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Ma Y, Wei J, He W, Ren J. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e647. [PMID: 39015554 PMCID: PMC11247337 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of chromatin DNA studded with granule proteins, are released by neutrophils in response to both infectious and sterile inflammation. Beyond the canonical role in defense against pathogens, the extrusion of NETs also contributes to the initiation, metastasis, and therapeutic response of malignant diseases. Recently, NETs have been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumors. Although extensive work regarding inflammation in tumors has been reported, a comprehensive summary of how these web-like extracellular structures initiate and propagate tumor progression under the specific microenvironment is lacking. In this review, we demonstrate the initiators and related signaling pathways that trigger NETs formation in cancers. Additionally, this review will outline the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of NETs during dormant cancer cells awakening, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) extravasation, and metastatic recurrence of cancer. This is followed by a perspective on the current and potential clinical potential of NETs as therapeutic targets in the treatment of both local and metastatic disease, including the improvement of the efficacy of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| | - Jielin Wei
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenshan He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
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2
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Zhou Y, Na C, Li Z. Novel insights into immune cells modulation of tumor resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024:104457. [PMID: 39038527 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance poses a significant challenge to effective cancer treatment, making it imperative to explore new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the profound involvement of immune cells in the development of tumor resistance. Within the tumor microenvironment, macrophages undergo polarization into the M2 phenotype, thus promoting the emergence of drug-resistant tumors. Neutrophils contribute to tumor resistance by forming extracellular traps. While T cells and natural killer (NK) cells exert their impact through direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Additionally, dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in preventing tumor drug resistance by stimulating T cell activation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding immune cell-mediated modulation of tumor resistance at the molecular level, with a particular focus on macrophages, neutrophils, DCs, T cells, and NK cells. The targeting of immune cell modulation exhibits considerable potential for addressing drug resistance, and an in-depth understanding of the molecular interactions between immune cells and tumor cells holds promise for the development of innovative therapies. Furthermore, we explore the clinical implications of these immune cells in the treatment of drug-resistant tumors. This review emphasizes the exploration of novel approaches that harness the functional capabilities of immune cells to effectively overcome drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. 518107; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. 518107
| | - Chuhan Na
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. 518107; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. 518107
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. 518107; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China. 518107.
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3
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Pesini C, Artal L, Paúl Bernal J, Sánchez Martinez D, Pardo J, Ramírez-Labrada A. In-depth analysis of the interplay between oncogenic mutations and NK cell-mediated cancer surveillance in solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2379062. [PMID: 39036370 PMCID: PMC11259085 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2379062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in antitumoral and antiviral responses. Yet, cancer cells can alter themselves or the microenvironment through the secretion of cytokines or other factors, hindering NK cell activation and promoting a less cytotoxic phenotype. These resistance mechanisms, often referred to as the "hallmarks of cancer" are significantly influenced by the activation of oncogenes, impacting most, if not all, of the described hallmarks. Along with oncogenes, other types of genes, the tumor suppressor genes are frequently mutated or modified during cancer. Traditionally, these genes have been associated with uncontrollable tumor growth and apoptosis resistance. Recent evidence suggests oncogenic mutations extend beyond modulating cell death/proliferation programs, influencing cancer immunosurveillance. While T cells have been more studied, the results obtained highlight NK cells as emerging key protagonists for enhancing tumor cell elimination by modulating oncogenic activity. A few recent studies highlight the crucial role of oncogenic mutations in NK cell-mediated cancer recognition, impacting angiogenesis, stress ligands, and signaling balance within the tumor microenvironment. This review will critically examine recent discoveries correlating oncogenic mutations to NK cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance, a relatively underexplored area, particularly in the era dominated by immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells. Building on these insights, we will explore opportunities to improve NK cell-based immunotherapies, which are increasingly recognized as promising alternatives for treating low-antigenic tumors, offering significant advantages in terms of safety and manufacturing suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pesini
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatry and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Artal
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Carbochemistry (ICB-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Paúl Bernal
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Sánchez Martinez
