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Zhang Y, Xiong M, Chen Z, Seabra G, Liu J, Li C, Cui L. Design Principle of Heparanase Inhibitors: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Study. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1032-1040. [PMID: 39015272 PMCID: PMC11247634 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Overexpression of HPSE is associated with various types of cancer, inflammation, and immune disorders, making it a highly promising therapeutic target. Previously developed HPSE inhibitors that have advanced to clinical trials are polysaccharide-derived compounds or their mimetics; however, these molecules tend to suffer from poor bioavailability, side effects via targeting other saccharide binding proteins, and heterogeneity. Few small-molecule inhibitors have progressed to the preclinical or clinical stages, leaving a gap in HPSE drug discovery. In this study, a novel small molecule that can inhibit HPSE activity was discovered through high-throughput screening (HTS) using an ultrasensitive HPSE probe. Computational tools were employed to elucidate the mechanisms of inhibition. The essential structural features of the hit compound were summarized into a structure-activity relationship (SAR) theory, providing insights into the future design of HPSE small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Meijun Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Gustavo Seabra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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2
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Ramezani A, Tafazoli A, Salimi F, Ghavami M, Arjmandi H, Khalesi B, Hashemi ZS, Khalili S. Current knowledge on therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostics applications of exosomes in multiple myeloma: Opportunities and challenges. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 756:109994. [PMID: 38626818 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between the plasma cells and the BM microenvironment of Multiple myeloma (MM) take place through factors such as exosomes. Many studies have confirmed the role of exosomes in these interactions. By carrying proteins, cytokines, lipids, microRNAs, etc. as their cargo, exosomes can regulate the interactions between MM plasma cells and neighboring cells and participate in the signaling between cancer cells and the environment. It has been shown that MM-derived exosomes can induce angiogenesis, enhance osteoblast activity, confer drug resistance, and have immunosuppressive properties. Abnormal cargos in endosomes originating from MM patients, can be used as a cancer biomarker to detect or screen early prognosis in MM patients. The native nanostructure of exosomes, in addition to their biocompatibility, stability, and safety, make them excellent candidates for therapeutic, drug delivery, and immunomodulatory applications against MM. On the other hand, exosomes derived from dendritic cells (DC) may be used as vaccines against MM. Thanks to the development of new 'omics' approaches, we anticipate to hear more about exosomes in fight against MM. In the present review, we described the most current knowledge on the role of exosomes in MM pathogenesis and their potential role as novel biomarkers and therapeutic tools in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghdas Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aida Tafazoli
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Salimi
- Production Department, Carayakhteh Co (Ltd), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahlegha Ghavami
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Hanie Arjmandi
- Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran.
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj 3197619751, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Riccardi F, Tangredi C, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Targeted therapy for multiple myeloma: an overview on CD138-based strategies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370854. [PMID: 38655136 PMCID: PMC11035824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of plasma cells primarily in the bone marrow. Although its treatment consists of the administration of combined therapy regimens mainly based on immunomodulators and proteosome inhibitors, MM remains incurable, and most patients suffer from relapsed/refractory disease with poor prognosis and survival. The robust results achieved by immunotherapy targeting MM-associated antigens CD38 and CD319 (also known as SLAMF7) have drawn attention to the development of new immune-based strategies and different innovative compounds in the treatment of MM, including new monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, recombinant proteins, synthetic peptides, and adaptive cellular therapies. In this context, Syndecan1 (CD138 or SDC1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is upregulated in malignant plasma cells, has gained increasing attention in the panorama of MM target antigens, since its key role in MM tumorigenesis, progression and aggressiveness has been largely reported. Here, our aim is to provide an overview of the most important aspects of MM disease and to investigate the molecular functions of CD138 in physiologic and malignant cell states. In addition, we will shed light on the CD138-based therapeutic approaches currently being tested in preclinical and/or clinical phases in MM and discuss their properties, mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riccardi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Carmela Tangredi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
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4
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Wu L, Zhang X, Zhao J, Yang M, Yang J, Qiu P. The therapeutic effects of marine sulfated polysaccharides on diabetic nephropathy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129269. [PMID: 38211917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Marine sulfated polysaccharide (MSP) is a natural high molecular polysaccharide containing sulfate groups, which widely exists in various marine organisms. The sources determine structural variabilities of MSPs which have high security and wide biological activities, such as anticoagulation, antitumor, antivirus, immune regulation, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant, etc. Due to the structural similarities between MSP and endogenous heparan sulfate, a majority of studies have shown that MSP can be used to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) in vivo and in vitro. In this paper, we reviewed the anti-DN activities, the dominant mechanisms and structure-activity relationship of MSPs in order to provide the overall scene of MSPs as a modality of treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Menglin Yang
- Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening &Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Hu C, Kuang C, Zhou W. Advances in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma bone disease. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1403-1410. [PMID: 38044652 PMCID: PMC10929876 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferative malignant tumor of plasma cells in bone marrow. With the aging of population in China, the incidence of MM is on the rise. Multiple myeloma bone disease (MBD) is one of the common clinical manifestations of MM, and 80%-90% of MM patients are accompanied by osteolytic lesions at the time of their first visit to the clinic. MBD not only increases the disability rate of patients, but also severely reduces the physical function of patients due to skeletal lesions and bone-related events. Currently available drugs for treating of MBD are ineffective and associated with side effects. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of MBD. It is generally believed that the increased osteoclast activity and suppressed osteoblast function are the main pathologic mechanisms for MBD. However, more and more studies have suggested that soluble molecules in the bone marrow microenvironment, including cytokines, extracellular bodies, and metabolites, play an important role in the development of MBD. Therefore, exploring the occurrence and potential molecular mechanisms for MBD from multiple perspectives, and identifying the predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets are of significance for the clinical treatment of MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Chunmei Kuang
- Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Yoo S, Choi S, Kim I, Kim IS. Hypoxic regulation of extracellular vesicles: Implications for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 363:201-220. [PMID: 37739015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication and have been implicated in cancer progression. Hypoxia, a pervasive hallmark of cancer, is known to regulate EV biogenesis and function. Hypoxic EVs contain a specific set of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, capable of reprogramming the biology and fate of recipient cells. Enhancing the intrinsic therapeutic efficacy of EVs can be achieved by strategically modifying their structure and contents. Moreover, the use of EVs as drug delivery vehicles holds great promise for cancer treatment. However, various hurdles must be overcome to enable their clinical application as cancer therapeutics. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge on the hypoxic regulation of EVs. Additionally, we will describe the underlying mechanisms by which EVs contribute to cancer progression in hypoxia and outline the progress and limitations of hypoxia-related EV therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkyeong Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Sanga Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Iljin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, South Korea.
