficient NR CRCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that high TIN confers poorer patient prognosis in both MMR-proficient and MMR-deficient CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G Rottmann
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natalie Patel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria Ciarleglio
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Monika Vyas
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dhanpat Jain
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Lin Y, Wang D, Zhao H, Li D, Li X, Lin L. Pou3f1 mediates the effect of Nfatc3 on ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by regulating inflammation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:75. [PMID: 36064319 PMCID: PMC9446766 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer (UC-CRC) is an important complication of ulcerative colitis. Pou3f1 (POU class 3 homeobox 1) is a critical regulator for developmental events and cellular biological processes. However, the role of Pou3f1 in the development of UC-CRC is unclear. Methods In vivo, a UC-CRC mouse model was induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Body weight, colon length, mucosal damage, tumor formation, and survival rate were assessed to determine the progression of UC-CRC. Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and TUNEL were performed to examine the severity of inflammation and tumorigenesis. In vitro, LPS-treated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and RAW264.7 cells were used to study the role of Pou3f1 in inflammation. ChIP and luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the interaction between Nfatc3 and Pou3f1. Results Pou3f1 expression was increased in the colons of UC-CRC mice, and its inhibition attenuated mucosal injury, reduced colon tumorigenesis and increased survival ratio. Knockdown of Pou3f1 suppressed cell proliferation and increased cell death in colon tumors. Both the in vivo and in vitro results showed that Pou3f1 depletion reduced the production of proinflammation mediators. In addition, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that Nfatc3 directly bound with the Pou3f1 promoter to induce its expression. The effect of Nfatc3 on the inflammatory response in macrophages was suppressed by Pou3f1 knockdown. Conclusion Overall, it outlines that Pou3f1 mediates the role of Nfatc3 in regulating macrophage inflammation and carcinogenesis in UC-CRC development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00374-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China.,Department of Respiratory, Ansteel Group General Hospital, Anshan, China
| | - Xinning Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China.,Medical Oncology Ward, Tieling Central Hospital, Tieling, China
| | - Lianjie Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004, Shenyang, China.
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Lin Q, Liu M, Yue GGL, Cheung MK, Lai Z, Kwok FHF, Lee JKM, Wang Z, Lau CBS, Tan N. Anti-inflammatory activities of natural cyclopeptide RA-XII in colitis-associated colon cancer mouse model and its effect on gut microbiome. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2641-2659. [PMID: 35537703 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer globally, is associated with intestinal inflammation that leads to poor prognosis. RA-XII, a natural cyclopeptide, has previously been reported to possess anti-tumor activities. Here, the anti-inflammatory activities of RA-XII were investigated in colitis-associated colon cancer mice and a co-culture in vitro model, in which colon cancer cells HCT116 and macrophages RAW264.7 were grown together to mimic the inflammatory microenvironment of CRC. Changes of inflammatory-related molecules and protein expressions in cells were evaluated after RA-XII incubation. Besides, azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated colon cancer mice were treated with RA-XII for 24 days, inflammatory parameters and gut microbiome alterations were studied. Our results showed that RA-XII reversed the inflammatory responses of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS and modulated the protein expressions of AKT, STAT3/p-STAT3, P70S6K, NF-κB and GSK3β and suppressed the expression of LC3A/B in HCT116 cells in co-culture system. RA-XII treatment restored the colitis damage in colon, reduced colon tumors numbers and decreased inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α). The role of RA-XII on regulating gut microbiome was also demonstrated for the first time. In conclusion, our findings provided new scientific evidence for developing RA-XII as a potent anti-inflammatory agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Kit Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhixing Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frankie Hin-Fai Kwok
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Julia Kin-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ninghua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Li JH, Forghani R, Bure L, Wojtkiewicz GR, Wu Y, Iwamoto Y, Ali M, Li A, Wang C, Motlagh NJ, Papadakis AI, Pusztaszeri MP, Spatz A, Curtin H, Cheng YS, Chen JW. Molecular immuno-imaging improves tumor detection in head and neck cancer. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22092. [PMID: 34919761 PMCID: PMC9584652 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100864r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection and accurate delineation of tumor is important for the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but is challenging with current imaging techniques. In this study, we evaluated whether molecular immuno-imaging targeting myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, an oxidative enzyme secreted by many myeloid innate immune cells, would be superior in detecting tumor extent compared to conventional contrast agent (DTPA-Gd) in a carcinogen-induced immunocompetent HNSCC murine model and corroborated in human surgical specimens. In C57BL/6 mice given 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO), there was increased MPO activity in the head and neck region as detected by luminol bioluminescence compared to that of the control group. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mean enhancing volume detected by the MPO-targeting agent (MPO-Gd) was higher than that by the conventional agent DTPA-Gd. The tumor volume detected by MPO-Gd strongly correlated with tumor size on histology, and higher MPO-Gd signal corresponded to larger tumor size found by imaging and histology. On the contrary, the tumor volume detected by DTPA-Gd did not correlate as well with tumor size on histology. Importantly, MPO-Gd imaging detected areas not visualized with DTPA-Gd imaging that were confirmed histopathologically to represent early tumor. In human specimens, MPO was similarly associated with tumors, especially at the tumor margins. Thus, molecular immuno-imaging targeting MPO not only detects oxidative immune response in HNSCC, but can better detect and delineate tumor extent than nonselective imaging agents. Thus, our findings revealed that MPO imaging could improve tumor resection as well as be a useful imaging biomarker for tumor progression, and potentially improve clinical management of HNSCC once translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hui Li
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, FuWai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Reza Forghani
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Augmented Intelligence & Precision Health Laboratory (AIPHL), Department of Radiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lionel Bure
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory R. Wojtkiewicz
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anning Li
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Negin Jalali Motlagh
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas I. Papadakis
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital & McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc P. Pusztaszeri
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital & McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan Spatz
- Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital & McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugh Curtin
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - John W. Chen
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Valadez-Cosmes P, Raftopoulou S, Mihalic ZN, Marsche G, Kargl J. Myeloperoxidase: Growing importance in cancer pathogenesis and potential drug target. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 236:108052. [PMID: 34890688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is a heme-peroxidase which makes up approximately 5% of the total dry cell weight of neutrophils where it is predominantly found in the primary (azurophilic) granules. Other cell types, such as monocytes and certain macrophage subpopulations also contain myeloperoxidase, but to a much lesser extent. Initially, the function of myeloperoxidase had been mainly associated with its ability as a catalyzer of reactive oxidants that help to clear pathogens. However, over the past years non-canonical functions of myeloperoxidase have been described both in health and disease. Attention has been specially focused on inflammatory diseases, in which an exacerbate infiltration of leukocytes can favor a poorly-controlled production and release of myeloperoxidase and its oxidants. There is compelling evidence that myeloperoxidase derived oxidants contribute to tissue damage and the development and propagation of acute and chronic vascular inflammation. Recently, neutrophils have attracted much attention within the large diversity of innate immune cells that are part of the tumor microenvironment. In particular, neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase may play an important role in cancer development and progression. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles of myeloperoxidase in the development and progression of cancer. We propose future research approaches and explore prospects of inhibiting myeloperoxidase as a strategy to fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Valadez-Cosmes
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sofia Raftopoulou
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zala Nikita Mihalic
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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9
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Wang T, Wang P, Ge W, Shi C, Xiao G, Wang X, Lü X. Protective effect of a multi-strain probiotics mixture on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon carcinogenesis. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Miltojević AB, Mitić KV, Stojanović NM, Randjelović PJ, Radulović NS. Methyl and Isopropyl N-Methylanthranilates Affect Primary Macrophage Function - an Insight into the Possible Immunomodulatory Mode of Action. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100724. [PMID: 34773377 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To complement the knowledge on the anti-inflammatory activity of methyl and isopropyl N -methylanthranilates, two natural products with panacea-like properties, we investigated their effects on thioglycolate-elicited macrophages by evaluating macrophage ability to metabolize MTT, macrophage membrane function, and macrophage myeloperoxidase and phagocytic activities. Moreover, two additional aspects of the inflammatory response of these compounds, their inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase and catalase, were studied. It was found that these two compounds regulate elicited macrophage functions, most probably by interfering with the function of cell membranes and changing the reducing cellular capacity or enzyme activity of macrophages. Nonetheless, no significant inhibitory action either towards xanthine oxidase or catalase was found, suggesting that the inhibition of these enzymes is not involved in the anti-inflammatory mode of action of these two esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Miltojević
