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Letafati A, Bahari M, Salahi Ardekani O, Nayerain Jazi N, Nikzad A, norouzi F, Mahdavi B, Aboofazeli A, Mozhgani SH. HTLV-1 vaccination Landscape: Current developments and challenges. Vaccine X 2024; 19:100525. [PMID: 39105133 PMCID: PMC11298643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that is distinguished for its correlation to myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). As well, HTLV-1 has been documented to have links with other inflammatory diseases, such as uveitis and dermatitis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global distribution of HTLV-1 infection is estimated to extend between 5 and 10 million individuals. Recent efforts in HTLV-1 vaccine development primarily involve selecting viral components, such as antigens, from structural and non-structural proteins. These components are chosen to trigger a vigorous immune response from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), helper T lymphocytes (HTLs), and B cells. Investigation into developing a vaccine against HTLV-1 is ongoing, and current surveys have explored several approaches, including viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, protein and peptide vaccines, dendritic cell-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and other platforms. Despite these investigations have shown promising results, challenges like the necessity for long-term protective immunity, addressing viral diversity, and managing potential side effects remain. It is critical to keep track of the progress made in HTLV-1 vaccination research to comprehend the development status and its possible impacts. The evolving nature of vaccine development underscores the importance of staying informed about advancements as we strive to combat HTLV-1-associated diseases through effective vaccination strategies. In this review, our goal is to provide an overview of the current status of HTLV-1 vaccination efforts, emphasizing the progress, challenges, and potential future directions in this vital area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Bahari
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Nayerain Jazi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abuzar Nikzad
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale Universita’ di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Farnaz norouzi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Mahdavi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Aboofazeli
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Jimbo K, Kawamata T, Inamoto Y, Ito A, Yokoyama K, Sato A, Fukuda T, Uchimaru K, Nannya Y. Flow cytometric profiles with CD7 and CADM1 in CD4+ T cells are promising indicators for prognosis of aggressive ATL. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3760-3770. [PMID: 38820467 PMCID: PMC11298825 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a poor prognosis hematological malignancy originating from human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1)-infected CD4+ T cells. Flow cytometric plots of CADM1 and CD7 in CD4+ T cells are useful for separating HTLV-1-uninfected T cells and ATL cells. They are indicators of clonal evolution of HTLV-1-infected cells and disease progression of asymptomatic carriers or indolent ATL. However, the impacts of the plots on the clinical course or prognosis of ATL, especially in aggressive ATL, remain unclear. We focused on the N fraction (CD4+ CADM1+ CD7-) reflecting ATL cells and analyzed the flow cytometric profiles and clinical course of 497 samples from 92 HTLV-1-infected patients who were mainly aggressive ATL. The parameters based on N fractions showed significant correlations with known indicators of ATL disease status (soluble interleukin-2 receptor, lactate dehydrogenase, abnormal lymphocytes, etc.) and sensitively reflected the treatment response of aggressive ATL. The parameters based on N fractions significantly stratified the prognosis of aggressive ATL at 4 different time points: before treatment, after 1 course of chemotherapy, at the best response after chemotherapy, and before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Even after mogamulizumab administration, which shows potent effects for peripheral blood lesions, the N fraction was still a useful indicator for prognostic estimation. In summary, this report shows that CADM1 vs CD7 plots in CD4+ T cells are useful indicators of the clinical course and prognosis of aggressive ATL. Therefore, this CADM1 and CD7 profile is suggested to be a useful prognostic indicator consistently from HTLV-1 carriers to aggressive ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Jimbo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Kawamata
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Ito
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Sato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hagiyama M, Yoneshige A, Wada A, Kimura R, Ito S, Inoue T, Takeuchi F, Ito A. Efficient intracellular drug delivery by co-administration of two antibodies against cell adhesion molecule 1. J Control Release 2024; 371:603-618. [PMID: 38782061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a single-pass transmembrane protein, is involved in oncogenesis. We previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CADM1 ectodomain monoclonal antibodies against mesothelioma; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we explored the molecular behavior of anti-CADM1 antibodies in CADM1-expressing tumor cells. Sequencing analyses revealed that the anti-CADM1 chicken monoclonal antibodies 3E1 and 9D2 are IgY and IgM isotype antibodies, respectively. Co-administration of 3E1 and 9D2 altered the subcellular distribution of CADM1 from the detergent-soluble fraction to the detergent-resistant fraction in tumor cells. Using recombinant chicken-mouse chimeric antibodies that had been isotype-switched from IgG to IgM, we demonstrated that the combination of the variable region of 3E1 and the constant region of IgM was required for CADM1 relocation. Cytochemical studies showed that 3E1 colocalized with late endosomes/lysosomes after co-administration with 9D2, suggesting that the CADM1-antibody complex is internalized from the cell surface to intracellular compartments by lipid-raft mediated endocytosis. Finally, 3E1 was conjugated with the antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a cathepsin-cleavable linker. Co-administration of 3E1-monomethyl auristatin E and 9D2 suppressed the growth of multiple types of tumor cells, and this anti-tumor activity was confirmed in a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma. 3E1 and 9D2 are promising drug delivery vehicles for CADM1-expressing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Wada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuka Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan.
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4
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Watanabe T, Yamamoto Y, Kurahashi Y, Kawasoe K, Kidoguchi K, Ureshino H, Kamachi K, Yoshida-Sakai N, Fukuda-Kurahashi Y, Nakamura H, Okada S, Sueoka E, Kimura S. Reprogramming of pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism supports vigorous cell proliferation of normal and malignant T cells. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1345-1358. [PMID: 38190613 PMCID: PMC10945144 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is triggered by infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). Here, we describe the reprogramming of pyrimidine biosynthesis in both normal T cells and ATL cells through regulation of uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), which supports vigorous proliferation. UCK2 catalyzes the monophosphorylation of cytidine/uridine and their analogues during pyrimidine biosynthesis and drug metabolism. We found that UCK2 was overexpressed aberrantly in HTLV-1-infected T cells but not in normal T cells. T-cell activation via T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling induced expression of UCK2 in normal T cells. Somatic alterations and epigenetic modifications in ATL cells activate TCR signaling. Therefore, we believe that expression of UCK2 in HTLV-1-infected cells is induced by dysregulated TCR signaling. Recently, we established azacitidine-resistant (AZA-R) cells showing absent expression of UCK2. AZA-R cells proliferated normally in vitro, whereas UCK2 knockdown inhibited ATL cell growth. Although uridine and cytidine accumulated in AZA-R cells, possibly because of dysfunction of pyrimidine salvage biosynthesis induced by loss of UCK2 expression, the amount of UTP and CTP was almost the same as in parental cells. Furthermore, AZA-R cells were more susceptible to an inhibitor of dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase, which performs the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, and more resistant to dipyridamole, an inhibitor of pyrimidine salvage biosynthesis, suggesting that AZA-R cells adapt to UCK2 loss by increasing de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Taken together, the data suggest that fine-tuning pyrimidine biosynthesis supports vigorous cell proliferation of both normal T cells and ATL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Watanabe
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurahashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- OHARA Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawasoe
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kidoguchi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ureshino
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Kamachi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshida-Sakai
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukuda-Kurahashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- OHARA Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakamura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Yamagishi M, Kuze Y, Kobayashi S, Nakashima M, Morishima S, Kawamata T, Makiyama J, Suzuki K, Seki M, Abe K, Imamura K, Watanabe E, Tsuchiya K, Yasumatsu I, Takayama G, Hizukuri Y, Ito K, Taira Y, Nannya Y, Tojo A, Watanabe T, Tsutsumi S, Suzuki Y, Uchimaru K. Mechanisms of action and resistance in histone methylation-targeted therapy. Nature 2024; 627:221-228. [PMID: 38383791 PMCID: PMC10917674 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Epigenomes enable the rectification of disordered cancer gene expression, thereby providing new targets for pharmacological interventions. The clinical utility of targeting histone H3 lysine trimethylation (H3K27me3) as an epigenetic hallmark has been demonstrated1-7. However, in actual therapeutic settings, the mechanism by which H3K27me3-targeting therapies exert their effects and the response of tumour cells remain unclear. Here we show the potency and mechanisms of action and resistance of the EZH1-EZH2 dual inhibitor valemetostat in clinical trials of patients with adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Administration of valemetostat reduced tumour size and demonstrated durable clinical response in aggressive lymphomas with multiple genetic mutations. Integrative single-cell analyses showed that valemetostat abolishes the highly condensed chromatin structure formed by the plastic H3K27me3 and neutralizes multiple gene loci, including tumour suppressor genes. Nevertheless, subsequent long-term treatment encounters the emergence of resistant clones with reconstructed aggregate chromatin that closely resemble the pre-dose state. Acquired mutations at the PRC2-compound interface result in the propagation of clones with increased H3K27me3 expression. In patients free of PRC2 mutations, TET2 mutation or elevated DNMT3A expression causes similar chromatin recondensation through de novo DNA methylation in the H3K27me3-associated regions. We identified subpopulations with distinct metabolic and gene translation characteristics implicated in primary susceptibility until the acquisition of the heritable (epi)mutations. Targeting epigenetic drivers and chromatin homeostasis may provide opportunities for further sustained epigenetic cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuta Kuze
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kobayashi
- Division of Hematopoietic Disease Control, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakashima
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology and Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Kawamata
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Makiyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Sasebo City General Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kako Suzuki
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Abe
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Imamura
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- IMSUT Clinical Flow Cytometry Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Tsuchiya
- IMSUT Clinical Flow Cytometry Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Yasumatsu
- Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazumi Ito
- Translational Science I, Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Taira
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Division of Hematopoietic Disease Control, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Practical Management of Medical Information, Graduate School of Medicine, St Marianna University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kawata T, Shimizu T, Shindo T, Fujiwara K, Morimoto S, Watanabe M. Tucidinostat restores CCR4 expression in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Haematologica 2024; 109:1007-1009. [PMID: 37794797 PMCID: PMC10905079 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Kawata
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Takuya Shimizu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Takero Shindo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto.
