1
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Tribe AKW, Peng L, Teesdale-Spittle PH, McConnell MJ. BCL6 is a context-dependent mediator of the glioblastoma response to irradiation therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:131782. [PMID: 38734343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a rapidly fatal brain cancer that does not respond to therapy. Previous research showed that the transcriptional repressor protein BCL6 is upregulated by chemo and radiotherapy in glioblastoma, and inhibition of BCL6 enhances the effectiveness of these therapies. Therefore, BCL6 is a promising target to improve the efficacy of current glioblastoma treatment. BCL6 acts as a transcriptional repressor in germinal centre B cells and as an oncogene in lymphoma and other cancers. However, in glioblastoma, BCL6 induced by therapy may not be able to repress transcription. Using a BCL6 inhibitor, the whole proteome response to irradiation was compared with and without BCL6 activity. Acute high dose irradiation caused BCL6 to switch from repressing the DNA damage response to promoting stress response signalling. Rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins (RIME) enabled comparison of BCL6 partner proteins between untreated and irradiated glioblastoma cells. BCL6 was associated with transcriptional coregulators in untreated glioblastoma including the known partner NCOR2. However, this association was lost in response to acute irradiation, where BCL6 unexpectedly associated with synaptic and plasma membrane proteins. These results reveal the activity of BCL6 under therapy-induced stress is context-dependent, and potentially altered by the intensity of that stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K W Tribe
- School of Biological Sciences, Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Lifeng Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Paul H Teesdale-Spittle
- School of Biological Sciences, Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Melanie J McConnell
- School of Biological Sciences, Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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2
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Macieja A, Gulbas I, Popławski T. DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Inhibitors: YU238259, A12B4C3 and DDRI-18 Overcome the Cisplatin Resistance in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells, but Not under Hypoxia Conditions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7915-7932. [PMID: 37886943 PMCID: PMC10605129 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is the cornerstone of standard treatment for ovarian cancer. However, the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to CDDP leads to an inevitable recurrence. One of the strategies to overcome resistance to CDDP is the combined treatment of ovarian cancer with CDDP and etoposide (VP-16), although this strategy is not always effective. This article presents a new approach to sensitize CDDP-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells to combined treatment with CDDP and VP-16. To replicate the tumor conditions of cancers, we performed analysis under hypoxia conditions. Since CDDP and VP-16 induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), we introduce DSB repair inhibitors to the treatment scheme. We used novel HRR and NHEJ inhibitors: YU238259 inhibits the HRR pathway, and DDRI-18 and A12B4C3 act as NHEJ inhibitors. All inhibitors enhanced the therapeutic effect of the CDDP/VP-16 treatment scheme and allowed a decrease in the effective dose of CDDP/VP16. Inhibition of HRR or NHEJ decreased survival and increased DNA damage level, increased the amount of γ-H2AX foci, and caused an increase in apoptotic fraction after treatment with CDDP/VP16. Furthermore, delayed repair of DSBs was detected in HRR- or NHEJ-inhibited cells. This favorable outcome was altered under hypoxia, during which alternation at the transcriptome level of the transcriptome in cells cultured under hypoxia compared to aerobic conditions. These changes suggest that it is likely that other than classical DSB repair systems are activated in cancer cells during hypoxia. Our study suggests that the introduction of DSB inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of commonly used ovarian cancer treatment, and HRR, as well as NHEJ, is an attractive therapeutic target for overcoming the resistance to CDDP resistance of ovarian cancer cells. However, a hypoxia-mediated decrease in response to our scheme of treatment was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Macieja
- Department of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gulbas
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Popławski
- Department of Microbiology and Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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3
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Head PE, Kapoor-Vazirani P, Nagaraju GP, Zhang H, Rath S, Luong N, Haji-Seyed-Javadi R, Sesay F, Wang SY, Duong D, Daddacha W, Minten E, Song B, Danelia D, Liu X, Li S, Ortlund E, Seyfried N, Smalley D, Wang Y, Deng X, Dynan W, El-Rayes B, Davis A, Yu D. DNA-PK is activated by SIRT2 deacetylation to promote DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7972-7987. [PMID: 37395399 PMCID: PMC10450170 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a critical role in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), the predominant pathway that repairs DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in response to ionizing radiation (IR) to govern genome integrity. The interaction of the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs) with the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer on DSBs leads to DNA-PK activation; however, it is not known if upstream signaling events govern this activation. Here, we reveal a regulatory step governing DNA-PK activation by SIRT2 deacetylation, which facilitates DNA-PKcs localization to DSBs and interaction with Ku, thereby promoting DSB repair by NHEJ. SIRT2 deacetylase activity governs cellular resistance to DSB-inducing agents and promotes NHEJ. SIRT2 furthermore interacts with and deacetylates DNA-PKcs in response to IR. SIRT2 deacetylase activity facilitates DNA-PKcs interaction with Ku and localization to DSBs and promotes DNA-PK activation and phosphorylation of downstream NHEJ substrates. Moreover, targeting SIRT2 with AGK2, a SIRT2-specific inhibitor, augments the efficacy of IR in cancer cells and tumors. Our findings define a regulatory step for DNA-PK activation by SIRT2-mediated deacetylation, elucidating a critical upstream signaling event initiating the repair of DSBs by NHEJ. Furthermore, our data suggest that SIRT2 inhibition may be a promising rationale-driven therapeutic strategy for increasing the effectiveness of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- PamelaSara E Head
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Priya Kapoor-Vazirani
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ganji P Nagaraju
- School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sandip K Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nho C Luong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ramona Haji-Seyed-Javadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fatmata Sesay
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shi-Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Waaqo Daddacha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Elizabeth V Minten
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Boying Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Diana Danelia
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David M Smalley
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - William S Dynan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David S Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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4
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Sterling J, Rahman SN, Varghese A, Angulo JC, Nikolavsky D. Complications after Prostate Cancer Treatment: Pathophysiology and Repair of Post-Radiation Urethral Stricture Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3950. [PMID: 37373644 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) in the management of pelvic cancers remains a clinical challenge to urologists given the sequelae of urethral stricture disease secondary to fibrosis and vascular insults. The objective of this review is to understand the physiology of radiation-induced stricture disease and to educate urologists in clinical practice regarding future prospective options clinicians have to deal with this condition. The management of post-radiation urethral stricture consists of conservative, endoscopic, and primary reconstructive options. Endoscopic approaches remain an option, but with limited long-term success. Despite concerns with graft take, reconstructive options such as urethroplasties in this population with buccal grafts have shown long-term success rates ranging from 70 to 100%. Robotic reconstruction is augmenting previous options with faster recovery times. Radiation-induced stricture disease is challenging with multiple interventions available, but with successful outcomes demonstrated in various cohorts including urethroplasties with buccal grafts and robotic reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sterling
- Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Syed N Rahman
- Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ajin Varghese
- New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, 8000 Old Westbury, Glen Head, NY 11545, USA
| | - Javier C Angulo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, 28905 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Sminia P, Guipaud O, Viktorsson K, Ahire V, Baatout S, Boterberg T, Cizkova J, Dostál M, Fernandez-Palomo C, Filipova A, François A, Geiger M, Hunter A, Jassim H, Edin NFJ, Jordan K, Koniarová I, Selvaraj VK, Meade AD, Milliat F, Montoro A, Politis C, Savu D, Sémont A, Tichy A, Válek V, Vogin G. Clinical Radiobiology for Radiation Oncology. RADIOBIOLOGY TEXTBOOK 2023:237-309. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-18810-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis chapter is focused on radiobiological aspects at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level which are relevant for the clinical use of ionizing radiation (IR) in cancer therapy. For radiation oncology, it is critical to find a balance, i.e., the therapeutic window, between the probability of tumor control and the probability of side effects caused by radiation injury to the healthy tissues and organs. An overview is given about modern precision radiotherapy (RT) techniques, which allow optimal sparing of healthy tissues. Biological factors determining the width of the therapeutic window are explained. The role of the six typical radiobiological phenomena determining the response of both malignant and normal tissues in the clinic, the 6R’s, which are Reoxygenation, Redistribution, Repopulation, Repair, Radiosensitivity, and Reactivation of the immune system, is discussed. Information is provided on tumor characteristics, for example, tumor type, growth kinetics, hypoxia, aberrant molecular signaling pathways, cancer stem cells and their impact on the response to RT. The role of the tumor microenvironment and microbiota is described and the effects of radiation on the immune system including the abscopal effect phenomenon are outlined. A summary is given on tumor diagnosis, response prediction via biomarkers, genetics, and radiomics, and ways to selectively enhance the RT response in tumors. Furthermore, we describe acute and late normal tissue reactions following exposure to radiation: cellular aspects, tissue kinetics, latency periods, permanent or transient injury, and histopathology. Details are also given on the differential effect on tumor and late responding healthy tissues following fractionated and low dose rate irradiation as well as the effect of whole-body exposure.