- Univerzitet v Nisu Fakultet zastite na radu, -, Čarnojevića 10a, Serbia, 1800, Nis, SERBIA
| | - Katarina V Mitić
- Univerzitet u Beogradu Bioloski Fakultet, Institut Ivan Djaja, Studentski trg 16, Serbia, 1100, Belgrade, SERBIA
| | - Nikola M Stojanović
- Universitet u Nisu Medicinski Fakultet, Fiziologija, Zorana Đinđića 81, Serbia, 1800, Nis, SERBIA
| | - Pavle J Randjelović
- Universitet u Nisu Medicinski Fakultet, Fiziologija, Zorana Đinđića 81, Serbia, 18000, Nis, SERBIA
| | - Niko S Radulović
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, Chemistry, Visegradska 33, 1800, Niš, SERBIA
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11
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Das AB, Seddon AR, O'Connor KM, Hampton MB. Regulation of the epigenetic landscape by immune cell oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:131-149. [PMID: 33444713 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of microbicidal oxidants by neutrophils can damage host tissue. The short-term response of cells to oxidative stress is well understood, but the mechanisms behind long-term consequences require further clarification. Epigenetic pathways mediate cellular adaptation, and are therefore a potential target of oxidative stress. Indeed, there is evidence that many proteins and metabolites involved in epigenetic pathways are redox sensitive. In this review we provide an overview of the epigenetic landscape and discuss the potential for redox regulation. Using this information, we highlight specific examples where neutrophil oxidants react with epigenetic pathway components. We also use published data from redox proteomics to map out known intersections between oxidative stress and epigenetics that may signpost helpful directions for future investigation. Finally, we discuss the role neutrophils play in adaptive pathologies with a focus on tumour initiation and progression. We hope this information will stimulate further discourse on the emerging field of redox epigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Das
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Annika R Seddon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Karina M O'Connor
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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12
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Garley M, Jabłońska E, Miltyk W, Grubczak K, Surażyński A, Ratajczak-Wrona W, Grudzińska M, Nowacka KH, Moniuszko M, Pałka JA, Borys J, Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła D. Cancers Cells in Traps? The Pathways of NETs Formation in Response to OSCC in Humans-A Pilot Study. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820960473. [PMID: 33073595 PMCID: PMC7791464 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820960473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in response to direct or indirect contact with SCC cells in comparison to results obtained in the cells of healthy subjects. To fulfill study objectives CAL 27 cell line and blood were obtained from cancer patients and control subjects. Parameters related to NETs formation were analyzed utilizing flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and ELISA-type tests. The expression of selected phosphorylated proteins of the PI3K/Akt/PBK pathway in neutrophils was evaluated using the Western blot method. An increase in NETs formation was observed in a coculture of neutrophils with SCC cells, with the largest amount of NETs formed after stimulation with a supernatant obtained from the SCC culture. The enhanced process of NETs formation was accompanied by changes in the expression of proteins from the PI3K/Akt/PBK pathway. The obtained results prove the existence of interactions between neutrophils and cancer cells resulting in NETosis with the participation of the PI3K/Akt/PBK pathway in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Garley
- 37801Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- 37801Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Miltyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Analysis, The Centre for Innovative Research, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Centre for Innovative Research, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Kinga H Nowacka
- 37801Department of Immunology Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy A Pałka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Centre for Innovative Research, 37801Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, 37801Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Poland
| | - Dorota Dziemiańczyk-Pakieła
- Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery Ward of the Provincial Integrated Hospital Jędrzej Śniadecki in Bialystok, Poland
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13
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Revealing the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073352. [PMID: 33805921 PMCID: PMC8037642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy with multifactorial etiology, which includes metabolic alterations as contributors to disease development. Studies have shown that lipid status disorders are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. In line with this, previous studies have also suggested that the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreases in patients with CRC, but more recently, the focus of investigations has shifted toward the exploration of qualitative properties of HDL in this malignancy. Herein, a comprehensive overview of available evidences regarding the putative role of HDL in CRC will be presented. We will analyze existing findings regarding alterations of HDL-C levels but also HDL particle structure and distribution in CRC. In addition, changes in HDL functionality in this malignancy will be discussed. Moreover, we will focus on the genetic regulation of HDL metabolism, as well as the involvement of HDL in disturbances of cholesterol trafficking in CRC. Finally, possible therapeutic implications related to HDL will be presented. Given the available evidence, future studies are needed to resolve all raised issues concerning the suggested protective role of HDL in CRC, its presumed function as a biomarker, and eventual therapeutic approaches based on HDL.
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Luo X, Yu Z, Yue B, Ren J, Zhang J, Mani S, Wang Z, Dou W. Obacunone reduces inflammatory signalling and tumour occurrence in mice with chronic inflammation-induced colorectal cancer. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:886-897. [PMID: 32878512 PMCID: PMC8202763 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1812673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obacunone, a limonoid abundantly found in Citrus fruits, exhibits a variety of bioactivities. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of obacunone on a colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model, and clarify its potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The male Balb/c mice were induced with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium for 12 weeks. Obacunone (50 mg/kg) was administered via oral gavage three times every week until the end of the experiment. Disease indexes including body weight, spleen weight, bloody diarrhea, colon length, histopathological score, and tumor size were measured. The anti-proliferation activities of obacunone were analyzed by MTT or flow cytometry. The expression of protein and mRNA related to cell proliferation or inflammatory cytokines was determined by Western blot, q-PCR and IHC. RESULTS Obacunone significantly alleviated bloody diarrhea, colon shortening (7.35 ± 0.2128 vs. 8.275 ± 0.2169 cm), splenomegaly, histological score (9 ± 0.5774 vs. 6 ± 0.5774) and reduced tumor size (4.25 ± 0.6196 vs. 2 ± 0.5669). Meanwhile, the expression of protein and mRNA related to cell proliferation or inflammatory cytokines was remarkably decreased in tumor tissue. Obacunone inhibited the proliferation activities of colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, obacunone induced colorectal cancer cells G1 and G2 phases arrest, and suppressed the expression of cell cycle genes. CONCLUSIONS Obacunone could alleviate CRC via inhibiting inflammatory response and tumor cells proliferation. The results may contribute to the effective utilization of obacunone or its derivatives in the treatment of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilun Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, China
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15
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Voigtlaender M, Beckmann L, Schulenkorf A, Sievers B, Rolling C, Bokemeyer C, Langer F. Effect of myeloperoxidase on the anticoagulant activity of low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban in an in vitro tumor model. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3267-3279. [PMID: 32865287 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation with leukocyte activation is a hallmark of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), and elevated leukocytes predict venous thromboembolism in cancer outpatients. In a recent trial, rivaroxaban was more efficacious than dalteparin in preventing CAT recurrence. OBJECTIVES In a proof-of-concept study, we aimed to provide a mechanistic basis for improved efficacy of rivaroxaban compared to low molecular weight heparin in CAT treatment. METHODS We studied the effects of rivaroxaban, dalteparin, and tinzaparin at peak and trough levels on tumor cell-induced procoagulant activity and platelet aggregation in the presence or absence of the cationic leukocyte-derived enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO). Furthermore, pro-inflammatory conditions were generated by stimulating whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), before measuring thrombin generation in plasma supernatants. RESULTS All three anticoagulants inhibited thrombin generation, fibrin clot formation, and platelet aggregation induced by the tissue factor-expressing prostate carcinoma cell line, 22Rv1. Pre-incubation with MPO partially attenuated the anticoagulant activity of dalteparin and tinzaparin, but not rivaroxaban, at trough levels. The effect of MPO did not involve the enzyme's catalytic properties, but required its structural integrity, as indicated by heat denaturation. In plasma obtained from LPS- or PMA-stimulated whole blood, elevated MPO antigen levels inversely correlated with the ability of tinzaparin to inhibit 22Rv1-induced thrombin generation. CONCLUSIONS Myeloperoxidase release may partially attenuate the anticoagulant activity of trough levels of dalteparin and tinzaparin in the context of paraneoplastic leukocyte activation. However, this effect is likely not sufficient to explain the improved efficacy of rivaroxaban, and possibly other oral factor Xa inhibitors, in CAT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Voigtlaender