| | - Kensuke Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki
| | - Suguru Morimoto
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki
| | - Mitsumasa Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki
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Xiang J, Devenport JM, Carter AJ, Staser KW, Kim MY, O' Neal J, Ritchey JK, Rettig MP, Gao F, Rettig G, Turk R, Lee BH, Cooper ML, DiPersio JF. An "off-the-shelf" CD2 universal CAR-T therapy for T-cell malignancies. Leukemia 2023; 37:2448-2456. [PMID: 37798328 PMCID: PMC10681896 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
T-cell malignancies are associated with frequent relapse and high morbidity, which is partly due to the lack of effective or targeted treatment options. To broaden the use of CAR-T cells in pan T-cell malignancies, we developed an allogeneic "universal" CD2-targeting CAR-T cell (UCART2), in which the CD2 antigen is deleted to prevent fratricide, and the T-cell receptor is removed to prevent GvHD. UCART2 demonstrated efficacy against T-ALL and CTCL and prolonged the survival of tumor-engrafted NSG mice in vivo. To evaluate the impact of CD2 on CAR-T function, we generated CD19 CAR-T cells (UCART19) with or without CD2 deletion, single-cell secretome analysis revealed that CD2 deletion in UCART19 reduced frequencies of the effector cytokines (Granzyme-B and IFN-γ). We also observed that UCART19ΔCD2 had reduced anti-tumor efficacy compared to UCART19 in a CD19+NALM6 xenograft model. Of note is that the reduced efficacy resulting from CD2 deletion was reversed when combined with rhIL-7-hyFc, a long-acting recombinant human interleukin-7. Treatment with rhIL-7-hyFc prolonged UCART2 persistence and increased survival in both the tumor re-challenge model and primary patient T-ALL model in vivo. Together, these data suggest that allogeneic fratricide-resistant UCART2, in combination with rhIL-7-hyFc, could be a suitable approach for treating T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xiang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica M Devenport
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alun J Carter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karl W Staser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miriam Y Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie O' Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie K Ritchey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Rolf Turk
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Coralville, IA, USA
| | | | - Matthew L Cooper
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Ivanov SM, Tarasova OA, Poroikov VV. Transcriptome-based analysis of human peripheral blood reveals regulators of immune response in different viral infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199482. [PMID: 37795081 PMCID: PMC10546413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are difficulties in creating direct antiviral drugs for all viruses, including new, suddenly arising infections, such as COVID-19. Therefore, pathogenesis-directed therapy is often necessary to treat severe viral infections and comorbidities associated with them. Despite significant differences in the etiopathogenesis of viral diseases, in general, they are associated with significant dysfunction of the immune system. Study of common mechanisms of immune dysfunction caused by different viral infections can help develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat infections and associated comorbidities. Methods To identify common mechanisms of immune functions disruption during infection by nine different viruses (cytomegalovirus, Ebstein-Barr virus, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, Hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, Dengue virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2), we analyzed the corresponding transcription profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using the originally developed pipeline that include transcriptome data collection, processing, normalization, analysis and search for master regulators of several viral infections. The ten datasets containing transcription data from patients infected by nine viruses and healthy people were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. The analysis of the data was performed by Genome Enhancer pipeline. Results We revealed common pathways, cellular processes, and master regulators for studied viral infections. We found that all nine viral infections cause immune activation, exhaustion, cell proliferation disruption, and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. Using network analysis, we identified PBMC receptors, representing proteins at the top of signaling pathways that may be responsible for the observed transcriptional changes and maintain the current functional state of cells. Discussion The identified relationships between some of them and virus-induced alteration of immune functions are new and have not been found earlier, e.g., receptors for autocrine motility factor, insulin, prolactin, angiotensin II, and immunoglobulin epsilon. Modulation of the identified receptors can be investigated as one of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of severe viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M. Ivanov
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Tarasova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Katsuya H, Nakamura H, Maeda A, Ishii K, Nagaie T, Sano H, Sano H, Itamura H, Okamoto S, Ando T, Watanabe T, Uchimaru K, Satou Y, Sueoka E, Kimura S. HTLV-1 cell-free DNA in plasma as a potential biomarker in HTLV-1 carriers and adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. EJHAEM 2023; 4:733-737. [PMID: 37601876 PMCID: PMC10435724 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Viral cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma has been widely evaluated for detecting cancer and monitoring disease in virus-associated tumors. We investigated whether the amount of cfDNA of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) correlates with disease state in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 cfDNA in aggressive ATL was significantly higher than that in indolent ATL and asymptomatic carriers. Notably, patients with lymphoma type represented higher HTLV-1 cfDNA amount than chronic and smoldering subtypes, though they had no abnormal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. HTLV-1 cfDNA can be a universal biomarker that reflects the expansion of ATL clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Katsuya
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Hideaki Nakamura
- Department of Transfusion MedicineSaga University HospitalSagaJapan
| | - Aya Maeda
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Keitaro Ishii
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Toshiaki Nagaie
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Haruhiko Sano
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Haruna Sano
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Hidekazu Itamura
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Sho Okamoto
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Toshihiko Ando
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Practical Management of Medical InformationGraduate School of MedicineSt. Marianna UniversityKawasakiJapan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Laboratories of Tumor Cell BiologyDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical SciencesGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and TranscriptomicsJoint Research Center for Human Retrovirus InfectionKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of HematologyRespiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
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10
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Tamaki T, Karube K, Sakihama S, Tsuruta Y, Awazawa R, Hayashi M, Nakada N, Matsumoto H, Yagi N, Ohshiro K, Nakazato I, Kitamura S, Nishi Y, Miyagi T, Yamaguchi S, Nakachi S, Morishima S, Masuzaki H, Takahashi K, Fukushima T, Wada N. A Comprehensive Study of the Immunophenotype and its Clinicopathologic Significance in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100169. [PMID: 36997002 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature T-cell tumor caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The typical ATLL immunophenotypes are described in the 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (positive: CD2, CD3, CD5, CD4, and CD25; negative: CD7, CD8, and cytotoxic markers; and partially positive: CD30, CCR4, and FOXP3). However, limited studies are available on the expression of these markers, and their mutual relationship remains unknown. Furthermore, the expression status of novel markers associated with T-cell lymphomas, including Th1 markers (T-bet and CXCR3), Th2 markers (GATA3 and CCR4), T follicular helper markers (BCL6, PD1, and ICOS), and T-cell receptor (TCR) markers, and their clinicopathologic significance is unclear. In this study, we performed >20 immunohistochemical stains in 117 ATLL cases to determine the comprehensive immunophenotypic profile of ATLL, which were compared on the basis of clinicopathologic factors, including morphologic variants (pleomorphic vs anaplastic), biopsy locations, treatments, Shimoyama classification-based clinical subtype, and overall survival. CD3+/CD4+/CD25+/CCR4+ was considered a typical immunophenotype of ATLL, but approximately 20% of cases did not conform to this pattern. Simultaneously, the following new findings were obtained: (1) most cases were negative for TCR-β and TCR-δ (104 cases, 88.9%), indicating the usefulness of negative conversion of TCR expression to provide differentiation from other T-cell tumors; (2) the positivity of CD30 and CD15 and the negativity of FOXP3 and CD3 were significantly associated with anaplastic morphology; and (3) atypical cases, such as T follicular helper marker-positive (12 cases, 10.3%) and cytotoxic molecule-positive cases (3 cases, 2.6%), were identified. No single markers could predict the overall survival among patients with acute/lymphoma subtypes of ATLL. The results of this study illustrate the diversity of ATLL phenotypes. In T-cell tumors occurring in HTLV-1 carriers, the possibility of ATLL should not be eliminated even when the tumor exhibits an atypical phenotype, and the confirmation of HTLV-1 in the tissue is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tamaki
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan; Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan.
| | - Shugo Sakihama
- Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yuma Tsuruta
- Department of Pathology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ryoko Awazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobutake Yagi
- Department of Dermatology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuiku Ohshiro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Iwao Nakazato
- Department of Pathology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kitamura
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sawako Nakachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukushima
- Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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11
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Ohmoto A, Fuji S. Prospects of early therapeutic interventions for indolent adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma based on the chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression model. Blood Rev 2023; 60:101057. [PMID: 36828681 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) has aggressive clinical behaviors, and improving its prognosis is a great challenge. A disease progression model from asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 carrier to aggressive-type ATLL has been proposed, and indolent ATLL comprising a smoldering or favorable chronic type is located at the midpoint. Even the most favorable smoldering type has a 4-year overall survival rate of <60%. Although watchful waiting is pervasive in patients with indolent ATLL, early therapeutic intervention is discussed among hematologists. Indolent ATLL was once termed T-cell-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Unlike indolent ATLL, several molecular-targeted agents at the initial treatment have dramatically improved CLL prognosis. Recent studies on CLL have revealed a similar progression model involving premalignant monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL). In particular, individuals with high-count MBL have an increased lymphoma risk. Considering the unsatisfactory long-term prognosis of indolent ATLL, further treatment strategies, including precision medicine, are warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Prognosis
- Antineoplastic Agents
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 1358550, Japan; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shigeo Fuji
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 5418567, Japan.
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12
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Otte M, Stachelscheid J, Glaß M, Wahnschaffe L, Jiang Q, Lone W, Ianevski A, Aittokallio T, Iqbal J, Hallek M, Hüttelmaier S, Schrader A, Braun T, Herling M. The miR-141/200c-STAT4 Axis Contributes to Leukemogenesis by Enhancing Cell Proliferation in T-PLL. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2527. [PMID: 37173993 PMCID: PMC10177500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and mature T-cell malignancy with characteristic chemotherapy-refractory behavior and a poor prognosis. Molecular concepts of disease development have been restricted to protein-coding genes. Recent global microRNA (miR) expression profiles revealed miR-141-3p and miR-200c-3p (miR-141/200c) as two of the highest differentially expressed miRs in T-PLL cells versus healthy donor-derived T cells. Furthermore, miR-141/200c expression separates T-PLL cases into two subgroups with high and low expression, respectively. Evaluating the potential pro-oncogenic function of miR-141/200c deregulation, we discovered accelerated proliferation and reduced stress-induced cell death induction upon stable miR-141/200c overexpression in mature T-cell leukemia/lymphoma lines. We further characterized a miR-141/200c-specific transcriptome involving the altered expression of genes associated with enhanced cell cycle transition, impaired DNA damage responses, and augmented survival signaling pathways. Among those genes, we identified STAT4 as a potential miR-141/200c target. Low STAT4 expression (in the absence of miR-141/200c upregulation) was associated with an immature phenotype of primary T-PLL cells as well as with a shortened overall survival of T-PLL patients. Overall, we demonstrate an aberrant miR-141/200c-STAT4 axis, showing for the first time the potential pathogenetic implications of a miR cluster, as well as of STAT4, in the leukemogenesis of this orphan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Otte
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.O.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Johanna Stachelscheid
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.O.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Markus Glaß
- Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, 06120 Halle, Germany; (M.G.)
| | - Linus Wahnschaffe
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.O.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Qu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Waseem Lone
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (W.L.); (J.I.)