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6
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Kalpongnukul N, Bootsri R, Wongkongkathep P, Kaewsapsak P, Ariyachet C, Pisitkun T, Chantaravisoot N. Phosphoproteomic Analysis Defines BABAM1 as mTORC2 Downstream Effector Promoting DNA Damage Response in Glioblastoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2893-2904. [PMID: 36315652 PMCID: PMC9724709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating primary brain cancer with a poor prognosis. GBM is associated with an abnormal mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, consisting of two distinct kinase complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. The complexes play critical roles in cell proliferation, survival, migration, metabolism, and DNA damage response. This study investigated the aberrant mTORC2 signaling pathway in GBM cells by performing quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of U87MG cells under different drug treatment conditions. Interestingly, a functional analysis of phosphoproteome revealed that mTORC2 inhibition might be involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair. We further characterized the relationship between mTORC2 and BRISC and BRCA1-A complex member 1 (BABAM1). We demonstrated that pBABAM1 at Ser29 is regulated by mTORC2 to initiate DNA damage response, contributing to DNA repair and cancer cell survival. Accordingly, the inactivation of mTORC2 significantly ablated pBABAM1 (Ser29), reduced DNA repair activities in the nucleus, and promoted apoptosis of the cancer cells. Furthermore, we also recognized that histone H2AX phosphorylation at Ser139 (γH2AX) could be controlled by mTORC2 to repair the DNA. These results provided a better understanding of the mTORC2 function in oncogenic DNA damage response and might lead to specific mTORC2 treatments for brain cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttiya Kalpongnukul
- Interdisciplinary
Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Bootsri
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Kaewsapsak
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaiyaboot Ariyachet
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of
Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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7
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Toulany M, Iida M, Lettau K, Coan JP, Rebholz S, Khozooei S, Harari PM, Wheeler DL. Targeting HER3-dependent activation of nuclear AKT improves radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2022; 174:92-100. [PMID: 35839938 PMCID: PMC10083767 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT1 must be present and activated in the nucleus immediately after irradiation to stimulate AKT1-dependent double-strand breaks (DSB) repair through the fast non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair process. We investigated the subcellular distribution of AKT1 and the role of HER family receptor members on the phosphorylation of nuclear AKT and radiation response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using genetic approaches and pharmacological inhibitors, we investigated the subcellular distribution of AKT1 and the role of HER family receptor members on the activation of nuclear AKT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro. ɤH2AX foci assay was applied to investigate the role of AKT activating signaling pathway on DSB repair. A mouse tumor xenograft model was used to study the impact of discovered signaling pathway activating nuclear AKT on the radiation response of tumors in vivo. RESULTS Our data suggests that neither ionizing radiation (IR) nor stimulation with HER family receptor ligands induced rapid nuclear translocation of endogenous AKT1. GFP-tagged exogenous AKT1 translocated to the nucleus under un-irradiated conditions and IR did not stimulate this translocation. Nuclear translocation of GFP-AKT1 was impaired by the AKT inhibitor MK2206 as shown by its accumulation in the cytoplasmic fraction. IR-induced phosphorylation of nuclear AKT was primarily dependent on HER3 expression and tyrosine kinase activation of epidermal growth factor receptor. In line with the role of AKT1 in DSB repair, the HER3 neutralizing antibody patritumab as well as HER3-siRNA diminished DSB repair in vitro. Combination of patritumab with radiotherapy improved the effect of radiotherapy on tumor growth delay in a xenograft model. CONCLUSION IR-induced activation of nuclear AKT occurs inside the nucleus that is mainly dependent on HER3 expression in NSCLC. These findings suggest that targeting HER3 in combination with radiotherapy may provide a logical treatment option for investigation in selected NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Konstanze Lettau
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - John P Coan
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simone Rebholz
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Shayan Khozooei
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Deric L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Li J, Beiser A, Dey NB, Takeda S, Saha L, Hirota K, Parker L, Carter M, Arrieta M, Sobol R. A high-throughput 384-well CometChip platform reveals a role for 3-methyladenine in the cellular response to etoposide-induced DNA damage. NAR Genom Bioinform 2022; 4:lqac065. [PMID: 36110898 PMCID: PMC9469923 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Comet or single-cell gel electrophoresis assay is a highly sensitive method to measure cellular, nuclear genome damage. However, low throughput can limit its application for large-scale studies. To overcome these limitations, a 96-well CometChip platform was recently developed that increases throughput and reduces variation due to simultaneous processing and automated analysis of 96 samples. To advance throughput further, we developed a 384-well CometChip platform that allows analysis of ∼100 cells per well. The 384-well CometChip extends the capacity by 4-fold as compared to the 96-well system, enhancing application for larger DNA damage analysis studies. The overall sensitivity of the 384-well CometChip is consistent with that of the 96-well system, sensitive to genotoxin exposure and to loss of DNA repair capacity. We then applied the 384-well platform to screen a library of protein kinase inhibitors to probe each as enhancers of etoposide induced DNA damage. Here, we found that 3-methyladenine significantly increased levels of etoposide-induced DNA damage. Our results suggest that a 384-well CometChip is useful for large-scale DNA damage analyses, which may have increased potential in the evaluation of chemotherapy efficacy, compound library screens, population-based analyses of genome damage and evaluating the impact of environmental genotoxins on genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Alison Beiser
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Nupur B Dey
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Liton Kumar Saha
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Minamiosawa 1-1, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - L Lynette Parker
- Center for Healthy Communities, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Mariah Carter
- Center for Healthy Communities, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Martha I Arrieta
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Center for Healthy Communities, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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9
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Khozooei S, Lettau K, Barletta F, Jost T, Rebholz S, Veerappan S, Franz-Wachtel M, Macek B, Iliakis G, Distel LV, Zips D, Toulany M. Fisetin induces DNA double-strand break and interferes with the repair of radiation-induced damage to radiosensitize triple negative breast cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:256. [PMID: 35989353 PMCID: PMC9394010 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Besides surgery, radiotherapy serves as the major treatment modality for TNBC. However, response to radiotherapy is limited in many patients, most likely because of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling mediated radioresistance. Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a multifunctional protein that regulates the cancer hallmarks among them resisting to radiotherapy-induced cell death. Fisetin, is a plant flavonol of the flavonoid family of plant polyphenols that has anticancer properties, partially through inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)-mediated YB-1 phosphorylation. The combination of fisetin with radiotherapy has not yet been investigated. Methods Activation status of the RSK signaling pathway in total cell lysate and in the subcellular fractions was analyzed by Western blotting. Standard clonogenic assay was applied to test post-irradiation cell survival. γH2AX foci assay and 3 color fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were performed to study frequency of double-strand breaks (DSB) and chromosomal aberrations, respectively. The underlying repair pathways targeted by fisetin were studied in cells expressing genomically integrated reporter constructs for the DSB repair pathways via quantifying the expression of green fluorescence protein by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric quantification of sub-G1 cells and the protein expression of LC3-II were employed to measure apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Kinase array and phosphoproteomics were performed to study the effect of fisetin on DDR response signaling. Results We showed that the effect of fisetin on YB-1 phosphorylation in TNBC cells is comparable to the effect of the RSK pharmacological inhibitors. Similar to ionizing radiation (IR), fisetin induces DSB. Additionally, fisetin impairs repair of IR-induced DSB through suppressing the classical non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination repair pathways, leading to chromosomal aberration as tested by metaphase analysis. Effect of fisetin on DSB repair was partially dependent on YB-1 expression. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that fisetin inhibits DDR signaling, which leads to radiosensitization in TNBC cells, as shown in combination with single dose or fractionated doses irradiation. Conclusion Fisetin acts as a DSB-inducing agent and simultaneously inhibits repair of IR-induced DSB. Thus, fisetin may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy to improve TNBC radiotherapy outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02442-x.
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10
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Seol MY, Choi SH, Yoon HI. Combining radiation with PI3K isoform-selective inhibitor administration increases radiosensitivity and suppresses tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:591-601. [PMID: 35536306 PMCID: PMC9303607 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant lung tumor with a dismal prognosis. The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is common in many tumor types including NSCLC, which results in radioresistance and changes in the tumor microenvironment. Although pan-PI3K inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials to overcome radioresistance, concerns regarding their excessive side effects led to the consideration of selective inhibition of PI3K isoforms. In this study, we assessed whether combining radiation with the administration of the PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors reduces radioresistance and tumor growth in NSCLC. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway enhanced radiosensitivity substantially, and PI3K-α inhibitor showed superior radiosensitizing effect similar to PI3K pan-inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, a significant increase in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and a decrease in migration ability were observed. Our study revealed that combining radiation and the PI3K-α isoform improved radiosensitivity that resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth and improved survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Youn Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hee Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea, Phone: +82-2-2228-8110, Fax: +82-2-2227-7823, E-mail:
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11
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Aengenvoort J, Sekeres M, Proksch P, Fritz G. Targeting Mechanisms of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and DNA Repair by Natural Compounds to Improve cAT-Triggered Tumor Cell Death. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113567. [PMID: 35684504 PMCID: PMC9182506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified secalonic acid F (SA), 5-epi-nakijiquinone Q (NQ) and 5-epi-ilimaquinone (IQ) as natural compounds (NC) affecting mechanisms of the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we further characterized their effects on DDR, DNA repair and cytotoxicity if used in mono- and co-treatment with conventional anticancer therapeutics (cAT) (cisplatin (Cis), doxorubicin (Doxo)) in vitro. All three NC influence the phosphorylation level of selected DDR-related factors (i.e., pCHK1, pKAP1, pP53, pRPA32) in mono- and/or co-treatment. Both SA and NQ attenuate the Cis- and Doxo-induced G2/M-phase arrest and effectively stimulate caspase-mediated apoptosis. Notably, SA impacts DNA repair as reflected by enhanced steady-state levels of Cis-(1,2-GpG)-DNA adducts and Doxo-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Moreover, SA decreased the mRNA and protein expression of the homologous recombination (HR)-related DSB repair factors RAD51 and BRCA1. Both SA and NQ promote Cis- and Doxo-induced cytotoxicity in an additive to synergistic manner (CI ≤ 1.0). Summarizing, we conclude that SA promotes cAT-driven caspase-dependent cell death by interfering with DSB repair and DDR-related checkpoint control mechanisms. Hence, SA is considered as the most promising lead compound to evaluate its therapeutic window in forthcoming pre-clinical in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Aengenvoort
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Marlena Sekeres
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-8113022
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12
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D’Ambrosio C, Erriquez J, Capellero S, Cignetto S, Alvaro M, Ciamporcero E, Di Renzo MF, Perera T, Valabrega G, Olivero M. Cancer Cells Haploinsufficient for ATM Are Sensitized to PARP Inhibitors by MET Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5770. [PMID: 35628590 PMCID: PMC9146142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The MET oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor. Its activation protects cells from death but also stimulates DNA damage response by triggering excess replicative stress. Transcriptomic classification of cancer cell lines based on MET expression showed that response to the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib is poorer in MET overexpressing cell lines. Accordingly, a high MET expressing lung carcinoma cell line was sensitized to PARPi by MET TK inhibition. This was not linked solely to MET overexpression: other MET overexpressing cell lines were biochemically but not functionally responsive to combined inhibition. Moreover, exogenously induced MET overexpression was unable to induce resistance to PARPi. The MET overexpressing cell line, responsive to the combined PARP and MET inhibition, carried a heterozygous mutation of the ATM gene and showed an attenuated response of ATM to PARPi. Among the downstream targets of ATM activation, NuMA was phosphorylated only in response to the combined PARP and MET inhibition. Given the role played by NuMA in mitosis, data show that the latter is affected by MET and PARP inhibition in cells with haploinsufficient ATM. This is important as ATM heterozygous mutation is frequently found in human cancer and in lung carcinomas in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta D’Ambrosio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Jessica Erriquez
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
| | - Sonia Capellero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Cignetto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Alvaro
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Maria Flavia Di Renzo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Timothy Perera
- OCTIMET Oncology NV, 2340 Beerse, Belgium; (E.C.); (T.P.)