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón I + D Foundation (ARAID), Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatry and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramírez-Labrada
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Network of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III Health Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
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4
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Gu H, Yang Y, Zhang H, Miao C. Perioperative NETosis and Cancer Progression: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Curr Oncol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11912-024-01573-y. [PMID: 39012468 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, called NETosis, is a peculiar death modality of neutrophils, which was first observed as an immune response against bacterial infection. However, an ongoing and exaggerated NETs formation may have adverse clinical consequences and even promote cancer progression. This review will discuss the complex relationship between NETosis and cancer progression. RECENT FINDINGS NETs exhibits cancer-promoting effects by causing cancer metastaisis and tumor-associated thrombosis. Many studies have found that many mechanisms are involved in the process, and the corresponding targets could be applied for cancer therapy. Although NETs may have anti-bacteria effects, it is necessary to inhibit an excessive NETs formation, mostly showing cancer-promoting effects. The contribution of NETs to cancer progression has gained a growing appreciation and the approaches to targeting NETs deposition exhibited beneficial effects both in primary and metastatic tumors, which, however, has been challenged by a recent finding demonstrating an opposite effect of NETs to suppress tumor growth via the activation of immune response against tumor. This seeming discrepancy reflects we are in the early stage of NETs study facing fundamental questions and a better understanding of the underlying mechanism is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiyun Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Belluomini L, Cesta Incani U, Smimmo A, Avancini A, Sposito M, Insolda J, Mariangela Scaglione I, Gattazzo F, Caligola S, Adamo A, Conciatori F, Bazzichetto C, Ugel S, Giannarelli D, Pilotto S, Milella M. Prognostic impact of Interleukin-8 levels in lung cancer: A meta-analysis and a bioinformatic validation. Lung Cancer 2024; 194:107893. [PMID: 39008934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels have been linked to poor prognosis in lung cancer, but conclusive data are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on April 1st, 2023, from electronic databases, focusing on studies with IL-8 expression evaluations and the availability of hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) or adequate data for their estimation. Then, we examined IL-8 and CXCR1 RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and we correlated these data with OS. RESULTS Among 2655 produced records, 10 manuscripts involving both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer, were included in the analysis. Two manuscripts and one study included two and three different cohorts, respectively, for a total of 14 cohorts of patients. Overall, 4 cohorts evaluated IL-8 levels in patients treated with chemotherapy, 3 cohorts immunotherapy, 2 cohorts surgical patients and 4 cohorts other treatments; 1 cohort was removed, as the type of treatments was lacking. The 12 cohorts included in the OS analysis revealed that patients with high IL-8 levels have a lower OS probability, as compared to patients with low IL-8 levels (HR=1.75, 95 % CI 1.36-2.26). No significant difference between patients with high and low IL-8 levels was observed in the 8 cohorts available for PFS analysis. Sensitivity analysis according to treatment revealed significant PFS and OS differences for patients treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Analysis of RNA-seq data from TCGA, confirmed the correlation between high IL-8 and CXCR1 expression and worse OS in patients with resected lung cancer. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first meta-analysis demonstrating a negative prognostic impact of high IL-8 level in lung cancer, particularly in patients treated with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Belluomini
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
| | - Ursula Cesta Incani
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
| | - Annafrancesca Smimmo
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania " Luigi Vanvitelli ", Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alice Avancini
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Marco Sposito
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
| | - Jessica Insolda
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Mariangela Scaglione
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
| | - Federica Gattazzo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy; INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| | | | - Annalisa Adamo
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistical Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sara Pilotto
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
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Ragot H, Gaucher S, Bonnet des Claustres M, Basset J, Boudan R, Battistella M, Bourrat E, Hovnanian A, Titeux M. Citrullinated Histone H3, a Marker for Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Developing in Patients with Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2476. [PMID: 39001538 PMCID: PMC11240819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare severe hereditary skin disease characterized by skin and mucosa fragility, resulting in blister formation. The most severe complication in RDEB patients is the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), leading to premature death. There is a great deal of evidence suggesting a permissive tumor microenvironment (TME) as a driver of SCC development in RDEB patients. In a cohort of RDEB patients, we characterized the immune profiles of RDEB-SCCs and compared them with clinical, histopathological, and prognostic features. RDEB-SCCs were subdivided into four groups based on their occurrence (first onset or recurrences) and grading according to clinical, histopathological parameters of aggressiveness. Thirty-eight SCCs from 20 RDEB patients were analyzed. Five RDEB patients experienced an unfavorable course after the diagnosis of the first SCC, with early recurrence or metastasis, whereas 15 patients developed multiple SCCs without metastasis. High-risk primary RDEB-SCCs showed a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the tumor microenvironment and an increased proportion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Additionally, citrullinated histone H3, a marker of NETs, was increased in the serum of RDEB patients with high-risk primary SCC, suggesting that this modified form of histone H3 may serve as a potential blood marker of unfavorable prognosis in RDEB-SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Ragot