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (A.I.); (T.A.)
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (W.L.); (J.I.)
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.O.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (T.B.)
- Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, 06120 Halle, Germany; (M.G.)
| | - Alexandra Schrader
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.O.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (T.B.)
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Lymphoma ImmunoBiology, INSERM, U1111 CNRS UMR 5308, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Till Braun
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.O.); (J.S.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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13
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Umekita K, Hashikura Y, Takaki A, Kimura M, Kawano K, Iwao C, Miyauchi S, Kawaguchi T, Matsuda M, Hashiba Y, Hidaka T. HAS-Flow May Be an Adequate Method for Evaluating Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infected Cells in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Receiving Antirheumatic Therapies: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observation Study. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020468. [PMID: 36851682 PMCID: PMC9967177 DOI: 10.3390/v15020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to assess the usefulness of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected cell analysis using flow cytometry (HAS-Flow) as a monitoring method for adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) development in HTLV-1-positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under treatment with antirheumatic therapies. A total of 13 HTLV-1-negative and 57 HTLV-1-positive RA patients participated in this study, which was used to collect clinical and laboratory data, including HAS-Flow and HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL), which were then compared between the two groups. CADM1 expression on CD4+ cells in peripheral blood (PB) was used to identify HTLV-1-infected cells. The population of CADM1+ CD4+ cells was significantly higher in HTLV-1-positive RA patients compared to HTLV-1-negative RA patients. The population of CADM1+ CD4+ cells was correlated with HTLV-1 PVL values. There were no antirheumatic therapies affecting both the expression of CADM1 on CD4+ cells and PVLs. Six HTLV-1-positive RA patients who indicated both high HTLV-1 PVL and a predominant pattern of CADM1+ CD7neg CD4+ cells in HAS-Flow can be classified as high-risk for ATL progression. HAS-Flow could be a useful method for monitoring high-risk HTLV-1-positive RA patients who are at risk of developing ATL during antirheumatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Umekita
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-85-7284
| | - Yuki Hashikura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Akira Takaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kimura
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kawano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Chihiro Iwao
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shunichi Miyauchi
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Motohiro Matsuda
- Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yayoi Hashiba
- Institute of Rheumatology, Miyazaki Zenjinkai Hospital, Miyazaki 880-0834, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hidaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Miyazaki Zenjinkai Hospital, Miyazaki 880-0834, Japan
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14
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Zuo X, Zhou R, Yang S, Ma G. HTLV-1 persistent infection and ATLL oncogenesis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28424. [PMID: 36546414 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus; whereas HTLV-1 mainly persists in the infected host cell as a provirus, it also causes a malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in about 5% of infection. HTLV-1 replication is in most cases silent in vivo and viral de novo infection rarely occurs; HTLV-1 rather relies on clonal proliferation of infected T cells for viral propagation as it multiplies the number of the provirus copies. It is mechanistically elusive how leukemic clones emerge during the course of HTLV-1 infection in vivo and eventually cause the onset of ATLL. This review summarizes our current understanding of HTLV-1 persistence and oncogenesis, with the incorporation of recent cutting-edge discoveries obtained by high-throughput sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zuo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoning Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sikai Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyong Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Ohmoto A, Fuji S, Kohmo S, Katsura K. HTLV-I associated bronchioloalveolar disorder (HABA): disease concept and differential diagnosis of an unsolved disease entity. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:57-63. [PMID: 36437745 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2151437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) associated bronchioloalveolar disorder (HABA) is a chronic and progressive bronchiolar/alveolar disorder related to HTLV-1 infection. Clinical knowledge and guidance are lacking for the diagnosis and management of this condition. AREAS COVERED This work aimed to review the latest information and challenges regarding HABA diagnosis and treatment. EXPERT OPINION HABA is an immune-mediated state induced by HTLV-1. For diagnosis of HABA, other infectious diseases and pulmonary infiltration of adult T-cell leukemia should be excluded by investigations such as computed tomography (CT), transbronchial biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis. Typical CT findings in HABA include diffuse panbronchiolitis-like or bronchiectasis patterns, whereas cases with other abnormalities, including interstitial pneumonia, have also been reported. A high rate of polyclonal CD4+ and CD25+ lymphocytes is detected in BALF of patients with HABA, reflecting the infiltration of HTLV-1 infected T-cells in the lung. Current treatment options are not HABA specific, and include corticosteroids, macrolide antibiotics, and pirfenidone. Mitigation of the adverse effects of HTLV-1 infection requires the establishment of diagnostic criteria for the disease, screening programs for HABA in HTLV-1 infected individuals, and the development of effective disease treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fuji
- Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kohmo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pref Osaka Saiseikai Izuo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Katsura
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Pref Osaka Saiseikai Izuo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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16
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KIR3DL2 contributes to the typing of acute adult T-cell leukemia and is a potential therapeutic target. Blood 2022; 140:1522-1532. [PMID: 35687761 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a lymphoid neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), which encodes the transcriptional activator Tax, which participates in the immortalization of infected T cells. ATL is classified into 4 subtypes: smoldering, chronic, acute, and lymphoma. We determined whether natural killer receptors (NKRs) were expressed in ATL. NKR expression (KIR2DL1/2DS1, KIR2DL2/2DL3/2DS2, KIR3DL2, NKG2A, NKG2C, and NKp46) was assessed in a discovery cohort of 21 ATL, and KIR3DL2 was then assessed in 71 patients with ATL. KIR3DL2 was the only NKR among those studied frequently expressed by acute-type vs lymphoma- and chronic/smoldering-type ATL (36 of 40, 4 of 16, and 1 of 15, respectively; P = .001), although acute- and lymphoma-type ATL had similar mutation profiles by targeted exome sequencing. The correlation of KIR3DL2 expression with promoter demethylation was determined by microarray-based DNA methylation profiling. To explore the role of HTLV-1, KIR3DL2 and TAX messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were assessed by PrimeFlow RNA in primary ATL and in CD4+ T cells infected with HTLV-1 in vitro. TAX mRNA and KIR3DL2 protein expressions were correlated on ATL cells. HTLV-1 infection triggered KIR3DL2 by CD4+ cells but Tax alone did not induce KIR3DL2 expression. Ex vivo, autologous, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity using lacutamab, a first-in-class anti-KIR3DL2 humanized antibody, selectively killed KIR3DL2+ primary ATL cells ex vivo. To conclude, KIR3DL2 expression is associated with acute-type ATL. Transcription of KIR3DL2 may be triggered by HTLV-1 infection and correlates with hypomethylation of the promoter. The benefit of targeting KIR3DL2 with lacutamab is being further explored in a randomized phase 2 study in peripheral T-cell lymphoma, including ATL (registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04984837).
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17
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Clauze A, Enose-Akahata Y, Jacobson S. T cell receptor repertoire analysis in HTLV-1-associated diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984274. [PMID: 36189294 PMCID: PMC9520328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus identified as the causative agent in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and chronic-progressive neuroinflammatory disorder HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 is estimated to infect between 5-20 million people worldwide, although most infected individuals remain asymptomatic. HTLV-1 infected persons carry an estimated lifetime risk of approximately 5% of developing ATL, and between 0.25% and 1.8% of developing HAM/TSP. Most HTLV-1 infection is detected in CD4+ T cells in vivo which causes the aggressive malignancy in ATL. In HAM/TSP, the increase of HTLV-1 provirus induces immune dysregulation to alter inflammatory milieu, such as expansion of HTLV-1-specific CD8+ T cells, in the central nervous system of the infected subjects, which have been suggested to underlie the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. Factors contributing to the conversion from asymptomatic carrier to disease state remain poorly understood. As such, the identification and tracking of HTLV-1-specific T cell biomarkers that may be used to monitor the progression from primary infection to immune dysfunction and disease are of great interest. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires have been extensively investigated as a mechanism of monitoring adaptive T cell immune response to viruses and tumors. Breakthrough technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing have increased the specificity with which T cell clones may be characterized and continue to improve our understanding of TCR signatures in viral infection, cancer, and associated treatments. In HTLV-1-associated disease, sequencing of TCR repertoires has been used to reveal repertoire patterns, diversity, and clonal expansions of HTLV-1-specific T cells capable of immune evasion and dysregulation in ATL as well as in HAM/TSP. Conserved sequence analysis has further been used to identify CDR3 motif sequences and exploit disease- or patient-specificity and commonality in HTLV-1-associated disease. In this article we review current research on TCR repertoires and HTLV-1-specific clonotypes in HTLV-1-associated diseases ATL and HAM/TSP and discuss the implications of TCR clonal expansions on HTLV-1-associated disease course and treatments.