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Olivero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy; (C.D.); (J.E.); (S.C.); (S.C.); (M.A.); (M.F.D.R.); (M.O.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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13
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Antitumor Efficacy of EGFR-Targeted Recombinant Immunotoxin in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040486. [PMID: 35453686 PMCID: PMC9027470 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 90% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) overexpresses the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, the EGFR-targeted monotherapy response rate only achieves 10-30% in HNSCC. Recombinant immunotoxin (RIT) often consists of an antibody targeting a tumor antigen and a toxin (e.g., diphtheria toxin [DT]) that kills cancer cells. We produced a humanized RIT, designated as hDT806, targeting overexpressed EGFR and investigated its effects in HNSCC. Distinct from the EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib or antibody cetuximab, hDT806 effectively suppressed cell proliferation in the four HNSCC lines tested (JHU-011, -013, -022, and -029). In JHU-029 mouse xenograft models, hDT806 substantially reduced tumor growth. hDT806 decreased EGFR protein levels and disrupted the EGFR signaling downstream effectors, including MAPK/ERK1/2 and AKT, while increased proapoptotic proteins, such as p53, caspase-9, caspase-3, and the cleaved PAPR. The hDT806-induced apoptosis of HNSCC cells was corroborated by flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, hDT806 resulted in a drastic inhibition in RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain phosphorylation critical for transcription and a significant increase in the γH2A.X level, a DNA damage marker. Thus, the direct disruption of EGFR signaling, transcription inhibition, DNA damage, as well as apoptosis induced by hDT806 may contribute to its antitumor efficacy in HNSCC.
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Shi Q, Shi QN, Xu JW, Wang HY, Li YJ, Zhang XX, Fu YH, Tian RH, Jiang R, Liu CC, Sun C. rs9390123 and rs9399451 influence the DNA repair capacity of lung cancer by regulating PEX3 and PHACTR2‑AS1 expression instead of PHACTR2. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:59. [PMID: 35059740 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common cancer type, and has the highest mortality rate in the world. A genome‑wide association study suggests that the genetic marker rs9390123 is significantly associated with DNA repair capacity (DRC) in lung cancer. Analysis of the data derived from the 1000 Genomes Project indicated that there is another single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9399451, in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs9390123 in Caucasian individuals, thus suggesting that this SNP could be associated with DRC. However, the causal SNP and mechanism of DRC remain unclear. In the present study, dual luciferase assay results indicated that both SNPs are functional in lung cells. Through chromosome conformation capture, an enhancer containing the two functional SNPs was observed to bind the promoter of peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3 and phosphatase and actin regulator 2 antisense RNA 1 (PHACTR2‑AS1). Knockdown of PHACTR2‑AS1 could significantly influence lung cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and wound healing, which verified that PHACTR2‑AS1 is a novel oncogene for lung cancer. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation, the transcription factor POU class 2 homeobox 1 (POU2F1) was identified to bind to the surrounding segments of these two SNPs, and their interaction was investigated. The present study identified the mechanism via which rs9390123 and rs9399451 could influence DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Na Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Wei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Hui Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Ru Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Chun Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
| | - Chang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
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15
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Asadian S, Piryaei A, Gheibi N, Aziz Kalantari B, Reza Davarpanah M, Azad M, Kapustina V, Alikhani M, Moghbeli Nejad S, Keshavarz Alikhani H, Mohamadi M, Shpichka A, Timashev P, Hassan M, Vosough M. Rhenium Perrhenate ( 188ReO 4) Induced Apoptosis and Reduced Cancerous Phenotype in Liver Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:305. [PMID: 35053421 PMCID: PMC8774126 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after conventional treatments is a crucial challenge. Despite the promising progress in advanced targeted therapies, HCC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Radionuclide therapy can potentially be a practical targeted approach to address this concern. Rhenium-188 (188Re) is a β-emitting radionuclide used in the clinic to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. Although adherent cell cultures are efficient and reliable, appropriate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contact is still lacking. Thus, we herein aimed to assess 188Re as a potential therapeutic component for HCC in 2D and 3D models. The death rate in treated Huh7 and HepG2 lines was significantly higher than in untreated control groups using viability assay. After treatment with 188ReO4, Annexin/PI data indicated considerable apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells after 48 h but not Huh7 cells. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting data also showed increased apoptosis in response to 188ReO4 treatment. In Huh7 cells, exposure to an effective dose of 188ReO4 led to cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Moreover, colony formation assay confirmed post-exposure growth suppression in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Then, the immunostaining displayed proliferation inhibition in the 188ReO4-treated cells on 3D scaffolds of liver ECM. The PI3-AKT signaling pathway was activated in 3D culture but not in 2D culture. In nude mice, Huh7 cells treated with an effective dose of 188ReO4 lost their tumor formation ability compared to the control group. These findings suggest that 188ReO4 can be a potential new therapeutic agent against HCC through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor formation. This approach can be effectively combined with antibodies and peptides for more selective and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samieh Asadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran;
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Bagher Aziz Kalantari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj 16255879, Iran;
| | | | - Mehdi Azad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Valentina Kapustina
- Department of Internal Medicine N1, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Sahar Moghbeli Nejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Hani Keshavarz Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Morteza Mohamadi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 17456987, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Cuesta C, Arévalo-Alameda C, Castellano E. The Importance of Being PI3K in the RAS Signaling Network. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1094. [PMID: 34356110 PMCID: PMC8303222 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras proteins are essential mediators of a multitude of cellular processes, and its deregulation is frequently associated with cancer appearance, progression, and metastasis. Ras-driven cancers are usually aggressive and difficult to treat. Although the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first Ras G12C inhibitor is an important milestone, only a small percentage of patients will benefit from it. A better understanding of the context in which Ras operates in different tumor types and the outcomes mediated by each effector pathway may help to identify additional strategies and targets to treat Ras-driven tumors. Evidence emerging in recent years suggests that both oncogenic Ras signaling in tumor cells and non-oncogenic Ras signaling in stromal cells play an essential role in cancer. PI3K is one of the main Ras effectors, regulating important cellular processes such as cell viability or resistance to therapy or angiogenesis upon oncogenic Ras activation. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of Ras-dependent activation of PI3K both in physiological conditions and cancer, with a focus on how this signaling pathway contributes to the formation of a tumor stroma that promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther Castellano
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.C.); (C.A.-A.)
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17
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Antoni D, Burckel H, Noel G. Combining Radiation Therapy with ALK Inhibitors in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Clinical and Preclinical Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2394. [PMID: 34063424 PMCID: PMC8156706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, the identification of genetic alterations in oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has significantly and favorably transformed the outcome of patients who can benefit from targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Among these genetic alterations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements were discovered in 2007 and are present in 3-5% of patients with NSCLC. In addition, radiotherapy remains one of the cornerstones of NSCLC treatment. Moreover, improvements in the field of radiotherapy with the use of hypofractionated or ablative stereotactic radiotherapy have led to a better outcome for localized or oligometastatic NSCLC. To date, the effects of the combination of ALK inhibitors and radiotherapy are unclear in terms of safety and efficacy but could potently improve treatment. In this manuscript, we provide a clinical and preclinical overview of combining radiation therapy with ALK inhibitors in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Antoni
- Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobiology Laboratory, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg University, UNICANCER, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.B.); (G.N.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, ICANS, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 17 rue Albert Calmette, CEDEX, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobiology Laboratory, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg University, UNICANCER, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.B.); (G.N.)
| | - Georges Noel
- Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobiology Laboratory, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg University, UNICANCER, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (H.B.); (G.N.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, ICANS, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 17 rue Albert Calmette, CEDEX, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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18
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Chabot T, Cheraud Y, Fleury F. Relationships between DNA repair and RTK-mediated signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188495. [PMID: 33346130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) are an important family involved in numerous signaling pathways essential for proliferation, cell survival, transcription or cell-cycle regulation. Their role and involvement in cancer cell survival have been widely described in the literature, and are generally associated with overexpression and/or excessive activity in the cancer pathology. Because of these characteristics, RTKs are relevant targets in the fight against cancer. In the last decade, increasingly numerous works describe the role of RTK signaling in the modulation of DNA repair, thus providing evidence of the relationship between RTKs and the protein actors in the repair pathways. In this review, we propose a summary of RTKs described as potential modulators of double-stranded DNA repair pathways in order to put forward new lines of research aimed at the implementation of new therapeutic strategies targeting both DNA repair pathways and RTK-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chabot
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Yvonnick Cheraud
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Fleury
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France.