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Gaucher
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Justine Basset
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rose Boudan
- Reference Center for Genodermatoses ("Maladies Génétiques à Expression Cutanée", MAGEC), Saint-Louis Hospital (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 75010 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Battistella
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Louis Hospital (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bourrat
- Reference Center for Genodermatoses ("Maladies Génétiques à Expression Cutanée", MAGEC), Saint-Louis Hospital (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 75010 Paris, France
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Genomic Medicine of Rare Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Matthias Titeux
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
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Lin H, Fu L, Zhou X, Yu A, Chen Y, Liao W, Shu G, Zhang L, Tan L, Liang H, Wang Z, Deng Q, Wang J, Jin M, Chen Z, Wei J, Cao J, Chen W, Li X, Li P, Lu J, Luo J. LRP1 induces anti-PD-1 resistance by modulating the DLL4-NOTCH2-CCL2 axis and redirecting M2-like macrophage polarisation in bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216807. [PMID: 38462037 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) drives bladder cancer (BLCA) progression. Targeting the TME has emerged as a promising strategy for BLCA treatment in recent years. Furthermore, checkpoint blockade therapies are only beneficial for a minority of patients with BLCA, and drug resistance is a barrier to achieving significant clinical effects of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) therapy. In this study, higher low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) levels were related to a poorer prognosis for patients with various cancers, including those with higher grades and later stages of BLCA. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that LRP1 plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), NOTCH signalling pathway, and ubiquitination. LRP1 knockdown in BLCA cells delayed BLCA progression both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, LRP1 knockdown suppressed EMT, reduced DLL4-NOTCH2 signalling activity, and downregulated M2-like macrophage polarisation. Patients with BLCA and higher LRP1 levels responded weakly to anti-PD-1 therapy in the IMvigor210 cohort. Moreover, LRP1 knockdown enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that LRP1 is a potential target for improving the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy by preventing EMT and M2-like macrophage polarisation by blocking the DLL4-NOTCH2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangmin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anze Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyuan Liao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Shu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyan Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiyu Jin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhuan Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazheng Cao
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Haibang Street 23, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Pengju Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Wang H, Liu S, Zhan J, Liang Y, Zeng X. Shaping the immune-suppressive microenvironment on tumor-associated myeloid cells through tumor-derived exosomes. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:2031-2042. [PMID: 38500385 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) play a crucial role in orchestrating the dynamics of the tumor immune microenvironment. This heterogeneous population encompasses myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells, all of which contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive milieu that fosters tumor progression. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs), small extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells, have emerged as central mediators in intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. In this comprehensive review, we explore the intricate mechanisms through which TEXs modulate immune-suppressive effects on TAMCs and their profound implications in cancer progression. We delve into the multifaceted ways in which TEXs influence TAMC functions, subsequently affecting tumor immune evasion. Furthermore, we elucidate various therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting TEX-mediated immune suppression, with the ultimate goal of bolstering antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhao Zhan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinical Medcine, HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
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9