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Beckmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Schulenkorf
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Sievers
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Rolling
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Langer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Simultaneous LC-MS/MS-Based Quantification of Free 3-Nitro-l-tyrosine, 3-Chloro-l-tyrosine, and 3-Bromo-l-tyrosine in Plasma of Colorectal Cancer Patients during Early Postoperative Period. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215158. [PMID: 33167555 PMCID: PMC7663926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification with satisfactory specificity and sensitivity of free 3-Nitro-l-tyrosine (3-NT), 3-Chloro-l-tyrosine (3-CT), and 3-Bromo-l-tyrosine (3-BT) in biological samples as potential inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer biomarkers is analytically challenging. We aimed at developing a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method for their simultaneous analysis without an extract purification step by solid-phase extraction. Validation of the developed method yielded the following limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for 3-NT, 3-BT, and 3-CT: 0.030, 0.026, 0.030 ng/mL (LODs) and 0.100, 0.096, 0.098 ng/mL (LOQs). Coefficients of variation for all metabolites and tested concentrations were <10% and accuracy was within 95-105%. Method applicability was tested on colorectal cancer patients during the perioperative period. All metabolites were significantly higher in cancer patients than healthy controls. The 3-NT was significantly lower in advanced cancer and 3-BT showed a similar tendency. Dynamics of 3-BT in the early postoperative period were affected by type of surgery and presence of surgical site infections. In conclusion, a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of free 3-NT, 3-BT, and 3-CT in human plasma has been developed.
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17
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Scandolara TB, da Silva JC, Malanowski J, de Oliveira JA, Rech D, Panis C. Anti-neutrophil antibodies (anti-MPO-ANCAs) are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Immunobiology 2020; 225:152011. [PMID: 33130517 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil antibodies are capable of activating neutrophils in sterile environments, releasing extracellular traps containing myeloperoxidase (MPO) and anti-MPO antibodies (MPO-ANCAs or anti-MPO-ANCAs), which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The present study evaluated systemic and tumor tissue levels of anti-MPO-ANCAs breast cancer patients, and its relation to clinicopathological characteristics. Anti-MPO-ANCAs were measured in serum and tissue samples of 150 patients by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Samples were pooled according to clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Higher anti-MPO-ANCAs levels were detected in groups presenting negative clinicopathological characteristics, such as high histological grade tumors and risk factors such as body mass index, menopausal status and early onset at diagnosis. The present data highlights anti-MPO-ANCAs as associated to poor prognosis in breast cancer, a role beyond its actually discussed role in autoimmunity and vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Basso Scandolara
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduation Program of Health-Applied Sciences, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla da Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil; Post-graduation Program of Health-Applied Sciences, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Malanowski
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janoário Athanázio de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil; Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital (Ceonc), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil; Post-graduation Program of Health-Applied Sciences, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil; Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital (Ceonc), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil; Post-graduation Program of Health-Applied Sciences, State University of West Paraná (Unioeste), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
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18
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Lonardo A, Roncucci L. The "obese liver" and gastrointestinal cancer risk. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:44. [PMID: 32632395 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Roncucci
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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19
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Conciatori F, Bazzichetto C, Falcone I, Ferretti G, Cognetti F, Milella M, Ciuffreda L. Colorectal cancer stem cells properties and features: evidence of interleukin-8 involvement. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:968-979. [PMID: 35582268 PMCID: PMC9019202 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains a disease with high percentage of death, principally due to therapy resistance and metastasis. During the time the hypothesis has been reinforced that CRC stem cells (CRCSC) are involved in allowing intratumoral heterogeneity, drug escape mechanisms and secondary tumors. CRCSC are characterized by specific surface markers (i.e., CD44 and CD133), signaling pathways activation (i.e., Wnt and Notch) and gene expression (i.e., Oct4 and Snail), which confer to CRCSC self-renewal abilities and pluripotent capacity. Interleukin (IL)-8 is correlated to CRC progression, development of liver metastases and chemoresistance; moreover, IL-8 modulates not only stemness maintenance but also stemness promotion, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This review wants to give a brief and up-to-date overview on IL-8 implication in CRCSC cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ferretti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.,SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy
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20
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Haque MA, Platts-Mills JA, Mduma E, Bodhidatta L, Bessong P, Shakoor S, Kang G, Kosek MN, Lima AAM, Shrestha SK, Alam MA, Havt A, Samie A, Guerrant RL, Lang D, Mahfuz M, Bhutta ZA, Houpt ER, Ahmed T. Determinants of Campylobacter infection and association with growth and enteric inflammation in children under 2 years of age in low-resource settings. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17124. [PMID: 31748573 PMCID: PMC6868199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species infections have been associated with malnutrition and intestinal inflammation among children in low-resource settings. However, it remains unclear whether that association is specific to Campylobacter jejuni/coli. The aim of this study was to assess the association between both all Campylobacter species infections and Campylobacter jejuni/coli infections on growth and enteric inflammation in children aged 1-24 months. We analyzed data from 1715 children followed from birth until 24 months of age in the MAL-ED birth cohort study, including detection of Campylobacter species by enzyme immunoassay and Campylobacter jejuni/coli by quantitative PCR in stool samples. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentration in stool, used as a quantitative index of enteric inflammation, was measured. The incidence rate per 100 child-months of infections with Campylobacter jejuni/coli and Campylobacter species during 1-24 month follow up were 17.7 and 29.6 respectively. Female sex of child, shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding, lower maternal age, mother having less than 3 living children, maternal educational level of <6 years, lack of routine treatment of drinking water, and unimproved sanitation were associated with Campylobacter jejuni/coli infection. The cumulative burden of both Campylobacter jejuni/coli infections and Campylobacter species were associated with poor growth and increased intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahshanul Haque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - James A Platts-Mills
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Margaret N Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Iquitos, Peru
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aldo A M Lima
- Clinical Research Unit and Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Clinical Research Unit and Institute of Biomedicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Richard L Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Dennis Lang
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Eric R Houpt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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21
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Chuang JP, Lee JC, Leu TH, Hidajah AC, Chang YH, Li CY. Association of gout and colorectal cancer in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028892. [PMID: 31601586 PMCID: PMC6797386 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine colorectal cancer (CRC) risks among patients with gout through a follow-up study on a nationwide population-based cohort that included patients with gout and the general population in Taiwan. PARTICIPANT From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 28 061 patients who were newly diagnosed with gout between 2000 and 2010 as the study cohort. We randomly selected 84 248 subjects matching in gender, age and baseline year as comparison cohort. The cohorts were followed up until CRC occurrence, withdrawal from the system of National Health Insurance, or Dec. 31, 2013. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Cumulative incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of CRC between two cohorts were examined. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate risk factors associated with CRC development. RESULTS During the 13-year follow-up, the incidence rate of CRC development in the gout cohort reached 2.44 per 1000 person-years, which was higher than the 2.13 per 1000 person-years in the control cohort (IRR=1.15; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26). After adjusting for age, gender, urbanisation status and comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, gout showed no significant association with increased risk of CRC occurrence (adjusted HR=1.03; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.14). CONCLUSIONS Similar risks of CRC incidence were observed in patients with and without gout in Taiwan. Allopurinol and colchicine are commonly used as urate-lowering drug and anti-inflammation medication in Taiwan and had been shown to reduce the risk of CRC incidence. Thus, further pharmaco-epidemiological studies should be carried out to specifically assess the role of allopurinol in the relationship between gout and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pin Chuang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Puzi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Chang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Horng Leu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Atik Choirul Hidajah
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ya-Hui Chang
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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22
