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Pizzato M, Santucci C, Parazzini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Cancer mortality patterns in selected Northern and Southern African countries. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024; 33:192-199. [PMID: 37997906 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases have been rapidly increasing in African countries. We provided updated cancer death patterns in selected African countries over the last two decades. METHODS We extracted official death certifications and population data from the WHO and the United Nations Population Division databases. We computed country- and sex-specific age-standardized mortality rates per 100 000 person-years for all cancers combined and ten major cancer sites for the periods 2005-2007 and 2015-2017. RESULTS Lung cancer ranked first for male cancer mortality in all selected countries in the last available period (with the highest rates in Réunion 24/100 000), except for South Africa where prostate cancer was the leading cause of death (23/100 000). Prostate cancer ranked second in Morocco and Tunisia and third in Mauritius and Réunion. Among Egyptian men, leukemia ranked second (with a stable rate of 4.2/100 000) and bladder cancer third (3.5/100 000). Among women, the leading cancer-related cause of death was breast cancer in all selected countries (with the highest rates in Mauritius 19.6/100 000 in 2015-2017), except for South Africa where uterus cancer ranked first (17/100 000). In the second rank there were colorectal cancer in Tunisia (2/100 000), Réunion (9/100 000) and Mauritius (8/100 000), and leukemia in Egypt (3.2/100 000). Colorectal and pancreas cancer mortality rates increased, while stomach cancer mortality rates declined. CONCLUSION Certified cancer mortality rates are low on a global scale. However, mortality rates from selected screening detectable cancers, as well as from infection-related cancers, are comparatively high, calling for improvements in prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Pizzato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan
| | - Claudia Santucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan
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James ND, Tannock I, N'Dow J, Feng F, Gillessen S, Ali SA, Trujillo B, Al-Lazikani B, Attard G, Bray F, Compérat E, Eeles R, Fatiregun O, Grist E, Halabi S, Haran Á, Herchenhorn D, Hofman MS, Jalloh M, Loeb S, MacNair A, Mahal B, Mendes L, Moghul M, Moore C, Morgans A, Morris M, Murphy D, Murthy V, Nguyen PL, Padhani A, Parker C, Rush H, Sculpher M, Soule H, Sydes MR, Tilki D, Tunariu N, Villanti P, Xie LP. The Lancet Commission on prostate cancer: planning for the surge in cases. Lancet 2024; 403:1683-1722. [PMID: 38583453 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D James
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Ian Tannock
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Felix Feng
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Syed Adnan Ali
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Freddie Bray
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Compérat
- Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris; AKH Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ros Eeles
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Áine Haran
- The Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stacy Loeb
- New York University, New York, NY, USA; Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Masood Moghul
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Michael Morris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Declan Murphy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Howard Soule
- Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center and Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nina Tunariu
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Li-Ping Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Huang R, Bornman MSR, Stricker PD, Simoni Brum I, Mutambirwa SBA, Jaratlerdsiri W, Hayes VM. The impact of telomere length on prostate cancer aggressiveness, genomic instability and health disparities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7706. [PMID: 38565642 PMCID: PMC10987561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The telomere repetitive TTAGGG motif at the ends of chromosomes, serves to preserve genomic integrity and chromosomal stability. In turn, genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer-implicating telomere disturbance. Prostate cancer (PCa) shows significant ancestral disparities, with men of African ancestry at the greatest risk for aggressive disease and associated genomic instability. Yet, no study has explored the role of telomere length (TL) with respect to ancestrally driven PCa health disparities. Patient- and technically-matched tumour-blood whole genome sequencing data for 179 ancestrally defined treatment naïve PCa patients (117 African, 62 European), we assessed for TL (blood and tumour) associations. We found shortened tumour TL to be associated with aggressive PCa presentation and elevated genomic instabilities, including percentage of genome alteration and copy number gains, in men of African ancestry. For European patients, tumour TL showed significant associations with PCa driver genes PTEN, TP53, MSH2, SETBP1 and DDX11L1, while shorter blood TL (< 3200 base pairs) and tumour TL (< 2861 base pairs) were correlated with higher risk for biochemical recurrence. Concurring with previous studies linking TL to PCa diagnosis and/or prognosis, for the first time we correlated TL differences with patient ancestry with important implications for future treatments targeting telomere dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Huang
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - M S Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0084, South Africa
| | - Phillip D Stricker
- Department of Urology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ilma Simoni Brum
- Endocrine and Tumor Molecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Shingai B A Mutambirwa
- Department of Urology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Medunsa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Weerachai Jaratlerdsiri
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vanessa M Hayes
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0084, South Africa.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, 0727, Limpopo, South Africa.