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19
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Yu S, Zhang C, Xie KP. Therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer: Roadmap to its reversal. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188461. [PMID: 33157162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with limited opportunity for resectable surgery as the first choice for cure due to its late diagnosis and early metastasis. The desmoplastic stroma and cellular genetic or epigenetic alterations of pancreatic cancer impose physical and biological barriers to effective therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Here, we review the current therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer, and underlying mechanisms and potential reversal of therapeutic resistance, a hallmark of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to the South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to the South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to the South China University of Technology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Tiwari A, Iida M, Kosnopfel C, Abbariki M, Menegakis A, Fehrenbacher B, Maier J, Schaller M, Brucker SY, Wheeler DL, Harari PM, Rothbauer U, Schittek B, Zips D, Toulany M. Blocking Y-Box Binding Protein-1 through Simultaneous Targeting of PI3K and MAPK in Triple Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102795. [PMID: 33003386 PMCID: PMC7601769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with the high rates of relapse and metastasis and poor survival. YB-1 is overexpressed in TNBC tumor tissues. In the present study, we demonstrated that S102 phosphorylation of YB-1 in TNBC cell lines depend on the mutation status of the components of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Simultaneous targeting of MEK and PI3K was found to be the most effective approach to block YB-1 phosphorylation and to inhibit YB-1 dependent cell proliferation. YBX1 knockout was sufficient to block TNBC tumor growth. Abstract The multifunctional protein Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) regulates all the so far described cancer hallmarks including cell proliferation and survival. The MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways are also the major pathways involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival, and are the frequently hyperactivated pathways in human cancers. A gain of function mutation in KRAS mainly leads to the constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway, while the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway occurs either through the loss of PTEN or a gain of function mutation of the catalytic subunit alpha of PI3K (PIK3CA). In this study, we investigated the underlying signaling pathway involved in YB-1 phosphorylation at serine 102 (S102) in KRAS(G13D)-mutated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells versus PIK3CA(H1047R)/PTEN(E307K) mutated TNBC MDA-MB-453 cells. Our data demonstrate that S102 phosphorylation of YB-1 in KRAS-mutated cells is mainly dependent on the MAPK/ERK pathway, while in PIK3CA/PTEN-mutated cells, YB-1 S102 phosphorylation is entirely dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway. Independent of the individual dominant pathway regulating YB-1 phosphorylation, dual targeting of MEK and PI3K efficiently inhibited YB-1 phosphorylation and blocked cell proliferation. This represents functional crosstalk between the two pathways. Our data obtained from the experiments, applying pharmacological inhibitors and genetic approaches, shows that YB-1 is a key player in cell proliferation, clonogenic activity, and tumor growth of TNBC cells through the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Therefore, dual inhibition of these two pathways or single targeting of YB-1 may be an effective strategy to treat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadhya Tiwari
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.T.); (D.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.I.); (M.A.); (D.L.W.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (C.K.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Mahyar Abbariki
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.I.); (M.A.); (D.L.W.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Apostolos Menegakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (C.K.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Julia Maier
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (J.M.); (U.R.)
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (C.K.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Deric L. Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.I.); (M.A.); (D.L.W.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Paul M. Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.I.); (M.A.); (D.L.W.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (J.M.); (U.R.)
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (C.K.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Daniel Zips
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.T.); (D.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (A.T.); (D.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-29-85832
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Lettau K, Zips D, Toulany M. Simultaneous Targeting of RSK and AKT Efficiently Inhibits YB-1-Mediated Repair of Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 109:567-580. [PMID: 32931865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) overexpression is associated with chemotherapy- and radiation therapy resistance. Ionizing radiation (IR), receptor tyrosine kinase ligands, and mutation in KRAS gene stimulate activation of YB-1. YB-1 accelerates the repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) is the main kinase inducing YB-1 phosphorylation. We investigated the impact of RSK targeting on DSB repair and radiosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and Hs 578T, in addition to non-TNBC cell lines MCF7, HBL-100, and SKBR3, were used. MCF-10A cells were included as normal breast epithelial cells. The RSK inhibitor LJI308 was used to investigate the role of RSK activity in S102 phosphorylation of YB-1 and YB-1-associated signaling pathways. The activation status of the underlying pathways was investigated by Western blotting after treatment with pharmacologic inhibitors or transfection with siRNA. The impact of LJI308 on DSB repair and postirradiation cell survival was tested by the γH2AX foci and the standard clonogenic assays, respectively. RESULTS LJI308 inhibited the phosphorylation of RSK (T359/S363) and YB-1 (S102) after irradiation, treatment with EGF, and in cells expressing a KRAS mutation. LJI308 treatment slightly inhibited DSB repair only in some of the cell lines tested. This was shown to be due to PI3K-dependent stimulation of AKT or constitutive AKT activity mainly in cancer cells but not in normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells. Simultaneous targeting of AKT and RSK strongly blocked DSB repair in all cancer cell lines, independent of TNBC status or KRAS mutation, with a minor effect in MCF-10A cells. Cotargeting of RSK- and AKT-induced radiation sensitivity in TNBC MDA-MB-231 and non-TNBC MCF7 cells but not in MCF-10A cells. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous targeting of RSK and AKT might be an efficient approach to block the repair of DSBs after irradiation and to induce radiosensitization of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Lettau
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Im H, Lee J, Ryu KY, Yi JY. Integrin αvβ3-Akt signalling plays a role in radioresistance of melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:562-569. [PMID: 32298492 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly type of skin cancer that is particularly difficult to treat owing to its resistance to radiation therapy. Here, we attempted to determine the key proteins responsible for melanoma radioresistance, with the aim of improving disease response to radiation therapy. Two melanoma cell lines, SK-Mel5 and SK-Mel28, with different radiosensitivities were analysed via RNA-Seq (Quant-Seq) and target proteins with higher abundance in the more radioresistant cell line, SK-Mel28, identified. Among these proteins, integrin αvβ3, a well-known molecule in cell adhesion, was selected for analysis. Treatment of SK-Mel28 cells with cilengitide, an integrin αvβ3 inhibitor, as well as γ-irradiation resulted in more significant cell death than γ-irradiation alone. In addition, Akt, a downstream signal transducer of integrin αvβ3, showed high basic activation in SK-Mel28 and was significantly decreased upon co-treatment with cilengitide and γ-irradiation. MK-2206, an Akt inhibitor, exerted similar effects on the SK-Mel28 cell line following γ-irradiation. Our results collectively demonstrate that the integrin αvβ3-Akt signalling pathway contributes to radioresistance in SK-Mel28 cells, which may be manipulated to improve therapeutic options for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntaik Im
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyong Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon-Yul Ryu
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Youn Yi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Iida M, Harari PM, Wheeler DL, Toulany M. Targeting AKT/PKB to improve treatment outcomes for solid tumors. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111690. [PMID: 32120136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is the major substrate to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and consists of three paralogs: AKT1 (PKBα), AKT2 (PKBβ) and AKT3 (PKBγ). The PI3K/AKT pathway is normally activated by binding of ligands to membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as well as downstream to G-protein coupled receptors and integrin-linked kinase. Through multiple downstream substrates, activated AKT controls a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. In human cancers, the PI3K/AKT pathway is most frequently hyperactivated due to mutations and/or overexpression of upstream components. Aberrant expression of RTKs, gain of function mutations in PIK3CA, RAS, PDPK1, and AKT itself, as well as loss of function mutation in AKT phosphatases are genetic lesions that confer hyperactivation of AKT. Activated AKT stimulates DNA repair, e.g. double strand break repair after radiotherapy. Likewise, AKT attenuates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest that a crucial link exists between AKT and DNA damage. Thus, AKT could be a major predictive marker of conventional cancer therapy, molecularly targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding by which activated AKT mediates resistance to cancer treatment modalities, i.e. radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and RTK targeted therapy. Next, the effect of AKT on response of tumor cells to RTK targeted strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will provide a brief summary on the clinical trials of AKT inhibitors in combination with radiochemotherapy, RTK targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - P M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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van Stuijvenberg J, Proksch P, Fritz G. Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) by natural compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115279. [PMID: 31980363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds (NC) are an important source of anticancer drugs. The genomic DNA of tumor cells is a major target of conventional anticancer therapeutics (cAT). DNA damage elicits a complex stress response programme termed DNA damage response (DDR), with the PI3-like kinase ATM and ATR being the key regulators. Since the DDR coordinates mechanisms of DNA repair and apoptosis, hence regulating the balance between death and survival, it is an attractive target of novel anticancer strategies. The aim of the study was to identify natural compounds derived from endophytic fungi, lichens, marine sponges or plants that interfere with mechanisms of the DDR. To this end, the cytotoxic and DDR modulating potency of 296 natural compounds, used alone or in combination with the cAT cisplatin (Cis) and doxorubicin (Doxo) was investigated by fluorescence-based analysis of the ATM/ATR-catalyzed S139 phosphorylation of histone 2AX (γH2AX), a surrogate marker of DNA damage-triggered DDR. After initial screening, a total of ten natural compounds were identified that were toxic in pancreatic carcinoma cells and activated the DDR on their own and/or promoted the DDR if used in combination with cAT. Their mode of action was shown to be independent of drug transport mechanisms. Based on their chemical structures, DDR modulatory activity and published data we suggest the marine NC 5-epi-nakijiquinone Q and 5-epi-ilimaquinone as well as the fungal compound secalonic acid F as most promising NC-based drug candidates for future synthesis of DDR-modulating chemical derivatives and their preclinical in vitro and in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana van Stuijvenberg
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Mohammadian Gol T, Rodemann HP, Dittmann K. Depletion of Akt1 and Akt2 Impairs the Repair of Radiation-Induced DNA Double Strand Breaks via Homologous Recombination. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246316. [PMID: 31847370 PMCID: PMC6941063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination repair (HRR), non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and alternative NHEJ are major pathways that are utilized by cells for processing DNA double strand breaks (DNA-DSBs); their function plays an important role in the radiation resistance of tumor cells. Conflicting data exist regarding the role of Akt in homologous recombination (HR), i.e., the regulation of Rad51 as a major protein of this pathway. This study was designed to investigate the specific involvement of Akt isoforms in HRR. HCT116 colon cancer cells with stable AKT-knock-out and siRNA-mediated AKT-knockdown phenotypes were used to investigate the role of Akt1 and Akt2 isoforms in HR. The results clearly demonstrated that HCT116 AKT1-KO and AKT2-KO cells have a significantly reduced Rad51 foci formation 6 h post irradiation versus parental cells. Depletion of Akt1 and Akt2 protein levels as well as inhibition of Akt kinase activity resulted in an increased number of residual-γH2AX in CENP-F positive cells mainly representing the S and G2 phase cells. Furthermore, inhibition of NHEJ and HR using DNA-PK and Rad51 antagonists resulted in stronger radiosensitivity of AKT1 and AKT2 knockout cells versus wild type cells. These data collectively show that both Akt1 and Akt2 are involved in DSBs repair through HRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mohammadian Gol
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.P.R.); (K.D.); Tel.: +49-70-7129-87465 (K.D.); Fax: +49-70-7129-5900 (K.D.)