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Larkin RM, Lopez DC, Robbins YL, Lassoued W, Canubas K, Warner A, Karim B, Vulikh K, Hodge JW, Floudas CS, Gulley JL, Gallia GL, Allen CT, London NR. Augmentation of tumor expression of HLA-DR, CXCL9, and CXCL10 may improve olfactory neuroblastoma immunotherapeutic responses. J Transl Med 2024; 22:524. [PMID: 38822345 PMCID: PMC11140921 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignancy of the anterior skull base typically treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation. Although outcomes are fair for low-grade disease, patients with high-grade, recurrent, or metastatic disease oftentimes respond poorly to standard treatment methods. We hypothesized that an in-depth evaluation of the olfactory neuroblastoma tumor immune microenvironment would identify mechanisms of immune evasion in high-grade olfactory neuroblastoma as well as rational targetable mechanisms for future translational immunotherapeutic approaches. METHODS Multispectral immunofluorescence and RNAScope evaluation of the tumor immune microenvironment was performed on forty-seven clinically annotated olfactory neuroblastoma samples. A retrospective chart review was performed and clinical correlations assessed. RESULTS A significant T cell infiltration was noted in olfactory neuroblastoma samples with a stromal predilection, presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and sparse natural killer cells. A striking decrease was observed in MHC-I expression in high-grade olfactory neuroblastoma compared to low-grade disease, representing a mechanism of immune evasion in high-grade disease. Mechanistically, the immune effector stromal predilection appears driven by low tumor cell MHC class II (HLA-DR), CXCL9, and CXCL10 expression as those tumors with increased tumor cell expression of each of these mediators correlated with significant increases in T cell infiltration. CONCLUSION These data suggest that immunotherapeutic strategies that augment tumor cell expression of MHC class II, CXCL9, and CXCL10 may improve parenchymal trafficking of immune effector cells in olfactory neuroblastoma and augment immunotherapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley M Larkin
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diana C Lopez
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yvette L Robbins
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wiem Lassoued
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Canubas
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Warner
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ksenia Vulikh
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - James W Hodge
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charalampos S Floudas
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary L Gallia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clint T Allen
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nyall R London
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Jing W, Wang G, Cui Z, Li X, Zeng S, Jiang X, Li W, Han B, Xing N, Zhao Y, Chen S, Shi B. Tumor-neutrophil cross talk orchestrates the tumor microenvironment to determine the bladder cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312855121. [PMID: 38713626 PMCID: PMC11098120 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312855121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune landscape of bladder cancer progression is not fully understood, and effective therapies are lacking in advanced bladder cancer. Here, we visualized that bladder cancer cells recruited neutrophils by secreting interleukin-8 (IL-8); in turn, neutrophils played dual functions in bladder cancer, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) release and CCL3highPD-L1high super-immunosuppressive subset formation. Mechanistically, c-Fos was identified as the mediator of HGF up-regulating IL-8 transcription in bladder cancer cells, which was central to the positive feedback of neutrophil recruitment. Clinically, compared with serum IL-8, urine IL-8 was a better biomarker for bladder cancer prognosis and clinical benefit of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Additionally, targeting neutrophils or hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) signaling combined with ICB inhibited bladder cancer progression and boosted the antitumor effect of CD8+ T cells in mice. These findings reveal the mechanism by which tumor-neutrophil cross talk orchestrates the bladder cancer microenvironment and provide combination strategies, which may have broad impacts on patients suffering from malignancies enriched with neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Jing
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Ganyu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Shuyan Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Wushan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province250000, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing10021, China
| | - Yunxue Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province250012, China
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11
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Xiong G, Chen Z, Liu Q, Peng F, Zhang C, Cheng M, Ling R, Chen S, Liang Y, Chen D, Zhou Q. CD276 regulates the immune escape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through CXCL1-CXCR2 induced NETs. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008662. [PMID: 38724465 PMCID: PMC11086492 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD276 (B7-H3), a pivotal immune checkpoint, facilitates tumorigenicity, invasiveness, and metastasis by escaping immune surveillance in a variety of tumors; however, the underlying mechanisms facilitating immune escape in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain enigmatic. METHODS We investigated the expression of CD276 in ESCC tissues from patients by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. In vivo, we established a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced CD276 knockout (CD276wKO) and K14cre; CD276 conditional knockout (CD276cKO) mouse model of ESCC to study the functional role of CD276 in ESCC. Furthermore, we used the 4NQO-induced mouse model to evaluate the effects of anti-CXCL1 antibodies, anti-Ly6G antibodies, anti-NK1.1 antibodies, and GSK484 inhibitors on tumor growth. Moreover, IHC, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to measure immune cell proportions in ESCC. In addition, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to examine the alterations in tumor microenvironment following CD276 depletion. RESULTS In this study, we elucidate that CD276 is markedly upregulated in ESCC, correlating with poor prognosis. In vivo, our results indicate that depletion of CD276 inhibits tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC. Furthermore, conditional knockout of CD276 in epithelial cells engenders a significant downregulation of CXCL1, consequently reducing the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap networks (NETs) via the CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling axis, while simultaneously augmenting natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, overexpression of CD276 promotes tumorigenesis via increasing NETs' formation and reducing NK cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully elucidates the functional role of CD276 in ESCC. Our comprehensive analysis uncovers the significant role of CD276 in modulating immune surveillance mechanisms in ESCC, thereby suggesting that targeting CD276 might serve as a potential therapeutic approach for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Xiong