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Schmit N, Kaur J, Aglago EK. Mosquito Bed Net Use and Burkitt Lymphoma Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e247351. [PMID: 38635267 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the most common childhood cancers in sub-Saharan Africa and is etiologically linked to malaria. However, evidence for an effect of malaria interventions on BL is limited. Objective To investigate the potential population-level association between large-scale rollout of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in sub-Saharan Africa in the 2000s and BL incidence. Data Sources In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a search was conducted in the Embase, Global Health, and Medline databases and in cancer registry publications between January 1, 1990, and February 27, 2023. Study Selection All epidemiologic studies on BL incidence rates in children and adolescents aged 0 to 15 years in sub-Saharan African countries where malaria is endemic were identified by 2 reviewers blinded to each other's decision. Data Extraction and Synthesis The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers, and quality was scored based on 3 predefined criteria: data collection, case ascertainment, and calculation of person-time at risk. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence rates of BL during childhood and mean ITN use in the population. Data were analyzed using a random-effects negative binomial regression model. Results Of 2333 studies meeting selection criteria, 23 comprising 66 data points on BL incidence were included based on 5226 BL cases from locations with large-scale ITN use in 17 countries. Rates of BL were 44% (95% CI, 12%-64%) lower in the period after ITN introduction compared with before. The adjusted pooled incidence rates of BL were 1.36 (95% CI, 0.88-2.10) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.50-1.16) per 100 000 person-years before and after introduction of ITNs, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, a 1-percentage point increase in mean ITN use in the population in the 10 years before BL data collection was associated with a 2% (95% CI, 1%-4%) reduction in BL incidence. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, large-scale rollout of ITNs in the 2000s was associated with a reduction in BL burden among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Although published data may not be representative of all incidence rates across sub-Saharan Africa, this study highlights a potential additional benefit of malaria control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schmit
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeevan Kaur
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elom K Aglago
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Kara, Kara, Togo
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Sharon BA, Nakaganda A, Fadhil G, June M, Anecho E, Aniku G, Jacinto A, Wao H, Orem J, Daniel O. Cancer patterns in Arua district, Uganda: a hospital-based retrospective study. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1688. [PMID: 38566768 PMCID: PMC10984836 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality with over 19 million cases and 10 million deaths worldwide. Available data on cancer patterns in Uganda are through modelling of data from two population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) representing only about 10% of the cancer situation in Uganda. This study sought to determine the common types of cancer among adults and children in Arua District over a 5-year period (2017-2021). Methods Retrospective cohort chart review and 'catchment population approach' were employed. All newly diagnosed cancer patients from Arua between 2017 and 2021 were included in this study. Data were collected using Redcap whereas management and analysis were conducted using Stata 17. Cancer patterns were computed as frequencies and percentages and the interest was in finding out the common cancers among adults (above 19 years) and children (0-19 years). Results Over the 5-year study period, a total of 1,118 new cancer cases were registered, with slightly more females (52.1%). The top five common cancers irrespective of sex and age were: liver cancer (13.7%), cervical (11.8%), breast (10.7%), oesophagus (10.5%) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) (6.4%). In this study, 15.3% (n = 171) of the study participants were children. The top five common childhood cancers included BL (42%), leukemia (10.5%), other lymphomas (9.4%), osteosarcoma (4.7%) and nephroblastoma (3%). Conclusion There is a high incidence of liver cancer in Arua district. The high levels of cervical, breast and oesophagus cancer were consistent with what is reported by the two PBCRs in Uganda. However, BL could be due to the presence of a BL treatment centre at Kuluva hospital in Arua. Cancer interventions in Arua should therefore be targeted towards liver, cervix, breast, and oesophagus cancer and furthering research on the reason for the high incidence of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Angucia Sharon
- Uganda Cancer Institute, PO Box 3935, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, PO Box 210 - 40601, Bondo, Kenya
| | - Annet Nakaganda
- Uganda Cancer Institute, PO Box 3935, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Geriga Fadhil
- Uganda Cancer Institute, PO Box 3935, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Micah June
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 - 40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ezra Anecho
- Uganda Cancer Institute, PO Box 3935, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gilbert Aniku
- Arua Regional Referral Hospital, PO Box 3, Arua, Uganda
| | | | - Hesborn Wao
- African Population and Health Research Centre, PO Box 10787-00100, Kitisuru, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jackson Orem
- Uganda Cancer Institute, PO Box 3935, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Onguru Daniel
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, PO Box 210 - 40601, Bondo, Kenya
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6
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Oko-Oboh GA, Auvinen A, Obaseki DE, Pitkäniemi J. Improving cancer incidence evaluation through local government area matching: a study of the Edo-Benin cancer registry in Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:514. [PMID: 38373974 PMCID: PMC10875802 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer registries in Nigeria, as well as in other sub-Saharan African countries, face challenges in adhering to international cancer registration standards. We aimed to improve cancer incidence estimation by identifying under-reporting of new cancers through matching patient-reported local government areas (LGAs) in Edo state, Nigeria, to their respective catchment populations. METHODS Information on cancers was obtained from records of hospitals, medical clinics, pathology laboratories, and death certificates according to IARC guidelines. We utilized normalized scores to establish consistency in the number of cancers by calendar time, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) to assess the variation in cancer incidence across LGAs compared to Edo state average. Subsequently, we estimated sex- and site-specific annual incidence using the average number of cancers from 2016 to 2018 and the predicted mid-year population in three LGAs. Age-standardization was performed using the direct method with the World Standard Population of 1966. RESULTS The number of incident cancers consistent between 2016-2018 in Egor, Oredo, and Uhunmwonde showed a significantly increased SIR. From 2016 to 2018 in these three LGAs, 1,045 new cancers were reported, with 453 (42.4%) in males and 592 (57.6%) in females. The average annual age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) was 50.6 (95% CI: 45.2 - 56.6) per 105. In men, the highest incidence was prostate cancer (ASR: 22.4 per 105), and in women, it was breast cancer (ASR: 16.5 per 105), and cervical cancer (ASR: 12.0 per 105). Microscopically verified cancers accounted for 98.1%. CONCLUSIONS We found lower age-standardized incidence rates than those reported earlier for the Edo state population. Collecting information on the local government areas of the cancers allows better matching with the respective target population. We recommend using LGA information to improve the evaluation of population-based cancer incidence in sub-Saharan countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregrey A Oko-Oboh
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Gheybi K, Mmekwa N, Lebelo MT, Patrick SM, Campbell R, Nenzhelele M, Soh PXY, Obida M, Loda M, Shirindi J, Butler EN, Mutambirwa SBA, Bornman MSR, Hayes VM. Linking African ancestral substructure to prostate cancer health disparities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20909. [PMID: 38017150 PMCID: PMC10684577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa, with mortality rates loosely linked to African ancestry. Yet studies aimed at identifying contributing risk factors are lacking within the continent and as such exclude for significant ancestral diversity. Here, we investigate a series of epidemiological demographic and lifestyle risk factors for 1387 men recruited as part of the multi-ethnic Southern African Prostate Cancer Study (SAPCS). We found poverty to be a decisive factor for disease grade and age at diagnosis, with other notably significant PCa associated risk factors including sexually transmitted diseases, erectile dysfunction, gynaecomastia, and vertex or complete pattern balding. Aligned with African American data, Black ethnicity showed significant risk for PCa diagnosis (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.05-2.00), and aggressive disease presentation (ISUP ≥ 4: OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.49-3.40). New to this study, we demonstrate African ancestral population substructure associated PCa disparity, observing increased risk for advanced disease for the southern African Tsonga people (ISUP ≥ 4: OR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.62-7.27). Conversely, South African Coloured were less likely to be diagnosed with aggressive disease overall (ISUP ≥ 3: OR = 0.38, 95% 0.17-0.85). Understanding the basis for PCa health disparities calls for African inclusion, however, lack of available data has limited the power to begin discussions. Here, focusing on arguably the largest study of its kind for the African continent, we draw attention to the contribution of within African ancestral diversity as a contributing factor to PCa health disparities within the genetically diverse region of southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazzem Gheybi
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Naledi Mmekwa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maphuti Tebogo Lebelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sean M Patrick
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - Pamela X Y Soh
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weil Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Campus, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joyce Shirindi
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eboneé N Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shingai B A Mutambirwa
- Department of Urology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Medunsa, South Africa
| | - M S Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vanessa M Hayes
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, Limpopo, South Africa.