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea; Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
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7
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Zhang Y, Cui L. Discovery and development of small-molecule heparanase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117335. [PMID: 37257254 PMCID: PMC10884955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase-1 (HPSE) is a promising yet challenging therapeutic target. It is the only known enzyme that is responsible for cleavage of heparan sulfate (HS) side chains from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), and is the key enzyme involved in the remodeling and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Overexpression of HPSE is found in various types of diseases, including cancers, inflammations, diabetes, and viral infections. Inhibiting HPSE can restore ECM functions and integrity, making the development of HPSE inhibitors a highly sought-after topic. So far, all HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials belong to the category of HS mimetics, and no small-molecule or drug-like HPSE inhibitors have made similar progress. None of the HS mimetics have been approved as drugs, with some clinical trials discontinued due to poor bioavailability, side effects, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics characteristics. Small-molecule HPSE inhibitors are, therefore, particularly appealing due to their drug-like characteristics. Advances in the chemical spaces and drug design technologies, including the increasing use of in vitro and in silico screening methods, have provided new opportunities in drug discovery. This article aims to review the discovery and development of small-molecule HPSE inhibitors via screening strategies to shed light on the future endeavors in the development of novel HPSE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Buijsers B, Maciej-Hulme M, Jacobs M, Bebber MBV, de Graaf M, Salmenov R, Parr N, Rabelink TJ, Nijenhuis T, van der Vlag J. Glycosaminoglycans and fucoidan have a protective effect on experimental glomerulonephritis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1223972. [PMID: 37475889 PMCID: PMC10354240 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1223972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is degraded during inflammation. The glycocalyx plays a pivotal role in endothelial function and is involved in many processes including binding of chemokines and cytokines, leukocyte trafficking, and preventing proteinuria. HS-based therapeutics are a promising novel class of anti-inflammatory drugs to restore a compromised endothelial glycocalyx under inflammatory conditions. Recently, we demonstrated that treatment with HS extracted from unstimulated glomerular endothelial glycocalyx (unstimulated HSglx) reduced albuminuria during anti-GBM induced glomerulonephritis. Since endothelial HS domains are distinct in unstimulated versus inflammatory conditions, we hypothesized that 1) unstimulated HSglx, 2) LPS-stimulated HSglx, 3) the HS-mimetic fucoidan and 4) the glycosaminoglycan preparation sulodexide, which is a mixture of low molecular weight heparin and dermatan sulfate, might have different beneficial effects in experimental glomerulonephritis. Methods: The effect of unstimulated HSglx, LPS HSglx, Laminaria japonica fucoidan, or sulodexide on experimental glomerulonephritis was tested in LPS-induced glomerulonephritis in mice. Analyses included urinary albumin creatinine measurement, cytokine expression in plasma and renal cortex, and renal influx of immune cells determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the observed in vivo effects were evaluated in cultured glomerular endothelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by measuring cytokine and ICAM-1 expression levels. The ability of the compounds to inhibit heparanase activity was assessed in a heparanase activity assay. Results: Treatment of mice with LPS HSglx or sulodexide near-significantly attenuated LPS-induced proteinuria. All treatments reduced plasma MCP-1 levels, whereas only fucoidan reduced IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels. Moreover, all treatments reversed cortical ICAM-1 mRNA expression and both fucoidan and sulodexide reversed cortical IL-6 and nephrin mRNA expression. Sulodexide decreased renal influx of CD45+ immune cells whereas renal influx of macrophages and granulocytes remained unaltered for all treatments. Although all compounds inhibited HPSE activity, fucoidan and sulodexide were the most potent inhibitors. Notably, fucoidan and sulodexide decreased LPS-induced mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6 by cultured glomerular endothelial cells. Conclusion: Our data show a potentially protective effect of glycosaminoglycans and fucoidan in experimental glomerulonephritis. Future research should be aimed at the further identification of defined HS structures that have therapeutic potential in the treatment of glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baranca Buijsers
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marissa Maciej-Hulme
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Jacobs
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marinka Bakker-van Bebber
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark de Graaf
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rustem Salmenov
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Naomi Parr
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Vlodavsky I, Kayal Y, Hilwi M, Soboh S, Sanderson RD, Ilan N. Heparanase-A single protein with multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions. PROTEOGLYCAN RESEARCH 2023; 1:e6. [PMID: 37547889 PMCID: PMC10398610 DOI: 10.1002/pgr2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpa1) is expressed by tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment and functions extracellularly to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate the bioavailability of ECM-bound factors, augmenting, among other effects, gene transcription, autophagy, exosome formation, and heparan sulfate (HS) turnover. Much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The enzyme appears to fulfill some normal functions associated, for example, with vesicular traffic, lysosomal-based secretion, autophagy, HS turnover, and gene transcription. It activates cells of the innate immune system, promotes the formation of exosomes and autophagosomes, and stimulates signal transduction pathways via enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities. These effects dynamically impact multiple regulatory pathways that together drive tumor growth, dissemination, and drug resistance as well as inflammatory responses. The emerging premise is that heparanase expressed by tumor cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and other cells of the tumor microenvironment is a key regulator of the aggressive phenotype of cancer, an important contributor to the poor outcome of cancer patients and a valid target for therapy. So far, however, antiheparanase-based therapy has not been implemented in the clinic. Unlike heparanase, heparanase-2 (Hpa2), a close homolog of heparanase (Hpa1), does not undergo proteolytic processing and hence lacks intrinsic HS-degrading activity, the hallmark of heparanase. Hpa2 retains the capacity to bind heparin/HS and exhibits an even higher affinity towards HS than heparanase, thus competing for HS binding and inhibiting heparanase enzymatic activity. It appears that Hpa2 functions as a natural inhibitor of Hpa1 regulates the expression of selected genes that maintain tissue hemostasis and normal function, and plays a protective role against cancer and inflammation, together emphasizing the significance of maintaining a proper balance between Hpa1 and Hpa2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Yasmin Kayal
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Maram Hilwi
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Soaad Soboh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Neta Ilan
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, TechnionRappaport Faculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael
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Zhang J, Li K, Sun HR, Sun SK, Zhu YT, Ge YT, Wu YX, Zhou QY, Li GT, Chang XA, Sun P, Ding Y, Han X. The heparan sulfate mimetic Muparfostat aggravates steatohepatitis in obese mice due to its binding affinity to lipoprotein lipase. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1803-1818. [PMID: 36735592 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Heparanase is the only confirmed endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS), a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan with various essential roles in multiple pathological processes. Thus, the development of heparanase inhibitors has become an attractive strategy for drug discovery, especially in tumour therapy, in which HS mimetics are the most promising compounds. The various biological effects of heparanase also suggest a role for HS mimetics in many non-cancer indications, such as type 1 diabetes. However, the potential benefits of HS mimetics in obesity-related type 2 diabetes have not been elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we investigated muparfostat (PI-88), a developed HS mimetic currently enrolled in Phase III clinical trials, in obese mouse models and in vitro cultured murine hepatocytes. KEY RESULTS Daily administration of muparfostat for 4 weeks caused hyperlipidaemia and aggravated hepatic steatosis in obese mice models, but not in lean animals. In cultured hepatocytes, muparfostat did not alter lipid accumulation. Acute tests suggested that muparfostat binds to lipoprotein lipase in competition with HS on vascular endothelial cell surfaces, thereby reducing the degradation of circulating triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase and subsequent uptake of fatty acids into vascular endothelial cells and causing hyperlipidaemia. This hyperlipidaemia aggravates hepatic steatosis and causes liver injury in muparfostat-treated obese mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The binding activity of HS mimetics to lipoprotein lipase should be investigated as an additional pharmacological effect during heparanase inhibitor drug discovery. This study also provides novel evidence for an increased risk of drug-induced liver injury in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Kun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Ge
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin-Yao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Goenka A, Khan F, Verma B, Sinha P, Dmello CC, Jogalekar MP, Gangadaran P, Ahn B. Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:525-561. [PMID: 37005490 PMCID: PMC10174093 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, among other factors. Stromal cells can adopt new phenotypes to promote tumor cell invasion. A deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions is needed to design effective intervention strategies that might interrupt these interactions. In this review, we describe the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and associated therapeutics. We discuss the clinical advances in the prevalent and newly discovered signaling pathways in the TME, the immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive chemokines, and currently used inhibitors targeting these pathways. These include both intrinsic and non-autonomous tumor cell signaling pathways in the TME: protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, Notch, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response, lactate signaling, Metabolic reprogramming, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and Siglec signaling pathways. We also discuss the recent advances in Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1), Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and Lymphocyte Activating Gene 3 (LAG3) immune checkpoint inhibitors along with the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)- C-C class chemokines 22 (CCL22)/ and 17 (CCL17), C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)- chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) chemokine signaling axis in the TME. In addition, this review provides a holistic understanding of the TME as we discuss the three-dimensional and microfluidic models of the TME, which are believed to recapitulate the original characteristics of the patient tumor and hence may be used as a platform to study new mechanisms and screen for various anti-cancer therapies. We further discuss the systemic influences of gut microbiota in TME reprogramming and treatment response. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the diverse and most critical signaling pathways in the TME, highlighting the associated newest and critical preclinical and clinical studies along with their underlying biology. We highlight the importance of the most recent technologies of microfluidics and lab-on-chip models for TME research and also present an overview of extrinsic factors, such as the inhabitant human microbiome, which have the potential to modulate TME biology and drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of NeurologyThe Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Bhupender Verma
- Department of OphthalmologySchepens Eye Research InstituteMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, 02114MAUSA
| | - Priyanka Sinha
- Department of NeurologyMassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, 02129MAUSA
| | - Crismita C. Dmello
- Department of Neurological SurgeryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicago, 60611ILUSA
| | - Manasi P. Jogalekar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, 94143CAUSA
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
| | - Byeong‐Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future TalentsDepartment of Biomedical Science, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu, 41944South Korea
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University HospitalDaegu, 41944South Korea
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12
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Alipoor SD, Chang H. Exosomal miRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071030. [PMID: 37048103 PMCID: PMC10092980 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow and is characterized by the clonal proliferation of B-cells producing defective monoclonal immunoglobulins. Despite the latest developments in treatment, drug resistance remains one of the major challenges in the therapy of MM. The crosstalk between MM cells and other components within the bone marrow microenvironment (BME) is the major determinant of disease phenotypes. Exosomes have emerged as the critical drivers of this crosstalk by allowing the delivery of informational cargo comprising multiple components from miniature peptides to nucleic acids. Such material transfers have now been shown to perpetuate drug-resistance development and disease progression in MM. MicroRNAs(miRNAs) specifically play a crucial role in this communication considering their small size that allows them to be readily packed within the exosomes and widespread potency that impacts the developmental trajectory of the disease inside the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of exosomal miRNAs in the epigenetic modifications inside the TME and its pathogenic influence on the developmental phenotypes and prognosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D. Alipoor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P5X9+7F9, Iran
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yang Y, Yuan F, Zhou H, Quan J, Liu C, Wang Y, Xiao F, Liu Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Yu X. Potential roles of heparanase in cancer therapy: Current trends and future direction. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:896-917. [PMID: 36924082 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE; heparanase-1) is an endo-β-glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. HPSE activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumor progress and angiogenesis. Several lines of literature have shown that overexpression of HPSE leads to enhanced tumor growth and metastatic transmission, as well as poor prognosis. Gene silencing of HPSE or treatment of tumor with compounds that block HPSE activity are shown to remarkably attenuate tumor progression. Therefore, targeting HPSE is considered as a potential therapeutical strategy for the treatment of cancer. Intriguingly, recent findings disclose that heparanase-2 (HPSE-2), a close homolog of HPSE but lacking enzymatic activity, can also regulate antitumor mechanisms. Given the pleiotropic roles of HPSE, further investigation is in demand to determine the precise mechanism of regulating action of HPSE in different cancer settings. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of HPSE, such as its structure, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution. Furthermore, we systematically review the pro- and antitumorigenic roles and mechanisms of HPSE in cancer progress. In addition, we delineate HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chongyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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14
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Revisiting the Syndecans: Master Signaling Regulators with Prognostic and Targetable Therapeutic Values in Breast Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061794. [PMID: 36980680 PMCID: PMC10046401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecans (SDC1 to 4), a family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are frequently expressed in mammalian tissues. SDCs are aberrantly expressed either on tumor or stromal cells, influencing cancer initiation and progression through their pleiotropic role in different signaling pathways relevant to proliferation, cell-matrix adhesion, migration, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the key roles of SDCs in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in females worldwide, focusing on the prognostic significance and molecular regulators of SDC expression and localization in either breast tumor tissue or its microenvironmental cells and the SDC-dependent epithelial–mesenchymal transition program. This review also highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of SDCs in regulating breast cancer cell behavior via modulation of nuclear hormone receptor signaling, microRNA expression, and exosome biogenesis and functions, as well as summarizing the potential of SDCs as promising candidate targets for therapeutic strategies against breast cancer.
