1
|
Konečná D, Výmola P, Ternerová N, Výmolová B, Garcia-Borja E, Mateu R, Šroubek F, Pankrác J, Widen JC, Bogyo M, Netuka D, Bušek P, Šedo A. Molecularly targeted protease-activated probes for visualization of glioblastoma: a comparison with 5-ALA. J Neurosurg 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38552239 PMCID: PMC11010726 DOI: 10.3171/2024.1.jns231137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The highly infiltrative growth of glioblastoma (GBM) makes distinction between the tumor and normal brain tissue challenging. Therefore, fluorescence-guided surgery is often used to improve visual identification of radiological tumor margins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of recently developed molecularly targeted near-infrared (NIR) protease-activated probes to visualize GBM tissue and to compare the most promising candidate with the gold standard, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). METHODS Single-substrate probes 6QC-ICG and 6QC-Cy5 (cysteine cathepsin cleavable), double-substrate probes AG2-FNIR and AG2-Cy5 (cysteine cathepsin and caspase 3 cleavable), and 5-ALA were administered intravenously to mice with orthotopic tumors. Activation of the probes was also evaluated in cell cultures in vitro and in biopsy material from patients with GBM ex vivo. The tumor to normal brain tissue fluorescence ratio (TNR) was quantified in brain sections using preclinical and clinical visualization platforms, and in tissue homogenates and cell suspensions using spectrofluorimetry. Subcellular localization of the fluorophores was visualized by confocal microscopy. RESULTS In vitro, the single-substrate probe 6QC-ICG was cleaved in glioma cells and macrophages, and the resulting fluorophore accumulated intracellularly. In experimental GBMs, both single- and double-substrate probes visualized tumor tissue, while in healthy brain tissue the signal was minimal. TNR was highest for 6QC-ICG and AG2-FNIR, but the signal intensity was higher for 6QC-ICG. Using xenograft and syngeneic mouse models, as well as human GBM biopsy material ex vivo, the authors confirmed the ability of 6QC-ICG to specifically visualize the glioma tissue using preclinical and clinical visualization platforms. Finally, a comparison with 5-ALA in animals coadministered with both compounds revealed a higher TNR for 6QC-ICG in experimental GBMs. CONCLUSIONS The cysteine cathepsin-cleavable probe 6QC-ICG is activated by glioma cells and tumor-associated macrophages, leading to a high contrast between tumor and nontumorous brain tissue that is superior to that of the current standard, 5-ALA. In addition to a well-defined mechanism of action, protease-activated probes that use NIR fluorophores (e.g., indocyanine green) have the advantage of low absorption and scattering of the NIR light and lower tissue autofluorescence. These results suggest that 6QC-ICG has the potential to become the targeted agent in intraoperative detection of GBM tissue using fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Konečná
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, First Faculty of Medicine and Military University Hospital, Prague
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - Petr Výmola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - Nikola Ternerová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - Barbora Výmolová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - Elena Garcia-Borja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - Rosana Mateu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - Filip Šroubek
- Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
| | - Jan Pankrác
- Center of Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - John C. Widen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, First Faculty of Medicine and Military University Hospital, Prague
| | - Petr Bušek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - Aleksi Šedo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Llaguno-Munive M, Villalba-Abascal W, Avilés-Salas A, Garcia-Lopez P. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging in Preclinical Models of Glioblastoma. J Imaging 2023; 9:212. [PMID: 37888319 PMCID: PMC10607214 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem requiring ongoing research to improve current treatments and discover novel therapies. More accurate imaging would facilitate such research. Near-infrared fluorescence has been developed as a non-invasive imaging technique capable of visualizing and measuring biological processes at the molecular level in living subjects. In this work, we evaluate the tumor activity in two preclinical glioblastoma models by using fluorochrome (IRDye 800CW) coupled to different molecules: tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). These molecules interact with pathological conditions of tumors, including their overexpression of αvβ3 integrins (RGD), elevated glucose uptake (2-DG), and enhanced permeability and retention effect (PEG). IRDye 800CW RGD gave the best in vivo fluorescence signal from the tumor area, which contrasted well with the low fluorescence intensity of healthy tissue. In the ex vivo imaging (dissected tumor), the accumulation of IRDye 800CW RGD could be appreciated at the tumor site. Glioblastoma tumors were presently detected with specificity and sensitivity by utilizing IRDye 800CW RGD, a near-infrared fluorophore combined with a marker of αvβ3 integrin expression. Further research is needed on its capacity to monitor tumor growth in glioblastoma after chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Llaguno-Munive
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Oncología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-M.); (W.V.-A.)
- Laboratorio de Física Médica, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Wilberto Villalba-Abascal
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Oncología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-M.); (W.V.-A.)
| | - Alejandro Avilés-Salas
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Garcia-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Oncología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.L.-M.); (W.V.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Johansen ML, Vincent J, Rose M, Sloan AE, Brady-Kalnay SM. Comparison of Near-Infrared Imaging Agents Targeting the PTPmu Tumor Biomarker. Mol Imaging Biol 2023:10.1007/s11307-023-01799-5. [PMID: 36695968 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maximal, safe resection of solid tumors is considered a critical first step in successful cancer treatment. The advent of fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) using non-specific agents has improved patient outcomes, particularly in the case of glioblastoma. Molecularly targeted agents that recognize specific tumor biomarkers have the potential to augment these gains. Identification of the optimal combination of targeting moiety and fluorophore is needed prior to initiating clinical trials. PROCEDURES A 20-amino acid peptide (SBK2) recognizing the receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase mu (PTPmu)-derived tumor-specific biomarker, with or without a linker, was conjugated to three different near-infrared fluorophores: indocyanine green (ICG), IRDye® 800CW, and Tide Fluor™ 8WS. The in vivo specificity, time course, and biodistribution were evaluated for each using mice with heterotopic human glioma tumors that express the PTPmu biomarker to identify component combinations with optimal properties for FIGS. RESULTS SBK2 conjugated to ICG demonstrated excellent specificity for gliomas in heterotopic tumors. SBK2-ICG showed significantly higher in vivo tumor labeling compared to the Scram-ICG control from 10 min to 24 h, p < 0.01 at all timepoints, following injection, as well as a significantly higher ex vivo tumor signal at 24 h, p < 0.001. Inserting a six-amino acid linker between the targeting peptide and ICG increased the clearance rate and resulted in significantly higher in vivo tumor signal relative to its linker-containing Scrambled control from 10 min to 8 h, p < 0.05 at all timepoints, after dosing. Agents made with the more hydrophilic IRDye® 800CW and Tide Fluor™ 8WS showed no specific tumor labeling relative to the controls. The IRDye 800CW-conjugated agents cleared within 1 h, while the non-specific fluorescent tumor signal generated by the Tide Fluor 8WS-conjugated agents persists beyond 24 h. CONCLUSIONS The SBK2 PTPmu-targeting peptide conjugated to ICG specifically labels heterotopic human gliomas grown in mice between 10 min and 24 h following injection. Similar molecules constructed with more hydrophilic dyes demonstrated no specificity. These studies present a promising candidate for use in FIGS of PTPmu biomarker-expressing tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette L Johansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jason Vincent
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Marissa Rose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Netufo O, Connor K, Shiels LP, Sweeney KJ, Wu D, O’Shea DF, Byrne AT, Miller IS. Refining Glioblastoma Surgery through the Use of Intra-Operative Fluorescence Imaging Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:550. [PMID: 35631376 PMCID: PMC9143023 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult brain tumour with a dismal 2-year survival rate of 26-33%. Maximal safe resection plays a crucial role in improving patient progression-free survival (PFS). Neurosurgeons have the significant challenge of delineating normal tissue from brain tumour to achieve the optimal extent of resection (EOR), with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) the only clinically approved intra-operative fluorophore for GBM. This review aims to highlight the requirement for improved intra-operative imaging techniques, focusing on fluorescence-guided imaging (FGS) and the use of novel dyes with the potential to overcome the limitations of current FGS. The review was performed based on articles found in PubMed an.d Google Scholar, as well as articles identified in searched bibliographies between 2001 and 2022. Key words for searches included 'Glioblastoma' + 'Fluorophore'+ 'Novel' + 'Fluorescence Guided Surgery'. Current literature has favoured the approach of using targeted fluorophores to achieve specific accumulation in the tumour microenvironment, with biological conjugates leading the way. These conjugates target specific parts overexpressed in the tumour. The positive results in breast, ovarian and colorectal tissue are promising and may, therefore, be applied to intracranial neoplasms. Therefore, this design has the potential to produce favourable results in GBM by reducing the residual tumour, which translates to decreased tumour recurrence, morbidity and ultimately, mortality in GBM patients. Several preclinical studies have shown positive results with targeted dyes in distinguishing GBM cells from normal brain parenchyma, and targeted dyes in the Near-Infrared (NIR) emission range offer promising results, which may be valuable future alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakanyinsolami Netufo
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Kate Connor
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Liam P. Shiels
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
| | - Kieron J. Sweeney
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, 9, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (D.W.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Donal F. O’Shea
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (D.W.); (D.F.O.)
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Pre-Clinical Imaging Centre (NPIC), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ian S. Miller
- Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (O.N.); (K.C.); (L.P.S.); (K.J.S.); (A.T.B.)