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Sakihama S, Karube K. Genetic Alterations in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: Novel Discoveries with Clinical and Biological Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2394. [PMID: 35625999 PMCID: PMC9139356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a refractory T-cell neoplasm that develops in human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) carriers. Large-scale comprehensive genomic analyses have uncovered the landscape of genomic alterations of ATLL and have identified several altered genes related to prognosis. The genetic alterations in ATLL are extremely enriched in the T-cell receptor/nuclear factor-κB pathway, suggesting a pivotal role of deregulation in this pathway in the transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells. Recent studies have revealed the process of transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells by analyzing longitudinal samples from HTLV-1 carriers and patients with overt ATLL, an endeavor that might enable earlier ATLL diagnosis. The latest whole-genome sequencing study discovered 11 novel alterations, including CIC long isoform, which had been overlooked in previous studies employing exome sequencing. Our study group performed the targeted sequencing of ATLL in Okinawa, the southernmost island in Japan and an endemic area of HTLV-1, where the comprehensive genetic alterations had never been analyzed. We found associations of genetic alterations with HTLV-1 strains phylogenetically classified based on the tax gene, an etiological virus factor in ATLL. This review summarizes the genetic alterations in ATLL, with a focus on their clinical significance, geographical heterogeneity, and association with HTLV-1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sakihama
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0215, Japan
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Kasai Y, Gan SP, Funaki T, Ohashi‐Kumagai Y, Tominaga M, Shiu S, Suzuki D, Matsubara D, Sakamoto T, Sakurai‐Yageta M, Ito T, Murakami Y. Trans-homophilic interaction of CADM1 promotes organ infiltration of T-cell lymphoma by adhesion to vascular endothelium. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1669-1678. [PMID: 35213073 PMCID: PMC9128163 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial step of organ infiltration of malignant cells is the interaction with host vascular endothelial cells, which is often mediated by specific combinations of cell adhesion molecules. Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is overexpressed in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and provides a cell-surface diagnostic marker. CADM1 promotes the adhesion of ATL cells to vascular endothelial cells and multiple organ infiltration in mice. However, its binding partner on host cells has not yet been identified. In this study, we show that CADM1 promotes transendothelial migration of ATL cells in addition to the adhesion to vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, CADM1 enhances liver infiltration of mouse T-cell lymphoma cells, EL4, after tail vein injection, whereas a CADM1 mutant lacking adhesive activity did not. Among the known CADM1-binding proteins expressed in primary endothelial cells, only CADM1 and CADM4 could induce morphological extension of ATL cells when plated onto glass coated with these proteins. Furthermore, CADM1-mediated liver infiltration of EL4 cells was canceled in conventional and vascular endothelium-specific Cadm1 knockout mice, whereas it was not canceled in Cadm4 knockout mice. These results suggest that CADM1 on host vascular endothelial cells is required for organ infiltration of ATL and other T-cell lymphomas expressing CADM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kasai
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Siew Pey Gan
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Toko Funaki
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Ohashi‐Kumagai
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Mizuki Tominaga
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shu‐Jen Shiu
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Biomedical ScienceKansai Medical UniversityHirakataJapan
| | - Mika Sakurai‐Yageta
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank OrganizationTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Clonal Selection and Evolution of HTLV-1-Infected Cells Driven by Genetic and Epigenetic Alteration. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030587. [PMID: 35336993 PMCID: PMC8950914 DOI: 10.3390/v14030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) acquire various abnormalities during a long latent period and transform into highly malignant adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) cells. This can be described as “clonal evolution”, in which a single clone evolves into ATL cells after overcoming various selective pressures in the body of the infected individuals. Many studies have shown that the genome and epigenome contain a variety of abnormalities, which are reflected in gene expression patterns and define the characteristics of the disease. The latest research findings suggest that epigenomic disorders are thought to begin forming early in infection and evolve into ATL through further changes and accentuation as they progress. Genomic abnormalities profoundly affect clonal dominance and tumor cell characteristics in later events. ATL harbors both genomic and epigenomic abnormalities, and an accurate understanding of these can be expected to provide therapeutic opportunities.
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Zarei Ghobadi M, Emamzadeh R. Integration of gene co-expression analysis and multi-class SVM specifies the functional players involved in determining the fate of HTLV-1 infection toward the development of cancer (ATLL) or neurological disorder (HAM/TSP). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262739. [PMID: 35041720 PMCID: PMC8765610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is an oncovirus that may cause two main life-threatening diseases including a cancer type named Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and a neurological and immune disturbance known as HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). However, a large number of the infected subjects remain as asymptomatic carriers (ACs). There is no comprehensive study that determines which dysregulated genes differentiate the pathogenesis routes toward ATLL or HAM/TSP. Therefore, two main algorithms including weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) and multi-class support vector machines (SVM) were utilized to find major gene players in each condition. WGCNA was used to find the highly co-regulated genes and multi-class SVM was employed to identify the most important classifier genes. The identified modules from WGCNA were validated in the external datasets. Furthermore, to find specific modules for ATLL and HAM/TSP, the non-preserved modules in another condition were found. In the next step, a model was constructed by multi-class SVM. The results revealed 467, 3249, and 716 classifiers for ACs, ATLL, and HAM/TSP, respectively. Eventually, the common genes between the WGCNA results and classifier genes resulted from multi-class SVM that also determined as differentially expressed genes, were identified. Through these step-wise analyses, PAIP1, BCAS2, COPS2, CTNNB1, FASLG, GTPBP1, HNRNPA1, RBBP6, TOP1, SLC9A1, JMY, PABPC3, and PBX1 were found as the possible critical genes involved in the progression of ATLL. Moreover, FBXO9, ZNF526, ERCC8, WDR5, and XRCC3 were identified as the conceivable major involved genes in the development of HAM/TSP. These genes can be proposed as specific biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets for each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rahman Emamzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
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22
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Tan BJ, Sugata K, Reda O, Matsuo M, Uchiyama K, Miyazato P, Hahaut V, Yamagishi M, Uchimaru K, Suzuki Y, Ueno T, Suzushima H, Katsuya H, Tokunaga M, Uchiyama Y, Nakamura H, Sueoka E, Utsunomiya A, Ono M, Satou Y. HTLV-1 infection promotes excessive T cell activation and transformation into adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e150472. [PMID: 34907908 PMCID: PMC8670839 DOI: 10.1172/jci150472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) mainly infects CD4+ T cells and induces chronic, persistent infection in infected individuals, with some developing adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 alters cellular differentiation, activation, and survival; however, it is unknown whether and how these changes contribute to the malignant transformation of infected cells. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing and T cell receptor-sequencing to investigate the differentiation and HTLV-1-mediated transformation of T cells. We analyzed 87,742 PBMCs from 12 infected and 3 uninfected individuals. Using multiple independent bioinformatics methods, we demonstrated the seamless transition of naive T cells into activated T cells, whereby HTLV-1-infected cells in an activated state further transformed into ATL cells, which are characterized as clonally expanded, highly activated T cells. Notably, the greater the activation state of ATL cells, the more they acquire Treg signatures. Intriguingly, the expression of HLA class II genes in HTLV-1-infected cells was uniquely induced by the viral protein Tax and further upregulated in ATL cells. Functional assays revealed that HTLV-1-infected cells upregulated HLA class II molecules and acted as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells to induce anergy of antigen-specific T cells. In conclusion, our study revealed the in vivo mechanisms of HTLV-1-mediated transformation and immune escape at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjy J.Y. Tan
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugata
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection
| | - Omnia Reda
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Misaki Matsuo
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
| | | | - Paola Miyazato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
| | - Vincent Hahaut
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Makoto Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences and
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences and
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ueno
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzushima
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Katsuya
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masahito Tokunaga
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Uchiyama
- Division of Informative Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
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23
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ORP4L is a prerequisite for the induction of T-cell leukemogenesis associated with human T-cell leukemia virus 1. Blood 2021; 139:1052-1065. [PMID: 34797912 PMCID: PMC8854678 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ORP4L deletion blocks Tax-induced T-cell leukemia, whereas engineering ORP4L expression in T cells results in T-cell leukemia in mice. Loss of miR-31 induced by Tax releases ORP4L expression, which initiates T-cell deterioration, but ORP4L inhibition eliminates ATL in PDX mice.
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), but the mechanism underlying its initiation remains elusive. In this study, ORP4L was expressed in ATL cells but not in normal T-cells. ORP4L ablation completely blocked T-cell leukemogenesis induced by the HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax in mice, whereas engineering ORP4L expression in T-cells resulted in T-cell leukemia in mice, suggesting the oncogenic properties and prerequisite of ORP4L promote the initiation of T-cell leukemogenesis. For molecular insight, we found that loss of miR-31 caused by HTLV-1 induced ORP4L expression in T-cells. ORP4L interacts with PI3Kδ to promote PI(3,4,5)P3 generation, contributing to AKT hyperactivation; NF-κB–dependent, p53 inactivation-induced pro-oncogene expression; and T-cell leukemogenesis. Consistently, ORP4L ablation eliminates human ATL cells in patient-derived xenograft ATL models. These results reveal a plausible mechanism of T-cell deterioration by HTLV-1 that can be therapeutically targeted.
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Improved survival of patients with aggressive ATL by increased use of allo-HCT: a prospective observational study. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4156-4166. [PMID: 34500464 PMCID: PMC8945611 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a hematological malignancy that is difficult to treat with chemotherapy alone, and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative therapy. We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study to clarify the treatment outcomes of aggressive ATL in the current era. Between 2015 and 2018, 113 patients aged 70 years or younger with newly diagnosed aggressive ATL were enrolled. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years. Treatment outcomes were compared with those of 1792 ATL patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 in our previous retrospective study. The inclusion criteria were the same in both studies. The prospective cohort demonstrated better overall survival (OS) than the retrospective cohort (2-year OS, 45% vs 29%, respectively; P < .001), with a much higher proportion of patients receiving allo-HCT (80% vs 34%, respectively; P < .001) and a shorter interval from diagnosis to allo-HCT (median, 128 vs 170 days, respectively; P < .001). Among the 90 patients who received allo-HCT (cord blood, n = 30; HLA-haploidentical related donors, n = 20; other related donors, n = 14; other unrelated donors, n = 26), the 2-year probabilities of OS, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and disease progression were 44%, 23%, and 46%, respectively. OS and NRM did not differ statistically according to donor type. Our results suggest that increased application of allo-HCT improved the survival of patients with aggressive ATL. The use of cord blood or HLA-haploidentical donors may be feasible for aggressive ATL when HLA-matched related donors are unavailable. This study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as #000017672.