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Moghul M, Cazzaniga W, Croft F, Kinsella N, Cahill D, James ND. Mobile Health Solutions for Prostate Cancer Diagnostics-A Systematic Review. Clin Pract 2023; 13:863-872. [PMID: 37623259 PMCID: PMC10453449 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the most common cause of cancer in men in the UK and one of the most common around the world to date, has no consensus on screening. Multiple large-scale trials from around the world have produced conflicting outcomes in cancer-specific and overall mortality. A main part of the issue is the PSA test, which has a high degree of variability, making it challenging to set PSA thresholds, as well as limited specificity. Prostate cancer has a predisposition in men from black backgrounds, and outcomes are worse in men of lower socioeconomic groups. Mobile targeted case finding, focusing on high-risk groups, may be a solution to help those that most need it. The aim of this systematic review was to review the evidence for mobile testing for prostate cancer. A review of all mobile screening studies for prostate cancer was performed in accordance with the Cochrane guidelines and the PRISMA statement. Of the 629 unique studies screened, 6 were found to be eligible for the review. The studies dated from 1973 to 2017 and came from four different continents, with around 30,275 men being screened for prostate cancer. Detection rates varied from 0.6% in the earliest study to 8.2% in the latest study. The challenge of early diagnosis of potentially lethal prostate cancer remains an issue for developed and low- and middle-income countries alike. Although further studies are needed, mobile screening of a targeted population with streamlined investigation and referral pathways combined with raising awareness in those communities may help make the case for screening for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Moghul
- Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Walter Cazzaniga
- Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Fionnuala Croft
- Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Netty Kinsella
- Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Declan Cahill
- Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Nicholas David James
- Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
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Adeniji KA, Folaranmi OO, Odetunde OA, Adegboye O, Ibiyeye KM, Ighodalo JE, Olayiwola JO, Suleiman KA, Abubakar-Akanbi SK. Changing pattern of cancer distribution: experience from a tertiary health institution in Nigeria and review of literature. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:902-907. [PMID: 37635573 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_520_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Over the years, epidemiological surveys have established that the five leading cancers in Africa (in descending order of prevalence) are cancers of the breast, cervix, prostate, liver, and colorectum.[1] However, a 10-year retrospective review of cases performed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) revealed some changes in the cancer incidence pattern in this region. Aims The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of cancers managed at the UITH, a tertiary health care center in North Central Nigeria, in the past 10 years and create awareness of changing cancer prevalence patterns in this region. Materials and Method This was a retrospective review of cancer epidemiology at UITH over a period of 10 years. Confirmed cancer cases within this period were extracted from the data in the Department of Anatomic Pathology and the Cancer registry. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to obtain rates and proportions for both sexes. Results There were 2430 confirmed cases of cancer during the study period from January 2011 to December 2020. Out of these cases, 1310 (54%) were seen in females and 1120 (46%) were seen in males. The most common cancer recorded (in total) was prostate cancer, which accounted for 18% of all cases, constituting approximately one in six of all cancer cases. This was followed closely by breast cancer (16.6%). The most commonly diagnosed cancer in males was prostate cancer (four in ten cancer cases in males), whereas in females, it was breast cancer (approximately three in ten cancer cases in females). Cancers of the lungs and liver were rare in both sexes in this study. In children, the most common malignancies were retinoblastoma (38.3%), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (16.8%), and nephroblastoma (12.8%). Conclusion There is a changing trend in cancer cases with some cancer cases now predominating compared to previous years. This may be because of increased awareness and/or better medical screening and diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Adeniji
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O O Folaranmi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O A Odetunde
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - O Adegboye
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - K M Ibiyeye
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - J E Ighodalo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - J O Olayiwola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - K A Suleiman
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - S K Abubakar-Akanbi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Atuhe I, Jatho A, Nalwadda B, Basaza-Ejiri AH, Atuyambe L, Orem J. Barriers to and facilitators of prostate cancer screening among men in Uganda prisons. Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1563. [PMID: 37396102 PMCID: PMC10310336 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that prostate cancer (PCa) is increasing at a rate of 5.2% per annum in Uganda and as few as 5% of men have ever been screened for PCa in Uganda. The situation may be worse among male prisoners given their 'vulnerable status'. The goal of this study was to examine the perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of men in Ugandan prisons regarding barriers to and facilitators of PCa screening. This would enable the identification of potential interventional strategies to promote PCa screening among men in Ugandan prisons. Methods This study applied the explanatory sequential mixed methods study design. We first conducted 20 focus group discussions and 17 key informant interviews. The qualitative data were analysed to enrich a survey among 2,565 prisoners selected using a simple random sampling technique. Results Qualitatively, the belief that all cancers have no cure was a barrier against most participants considering screening to be of any value, coupled with the fear of screening positive for PCa and the associated stress. In addition, poor PCa knowledge and lack of PCa screening services in prisons were perceived as barriers to PCa screening in prison settings.The quantitative data from the survey of 2,565 participants with a mean age of 50.2 (9.8), indicated that the main barriers to PCa screening were mainly myths, beliefs, lack of screening facilities and technical capacity. The majority believed that creating PCa awareness, conducting screening outreach in prisons, and providing equipment for PCa screening in prisons health facilities will facilitate PCa screening, as well as working with the Uganda prison service to train the prison health staff to perform PCa screen to facilitate Prison Health Centres capacity to screen for PCa. Conclusion There is a need to develop interventions to increase awareness among the inmates in the prison health system, while ensuring that the prison health facilities are equipped with the required screening logistics, backed with outreaches from cancer-specialised hospitals/facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Atuhe
- King Caesar University, PO Box 88, Kampala, Uganda
- Uganda Cancer Fund, PO Box 25912, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alfred Jatho
- Uganda Cancer Institute, PO Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Jackson Orem
- Uganda Cancer Institute, PO Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
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Makungu ML, Mweya CN. Assessing knowledge, attitude and practice towards prostate cancer screening among males in Southwest Tanzania: A cross-sectional study. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 36:100716. [PMID: 37178548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is common among men, and awareness can reduce associated deaths. Low knowledge of prostate cancer screening and wrong perceptions about prostate cancer leads to poor screening practices. Our study assessed knowledge, attitude and practice towards prostate cancer screening among male adults at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital. METHODS This hospital-based cross-sectional study used a random sampling technique to select men attending the hospital. Data was collected using a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, personal and familiar medical history of prostate cancer, knowledge about prostate cancer and its screening. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-two (132) men participated in the study. Participants ranged from 18 to 75 years, with a mean age of 41.57. This study found that while 72% of respondents had heard of prostate cancer, only 43.9% had knowledge of prostate cancer screening. Age was associated with prostate cancer screening knowledge (COR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.54, p < 0.001). Only 29.5% of respondents had a positive attitude toward prostate cancer screening. A small percentage (16.7%) had been tested for prostate cancer, but the majority (89.4%) were willing to be screened in the future. CONCLUSION The study found that while most men in the study area had a basic understanding of prostate cancer, only a small percentage had a favourable knowledge of prostate cancer screening, with a low positive perception of screening. The study highlights the need to increase awareness of prostate cancer screening in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam L Makungu
- Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 608, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Clement N Mweya
- Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 608, Mbeya, Tanzania; Mbeya Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P. O. Box 2410, Mbeya, Tanzania.