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongsong Ling
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qimin Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Sun C, Wang S, Ma Z, Zhou J, Ding Z, Yuan G, Pan Y. Neutrophils in glioma microenvironment: from immune function to immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393173. [PMID: 38779679 PMCID: PMC11109384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, effective treatment options for gliomas are still lacking. Neutrophils, as an important member of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are widely distributed in circulation. Recently, the discovery of cranial-meningeal channels and intracranial lymphatic vessels has provided new insights into the origins of neutrophils in the CNS. Neutrophils in the brain may originate more from the skull and adjacent vertebral bone marrow. They cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under the action of chemokines and enter the brain parenchyma, subsequently migrating to the glioma TME and undergoing phenotypic changes upon contact with tumor cells. Under glycolytic metabolism model, neutrophils show complex and dual functions in different stages of cancer progression, including participation in the malignant progression, immune suppression, and anti-tumor effects of gliomas. Additionally, neutrophils in the TME interact with other immune cells, playing a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy. Targeting neutrophils may be a novel generation of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of neutrophils infiltrating the central nervous system from the external environment, detailing the origin, functions, classifications, and targeted therapies of neutrophils in the context of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilin Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yawen Pan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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13
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Chen J, Xu Y, Yu F, Ma Z, Yu J, Zhang X. NETs: an extracellular DNA network structure with implication for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1260-1272. [PMID: 38443616 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases and tumors are best known for its high morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a growing recognition of the association between CV diseases and tumorigenesis. In addition to CV damage caused by anti-tumor drugs and tumor-induced organ dysfunction, CV events themselves and their treatment may also have a role in promoting tumorigenesis. Therefore, Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of the two kinds of diseases have entered the era of clinical convergence. Emerging evidence indicates significant biologic overlap between cancer and CV diseases, with the recognition of shared biologic mechanisms. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent an immune mechanism of neutrophils promoting the development of tumors and their metastasis. It has been recently demonstrated that NETs exist in various stages of hypertension and heart failure, exacerbating disease progression. At present, most studies focus on the biological role of NETs in CV diseases and tumor respectively, and there are relatively few studies on the specific regulatory mechanisms and effects of NETs in cardiovascular diseases associated with tumors. In this narrative review, we summarize some recent basic and clinical findings on how NETs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases associated with tumors. We also highlight that the development of treatments targeting NETs may be one of the effective ways to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yuansheng Xu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhengke Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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14
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Ma YT, Zheng L, Zhao CW, Zhang Y, Xu XW, Wang XY, Niu GP, Man ZS, Gu F, Chen YQ. Interferon-α induces differentiation of cancer stem cells and immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating CXCL8 secretion. Cytokine 2024; 177:156555. [PMID: 38387232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is widely used in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, high levels of CXCL8 are associated with resistance to IFN-α therapy and poorer prognosis in advanced cancers. In this study, we investigated whether IFN-α could directly induce the production of CXCL8 in HCC cells and whether CXCL8 could antagonize the antitumor activity of IFN-α. We found that IFN-α not only upregulated the expression of the inducible genes CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and PD-L1, but also significantly stimulated CXCL8 secretion in HCC cells. Mechanically, IFN-α induces CXCL8 expression by activating the AKT and JNK pathways. In addition, our results demonstrate that IFN-α exposure significantly increases the differentiation of HCC stem cells, but this effect is reversed by the addition of the CXCL8 receptor CXCR1/2 inhibitor Reparixin and STAT3 inhibitor Stattic. Besides, our study reveals that the cytokine CXCL8 secreted by IFN-α-induced HCC cells inhibits T-cell function. Conversely, inhibition of CXCL8 promotes TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion by T cells. Finally, liver cancer patients who received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy with high CXCL8 expression had a lower immunotherapy efficacy. Overall, our findings clarify that IFN-α triggers immunosuppression and cancer stem cell differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating CXCL8 secretion. This discovery provides a novel approach to enhance the effectiveness of HCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Ping Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Song Man
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221009, China.