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Tamaki K, Mera H, Takeshita S, Fujioka S, Goto M, Matsumoto T, Yamano Y, Takamatsu Y, Tsuboi Y. A refractory human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patient with lymphoma-type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27450. [PMID: 34622865 PMCID: PMC8500642 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) are caused by HTLV-1, but the coexistence of both disorders is rare. The estimated incidence is approximately 3%. PATIENT CONCERNS A 54-year-old man was unable to stand up because of spastic paraparesis 1 month after the onset. He developed lymphadenopathy in the left supraclavicular fossa 5 months after the onset. The spastic paraplegia and sensory symptoms below the thoracic spinal cord level worsened. DIAGNOSES Both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests were positive for anti-HTLV-1 antibodies. The patient was diagnosed with rapidly progressive HAM/TSP. He was also diagnosed with lymphoma-type ATL by the biopsy specimen of the lymph node. CSF examination at the time of symptom exacerbation showed abnormal lymphocytes, suggesting central infiltration of the ATL in the central nervous system. INTERVENTIONS Methylprednisolone pulse therapy and oral prednisolone maintenance therapy were administered for rapidly progressive HAM/TSP. Intrathecal injection of methotrexate was administered for the suggested central infiltration of the ATL. OUTCOMES Methylprednisolone pulse therapy and intrathecal injection of methotrexate did not improve the patient's exacerbated symptoms. Five months later, clumsiness and mild muscle weakness of the fingers appeared, and magnetic resonance imaging showed swelling of the cervical spinal cord. Clonality analysis showed monoclonal proliferation only in the DNA of a lymph node lesion, but not in the CSF and peripheral blood cells. LESSONS This was a case of rapidly progressive HAM/TSP associated with lymphoma-type ATL that was refractory to steroids and chemotherapy. The pathogenesis was presumed to involve ATL cells in the brain and spinal cord because of the presence of abnormal lymphocytes in the CSF, but DNA analysis could not prove direct invasion. This case suggests that when we encounter cases with refractory HAM/TSP, it should be needed to suspect the presence of ATL in the background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tamaki
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Maki Goto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Taichi Matsumoto
- Department of Drug Informatics and Translational Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takamatsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Fukuoka University, Japan
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Chronological genome and single-cell transcriptome integration characterizes the evolutionary process of adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4821. [PMID: 34376672 PMCID: PMC8355240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclonal genetic heterogeneity and their diverse gene expression impose serious problems in understanding the behavior of cancers and contemplating therapeutic strategies. Here we develop and utilize a capture-based sequencing panel, which covers host hotspot genes and the full-length genome of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), to investigate the clonal architecture of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). For chronologically collected specimens from patients with ATL or pre-onset individuals, we integrate deep DNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing to detect the somatic mutations and virus directly and characterize the transcriptional readouts in respective subclones. Characteristic genomic and transcriptomic patterns are associated with subclonal expansion and switches during the clinical timeline. Multistep mutations in the T-cell receptor (TCR), STAT3, and NOTCH pathways establish clone-specific transcriptomic abnormalities and further accelerate their proliferative potential to develop highly malignant clones, leading to disease onset and progression. Early detection and characterization of newly expanded subclones through the integrative analytical platform will be valuable for the development of an in-depth understanding of this disease. Characterising the clonal architecture of Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) remains crucial. Here, the authors develop a capture-based sequencing panel and use deep DNA and single cell RNA sequencing and report distinct genomic and transcriptomic features associated with subclonal evolution.
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27
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Proteomic profiling of HTLV-1 carriers and ATL patients reveals sTNFR2 as a novel diagnostic biomarker for acute ATL. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1062-1071. [PMID: 32196559 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated T-cell malignancy with generally poor prognosis. Although only ∼5% of HTLV-1 carriers progress to ATL, early diagnosis is challenging because of the lack of ATL biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed blood plasma profiles of asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (ACs); untreated ATL patients, including acute, lymphoma, smoldering, and chronic types; and ATL patients in remission. Through SOMAscan, expression levels of 1305 plasma proteins were analyzed in 85 samples (AC, n = 40; ATL, n = 40; remission, n = 5). Using gene set enrichment analysis and gene ontology, overrepresented pathways in ATL vs AC included angiogenesis, inflammation by cytokines and chemokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6)/JAK/STAT3, and notch signaling. In selecting candidate biomarkers, we focused on soluble tumor necrosis factor 2 (sTNFR2) because of its active role in enriched pathways, extreme significance (Welch's t test P < .00001), high discrimination capacity (area under the curve >0.90), and novelty in ATL research. Quantification of sTNFR2 in 102 plasma samples (AC, n = 30; ATL, n = 68; remission, n = 4) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed remarkable elevations in acute ATL, at least 10 times those of AC samples, and return of sTNFR2 to AC state levels after achieving remission. Flow cytometry and immunostaining validated the expression of TNFR2 in ATL cells. No correlation between sIL-2 and sTNFR2 levels in acute ATL was found, suggesting the possibility of sTNFR2 as an independent biomarker. Our findings represent the first extensive blood-based proteomic analysis of ATL, suggesting the potential clinical utility of sTNFR2 in diagnosing acute ATL.
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28
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Activation of PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for efficient elimination of HTLV-1-infected cells. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1845-1858. [PMID: 32369565 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) exhibit a poor prognosis and overall survival rate when treated with standard chemotherapy, highlighting the continued requirement for the development of novel safe and effective therapies for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-related diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that MK-2048, a second-generation HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitor, potently and selectively kills HTLV-1-infected cells. Differential transcriptome profiling revealed significantly elevated levels of gene expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling pathway in ATL cell lines following MK-2048 treatment. We also identified a significant downregulation in glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a master regulator of the UPR in the CD4+CADM1+ HTLV-1-infected cell population of primary HTLV-1 carrier peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n = 9), suggesting that HTLV-1-infected cells are hypersensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis. MK-2048 efficiently reduced proviral loads in primary HTLV-1 carrier PBMCs (n = 4), but had no effect on the total numbers of these cells, indicating that MK-2048 does not affect the proliferation of HTLV-1-uninfected PBMCs. MK-2048 specifically activated the ER stress-related proapoptotic gene, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3), also known as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), in HTLV-1-infected but not uninfected cells of HTLV-1-carrier PBMCs. Our findings demonstrated that MK-2048 selectively induces HTLV-1-infected cell apoptosis via the activation of the UPR. This novel regulatory mechanism of the HIV IN inhibitor MK-2048 in HTLV-1-infected cells provides a promising prophylactic and therapeutic target for HTLV-1-related diseases including ATL.
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Nakashima M, Watanabe M, Nakano K, Uchimaru K, Horie R. Differentiation of Hodgkin lymphoma cells by reactive oxygen species and regulation by heme oxygenase-1 through HIF-1α. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2542-2555. [PMID: 33738869 PMCID: PMC8177765 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously indicated that Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cells contain a small side population (SP) that differentiate into a large major population (MP) with giant Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (H and RS)‐like cells. However, its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we found that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are low in the SP compared to the MP. Hydrogen peroxide induces large H‐ and RS‐like cells in HL cell lines, but induces cell death in unrelated lymphoid cell lines. Microarray analyses revealed the enrichment of upregulated genes under hypoxic conditions in the SP compared to the MP, and we verified that the SP cells are hypoxic. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α was preferentially expressed in the SP. CoCl2, a HIF‐1α stabilizer, blunted the effect of hydrogen peroxide. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), a scavenger of ROS, was triggered by HIF‐1α. The effect of hydrogen peroxide was inhibited by HO‐1 induction, whereas it was promoted by HO‐1 knockdown. HO‐1 inhibition by zinc protoporphyrin promoted the differentiation and increased ROS. These results stress the unique roles of ROS in the differentiation of HL cells. Immature HL cells are inhibited from differentiation by a reduction of ROS through the induction of HO‐1 via HIF‐1α. The breakdown of this might cause the accumulation of intracellular ROS, resulting in the promotion of HL cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakashima
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Watanabe
- Divison of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Horie
- Divison of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Quantification of T cell clonality in human T cell leukaemia virus type-1 carriers can detect the development of adult T cell leukaemia early. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 33771974 PMCID: PMC7997885 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) arises from clonally expanded T cells that are infected with human T cell leukaemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1). Here, we show that ATL can be detected early in HTLV-1-carriers through quantification of T-cell receptor (TCR)Vβ subunit diversity on T-cells infected with HTLV-1 (CD3+ CCR4+ CD26- T-cells) using an 'oligoclonality index' (OCI-flow). We established a reference range for OCI-flow by analysing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HTLV-1-carriers who had not developed ATL in a median of 10.5 years follow up (n = 38) and patients with ATL (n = 30). In the third cohort of HTLV-1-carriers with no history or clinical evidence of ATL (n = 106), 19% of high proviral load (PVL, ≥4 copies of HTLV-1/100 PBMCs) carriers had an OCI-flow in the ATL range, >0.770. Carriers with an OCI-flow >0.770 (n = 14) had higher lymphocyte counts and PVLs and were more likely to have a family history of ATL than carriers with OCI-flow ≤0.770. ATL subsequently developed in two of these 14 carriers but no carriers with OCI-flow ≤0.770 (p = 0.03, cumulative follow-up 129 person-years). This method can be used to identify a subset of high-PVL HTLV-1-carriers at increased risk of developing ATL who may benefit from intervention therapy, prior to the detection of disease.