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Hu X, Li YQ, Ma XJ, Zhang L, Cai SJ, Peng JJ. A Risk Signature With Inflammatory and T Immune Cells Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer Predicting Distant Metastases and Efficiency of Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:704. [PMID: 31456937 PMCID: PMC6700227 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to accurately predict oncological outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC), we established a risk signature with tumor infiltrating neutrophils and T immune cells for prognosis. A total of 276 CRC patients from FUSCC, and 434 patients from TCGA cohort were enrolled in the study. A risk signature model in combination with CEACAM8+ neutrophils, CD3+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells was established, and the relationships with patient clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were evaluated. In TCGA cohort, high CEACAM8 expression was observed as an independent factor of poor disease-free survival (DFS), as well as inversely correlated with CD8 (P = 0.0035) and FOXP3 expression (P = 0.05). In the FUSCC cohort for validation, the association between CEACAM8+ neutrophils and DFS had been confirmed in CRC tissue (P = 0.026). Furthermore, a risk stratification was derived from integration of CEACAM8+ neutrophils and T immune cells. In both OS and DFS, the high-risk group all demonstrated worse prognosis than low-risk group, with statistical significance (all P < 0.001). In addition, the high-risk group was correlated with post-operative relapses with accurate prediction. Furthermore, the high-risk group identified a subgroup of CRC patients who appeared not to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. At last, predictive nomograms were constructed with recognized independent prognosticators, showing this risk signature increasing the predictive accuracy and efficiency for OS and DFS. In conclusion, incorporation of neutrophil into T lymphocytes could provide more accurate prognostic information in CRC, and this risk stratification predicted for survival benefit from post-operative chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ji Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - San-Jun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shi Q, Shen L, Gan J, He L, Lin J, Guo S, Xiong Z, Lin J, Zhang S. Integrative analysis identifies DNMTs against immune-infiltrating neutrophils and dendritic cells in colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2019; 14:392-404. [PMID: 30880552 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1588684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterizations, including microsatellite instability (MSI) and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) showed strong associations in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and provided a deeper understanding of the etiology of disease. However, the global relationship between epigenetic alternations and changes in mRNA expression in CRC remains largely undefined, especially regarding the roles of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Here, we conducted a systematic network comparison to explore the global conservation between co-expressed and co-methylated modules. We successfully identified immune-related modules that were regulated by DNMTs and had strong associations with immune-infiltrating neutrophils and dendritic cells in CRC. Moreover, we found that genes in those modules were prognostic for CRC, with 97.1% (168/173) being significantly influenced by DNMTs. Thus, this study resolved an interaction between DNA methylation and mRNA expression through DNMTs. Additionally, we provided evidence that DNMTs control the global hypomethylation of oncogenes, including ALOX5AP and CSF3R that otherwise have high methylation in normal colons. Such genes were also more sensitive to DNMT changes, such as in CRC. Collectively, our analyzes provided a systems biology approach to investigate the association among different molecular phenotypes in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Shi
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory , Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Libing Shen
- b Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Jun Gan
- c School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Lirong He
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory , Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Jing Lin
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory , Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Guo
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory , Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Zi Xiong
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory , Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory , Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Shun Zhang
- a Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory , Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , P.R. China
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Lee SM, Kim N, Yoon H, Nam RH, Lee DH. Microbial Changes and Host Response in F344 Rat Colon Depending on Sex and Age Following a High-Fat Diet. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2236. [PMID: 30298061 PMCID: PMC6160749 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, an important component that affects host health, change rapidly and directly in response to altered diet composition. Recently, the role of diet–microbiome interaction on the development of colon cancer has been the focus of interest. Colon cancer occurs more frequently in an aged population, and in males. However, the effect of dietary changes on the gut microbiome has been studied mainly in young males, even though it may vary with age and sex. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial changes and host response in the colons of male and female 6-week-old (young) and 2-year-old (old) Fisher-344 rats exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD). Our results showed that exposure to HFD for 8 weeks decreased the species richness of microbiota (Chao1) and increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio only in aged rats, and not in young rats. Sex differences underlying the alteration by HFD in the gut microbiome were observed in the microbiome of aged rats. For instance, the abundance ratio of Akkermansia muciniphila and Desulfovibrio spp. increased in response to HFD in young rats and female aged rats, but not in male aged rats. Histological inflammation and cell proliferation of colon mucosa (indexed by Ki67) were significantly increased by HFD even in young rats; aged rats showed significantly higher cell proliferation in the HFD group than in the control. The HFD-induced decrease of species richness and the increase in specific species (Desulfovibrio spp. and Clostridium lavalense), which produce carcinogenic compounds such as H2S and N-nitroso compounds, were significantly correlated with Ki67 index. In colon mucosa, the concentration of myeloperoxidase was increased by HFD only in males, and not in females. In conclusion, the results suggest a link between HFD-induced gut dysbiosis (particularly the low species richness and high abundance ratios of Desulfovibrio spp. and C. lavalense) and cell proliferation of colon mucosa (indicated by Ki67 IHC). In addition, sex differences influence the response of gut microbiome to HFD particularly in old age. Such sex differences in the gut microbiota might be related to sex differences in inflammation in the colon mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Leman JKH, Sandford SK, Rhodes JL, Kemp RA. Multiparametric analysis of colorectal cancer immune responses. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2995-3005. [PMID: 30038466 PMCID: PMC6054948 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i27.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, with a diverse and plastic immune cell infiltrate. These immune cells play an important role in regulating tumour growth - progression or elimination. Some populations of cells have a strong correlation with disease-free survival, making them useful prognostic markers. In particular, the infiltrate of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells into CRC tumours has been validated worldwide as a valuable indicator of patient prognosis. However, the heterogeneity of the immune response, both between patients with tumours of different molecular subtypes, and within the tumour itself, necessitates the use of multiparametric analysis in the investigation of tumour-specific immune responses. This review will outline the multiparametric analysis techniques that have been developed and applied to studying the role of immune cells in the tumour, with a focus on colorectal cancer. Because much of the data in this disease relates to T cell subsets and heterogeneity, we have used T cell populations as examples throughout. Flow and mass cytometry give a detailed representation of the cells within the tumour in a single-cell suspension on a per-cell basis. Imaging technologies, such as imaging mass cytometry, are used to investigate increasing numbers of markers whilst retaining the spatial and structural information of the tumour section and the infiltrating immune cells. Together, the analyses of multiple immune parameters can provide valuable information to guide clinical decision-making in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia KH Leman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Sarah K Sandford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Janet L Rhodes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
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26
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Benelli R, Venè R, Ferrari N. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (cyclooxygenase-2), a complex target for colorectal cancer prevention and therapy. Transl Res 2018; 196:42-61. [PMID: 29421522 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A plentiful literature has linked colorectal cancer (CRC) to inflammation and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS)2 expression. Accordingly, several nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been tested often successfully in CRC chemoprevention despite their different ability to specifically target PTGS2 and the low or null expression of PTGS2 in early colon adenomas. Some observational studies showed an increased survival for patients with CRC assuming NSAIDs after diagnosis, but no clinical trial has yet demonstrated the efficacy of NSAIDs against established CRC, where PTGS2 is expressed at high levels. The major limits for the application of NSAIDs, or specific PTGS2 inhibitors, as adjuvant drugs in CRC are (1) a frequent confusion about the physiological role of PTGS1 and PTGS2, reflecting in CRC pathology and therapy; (2) the presence of unavoidable side effects linked to the intrinsic function of these enzymes; (3) the need of established criteria and markers for patient selection; and (4) the evaluation of the immunomodulatory potential of PTGS2 inhibitors as possible adjuvants for immunotherapy. This review has been written to rediscover the multifaceted potential of PTGS2 targeting, hoping it could act as a starting point for a new and more aware application of NSAIDs against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Benelli
- OU Immunology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy.