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15
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Díaz-Cornejo S, Otero MC, Banerjee A, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F. Biological properties of exopolysaccharides produced by Bacillus spp. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127276. [PMID: 36525789 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a constant search for ecofriendly bioproducts, which could contribute to various biomedical applications. Among bioproducts, exopolysaccharides are prominent contemporary extracellular biopolymers that are produced by a great variety of bacterial species. These homo- or heteropolymers are composed of monomeric sugar units linked by glycosidic bonds, which are secreted to the external medium. Bacillus spp. are reported to be present in different ecosystems and produce exopolysaccharides with different biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral anti-inflammatory, among others. Since a great diversity of bacterial strains are able to produce exopolysaccharides, a great variation in the molecular composition is observed, which is indeed present in some of the chemical structures predicted until date. These molecular characteristics and their relations with different biological functions are discussed in order to visualize future applications in biomedical section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Díaz-Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel, 3605 Talca, Chile
| | - María Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aparna Banerjee
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel, 3605 Talca, Chile.
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16
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Borlandelli V, Armstrong Z, Nin‐Hill A, Codée JDC, Raich L, Artola M, Rovira C, Davies GJ, Overkleeft HS. 4-O-Substituted Glucuronic Cyclophellitols are Selective Mechanism-Based Heparanase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200580. [PMID: 36533564 PMCID: PMC10947206 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) supports tissue integrity and homeostasis, but is also a key factor in cancer metastasis. Heparanase (HPSE) is a mammalian ECM-remodeling enzyme with β-D-endo-glucuronidase activity overexpressed in several malignancies, and is thought to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. By this virtue, HPSE is considered an attractive target for the development of cancer therapies, yet to date no HPSE inhibitors have progressed to the clinic. Here we report on the discovery of glucurono-configured cyclitol derivatives featuring simple substituents at the 4-O-position as irreversible HPSE inhibitors. We show that these compounds, unlike glucurono-cyclophellitol, are selective for HPSE over β-D-exo-glucuronidase (GUSB), also in platelet lysate. The observed selectivity is induced by steric and electrostatic interactions of the substituents at the 4-O-position. Crystallographic analysis supports this rationale for HPSE selectivity, and computer simulations provide insights in the conformational preferences and binding poses of the inhibitors, which we believe are good starting points for the future development of HPSE-targeting antimetastatic cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Borlandelli
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Zachary Armstrong
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryYork Structural Biology LaboratoryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYO10 5DDYorkUK
| | - Alba Nin‐Hill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Lluís Raich
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
- Current address: Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceFreie Universität Berlin14195BerlinGermany
| | - Marta Artola
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Department of ChemistryYork Structural Biology LaboratoryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYO10 5DDYorkUK
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Bio-organic SynthesisLeiden Institute of Chemistry (LIC)Leiden UniversityGorlaeus LaboratoriesEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeidenThe Netherlands
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17
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Liao YE, Liu J, Arnold K. Heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins in sepsis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1146685. [PMID: 36865384 PMCID: PMC9971734 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1146685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HSs) are the main components in the glycocalyx which covers endothelial cells and modulates vascular homeostasis through interactions with multiple Heparan sulfate binding proteins (HSBPs). During sepsis, heparanase increases and induces HS shedding. The process causes glycocalyx degradation, exacerbating inflammation and coagulation in sepsis. The circulating heparan sulfate fragments may serve as a host defense system by neutralizing dysregulated Heparan sulfate binding proteins or pro-inflammatory molecules in certain circumstances. Understanding heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins in health and sepsis is critical to decipher the dysregulated host response in sepsis and advance drug development. In this review, we will overview the current understanding of HS in glycocalyx under septic condition and the dysfunctional heparan sulfate binding proteins as potential drug targets, particularly, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and histones. Moreover, several drug candidates based on heparan sulfates or related to heparan sulfates, such as heparanase inhibitors or heparin-binding protein (HBP), will be discussed regarding their recent advances. By applying chemical or chemoenzymatic approaches, the structure-function relationship between heparan sulfates and heparan sulfate binding proteins is recently revealed with structurally defined heparan sulfates. Such homogenous heparan sulfates may further facilitate the investigation of the role of heparan sulfates in sepsis and the development of carbohydrate-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-En Liao
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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18
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Tripathi K, Bandari SK, Sanderson RD. Extracellular vesicles released during hypoxia transport heparanase and enhance macrophage migration, endothelial tube formation and cancer cell stemness. PROTEOGLYCAN RESEARCH 2023; 1:e1. [PMID: 37091070 PMCID: PMC10117102 DOI: 10.1002/pgr2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase is upregulated during the progression of most cancers and via its enzyme activity promotes extracellular matrix degradation, angiogenesis and cell migration. Heparanase expression is often associated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance. We previously demonstrated that increased heparanase expression in tumor cells enhances secretion and alters the composition of tumor-released exosomes. In the present study, we discovered that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human multiple myeloma cells growing in hypoxic conditions exhibited elevated levels of heparanase cargo compared to EVs from cells growing in normoxic conditions. When macrophages (RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage-like cells) were exposed to EVs released by tumor cells growing in either hypoxic or normoxic conditions, macrophage migration and invasion was elevated by EVs from hypoxic conditions. The elevated invasion of macrophages was blocked by a monoclonal antibody that inhibits heparanase enzyme activity. Moreover, the heparanase-bearing EVs from hypoxic cells greatly enhanced endothelial cell tube formation consistent with the known role of heparanase in promoting angiogenesis. EVs from hypoxic tumor cells when compared with EVs from normoxic cells also enhanced cancer stemness properties of both CAG and RPMI 8226 human myeloma cells. Together these data indicate that under hypoxic conditions, tumor cells secrete EVs having an elevated level of heparanase as cargo. These EVs can act on both tumor and non-tumor cells, enhancing tumor progression and tumor cell stemness that likely supports chemoresistance and relapse of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Present address:
Building 29B, Room 5NN Suite 22, Lab 5NN11, Molecular Pathology SectionLab of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH9000 Rockville PikeBethesdaMaryland20892USA
| | - Shyam K. Bandari
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Present address:
Exelixis1851 Harbor Bay ParkwayAlamedaCalifornia94502USA
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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Hua SH, Viera M, Yip GW, Bay BH. Theranostic Applications of Glycosaminoglycans in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010266. [PMID: 36612261 PMCID: PMC9818616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) makes up the majority of kidney cancers, with a poor prognosis for metastatic RCC (mRCC). Challenges faced in the management of mRCC, include a lack of reliable prognostic markers and biomarkers for precise monitoring of disease treatment, together with the potential risk of toxicity associated with more recent therapeutic options. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of carbohydrates that can be categorized into four main subclasses, viz., chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate. GAGs are known to be closely associated with cancer progression and modulation of metastasis by modification of the tumor microenvironment. Alterations of expression, composition and spatiotemporal distribution of GAGs in the extracellular matrix (ECM), dysregulate ECM functions and drive cancer invasion. In this review, we focus on the clinical utility of GAGs as biomarkers for mRCC (which is important for risk stratification and strategizing effective treatment protocols), as well as potential therapeutic targets that could benefit patients afflicted with advanced RCC. Besides GAG-targeted therapies that holds promise in mRCC, other potential strategies include utilizing GAGs as drug carriers and their mimetics to counter cancer progression, and enhance immunotherapy through binding and transducing signals for immune mediators.