| | - Klaus Dittmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.P.R.); (K.D.); Tel.: +49-70-7129-87465 (K.D.); Fax: +49-70-7129-5900 (K.D.)
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Jung KH, Lee EJ, Park JW, Lee JH, Moon SH, Cho YS, Lee KH. EGF receptor stimulation shifts breast cancer cell glucose metabolism toward glycolytic flux through PI3 kinase signaling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221294. [PMID: 31532771 PMCID: PMC6750601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers that express epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (EGFRs) are associated with poor prognosis. Our group recently showed in breast cancer patients that EGFR expression is strongly correlated with high tumor uptake of the glucose analogue, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Here, we explored the cellular mechanism and signaling pathways that can explain the relation between EGFR and breast cancer cell glucose metabolism. FDG uptake, lactate production and hexokinase (HK) activity were measured, and proliferation assays and western blots were performed. EGF stimulated an increase of FDG uptake in EGFR-positive T47D and MDA-MB-468 cells, but not in MCF-7 cells. In T47D cells, the effect was dose-dependent and was accompanied by increased lactate production, indicating a shift toward glycolytic flux. This metabolic response occurred through enhanced HK activity and upregulated glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression. EGFR stimulation also increased T47D cell proliferation. Blocking EGFR activation with BIBX1382 or gefitinib completely abolished both FDG uptake and proliferation effects. EGFR stimulation induced MAP kinase (MAPK) and PI3 kinase (PI3K) activation. Increased cell proliferation by EGFR stimulation was completely abolished by MAPK inhibition with PD98059 or by PI3K inhibition with LY294002. Increased FDG uptake was also completely abrogated by PI3K inhibition but was uninfluenced by MAPK inhibition. These findings suggest that the association between breast tumor EGFR expression and high FDG uptake might be contributed by stimulation of the PI3K pathway downstream of EGFR activation. This was in contrast to EGFR-mediated cell proliferation that required MAPK as well as PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seok Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Rezatabar S, Karimian A, Rameshknia V, Parsian H, Majidinia M, Kopi TA, Bishayee A, Sadeghinia A, Yousefi M, Monirialamdari M, Yousefi B. RAS/MAPK signaling functions in oxidative stress, DNA damage response and cancer progression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14951-14965. [PMID: 30811039 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways organize a great constitution network that regulates several physiological processes, like cell growth, differentiation, and apoptotic cell death. Due to the crucial importance of this signaling pathway, dysregulation of the MAPK signaling cascades is involved in the pathogenesis of various human cancer types. Oxidative stress and DNA damage are two important factors which in common lead to carcinogenesis through dysregulation of this signaling pathway. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a common subproduct of oxidative energy metabolism and are considered to be a significant physiological modulator of several intracellular signaling pathways including the MAPK pathway. Studies demonstrated that the MAP kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 were activated in response to oxidative stress. In addition, DNA damage is a partly common circumstance in cell life and may result in mutation, cancer, and even cell death. Recently, accumulating evidence illustrated that the MEK/ERK pathway is associated with the suitable performance of cellular DNA damage response (DDR), the main pathway of tumor suppression. During DDR, the MEK/ERK pathway is regularly activated, which contributes to the appropriate activation of DDR checkpoints to inhibit cell division. Therefore, the aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss the critical function of MAPK signaling in oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Rezatabar
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Vahid Rameshknia
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Azramezani Kopi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida
| | - Ali Sadeghinia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Dual Targeting of Y-Box Binding Protein-1 and Akt Inhibits Proliferation and Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040562. [PMID: 31010234 PMCID: PMC6521066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS-mutated colorectal cancers (CRCs) are resistant to cetuximab treatment. The multifunctional Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is overexpressed in CRC and is associated with chemoresistance. In this study, the effects of oncogenic mutated KRAS(G12V) and KRAS(G13D) on YB-1 phosphorylation were investigated in CRC cells. The effects of the inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) on YB-1 phosphorylation, cell proliferation and survival were tested with and without treatment with 5-fluorouracil using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA. YB-1 phosphorylation status and subcellular distribution in CRC patient tissues were determined by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Endogenous expression of mutated KRAS(G13D) and conditional expression of KRAS(G12V) significantly stimulated YB-1 phosphorylation via RSK and were associated with cetuximab resistance. Inhibition of YB-1 by targeting RSK stimulated the Akt signaling pathway, and this stimulation occurred independently of KRAS mutational status. Akt activation interfered with the antiproliferative effect of the RSK inhibitor. Consequently, dual targeting of RSK and Akt efficiently inhibited cell proliferation in KRAS(G13D)-mutated HCT116 and KRAS wild-type SW48 cells. Treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly enhanced YB-1 phosphorylation in KRAS(G13D)-mutated HCT116 cells but not in KRAS wild-type SW48 cells. Dual targeting of Akt and RSK sensitized HCT116 cells to 5-FU by stimulating 5-FU-induced apoptosis and inhibiting repair of 5-FU-induced DNA damage. YB-1 was highly phosphorylated in CRC patient tumor tissues and was mainly localized in the nucleus. Together, dual targeting of RSK and Akt may be an alternative molecular targeting approach to cetuximab for treating CRC in which YB-1 is highly phosphorylated.
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van de Stolpe A. Quantitative Measurement of Functional Activity of the PI3K Signaling Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E293. [PMID: 30832253 PMCID: PMC6468721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) growth factor signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development and in many physiological processes, for example the generation of an immune response. The pathway is frequently activated in cancer, driving cell division and influencing the activity of other signaling pathways, such as the MAPK, JAK-STAT and TGFβ pathways, to enhance tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Drugs that inhibit the pathway at various locations, e.g., receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors, are clinically available. To predict drug response versus resistance, tests that measure PI3K pathway activity in a patient sample, preferably in combination with measuring the activity of other signaling pathways to identify potential resistance pathways, are needed. However, tests for signaling pathway activity are lacking, hampering optimal clinical application of these drugs. We recently reported the development and biological validation of a test that provides a quantitative PI3K pathway activity score for individual cell and tissue samples across cancer types, based on measuring Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor target gene mRNA levels in combination with a Bayesian computational interpretation model. A similar approach has been used to develop tests for other signaling pathways (e.g., estrogen and androgen receptor, Hedgehog, TGFβ, Wnt and NFκB pathways). The potential utility of the test is discussed, e.g., to predict response and resistance to targeted drugs, immunotherapy, radiation and chemotherapy, as well as (pre-) clinical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja van de Stolpe
- Precision Diagnostics, Philips Research, High Tech Campus, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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30
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Jiang X, Ye J, Dong Z, Hu S, Xiao M. Novel genetic alterations and their impact on target therapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1321-1336. [PMID: 30799957 PMCID: PMC6371928 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is highly variable by tumor site, histologic type, molecular characteristics, and clinical outcome. During recent years, emerging targeted therapies have been focused on driver genes. HNSCC involves several genetic alterations, such as co-occurrence, multiple feedback loops, and cross-talk communications. These different kinds of genetic alterations interact with each other and mediate targeted therapy response. In the current review, it is emphasized that future treatment strategy in HNSCC will not solely be based on "synthetic lethality" approaches directed against overactivated genes. More importantly, biologic, genetic, and epigenetic alterations of HNSCC will be taken into consideration to guide the therapy. The emerging genetic alterations in HNSCC and its effect on targeted therapy response are discussed in detail. Hopefully, novel combination regimens for the treatment of HNSCC can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Zhihuai Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Sunhong Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Mang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,
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31
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Toulany M. Targeting DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways to Improve Radiotherapy Response. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010025. [PMID: 30621219 PMCID: PMC6356315 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of cancer patients receive radiotherapy as a part of their cancer treatment. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered as the most lethal form of DNA damage and a primary cause of cell death and are induced by ionizing radiation (IR) during radiotherapy. Many malignant cells carry multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations that may interfere with essential DSB repair pathways. Additionally, exposure to IR induces the activation of a multicomponent signal transduction network known as DNA damage response (DDR). DDR initiates cell cycle checkpoints and induces DSB repair in the nucleus by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). The canonical DSB repair pathways function in both normal and tumor cells. Thus, normal-tissue toxicity may limit the targeting of the components of these two pathways as a therapeutic approach in combination with radiotherapy. The DSB repair pathways are also stimulated through cytoplasmic signaling pathways. These signaling cascades are often upregulated in tumor cells harboring mutations or the overexpression of certain cellular oncogenes, e.g., receptor tyrosine kinases, PIK3CA and RAS. Targeting such cytoplasmic signaling pathways seems to be a more specific approach to blocking DSB repair in tumor cells. In this review, a brief overview of cytoplasmic signaling pathways that have been reported to stimulate DSB repair is provided. The state of the art of targeting these pathways will be discussed. A greater understanding of the underlying signaling pathways involved in DSB repair may provide valuable insights that will help to design new strategies to improve treatment outcomes in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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32