| | - Roberta Venè
- OU Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ferrari
- OU Molecular Oncology & Angiogenesis, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico per l'oncologia), Genoa, Italy
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27
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Tseng HW, Tseng HH, Liou HH, Tsai KW, Ger LP, Shiue YL. The association between immunoexpression levels of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes and lip squamous cell carcinoma. APMIS 2018; 126:403-412. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Tseng
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hwa Tseng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Taipei Tzu Chi hospital; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research; Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research; Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research; Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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28
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Hanifeh M, Sankari S, Rajamäki MM, Syrjä P, Kilpinen S, Suchodolski JS, Heilmann RM, Guadiano P, Lidbury J, Steiner JM, Spillmann T. S100A12 concentrations and myeloperoxidase activities are increased in the intestinal mucosa of dogs with chronic enteropathies. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:125. [PMID: 29618371 PMCID: PMC5885293 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal mucosal S100A12 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are inflammatory biomarkers in humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, these biomarkers have not been studied in the intestinal mucosa of dogs with chronic enteropathies (CE), even though dogs with CE have increased S100A12 concentrations in feces and serum. This study investigated mucosal S100A12 concentrations and MPO activities in both dogs with CE and healthy Beagles. ELISA (S100A12 concentrations) and spectrophotometric methods (MPO activity) were used. The associations of both biomarkers with canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI), histopathologic findings, clinical outcome, and serum albumin concentrations were also investigated. We studied intestinal mucosal samples originating from different intestinal regions of 40 dogs with CE and 18 healthy Beagle dogs (duodenum, ileum, colon, and cecum). Results Compared with healthy Beagles, mucosal S100A12 concentrations in dogs with CE were significantly higher in the duodenum (p < 0.0001) and colon (p = 0.0011), but not in the ileum (p = 0.2725) and cecum (p = 0.2194). Mucosal MPO activity of dogs with CE was significantly higher in the duodenum (p < 0.0001), ileum (p = 0.0083), colon (p < 0.0001), and cecum (p = 0.0474). Mucosal S100A12 concentrations in the duodenum were significantly higher if the inflammatory infiltrate consisted mainly of neutrophils (p = 0.0439) or macrophages (p = 0.037). Mucosal S100A12 concentrations also showed a significant association with the severity of total histopathological injury and epithelial injury in the colon (p < 0.05). Mucosal MPO activity showed a significant association (p < 0.05) with the severity of total histopathological injury, epithelial injury, and eosinophil infiltration in the duodenum. There was no significant association of both biomarkers with CIBDAI or clinical outcome. Conclusions This study showed that both mucosal S100A12 concentrations and MPO activities are significantly increased in the duodenum and colon of dogs with CE; mucosal MPO was also increased in the ileum and cecum. Future research should focus on assessing the clinical utility of S100A12 and MPO as diagnostic markers in dogs with CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hanifeh
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Satu Sankari
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna M Rajamäki
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernilla Syrjä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanne Kilpinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Romy M Heilmann
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 23, 04103, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - Phillip Guadiano
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Jonathan Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA
| | - Thomas Spillmann
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Neutrophil infiltration is a favorable prognostic factor in early stages of colon cancer. Hum Pathol 2017; 68:193-202. [PMID: 28882699 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumor immune response has been proven critical to prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), but studies on the prognostic role of neutrophil infiltration have shown contradictory results. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic role of infiltrating neutrophils at different intratumoral subsites and in different molecular subgroups of CRC. The relations between neutrophil infiltration and infiltration of other immune cells (T-cell and macrophage subsets) were also addressed. Expression of the neutrophil marker CD66b was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 448 archival human tumor tissue samples from patients surgically resected for CRC. The infiltration of CD66b-positive cells was semi-quantitatively evaluated along the tumor invasive front, in the tumor center, and within the tumor epithelium (intraepithelial expression). We found that poor infiltration of CD66b-positive cells in the tumor front indicated a worse patient prognosis. The prognostic significance of CD66b infiltration was found to be mainly independent of tumor molecular characteristics and maintained significance in multivariable analysis of stage I-II colon cancers. We further analyzed the prognostic impact of CD66b-positive cells in relation to other immune markers (NOS2, CD163, Tbet, FOXP3, and CD8) and found that neutrophil infiltration, even though strongly correlated to infiltration of other immune cell subsets, had additional prognostic value. In conclusion, we find that low infiltration of neutrophils in the tumor front is an independent prognostic factor for a poorer patient prognosis in early stages of colon cancers. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biological role of neutrophils in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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30
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Rivera C, Oliveira AK, Costa RAP, De Rossi T, Paes Leme AF. Prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Oral Oncol 2017; 72:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mariani F, Roncucci L. Role of the Vanins-Myeloperoxidase Axis in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E918. [PMID: 28448444 PMCID: PMC5454831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of chronic inflammation in the colonic mucosa leads to an increased risk of cancer. Among proteins involved in the regulation of mucosal inflammation and that may contribute both to structural damage of the intestinal mucosa and to intestinal carcinogenesis, there are myeloperoxidase (MPO) and vanins. The infiltration of colonic mucosa by neutrophils may promote carcinogenesis through MPO, a key enzyme contained in the lysosomes of neutrophils that regulates local inflammation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mutagenic species. The human vanin gene family consists of three genes: vanin-1, vanin-2 and vanin-3. All vanin molecules are pantetheinases, that hydrolyze pantetheine into pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and cysteamine, a sulfhydryl compound. Vanin-1 loss confers an increased resistance to stress and acute intestinal inflammation, while vanin-2 regulates adhesion and transmigration of activated neutrophils. The metabolic product of these enzymes has a prominent role in the inflammation processes by affecting glutathione levels, inducing ulcers through a reduction in mucosal blood flow and oxygenation, decreasing local defense mechanisms, and in carcinogenesis by damaging DNA and regulating pathways involved in cell apoptosis, metabolism and growth, as Nrf2 and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mariani
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine, and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Luca Roncucci
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine, and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
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32
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Ki-67 protein expression and tumor associated inflammatory cells (macrophages and mast cells) in canine colorectal carcinoma. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:111. [PMID: 28427401 PMCID: PMC5397705 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ki67 index, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and mast cells (MCs) are associated with malignancies in animal and human neoplasms including colorectal carcinomas (CRC). This has not been assessed in canine CRC. Given similar genetic abnormalities between human and canine CRC, we assessed Ki-67 and mitotic indices, TAMs and MC count (MCC) in canine CRC (n = 17). TAMs and MCC were compared with those in adenomas (n = 13) and control (n = 9). Results Ki-67 index in CRC (17.13 ± 11.50) was strongly correlated (r = 0.98, p < 0.05) with mitotic index (3.52 ± 1.80). MCC was higher (p < 0.05) in CRC (6.30 ± 3.98) than in adenomas (0.78 ± 0.77) and control (0.35 ± 0.33). The results suggest that Ki-67 index and MCC are associated with malignancy in canine CRC. Higher average TAMs were counted in adenomas (21.30 ± 20.70) and in CRC (11.00 ± 9.82) than in the control (7.69 ± 7.26), although the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Ki-67 index, TAMs and MCC in canine CRC were recorded for the first time in this study. Ki-67 index and MCC are associated with malignancy in canine CRC. Quantitative assessment of MCs and Ki-67 coupled with mitotic index and other clinical parameters may help in evaluating malignancy in canine CRC. TAMs likely play a role in the development of canine colorectal tumors. Further studies to determine the clinical significance of these parameters for prognostic, chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic purposes in canine colorectal tumors are recommended.