- National Pre-Clinical Imaging Centre (NPIC), 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chan MH, Huang WT, Satpathy A, Su TY, Hsiao M, Liu RS. Progress and Viewpoints of Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials for Glioblastoma Theranostics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020456. [PMID: 35214188 PMCID: PMC8875488 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common malignant tumor of the brain is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in adults. Many patients die shortly after diagnosis, and only 6% of patients survive more than 5 years. Moreover, the current average survival of malignant brain tumors is only about 15 months, and the recurrence rate within 2 years is almost 100%. Brain diseases are complicated to treat. The reason for this is that drugs are challenging to deliver to the brain because there is a blood–brain barrier (BBB) protection mechanism in the brain, which only allows water, oxygen, and blood sugar to enter the brain through blood vessels. Other chemicals cannot enter the brain due to their large size or are considered harmful substances. As a result, the efficacy of drugs for treating brain diseases is only about 30%, which cannot satisfy treatment expectations. Therefore, researchers have designed many types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites to fight against the most common malignant tumors in the brain, and they have been successful in animal experiments. This review will discuss the application of various nanocomposites in diagnosing and treating GBM. The topics include (1) the efficient and long-term tracking of brain images (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, and near-infrared light (NIR)); (2) breaking through BBB for drug delivery; and (3) natural and chemical drugs equipped with nanomaterials. These multifunctional nanoparticles can overcome current difficulties and achieve progressive GBM treatment and diagnosis results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (W.-T.H.); (A.S.); (T.-Y.S.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tse Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (W.-T.H.); (A.S.); (T.-Y.S.)
| | - Aishwarya Satpathy
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (W.-T.H.); (A.S.); (T.-Y.S.)
| | - Ting-Yi Su
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (W.-T.H.); (A.S.); (T.-Y.S.)
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (R.-S.L.)
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (M.-H.C.); (W.-T.H.); (A.S.); (T.-Y.S.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (R.-S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Non-clinical safety assessment and in vivo biodistribution of CoviFab, an RBD-specific F(ab')2 fragment derived from equine polyclonal antibodies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115796. [PMID: 34785274 PMCID: PMC8590615 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has required the urgent development of new therapies, among which passive immunotherapy is contemplated. CoviFab (INM005) is a RBD-specific F(ab′)2 fragment derived from equine polyclonal antibodies. We investigate their preclinical security and biodistribution by in vivo and ex vivo NIR imaging after intravenous administration of a dose of 4 mg/kg at time 0 and 48 h. Images were taken at 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, 49, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132 and 144 h after the first intravenous injection. At 96 and 144 h, mice were sacrificed for haematology, serum chemistry, clinical pathology, histopathology and ex vivo imaging. The biodistribution profile was similar in all organs studied, with the highest fluorescence at 1 h after each injection, gradually decreasing after that each one and until the end of the study (144 h). The toxicology study revealed no significant changes in the haematology and serum chemistry parameters. Further, there were no changes in the gross and histological examination of organs. Nonclinical data of the current study confirm that CoviFab is safe, without observable adverse effects in mice. Furthermore, we confirm that bioimaging studies are a useful approach in preclinical trials to determine biodistribution.
Collapse
|
7
|
Polikarpov DM, Campbell DH, Zaslavsky AB, Lund ME, Wu A, Lu Y, Palapattu GS, Walsh BJ, Zvyagin AV, Gillatt DA. Glypican-1 as a target for fluorescence molecular imaging of bladder cancer. Int J Urol 2021; 28:1290-1297. [PMID: 34498294 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether anti-glypican-1 antibody Miltuximab conjugated with near-infrared dye IRDye800CW can be used for in vivo fluorescence imaging of urothelial carcinoma. METHODS The conjugate, Miltuximab-IRDye800CW, was produced and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and flow cytometry with glypican-1-expressing cells. Balb/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous urothelial carcinoma xenografts were intravenously injected with Miltuximab-IRDye800CW or control IgG-IRDye800CW and imaged daily by fluorescence imaging. After 10 days, tumors and major organs were collected for ex vivo study of the conjugate biodistribution, including its accumulation in the tumor. RESULTS The intravenous injection of Miltuximab-IRDye800CW to tumor-bearing mice showed its specific accumulation in the tumors with the tumor-to-background ratio of 12.7 ± 2.4, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.005). The ex vivo imaging was consistent with the in vivo findings, with tumors from the mice injected with Miltuximab-IRDye800CW being significantly brighter than the organs or the control tumors. CONCLUSIONS The highly specific accumulation and retention of Miltuximab-IRDye800CW in glypican-1-expressing tumors in vivo shows its high potential for fluorescence imaging of urothelial carcinoma and warrants its further investigation toward clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Polikarpov
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Angela Wu
- GlyTherix, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanling Lu
- GlyTherix, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrei V Zvyagin
- ARC Center of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - David A Gillatt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evaluation of Two Optical Probes for Imaging the Integrin α vβ 6- In Vitro and In Vivo in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1170-1181. [PMID: 32002763 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate two αvβ6-targeted fluorescent imaging agents. The integrin subtype αvβ6 is significantly upregulated in a wide range of epithelial derived cancers, plays a key role in invasion and metastasis, and expression is often located at the invasive edge of tumors. αvβ6-targeted fluorescent imaging agents have the potential to guide surgical resection leading to improved patient outcomes. Both imaging agents were based on the bi-PEGylated peptide NH2-PEG28-A20FMDV2-K16R-PEG28 (1), a peptide that has high affinity and selectivity for the integrin αvβ6: (a) 5-FAM-X-PEG28-A20FMDV2-K16R-PEG28 (2), and (b) IRDye800-PEG28-A20FMDV2-K16R-PEG28 (3). PROCEDURES Peptides were synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis and standard Fmoc chemistry. Affinity for αvβ6 was evaluated by ELISA. In vitro binding, internalization, and localization of 2 was monitored using confocal microscopy in DX3puroβ6 (αvβ6+) and DX3puro (αvβ6-) cells. The in vivo imaging and ex vivo biodistribution of 3 was evaluated in three preclinical mouse models, DX3puroβ6/DX3puro and BxPC-3 (αvβ6+) tumor xenografts and a BxPC-3 orthotopic pancreatic tumor model. RESULTS Peptides were obtained in > 99% purity. IC50 values were 28 nM (2) and 39 nM (3). Rapid αvβ6-selective binding and internalization of 2 was observed. Fluorescent intensity (FLI) measurements extracted from the in vivo images and ex vivo biodistribution confirmed uptake and retention of 3 in the αvβ6 positive subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors, with negligible uptake in the αvβ6-negative tumor. Blocking studies with a known αvβ6-targeting peptide demonstrated αvβ6-specific binding of 3. CONCLUSION Two fluorescence imaging agents were developed. The αvβ6-specific uptake, internalization, and endosomal localization of the fluorescence agent 2 demonstrates potential for targeted therapy. The selective uptake and retention of 3 in the αvβ6-positive tumors enabled clear delineation of the tumors and surgical resection indicating 3 has the potential to be utilized during image-guided surgery.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen H, Shou K, Chen S, Qu C, Wang Z, Jiang L, Zhu M, Ding B, Qian K, Ji A, Lou H, Tong L, Hsu A, Wang Y, Felsher DW, Hu Z, Tian J, Cheng Z. Smart Self-Assembly Amphiphilic Cyclopeptide-Dye for Near-Infrared Window-II Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006902. [PMID: 33709533 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel nanomaterials for disease theranostics represents an important direction in chemistry and precision medicine. Fluorescent molecular probes in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) show high promise because of their exceptional high detection sensitivity, resolution, and deep imaging depth. Here, a sharp pH-sensitive self-assembling cyclopeptide-dye, SIMM1000, as a smart nanoprobe for NIR-II imaging of diseases in living animals, is reported. This small molecule assembled nanoprobe exhibits smart properties by responding to a sharp decrease of pH in the tumor microenvironment (pH 7.0 to 6.8), aggregating from small nanoprobe (80 nm at pH 7.0) into large nanoparticles (>500 nm at pH 6.8) with ≈20-30 times enhanced fluorescence compared with the non-self-assembled CH-4T. It yields micrometer-scale resolution in blood vessel imaging and high contrast and resolution in bone and tumor imaging in mice. Because of its self-aggregation in acidic tumor microenvironments in situ, SIMM1000 exhibits high tumor accumulation and extremely long tumor retention (>19 days), while being excretable from normal tissues and safe. This smart self-assembling small molecule strategy can shift the paradigm of designing new nanomaterials for molecular imaging and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kangquan Shou
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Chunrong Qu
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Mark Zhu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Bingbing Ding
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Aiyan Ji
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongyue Lou
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ling Tong
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Hsu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Yuebing Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5344, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ottobrini L, Martelli C, Lucignani G. Optical Imaging Agents. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
11
|