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12
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Nowroozi A, Roshani S, Ghamari SH, Shobeiri P, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Ebrahimi N, Rezaei N, Yoosefi M, Malekpour MR, Rashidi MM, Moghimi M, Amini E, Shabestari AN, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Global and regional quality of care index for prostate cancer: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study 1990-2019. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:70. [PMID: 37101304 PMCID: PMC10131390 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with a significant burden on societies and healthcare providers. We aimed to develop a metric for PCa quality of care that could demonstrate the disease's status in different countries and regions (e.g., socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles) and assist in improving healthcare policies. METHODS Basic burden of disease indicators for various regions and age-groups were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2019, which then were used to calculate four secondary indices: mortality to incidence ratio, DALYs to prevalence ratio, prevalence to incidence ratio, and YLLs to YLDs ratio. These four indices were combined through a principal component analysis (PCA), producing the quality of care index (QCI). RESULTS PCa's age-standardized incidence rate increased from 34.1 in 1990 to 38.6 in 2019, while the age-standardized death rate decreased in the same period (18.1 to 15.3). From 1990 to 2019, global QCI increased from 74 to 84. Developed regions (high SDI) had the highest PCa QCIs in 2019 (95.99), while the lowest QCIs belonged to low SDI countries (28.67), mainly from Africa. QCI peaked in age groups 50 to 54, 55 to 59, or 65 to 69, depending on the socio-demographic index. CONCLUSIONS Global PCa QCI stands at a relatively high value (84 in 2019). Low SDI countries are affected the most by PCa, mainly due to the lack of effective preventive and treatment methods in those regions. In many developed countries, QCI decreased or stopped rising after recommendations against routine PCa screening in the 2010-2012 period, highlighting the role of screening in reducing PCa burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nowroozi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Roshani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Malekpour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Moghimi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Amini
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Namazi Shabestari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Katsayal BS, Forcados GE, Yusuf AP, Lawal YA, Jibril SA, Nuraddeen H, Ibrahim MM, Sadiq IZ, Abubakar MB, Malami I, Abubakar IB, Muhammad A. An insight into the mechanisms of action of selected bioactive compounds against epigenetic targets of prostate cancer: implications on histones modifications. In Silico Pharmacol 2023; 11:10. [PMID: 37073308 PMCID: PMC10105819 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-023-00148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men globally. In this study, we employed an in silico approach to predict the possible mechanisms of action of selected novel compounds reported against prostate cancer epigenetic targets and their derivatives, exhausting through ADMET profiling, drug-likeness, and molecular docking analyses. The selected compounds: sulforaphane, silibinin, 3, 3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), and genistein largely conformed to ADMET and drug-likeness rules including Lipinski's. Docking studies revealed strong binding energy of sulforaphane with HDAC6 (- 4.2 kcal/ mol), DIM versus HDAC2 (- 5.2 kcal/mol), genistein versus HDAC6 (- 4.1 kcal/mol), and silibinin against HDAC1 (- 7.0 kcal/mol) coupled with improved binding affinities and biochemical stabilities after derivatization. Findings from this study may provide insight into the potential epigenetic reprogramming mechanisms of these compounds against prostate cancer and could pave the way toward more success in prostate cancer phytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babangida Sanusi Katsayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - Abdurrahman Pharmacy Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State Nigeria
| | - Yunus Aisha Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Shehu Aisha Jibril
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Hussaini Nuraddeen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Musa Mubarak Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research & Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research & Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Aliero, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Aliero, Nigeria
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Benedict MO, Steinberg WJ, Claassen FM, Mofolo N, van Rooyen C. Knowledge, attitude and practice on screening and early diagnosis of prostate cancer of primary health care providers in the Free State. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2023; 15:e1-e12. [PMID: 36861921 PMCID: PMC9982489 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.3688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is topmost in terms of incidence and mortality among men in sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa. Prostate cancer screening is beneficial only to certain categories of men, making a rational screening approach necessary. AIM This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) regarding prostate cancer screening among primary health care (PHC) providers in the Free State, South Africa. SETTING Selected district hospitals, local clinics and general practice rooms. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analytical survey. Participating nurses and community health workers (CHWs) were selected through stratified random sampling. All available medical doctors and clinical associates were approached to participate, totalling 548 participants. Relevant information was obtained from these PHC providers using self-administered questionnaires. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were computed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Version 9. A p-value 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Most participants had poor knowledge (64.8%), neutral attitudes (58.6%) and poor practice (40.0%). Female PHC providers, lower cadre nurses and CHWs had lower mean knowledge scores. Not participating in prostate cancer-related continuing medical education was associated with poor knowledge (p 0.001), negative attitudes (p = 0.047) and poor practice (p 0.001). CONCLUSION This study established appreciable KAP gaps relating to prostate cancer screening among PHC providers. Identified gaps should be addressed through the preferred teaching and learning strategies suggested by the participants.Contribution: This study establishes the need to address KAP gaps regarding prostate cancer screening among PHC providers; therefore necessitating the capacity-building roles of district family physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O.A. Benedict
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Wilhelm J. Steinberg
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Frederik M. Claassen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel Mofolo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Cornel van Rooyen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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15
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Potential New Approaches for Prostate Cancer Management in Resource-Limited Countries in Africa. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:14. [PMID: 36843668 PMCID: PMC9951618 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major male malignancy in many sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Because of resource limitations, screening, early detection, diagnosis, and curative treatments are not available for many men on the subcontinent, and there are even barriers to the treatment of advanced-stage metastatic prostate cancer. We are making the case for new approaches to the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of this malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa and other low-resource regions-approaches that differ from the ones available and used in high-income countries. The development of one-step dipstick-type detection assays of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) offers an approach to prostate cancer detection, treatment and monitoring that circumvents issues related to laboratory quality control and is also low-cost. Curative-intent treatments of early-stage prostate cancer are often unavailable in low-resource contexts, and most prostate cancers are not detected in Africa until they are at an advanced stage. Hence, androgen deprivation treatments, including orchiectomy and older low-cost drugs, offer feasible and affordable approaches to prolong survival and sustain a reasonable quality of life. However, clinical trials are needed to identify which of these androgen deprivation treatments are most efficacious and best tolerated to make progress in providing medical care for men with prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and other low- and lower-middle-income areas around the world.