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Institute of Medical Science, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Xu Y, Miller CP, Tykodi SS, Akilesh S, Warren EH. Signaling crosstalk between tumor endothelial cells and immune cells in the microenvironment of solid tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1387198. [PMID: 38726320 PMCID: PMC11079179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1387198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs) are crucial mediators of immune surveillance and immune escape in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TECs driven by angiogenic growth factors form an abnormal vasculature which deploys molecular machinery to selectively promote the function and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells while simultaneously blocking the entry and function of anti-tumor immune cells. TECs also utilize a similar set of signaling regulators to promote the metastasis of tumor cells. Meanwhile, the tumor-infiltrating immune cells further induce the TEC anergy by secreting pro-angiogenic factors and prevents further immune cell penetration into the TME. Understanding the complex interactions between TECs and immune cells will be needed to successfully treat cancer patients with combined therapy to achieve vasculature normalization while augmenting antitumor immunity. In this review, we will discuss what is known about the signaling crosstalk between TECs and tumor-infiltrating immune cells to reveal insights and strategies for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Xu
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chris P. Miller
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Scott S. Tykodi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edus H. Warren
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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16
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Muralidhar A, Hernandez R, Morris ZS, Comas Rojas H, Bio Idrissou M, Weichert JP, McNeel DG. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells attenuate the antitumor efficacy of radiopharmaceutical therapy using 90Y-NM600 in combination with androgen deprivation therapy in murine prostate tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008760. [PMID: 38663936 PMCID: PMC11043705 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is pivotal in treating recurrent prostate cancer and is often combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for localized disease. However, for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, EBRT is typically only used in the palliative setting, because of the inability to radiate all sites of disease. Systemic radiation treatments that preferentially irradiate cancer cells, known as radiopharmaceutical therapy or targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), have demonstrable benefits for treating metastatic prostate cancer. Here, we explored the use of a novel TRT, 90Y-NM600, specifically in combination with ADT, in murine prostate tumor models. METHODS 6-week-old male FVB mice were implanted subcutaneously with Myc-CaP tumor cells and given a single intravenous injection of 90Y-NM600, in combination with ADT (degarelix). The combination and sequence of administration were evaluated for effect on tumor growth and infiltrating immune populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Sera were assessed to determine treatment effects on cytokine profiles. RESULTS ADT delivered prior to TRT (ADT→TRT) resulted in significantly greater antitumor response and overall survival than if delivered after TRT (TRT→ADT). Studies conducted in immunodeficient NRG mice failed to show a difference in treatment sequence, suggesting an immunological mechanism. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) significantly accumulated in tumors following TRT→ADT treatment and retained immune suppressive function. However, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with an activated and memory phenotype were more prevalent in the ADT→TRT group. Depletion of Gr1+MDSCs led to greater antitumor response following either treatment sequence. Chemotaxis assays suggested that tumor cells secreted chemokines that recruited MDSCs, notably CXCL1 and CXCL2. The use of a selective CXCR2 antagonist, reparixin, further improved antitumor responses and overall survival when used in tumor-bearing mice treated with TRT→ADT. CONCLUSION The combination of ADT and TRT improved antitumor responses in murine models of prostate cancer, however, this was dependent on the order of administration. This was found to be associated with one treatment sequence leading to an increase in infiltrating MDSCs. Combining treatment with a CXCR2 antagonist improved the antitumor effect of this combination, suggesting a possible approach for treating advanced human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary S Morris
- Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hansel Comas Rojas
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Malick Bio Idrissou
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jamey P Weichert
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Cao JW, Lake J, Impastato R, Chow L, Perez L, Chubb L, Kurihara J, Verneris MR, Dow S. Targeting osteosarcoma with canine B7-H3 CAR T cells and impact of CXCR2 Co-expression on functional activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:77. [PMID: 38554158 PMCID: PMC10981605 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of large animal spontaneous models of solid cancers, such as dogs with osteosarcoma (OS), can help develop new cancer immunotherapy approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The goal of the present study was to generate canine CAR T cells targeting the B7-H3 (CD276) co-stimulatory molecule overexpressed by several solid cancers, including OS in both humans and dogs, and to assess their ability to recognize B7-H3 expressed by canine OS cell lines or by canine tumors in xenograft models. A second objective was to determine whether a novel dual CAR that expressed a chemokine receptor together with the B7-H3 CAR improved the activity of the canine CAR T cells. Therefore, in the studies reported here we examined B7-H3 expression by canine OS tumors, evaluated target engagement by canine B7-H3 CAR T cells in vitro, and compared the relative effectiveness of B7-H3 CAR T cells versus B7-H3-CXCR2 dual CAR T cells in canine xenograft models. We found that most canine OS tumors expressed B7-H3; whereas, levels were undetectable on normal dog tissues. Both B7-H3 CAR T cells demonstrated activation and OS-specific target killing in vitro, but there was significantly greater cytokine production by B7-H3-CXCR2 CAR T cells. In canine OS xenograft models, little anti-tumor activity was generated by B7-H3 CAR T cells; whereas, B7-H3-CXCR2 CAR T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth, inducing complete tumor elimination in most treated mice. These findings indicated therefore that addition of a chemokine receptor could significantly improve the anti-tumor activity of canine B7-H3 CAR T cells, and that evaluation of this new dual CAR construct in dogs with primary or metastatic OS is warranted since such studies could provide a critical and realistic validation of the chemokine receptor concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Lake