Mena-Hernández J, Jung-Cook H, Llaguno-Munive M, García-López P, Ganem-Rondero A, López-Ramírez S, Barragán-Aroche F, Rivera-Huerta M, Mayet-Cruz L. Preparation and Evaluation of Mebendazole Microemulsion for Intranasal Delivery: an Alternative Approach for Glioblastoma Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:264. [PMID: 32980937 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mebendazole (MBZ) has demonstrated antitumor activity in glioblastoma models, the drug has low aqueous solubility and therefore is poorly absorbed. Considering that other strategies are needed to improve its bioavailability, the current study was aimed to develop and evaluate novel microemulsions of MBZ (MBZ-NaH ME) for intranasal administration. MBZ raw materials were characterized by FTIR, DSC, and XDP. Subsequently, the raw material that contained mainly polymorph C was selected to prepare microemulsions. Two different oleic acid (OA) systems were selected. Formulation A was composed of OA and docosahexaenoic acid (3:1% w/w), while formulation B was composed of OA and Labrafil M2125 (1:1% w/w). Sodium hyaluronate (NaH) at 0.1% was selected as a mucoadhesive agent. MBZ MEs showed a particle size of 209 nm and 145 nm, respectively, and the pH was suitable for nasal formulations (4.5-6.5). Formulation B, which showed the best solubility and rheological behavior, was selected for intranasal evaluation. The nasal toxicity study revealed no damage in the epithelium. Furthermore, formulation B improved significantly the median survival time in the orthotopic C6 rat model compared to the control group. Moreover, NIRF signal intensity revealed a decrease in tumor growth in the treated group with MBZ-MaH ME, which was confirmed by histologic examinations. Results suggest that the intranasal administration of mebendazole-loaded microemulsion might be appropriated for glioblastoma treatment. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ebenhan T, Kleynhans J, Zeevaart JR, Jeong JM, Sathekge M. Non-oncological applications of RGD-based single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography agents. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1414-1433. [PMID: 32918574 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive imaging techniques (especially single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography) apply several RGD-based imaging ligands developed during a vast number of preclinical and clinical investigations. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence is a binding moiety for a large selection of adhesive extracellular matrix and cell surface proteins. Since the first identification of this sequence as the shortest sequence required for recognition in fibronectin during the 1980s, fundamental research regarding the molecular mechanisms of integrin action have paved the way for development of several pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals with clinical applications. Ligands recognizing RGD may be developed for use in the monitoring of these interactions (benign or pathological). Although RGD-based molecular imaging has been actively investigated for oncological purposes, their utilization towards non-oncology applications remains relatively under-exploited. METHODS AND SCOPE This review highlights the new non-oncologic applications of RGD-based tracers (with the focus on single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography). The focus is on the last 10 years of scientific literature (2009-2020). It is proposed that these imaging agents will be used for off-label indications that may provide options for disease monitoring where there are no approved tracers available, for instance Crohn's disease or osteoporosis. Fundamental science investigations have made progress in elucidating the involvement of integrin in various diseases not pertaining to oncology. Furthermore, RGD-based radiopharmaceuticals have been evaluated extensively for safety during clinical evaluations of various natures. CONCLUSION Clinical translation of non-oncological applications for RGD-based radiopharmaceuticals and other imaging tracers without going through time-consuming extensive development is therefore highly plausible. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. .,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,DST/NWU Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Belykh E, Shaffer KV, Lin C, Byvaltsev VA, Preul MC, Chen L. Blood-Brain Barrier, Blood-Brain Tumor Barrier, and Fluorescence-Guided Neurosurgical Oncology: Delivering Optical Labels to Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:739. [PMID: 32582530 PMCID: PMC7290051 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in maximum safe glioma resection have included the introduction of a host of visualization techniques to complement intraoperative white-light imaging of tumors. However, barriers to the effective use of these techniques within the central nervous system remain. In the healthy brain, the blood-brain barrier ensures the stability of the sensitive internal environment of the brain by protecting the active functions of the central nervous system and preventing the invasion of microorganisms and toxins. Brain tumors, however, often cause degradation and dysfunction of this barrier, resulting in a heterogeneous increase in vascular permeability throughout the tumor mass and outside it. Thus, the characteristics of both the blood-brain and blood-brain tumor barriers hinder the vascular delivery of a variety of therapeutic substances to brain tumors. Recent developments in fluorescent visualization of brain tumors offer improvements in the extent of maximal safe resection, but many of these fluorescent agents must reach the tumor via the vasculature. As a result, these fluorescence-guided resection techniques are often limited by the extent of vascular permeability in tumor regions and by the failure to stain the full volume of tumor tissue. In this review, we describe the structure and function of both the blood-brain and blood-brain tumor barriers in the context of the current state of fluorescence-guided imaging of brain tumors. We discuss features of currently used techniques for fluorescence-guided brain tumor resection, with an emphasis on their interactions with the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers. Finally, we discuss a selection of novel preclinical techniques that have the potential to enhance the delivery of therapeutics to brain tumors in spite of the barrier properties of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Belykh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Kurt V. Shaffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Chaoqun Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Vadim A. Byvaltsev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Transferrin receptor 1 targeted optical imaging for identifying glioma margin in mouse models. J Neurooncol 2020; 148:245-258. [PMID: 32405996 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optical molecular imaging technology that indiscriminately detects intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) can help neurosurgeons effectively remove tumor masses. Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR 1) is a diagnostic and therapeutic target in GBM. A TfR 1-targeted peptide, CRTIGPSVC (CRT), was shown to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate at high levels in GBM tissues. In this study, we synthesized a TfR 1-targeted near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe, Cy5-CRT, for identifying the GBM tissue margin in mouse models. METHODS We initially confirmed the overexpression of TfR 1 in GBM and the tumor-specific homing ability of Cy5-CRT in subcutaneous and orthotopic GBM mouse models. We then examined the feasibility of Cy5-CRT for identifying the tumor margin in orthotopic GBM xenografts. Finally, we compared Cy5-CRT with the clinically used fluorescein sodium in identifying tumor margins. RESULTS Cy5-CRT specifically accumulated in GBM tissues and detected the tumor burden with exceptional contrast in mice with orthotopic GBM, enabling fluorescence-guided GBM resection under NIRF live imaging conditions. Importantly, Cy5-CRT recognized the GBM tissue margin more clearly than fluorescein sodium. CONCLUSIONS The TfR 1-targeted optical probe Cy5-CRT specifically differentiates tumor tissues from the surrounding normal brain with high sensitivity, indicating its potential application for the precise surgical removal of GBM.
Collapse
|
15
|
Moreno MJ, Ling B, Stanimirovic DB. In vivo near-infrared fluorescent optical imaging for CNS drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:903-915. [PMID: 32396023 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1759549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo imaging technologies have become integral and essential component of drug discovery, development, and clinical assessment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging in the range of 650-950 nm is widely used for pre-clinical in vivo imaging studies. The recent expansion of NIR imaging into the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-1700 nm) window enabled improvements in tissue penetration and resolution required for anatomical, dynamic, and molecular neuroimaging with high potential for clinical translation. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the latest progress in near-infrared (NIR)-fluorescent optical imaging modalities with an emphasis on the SWIR window. Advantages and challenges in developing novel organic and inorganic SWIR emitters, with special attention to their toxicology and pharmacology, are discussed. Examples of their application in preclinical imaging of brain function and pathology provide a platform to assess the potential for their clinical translation. EXPERT OPINION Propelled through concomitant technological advancements in imaging instrumentation, algorithms and new SWIR emitters, SWIR imaging has addressed key barriers to optical imaging modalities used in pre-clinical studies addressing the CNS. Development of biocompatible SWIR emitters and adoption of SWIR into multi-modal imaging modalities promise to rapidly advance optical imaging into translational studies and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Moreno
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Binbing Ling
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Near-Infrared Molecular Imaging of Glioblastoma by Miltuximab ®-IRDye800CW as a Potential Tool for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040984. [PMID: 32316186 PMCID: PMC7226459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors and its 5-year survival is approximately 5%. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) improves the extent of resection and leads to better prognosis. Molecular near-infrared (NIR) imaging appears to outperform conventional FGS, however, novel molecular targets need to be identified in GBM. Proteoglycan glypican-1 (GPC-1) is believed to be such a target as it is highly expressed in GBM and is associated with poor prognosis. We hypothesize that an anti-GPC-1 antibody, Miltuximab®, conjugated with the NIR dye, IRDye800CW (IR800), can specifically accumulate in a GBM xenograft and provide high-contrast in vivo fluorescent imaging in rodents following systemic administration. Miltuximab® was conjugated with IR800 and intravenously administered to BALB/c nude mice bearing a subcutaneous U-87 GBM hind leg xenograft. Specific accumulation of Miltuximab®-IR800 in subcutaneous xenograft tumor was detected 24 h later using an in vivo fluorescence imager. The conjugate did not cause any adverse events in mice and caused strong fluorescence of the tumor with tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) reaching 10.1 ± 2.8. The average TBR over the 10-day period was 5.8 ± 0.6 in mice injected with Miltuximab®-IR800 versus 2.4 ± 0.1 for the control group injected with IgG-IR800 (p = 0.001). Ex vivo assessment of Miltuximab®-IR800 biodistribution confirmed its highly specific accumulation in the tumor. The results of this study confirm that Miltuximab®-IR800 holds promise for intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging of GBM and warrants further studies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Barth CW, Gibbs SL. Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery - a Perspective on Contrast Agent Development. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 11222:112220J. [PMID: 32255887 PMCID: PMC7115043 DOI: 10.1117/12.2545292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past several decades, a number of novel fluorescence image-guided surgery (FGS) contrast agents have been under development, with many in clinical translation and undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we have identified and summarized the contrast agents currently undergoing clinical translation. In total, 39 novel FGS contrast agents are being studied in 85 clinical trials. Four FGS contrast agents are currently being studied in phase III clinical trials and are poised to reach FDA approval within the next two to three years. Among all novel FGS contrast agents, a wide variety of probe types, targeting mechanisms, and fluorescence properties exists. Clinically available FGS imaging systems have been developed for FDA approved FGS contrast agents, and thus further clinical development is required to yield FGS imaging systems tuned for the variety of contrast agents in the clinical pipeline. Additionally, study of current FGS contrast agents for additional disease types and development of anatomy specific contrast agents is required to provide surgeons FGS tools for all surgical specialties and associated comorbidities. The work reviewed here represents a significant effort from many groups and further development of this promising technology will have an enormous impact on surgical outcomes across all specialties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Targeting MMP-14 for dual PET and fluorescence imaging of glioma in preclinical models. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:1412-1426. [PMID: 31773232 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a clinical need for agents that target glioma cells for non-invasive and intraoperative imaging to guide therapeutic intervention and improve the prognosis of glioma. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 is overexpressed in glioma with negligible expression in normal brain, presenting MMP-14 as an attractive biomarker for imaging glioma. In this study, we designed a peptide probe containing a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye/quencher pair, a positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide, and a moiety with high affinity to MMP-14. This novel substrate-binding peptide allows dual modality imaging of glioma only after cleavage by MMP-14 to activate the quenched NIRF signal, enhancing probe specificity and imaging contrast. METHODS MMP-14 expression and activity in human glioma tissues and cells were measured in vitro by immunofluorescence and gel zymography. Cleavage of the novel substrate and substrate-binding peptides by glioma cells in vitro and glioma xenograft tumors in vivo was determined by NIRF imaging. Biodistribution of the radiolabeled MMP-14-binding peptide or substrate-binding peptide was determined in mice bearing orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) glioma tumors by PET imaging. RESULTS Glioma cells with MMP-14 activity showed activation and retention of NIRF signal from the cleaved peptides. Resected mouse brains with PDX glioma tumors showed tumor-to-background NIRF ratios of 7.6-11.1 at 4 h after i.v. injection of the peptides. PET/CT images showed localization of activity in orthotopic PDX tumors after i.v. injection of 68Ga-binding peptide or 64Cu-substrate-binding peptide; uptake of the radiolabeled peptides in tumors was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by blocking with the non-labeled-binding peptide. PET and NIRF signals correlated linearly in the orthotopic PDX tumors. Immunohistochemistry showed co-localization of MMP-14 expression and NIRF signal in the resected tumors. CONCLUSIONS The novel MMP-14 substrate-binding peptide enabled PET/NIRF imaging of glioma models in mice, warranting future image-guided resection studies with the probe in preclinical glioma models.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wen N, Guo B, Zheng H, Xu L, Liang H, Wang Q, Wang D, Chen X, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang L. Bromodomain inhibitor jq1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of glioma stem cells through the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:879-895. [PMID: 31485609 PMCID: PMC6741838 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain proteins, especially bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4), have recently emerged as therapeutic targets for several cancers, although the role and mechanism of Brd4 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of Brd4 and the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 on glioma stem cells (GSCs). In vitro, JQ1 and small interfering RNAs targeting Brd4 (siBrd4) inhibited the proliferation and self-renewal of GSCs. In vivo, JQ1 significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft GSCs tumors. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that the PI3K-AKT pathway played an important role in GBM. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 phosphorylation was downregulated by exposure to JQ1 in GSCs, thereby reducing PI3K and AKT activity. In addition, treatment with JQ1 inhibited MMP expression, thereby inhibiting degradation of the extracellular matrix by MMP and angiogenesis in GBM tumors. Suppression of AKT phosphorylation inhibited the expression of the retinoblastoma/E2F1 complex, resulting in cell cycle arrest. In addition, treatment with siBrd4 or JQ1 induced apoptosis by activating AKT downstream target genes involved in apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that Brd4 has great potential as a therapeutic target, and JQ1 has notable anti-tumor effects against GBM which may be mediated via the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiyan Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hongwu Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Libo Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hang Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang L, Shan X, Meng X, Gu T, Guo L, An X, Jiang Q, Ge H, Ning X. Novel Integrin αvβ3-Specific Ligand for the Sensitive Diagnosis of Glioblastoma. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3977-3984. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Shan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Guo
- Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, Collaborative Innovation Center of China Pharmaceutical University and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Xueying An
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiong Ge
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Patil R, Galstyan A, Sun T, Shatalova ES, Butte P, Mamelak AN, Carico C, Kittle DS, Grodzinski ZB, Chiechi A, Ding H, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Polymalic acid chlorotoxin nanoconjugate for near-infrared fluorescence guided resection of glioblastoma multiforme. Biomaterials 2019; 206:146-159. [PMID: 30933776 PMCID: PMC6574176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maximal surgical resection of glioma remains the single most effective treatment. Tools to guide the resection while avoiding removal of normal brain tissues can aid surgeons in achieving optimal results. One strategy to achieve this goal is to rely upon interoperative fluorescence staining of tumor cells in vivo, that can be visualized by the surgeon during resection. Towards this goal we have designed a biodegradable fluorescent mini nano imaging agent (NIA) with high specificity for U87MG glioma cells and previously unmet high light emission. The NIA is the conjugate of polymalic acid (PMLA) with chlorotoxin for tumor targeting, indocyanine green (ICG) for NIR fluorescence and the tri-leucin peptide as fluorescence enhancer. PMLA as a multivalent platform carries several molecules of ICG and the other ligands. The NIA recognizes multiple sites on glioma cell surface, demonstrated by the effects of single and combined competitors. Systemic IV injection into xenogeneic mouse model carrying human U87MG glioblastoma indicated vivid tumor cell binding and internalization of NIA resulting in intensive and long-lasting tumor fluorescence. The NIA is shown to greatly improve tumor removal supporting its utility in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Patil
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tao Sun
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ekaterina S Shatalova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pramod Butte
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adam N Mamelak
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christine Carico
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David S Kittle
- Blaze Bioscience, Inc. Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Zachary B Grodzinski
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui Ding
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Keith L Black
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Debie P, Hernot S. Emerging Fluorescent Molecular Tracers to Guide Intra-Operative Surgical Decision-Making. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:510. [PMID: 31139085 PMCID: PMC6527780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is an emerging technology that can provide real-time information about the operating field during cancer surgery. Non-specific fluorescent agents, used for the assessment of blood flow and sentinel lymph node detection, have so far dominated this field. However, over the last decade, several clinical studies have demonstrated the great potential of targeted fluorescent tracers to visualize tumor lesions in a more specific way. This has led to an exponential growth in the development of novel molecular fluorescent contrast agents. In this review, the design of fluorescent molecular tracers will be discussed, with particular attention for agents and approaches that are of interest for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for in vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY/MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shaw SK, Liu W, Gómez Durán CFA, Schreiber CL, Betancourt Mendiola MDL, Zhai C, Roland FM, Padanilam SJ, Smith BD. Non-Covalently Pre-Assembled High-Performance Near-Infrared Fluorescent Molecular Probes for Cancer Imaging. Chemistry 2018; 24:13821-13829. [PMID: 30022552 PMCID: PMC6415912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New fluorescent molecular probes, which can selectively target specific cell surface receptors, are needed for microscopy, in vivo imaging, and image guided surgery. The preparation of multivalent probes using standard synthetic chemistry can be a laborious process due to low reaction yields caused by steric effects. In this study, fluorescent molecular probes were prepared by a programmed non-covalent pre-assembly process that used a near-infrared fluorescent squaraine dye to thread a macrocycle bearing a cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide antagonist (cRGDfK) as a cancer targeting unit. Cell microscopy studies using OVCAR-4 (ovarian cancer) and A549 (lung cancer) cells that express high levels of the integrin αvβ3 or αvβ5 receptors, respectively, revealed a multivalent cell targeting effect. That is, there was comparatively more cell uptake of a pre-assembled probe equipped with two copies of the cRGDfK antagonist than a pre-assembled probe with only one appended cRGDfK antagonist. The remarkably high photostability and low phototoxicity of these near-infrared probes allowed for acquisition of long-term fluorescence movies showing endosome trafficking in living cells. In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging experiments compared the biodistribution of a targeted and untargeted probe in a xenograft mouse tumor model. The average tumor-to-muscle ratio for the pre-assembled targeted probe was 3.6 which matches the tumor targeting performance reported for analogous cRGDfK-based probes that were prepared entirely by covalent synthesis. The capability to excite these pre-assembled near-infrared fluorescent probes with blue or deep-red excitation light makes it possible to determine if a target site is located superficially or buried in tissue, a probe performance feature that is likely to be very helpful for eventual applications such as fluorescence guided surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | | | - Cynthia L Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | | | - Canjia Zhai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Felicia M Roland
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Simon J Padanilam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Napp J, Stammes MA, Claussen J, Prevoo HA, Sier CF, Hoeben FJ, Robillard MS, Vahrmeijer AL, Devling T, Chan AB, de Geus-Oei LF, Alves F. Fluorescence- and multispectral optoacoustic imaging for an optimized detection of deeply located tumors in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2118-2129. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Napp
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Lower Saxony Germany