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16
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Marima R, Mbeje M, Hull R, Demetriou D, Mtshali N, Dlamini Z. Prostate Cancer Disparities and Management in Southern Africa: Insights into Practices, Norms and Values. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:3567-3579. [PMID: 36597514 PMCID: PMC9805733 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s382903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of mortality in men of African origin. While men of African descent in high-income countries (HICs) demonstrate poor prognosis compared to their European counterparts, African men on the African continent, particularly Southern Africa have shown even higher PCa mortality rates. Extrinsic factors such as the socioeconomic status, education level, income level, geographic location and race contribute to PCa patient outcome. These are further deepened by the African norms which are highly esteemed and may have detrimental effects on PCa patients' health. Insights into African cultures and social constructs have been identified as key elements towards improving men's health care seeking behaviour which will in turn improve PCa patients' outcome. Compared to Southern Africa, the Eastern, Western and Central African regions have lower PCa incidence rates but higher mortality rates. The availability of cancer medical equipment has also been reported to be disproportionate in Africa, with most cancer resources in Northern and Southern Africa. Even within Southern Africa, cancer management resources are unevenly available where one country must access PCa specialised care in the neighbouring countries. While PCa seems to be better managed in HICs, steps towards effective PCa management are urgently needed in Africa, as this continent represents a significant portion of low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Replacing African men in Africa with African American men may not optimally resolve PCa challenges in Africa. Adopting western PCa management practices can be optimised by integrating improved core-African norms. The aim of this review is to discuss PCa disparities in Africa, deliberate on the significance of integrating African norms around masculinity and discuss challenges and opportunities towards effective PCa care in Africa, particularly in Southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mandisa Mbeje
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Demetra Demetriou
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nompumelelo Mtshali
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,Correspondence: Zodwa Dlamini, Tel +27 12 319 2614, Email
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Ibe C, Otu AA, Mnyambwa NP. Advancing disease genomics beyond COVID-19 and reducing health disparities: what does the future hold for Africa? Brief Funct Genomics 2022; 22:241-249. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in high-throughput sequencing technology as an essential public health tool. Scaling up and operationalizing genomics in Africa is crucial as enhanced capacity for genome sequencing could address key health problems relevant to African populations. High-quality genomics research can be leveraged to improve diagnosis, understand the aetiology of unexplained illnesses, improve surveillance of infectious diseases and inform efficient control and therapeutic methods of known, rare and emerging infectious diseases. Achieving these within Africa requires strong commitment from stakeholders. A roadmap is needed to guide training of scientists, infrastructural development, research funding, international collaboration as well as promote public–private partnerships. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly boosted genomics capacity in Africa, the continent still lags other regions. Here, we highlighted key initiatives in genomics research and efforts to address health challenges facing the diverse and fast-growing populations on the continent. We explore the scalability of genomic tools and techniques to tackle a broader range of infectious diseases in Africa, a continent that desperately requires a boost from genomic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuike Ibe
- Abia State University Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, , Uturu, Nigeria
| | | | - Nicholaus P Mnyambwa
- National Institute for Medical Research , Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar es Salaam , Tanzania
- Alliance for Africa Health and Research (A4A), Dar es Salaam , Tanzania
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Samtal C, El Jaddaoui I, Hamdi S, Bouguenouch L, Ouldim K, Nejjari C, Ghazal H, Bekkari H. Review of prostate cancer genomic studies in Africa. Front Genet 2022; 13:911101. [PMID: 36303548 PMCID: PMC9593051 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.911101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed in men worldwide and one of the most frequent cancers in men in Africa. The heterogeneity of this cancer fosters the need to identify potential genetic risk factors/biomarkers. Omics variations may significantly contribute to early diagnosis and personalized treatment. However, there are few genomic studies of this disease in African populations. This review sheds light on the status of genomics research on PCa in Africa and outlines the common variants identified thus far. The allele frequencies of the most significant SNPs in Afro-native, Afro-descendants, and European populations were compared. We advocate how these few but promising data will aid in understanding, better diagnosing, and precisely treating this cancer and the need for further collaborative research on the genomics of PCa in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaimae Samtal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-food and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz–Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Islam El Jaddaoui
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Salsabil Hamdi
- Laboratory of Environmental Health, Institut Pasteur Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Laila Bouguenouch
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry‒Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karim Ouldim
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry‒Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Fes, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ghazal
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-food and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz–Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Pharmacy, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Bekkari
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-food and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz–Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Bray F, Parkin DM. Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020: a review of current estimates of the national burden, data gaps, and future needs. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:719-728. [PMID: 35550275 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the cancer burden rising in sub-Saharan Africa, countries in the region need surveillance systems to measure the magnitude of the problem and monitor progress in cancer control planning. Based on the national estimates built from data provided by cancer registries in sub-Saharan Africa, we summarise key patterns of the regional burden and argue for investments in locally produced data. METHODS To present national estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality burden in sub-Saharan Africa countries, new cancer cases and deaths were extracted from International Agency for Research on Cancers' GLOBOCAN database for the year 2020. Given weak vital statistics systems, almost all of the information on the cancer burden in sub-Saharan Africa was derived from population-based cancer registries. Of the 48 countries included in GLOBOCAN (national populations must be larger than 150 000 inhabitants in 2020), relatively recent cancer registry data (up to 2019) were directly used to produce national incidence estimates in 25 countries, while the absence of such data for 16 meant that estimates were based on data from neighbouring countries. Tables and figures present the estimated numbers of new cases and deaths, as well as age-standardised (incidence or mortality) rates per 100 000 person-years and the cumulative risk of developing or dying from cancer before the age of 75 years. FINDINGS 801 392 new cancer cases and 520 158 cancer deaths were estimated to have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020. Cancers of the breast (129 400 female cases) and cervix (110 300 cases) were responsible for three in ten of the cancers diagnosed in both sexes. Breast and cervical cancer were the most common cancers, ranking first in 28 and 19 countries, respectively. In men, prostate cancer led in terms of incidence (77 300 cases), followed by liver cancer (24 700 cases) and colorectal cancer (23 400 cases). Prostate cancer was the leading incident cancer in men in 40 sub-Saharan Africa countries. The risk of a woman in sub-Saharan Africa developing cancer by the age of 75 years was 14·1%, with breast cancer (4·1%) and cervical cancer (3·5%) responsible for half of this risk. For men, the corresponding cumulative incidence was lower (12·2%), with prostate cancer responsible for a third of this risk (4·2%). Cervical cancer was the leading form of cancer death among women in 27 countries, followed by breast cancer (21 countries). Prostate cancer led as the most common type of cancer death in 26 countries, with liver cancer ranking second (11 countries). INTERPRETATION The estimates indicate substantial geographical variations in the major cancers in sub-Saharan Africa. Rational cancer control planning requires capacity to be built for data production, analysis, and interpretation within the countries themselves. Cancer registries provide important information in this respect and should be prioritised for sustainable investment in the region. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - D Maxwell Parkin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, UK