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20
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Massironi N, Colombo M, Cosentino C, Fiandra L, Mauri M, Kayal Y, Testa F, Torri G, Urso E, Vismara E, Vlodavsky I. Heparin-Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207116. [PMID: 36296711 PMCID: PMC9611043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were engineered with an organic coating composed of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), providing heparin-based nanoparticle systems (LMWH@SPIONs). The purpose was to merge the properties of the heparin skeleton and an inorganic core to build up a targeted theranostic nanosystem, which was eventually enhanced by loading a chemotherapeutic agent. Iron oxide cores were prepared via the co-precipitation of iron salts in an alkaline environment and oleic acid (OA) capping. Dopamine (DA) was covalently linked to BSA and LMWH by amide linkages via carbodiimide coupling. The following ligand exchange reaction between the DA-BSA/DA-LMWH and OA was conducted in a biphasic system composed of water and hexane, affording LMWH@SPIONs stabilized in water by polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Their size and morphology were investigated via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The LMWH@SPIONs’ cytotoxicity was tested, showing marginal or no toxicity for samples prepared with PSS at concentrations of 50 µg/mL. Their inhibitory activity on the heparanase enzyme was measured, showing an effective inhibition at concentrations comparable to G4000 (N-desulfo-N-acetyl heparin, a non-anticoagulant and antiheparanase heparin derivative; Roneparstat). The LMWH@SPION encapsulation of paclitaxel (PTX) enhanced the antitumor effect of this chemotherapeutic on breast cancer cells, likely due to an improved internalization of the nanoformulated drug with respect to the free molecule. Lastly, time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) experiments were conducted on LMWH@SPIONs obtaining relaxivity values within the same order of magnitude as currently used commercial contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Massironi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Cosentino
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Fiandra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mauri
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Yasmina Kayal
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 2611001, Israel
| | - Filippo Testa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Torri
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (E.V.); Tel.: +39-02-7064-1624 (G.T.); +39-02-2399-3088 (E.V.)
| | - Elena Urso
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “Giuliana Ronzoni”, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vismara
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (E.V.); Tel.: +39-02-7064-1624 (G.T.); +39-02-2399-3088 (E.V.)
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 2611001, Israel
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21
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Tiwari A, Trivedi R, Lin SY. Tumor microenvironment: barrier or opportunity towards effective cancer therapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:83. [PMID: 36253762 PMCID: PMC9575280 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a specialized ecosystem of host components, designed by tumor cells for successful development and metastasis of tumor. With the advent of 3D culture and advanced bioinformatic methodologies, it is now possible to study TME’s individual components and their interplay at higher resolution. Deeper understanding of the immune cell’s diversity, stromal constituents, repertoire profiling, neoantigen prediction of TMEs has provided the opportunity to explore the spatial and temporal regulation of immune therapeutic interventions. The variation of TME composition among patients plays an important role in determining responders and non-responders towards cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, there could be a possibility of reprogramming of TME components to overcome the widely prevailing issue of immunotherapeutic resistance. The focus of the present review is to understand the complexity of TME and comprehending future perspective of its components as potential therapeutic targets. The later part of the review describes the sophisticated 3D models emerging as valuable means to study TME components and an extensive account of advanced bioinformatic tools to profile TME components and predict neoantigens. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive account of the current knowledge available to target TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadhya Tiwari
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Rakesh Trivedi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
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23
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Abstract
Cancer growth is accompanied by changes to the extracellular environment of tumors, which aids the proliferation and spread of cancer cells. Cancer-associated extracellular matrix changes include excessive degradation of heparan sulfate carbohydrates, promoting metastatic spread by multiple mechanisms. Heparanase is the main human enzyme responsible for extracellular heparan sulfate breakdown and strongly drives metastasis when overexpressed. Few effective heparanase inhibitors are known, and the most effective molecules to date possess nondrug-like structures with multiple off-target effects. We have carried out structure-guided development of heparanase inhibitors, which covalently bind to the enzyme active site to cause irreversible inhibition. These inhibitors are heparanase specific and reduce metastasis in animal models with comparable efficacy to current “best-in-class” compounds. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) mediate essential interactions throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing signals that regulate cellular growth and development. Altered HSPG composition during tumorigenesis strongly aids cancer progression. Heparanase (HPSE) is the principal enzyme responsible for extracellular heparan sulfate catabolism and is markedly up-regulated in aggressive cancers. HPSE overactivity degrades HSPGs within the ECM, facilitating metastatic dissemination and releasing mitogens that drive cellular proliferation. Reducing extracellular HPSE activity reduces cancer growth, but few effective inhibitors are known, and none are clinically approved. Inspired by the natural glycosidase inhibitor cyclophellitol, we developed nanomolar mechanism-based, irreversible HPSE inhibitors that are effective within physiological environments. Application of cyclophellitol-derived HPSE inhibitors reduces cancer aggression in cellulo and significantly ameliorates murine metastasis. Mechanism-based irreversible HPSE inhibition is an unexplored anticancer strategy. We demonstrate the feasibility of such compounds to control pathological HPSE-driven malignancies.
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24
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Kines RC, Schiller JT. Harnessing Human Papillomavirus’ Natural Tropism to Target Tumors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081656. [PMID: 36016277 PMCID: PMC9413966 DOI: 10.3390/v14081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are small non-enveloped DNA tumor viruses established as the primary etiological agent for the development of cervical cancer. Decades of research have elucidated HPV’s primary attachment factor to be heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Importantly, wounding and exposure of the epithelial basement membrane was found to be pivotal for efficient attachment and infection of HPV in vivo. Sulfation patterns on HSPG’s become modified at the site of wounds as they serve an important role promoting tissue healing, cell proliferation and neovascularization and it is these modifications recognized by HPV. Analogous HSPG modification patterns can be found on tumor cells as they too require the aforementioned processes to grow and metastasize. Although targeting tumor associated HSPG is not a novel concept, the use of HPV to target and treat tumors has only been realized in recent years. The work herein describes how decades of basic HPV research has culminated in the rational design of an HPV-based virus-like infrared light activated dye conjugate for the treatment of choroidal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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25
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Yang Z, Chen S, Ying H, Yao W. Targeting Syndecan-1: New Opportunities in Cancer Therapy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C29-C45. [PMID: 35584326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00024.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1, CD138) is one of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans and is essential for maintaining normal cell morphology, interacting with extracellular and intracellular protein repertoire as well as mediating signaling transduction upon environmental stimuli. The critical role of SDC1 in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis has been increasingly recognized in various cancer types, implying a promising potential of utilizing SDC1 as a novel target for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on SDC1 structure and functions, including its role in tumor biology. We also discuss the highlights and limitations of current SDC1-targeted therapies as well as the obstacles in developing new therapeutic methods, offering our perspective on the future directions to target SDC1 for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecheng Yang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shuaitong Chen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wantong Yao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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26
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Shi J, Kanoya R, Tani Y, Ishikawa S, Maeda R, Suzuki S, Kawanami F, Miyagawa N, Takahashi K, Oku T, Yamamoto A, Fukuzawa K, Nakajima M, Irimura T, Higashi N. Sulfated Hyaluronan Binds to Heparanase and Blocks Its Enzymatic and Cellular Actions in Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095055. [PMID: 35563446 PMCID: PMC9102160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether sulfated hyaluronan exerts inhibitory effects on enzymatic and biological actions of heparanase, a sole endo-beta-glucuronidase implicated in cancer malignancy and inflammation. Degradation of heparan sulfate by human and mouse heparanase was inhibited by sulfated hyaluronan. In particular, high-sulfated hyaluronan modified with approximately 2.5 sulfate groups per disaccharide unit effectively inhibited the enzymatic activity at a lower concentration than heparin. Human and mouse heparanase bound to immobilized sulfated hyaluronan. Invasion of heparanase-positive colon-26 cells and 4T1 cells under 3D culture conditions was significantly suppressed in the presence of high-sulfated hyaluronan. Heparanase-induced release of CCL2 from colon-26 cells was suppressed in the presence of sulfated hyaluronan via blocking of cell surface binding and subsequent intracellular NF-κB-dependent signaling. The inhibitory effect of sulfated hyaluronan is likely due to competitive binding to the heparanase molecule, which antagonizes the heparanase-substrate interaction. Fragment molecular orbital calculation revealed a strong binding of sulfated hyaluronan tetrasaccharide to the heparanase molecule based on electrostatic interactions, particularly characterized by interactions of (−1)- and (−2)-positioned sulfated sugar residues with basic amino acid residues composing the heparin-binding domain-1 of heparanase. These results propose a relevance for sulfated hyaluronan in the blocking of heparanase-mediated enzymatic and cellular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Riku Kanoya
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Yurina Tani
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Sodai Ishikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Rino Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Sana Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Fumiya Kawanami
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Teruaki Oku
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan;
| | - Ami Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Kaori Fukuzawa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (A.Y.); (K.F.)