- Clinic of Haematology and Medical Oncology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Lower Saxony Germany
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Lower Saxony Germany
| | - Marieke A. Stammes
- Percuros B.V., AE Enschede; The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jing Claussen
- iThera Medical GmbH, Zielstattstrasse; Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10; GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim Devling
- iThera Medical GmbH, Zielstattstrasse; Munich Germany
| | | | - Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden The Netherlands
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente; AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Alves
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Lower Saxony Germany
- Clinic of Haematology and Medical Oncology; University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen Lower Saxony Germany
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Lower Saxony Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Staderini M, Megia-Fernandez A, Dhaliwal K, Bradley M. Peptides for optical medical imaging and steps towards therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:2816-2826. [PMID: 29042225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical medical imaging is a rapidly growing area of research and development that offers a multitude of healthcare solutions both diagnostically and therapeutically. In this review, some of the most recently described peptide-based optical probes are reviewed with a special emphasis on their in vivo use and potential application in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Staderini
- School of Chemistry, EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Alicia Megia-Fernandez
- School of Chemistry, EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- EPSRC IRC Proteus Hub, MRC Centre of Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK; EPSRC IRC Proteus Hub, MRC Centre of Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Intraoperative fluorescence imaging allows real-time identification of diseased tissue during surgery without being influenced by brain shift and surgery interruption. 5-Aminolevulinic acid, useful for malignant gliomas and other tumors, is the most broadly explored compound approved for fluorescence-guided resection. Intravenous fluorescein sodium has recently received attention, highlighting tumor tissue based on extravasation at the blood-brain barrier (defective in many brain tumors). Fluorescein in perfused brain, unselective extravasation in brain perturbed by surgery, and propagation with edema are concerns. Fluorescein is not approved but targeted fluorochromes with affinity to brain tumor cells, in development, may offer future advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Univerity Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Eric Suero Molina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Univerity Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Haedicke K, Brand C, Omar M, Ntziachristos V, Reiner T, Grimm J. Sonophore labeled RGD: a targeted contrast agent for optoacoustic imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2017; 6:1-8. [PMID: 28393018 PMCID: PMC5376267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic imaging is a rapidly expanding field for the diagnosis, characterization, and treatment evaluation of cancer. However, the availability of tumor specific exogenous contrast agents is still limited. Here, we report on a small targeted contrast agent for optoacoustic imaging using a black hole quencher® (BHQ) dye. The sonophore BHQ-1 exhibited strong, concentration-dependent, optoacoustic signals in phantoms, demonstrating its ideal suitability for optoacoustic imaging. After labeling BHQ-1 with cyclic RGD-peptide, BHQ-1-cRGD specifically bound to αvβ3-integrin expressing glioblastoma cell spheroids in vitro. The excellent optoacoustic properties of BHQ-1-cRGD could furthermore be proven in vivo. Together with this emerging imaging modality, our sonophore labeled small peptide probe offers new possibilities for non-invasive detection of molecular structures with high resolution in vivo and furthers the specificity of optoacoustic imaging. Ultimately, the discovery of tailor-made sonophores might offer new avenues for various molecular optoacoustic imaging applications, similar to what we see with fluorescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Haedicke
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Brand
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murad Omar
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Pharmacology Program and Department of Radiology
- Corresponding author. 1275 York Ave, Box 248, New York, NY 10065.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Handgraaf HJM, Boonstra MC, Prevoo HAJM, Kuil J, Bordo MW, Boogerd LSF, Sibinga Mulder BG, Sier CFM, Vinkenburg-van Slooten ML, Valentijn ARPM, Burggraaf J, van de Velde CJH, Frangioni JV, Vahrmeijer AL. Real-time near-infrared fluorescence imaging using cRGD-ZW800-1 for intraoperative visualization of multiple cancer types. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21054-21066. [PMID: 28416744 PMCID: PMC5400565 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete resections and damage to critical structures increase morbidity and mortality of patients with cancer. Targeted intraoperative fluorescence imaging aids surgeons by providing real-time visualization of tumors and vital structures. This study evaluated the tumor-targeted zwitterionic near-infrared fluorescent peptide cRGD-ZW800-1 as tracer for intraoperative imaging of multiple cancer types. cRGD-ZW800-1 was validated in vitro on glioblastoma (U-87 MG) and colorectal (HT-29) cell lines. Subsequently, the tracer was tested in orthotopic mouse models with HT-29, breast (MCF-7), pancreatic (BxPC-3), and oral (OSC-19) tumors. Dose-ranging studies, including doses of 0.25, 1.0, 10, and 30 nmol, in xenograft tumor models suggest an optimal dose of 10 nmol, corresponding to a human equivalent dose of 63 μg/kg, and an optimal imaging window between 2 and 24 h post-injection. The mean half-life of cRGD-ZW800-1 in blood was 25 min. Biodistribution at 4 h showed the highest fluorescence signals in tumors and kidneys. In vitro and in vivo competition experiments showed significantly lower fluorescence signals when U-87 MG cells (minus 36%, p = 0.02) or HT-29 tumor bearing mice (TBR at 4 h 3.2 ± 0.5 vs 1.8 ± 0.4, p = 0.03) were simultaneously treated with unlabeled cRGD. cRGD-ZW800-1 visualized in vivo all colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and oral tumor xenografts in mice. Screening for off-target interactions, cRGD-ZW800-1 showed only inhibition of COX-2, likely due to binding of cRGD-ZW800-1 to integrin αVβ3. Due to its recognition of various integrins, which are expressed on malignant and neoangiogenic cells, it is expected that cRGD-ZW800-1 will provide a sensitive and generic tool to visualize cancer during surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin C Boonstra
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joeri Kuil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leonora S F Boogerd
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - A Rob P M Valentijn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - John V Frangioni
- Curadel, LLC, Marlborough, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A.,Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gao M, Yu F, Lv C, Choo J, Chen L. Fluorescent chemical probes for accurate tumor diagnosis and targeting therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2237-2271. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on small molecular ligand-targeted fluorescent imaging probes and fluorescent theranostics, including their design strategies and applications in clinical tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Senders JT, Muskens IS, Schnoor R, Karhade AV, Cote DJ, Smith TR, Broekman MLD. Agents for fluorescence-guided glioma surgery: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical results. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:151-167. [PMID: 27878374 PMCID: PMC5177668 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-016-3028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a technique used to enhance visualization of tumor margins in order to increase the extent of tumor resection in glioma surgery. In this paper, we systematically review all clinically tested fluorescent agents for application in FGS for glioma and all preclinically tested agents with the potential for FGS for glioma. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for all potentially relevant studies through March 2016. We assessed fluorescent agents by the following outcomes: rate of gross total resection (GTR), overall and progression-free survival, sensitivity and specificity in discriminating tumor and healthy brain tissue, tumor-to-normal ratio of fluorescent signal, and incidence of adverse events. RESULTS The search strategy resulted in 2155 articles that were screened by titles and abstracts. After full-text screening, 105 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria evaluating the following fluorescent agents: 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (44 studies, including three randomized control trials), fluorescein (11), indocyanine green (five), hypericin (two), 5-aminofluorescein-human serum albumin (one), endogenous fluorophores (nine) and fluorescent agents in a pre-clinical testing phase (30). Three meta-analyses were also identified. CONCLUSIONS 5-ALA is the only fluorescent agent that has been tested in a randomized controlled trial and results in an improvement of GTR and progression-free survival in high-grade gliomas. Observational cohort studies and case series suggest similar outcomes for FGS using fluorescein. Molecular targeting agents (e.g., fluorophore/nanoparticle labeled with anti-EGFR antibodies) are still in the pre-clinical phase, but offer promising results and may be valuable future alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joeky T Senders
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo S Muskens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Schnoor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aditya V Karhade
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David J Cote
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cushing Neurosurgery Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xie B, Stammes MA, van Driel PBAA, Cruz LJ, Knol-Blankevoort VT, Löwik MAM, Mezzanotte L, Que I, Chan A, van den Wijngaard JPHM, Siebes M, Gottschalk S, Razansky D, Ntziachristos V, Keereweer S, Horobin RW, Hoehn M, Kaijzel EL, van Beek ER, Snoeks TJA, Löwik CWGM. Necrosis avid near infrared fluorescent cyanines for imaging cell death and their use to monitor therapeutic efficacy in mouse tumor models. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39036-49. [PMID: 26472022 PMCID: PMC4770755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of tumor necrosis in cancer patients is of diagnostic value as the amount of necrosis is correlated with disease prognosis and it could also be used to predict early efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. In the present study, we identified two near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) carboxylated cyanines, HQ5 and IRDye 800CW (800CW), which possess strong necrosis avidity. In vitro studies showed that both dyes selectively bind to cytoplasmic proteins of dead cells that have lost membrane integrity. Affinity for cytoplasmic proteins was confirmed using quantitative structure activity relations modeling. In vivo results, using NIRF and optoacoustic imaging, confirmed the necrosis avid properties of HQ5 and 800CW in a mouse 4T1 breast cancer tumor model of spontaneous necrosis. Finally, in a mouse EL4 lymphoma tumor model, already 24 h post chemotherapy, a significant increase in 800CW fluorescence intensity was observed in treated compared to untreated tumors. In conclusion, we show, for the first time, that the NIRF carboxylated cyanines HQ5 and 800CW possess strong necrosis avid properties in vitro and in vivo. When translated to the clinic, these dyes may be used for diagnostic or prognostic purposes and for monitoring in vivo tumor response early after the start of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangwen Xie