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Karimian A, Mir SM, Parsian H, Refieyan S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. Crosstalk between Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway with DNA damage response and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10248-10272. [PMID: 30592328 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is one of the well-characterized and most important signaling pathways activated in response to DNA damage. This review discusses the most recent discoveries on the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cancer development, as well as stimulation of some important signaling networks involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon DNA damage, with an exploration of how PI3K/Akt signaling pathway contributes to the regulation of modulators and effectors underlying DNA damage response, the intricate, protein-based signal transduction network, which decides between cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis, the elimination of irreparably damaged cells to maintain homeostasis. The review continues by looking at the interplay between cell cycle checkpoints, checking the repair of damage inflicted to the DNA before entering DNA replication to facilitate DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We then investigate the challenges the cells overcome to ameliorate damages induced by oxidative activities, for example, the recruitment of many pathways and factors to maintain integrity and hemostasis. Finally, the review provides a discussion of how cells use the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to regulate the balance between these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sayed Mostafa Mir
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sona Refieyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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33
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Li L, Huang Y, Gao Y, Shi T, Xu Y, Li H, Hyytiäinen M, Keski-Oja J, Jiang Q, Hu Y, Du Z. EGF/EGFR upregulates and cooperates with Netrin-4 to protect glioblastoma cells from DNA damage-induced senescence. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1215. [PMID: 30514230 PMCID: PMC6280426 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant central nervous system tumor. Alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), is currently the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for GBM. However, the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ is affected by many factors. And, several clinic trials, including co-administration of TMZ with other drugs, have failed in successful treatment of GBM. We have previously reported that Netrin-4 (NTN4), a laminin-like axon guidance protein, plays a protective role in GBM cell senescence upon TMZ-triggered DNA damage. However, the master regulator of NTN4 needs further elucidation. Epidermal growth factor/Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF/EGFR) can modulate the expression of various extracellular matrix related molecules, and prevent DNA damage in GBM cells. In this study, we investigated the relationship between EGF/EGFR signaling and NTN4, and explored their effect on therapeutic efficacy in GBM cells upon TMZ treatment. METHODS Co-expression analysis were performed by using the RNA sequencing data from NIH 934 cell lines and from single cell RNA sequencing data of GBM tumor. The co-expressing genes were used for GO enrichment and signaling pathway enrichment. mRNA expression of the target genes were quantified by qPCR, and cell senescence were investigated by Senescence-Associated Beta-Galactosidase Staining. Protein phosphorylation were observed and analyzed by immunoblotting. The RNA sequencing data and clinical information of TMZ treated patients were extracted from TCGA-glioblastoma project, and then used for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed a potential co-expression relationship between NTN4 and EGFR. GO enrichment of EGFR-correlated genes indicated that EGFR regulates GBM cells in a manner similar to that in central nervous system development and neural cell differentiation. Pathway analysis suggested that EGFR and its related genes contribute to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and caspase related signaling. We also show that EGF stimulates NTN4 expression in GBM cells and cooperates with NTN4 to attenuate GBM cell senescence induced by DNA damage, possibly via AKT and ERK. Clinical analysis showed that co-expression of EGFR and NTN4 significantly predicts poor survival in TMZ-treated GBM patients. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that EGF/EGFR regulates and cooperates with NTN4 in DNA damage resistance in GBM. Therefore, our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuge Gao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Shi
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huini Li
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Hyytiäinen
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Keski-Oja
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qiuying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yizhou Hu
- Departments of Virology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, the Haartman Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Present address: Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of pharmacy, the Second Clinical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Wang N, Wang L, Meng X, Wang J, Zhu L, Liu C, Li S, Zheng L, Yang Z, Xing L, Yu J. Osimertinib (AZD9291) increases radio‑sensitivity in EGFR T790M non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:77-86. [PMID: 30365094 PMCID: PMC6278463 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib (AZD9291) is a third generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated significant clinical benefits in patients with EGFR‑sensitizing mutations or the T790M mutation. However, the potential therapeutic effect of osimertinib combined with ionizing irradiation (IR) is not well understood. The present study investigated treatment with osimertinib combined with IR in EGFR T790M non‑small cell lung cancer (NCI‑H1975) in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that osimertinib inhibited proliferation and clonogenic survival following irradiation, decreased G2/M phase arrest in irradiated cells, and delayed DNA damage repair in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner. Furthermore, osimertinib alone or in combination with IR, blocked the phosphorylation of EGFR (Tyr1068/Tyr1173), protein kinase B and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase. Osimertinib also enhanced the antitumor activity of IR in tumor‑bearing nude mice. The results of the present study indicated that osimertinib has therapeutic potential as a radiation‑sensitizer in lung cancer cells harboring the EGFR T790M mutation, providing a rationale for clinically combining osimertinib with irradiation in EGFR T790M non‑small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan‑Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Zhu
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Changting Liu
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Li
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfan Yang
- Asia Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Ma Y, Vassetzky Y, Dokudovskaya S. mTORC1 pathway in DNA damage response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1293-1311. [PMID: 29936127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms have evolved various mechanisms to control their metabolism and response to various stresses, allowing them to survive and grow in different environments. In eukaryotes, the highly conserved mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of cellular metabolism, proliferation and survival. A growing body of evidence indicates that mTOR signaling is closely related to another cellular protection mechanism, the DNA damage response (DDR). Many factors important for the DDR are also involved in the mTOR pathway. In this review, we discuss how these two pathways communicate to ensure an efficient protection of the cell against metabolic and genotoxic stresses. We also describe how anticancer therapies benefit from simultaneous targeting of the DDR and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Ma
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- CNRS UMR 8126, Université Paris-Sud 11, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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36
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Zhang S, Fu Y, Wang D, Wang J. Icotinib enhances lung cancer cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting MAPK/ERK and AKT activation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:969-977. [PMID: 29770473 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Icotinib hydrochloride is a small epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that was developed by Chinese scientists. While clinical trials have revealed its efficacy in the treatment of lung cancer, very little is known about its role in enhancing radiosensitivity. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of Icotinib in enhancing lung cancer cell radiosensitivity and have detailed its underlying molecular mechanism. The lung cancer cell line H1650 was pretreated with or without Icotinib for 24 hours before radiation, and clonogenic survival assay was performed. Cell apoptosis was also analyzed by flow cytometry, while western blotting was performed to examine the activation of EGFR and its downstream kinases in H1650 cells after Icotinib and radiation treatment. Furthermore, a xenograft animal model was established to evaluate the radiosensitivity of Icotinib in vivo and to confirm its mechanism. Our results demonstrate that pretreatment with Icotinib reduced clonogenic survival after radiation, inhibited EGFR activation, and increased radiation-induced apoptosis in H1650 cells. The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and EGFR was inhibited after Icotinib and radiation combination treatment in vitro and in vivo compared with individual treatments. Combination treatment also affected the expression of the DNA repair protein H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX). In conclusion, our results reveal that Icotinib enhances radiosensitivity in lung cancers in vitro and in vivo and the mechanism of this may involve blocking the EGFR-AKT and MAPK-ERK pathways and limiting DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
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Cao X, Zhou Y, Sun H, Xu M, Bi X, Zhao Z, Shen B, Wan F, Hong Z, Lan L, Luo L, Guo Z, Yin Z. EGFR-TKI-induced HSP70 degradation and BER suppression facilitate the occurrence of the EGFR T790 M resistant mutation in lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2018. [PMID: 29524558 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR-activating mutations initially respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and have shown favorable outcomes. However, acquired drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs develops in almost all patients mainly due to the EGFR T790 M mutation. Here, we show that treatment with low-dose EGFR-TKI results in the emergence of the EGFR T790 M mutation and in the reduction of HSP70 protein levels in HCC827 cells. Erlotinib treatment inhibits HSP70 phosphorylation at tyrosine 41 and increases HSP70 ubiquitination, resulting in HSP70 degradation. We show that EGFR-TKI treatment causes increased DNA damage and enhanced gene mutation rates, which are secondary to the EGFR-TKI-induced reduction of HSP70 protein. Importantly, HSP70 overexpression delays the occurrence of Erlotinib-induced EGFR T790 M mutation. We further demonstrate that HSP70 interacts with multiple enzymes in the base excision repair (BER) pathway and promotes not only the efficiency but also the fidelity of BER. Collectively, our findings show that EGFR-TKI treatment facilitates gene mutation and the emergence of EGFR T790 M secondary mutation by the attenuation of BER via induction of HSP70 protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Miao Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Bi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Radiation Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Lan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, PR China.