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower 12800 E. 19th Ave. Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Renata Impastato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Luisanny Perez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower 12800 E. 19th Ave. Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Ma H, Yao W, Peng B, Liu X, Chen J, Lin Y, Di T, Li P, He X. Mercury-containing preparations attenuate neutrophil extracellular trap formation in mice and humans through inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117421. [PMID: 37979820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation plays a crucial role in wound healing disorders, including chronic skin ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Over the years, traditional Chinese topical medications, such as Cinnabar (composed of HgS and soluble mercury salt) and hydrargyria oxydum rubrum (containing HgO and soluble mercury salt), have been utilized for treating these ailments. Nevertheless, the fundamental processes remain mostly ambiguous. AIM OF THE STUDY This study sought to investigate the potential effects of topical mercury-containing preparations on the process of NET formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neutrophils isolated from healthy individuals and mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were cultured with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), both with and without the mercury-containing preparations (MCP). The formation of NETs was monitored using confocal and scanning electron microscopes. Immunofluorescence and fluorescent probes were employed to assess the levels of citrulline histone H3 (Cit-H3) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The impact of MCP extracts on cytokine expression, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured through Luminex and ELISA assays. Phagocytosis of human neutrophils was analyzed using Flow Cytometry. Finally, the phosphorylation levels of ERK were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Treatment with MCP led to a reduction in PAD4, Cit-H3, and MPO expressions in neutrophils, consequently inhibiting PMA-induced NET formation. MCP treatment also dampened ERK1/2 activation in neutrophils. Furthermore, MCP exhibited inhibitory effects on the secretion of the cytokine IL-8 and ROS production while enhancing neutrophil phagocytosis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MCP can mitigate the release of NETs, likely by suppressing the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huike Ma
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Wentao Yao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Bing Peng
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Tingting Di
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Xiujuan He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
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Shukrun R, Baron S, Fidel V, Shusterman A, Sher O, Kollender N, Levin D, Peled Y, Gortzak Y, Ben‐Shahar Y, Caspi R, Gordon S, Manisterski M, Elhasid R. Suggested role for neutrophil extracellular trap formation in Ewing sarcoma immune microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:36-47. [PMID: 37915266 PMCID: PMC10823276 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a highly aggressive cancer with a survival rate of 70%-80% for patients with localized disease and under 30% for those with metastatic disease. Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TIN) can generate extracellular net-like DNA structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, little is known about the presence and prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating NETs in EWS. Herein, we investigated 46 patients diagnosed with EWS and treated in the Tel Aviv Medical Center between 2010 and 2021. TINs and NETs were identified in diagnostic biopsies of EWS by immunofluorescence. In addition, NETs were investigated in neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood samples of EWS patients at diagnosis and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The relationships between the presence of TINs and NETs, pathological and clinical features, and outcomes were analyzed. Our results demonstrate that TIN and NETs at diagnosis were higher in EWS patients with metastatic disease compared with those with local disease. High NET formation at diagnosis predicted poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, relapse, and death from disease (p < 0.05). NET formation in peripheral blood samples at diagnosis was significantly elevated among patients with EWS compared with pediatric controls and decreased significantly following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In conclusion, NET formation seems to have a role in the EWS immune microenvironment. Their presence can refine risk stratification, predict chemotherapy resistance and survival, and serve as a therapeutic target in patients with EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shukrun
- Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology Research LaboratoryTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Department of Pediatric Hemato‐OncologyTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Szilvia Baron
- Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology Research LaboratoryTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Victoria Fidel
- Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology Research LaboratoryTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Anna Shusterman
- Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology Research LaboratoryTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Osnat Sher
- Department of PathologyTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Netanya Kollender
- Department of Pediatric Hemato‐OncologyTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Dror Levin
- Department of Pediatric Hemato‐OncologyTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yair Peled
- Department of Pediatric Hemato‐OncologyTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yair Gortzak
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Pediatric Orthopedic Oncology Unit, National Unit of Orthopedic OncologyTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yoav Ben‐Shahar
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
| | - Revital Caspi
- Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology Research LaboratoryTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Sagi Gordon
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Michal Manisterski