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Mourão TC, Curado MP, de Oliveira RAR, Santana TBM, Favaretto RDL, Guimarães GC. Epidemiology of Urological Cancers in Brazil: Trends in Mortality Rates Over More Than Two Decades. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:239-247. [PMID: 35639266 PMCID: PMC9470798 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the socioeconomic disparities and inequalities observed in the healthcare resources among the Brazilian regions, we aimed to analyze the mortality trends of urological cancers in Brazil to identify areas with differential risks. Methods Deaths related to prostate (PCa), bladder (BCa), kidney (KC), penile (PeC), and testis (TCa) cancers from 1996 to 2019 were retrieved from the Mortality Information System database (Brazil). Geographic and temporal patterns were analyzed using age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs). A joinpoint regression model was used to identify changes in the trends and calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for each region. Results In Brazil, the ASMRs (per 100,000 persons/year) were 11.76 for PCa; 1.37, BCa; 1.13, KC; 0.33, and PeC; 0.26, TCa over the period. Increasing mortality trends were registered for BCa (AAPC = 0.45 in men; 0.57 in women), KC (AAPC = 2.03 in men), PeC (AAPC = 1.01), and TCa (AAPC = 2.06). The PCa mortality presented a significant reduction after 2006. The Northeast and North regions showed the highest increases in the PCa mortality. The South registered the highest ASMRs for BCa and KC, but the highest increasing trends occurred in the men from the Northeast. The North presented the highest ASMR for PeC, while the South registered the highest ASMR for TCa. Conclusion Differences among regions may be partly explained by disparities in the healthcare systems. Over the study period, the North and Northeast regions presented more discrepant mortality rates. Efforts should be made to ensure access to the healthcare resources for people at risk, particularly in these regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44197-022-00042-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Camelo Mourão
- Department of Uro-Oncology, BP-A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Graduate School, Fundação Antônio Prudente, ACCamargo Cancer Center, R. Prof. Antônio Prudente, 211, São Paulo, 01509-010, Brazil.
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, International Research Center, ACCamargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Borges Marques Santana
- Department of Uro-Oncology, BP-A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Urology, ACCamargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ramaliba TM, Sithole N, Ncinitwa A, Somdyala NIM. Prostate Cancer Patterns and Trends in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa; 1998-2017. Front Public Health 2022; 10:882586. [PMID: 35570915 PMCID: PMC9096153 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.882586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, prostate cancer is rated the second most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of death. In South Africa, it is ranked as leading cancer among men. This study describes prostate cancer patterns and trends in the rural Eastern Cape Province population. Methodology Secondary data were used from which a sample of 723 prostate cancer (C61) patients was extracted from the database into STATA version 14.0 for descriptive analysis. A direct standardization method was used to estimate age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates. Keyfitz method was used to calculate the standard error and confidence interval, whereas the Joinpoint program the annual percentage change. Results The mean age was 64 years, with a standard deviation of 9.9. Trends in prostate cancer incidence increased significantly (p = 0.026) from 7.4% in 2010 to 12.6% in 2017. Incidence rates varied across the region, with the lowest of 4.5 per 100,000 in 1998 to the highest of 21.4 per 100,000 in 2017 period. Lusikisiki had the highest incidence rates of 53.4 per 100,000 population (95% CI 0.8–61.4), while Centane with 21.7 per 100,000 (95% CI 2.3–27.6) rated the second. Other magisterial areas showed a constant increase (p > 0.05) throughout the observation period except for Idutywa and Willowvale, with no apparent increase. Conversely, in Butterworth, incidence rates decreased from 15.2 per 100 000 (95% CI 8.6–21.9) to 11.5 per 100,000 (95% CI 6.2–16.7). Conclusion As experienced globally and regionally, prostate cancer has become a public health concern in this population. Incidence variations across the surveillance area in the Eastern Cape were noted with hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thendo Michael Ramaliba
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nomfuneko Sithole
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Akhona Ncinitwa
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Glenn BE, Espira LM, Larson MC, Larson PS. Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature. Environ Health 2022; 21:40. [PMID: 35422005 PMCID: PMC9009030 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aerosol pollutants are known to raise the risk of development of non-communicable respiratory diseases (NCRDs) such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis. Sub-Saharan Africa's rapid pace of urbanization, economic expansion, and population growth raise concerns of increasing incidence of NCRDs. This research characterizes the state of research on pollution and NCRDs in the 46 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This research systematically reviewed the literature on studies of asthma; chronic bronchitis; allergic rhinitis; and air pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, NOx, and sulfuric oxide. METHODS We searched three major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) using the key words "asthma", "chronic bronchitis", "allergic rhinitis", and "COPD" with "carbon monoxide (CO)", "sulfuric oxide (SO)", "ozone (O3)", "nitrogen dioxide (NO2)", and "particulate matter (PM)", restricting the search to the 46 countries that comprise SSA. Only papers published in scholarly journals with a defined health outcome in individuals and which tested associations with explicitly measured or modelled air exposures were considered for inclusion. All candidate papers were entered into a database for review. RESULTS We found a total of 362 unique research papers in the initial search of the three databases. Among these, 14 met the inclusion criteria. These papers comprised studies from just five countries. Nine papers were from South Africa; two from Malawi; and one each from Ghana, Namibia, and Nigeria. Most studies were cross-sectional. Exposures to ambient air pollutants were measured using spectrometry and chromatography. Some studies created composite measures of air pollution using a range of data layers. NCRD outcomes were measured by self-reported health status and measures of lung function (spirometry). Populations of interest were primarily schoolchildren, though a few studies focused on secondary school students and adults. CONCLUSIONS The paucity of research on NCRDs and ambient air pollutant exposures is pronounced within the African continent. While capacity to measure air quality in SSA is high, studies targeting NCRDs should work to draw attention to questions of outdoor air pollution and health. As the climate changes and SSA economies expand and countries urbanize, these questions will become increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey E. Glenn
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Leon M. Espira