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38
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Eke I, Makinde AY, Aryankalayil MJ, Sandfort V, Palayoor ST, Rath BH, Liotta L, Pierobon M, Petricoin EF, Brown MF, Stommel JM, Ahmed MM, Coleman CN. Exploiting Radiation-Induced Signaling to Increase the Susceptibility of Resistant Cancer Cells to Targeted Drugs: AKT and mTOR Inhibitors as an Example. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:355-367. [PMID: 28802252 PMCID: PMC5805592 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Implementing targeted drug therapy in radio-oncologic treatment regimens has greatly improved the outcome of cancer patients. However, the efficacy of molecular targeted drugs such as inhibitory antibodies or small molecule inhibitors essentially depends on target expression and activity, which both can change during the course of treatment. Radiotherapy has previously been shown to activate prosurvival pathways, which can help tumor cells to adapt and thereby survive treatment. Therefore, we aimed to identify changes in signaling induced by radiation and evaluate the potential of targeting these changes with small molecules to increase the therapeutic efficacy on cancer cell survival. Analysis of "The Cancer Genome Atlas" database disclosed a significant overexpression of AKT1, AKT2, and MTOR genes in human prostate cancer samples compared with normal prostate gland tissue. Multifractionated radiation of three-dimensional-cultured prostate cancer cell lines with a dose of 2 Gy/day as a clinically relevant schedule resulted in an increased protein phosphorylation and enhanced protein-protein interaction between AKT and mTOR, whereas gene expression of AKT, MTOR, and related kinases was not altered by radiation. Similar results were found in a xenograft model of prostate cancer. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR/AKT signaling after activation by multifractionated radiation was more effective than treatment prior to radiotherapy. Taken together, our findings provide a proof-of-concept that targeting signaling molecules after activation by radiotherapy may be a novel and promising treatment strategy for cancers treated with multifractionated radiation regimens such as prostate cancer to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to molecular targeted drugs. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 355-67. ©2017 AACRSee all articles in this MCT Focus section, "Developmental Therapeutics in Radiation Oncology."
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Adeola Y Makinde
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Veit Sandfort
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sanjeewani T Palayoor
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara H Rath
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lance Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia
| | - Matthew F Brown
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jayne M Stommel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Kriegs M, Kasten-Pisula U, Riepen B, Hoffer K, Struve N, Myllynen L, Braig F, Binder M, Rieckmann T, Grénman R, Petersen C, Dikomey E, Rothkamm K. Radiosensitization of HNSCC cells by EGFR inhibition depends on the induction of cell cycle arrests. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45122-45133. [PMID: 27281611 PMCID: PMC5216710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in cellular radiosensitivity by EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibition has been shown to be attributable to the induction of a G1-arrest in p53-proficient cells. Because EGFR targeting in combination with radiotherapy is used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) which are predominantly p53 mutated, we tested the effects of EGFR targeting on cellular radiosensitivity, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair and cell cycle control using a large panel of HNSCC cell lines. In these experiments EGFR targeting inhibited signal transduction, blocked proliferation and induced radiosensitization but only in some cell lines and only under normal (pre-plating) conditions. This sensitization was not associated with impaired DNA repair (53BP1 foci) or induction of apoptosis. However, it was associated with the induction of a lasting G2-arrest. Both, the radiosensitization and the G2-arrest were abrogated if the cells were re-stimulated (delayed plating) with actually no radiosensitization being detectable in any of the 14 tested cell lines. Therefore we conclude that EGFR targeting can induce a reversible G2 arrest in p53 deficient HNSCC cells, which does not consequently result in a robust cellular radiosensitization. Together with recent animal and clinical studies our data indicate that EGFR inhibition is no effective strategy to increase the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Kriegs
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulla Kasten-Pisula
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Britta Riepen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Struve
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Myllynen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Braig
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Dikomey
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg - Eppendorf, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum - University Cancer Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Toulany M, Iida M, Keinath S, Iyi FF, Mueck K, Fehrenbacher B, Mansour WY, Schaller M, Wheeler DL, Rodemann HP. Dual targeting of PI3K and MEK enhances the radiation response of K-RAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43746-43761. [PMID: 27248324 PMCID: PMC5190057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant contribution of radiotherapy to non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), radioresistance still occurs. One of the major radioresistance mechanisms is the hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in which Akt facilitates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through the stimulation of DNA-PKcs. We investigated if targeting PI3K would be a potential approach for enhancing the radiosensitivity of K-RAS mutated (K-RASmut) NSCLC cell lines A549 and H460. Short-term (1-2 h) pre-treatment of cells with the PI3K inhibitor PI-103 (1 μM) inhibited Akt/DNA-PKcs activity, blocked DSBs repair and induced radiosensitivity, while long-term (24 h) pre-treatment did not. Lack of an effect after 24 h of PI-103 pre-treatment was due to reactivation of K-Ras/MEK/ERK-dependent Akt. However, long-term treatment with the combination of PI-103 and MEK inhibitor PD98059 completely blocked reactivation of Akt and impaired DSBs repair through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) leading to radiosensitization. The effect of PI3K inhibition on Akt signaling was also tested in A549 mouse xenografts. P-Akt and P-DNA-PKcs were inhibited 30 min post-irradiation in xenografts, which were pretreated by PI-103 30 min before irradiation. However, Akt was reactivated 30 min post-irradiation in tumors, which were pre-treated for 3 h with PI-103 before irradiation. After a 24 h pretreatment with PI-103, a significant reactivation of Akt was achieved 24 h after irradiation. Thus, due to MEK/ERK-dependent reactivation of Akt, targeting PI3K alone is not a suitable approach for radiosensitizing K-RASmut NSCLC cells, indicating that dual targeting of PI3K and MEK is an efficient approach to improve radiotherapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simone Keinath
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Firdevs F Iyi
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Mueck
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Wael Y Mansour
- Tumor Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Deric L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Mueck K, Rebholz S, Harati MD, Rodemann HP, Toulany M. Akt1 Stimulates Homologous Recombination Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in a Rad51-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2473. [PMID: 29156644 PMCID: PMC5713439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt1 is known to promote non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by stimulation of DNA-PKcs. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Akt1 on homologous recombination (HR)-dependent repair of radiation-induced DSBs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells A549 and H460. Akt1-knockdown (Akt1-KD) significantly reduced Rad51 protein level, Rad51 foci formation and its colocalization with γH2AX foci after irradiation. Moreover, Akt1-KD decreased clonogenicity after treatment with Mitomycin C and HR repair, as tested by an HR-reporter assay. Double knockdown of Akt1 and Rad51 did not lead to a further decrease in HR compared to the single knockdown of Rad51. Consequently, Akt1-KD significantly increased the number of residual DSBs after irradiation partially independent of the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs. Likewise, the number of residual BRCA1 foci, indicating unsuccessful HR events, also significantly increased in the irradiated cells after Akt1-KD. Together, the results of the study indicate that Akt1 seems to be a regulatory component in the HR repair of DSBs in a Rad51-dependent manner. Thus, based on this novel role of Akt1 in HR and the previously described role of Akt1 in NHEJ, we propose that targeting Akt1 could be an effective approach to selectively improve the killing of tumor cells by DSB-inducing cytotoxic agents, such as ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mueck
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Simone Rebholz
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mozhgan Dehghan Harati
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - H Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mahmoud Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Analyzing the influence of kinase inhibitors on DNA repair by differential proteomics of chromatin-interacting proteins and nuclear phospho-proteins. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110983-110993. [PMID: 29340031 PMCID: PMC5762299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of radiotherapy and pharmacological inhibition of cellular signal transduction pathways offers promising strategies for enhanced cancer cell inactivation. However, the molecular effects of kinase inhibitors especially on DNA damage detection and repair after X-irradiation have to be understood to facilitate the development of efficient and personalized treatment regimens. Therefore, we applied differential proteomics for analyzing inhibitor-induced changes in either chromatin-bound or phosphorylated nuclear proteins. The effect of the multi kinase inhibitor sorafenib on DNA repair, chromatin binding and phosphorylation of nuclear proteins was analyzed in UT-SCC 42B head and neck cancer cells using metabolic labeling based differential proteomics (SILAC). Sorafenib significantly inhibited DNA repair but failed to significantly affect chromatin interactions of 90 quantified proteins. In contrast, analyzing nuclear phospho-proteins following sorafenib treatment, we detected quantitative changes in 9 out of 59 proteins, including DNA-repair proteins. In conclusion, the analysis of nuclear phospho-proteins by differential proteomics is an effective tool for determining the molecular effects of kinase inhibitors on X-irradiated cells. Analyzing chromatin binding might be less promising.
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Akt1 and Akt3 but not Akt2 through interaction with DNA-PKcs stimulate proliferation and post-irradiation cell survival of K-RAS-mutated cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17072. [PMID: 29090098 PMCID: PMC5661268 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Akt1 through the C-terminal domain interacts with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and stimulates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in K-RAS-mutated (K-RASmut) cells. We investigated the interactions of distinct domain(s) of DNA-PKcs in binding to full-length Akt1. Similarly, we analyzed potential interactions of DNA-PKcs with Akt2 and Akt3. Finally the effect of Akt isoforms in cell proliferation and tumor growth was tested. We demonstrated that Akt1 preferentially binds to the N-terminal domain of DNA-PKcs using pull-down studies with distinct eGFP-tagged DNA-PKcs fragments that were expressed by plasmids in combination with mCherry-tagged full-length Akt isoforms. These binding studies also indicated an interaction with the intermediate and C-terminal domains of DNA-PKcs. In contrast, Akt3 interacted with all four DNA-PKcs fragments without a marked preference for any specific domain. Notably, we could not see binding of Akt2 to any of the tested DNA-PKcs fragments. In subsequent studies, we demonstrated that Akt inhibition interferes with binding of Akt1 to the N-terminal domain of DNA-PKcs. This indicated a correlation between Akt1 activity and the Akt1/DNA-PKcs complex formation. Finally, knockdown studies revealed that the depletion of endogenous Akt1 and Akt3, but not Akt2, inhibit clonogenic activity and repair of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA DSBs, leading to radiosensitization. Furthermore, in a xenograft study the expression of shAkt1 or shAkt3, but not shAkt2 in K-RASmut breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed major tumor growth delay. Together, these data indicate that Akt1 and Akt3, but not Akt2, physically interact with DNA-PKcs, thus stimulating the repair of DSBs and therefore protecting K-RASmut cells against IR. Likewise, interaction of Akt isoforms with DNA-PKcs could be crucial for their role in regulating tumor growth.