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6019, Japan;
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Division of Glycobiologics, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 104-8520, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Higashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 144-8501, Japan; (J.S.); (R.K.); (Y.T.); (S.I.); (R.M.); (S.S.); (F.K.); (N.M.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5498-5775
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27
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Identification of Novel Potential Heparanase Inhibitors Using Virtual Screening. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (HPSE) is a mammalian endo-β-D-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulphate (HS) side chains of heparin sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG), a class of molecules composed of repeating polysulfated disaccharide units of glucosamine and hexuronic acid residues. HPSE controls the availability of growth factors, chemokines, lipoproteins and other bioactive molecules by degrading HS into smaller fractions, allowing the release of saccharide fragments that activate a plethora of signaling processes. HPSE overexpression has been correlated with tumor survival and metastasis as well as several diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the search for molecules that could potentially inhibit HPSE has become increasingly relevant in the clinic. In this study, we have integrated a strategy that combines virtual screening and molecular docking of publicly available chemical databases to identify small compounds that can be developed into novel HPSE inhibitors. Structural rationalization of the interactions previously reported compounds led us to identify promising unexplored chemotypes. Here we show that these novel potential HPSE inhibitors present optimized in silico druggability and docking properties and may serve as pharmacological tools for the treatment of chronic and infectious diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
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28
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Spijkers-Shaw S, Campbell K, Shields NJ, Miller JH, Rendle PM, Jiao W, Young SL, Zubkova OV. Synthesis of novel glycolipid mimetics of heparan sulfate and their application in colorectal cancer treatment in a mouse model. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200228. [PMID: 35427432 PMCID: PMC9324168 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated natural carbohydrate that plays crucial roles in cancer, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Heparanase (HPSE) is the sole HS degrading endoglycosidase that cleaves HS at structure‐dependent sites along the polysaccharide chain. Overexpression of HPSE by cancer cells correlates with increased tumor size and enhanced metastasis. Previously we have shown that a tetramer HS mimetic is a potent HPSE inhibitor displaying remarkable anticancer activity in vivo. Building on that work, we report the synthesis and testing of a novel library of single entity trimer glycolipid mimetics that effectively inhibit HPSE at low nanomolar concentrations. A lipophilic arm was introduced to assess whether an improvement of pharmacokinetics and plasma residence time would offset the reduction in charge and multivalency. Preclinical tests in a mouse syngeneic model showed effective tumor growth inhibition by the tetramer but not the trimer glycomimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Spijkers-Shaw
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Katrin Campbell
- University of Otago Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine NEW ZEALAND
| | - Nicholas J. Shields
- The University of Sydney School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health AUSTRALIA
| | - John H. Miller
- Victoria University of Wellington School of Biological sciences Wellington NEW ZEALAND
| | - Phillip M. Rendle
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Wanting Jiao
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Sarah L. Young
- The University of Sydney School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health AUSTRALIA
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Victoria Universtity of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute 69 Gracefield RdGracefield Research Centre 5040 Lower Hutt NEW ZEALAND
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29
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Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). GAGs can interact with a variety of binding partners and thereby influence cancer progression on multiple levels. GAGs can modulate growth factor and chemokine signaling, invasion and metastasis formation. Moreover, GAGs are able to change the physical property of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Abnormalities in GAG abundance and structure (e.g., sulfation patterns and molecular weight) are found across various cancer types and show biomarker potential. Targeting GAGs, as well as the usage of GAGs and their mimetics, are promising approaches to interfere with cancer progression. In addition, GAGs can be used as drug and cytokine carriers to induce an anti-tumor response. In this review, we summarize the role of GAGs in cancer and the potential use of GAGs and GAG derivatives to target cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Wieboldt
- Laboratories for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratories for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Shrestha P, Katta K, Talsma D, Naggi A, Hillebrands JL, van de Sluis B, van den Born J. Prevention of Triglyceridemia by (Non-)Anticoagulant Heparin(oids) Does Not Preclude Transplant Vasculopathy and Glomerulosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:798088. [PMID: 35345850 PMCID: PMC8957085 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.798088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In renal transplantation, chronic transplant dysfunction (CTD) is associated with increased PCSK9 and dyslipidemia. PCSK9 is an enzyme that increases plasma cholesterol levels by downregulating LDLR expression. We recently showed increased PCSK9-syndecan-1 interaction in conditions of proteinuria and renal function loss. Treatment with heparin(oids) might be a therapeutic option to improve dyslipidemia and CTD. We investigated the effects of (non-)anticoagulant heparin(oids) on serum lipids, syndecan-1 and PCSK9 levels, and CTD development. Methods: Kidney allotransplantation was performed from female Dark Agouti to male Wistar Furth recipients. Transplanted rats received daily subcutaneous injections of saline, unfractionated heparin, and RO-heparin or NAc-heparin (2 mg heparin(oid)/kg BW) until sacrifice after 9 weeks of treatment. Results: Saline-treated recipients developed hypertension, proteinuria, and loss of creatinine clearance (all p < 0.05 compared to baseline), along with glomerulosclerosis and arterial neo-intima formation. Saline-treated recipients showed significant increase in plasma triglycerides (p < 0.05), borderline increase in non-HDLc/HDLc (p = 0.051), and ∼10-fold increase in serum syndecan-1 (p < 0.05), without significant increase in serum PCSK9 at 8 weeks compared to baseline. Heparin and non-anticoagulant RO-heparin administration in transplanted rats completely prevented an increase in triglycerides compared to saline-treated recipients at 8 weeks (both p < 0.05). Heparin(oids) treatment did not influence serum total cholesterol (TC), plasma syndecan-1 and PCSK9 levels, creatinine clearance, proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and arterial neo-intima formation, 8 weeks after transplantation. Combining all groups, increased syndecan-1 shedding was associated with TC (r = 0.5; p = 0.03) and glomerulosclerosis (r = 0.53; p = 0.021), whereas the non-HDLc/HDLc ratio was associated with the neo-intimal score in the transplanted kidneys (r = 0.65; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Prevention of triglyceridemia by (non-)anticoagulant heparin(oids) neither influenced PCSK9/syndecan-1 nor precluded CTD, which however did associate with the shedding of lipoprotein clearance receptor syndecan-1 and the unfavorable cholesterol profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyi Shrestha
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kirankumar Katta
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ditmer Talsma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Medical Biology-Pathology Division, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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31
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Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Casciaro M, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071128. [PMID: 35406692 PMCID: PMC8997895 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin containing cytokines, RNAs, growth factors, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They have been identified as fundamental intercellular communication controllers in several diseases and an enormous volume of data confirmed that exosomes could either sustain or inhibit tumor onset and diffusion in diverse solid and hematological malignancies by paracrine signaling. Thus, exosomes might constitute a promising cell-free tumor treatment alternative. This review focuses on the effects of exosomes in the treatment of tumors, by discussing the most recent and promising data from in vitro and experimental in vivo studies and the few existing clinical trials. Exosomes are extremely promising as transporters of drugs, antagomir, genes, and other therapeutic substances that can be integrated into their core via different procedures. Moreover, exosomes can augment or inhibit non-coding RNAs, change the metabolism of cancer cells, and modify the function of immunologic effectors thus modifying the tumor microenvironment transforming it from pro-tumor to antitumor milieu. Here, we report the development of currently realized exosome modifiers that offer indications for the forthcoming elaboration of other more effective methods capable of enhancing the activity of the exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused over 5 million deaths worldwide. Pneumonia and systemic inflammation contribute to its high mortality. Many viruses use heparan sulfate proteoglycans as coreceptors for viral entry, and heparanase (HPSE) is a known regulator of both viral entry and inflammatory cytokines. We evaluated the heparanase inhibitor Roneparstat, a modified heparin with minimum anticoagulant activity, in pathophysiology and therapy for COVID-19. We found that Roneparstat significantly decreased the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and retroviruses (human T-lymphotropic virus 1 [HTLV-1] and HIV-1) in vitro. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COVID-19 patients revealed a marked increase in HPSE gene expression in CD68+ macrophages compared to healthy controls. Elevated levels of HPSE expression in macrophages correlated with the severity of COVID-19 and the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes, including IL6, TNF, IL1B, and CCL2. In line with this finding, we found a marked induction of HPSE and numerous inflammatory cytokines in human macrophages challenged with SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. Treatment with Roneparstat significantly attenuated SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein-mediated inflammatory cytokine release from human macrophages, through disruption of NF-κB signaling. HPSE knockdown in a macrophage cell line also showed diminished inflammatory cytokine production during S1 protein challenge. Taken together, this study provides a proof of concept that heparanase is a target for SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathogenesis and that Roneparstat may serve as a dual-targeted therapy to reduce viral infection and inflammation in COVID-19. IMPORTANCE The complex pathogenesis of COVID-19 consists of two major pathological phases: an initial infection phase elicited by SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication and an inflammation phase that could lead to tissue damage, which can evolve into acute respiratory failure or even death. While the development and deployment of vaccines are ongoing, effective therapy for COVID-19 is still urgently needed. In this study, we explored HPSE blockade with Roneparstat, a phase I clinically tested HPSE inhibitor, in the context of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Treatment with Roneparstat showed wide-spectrum anti-infection activities against SARS-CoV-2, HTLV-1, and HIV-1 in vitro. In addition, HPSE blockade with Roneparstat significantly attenuated SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein-induced inflammatory cytokine release from human macrophages through disruption of NF-κB signaling. Together, this study provides a proof of principle for the use of Roneparstat as a dual-targeting therapy for COVID-19 to decrease viral infection and dampen the proinflammatory immune response mediated by macrophages.