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Kanda Y, Osaki M, Okada F. Chemopreventive Strategies for Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis: Current Status and Future Direction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E867. [PMID: 28422073 PMCID: PMC5412448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A sustained and chronically-inflamed environment is characterized by the presence of heterogeneous inflammatory cellular components, including neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts. These infiltrated cells produce growth stimulating mediators (inflammatory cytokines and growth factors), chemotactic factors (chemokines) and genotoxic substances (reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide) and induce DNA damage and methylation. Therefore, chronic inflammation serves as an intrinsic niche for carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this article, we summarize the up-to-date findings regarding definitive/possible causes and mechanisms of inflammation-related carcinogenesis derived from experimental and clinical studies. We also propose 10 strategies, as well as candidate agents for the prevention of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kanda
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
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Myeloperoxidase-positive cell infiltration of normal colorectal mucosa is related to body fatness and is predictive of adenoma occurrence. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:982-985. [PMID: 28356561 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Body fatness is a risk factor for colorectal cancer, and promotes an inflammatory environment. Indeed, inflammation in normal colorectal mucosa may be a factor linking body fatness to colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cells infiltration of normal colorectal mucosa as a marker of cancer-promoting inflammation in overweight and obese subjects. One hundred and three subjects with normal colonoscopy entered the study. Waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured, and MPO-positive cells on histological sections of biopsies of normal colorectal mucosa were counted under a light microscope. The occurrence of adenomas was then evaluated on follow-up colonoscopies. Mean MPO-positive cell count (±s.e.m.) was higher in subject with a WC equal or above the obesity cutoff values according to gender (2.63±0.20 vs 2.06±0.18, P=0.03), and in subjects with BMI equal or above 25 kg m-2 (2.54±0.18 vs 1.97±0.20, P=0.03). A Cox proportional hazard model showed that mean MPO-positive cell count in normal colorectal mucosa was the only factor independently related to occurrence of adenomas in follow-up colonoscopies. Though preliminary, these results show that MPO-positive cell infiltration in normal colorectal mucosa is related with body fatness, as evaluated by WC and BMI, and it may be considered a useful and simple marker to estimate adenoma occurrence risk.
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35
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Mancini S, Mariani F, Sena P, Benincasa M, Roncucci L. Myeloperoxidase expression in human colonic mucosa is related to systemic oxidative balance in healthy subjects. Redox Rep 2017; 22:399-407. [PMID: 28064732 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1277049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve understanding of the preclinical stage of colonic inflammation by exploring the existence of a link between early inflammatory changes in the colonic mucosa and the systemic redox balance. METHODS Clinical characteristics, a fasting blood draw, and mucosal biopsies from the right, left, and sigmoid-rectum colonic tracts collected from 28 healthy individuals (14/14 males/females) who underwent colonoscopy. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive cells infiltrating colonic mucosa specimens were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and patients divided into high or low MPO expressing cells/optical field groups (MPOhigh or MPOlow, respectively).The systemic oxidative balance has been studied through derived-Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d-ROMs), Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP), and Lipoperoxide-cholesterol Oxidizing (LP-CHOLOX) tests on serum. RESULTS MPOhigh patients demonstrated an increased systemic oxidative stress compared to MPOlow individuals (P = 0.035), especially when MPO is referred to the left-sided colonic mucosa (P = 0.007). MPOlow subjects in the sigmoid-rectum showed a significant higher antioxidant capacity in the serum (P < 0.02). Sex-specific differences in MPO expression (male and female: 4.6 ± 3.2 and 2.6 ± 1.5 MPO-positive cells/optical field, respectively, P = 0.044), and a decreasing gradient in MPO expression moving from the cecum to the rectum (ascendant, descendant, and sigmoid-rectum: 3.7 ± 2.8, 3.1 ± 1.7, and 1.4 ± 0.5, respectively, P = 0.012) were also found and discussed. DISCUSSION The study is the first demonstrating a connection between systemic redox balance and MPO expression in the colonic mucosa, according to the colonic tract and patient gender. Further research evaluating the MPO expression in the human colon and its relationship with pathological conditions could benefit from these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mancini
- a Department of Diagnostics, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, Section of Human Morphology , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Francesco Mariani
- a Department of Diagnostics, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, Section of Human Morphology , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- b Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Marta Benincasa
- b Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Section of Human Morphology , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Luca Roncucci
- a Department of Diagnostics, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, Section of Human Morphology , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
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Crespo-Sanjuán J, Calvo-Nieves MD, Aguirre-Gervás B, Herreros-Rodríguez J, Velayos-Jiménez B, Castro-Alija MJ, Muñoz-Moreno MF, Sánchez D, Zamora-González N, Bajo-Grañeras R, García-Centeno RM, Largo Cabrerizo ME, Bustamante MR, Garrote-Adrados JA. Early detection of high oxidative activity in patients with adenomatous intestinal polyps and colorectal adenocarcinoma: myeloperoxidase and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in serum as new markers of oxidative stress in colorectal cancer. Lab Med 2016; 46:123-35. [PMID: 25918191 DOI: 10.1309/lmzjju6bc86wudhw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To detect whether signs of oxidative stress appear at early stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC), particularly in the polyp stage. We also aimed to evaluate the specific entities myeloperoxidase (MPO) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) as novel markers of oxidation in the plasma of patients with CRC and to study the relationship between oxidative status in plasma and patient survival. METHODS We assayed serum or plasma specimens from healthy control subjects (n = 14), from patients with intestinal polyps (n = 39), and from patients with CRC (n = 128) to calculate the modified oxidative balance score (MOBS) using several serum markers (β-carotene, lycopene, vitamin A, vitamin E, MPO, and oxLDL). We also assayed the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and obtained lipid profiles. Finally, we studied the survival of patients in relationship to oxidative status (antioxidants and pro-oxidants) and inflammation markers, and added theses data to the lipid profile for each patient. RESULTS Oxidative stress levels increased as disease stage advanced. This increase was detected early in the polyp stage, before polyps progressed to cancer, and could be measured by the increase of such new markers as MPO and oxLDL, the decrease in antioxidants, and the MOBS value. Higher levels of oxidation correlated with lower survival. CONCLUSION The oxidation process, which can cause mutations leading to CRC, begins development in the polyp stage. This process may be detected early by monitoring serum markers such as MPO and oxLDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Crespo-Sanjuán
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María D Calvo-Nieves
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aguirre-Gervás
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Herreros-Rodríguez
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Benito Velayos-Jiménez
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María J Castro-Alija
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María F Muñoz-Moreno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Diego Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Valladolid-Superior Council of Scientific Investigations (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nuria Zamora-González
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bajo-Grañeras
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Valladolid-Superior Council of Scientific Investigations (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa M García-Centeno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María E Largo Cabrerizo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María R Bustamante
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Galdiero MR, Bianchi P, Grizzi F, Di Caro G, Basso G, Ponzetta A, Bonavita E, Barbagallo M, Tartari S, Polentarutti N, Malesci A, Marone G, Roncalli M, Laghi L, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Jaillon S. Occurrence and significance of tumor-associated neutrophils in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:446-56. [PMID: 26939802 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cells are an essential component of the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils have emerged as important players in the orchestration and effector phase of innate and adaptive immunity. The significance of tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been the subject of conflicting reports and the present study was designed to set up a reliable methodology to assess TAN infiltration in CRC and to evaluate their clinical significance. CD66b and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed as candidate neutrophil markers in CRC using immunohistochemistry. CD66b was found to be a reliable marker to identify TAN in CRC tissues, whereas MPO also identified a subset of CD68(+) macrophages. CRC patients (n = 271) (Stages I-IV) were investigated retrospectively by computer-assisted imaging on whole tumor sections. TAN density dramatically decreases in Stage IV patients as compared to Stage I-III. At Cox analysis, higher TAN density was associated with better prognosis. Importantly, multivariate analysis showed that prognostic significance of TAN can be influenced by clinical stage and 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)-based chemotherapy. On separate analysis of Stage III patients (n = 178), TAN density had a dual clinical significance depending on the use of 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Unexpectedly, higher TAN density was associated with better response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Thus, TAN are an important component of the immune cell infiltrate in CRC and assessment of TAN infiltration may help identify patients likely to benefit from 5-FU-based chemotherapy. These results call for a reassessment of the role of neutrophils in cancer using rigorous quantitative methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology & Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Caro