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Targeting aberrant DNA hypermethylation as a driver of ATL leukemogenesis by using the new oral demethylating agent OR-2100. Blood 2021; 136:871-884. [PMID: 32391874 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy of CD4+ T cells transformed by human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). Most HTLV-1-infected individuals are asymptomatic, and only 3% to 5% of carriers develop ATL. Here, we describe the contribution of aberrant DNA methylation to ATL leukemogenesis. HTLV-1-infected T-cells and their uninfected counterparts were separately isolated based on CADM1 and CD7 expression status, and differentially methylated positions (DMPs) specific to HTLV-infected T cells were identified through genome-wide DNA methylation profiling. Accumulation of DNA methylation at hypermethylated DMPs correlated strongly with ATL development and progression. In addition, we identified 22 genes downregulated because of promoter hypermethylation in HTLV-1-infected T cells, including THEMIS, LAIR1, and RNF130, which negatively regulate T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Phosphorylation of ZAP-70, a transducer of TCR signaling, was dysregulated in HTLV-1-infected cell lines but was normalized by reexpression of THEMIS. Therefore, we hypothesized that DNA hypermethylation contributes to growth advantages in HTLV-1-infected cells during ATL leukemogenesis. To test this idea, we investigated the anti-ATL activities of OR-1200 and OR-2100 (OR21), novel decitabine (DAC) prodrugs with enhanced oral bioavailability. Both DAC and OR21 inhibited cell growth, accompanied by global DNA hypomethylation, in xenograft tumors established by implantation of HTLV-1-infected cells. OR21 was less hematotoxic than DAC, whereas tumor growth inhibition was almost identical between the 2 compounds, making it suitable for long-term treatment of ATL patient-derived xenograft mice. Our results demonstrate that regional DNA hypermethylation is functionally important for ATL leukemogenesis and an effective therapeutic target.
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Overexpression of aberrant Wnt5a and its effect on acquisition of malignant phenotypes in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4114. [PMID: 33603066 PMCID: PMC7892546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a is a ligand of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cell differentiation, motility, and inflammatory response. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is one of the most aggressive T-cell malignancies caused by infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type1 (HTLV-1). Among subtypes of ATL, acute-type ATL cells are particularly resistant to current multidrug chemotherapies and show remarkably high cell-proliferative and invasive phenotypes. Here we show a dramatic increase of WNT5A gene expression in acute-type ATL cells compared with those of indolent-type ATL cells. Treatment with IWP-2 or Wnt5a-specific knockdown significantly suppressed cell growth of ATL-derived T-cell lines. We demonstrated that the overexpression of c-Myb and FoxM1 was responsible for the synergistic activation of the WNT5A promoter. Also, a WNT5A transcript variant without the exon4 (the ΔE4-WNT5A mRNA), encoding ΔC-Wnt5 (1-136aa of 380aa), is overexpressed in acute-type ATL cells. The ΔC-Wnt5a is secreted extracellularly and enhances cellular migration/invasion to a greater extent compared with wildtype (WT)-Wnt5a. Moreover, the ΔC-Wnt5a secretion was not suppressed by IWP-2, indicating that this mutant Wnt5a is secreted via a different pathway from the WT-Wnt5a. Taken together, synergistic overexpression of the ΔC-Wnt5a by c-Myb and FoxM1 may be responsible for the malignant phenotype of acute-type ATL cells.
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Nakahata S, Syahrul C, Nakatake A, Sakamoto K, Yoshihama M, Nishikata I, Ukai Y, Matsuura T, Kameda T, Shide K, Kubuki Y, Hidaka T, Kitanaka A, Ito A, Takemoto S, Nakano N, Saito M, Iwanaga M, Sagara Y, Mochida K, Amano M, Maeda K, Sueoka E, Okayama A, Utsunomiya A, Shimoda K, Watanabe T, Morishita K. Clinical significance of soluble CADM1 as a novel marker for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Haematologica 2021; 106:532-542. [PMID: 32054656 PMCID: PMC7849584 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.234096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/leukemia (ATLL) is an aggressive peripheral T-cell malignancy, caused by infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). We recently showed that the cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is specifically and consistently overexpressed in ATLL cells, and functions as a novel cell surface marker. In this study, we first show that a soluble form of CADM1 (sCADM1) is secreted from ATLL cells by mainly alternative splicing. After developing the Alpha linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) for sCADM1, we show that plasma sCADM1 concentrations gradually increased during disease progression from indolent to aggressive ATLL. Although other known biomarkers of tumor burden such as soluble interleukin-2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα) also increased with sCADM1 during ATLL progression, multivariate statistical analysis of biomarkers revealed that only plasma sCADM1 was selected as a specific biomarker for aggressive ATLL, suggesting that plasma sCADM1 may be a potential risk factor for aggressive ATLL. In addition, plasma sCADM1 is a useful marker for monitoring response to chemotherapy as well as for predicting relapse of ATLL. Furthermore, the change in sCADM1 concentration between indolent and aggressive type ATLL was more prominent than the change in the percentage of CD4+CADM1+ ATLL cells. As plasma sCADM1 values fell within normal ranges in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients with higher levels of serum sIL-2Rα, the measurement of sCADM1 may become a useful tool to discriminate between ATLL and other inflammatory diseases, including HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakahata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Chilmi Syahrul
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakatake
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kuniyo Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Maki Yoshihama
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nishikata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Takuro Kameda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shide
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hidaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Kitanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takemoto
- National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakano
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Masako Iwanaga
- Dept of Frontier Life Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yasuko Sagara
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu Block Blood Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mochida
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Amano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maeda
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Miyakonojo Medical Center, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okayama
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Yamagishi M, Hori M, Fujikawa D, Ohsugi T, Honma D, Adachi N, Katano H, Hishima T, Kobayashi S, Nakano K, Nakashima M, Iwanaga M, Utsunomiya A, Tanaka Y, Okada S, Tsukasaki K, Tobinai K, Araki K, Watanabe T, Uchimaru K. Targeting Excessive EZH1 and EZH2 Activities for Abnormal Histone Methylation and Transcription Network in Malignant Lymphomas. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2321-2337.e7. [PMID: 31747604 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although global H3K27me3 reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, no effective therapeutic strategy for H3K27me3-high malignancies harboring EZH2WT/WT has yet been established. We explore epigenome and transcriptome in EZH2WT/WT and EZH2WT/Mu aggressive lymphomas and show that mutual interference and compensatory function of co-expressed EZH1 and EZH2 rearrange their own genome-wide distribution, thereby establishing restricted chromatin and gene expression signatures. Direct comparison of leading compounds introduces potency and a mechanism of action of the EZH1/2 dual inhibitor (valemetostat). The synthetic lethality is observed in all lymphoma models and primary adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) cells. Opposing actions of EZH1/2-polycomb and SWI/SNF complexes are required for facultative heterochromatin formation. Inactivation of chromatin-associated genes (ARID1A, SMARCA4/BRG1, SMARCB1/SNF5, KDM6A/UTX, BAP1, KMT2D/MLL2) and oncovirus infection (HTLV-1, EBV) trigger EZH1/2 perturbation and H3K27me3 deposition. Our study provides the mechanism-based rationale for chemical dual targeting of EZH1/2 in cancer epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yamagishi
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hori
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Fujikawa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takeo Ohsugi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Honma
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo, Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakashima
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Iwanaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuetsu Tanaka
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Araki
- Oncology Clinical Development Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mortality and risk of progression to adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11685-11691. [PMID: 32393644 PMCID: PMC7260950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920346117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 manifests many diseases, which cause morbidity and mortality in 5∼10% of infected individuals, including the fatal adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and debilitating myelopathy (HAM/TSP). However, the rarity of these diseases had made it prohibitory to conduct large-scale prospective observational studies. This work enabled calculating the standard mortality ratio of HAM/TSP patients and also identified ATLL as one of the major causes of death among these patients. We also identified the features that lead HAM/TSP patients to develop ATLL: having dominant clonal expansion of HTLV-1–infected cells with ATLL-associated somatic mutations. Furthermore, this manuscript describes genomic changes occurring in HAM/TSP patients at the actual time of their ATLL transformation. Human T cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) causes the functionally debilitating disease HTLV-1–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as adult T cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL). Although there were concerns that the mortality of HAM/TSP could be affected by the development of ATLL, prospective evidence was lacking in this area. In this 5-y prospective cohort study, we determined the mortality, prevalence, and incidence of ATLL in 527 HAM/TSP patients. The standard mortality ratio of HAM/TSP patients was 2.25, and ATLL was one of the major causes of death (5/33 deaths). ATLL prevalence and incidence in these patients were 3.0% and 3.81 per 1,000 person-y, respectively. To identify patients at a high risk of developing ATLL, flow cytometry, Southern blotting, and targeted sequencing data were analyzed in a separate cohort of 218 HAM/TSP patients. In 17% of the HAM/TSP patients, we identified an increase in T cells positive for cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), a marker for ATLL and HTLV-1–infected cells. Genomic analysis revealed that somatic mutations of HTLV-1–infected cells were seen in 90% of these cases and 11% of them had dominant clone and developed ATLL in the longitudinal observation. In this study, we were able to demonstrate the increased mortality in patients with HAM/TSP and a significant effect of ATLL on their prognosis. Having dominant clonal expansion of HTLV-1–infected cells with ATLL-associated somatic mutations may be important characteristics of patients with HAM/TSP who are at an increased risk of developing ATLL.