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33
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Kinaneh S, Hijaze W, Mansour-Wattad L, Hammoud R, Zaidani H, Kabala A, Hamoud S. Heparanase Inhibition Prevents Liver Steatosis in E 0 Mice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061672. [PMID: 35329997 PMCID: PMC8954723 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects up to 30% of adults in the USA, and is associated with a higher incidence of chronic liver morbidity and mortality. Several molecular pathways are involved in the pathology of liver steatosis, including lipid uptake, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and beta-oxidation. The enzyme heparanase has been implicated in liver steatosis. Herein, we investigated the effect of heparanase inhibition on liver steatosis in E0 mice. Methods: In vivo experiments: Male wild-type mice fed with either chow diet (n = 4) or high-fat diet (n = 6), and male E0 mice fed with chow diet (n = 8) or high-fat diet (n = 33) were included. Mice on a high-fat diet were treated for 12 weeks with PG545 at low dose (6.4 mg/kg/week, ip, n = 6) or high dose (13.3 mg/kg/week, ip, n = 7), SST0001 (1.2 mg/mouse/day, ip, n = 6), or normal saline (control, n = 14). Animals were sacrificed two days after inducing peritonitis. Serum was analyzed for biochemical parameters. Mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) were harvested and analyzed for lipid content. Livers were harvested for histopathological analysis of steatosis, lipid content, and the expression of steatosis-related factors at the mRNA level. In vitro experiments: MPMs were isolated from untreated E0 mice aged 8–10 weeks and were cultured and treated with either PG545 or SST0001, both at 50 µg/mL for 24 h, followed by assessment of mRNA expression of steatosis related factors. Results: Heparanase inhibition significantly attenuated the development of liver steatosis, as was evident by liver histology and lipid content. Serum analysis indicated lowering of cholesterol and triglycerides levels in mice treated with heparanase inhibitors. In liver tissue, assessment of mRNA expression of key factors in lipid uptake, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and beta-oxidation exhibited significant downregulation following PG545 treatment and to a lesser extent when SST0001 was applied. However, in vitro treatment of MPMs with PG545, but not SST0001, resulted in increased lipid content in these cells, which is opposed to their effect on MPMs of treated mice. This may indicate distinct regulatory pathways in the system or isolated macrophages following heparanase inhibition. Conclusion: Heparanase inhibition significantly attenuates the development of liver steatosis by decreasing tissue lipid content and by affecting the mRNA expression of key lipid metabolism regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Kinaneh
- Department of Physiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Walaa Hijaze
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (W.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lana Mansour-Wattad
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Rawan Hammoud
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 9101001, Israel;
| | - Hisam Zaidani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (W.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Aviva Kabala
- Department of Physiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (S.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Shadi Hamoud
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-7772300; Fax: +972-4-7771691
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Guo S, Wu X, Lei T, Zhong R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Shi Y, Wu L. The Role and Therapeutic Value of Syndecan-1 in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:784983. [PMID: 35118073 PMCID: PMC8804279 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and relapse are major causes of cancer-related fatalities. The elucidation of relevant pathomechanisms and adoption of appropriate countermeasures are thus crucial for the development of clinical strategies that inhibit malignancy progression as well as metastasis. An integral component of the extracellular matrix, the type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein syndecan-1 (SDC-1) binds cytokines and growth factors involved in tumor microenvironment modulation. Alterations in its localization have been implicated in both cancer metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, available data regarding the structural characteristics, shedding process, and nuclear translocation of SDC-1 are detailed with the aim of highlighting strategies directly targeting SDC-1 as well as SDC-1-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XinYi Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YiRan Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - QingYi Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Outpatient Department, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Shi, ; Luyi Wu,
| | - Luyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Shi, ; Luyi Wu,
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Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Cell-to-Cell Communication in Multiple Myeloma Progression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113185. [PMID: 34831408 PMCID: PMC8625088 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) progression closely depends on the bidirectional crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, which leads to the creation of a tumor supportive niche. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in the pathological interplay between the malignant clone and near/distal bone marrow (BM) cells through their biologically active cargo. Here, we describe the role of EVs derived from MM and BM cells in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and in fostering bone disease, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, drug resistance, and, ultimately, tumor progression. We also examine the emerging role of EVs as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of MM, and their potential use as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease classification, and therapy monitoring.
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Cousin R, Groult H, Manseur C, Ferru-Clément R, Gani M, Havret R, Toucheteau C, Prunier G, Colin B, Morel F, Piot JM, Lanneluc I, Baranger K, Maugard T, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. A Marine λ-Oligocarrageenan Inhibits Migratory and Invasive Ability of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Actions on Heparanase Metabolism and MMP-14/MMP-2 Axis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100546. [PMID: 34677445 PMCID: PMC8539239 DOI: 10.3390/md19100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar-based molecules such as heparins or natural heparan sulfate polysaccharides have been developed and widely studied for controlling heparanase (HPSE) enzymatic activity, a key player in extracellular matrix remodelling during cancer pathogenesis. However, non-enzymatic functions of HPSE have also been described in tumour mechanisms. Given their versatile properties, we hypothesized that sugar-based inhibitors may interfere with enzymatic but also non-enzymatic HPSE activities. In this work, we assessed the effects of an original marine λ-carrageenan derived oligosaccharide (λ-CO) we previously described, along with those of its native counterpart and heparins, on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but also of sh-MDA-MB-231 cells, in which the expression of HPSE was selectively downregulated. We observed no cytotoxic and no anti-proliferative effects of our compounds but surprisingly λ-CO was the most efficient to reduce cell migration and invasion compared with heparins, and in a HPSE-dependent manner. We provided evidence that λ-CO tightly controlled a HPSE/MMP-14/MMP-2 axis, leading to reduced MMP-2 activity. Altogether, this study highlights λ-CO as a potent HPSE “modulator” capable of reducing not only the enzymatic activity of HPSE but also the functions controlled by the HPSE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Cousin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Hugo Groult
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Chanez Manseur
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Romain Ferru-Clément
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Mario Gani
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Rachel Havret
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Claire Toucheteau
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Grégoire Prunier
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Béatrice Colin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Franck Morel
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, Poitiers University, LITEC EA 4331, 86073 Poitiers, France;
| | - Jean-Marie Piot
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Isabelle Lanneluc
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Thierry Maugard
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- BCBS Group (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle University, UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.C.); (H.G.); (C.M.); (R.F.-C.); (M.G.); (R.H.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (B.C.); (J.-M.P.); (I.L.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-546-458-562
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Menyailo ME, Bokova UA, Ivanyuk EE, Khozyainova AA, Denisov EV. Metastasis Prevention: Focus on Metastatic Circulating Tumor Cells. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:549-562. [PMID: 34287797 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death. Metastatic foci are derived from tumor cells that detach from the primary tumor and then enter the circulation. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are generally associated with a high probability of distant metastasis and a negative prognosis. Most CTCs die in the bloodstream, and only a few cells form metastases. Such metastatic CTCs have a stem-like and hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype, can avoid immune surveillance, and show increased therapy resistance. Targeting metastatic CTCs and their progenitors in primary tumors and their descendants, particularly disseminated tumor cells, represents an attractive strategy for metastasis prevention. However, current therapeutic strategies mainly target the primary tumor and only indirectly affect metastasis-initiating cells. Here, we consider potential methods for preventing metastasis based on targeting molecular and cellular features of metastatic CTCs, including CTC clusters. Also, we emphasize current knowledge gaps in CTC biology that should be addressed to develop highly effective therapeutics and strategies for metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E Menyailo
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Ustinia A Bokova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Elena E Ivanyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Anna A Khozyainova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia.