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Gianluca Basso
- Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology & Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bonavita
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Barbagallo
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Silvia Tartari
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Nadia Polentarutti
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Alberto Malesci
- Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy.,Department of Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Roncalli
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Hereditary Cancer Genetic Clinic & Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Sébastien Jaillon
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
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38
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Liu Q, Zhang B. Integrative Omics Analysis Reveals Post-Transcriptionally Enhanced Protective Host Response in Colorectal Cancers with Microsatellite Instability. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:766-76. [PMID: 26680540 PMCID: PMC4782175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a frequent and clinically relevant molecular phenotype in colorectal cancer. MSI cancers have favorable survival compared with microsatellite stable cancers (MSS), possibly due to the pronounced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes observed in MSI cancers. Consistent with the strong immune response that MSI cancers trigger in the host, previous transcriptome expression studies have identified mRNA signatures characteristic of immune response in MSI cancers. However, proteomics features of MSI cancers and the extent to which the mRNA signatures are reflected at the protein level remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive comparison of global proteomics profiles between MSI and MSS colorectal cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. We found that protein signatures of MSI are also associated with increased immunogenicity. To reliably quantify post-transcription regulation in MSI cancers, we developed a resampling-based regression method by integrative modeling of transcriptomics and proteomics data sets. Compared with the popular simple method, which detects post-transcriptional regulation by either identifying genes differentially expressed at the mRNA level but not at the protein level or vice versa, our method provided a quantitative, more sensitive, and accurate way to identify genes subject to differential post-transcriptional regulation. With this method, we demonstrated that post-transcriptional regulation, coordinating protein expression with key players, initiates de novo and enhances protective host response in MSI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department
of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Center
for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Center
for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Antioxidant therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work? Redox Biol 2015; 6:617-639. [PMID: 26520808 PMCID: PMC4637335 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is considered as one of the etiologic factors involved in several signals and symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that include diarrhea, toxic megacolon and abdominal pain. This systematic review discusses approaches, challenges and perspectives into the use of nontraditional antioxidant therapy on IBD, including natural and synthetic compounds in both human and animal models. One hundred and thirty four papers were identified, of which only four were evaluated in humans. Some of the challenges identified in this review can shed light on this fact: lack of standardization of OS biomarkers, absence of safety data and clinical trials for the chemicals and biological molecules, as well as the fact that most of the compounds were not repeatedly tested in several situations, including acute and chronic colitis. This review hopes to stimulate researchers to become more involved in this fruitful area, to warrant investigation of novel, alternative and efficacious antioxidant-based therapies. Major biomarkers used for evaluation of antioxidant therapy were MPO, TBARS/MDA and glutathione levels. Challenges were identified for the yet poor use of antioxidant therapy in IBD. This review stimulates the investigation of alternative and efficacious antioxidant therapies.
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40
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Hanifeh M, Heilmann RM, Sankari S, Rajamäki MM, Mäkitalo L, Syrjä P, Kilpinen S, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Spillmann T. S100A12 concentrations and myeloperoxidase activity in the intestinal mucosa of healthy dogs. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:234. [PMID: 26370713 PMCID: PMC4570263 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few laboratory markers have been evaluated for the detection or monitoring of intestinal inflammation in canine chronic enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous research found that the intestinal mucosal levels of S100A12 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as biomarkers of gut inflammation, were elevated in human patients with IBD. To date, the S100A12 and MPO levels in intestinal mucosal samples from either healthy dogs or from dogs suffering from IBD remain unreported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mucosal S100A12 and MPO levels in four different parts of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) in 12 healthy laboratory Beagle dogs using the ELISA and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. RESULTS Based on histological examinations, the recorded findings for all the samples were considered normal. The mucosal concentration of S100A12 in the ileum was significantly higher than in all other segments of the intestine (p < 0.05). MPO activity was significantly higher in the ileal, jejunal and duodenal than in colonic mucosal samples (p < 0.05). Moreover, its concentration was higher in the jejunum than in the duodenum. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that S100A12 and MPO are reliably detectable in canine intestinal mucosa. The assays used appeared to be sufficient to further evaluate the role of S100A12 and MPO in the pathogenesis of canine chronic enteropathies, including IBD. These biomarkers may play a role in the initial detection of gut inflammation suggesting the need for further investigations to confirm IBD or to differentiate between IBD subtypes. Understanding the role of S100A12 and MPO in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation in future may result in an improved understanding of canine chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hanifeh
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Postal code 5166616471, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Romy M Heilmann
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA.
| | - Satu Sankari
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Minna M Rajamäki
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Laura Mäkitalo
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pernilla Syrjä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Susanne Kilpinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA.
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4474, USA.
| | - Thomas Spillmann
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 57, Viikintie 49, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Al-Salihi M, Reichert E, Fitzpatrick FA. Influence of myeloperoxidase on colon tumor occurrence in inflamed versus non-inflamed colons of Apc(Min/+) mice. Redox Biol 2015; 6:218-225. [PMID: 26262998 PMCID: PMC4536298 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of colorectal cancer needs to be tailored to its etiology. Tumor promotion mechanisms in colitis-associated colon cancer differ somewhat from the mechanisms involved in hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer. Unlike sporadic or inherited tumors, some experimental models show that colitis-associated colon tumors do not require cyclooxygenase (COX) expression for progression, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which prevent sporadic or inherited colon cancer do not prevent colitis-associated colon cancer. We report that myeloperoxidase (MPO), an ancestor of the COX isoenzymes, is a determinant of colitis-associated colon tumors in ApcMin/+ mice. During experimentally induced colitis, inhibition of MPO by resorcinol dampened colon tumor development. Conversely, in the bowels of ApcMin/+ mice without colitis, resorcinol administration or ‘knockout’ of MPO gene coincided with a slight, but discernible increase in colon tumor incidence. Acrolein, a by-product of MPO catalysis, formed a covalent adduct with the phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor and enhanced the activity of the Akt kinase proto-oncogene in vitro and in vivo. Thus, MPO may be an important determinant of diet and inflammation on colon cancer risk via its effect on endogenous exposure to oxidants and acrolein. We propose a hypothetical model to explain an apparent dichotomy between colon tumor occurrence and MPO inhibition in inflamed versus non-inflamed colons. Myeloperoxidase is a determinant of colitis-associated colon tumors in ApcMin/+ mice. Inhibition of MPO by resorcinol dampened colitis-associated colon tumor occurrence. Acrolein is a by-product of MPO catalysis. Acrolein forms a covalent adduct with the phosphatase tensin homolog tumor suppressor. Acrolein adducted PTEN enhances the activity of the Akt kinase proto-oncogene. MPO may have an effect on endogenous exposure to oxidants and acrolein. MPO may be an important determinant of diet and inflammation on colon cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Al-Salihi
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Ethan Reichert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - F A Fitzpatrick
- Kansas City University of Medicine & Biosciences, Department of Pharmacology, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA.