- Center for Global Health Equity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Peter S. Larson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
- Social Environment and Health Program, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Nkoana S, Sodi T, Makgahlela M, Mokwena J. Cancer Survivorship: Religion in Meaning Making and Coping Among a Group of Black Prostate Cancer Patients in South Africa. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:1390-1400. [PMID: 34468928 PMCID: PMC8967772 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the role of religion in meaning making and coping among a group of black patients receiving some form of prostate cancer treatment at a public hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A sample of 20 prostate cancer survivors, with ages ranging from 67 to 85 years (meanage = 76yrs; SD = 5.3) selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings demonstrated that religion is an important factor in meaning making and coping by prostate cancer survivors. The findings suggest that healthcare practitioners need to pay close attention to the meanings that cancer patients assign to their illness to provide the appropriate care and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Nkoana
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
| | - Tholene Sodi
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Mpsanyana Makgahlela
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Jabu Mokwena
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Yang X, Chen H, Xu D, Chen X, Li Y, Tian J, Wang D, Pang J. Efficacy and safety of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) combined with modified docetaxel chemotherapy versus ADT combined with standard docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: study protocol for a multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:177. [PMID: 35172779 PMCID: PMC8848813 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel chemotherapy is the standard treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. However, mCRPC patients are mainly frail elderly men, constantly accompanied by comorbidities and showing poor tolerance to standard docetaxel chemotherapy. Some exploratory studies administering modified chemotherapy regimens have reported noninferior oncologic outcomes with fewer adverse events, yet most are retrospective or small studies, and prospective randomized controlled trials have rarely been conducted. Therefore, we designed this modified docetaxel chemotherapy regimen in patients with mCRPC, aiming to evaluate its efficacy and safety compared with the standard docetaxel chemotherapy regimen. Methods This is an open-label, multi-institutional, prospective, randomized non-inferiority trial. A total of 128 patients with mCRPC will be randomized to receive ADT combined with modified docetaxel chemotherapy (experimental group, n=64) or ADT combined with standard docetaxel chemotherapy (control group, n=64). Patients in the experimental group will receive a modified regimen with docetaxel 40 mg/m2 on the 1st day and 35 mg/m2 on the 8th day, repeated every 21 days. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival at 2 years. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, prostate-specific antigen response rate, pain response rate, toxicity and quality of life. Discussion The expected benefit for the patient in the experimental arm is noninferior efficacy with decreased toxicity and improved quality of life compared with that in the control arm. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first multicentre prospective randomized study to assess the efficacy and safety of modified docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with mCRPC in China. The results of this trial may provide benefit to mCRPC patients, especially those with poor performance. Trial registration chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2100046636 (May 24, 2021). Ongoing study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Yang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Duanya Xu
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianju Chen
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Tian
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongwen Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jun Pang
- Department of Urology, Kidney and Urology Center, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Prashar J, Schartau P, Murray E. Supportive care needs of men with prostate cancer: A systematic review update. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13541. [PMID: 35038783 PMCID: PMC9285340 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is highly prevalent and impacts profoundly on patients' quality of life, leading to a range of supportive care needs. METHODS An updated systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative data using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) reporting guidelines, to explore prostate cancer patients' experience of, and need for, supportive care. Five databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Emcare and ASSIA) were searched; extracted data were synthesised using Corbin and Strauss's 'Three Lines of Work' framework. RESULTS Searches identified 2091 citations, of which 105 were included. Overarching themes emerged under the headings of illness, everyday life and biographical work. Illness work needs include consistency and continuity of information, tailored to ethnicity, age and sexual orientation. Biographical work focused on a desire to preserve identity in the context of damaging sexual side effects. Everyday life needs centred around exercise and diet support and supportive relationships with partners and peers. Work-related issues were highlighted specifically by younger patients, whereas gay and bisexual men emphasised a lack of specialised support. CONCLUSION While demonstrating some overarching needs common to most patients with prostate cancer, this review offers novel insight into the unique experiences and needs of men of different demographic backgrounds, which will enable clinicians to deliver individually tailored supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prashar
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Schartau
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
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Gandaglia G, Leni R, Bray F, Fleshner N, Freedland SJ, Kibel A, Stattin P, Van Poppel H, La Vecchia C. Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:877-892. [PMID: 34716119 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Worldwide, prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most common solid tumor in men. OBJECTIVE To assess the geographical distribution of PCa, epidemiological differences, and the most relevant risk factors for the disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Estimated incidence, mortality, and prevalence of PCa for the year 2020 in 185 countries were derived from the IARC GLOBOCAN database. A review of English-language articles published between 2010 and 2020 was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus to identify risk factors for PCa. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In the year 2020, there were over 1414000 estimated new cases of PCa worldwide, with an age-standardized rate (ASR) incidence of 31 per 100000 (lifetime cumulative risk: 3.9%). Northern Europe has the highest all-age incidence ASR (83), while the lowest ASR was in South-Central Asia (6.3). In the year 2020, there were over 375000 estimated deaths worldwide, and the overall mortality ASR was 7.7 per 100000, with the highest ASR in the Caribbean (28) and the lowest in South-Central Asia (3.1). Family history, hereditary syndromes, and race are the strongest risk factors for PCa. Metabolic syndrome was associated with the risk of developing PCa, high-grade disease, and adverse pathology. Diabetes and exposure to ultraviolet rays were found to be inversely associated to PCa incidence. Cigarette smoking and obesity may increase PCa-specific mortality, while regular physical activity may reduce disease progression. Although 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are known to be associated with a reduced incidence of PCa, available studies failed to show an effect on overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS Family history, race, and hereditary syndromes are well-established risk factors for PCa. Modifiable risk factors may impact the risk of developing PCa and that of dying from the disease, but little evidence exist for any clear indication for prevention other than early diagnosis to reduce PCa mortality. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) rates vary profoundly worldwide, with incidence and mortality rates being highest in Northern Europe and Caribbean, respectively. South-Central Asia has the lowest epidemiological burden. Family history, race, and hereditary syndromes are well-established risk factors for PCa. Modifiable risk factors may impact the risk of developing PCa and that of dying from the disease itself, but little evidence exist for any clear indication for prevention other than early diagnosis to reduce PCa mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Leni