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke A Stammes
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Percuros BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.,In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pieter B A A van Driel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Percuros BV, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vicky T Knol-Blankevoort
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Percuros BV, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn A M Löwik
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Que
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros BV, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen P H M van den Wijngaard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Siebes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Gottschalk
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stijn Keereweer
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W Horobin
- School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Percuros BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.,In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ermond R van Beek
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Medres, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas J A Snoeks
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Löwik
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Belykh E, Martirosyan NL, Yagmurlu K, Miller EJ, Eschbacher JM, Izadyyazdanabadi M, Bardonova LA, Byvaltsev VA, Nakaji P, Preul MC. Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging for Personalized Brain Tumor Resection: Current State and Future Directions. Front Surg 2016; 3:55. [PMID: 27800481 PMCID: PMC5066076 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluorescence-guided surgery is one of the rapidly emerging methods of surgical "theranostics." In this review, we summarize current fluorescence techniques used in neurosurgical practice for brain tumor patients as well as future applications of recent laboratory and translational studies. METHODS Review of the literature. RESULTS A wide spectrum of fluorophores that have been tested for brain surgery is reviewed. Beginning with a fluorescein sodium application in 1948 by Moore, fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery is either routinely applied in some centers or is under active study in clinical trials. Besides the trinity of commonly used drugs (fluorescein sodium, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and indocyanine green), less studied fluorescent stains, such as tetracyclines, cancer-selective alkylphosphocholine analogs, cresyl violet, acridine orange, and acriflavine, can be used for rapid tumor detection and pathological tissue examination. Other emerging agents, such as activity-based probes and targeted molecular probes that can provide biomolecular specificity for surgical visualization and treatment, are reviewed. Furthermore, we review available engineering and optical solutions for fluorescent surgical visualization. Instruments for fluorescent-guided surgery are divided into wide-field imaging systems and hand-held probes. Recent advancements in quantitative fluorescence-guided surgery are discussed. CONCLUSION We are standing on the threshold of the era of marker-assisted tumor management. Innovations in the fields of surgical optics, computer image analysis, and molecular bioengineering are advancing fluorescence-guided tumor resection paradigms, leading to cell-level approaches to visualization and resection of brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Belykh
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay L. Martirosyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kaan Yagmurlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric J. Miller
- University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Eschbacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammadhassan Izadyyazdanabadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Liudmila A. Bardonova
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Byvaltsev
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Peter Nakaji
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark C. Preul
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kanduluru AK, Srinivasarao M, Low PS. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Targeted Near-IR Dye for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Neuroendocrine Cancers. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2157-65. [PMID: 27529726 PMCID: PMC5343518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) is implicated in the growth and metastasis of many tumors, including cancers of the brain (e.g., gliomas, glioblastomas, and astrocytomas), skin (e.g., melanomas), and neuroendocrine tissues (cancers of the breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx, and colon). Because overexpression of NK1R has been reported in most of these malignancies, we have undertaken designing an NK1R-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye for fluorescence-guided surgeries of these cancers. We demonstrate here that an NK1R-binding ligand linked to the NIR dye LS288 selectively accumulates in NK1R-expressing tumor xenografts with high affinity (Kd = 13 nM), allowing intraoperative imaging of these cancers in live mice. Because tumor accumulation is nearly quantitatively blocked by excess unlabeled ligand, and because NK1R-negative tumors and normal tissues display virtually no uptake, we conclude that the observed tumor retention is NK1R-mediated. Results on the synthesis, in vitro characterization, and animal testing of NK1R-targeted NIR dye are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Kumar Kanduluru
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Madduri Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Martelli C, Dico AL, Diceglie C, Lucignani G, Ottobrini L. Optical imaging probes in oncology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:48753-48787. [PMID: 27145373 PMCID: PMC5217050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, characterized by alteration of different physiological molecular processes and cellular features. Keeping this in mind, the possibility of early identification and detection of specific tumor biomarkers by non-invasive approaches could improve early diagnosis and patient management.Different molecular imaging procedures provide powerful tools for detection and non-invasive characterization of oncological lesions. Clinical studies are mainly based on the use of computed tomography, nuclear-based imaging techniques and magnetic resonance imaging. Preclinical imaging in small animal models entails the use of dedicated instruments, and beyond the already cited imaging techniques, it includes also optical imaging studies. Optical imaging strategies are based on the use of luminescent or fluorescent reporter genes or injectable fluorescent or luminescent probes that provide the possibility to study tumor features even by means of fluorescence and luminescence imaging. Currently, most of these probes are used only in animal models, but the possibility of applying some of them also in the clinics is under evaluation.The importance of tumor imaging, the ease of use of optical imaging instruments, the commercial availability of a wide range of probes as well as the continuous description of newly developed probes, demonstrate the significance of these applications. The aim of this review is providing a complete description of the possible optical imaging procedures available for the non-invasive assessment of tumor features in oncological murine models. In particular, the characteristics of both commercially available and newly developed probes will be outlined and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Umberto Veronesi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Craig SEL, Wright J, Sloan AE, Brady-Kalnay SM. Fluorescent-Guided Surgical Resection of Glioma with Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents: A Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2016; 90:154-163. [PMID: 26915698 PMCID: PMC4915969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The median life expectancy after a diagnosis of glioblastoma is 15 months. Although chemotherapeutics may someday cure glioblastoma by killing the highly dispersive malignant cells, the most important contribution that clinicians can currently offer to improve survival is by maximizing the extent of resection and providing concurrent chemo-radiation, which has become standard. Strides have been made in this area with the advent and implementation of methods of improved intraoperative tumor visualization. One of these techniques, optical fluorescent imaging with targeted molecular imaging agents, allows the surgeon to view fluorescently labeled tumor tissue during surgery with the use of special microscopy, thereby highlighting where to resect and indicating when tumor-free margins have been obtained. This advantage is especially important at the difficult-to-observe margins where tumor cells infiltrate normal tissue. Targeted fluorescent agents also may be valuable for identifying tumor versus nontumor tissue. In this review, we briefly summarize nontargeted fluorescent tumor imaging agents before discussing several novel targeted fluorescent agents being developed for glioma imaging in the context of fluorescent-guided surgery or live molecular navigation. Many of these agents are currently undergoing preclinical testing. As the agents become available, however, it is necessary to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya E L Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James Wright
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Huang R, Harmsen S, Samii JM, Karabeber H, Pitter KL, Holland EC, Kircher MF. High Precision Imaging of Microscopic Spread of Glioblastoma with a Targeted Ultrasensitive SERRS Molecular Imaging Probe. Theranostics 2016; 6:1075-84. [PMID: 27279902 PMCID: PMC4893636 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dismal prognosis of patients with malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is attributed mostly to their diffuse growth pattern and early microscopic tumor spread to distant regions of the brain. Because the microscopic tumor foci cannot be visualized with current imaging modalities, it remains impossible to direct treatments optimally. Here we explored the ability of integrin-targeted surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) nanoparticles to depict the true tumor extent in a GBM mouse model that closely mimics the pathology in humans. The recently developed SERRS-nanoparticles have a sensitivity of detection in the femtomolar range. An RGD-peptide-conjugated version for integrin-targeting (RGD-SERRS) was compared directly to its non-targeted RAD-SERRS control in the same mice via Raman multiplexing. Pre-blocking with RGD peptide before injection of RGD-SERRS nanoparticles was used to verify the specificity of integrin-targeting. In contrast to the current belief that the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect results in a baseline uptake of nanoparticles regardless of their surface chemistry, integrin-targeting was shown to be highly specific, with markedly lower accumulation after pre-blocking. While the non-targeted SERRS particles enabled delineation of the main tumor, the RGD-SERRS nanoparticles afforded a major improvement in visualization of the true extent and the diffuse margins of the main tumor. This included the detection of unexpected tumor areas distant to the main tumor, tracks of migrating cells of 2-3 cells in diameter, and even isolated distant tumor cell clusters of less than 5 cells. This Raman spectroscopy-based nanoparticle-imaging technology holds promise to allow high precision visualization of the true extent of malignant brain tumors.