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Belhabib I, Zaghdoudi S, Lac C, Bousquet C, Jean C. Extracellular Matrices and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Targets for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3466. [PMID: 34298680 PMCID: PMC8303391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid cancer progression is dictated by neoplastic cell features and pro-tumoral crosstalks with their microenvironment. Stroma modifications, such as fibroblast activation into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, are now recognized as critical events for cancer progression and as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets. The recent appreciation of the key, complex and multiple roles of the ECM in cancer and of the CAF diversity, has revolutionized the field and raised innovative but challenging questions. Here, we rapidly present CAF heterogeneity in link with their specific ECM remodeling features observed in cancer, before developing each of the impacts of such ECM modifications on tumor progression (survival, angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche, chemoresistance, etc.), and on patient prognosis. Finally, based on preclinical studies and recent results obtained from clinical trials, we highlight key mechanisms or proteins that are, or may be, used as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets, and we report and discuss benefits, disappointments, or even failures, of recently reported stroma-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christine Jean
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France; (I.B.); (S.Z.); (C.L.); (C.B.)
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Tang L, Tang B, Lei Y, Yang M, Wang S, Hu S, Xie Z, Liu Y, Vlodavsky I, Yang S. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Heparanase Promotes H. pylori Colonization and Gastritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675747. [PMID: 34220822 PMCID: PMC8248549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been widely recognized as the most important risk factor for gastric cancer. Analysis of the interaction between the key participants in gastric mucosal immunity and H. pylori infection is expected to provide important insights for the treatment of chronic gastritis and the prevention of gastric cancer. Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that degrades heparan sulfate, resulting in remodeling of the extracellular matrix thereby facilitating the extravasation and migration of immune cells towards sites of inflammation. Heparanase also releases heparan sulfate-bound cytokines and chemokines that further promote directed motility and recruitment of immune cells. Heparanase is highly expressed in a variety of inflammatory conditions and diseases, but its role in chronic gastritis has not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we report that H. pylori infection promotes up-regulation of heparanase in gastritis, which in turn facilitates the colonization of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa, thereby aggravating gastritis. By sustaining continuous activation, polarization and recruitment of macrophages that supply pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic cytokines (i.e., IL-1, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-2, iNOS), heparanase participates in the generation of a vicious circle, driven by enhanced NFκB and p38-MAPK signaling, that supports the development and progression of gastric cancer. These results suggest that inhibition of heparanase may block this self-sustaining cycle, and thereby reduce the risk of gastritis and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sumin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuo Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaojiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Computational Investigation Identified Potential Chemical Scaffolds for Heparanase as Anticancer Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105311. [PMID: 34156395 PMCID: PMC8157885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparanase (Hpse) is an endo-β-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate side chains. Its upregulated expression is implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, thus making it an attractive target in cancer therapeutics. Currently, a few small molecule inhibitors have been reported to inhibit Hpse, with promising oral administration and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. In the present study, a ligand-based pharmacophore model was generated from a dataset of well-known active small molecule Hpse inhibitors which were observed to display favorable PK properties. The compounds from the InterBioScreen database of natural (69,034) and synthetic (195,469) molecules were first filtered for their drug-likeness and the pharmacophore model was used to screen the drug-like database. The compounds acquired from screening were subjected to molecular docking with Heparanase, where two molecules used in pharmacophore generation were used as reference. From the docking analysis, 33 compounds displayed higher docking scores than the reference and favorable interactions with the catalytic residues. Complex interactions were further evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations to assess their stability over a period of 50 ns. Furthermore, the binding free energies of the 33 compounds revealed 2 natural and 2 synthetic compounds, with better binding affinities than reference molecules, and were, therefore, deemed as hits. The hit compounds presented from this in silico investigation could act as potent Heparanase inhibitors and further serve as lead scaffolds to develop compounds targeting Heparanase upregulation in cancer.
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Kaur R, Deb PK, Diwan V, Saini B. Heparanase Inhibitors in Cancer Progression: Recent Advances. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:43-68. [PMID: 33185156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An endo-β-glucuronidase enzyme, Heparanase (HPSE), degrades the side chains of polymeric heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan formed by alternate repetitive units of D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid/L-iduronic acid. HS is a major component of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes and has been implicated in processes of the tissue's integrity and functional state. The degradation of HS by HPSE enzyme leads to conditions like inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. An elevated HPSE expression with a poor prognosis and its multiple roles in tumor growth and metastasis has attracted significant interest for its inhibition as a potential anti-neoplastic target. METHODS We reviewed the literature from journal publication websites and electronic databases such as Bentham, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, USFDA, etc., about HPSE, its structure, functions, and role in cancer. RESULTS The present review is focused on Heparanase inhibitors (HPIns) that have been isolated from natural resources or chemically synthesized as new therapeutics for metastatic tumors and chronic inflammatory diseases in recent years. The recent developments made in the HPSE structure and function are also discussed, which can lead to the future design of HPIns with more potency and specificity for the target. CONCLUSION HPIns can be a better target to be explored against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Philadelphia, Jordan
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Balraj Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Gerlza T, Trojacher C, Kitic N, Adage T, Kungl AJ. Development of Molecules Antagonizing Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:316-332. [PMID: 33794555 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) occur in almost every tissue of the human body and consist of a protein core, with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide chains. These glycosaminoglycans are characterized by their polyanionic nature, due to sulfate and carboxyl groups, which are distributed along the chain. These chains can be modified by different enzymes at varying positions, which leads to huge diversity of possible structures with the complexity further increased by varying chain lengths. According to their location, HSPGs are divided into different families, the membrane bound, the secreted extracellular matrix, and the secretory vesicle family. As members of the extracellular matrix, they take part in cell-cell communication processes on many levels and with different degrees of involvement. Of particular therapeutic interest is their role in cancer and inflammation as well as in infectious diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the current status of medical approaches to antagonize HSPG function in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gerlza
- Karl-Franzens University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Trojacher
- Karl-Franzens University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Nikola Kitic
- Karl-Franzens University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas J Kungl
- Karl-Franzens University Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graz, Austria.,Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Graz, Austria
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Ren Z, Spaargaren M, Pals ST. Syndecan-1 and stromal heparan sulfate proteoglycans: key moderators of plasma cell biology and myeloma pathogenesis. Blood 2021; 137:1713-1718. [PMID: 33512430 PMCID: PMC8405055 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells no longer express a B-cell antigen receptor and are hence deprived of signals crucial for survival throughout B-cell development. Instead, normal plasma cells, as well as their malignant myeloma counterparts, heavily rely on communication with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment for survival. The plasma cell heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) syndecan-1 (CD138) and HSPGs in the BM microenvironment act as master regulators of this communication by co-opting specific growth and survival factors from the BM niche. This designates syndecan-1/HSPGs and their synthesis machinery as potential treatment targets in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ren
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Spaargaren
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam, LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Care and Research), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lepedda AJ, Nieddu G, Piperigkou Z, Kyriakopoulou K, Karamanos N, Formato M. Circulating Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans as Biomarkers in Health and Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:295-307. [PMID: 33794553 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play key roles in regulating cell behavior, cell signaling, and cell matrix interactions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Their soluble forms from glycocalyx shedding are not merely waste products, but, rather, bioactive molecules, detectable in serum, which may be useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers. In addition, as in the case of glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma, they may be specifically expressed by pathological tissue, representing promising targets for immunotherapy. The primary goal of this comprehensive review is to critically survey the main findings of the clinical data from the last 20 years and provide readers with an overall picture of the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating HSPGs. Moreover, issues related to the involvement of HSPGs in various pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, diabetes and obesity, kidney disease, cancer, trauma, sepsis, but also multiple sclerosis, preeclampsia, pathologies requiring surgery, pulmonary disease, and others will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kyriakopoulou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Marilena Formato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Berdiaki A, Neagu M, Giatagana EM, Kuskov A, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D. Glycosaminoglycans: Carriers and Targets for Tailored Anti-Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:395. [PMID: 33800172 PMCID: PMC8001210 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded by the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), natural biomacromolecules, essential ECM, and cell membrane components are extensively altered in cancer tissues. During disease progression, the GAG fine structure changes in a manner associated with disease evolution. Thus, changes in the GAG sulfation pattern are immediately correlated to malignant transformation. Their molecular weight, distribution, composition, and fine modifications, including sulfation, exhibit distinct alterations during cancer development. GAGs and GAG-based molecules, due to their unique properties, are suggested as promising effectors for anticancer therapy. Considering their participation in tumorigenesis, their utilization in drug development has been the focus of both industry and academic research efforts. These efforts have been developing in two main directions; (i) utilizing GAGs as targets of therapeutic strategies and (ii) employing GAGs specificity and excellent physicochemical properties for targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. This review will comprehensively discuss recent developments and the broad potential of GAG utilization for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (E.-M.G.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (E.-M.G.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Andrey Kuskov
- Department of Technology of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Substances, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (E.-M.G.); (G.N.T.)