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Nagate Y, Ezoe S, Fujita J, Okuzaki D, Motooka D, Ishibashi T, Ichii M, Tanimura A, Kurashige M, Morii E, Fukushima T, Suehiro Y, Yokota T, Shibayama H, Oritani K, Kanakura Y. Ectonucleotidase CD39 is highly expressed on ATLL cells and is responsible for their immunosuppressive function. Leukemia 2020; 35:107-118. [PMID: 32203145 PMCID: PMC7787980 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients have an extremely poor prognosis, partly due to their immunosuppressive state. The majority of ATLL patients have leukemic cells with phenotype similar to Tregs, prompting suggestions that ATLL cells themselves have immunosuppressive functions. In this study, we detected CD39 expression on ATLL cells, particularly frequent on aggressive subtypes. CD39 and CD73 convert extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine, a key player in Tregs’ immunosuppression. In vitro culture, both CD39+ ATLL cells and normal Tregs converted rapidly extracellular ATP to AMP, which was disturbed by CD39 inhibitors, and was negated in the CD39 knockout MJ cell line. The proliferation of cocultured CD4+/CD8+ normal T cells was suppressed by CD39+ MJ cells, but not by CD39 knockout MJ cells. Supplemented ATP was exhausted by an EG7-OVA T-cell line with stable CD39 induction, but not by mock. When these cell lines were subcutaneously transplanted into murine flanks, Poly(I:C) peritoneal administration reduced tumor size to 1/3 in mock-transplanted tumors, but not in CD39 induced tumors. Overall, we found that ATLL cells express CD39 at a high rate, and our results suggest that this helps ATLL cells escape antitumor immunity through the extracellular ATPDase-Adenosine cascade. These findings will guide future clinical strategies for ATLL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nagate
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ezoe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. .,Department of Environmental Space Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ishibashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Tanimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masako Kurashige
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukushima
- Laboratory of Hematoimmunology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Youko Suehiro
- Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Cancer, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yokota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Narita, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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37
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Takeda R, Ishigaki T, Ohno N, Yokoyama K, Kawamata T, Fukuyama T, Araya N, Yamano Y, Uchimaru K, Tojo A. Immunophenotypic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid reveals concurrent development of ATL in the CNS of a HAM/TSP patient. Int J Hematol 2020; 111:891-896. [PMID: 31930455 PMCID: PMC7222977 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Both adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) can be induced by HTLV-1, but concurrent development has been rarely reported. We present the case of a 55-year-old female who developed cranial nerve symptoms after a 20-year history of HAM/TSP. Although multiple white matter lesions were observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging, no abnormalities were seen on a systemic computed tomography scan. Quantitative flow-cytometric analysis of cell populations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed that most of the infiltrating cells were not inflammatory cells, but HTLV-1-infected CD4+ CADM-1+ T-cells completely lacking CD7 expression. As stepwise downregulation of CD7 is correlated with disease progression from HTLV-1 carrier to aggressive ATL, the CSF cells were classified as aggressive ATL; these cells exhibited a more progressed phenotype than those in peripheral blood (PB). HAM/TSP disease activity was estimated to be low. From these and other examinations, we made a diagnosis of acute-type ATL, which unusually developed in the central nervous system at initial onset prior to systemic progression. In ATL cases with a challenging diagnosis, immunophenotypic characterization of CSF and PB is valuable for differential diagnosis and understanding disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Takeda
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishigaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ohno
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Division of Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Kawamata
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Division of Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Araya
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Department of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Adkins BD, Ramos JC, Bliss-Moreau M, Gru AA. Updates in lymph node and skin pathology of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, biomarkers, and beyond. Semin Diagn Pathol 2020; 37:1-10. [PMID: 31889601 PMCID: PMC7668393 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated with the human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) infection. ATLL predominantly affects individuals within HTLV-1 endemic areas such as Japan, areas of Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. HTLV-1 preferentially infects CD4+ T-cells, and several genetic hits must occur before ATLL develops. ATLL is classically divided into four clinical variants based on manifestations of disease: acute, chronic, lymphomatous, and smouldering. As of 2019, a new subtype has been described: lymphoma type of ATL, extranodal primary cutaneous. In this review, emphasis will be taken to describe the common clinicopathologic manifestations of the disease, advances in biomarker discovery, mutational landscape and targeted therapeutic approaches to treat this highly aggressive and frequently lethal type of T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Adkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Juan C Ramos
- Division of Hematology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Meghan Bliss-Moreau
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Pathology & Dermatology, Hematopathology and Dermatopathology Sections, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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Mozhgani SH, Piran M, Zarei-Ghobadi M, Jafari M, Jazayeri SM, Mokhtari-Azad T, Teymoori-Rad M, Valizadeh N, Farajifard H, Mirzaie M, Khamseh A, Rafatpanah H, Rezaee SA, Norouzi M. An insight to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) pathogenesis; evidence from high-throughput data integration and meta-analysis. Retrovirology 2019; 16:46. [PMID: 31888669 PMCID: PMC6937958 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human T-lymphotropic virus 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system that significantly affected spinal cord, nevertheless, the pathogenesis pathway and reliable biomarkers have not been well determined. This study aimed to employ high throughput meta-analysis to find major genes that are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. RESULTS High-throughput statistical analyses identified 832, 49, and 22 differentially expressed genes for normal vs. ACs, normal vs. HAM/TSP, and ACs vs. HAM/TSP groups, respectively. The protein-protein interactions between DEGs were identified in STRING and further network analyses highlighted 24 and 6 hub genes for normal vs. HAM/TSP and ACs vs. HAM/TSP groups, respectively. Moreover, four biologically meaningful modules including 251 genes were identified for normal vs. ACs. Biological network analyses indicated the involvement of hub genes in many vital pathways like JAK-STAT signaling pathway, interferon, Interleukins, and immune pathways in the normal vs. HAM/TSP group and Metabolism of RNA, Viral mRNA Translation, Human T cell leukemia virus 1 infection, and Cell cycle in the normal vs. ACs group. Moreover, three major genes including STAT1, TAP1, and PSMB8 were identified by network analysis. Real-time PCR revealed the meaningful down-regulation of STAT1 in HAM/TSP samples than AC and normal samples (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), up-regulation of PSMB8 in HAM/TSP samples than AC and normal samples (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively), and down-regulation of TAP1 in HAM/TSP samples than those in AC and normal samples (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02, respectively). No significant difference was found among three groups in terms of the percentage of T helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (P = 0.55 and P = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS High-throughput data integration disclosed novel hub genes involved in important pathways in virus infection and immune systems. The comprehensive studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the pathogenesis pathways and also biomarkers of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehran Piran
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência - IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mohadeseh Zarei-Ghobadi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Jazayeri
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Teymoori-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Farajifard
- Immunology-Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6447, Qom, Iran
- Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaie
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Khamseh
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Makiyama J, Kobayashi S, Watanabe E, Ishigaki T, Kawamata T, Nakashima M, Yamagishi M, Nakano K, Tojo A, Watanabe T, Uchimaru K. CD4 + CADM1 + cell percentage predicts disease progression in HTLV-1 carriers and indolent adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3746-3753. [PMID: 31642546 PMCID: PMC6890436 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently took advantage of the universal expression of cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) by CD4+ cells infected with HTLV‐1 and the downregulation of CD7 expression that corresponds with the oncogenic stage of HTLV‐1‐infected cells to develop a flow cytometric system using CADM1 versus CD7 plotting of CD4+ cells. We risk‐stratified HTLV‐1 asymptomatic carriers (AC) and indolent adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) cases based on the CADM1+ percentage, in which HTLV‐1‐infected clones are efficiently enriched. AC and indolent ATL cases were initially classified according to their CADM1+ cell percentage. Follow‐up clinical and flow cytometric data were obtained for 71 cases. In G1 (CADM1+ ≤ 10%) and G2 (10% < CADM1+ ≤ 25%) cases, no apparent clinical disease progression was observed. In G3 (25% < CADM1+ ≤ 50%) cases, five out of nine (55.5%) cases progressed from AC to smoldering‐type ATL. In G4 (50% < CADM1+) cases, the cumulative incidence of receiving systemic chemotherapy at 3 years was 28.4%. Our results indicate that the percentage of the CD4+CADM1+ population predicts clinical disease progression: G1 and G2 cases, including AC cases, are stable and considered to be at low risk; G3 cases, including advanced AC cases and smoldering‐type ATL cases based on the Shimoyama criteria, are considered to have intermediate risk; and G4 cases, which are mainly indolent ATL cases, are unstable and at high risk of acute transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Makiyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- IMSUT Clinical Flow Cytometry Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishigaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Stem Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Kawamata
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakashima
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Future Center Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Fukutani ER, Ramos PIP, Kasprzykowski JI, Azevedo LG, Rodrigues MMDS, Lima JVDOP, de Araújo Junior HFS, Fukutani KF, de Queiroz ATL. Meta-Analysis of HTLV-1-Infected Patients Identifies CD40LG and GBP2 as Markers of ATLL and HAM/TSP Clinical Status: Two Genes Beat as One. Front Genet 2019; 10:1056. [PMID: 31781157 PMCID: PMC6857459 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) was the first recognized human retrovirus. Infection can lead to two main symptomatologies: adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Each manifestation is associated with distinct characteristics, as ATLL presents as a leukemia-like disease, while HAM/TSP presents as severe inflammation in the central nervous system, leading to paraparesis. Previous studies have identified molecules associated with disease development, e.g., the downregulation of Foxp3 in Treg cells was associated with increased risk of HAM/TSP. In addition, elevated levels of CXCL10, CXCL9, and Neopterin in cerebrospinal fluid also present increased risk. However, these molecules were only associated with specific patient groups or viral strains. Furthermore, the majority of studies did not jointly compare all clinical manifestations, and robust analysis entails the inclusion of both ATLL and HAM/TSP. The low numbers of samples also pose difficulties in conducting gene expression analysis to identify specific molecular relationships. To address these limitations and increase the power of manifestation-specific gene associations, meta-analysis was performed using publicly available gene expression data. The application of supervised learning techniques identified alterations in two genes observed to act in tandem as potential biomarkers: GBP2 was associated with HAM/TSP, and CD40LG with ATLL. Together, both molecules demonstrated high sample-classification accuracy (AUC values: 0.88 and 1.0, respectively). Next, other genes with expression correlated to these genes were identified, and we attempted to relate the enriched pathways identified with the characteristic of each clinical manifestation. The present findings contribute to knowledge surrounding viral progression and suggest a potentially powerful new tool for the molecular classification of HTLV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rocha Fukutani
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ivan Pereira Ramos
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - José Irahe Kasprzykowski
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gentil Azevedo
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kiyoshi Ferreira Fukutani
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil.,Fundação José Silveira, Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research, FJS, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências, Salvador, Brazil
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42
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Yamaguchi M, Morizane S, Hamada T, Miyake T, Sugaya M, Iwata H, Fujii K, Haramoto‐Shiratsuki R, Nakagawa Y, Miura M, Ohshima K, Morishita K, Takahashi T, Imada M, Okada K, Uehara J, Sowa‐Osako J, Iwatsuki K. The expression of cell adhesion molecule 1 and its splicing variants in Sézary cells and cell lines from cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. J Dermatol 2019; 46:967-977. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Yamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hamada