Collapse
|
37
|
Jing H, Weidensteiner C, Reichardt W, Gaedicke S, Zhu X, Grosu AL, Kobayashi H, Niedermann G. Imaging and Selective Elimination of Glioblastoma Stem Cells with Theranostic Near-Infrared-Labeled CD133-Specific Antibodies. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:862-74. [PMID: 27162556 PMCID: PMC4860894 DOI: 10.7150/thno.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), which employs monoclonal antibody (mAb)-phototoxic phthalocyanine dye IR700 conjugates, permits the specific, image-guided and spatiotemporally controlled elimination of tumor cells. Here, we report the highly efficient NIR-PIT of human tumor xenografts initiated from patient-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). Using glioblastoma stem cells (GBM-SCs) expressing the prototypic CSC marker AC133/CD133, we also demonstrate here for the first time that NIR-PIT is highly effective against brain tumors. The intravenously injected theranostic AC133 mAb conjugate enabled the non-invasive detection of orthotopic gliomas by NIR fluorescence imaging, and reached AC133+ GBM-SCs at the invasive tumor front. AC133-targeted NIR-PIT induced the rapid cell death of AC133+ GBM-SCs and thereby strong shrinkage of both subcutaneous and invasively growing brain tumors. A single round of NIR-PIT extended the overall survival of mice with established orthotopic gliomas by more than a factor of two, even though the harmless NIR light was applied through the intact skull. Humanised versions of this theranostic agent may facilitate intraoperative imaging and histopathological evaluation of tumor borders and enable the highly specific and efficient eradication of CSCs.
Collapse
|
38
|
Intraoperative Identification of Liver Cancer Microfoci Using a Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Imaging-Guided Surgery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21959. [PMID: 26923919 PMCID: PMC4770417 DOI: 10.1038/srep21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in the highly sensitive detection of tumour microfoci represent a critical obstacle toward improved surgical intervention in liver cancer. Conventional preoperative imaging methods and surgeons’ subjective experience are limited by their inability to effectively detect tumour lesions measuring less than 2 mm; however, intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging may overcome this limitation. Here, we synthesised an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) highly loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) dye that could accurately delineate liver cancer margins and provide excellent tumour-to-normal tissue contrast intraoperatively. The increased ICG loading capacity and tumour specificity enabled the identification of residual microtumours and satellite lesions measuring less than 1 mm in living mice. Histological analysis validated the sensitivity and accuracy of this approach. We believe this technique utilising a new fluorescent nanoprobe with intraoperative optical imaging may offer a more sensitive and accurate method for liver cancer resection guidance, resulting in better surgical outcomes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Liposomally formulated phospholipid-conjugated indocyanine green for intra-operative brain tumor detection and resection. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:401-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
40
|
Boonstra MC, Prakash J, Van De Velde CJH, Mesker WE, Kuppen PJK, Vahrmeijer AL, Sier CFM. Stromal Targets for Fluorescent-Guided Oncologic Surgery. Front Oncol 2015; 5:254. [PMID: 26636036 PMCID: PMC4653299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative imaging techniques are essential for tumor detection and diagnosis, but offer limited help during surgery. Recently, the applicability of imaging during oncologic surgery has been recognized, using near-infrared fluorescent dyes conjugated to targeting antibodies, peptides, or other vehicles. Image-guided oncologic surgery (IGOS) assists the surgeFon to distinguish tumor from normal tissue during operation, and can aid in recognizing vital structures. IGOS relies on an optimized combination of a dedicated fluorescent camera system and specific probes for targeting. IGOS probes for clinical use are not widely available yet, but numerous pre-clinical studies have been published and clinical trials are being established or prepared. Most of the investigated probes are based on antibodies or peptides against proteins on the membranes of malignant cells, whereas others are directed against stromal cells. Targeting stroma cells for IGOS has several advantages. Besides the high stromal content in more aggressive tumor types, the stroma is often primarily located at the periphery/invasive front of the tumor, which makes stromal targets particularly suited for imaging purposes. Moreover, because stroma up-regulation is a physiological reaction, most proteins to be targeted on these cells are “universal” and not derived from a specific genetic variation, as is the case with many upregulated proteins on malignant cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Boonstra
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente , Enschede , Netherlands
| | | | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , Netherlands ; Antibodies for Research Applications BV , Gouda , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cohen AS, Patek R, Enkemann SA, Johnson JO, Chen T, Toloza E, Vagner J, Morse DL. Delta-Opioid Receptor (δOR) Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Agent for Imaging of Lung Cancer: Synthesis and Evaluation In Vitro and In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:427-38. [PMID: 26488422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and ranks second in the number of new cases annually among all types of cancers. Better methods or tools for diagnosing and treating this disease are needed to improve patient outcomes. The delta-opioid receptor (δOR) is reported to be overexpressed in lung cancers and not expressed in normal lung. Thus, we decided to develop a lung cancer-specific imaging agent targeting this receptor. We have previously developed a δOR-targeted fluorescent imaging agent based on a synthetic peptide antagonist (Dmt-Tic) conjugated to a Cy5 fluorescent dye. In this work, we describe the synthesis of Dmt-Tic conjugated to a longer wavelength near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dye, Li-cor IR800CW. Binding affinity of Dmt-Tic-IR800 for the δOR was studied using lanthanide time-resolved fluorescence (LTRF) competitive binding assays in cells engineered to overexpress the δOR. In addition, we identified lung cancer cell lines with high and low endogenous expression of the δOR. We confirmed protein expression in these cell lines using confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging and used this technique to estimate the cell-surface receptor number in the endogenously expressing lung cancer cell lines. The selectivity of Dmt-Tic-IR800 for imaging of the δOR in vivo was shown using both engineered cell lines and endogenously expressing lung cancer cells in subcutaneous xenograft models in mice. In conclusion, the δOR-specific fluorescent probe developed in this study displays excellent potential for imaging of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Patek
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | | | | | | | - Eric Toloza
- Departments of Surgery and of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Josef Vagner
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cocco E, Shapiro EM, Gasparrini S, Lopez S, Schwab CL, Bellone S, Bortolomai I, Sumi NJ, Bonazzoli E, Nicoletti R, Deng Y, Saltzman WM, Zeiss CJ, Centritto F, Black JD, Silasi DA, Ratner E, Azodi M, Rutherford TJ, Schwartz PE, Pecorelli S, Santin AD. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin C-terminal domain labeled to fluorescent dyes for in vivo visualization of micrometastatic chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2618-29. [PMID: 26060989 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identification of micrometastatic disease at the time of surgery remains extremely challenging in ovarian cancer patients. We used fluorescence microscopy, an in vivo imaging system and a fluorescence stereo microscope to evaluate fluorescence distribution in Claudin-3- and -4-overexpressing ovarian tumors, floating tumor clumps isolated from ascites and healthy organs. To do so, mice harboring chemotherapy-naïve and chemotherapy-resistant human ovarian cancer xenografts or patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were treated with the carboxyl-terminal binding domain of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-CPE) conjugated to FITC (FITC-c-CPE) or the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent tag IRDye CW800 (CW800-c-CPE) either intraperitoneally (IP) or intravenously (IV). We found tumor fluorescence to plateau at 30 min after IP injection of both the FITC-c-CPE and the CW800-c-CPE peptides and to be significantly higher than in healthy organs (p < 0.01). After IV injection of CW800-c-CPE, tumor fluorescence plateaued at 6 hr while the most favorable tumor-to-background fluorescence ratio (TBR) was found at 48 hr in both mouse models. Importantly, fluorescent c-CPE was highly sensitive for the in vivo visualization of peritoneal micrometastatic tumor implants and the identification of ovarian tumor spheroids floating in malignant ascites that were otherwise not detectable by conventional visual observation. The use of the fluorescent c-CPE peptide may represent a novel and effective optical approach at the time of primary debulking surgery for the real-time detection of micrometastatic ovarian disease overexpressing the Claudin-3 and -4 receptors or the identification of residual disease at the time of interval debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cocco
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palazzetto Polifunzionale, Brescia, Italy
| | - Erik M Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Sara Gasparrini
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Salvatore Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlton L Schwab
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Stefania Bellone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ileana Bortolomai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Natalia J Sumi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Elena Bonazzoli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Roberta Nicoletti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Caroline J Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Floriana Centritto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jonathan D Black
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Dan-Arin Silasi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Elena Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Masoud Azodi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Thomas J Rutherford
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Peter E Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sergio Pecorelli
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang ZZ, Shields LBE, Sun DA, Zhang YP, Hunt MA, Shields CB. The Art of Intraoperative Glioma Identification. Front Oncol 2015; 5:175. [PMID: 26284196 PMCID: PMC4520021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major dilemma in brain-tumor surgery is the identification of tumor boundaries to maximize tumor excision and minimize postoperative neurological damage. Gliomas, especially low-grade tumors, and normal brain have a similar color and texture, which poses a challenge to the neurosurgeon. Advances in glioma resection techniques combine the experience of the neurosurgeon and various advanced technologies. Intraoperative methods to delineate gliomas from normal tissue consist of (1) image-based navigation, (2) intraoperative sampling, (3) electrophysiological monitoring, and (4) enhanced visual tumor demarcation. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed. A combination of these methods is becoming widely accepted in routine glioma surgery. Gross total resection in conjunction with radiation, chemotherapy, or immune/gene therapy may increase the rates of cure in this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Z Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - David A Sun