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Afatinib, an Irreversible EGFR Family Inhibitor, Shows Activity Toward Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Alone and in Combination with Radiotherapy, Independent of KRAS Status. Target Oncol 2017; 11:371-81. [PMID: 26668065 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by a high frequency of KRAS mutations and frequent deregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other EGFR family members such as HER2/ErbB2. The EGFR inhibitor erlotinib is approved for treatment of pancreatic cancer, but has shown modest activity in most patients. OBJECTIVE Here we investigated the activity of afatinib, a second-generation irreversible pan-EGFR family kinase inhibitor, alone or in combination with ionizing radiation, toward pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS The influence of afatinib on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, clonogenic survival, nuclear fragmentation, ploidy, and centrosome amplification following irradiation was determined. Expression and phosphorylation of HER receptors, Akt, DNA-PKcs, and ERK1/2 was characterized by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Afatinib was growth-inhibitory for all three cell lines but cytotoxic only toward BxPC3 (KRAS (wt)) and Capan-2 (KRAS (mut)) cells, both of which express high levels of EGFR, HER2, and HER3 receptors. Afatinib increased the radiosensitivity of BxPC3 and Capan-2 cells, prevented the radio-induced phosphorylation of Akt, and induced mitotic catastrophe following irradiation. In comparison, Panc-1 cells (KRAS (mut)) expressing low levels of EGFR family receptors were resistant to afatinib-induced radiosensitization. LIMITATIONS These results must be confirmed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Afatinib showed cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects toward a subset of pancreatic cancer cells which was closely correlated with expression of EGFR, HER2, and HER3 receptors, but not with KRAS status.
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Oberthür R, Seemann H, Gehrig J, Rave-Fränk M, Bremmer F, Halpape R, Conradi LC, Scharf JG, Burfeind P, Kaulfuß S. Simultaneous inhibition of IGF1R and EGFR enhances the efficacy of standard treatment for colorectal cancer by the impairment of DNA repair and the induction of cell death. Cancer Lett 2017; 407:93-105. [PMID: 28823963 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are frequent phenomena in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we evaluated the effect and the cellular mechanisms of the simultaneous inhibition of these two RTKs both in vitro and in vivo in addition to a 5-fluoruracil (5-FU)-based radiochemotherapy (RCT), which is a standard treatment scheme for CRC. Using the small molecule inhibitors AEW541 and erlotinib, specific against IGF1R and EGFR, respectively, different CRC cell lines exhibited a reduced survival fraction after RCT, with the highest effect after the simultaneous inhibition of IGF1R/EGFR. In vivo, xenograft mice simultaneously treated with low dose AEW541/erlotinib plus RCT revealed a significant reduction in tumour volume and weight compared with the tumours of mice treated with either AEW541 or erlotinib alone. In vitro, the combined inhibition of IGF1R/EGFR resulted in a stronger reduction of downstream signalling, an increase in DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe after RCT depending on the cell line. Moreover, the existence of IGF1R/EGFR heterodimers in CRC cells and human rectal cancer samples was proven. The heterodimerisation of these RTKs was dependent on the presence of both ligands, IGF-1 and EGF, and functional receptors. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the strategy of targeting both IGF1R and EGFR, in addition to basic RCT, could be of intriguing importance in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Oberthür
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Seemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Gehrig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margret Rave-Fränk
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rovena Halpape
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral and Paediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens-Gerd Scharf
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, HELIOS Hospital Erfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Burfeind
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.
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Fan YH, Li W, Liu DD, Bai MX, Song HR, Xu YN, Lee S, Zhou ZP, Wang J, Ding HW. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 3-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as PI3Kα inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:95-106. [PMID: 28800461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a pivotal regulator of intracellular signaling pathways and considered as a promising target in the development of a therapeutic treatment of cancer. Among the different PI3K subtypes, the PIK3CA gene encoding PI3K p110α is frequently mutated and overexpressed in majority of human cancers. Therefore, the inhibition of PI3Kα has been considered to be an efficient approach for the treatment of cancer. In this study, two series compounds containing hydrophilic group in imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and quinazolin-4(3H)-one were synthesized and their antiproliferative activities against five cancer cell lines, including HCT-116, SK-HEP-1, MDA-MB-231, SNU638 and A549, were evaluated. Compound 1i with most potent antiproliferative activity was selected for further biological evaluation. PI3K kinase assay showed that 1i has selectivity for PI3Kα distinguished from other isoforms. The western blot assay indicated that 1i is more effective than HS-173, an imidazopyridine-based PI3Ka inhibitor, in reducing the levels of phospho-Akt. All these results suggested that 1i is a potent PI3Kα inhibitor and could be considered as a potential candidate for the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Meng-Xuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hong-Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yong-Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - SangKook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huai-Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Abstract
Cellular chromosomal DNA is the principal target through which ionising radiation exerts it diverse biological effects. This chapter summarises the relevant DNA damage signalling and repair pathways used by normal and tumour cells in response to irradiation. Strategies for tumour radiosensitisation are reviewed which exploit tumour-specific DNA repair deficiencies or signalling pathway addictions, with a special focus on growth factor signalling, PARP, cancer stem cells, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA replication. This chapter concludes with a discussion of DNA repair-related candidate biomarkers of tumour response which are of crucial importance for implementing precision medicine in radiation oncology.
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Goda JS, Pachpor T, Basu T, Chopra S, Gota V. Targeting the AKT pathway: Repositioning HIV protease inhibitors as radiosensitizers. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:145-59. [PMID: 27121513 PMCID: PMC4859124 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.180201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular resistance in tumour cells to different therapeutic approaches has been a limiting factor in the curative treatment of cancer. Resistance to therapeutic radiation is a common phenomenon which significantly reduces treatment options and impacts survival. One of the mechanisms of acquiring resistance to ionizing radiation is the overexpression or activation of various oncogenes like the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), RAS (rat sarcoma) oncogene or loss of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) which in turn activates the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3-K)/AKT pathway responsible for radiation resistance in various tumours. Blocking the pathway enhances the radiation response both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the differential activation of this pathway (constitutively activated in tumour cells and not in the normal host cells), it is an excellent candidate target for molecular targeted therapy to enhance radiation sensitivity. In this regard, HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs) known to interfere with PI3-K/AKT signaling in tumour cells, have been shown to sensitize various tumour cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, HPIs are now being investigated as possible radiosensitizers along with various chemotherapeutic drugs. This review describes the mechanisms by which PI3-K/AKT pathway causes radioresistance and the role of HIV protease inhibitors especially nelfinavir as a potential candidate drug to target the AKT pathway for overcoming radioresistance and its use in various clinical trials for different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant S Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Clinical Biology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Advance Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
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Magnetta MJ, Ghodadra A, Lahti SJ, Xing M, Zhang D, Kim HS. Connecting cancer biology and clinical outcomes to imaging in KRAS mutant and wild-type colorectal cancer liver tumors following selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium-90. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:451-459. [PMID: 27600383 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether pathologic colorectal tumor KRAS mutation status is correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) by imaging after selective internal radiation therapy with Yttrium-90 (SIRT Y90) for metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver (mCRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an IRB approved, HIPAA compliant retrospective cohort study. Consecutive patients with unresectable mCRC with documented KRAS mutation status treated at a single center from 2002 to 2013 with SIRT Y90 were investigated. Treatment response was compared between KRAS wild-type (wt) and mutant (mut) using an anatomic tumor response criteria based on RECIST 1.0. Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox regression analysis were used to measure progression-free survival (PFS) and to assess independent prognostic factors for PFS. RESULTS 82 of 186 patients met review criteria. 33 (40.2%) patients were identified as KRAS mut. PFS was longer in KRAS wt (median 166 days [95% CI 96-258 days]) vs. mut (median 91 days [95% CI 79-104 days], p = 0.002). KRAS mut patients were 1.48 times more likely to progress at first follow-up imaging than wt (95% CI 1.06-2.08, p = 0.024). Univariate analysis identified high pre-SIRT Y90 INR, KRAS wt, any use of anti-EGFR therapy, and post-SIRT Y90 chemotherapy as prognostic factors for longer PFS. In multivariate analysis, only KRAS wt was an independent prognostic factor for longer PFS (RR: 1.80 [95% CI 1.08-2.99], p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Longer PFS is associated with KRAS wt vs. mut following SIRT Y90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Magnetta
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anish Ghodadra
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Lahti
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Minzhi Xing
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, 330 Cedar Street TE 2-224, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hyun S Kim
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, 330 Cedar Street TE 2-224, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Zhao B, Hu W, Kumar S, Gonyo P, Rana U, Liu Z, Wang B, Duong WQ, Yang Z, Williams CL, Miao QR. The Nogo-B receptor promotes Ras plasma membrane localization and activation. Oncogene 2017; 36:3406-3416. [PMID: 28068323 PMCID: PMC5472485 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The localization of prenylated Ras at the plasma membrane promotes activation of Ras by receptor tyrosine kinases and stimulates oncogenic signaling by mutant Ras. The Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) is a transmembrane receptor that contains a conserved hydrophobic pocket. Here, we demonstrate that the NgBR promotes the membrane accumulation of Ras by directly binding prenylated Ras at the plasma membrane. We show that NgBR knockdown diminishes the membrane localization of Ras in multiple cell types. NgBR overexpression in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts increases membrane-associated Ras, induces the transformed phenotype in vitro, and promotes the formation of fibrosarcoma in nude mice. NgBR knockdown in human breast cancer cells reduces Ras membrane localization, inhibits EGF-stimulated Ras signaling, and diminishes tumorigenesis of xenografts in nude mice. Our data demonstrate that NgBR is a unique receptor that promotes accumulation of prenylated Ras at the plasma membrane and promotes EGF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Key Laboratory of Separation Science, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - W Hu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - S Kumar
- Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - P Gonyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - U Rana
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - B Wang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - W Q Duong
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - C L Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Q R Miao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Divisions of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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