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Panasenko OM, Gorudko IV, Sokolov AV. Hypochlorous acid as a precursor of free radicals in living systems. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1466-89. [PMID: 24490735 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced in the human body by the family of mammalian heme peroxidases, mainly by myeloperoxidase, which is secreted by neutrophils and monocytes at sites of inflammation. This review discusses the reactions that occur between HOCl and the major classes of biologically important molecules (amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and inorganic substances) to form free radicals. The generation of such free radical intermediates by HOCl and other reactive halogen species is accompanied by the development of halogenative stress, which causes a number of socially important diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, infectious, and other diseases usually associated with inflammatory response and characterized by the appearance of biomarkers of myeloperoxidase and halogenative stress. Investigations aimed at elucidating the mechanisms regulating the activity of enzyme systems that are responsible for the production of reactive halogen species are a crucial step in opening possibilities for control of the development of the body's inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Panasenko
- Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
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43
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Synthesis, spectral characterization, cytotoxicity and enzyme-inhibiting activity of new ferrocene–indole hybrids. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Mariani F, Sena P, Roncucci L. Inflammatory pathways in the early steps of colorectal cancer development. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9716-9731. [PMID: 25110410 PMCID: PMC4123361 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in many countries. Colorectal carcinogenesis is a stepwise process which, from normal mucosa leads to malignancy. Many factors have been shown to influence this process, however, at present, several points remain obscure. In recent years some hypotheses have been considered on the mechanisms involved in cancer development, expecially in its early stages. Tissue injury resulting from infectious, mechanical, or chemical agents may elicit a chronic immune response resulting in cellular proliferation and regeneration. Chronic inflammation of the large bowel (as in inflammatory bowel diseases), has been associated with the subsequent development of colorectal cancer. In this review we examine the inflammatory pathways involved in the early steps of carcinogenesis, with particular emphasis on colorectal. Firstly, we describe cells and proteins recently suggested as central in the mechanism leading to tumor development. Macrophages and neutrophils are among the cells mostly involved in these processes and proteins, as cyclooxygenases and resolvins, are crucial in these inflammatory pathways. Indeed, the activation of these pathways establishes an oxidative and anaerobic microenvironment with DNA damage to epithelial cells, and shifting from an aerobic to an anaerobic metabolism. Many cellular mechanisms, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy are altered causing failure to control normal mucosa repair and renewal.
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SENA PAOLA, MARIANI FRANCESCO, BENINCASA MARTA, DE LEON MAURIZIOPONZ, DI GREGORIO CARMELA, MANCINI STEFANO, CAVANI FRANCESCO, SMARGIASSI ALBERTO, PALUMBO CARLA, RONCUCCI LUCA. Morphological and quantitative analysis of BCL6 expression in human colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:103-10. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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46
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Lai WM, Chen CC, Lee JH, Chen CJ, Wang JS, Hou YY, Liou HH, Chen HC, Fu TY, Lee YC, Ger LP. Second primary tumors and myeloperoxidase expression in buccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:464-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Kohda T, Sakuma S, Abe M, Fujimoto Y. Monochloramine suppresses the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2 by both apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:188-93. [PMID: 23945995 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess a possible role of monochloramine (NH2 Cl), one of the reactive chlorine species, which induce oxidative stress, on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell line Caco-2. At concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 μM, NH2 Cl (14-61% inhibition), but not hypochlorous acid, dose-dependently inhibited the cell viability of Caco-2 cells. Experiments utilizing methionine (a scavenger of NH2 Cl), taurine-chloramine and glutamine-chloramine revealed that only NH2 Cl affects the cancer cell proliferation among reactive chlorine species, with a relative specificity. Furthermore, flow-cytometry experiments showed that the anti-proliferative effect of NH2 Cl is partially attributable to both apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that NH2 Cl has the potential to suppress colorectal cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kohda
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Sun P, Zhou K, Wang S, Li P, Chen S, Lin G, Zhao Y, Wang T. Involvement of MAPK/NF-κB signaling in the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in experimental colitis by chronic vagus nerve stimulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69424. [PMID: 23936328 PMCID: PMC3732220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Therapies that increase cardiovagal activity, such as Mind-Body interventions, are currently confirmed to be effective in clinical trials in IBD. However, a poor understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms limits the popularization of therapies in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanisms of these therapies against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats using a chronic vagus nerve stimulation model in vivo, as well as the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) by acetylcholine in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Colitis was induced in rats with rectal instillation of TNBS, and the effect of chronic VNS (0.25 mA, 20 Hz, 500 ms) on colonic inflammation was evaluated. Inflammatory responses were assessed by disease activity index (DAI), histological scores, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α and IL-6 production. The expression of Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) family members, IκB-α, and nuclear NF-κB p65 were studied by immunoblotting. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was also applied to assess the sympathetic-vagal balance. DAI, histological scores, MPO activity, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased by chronic VNS. Moreover, both VNS and acetylcholine reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Methyllycaconitine (MLA) only reversed the inhibitory effect on p-ERK and intranuclear NF-κB p65 expression by ACh in vitro, no significant change was observed in the expression of p-p38 MAPK or p-JNK by MLA. CONCLUSION Vagal activity modification contributes to the beneficial effects of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in IBD-related inflamed colonic mucosa based on the activation of MAPKs and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Our work may provide key pathophysiological mechanistic evidence for novel therapeutic strategies that increase the cardiovagal activity in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kewen Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijuan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiping Lin
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tinghuai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Castillo-Tong DC, Pils D, Heinze G, Braicu I, Sehouli J, Reinthaller A, Schuster E, Wolf A, Watrowski R, Maki RA, Zeillinger R, Reynolds WF. Association of myeloperoxidase with ovarian cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:141-8. [PMID: 23893381 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an oxidant generating enzyme normally restricted to myeloid cells, however aberrant MPO expression has been found to occur in non-myeloid cells in some disease states. The functional -463GA promoter polymorphism alters MPO expression levels. The -463G is within an SP1 binding site and is associated with higher gene expression. The G allele is most frequent with ~62% of European populations being GG homozygotes. The GA polymorphism has been associated with risk or survival in a variety of cancers including lung and breast cancer. In this study we determined the frequency of the -463G/A polymorphism in 230 ovarian cancer patients, 75 patients with borderline ovarian tumors, and 299 healthy controls. The GG genotype was found to be overrepresented in patients with early stage ovarian cancer (83.3% GG, p = 0.008) as compared to healthy controls (62% GG), suggesting that MPO oxidants may increase risk. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed MPO expression in a subset of columnar ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells in early stage carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cacsire Castillo-Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in colorectal neoplastic progression: a marker of malignant potential? Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2537-41. [PMID: 23736029 PMCID: PMC3694245 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has a diverse functional repertoire, involved in the innate immune response as well as cell growth and differentiation. Expression has been linked to malignant disease development and progression. Methods: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin expression was assessed immunohistochemically in 98 colorectal neoplastic lesions (52 cancer polyps (CaPs) and 46 sporadic adenoma/adjacent normal mucosa paired specimens) to investigate association with adenoma progression and early colorectal carcinogenesis. Results: Within CaPs, all adenomatous and carcinomatous epithelium expressed NGAL, with 92% (43 out of 47) and 58% (19 out of 33) epithelial positivity, respectively, as well as positive stromal cell expression. This was significantly increased compared with normal mucosal epithelium (P=0.0001). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin positivity was also identified in sporadic low-grade adenomas, in both the epithelial and stromal compartments as compared with adjacent normal mucosa (P=0.0001 and 0.0002), and this increased along with adenoma size >1 cm (P=0.03). Conclusion: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is expressed by the majority of human neoplastic colorectal lesions. This phenotypic switch occurs at an early stage in neoplastic progression with clear differential expression between normal mucosa and adenomatous polyps, rather than further downstream in disease progression at the adenoma–carcinoma transformation. Thus, NGAL expression is not a useful biomarker for determining disease progression from adenomatous to malignant colorectal neoplasia.
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