- Department of Dermatology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyake
- Department of Dermatology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwata
- Department of Dermatology Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Kazuyasu Fujii
- Department of Dermatology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | | | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Mayumi Miura
- Department of Pathology Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry Department of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan
| | | | - Masahide Imada
- Division of Medical Support Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
- Central Clinical Laboratory Kawasaki Medical School Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Ken Okada
- Division of Medical Support Okayama University Hospital Okayama Japan
| | - Jiro Uehara
- Department of Dermatology Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa Japan
| | - Junko Sowa‐Osako
- Department of Dermatology Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan
| | - Keiji Iwatsuki
- Department of Dermatology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
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43
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Nakano K, Iwanaga M, Utsunomiya A, Uchimaru K, Watanabe T. Functional Analysis of Aberrantly Spliced Caspase8 Variants in Adult T-Cell Leukemia Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2522-2536. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Dong H, Zheng L, Duan X, Zhao W, Chen J, Liu S, Sui G. Cytotoxicity analysis of ambient fine particle in BEAS-2B cells on an air-liquid interface (ALI) microfluidics system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 677:108-119. [PMID: 31054440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particle is a crucial indicator of air pollution brought into the air by sundry natural and public events. However, a comprehensive understanding of the PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity especially the contribution of bioaerosol part is still undiscovered. Herein, an ALI microfluidics system integrated multi-omics (iTRAQ & RNA-seq) was successfully utilized to recognize the molecular mechanisms induced by microorganisms carried bioaerosol in human lung epithelial cells. The cells viability was above 98% within 21 days on this system. Moreover, the results showed that eight microorganisms-related pathways (e.g., Salmonella, amoebiasis, HTLV-1) were activated after exposure to PM2.5 for 24 h, which played a certain proportion in contributing to inflammation reaction. In addition, multi-omics demonstrated that three inflammation-related signal transduction cascades including MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and TGF signaling pathway were triggered by fine particles, ultimately leading to apoptosis-related process disorder by associated cytokines like TNF, IL6, and TGF-β. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell apoptosis rate increased from 3.8% to 66.7% between the cells exposed to PM2.5 (10 μg/cm2) for 24 h and untreated control cells, which indicated that the fine particles had the ability to activate apoptosis-related signal cascades and result in apoptosis. ELISA assay and western blot indicated that HO-1, JNK, IL6, TNF, NF-κB, and FGF14 were significantly increased after exposure to PM2.5 while Casp3 and FGFR were decreased, which were consistent with the multi-omics. Moreover, PM2.5 components (OC, EC, 16PAHs, As, Cu, Mn, Cl-, and NO3-) were significantly correlated to the inflammation related proteins and cytokines, which played a vital role in the inflammation and apoptosis related signaling pathways. These findings pointed to strong links among microorganisms infection, inflammation, and apoptosis in cell response to PM2.5 carried microorganisms. It also provided a new approach for understanding PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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45
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Rushing AW, Rushing B, Hoang K, Sanders SV, Péloponèse JM, Polakowski N, Lemasson I. HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor protects cells from oxidative stress by upregulating expression of Heme Oxygenase I. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007922. [PMID: 31251786 PMCID: PMC6623464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) is a lymphoproliferative disease of CD4+ T-cells infected with Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type I (HTLV-1). With the exception of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there are no effective treatments to cure ATL, and ATL cells often acquire resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence shows that development and maintenance of ATL requires key contributions from the viral protein, HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ). In this study we found that HBZ activates expression of Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1), a component of the oxidative stress response that functions to detoxify free heme. Transcription of HMOX1 and other antioxidant genes is regulated by the small Mafs. These cellular basic leucine zipper (bZIP) factors control transcription by forming homo- or heterodimers among themselves or with other cellular bZIP factors that then bind Maf responsive elements (MAREs) in promoters or enhancers of antioxidant genes. Our data support a model in which HBZ activates HMOX1 transcription by forming heterodimers with the small Mafs that bind MAREs located in an upstream enhancer region. Consistent with this model, we found that HMOX-1 is upregulated in HTLV-1-transformed T-cell lines and confers these cells with resistance to heme-induced cytotoxicity. In this context, HBZ-mediated activation of HMOX-1 expression may contribute to resistance of ATL cells to certain chemotherapeutic agents. We also provide evidence that HBZ counteracts oxidative stress caused by two other HTLV-1-encoded proteins, Tax and p13. Tax induces oxidative stress as a byproduct of driving mitotic expansion of infected cells, and p13 is believed to induce oxidative stress to eliminate infected cells that have become transformed. Therefore, in this context, HBZ-mediated activation of HMOX-1 expression may facilitate transformation. Overall, this study characterizes a novel function of HBZ that may support the development and maintenance of ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda W. Rushing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AWR); (IL)
| | - Blake Rushing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimson Hoang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie V. Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jean-Marie Péloponèse
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicholas Polakowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Lemasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AWR); (IL)
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Chung EY, Mai Y, Shah UA, Wei Y, Ishida E, Kataoka K, Ren X, Pradhan K, Bartholdy B, Wei X, Zou Y, Zhang J, Ogawa S, Steidl U, Zang X, Verma A, Janakiram M, Ye BH. PAK Kinase Inhibition Has Therapeutic Activity in Novel Preclinical Models of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3589-3601. [PMID: 30862694 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate therapeutic activity of PAK inhibition in ATLL and to characterize the role of PAK isoforms in cell proliferation, survival, and adhesion of ATLL cells in preclinical models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Frequency and prognostic impact of PAK2 amplification were evaluated in an ATLL cohort of 370 cases. Novel long-term cultures and in vivo xenograft models were developed using primary ATLL cells from North American patients. Two PAK inhibitors were used to block PAK kinase activity pharmacologically. siRNA-based gene silencing approach was used to genetically knockdown (KD) PAK1 and PAK2 in ATLL cell lines. RESULTS PAK1/2/4 are the three most abundantly expressed PAK family members in ATLL. PAK2 amplifications are seen in 24% of ATLLs and are associated with worse prognosis in a large patient cohort. The pan-PAK inhibitor PF-3758309 (PF) has strong in vitro and in vivo activity in a variety of ATLL preclinical models. These activities of PF are likely attributed to its ability to target several PAK isoforms simultaneously because genetic silencing of either PAK1 or PAK2 produced more modest effects. PAK2 plays a major role in CADM1-mediated stromal interaction, which is an important step in systemic dissemination of the disease. This finding is consistent with the observation that PAK2 amplification is more frequent in aggressive ATLLs and correlates with inferior outcome. CONCLUSIONS PAK2, a gene frequently amplified in ATLL, facilitates CADM1-mediated stromal interaction and promotes survival of ATLL cells. Taken together, PAK inhibition may hold significant promise as a targeted therapy for aggressive ATLLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y Chung
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yun Mai
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Urvi A Shah
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Yongqiang Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elise Ishida
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoxin Ren
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Boris Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xiaolei Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Zou
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Murali Janakiram
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - B Hilda Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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47
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[HTLV-1-associated myelopathy]. Uirusu 2019; 69:29-36. [PMID: 32938892 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.69.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that infects T lymphocytes. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an intractable neurodegenerative disease caused by HTLV-1 infection just like adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is, developing in a fraction of infected individuals. Here, we review the update information about the new drug development and therapeutic algorithm of HAM/TSP based on the resent research achievement in molecular pathogenesis and biomarkers.
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48
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Metabolic abnormalities in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and induction of specific leukemic cell death using photodynamic therapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14979. [PMID: 30297858 PMCID: PMC6175925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Therapeutic interventions have not been associated with satisfactory outcomes. We showed that the porphyrin metabolic pathway preferentially accumulates the endogenous photosensitive metabolite, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in ATL, after a short-term culture with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). PpIX accumulated 10-100-fold more in ATL leukemic cells when compared to healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Patient specimens showed dynamic changes in flow cytometry profiles during the onset and progression of ATL. Furthermore, 98.7% of ATL leukemic cell death in the ATL patient specimens could be induced with 10 min of visible light exposure, while 77.5% of normal PBMCs survived. Metabolomics analyses revealed that a specific stage of the metabolic pathway progressively deteriorated with HTLV-I infection and at the onset of ATL. Therefore, this method will be useful in diagnosing and identifying high-risk HTLV-I carriers with single cell resolutions. Photodynamic therapy in the circulatory system may be a potential treatment due to its highly-specific, non-invasive, safe, simultaneous, and repeatedly-treatable modalities.
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49
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Inoue Y, Endo S, Matsuno N, Kikukawa Y, Shichijo T, Koga K, Takaki A, Iwanaga K, Nishimura N, Fuji S, Fukuda T, Nosaka K, Matsuoka M. Safety of mogamulizumab for relapsed ATL after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 54:338-342. [DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Nakashima M, Yamochi T, Watanabe M, Uchimaru K, Utsunomiya A, Higashihara M, Watanabe T, Horie R. CD30 Characterizes Polylobated Lymphocytes and Disease Progression in HTLV-1-Infected Individuals. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5445-5457. [PMID: 30068708 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Although expression of CD30 is reported in a subset of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma cases, its clinicopathologic significance is poorly understood. We aimed to characterize CD30-positive cells and clarify their tumorigenic role in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected cells.Experimental Design: CD30-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with differing HTLV-1 disease status were characterized, and the role of CD30 signaling was examined using HTLV-1-infected cell lines and primary cells.Results: CD30-positive cells were detected in all samples examined, and the marker was coexpressed with both CD25 and CD4. This cell population expanded in accordance with disease progression. CD30-positive cells showed polylobation, with some possessing "flower cell" features, active cycling, and hyperploidy. CD30 stimulation of HTLV-1-infected cell lines induced these features and abnormal cell division, with polylobation found to be dependent on the activation of PI3K. The results thus link the expression of CD30, which serves as a marker for HTLV-1 disease status, to an active proliferating cell fraction featuring polylobation and chromosomal aberrations. In addition, brentuximab vedotin, an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody conjugated with auristatin E, was found to reduce the CD30-positive cell fraction.Conclusions: Our results indicate that CD30-positive cells act as a reservoir for tumorigenic transformation and clonal expansion during HTLV-1 infection. The CD30-positive fraction may thus be a potential molecular target for those with differing HTLV-1 disease status. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5445-57. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Faculty of Molecular Medical Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadanori Yamochi
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Faculty of Molecular Medical Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Divison of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kamoikeshinmachi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Higashihara
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryouichi Horie
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Faculty of Molecular Medical Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Divison of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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