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - Matthew A Hunt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Christopher B Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare , Louisville, KY , USA ; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, KY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that a more extensive surgical resection is associated with an improved life expectancy for both low-grade and high-grade glioma patients. However, radiographically complete resections are not often achieved in many cases because of the lack of sensitivity and specificity of current neurosurgical guidance techniques at the margins of diffuse infiltrative gliomas. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging offers the potential to improve the extent of resection and to investigate the possible benefits of resecting beyond the radiographic margins. Here, we provide a review of wide-field and high-resolution fluorescence-imaging strategies that are being developed for neurosurgical guidance, with a focus on emerging imaging technologies and clinically viable contrast agents. The strengths and weaknesses of these approaches will be discussed, as well as issues that are being addressed to translate these technologies into the standard of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T C Liu
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; ‡Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li Y, Du Y, Liu X, Zhang Q, Jing L, Liang X, Chi C, Dai Z, Tian J. Monitoring Tumor Targeting and Treatment Effects of IRDye 800CW and GX1-Conjugated Polylactic Acid Nanoparticles Encapsulating Endostar on Glioma by Optical Molecular Imaging. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Jing
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongwei Chi
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- From the School of Automation and Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Haerbin, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Atallah I, Milet C, Henry M, Josserand V, Reyt E, Coll JL, Hurbin A, Righini CA. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided surgery improves recurrence-free survival rate in novel orthotopic animal model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E246-55. [PMID: 25546527 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate animal models are required to test novel therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) such as near-infrared (NIR) imaging-guided surgery. METHODS We developed an optimized animal model of orthotopic HNSCC (in female athymic NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) nude mice) with a prolonged survival time. Resection of the orthotopic tumors was performed 30 days after implantation with or without the aid of a miniaturized clinical grade NIR optical imaging device, after systemic administration of a fluorescent RGD-based probe that targets αv β3 integrin. RESULTS NIR optical imaging-guided surgery increased the recurrence-free survival rate by 50% through the detection of fluorescent cancer residues as small as 185 µm; these fragments could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under unaided visual guidance. CONCLUSION NIR optical imaging-guided surgery showed an improved HNSCC tumor resection quality in our optimized orthotopic animal model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E246-E255, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Atallah
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Grenoble University Hospital, Cedex, France
| | - Clément Milet
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Maxime Henry
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Josserand
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Emile Reyt
- Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Grenoble University Hospital, Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Amandine Hurbin
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Christian Adrien Righini
- INSERM U823, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Grenoble University Hospital, Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Warram JM, de Boer E, Korb M, Hartman Y, Kovar J, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Rosenthal EL. Fluorescence-guided resection of experimental malignant glioma using cetuximab-IRDye 800CW. Br J Neurosurg 2015; 29:850-8. [PMID: 26073144 DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2015.1056090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The standard treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains maximal safe surgical resection. Here, we evaluated the ability of a systemically administered antibody-dye probe conjugate (cetuximab-IRDye 800CW) to provide sufficient fluorescent contrast for surgical resection of disease in both subcutaneous and orthotopic animal models of GBM. Multiple luciferase-positive GBM cell lines (D-54MG, U-87MG, and U-251MG; n = 5) were implanted in mouse flank and tumors were fluorescently imaged daily using a closed-field near-infrared (NIR) system after cetuximab-IRDye 800CW systemic administration. Orthotopic models were also generated (n = 5), and tumor resection was performed under white light and fluorescence guidance using an FDA-approved wide-field NIR imaging system. Residual tumor was monitored using luciferase imaging. Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize tumor fluorescence, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, and vessel density. Daily imaging of tumors revealed an average tumor-to-background (TBR) of 4.5 for U-87MG, 4.1 for D-54MG, and 3.7 for U-251MG. Fluorescence intensity within the tumors peaked on day-1 after cetuximab-IRDye 800CW administration, however the TBR increased over time in two of the three cell lines. For the orthotopic model, TBR on surgery day ranged from 19 to 23 during wide-field, intraoperative imaging. Surgical resection under white light on day 3 after cetuximab-IRDye 800CW resulted in an average 41% reduction in luciferase signal while fluorescence-guided resection using wide-field NIR imaging resulted in a significantly (P = 0.001) greater reduction in luciferase signal (87%). Reduction of luciferase signal was found to correlate (R (2) = 0.99) with reduction in fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence intensity was found to correlate (P < 0.05) with EGFR expression in D-54MG and U-251MG tumor types but not U-87MG. However, tumor fluorescence was found to correlate with vessel density for the U-87MG tumors. Here we show systemic administration of cetuximab-IRDye 800CW in combination with wide-field NIR imaging provided robust and specific fluorescence contrast for successful localization of disease in subcutaneous and orthotopic animal models of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Warram
- a Department of Surgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA
| | - Esther de Boer
- a Department of Surgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA.,d Department of Surgery , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Korb
- a Department of Surgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA
| | - Yolanda Hartman
- a Department of Surgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA
| | - Joy Kovar
- c LI-COR Biosciences , Lincoln, Nebraska , USA
| | - James M Markert
- b Department of Neurosurgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- b Department of Neurosurgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- a Department of Surgery , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mooney MA, Zehri AH, Georges JF, Nakaji P. Laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy in the neurosurgical operating room: a review and discussion of future applications. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 36:E9. [PMID: 24484262 DOI: 10.3171/2013.11.focus13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy (LSCE) is an emerging technology for examining brain neoplasms in vivo. While great advances have been made in macroscopic fluorescence in recent years, the ability to perform confocal microscopy in vivo expands the potential of fluorescent tumor labeling, can improve intraoperative tissue diagnosis, and provides real-time guidance for tumor resection intraoperatively. In this review, the authors highlight the technical aspects of confocal endomicroscopy and fluorophores relevant to the neurosurgeon, provide a comprehensive summary of LSCE in animal and human neurosurgical studies to date, and discuss the future directions and potential for LSCE in neurosurgery.
Collapse
|
49
|
Karabeber H, Huang R, Iacono P, Samii JM, Pitter K, Holland EC, Kircher MF. Guiding brain tumor resection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles and a hand-held Raman scanner. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9755-66. [PMID: 25093240 PMCID: PMC4212801 DOI: 10.1021/nn503948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The current difficulty in visualizing the true extent of malignant brain tumors during surgical resection represents one of the major reasons for the poor prognosis of brain tumor patients. Here, we evaluated the ability of a hand-held Raman scanner, guided by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles, to identify the microscopic tumor extent in a genetically engineered RCAS/tv-a glioblastoma mouse model. In a simulated intraoperative scenario, we tested both a static Raman imaging device and a mobile, hand-held Raman scanner. We show that SERS image-guided resection is more accurate than resection using white light visualization alone. Both methods complemented each other, and correlation with histology showed that SERS nanoparticles accurately outlined the extent of the tumors. Importantly, the hand-held Raman probe not only allowed near real-time scanning, but also detected additional microscopic foci of cancer in the resection bed that were not seen on static SERS images and would otherwise have been missed. This technology has a strong potential for clinical translation because it uses inert gold-silica SERS nanoparticles and a hand-held Raman scanner that can guide brain tumor resection in the operating room.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Karabeber
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Pasquale Iacono
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jason M. Samii
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Ken Pitter
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eric C. Holland
- Human Biology and Solid Tumor Translational Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98019, United States
| | - Moritz F. Kircher
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Terry SYA, Abiraj K, Lok J, Gerrits D, Franssen GM, Oyen WJG, Boerman OC. Can 111In-RGD2 monitor response to therapy in head and neck tumor xenografts? J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1849-55. [PMID: 25349221 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.144394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED RGD (arginylglycylaspartic acid)-based imaging tracers allow specific imaging of integrin αvβ3 expression, proteins overexpressed during angiogenesis; however, few studies have investigated the potential of these tracers to monitor responses of antiangiogenic or radiation therapy. In the studies presented here, (111)In-RGD2 was assessed for its potential as an imaging tool to monitor such responses to therapies. METHODS DOTA-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 was radiolabeled with (111)In ((111)In-RGD2), and biodistribution studies were performed in mice with subcutaneous FaDu or SK-RC-52 xenografts after treatment with either antiangiogenic therapy (bevacizumab or sorafenib) or tumor irradiation (10 Gy). Micro-SPECT imaging studies and subsequent quantitative analysis were also performed. The effect of bevacizumab, sorafenib, or radiation therapy on tumor growth was determined. RESULTS The uptake of (111)In-RGD2 in tumors, as determined from biodistribution studies, correlated well with that quantified from micro-SPECT images, and both showed that 15 d after irradiation (111)In-RGD2 uptake was enhanced. Specific or nonspecific uptake of (111)In-RGD2 in FaDu or SK-RC-52 xenografts was not affected after antiangiogenic therapy, except in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 19 d after the start of sorafenib therapy (P < 0.05). The uptake of (111)In-RGD2 followed tumor volume in studies featuring antiangiogenic therapy. However, the uptake of (111)In-RGD2 in FaDu xenografts was decreased as early as 4 h after tumor irradiation, despite nonspecific uptake remaining unaltered. Tumor growth was inhibited after antiangiogenic or radiation therapy. CONCLUSION Here, it is suggested that (111)In-RGD2 could allow in vivo monitoring of angiogenic responses after radiotherapy and may therefore prove a good clinical tool to monitor angiogenic responses early after the start of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Despite clear antitumor efficacy, antiangiogenic therapy did not alter tumor uptake of (111)In-RGD2, indicating that integrin expression was not altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Y A Terry
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Department of Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keelara Abiraj
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Jasper Lok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Gerrits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|