- Laboratory of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (E.-M.G.); (G.N.T.)
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Cai Z, Yan Y, Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Chen J. Multifunctionalized Brush-Like Glycopolymers with High Affinity to P-Selectin and Antitumor Metastasis Activity. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1177-1185. [PMID: 33586430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolymers that can mimic natural glycosaminoglycan, such as heparin, have shown great potentials in inhibition of cancer metastasis. In the current work, a novel series of brush-like glycopolymers (BGPs) with simultaneous functionalization of various monosaccharide or disaccharide compositions have been synthesized through a new grafting-polymerization strategy, in order to mimic the activities of both heparin and P-selectin ligand PSGL-1. In the subsequent in vitro assays of antiadhesion, platelets activation, heparanase inhibition, and so on, BGP-SFH, as one of the BGPs with the composition of the combined three sugar units, sialic acids, fucoses, and heparin disaccharides, showed the highest antimetastasis ability, similar to its prototype heparin. Moreover, in a mouse metastatic melanoma model, the BGP-SFH also inhibited B16 cell metastasis effectively. Thus, the current work not only demonstrated a type of promising antimetastasis glycopolymer BGPs, but also illustrated an easy synthetic approach to multifunctionalized glycopolymers, leading to potential applications for broader biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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Faria-Ramos I, Poças J, Marques C, Santos-Antunes J, Macedo G, Reis CA, Magalhães A. Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans: (Un)Expected Allies in Cancer Clinical Management. Biomolecules 2021; 11:136. [PMID: 33494442 PMCID: PMC7911160 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era when cancer glycobiology research is exponentially growing, we are witnessing a progressive translation of the major scientific findings to the clinical practice with the overarching aim of improving cancer patients' management. Many mechanistic cell biology studies have demonstrated that heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans are key molecules responsible for several molecular and biochemical processes, impacting extracellular matrix properties and cellular functions. HS can interact with a myriad of different ligands, and therefore, hold a pleiotropic role in regulating the activity of important cellular receptors and downstream signalling pathways. The aberrant expression of HS glycan chains in tumours determines main malignant features, such as cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we devote particular attention to HS biological activities, its expression profile and modulation in cancer. Moreover, we highlight HS clinical potential to improve both diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, either as HS-based biomarkers or as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Faria-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Poças
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Santos-Antunes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Pathology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.-R.); (J.P.); (C.M.); (J.S.-A.); (C.A.R.)
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Rodrigues-Junior DM, Pelarin MFDA, Nader HB, Vettore AL, Pinhal MAS. MicroRNA-1252-5p Associated with Extracellular Vesicles Enhances Bortezomib Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Targeting Heparanase. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:455-467. [PMID: 33488100 PMCID: PMC7814994 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, and patient survival requires a better understanding of this malignancy's molecular aspects. Heparanase (HPSE) is highly expressed in aggressive MM cells and related to tumor growth, metastasis, and bortezomib (BTZ) resistance. Thus, targeting HPSE seems to be a promising approach for MM treatment, and because microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential regulators of HPSE expression, the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can allow the efficient delivery of therapeutic miRNAs. METHODS We used prediction algorithms to identify potential miRNAs that regulate negatively HPSE expression. RT-qPCR was performed to assess miRNAs and HPSE expression in MM lines (U266 and RPMI-8226). Synthetic miRNA mimics were electroporated in MM cells to understand the miRNA contribution in HPSE expression, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) profile, cell proliferation, and cell death induced by BTZ. EVs derived from HEK293T cells were engineered with miRNAs to evaluate their therapeutic potential combined with BTZ. RESULTS It revealed a direct association between BTZ sensitivity, HPSE, and miR-1252-5p expressions. Moreover, overexpression of miR-1252-5p significantly reduced HPSE expression and HPSE enzymatic activity in MM cells. The higher level of miR-1252-5p was correlated with a reduction of cell viability and higher sensitivity to BTZ. Further, EVs carrying miR-1252-5p increased MM cells' sensitivity to BTZ treatment. CONCLUSION These results showed that miR-1252-5p could negatively regulate HPSE in MM, indicating the use of EVs carrying miR-1252-5p as a potential novel BTZ sensitization approach in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Vettore
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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Martins ÁM, Ramos CC, Freitas D, Reis CA. Glycosylation of Cancer Extracellular Vesicles: Capture Strategies, Functional Roles and Potential Clinical Applications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010109. [PMID: 33430152 PMCID: PMC7827205 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are major constituents of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Alterations in the glycosylation pathway are a common feature of cancer cells, which gives rise to de novo or increased synthesis of particular glycans. Therefore, glycans and glycoproteins have been widely used in the clinic as both stratification and prognosis cancer biomarkers. Interestingly, several of the known tumor-associated glycans have already been identified in cancer EVs, highlighting EV glycosylation as a potential source of circulating cancer biomarkers. These particles are crucial vehicles of cell–cell communication, being able to transfer molecular information and to modulate the recipient cell behavior. The presence of particular glycoconjugates has been described to be important for EV protein sorting, uptake and organ-tropism. Furthermore, specific EV glycans or glycoproteins have been described to be able to distinguish tumor EVs from benign EVs. In this review, the application of EV glycosylation in the development of novel EV detection and capture methodologies is discussed. In addition, we highlight the potential of EV glycosylation in the clinical setting for both cancer biomarker discovery and EV therapeutic delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro M. Martins
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Á.M.M.); (C.C.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia C. Ramos
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Á.M.M.); (C.C.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Freitas
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Á.M.M.); (C.C.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (D.F.); (C.A.R.); Tel.:+351-225-570-786 (C.A.R.)
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Á.M.M.); (C.C.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (D.F.); (C.A.R.); Tel.:+351-225-570-786 (C.A.R.)
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Kazemi M, Emami J, Hasanzadeh F, Minaiyan M, Mirian M, Lavasanifar A, Mokhtari M. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel DTX-Loaded Multifunctional Heparin-Based Polymeric Micelles Targeting Folate Receptors and Endosomes. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 15:341-359. [PMID: 33023456 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666201006124604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of biocompatible tumor-targeting delivery systems for anticancer agents is essential for efficacious cancer chemotherapy. Nanoparticles, as drug delivery cargoes for cancer therapy, are rapidly improving to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Heparin-modified nanoparticles are currently being considered as one of the favorable carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutics to cancer tissues. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a novel targeted, pH-sensitive, heparin-based polymeric micelle loaded with the poorly water-soluble anticancer drug, docetaxel (DTX). The micelles could overcome the limited water solubility, non-specific distribution, and insufficient drug concentration in tumor tissues. METHODS DTX-loaded folate targeted micelles were prepared and evaluated for physicochemical properties, drug release, in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in folate receptor-positive and folate receptor-negative cells. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of DTX-loaded micelles was evaluated in the tumor-bearing mice. Some related patents were also studied in this research. RESULTS The heparin-based targeted micelles exhibited higher in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity against folate receptor over-expressed cells due to the specific receptor-mediated endocytosis. DTX-loaded micelles displayed greater antitumor activity, higher anti-angiogenesis effects, and lower systemic toxicity compared with free DTX in a tumor-induced mice model as confirmed by tumor growth monitoring, immunohistochemical evaluation, and body weight shift. DTX-loaded targeting micelles demonstrated no considerable toxicity on major organs of tumor-bearing mice compared with free DTX. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that DTX-loaded multifunctional heparin-based micelles with desirable antitumor activity and low toxicity possess great potential as a targeted drug delivery system in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloud Kazemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaber Emami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshid Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mojgan Mokhtari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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