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Division or Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam Kibel
- Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hendrick Van Poppel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Seraphin TP, Joko-Fru WY, Hämmerl L, Griesel M, Mezger NCS, Feuchtner JC, Adoubi I, Egué MDD, Okerosi N, Wabinga H, Hansen R, Vuma S, Lorenzoni C, Coulibaly B, Odzebe SW, Buziba NG, Aynalem A, Liu B, Medenwald D, Mikolajczyk RT, Efstathiou JA, Parkin DM, Jemal A, Kantelhardt EJ. Presentation, patterns of care, and outcomes of patients with prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: A population-based registry study. Cancer 2021; 127:4221-4232. [PMID: 34328216 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), little is known about its management and survival. The objective of the current study was to describe the presentation, patterns of diagnosis, treatment, and survival of patients with PCa in 10 countries of SSA. METHODS In this observational registry study with data collection from 2010 to 2018, the authors drew a random sample of 738 patients with PCa who were registered in 11 population-based cancer registries. They described proportions of patients receiving recommended care and presented survival estimates. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios comparing the survival of patients with and without cancer-directed therapies (CDTs). RESULTS The study included 693 patients, and tumor characteristics and treatment information were available for 365 patients, 37.3% of whom had metastatic disease. Only 11.2% had a complete diagnostic workup for risk stratification. Among the nonmetastatic patients, 17.5% received curative-intent therapy, and 27.5% received no CDT. Among the metastatic patients, 59.6% received androgen deprivation therapy. The 3- and 5-year age-standardized relative survival for 491 patients with survival time information was 58.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.5%-67.7%) and 56.9% (95% CI, 39.8%-70.9%), respectively. In a multivariable analysis, survival was considerably poorer among patients without CDT versus those with therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a large proportion of patients with PCa in SSA are not staged or are insufficiently staged and undertreated, and this results in unfavorable survival. These findings reemphasize the need for improving diagnostic workup and access to care in SSA in order to mitigate the heavy burden of the disease in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Paul Seraphin
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Walburga Yvonne Joko-Fru
- African Cancer Registry Network, International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research African Registry Programme, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Hämmerl
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mirko Griesel
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nikolaus Christian Simon Mezger
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jana Cathrin Feuchtner
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Innocent Adoubi
- Department of Immunology, Haematology and Oncology, University of Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Abidjan Cancer Registry, Programme National de Lutte contre le Cancer, Ministry of Health, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Nathan Okerosi
- National Cancer Registry, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Henry Wabinga
- Kampala Cancer Registry, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rolf Hansen
- Namibia National Cancer Registry, Cancer Association of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Samukeliso Vuma
- Bulawayo Cancer Registry, Department of Radiotherapy, Mpilo Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- National Cancer Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
- Maputo Cancer Registry, Department of Pathology, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Bourama Coulibaly
- Cancer Registry of Bamako, Hôpital National du Point G, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sévérin W Odzebe
- Cancer Registry of Brazzaville, University Hospital Brazzaville, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Nathan Gyabi Buziba
- Eldoret Cancer Registry, Moi Teaching Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Abreha Aynalem
- Addis Ababa City Cancer Registry, Radiotherapy Center, Addis-Ababa-University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Biying Liu
- African Cancer Registry Network, International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research African Registry Programme, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Medenwald
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael T Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jason Alexander Efstathiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Claire and John Bertucci Center for Genitourinary Cancers Multidisciplinary Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Maxwell Parkin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Surveillance Unit, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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28
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Seraphin TP, Joko-Fru WY, Manraj SS, Chokunonga E, Somdyala NIM, Korir A, N'Da G, Finesse A, Wabinga H, Assefa M, Gnangnon F, Hansen R, Buziba NG, Liu B, Kantelhardt EJ, Parkin DM. Prostate cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa by age, stage at diagnosis, and human development index: a population-based registry study. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:1001-1019. [PMID: 34244896 PMCID: PMC8310516 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate observed and relative survival of prostate cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to examine the influence of age, stage at diagnosis and the Human Development Index (HDI). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this comparative registry study, we selected a random sample of 1752 incident cases of malign prostatic neoplasm from 12 population-based cancer registries from 10 SSA countries, registered between 2005 and 2015. We analyzed the data using Kaplan-Meier and Ederer II methods to obtain outcome estimates and flexible Poisson regression modeling to calculate the excess hazards of death RESULTS: For the 1406 patients included in the survival analyses, 763 deaths occurred during 3614 person-years of observation. Of patients with known stage, 45.2% had stage IV disease, 31.2% stage III and only 23.6% stage I and II. The 1 and 5-year relative survival for the entire cohort was 78.0% (75.4-80.7) and 60.0% (55.7-64.6), while varying between the registries. Late presentation was associated with increased excess hazards and a 0.1 increase in the HDI was associated with a 20% lower excess hazard of death, while for age at diagnosis no association was found. CONCLUSIONS We found poor survival of SSA prostatic tumor patients, as well as high proportions of late stage presentation, which are associated with inferior outcome. This calls for investment in health-care systems and action regarding projects to raise awareness among the population to achieve earlier diagnosis and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias P Seraphin
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstrasse 8, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Walburga Y Joko-Fru
- African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anne Korir
- National Cancer Registry, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guy N'Da
- Registre Des Cancers d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anne Finesse
- Seychelles National Cancer Registry, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Henry Wabinga
- Kampala Cancer Registry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mathewos Assefa
- Addis Ababa City Cancer Registry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Freddy Gnangnon
- Cotonou Cancer Registry, Ministry of Health, Cotonou, Republic of Benin
| | - Rolf Hansen
- Namibian National Cancer Registry, Cancer Association of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | - Biying Liu
- African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, UK
| | - Eva J Kantelhardt
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Biometrics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstrasse 8, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Donald M Parkin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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