- Department of Pediatric Hemato‐OncologyTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ronit Elhasid
- Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology Research LaboratoryTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Department of Pediatric Hemato‐OncologyTel Aviv Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael
- Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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20
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Hu Y, Wang H, Liu Y. NETosis: Sculpting tumor metastasis and immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:263-279. [PMID: 37712361 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, called NETosis, is a peculiar death modality of neutrophils, which was first observed as an immune response against bacterial infection. However, recent work has revealed the unique biology of NETosis in facilitating tumor metastatic process. Neutrophil extracellular traps released by the tumor microenvironment (TME) shield tumor cells from cytotoxic immunity, leading to impaired tumor clearance. Besides, tumor cells tapped by NETs enable to travel through vessels and subsequently seed distant organs. Targeted ablation of NETosis has been proven to be beneficial in potentiating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in the metastatic settings. This review outlines the impact of NETosis at almost all stages of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, understanding the multifaceted interplay between NETosis and the TME components is crucial for supporting the rational development of highly effective combination immunotherapeutic strategies with anti-NETosis for patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hu
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Houhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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21
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Pavlovic D, Niciforovic D, Markovic M, Papic D. Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Treatment, and Risk Assessment. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231220297. [PMID: 38152726 PMCID: PMC10752082 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231220297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients represent a growing population with drastically difficult care and a lowered quality of life, especially due to the heightened risk of vast complications. Thus, it is well established so far that one of the most prominent complications in individuals with cancer is venous thromboembolism. Since there are various improved methods for screening and diagnosing cancer and its complications, the incidence of cancer-associated thrombosis has been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, the high mortality and morbidity rates among these patients are not a surprise. Consequently, there is an excruciating need for understanding the mechanisms behind this complex process, as well as the imperative for adequate analysis and application of the most suitable steps for cancer-associated thrombosis prevention. There are various and numerous mechanisms offering potential answers to cancer-associated thrombosis, some of which have already been elucidated in various preclinical and clinical scenarios, yet further and more elaborate studies are crucial to understanding and preventing this complex and harsh clinical entity. This article elaborates on the growing incidence, mortality, morbidity, and risk factors of cancer-associated thrombosis while emphasizing the pathophysiological mechanisms in the light of various types of cancer in patients and summarizes the most novel therapy and prevention guidelines recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Pavlovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Niciforovic
- Center for Internal Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Markovic
- Center for Internal Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Papic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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22
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Pawlowski KD, Duffy JT, Gottschalk S, Balyasnikova IV. Cytokine Modification of Adoptive Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5852. [PMID: 38136398 PMCID: PMC10741789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell-based therapies have demonstrated limited success in solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). GBMs exhibit high heterogeneity and create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, other challenges exist for CAR therapy, including trafficking and infiltration into the tumor site, proliferation, persistence of CARs once in the tumor, and reduced functionality, such as suboptimal cytokine production. Cytokine modification is of interest, as one can enhance therapy efficacy and minimize off-target toxicity by directly combining CAR therapy with cytokines, antibodies, or oncolytic viruses that alter cytokine response pathways. Alternatively, one can genetically modify CAR T-cells or CAR NK-cells to secrete cytokines or express cytokines or cytokine receptors. Finally, CARs can be genetically altered to augment or suppress intracellular cytokine signaling pathways for a more direct approach. Codelivery of cytokines with CARs is the most straightforward method, but it has associated toxicity. Alternatively, combining CAR therapy with antibodies (e.g., anti-IL-6, anti-PD1, and anti-VEGF) or oncolytic viruses has enhanced CAR cell infiltration into GBM tumors and provided proinflammatory signals to the TME. CAR T- or NK-cells secreting cytokines (e.g., IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) have shown improved efficacy within multiple GBM subtypes. Likewise, expressing cytokine-modulating receptors in CAR cells that promote or inhibit cytokine signaling has enhanced their activity. Finally, gene editing approaches are actively being pursued to directly influence immune signaling pathways in CAR cells. In this review, we summarize these cytokine modification methods and highlight any existing gaps in the hope of catalyzing an improved generation of CAR-based therapies for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D. Pawlowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Joseph T. Duffy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA;
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Irina V. Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA;
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
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23
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Liu Y, Wang R, Song C, Ding S, Zuo Y, Yi K, Li N, Wang B, Geng Q. Crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and immune regulation: insights into pathobiology and therapeutic implications of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1324021. [PMID: 38162674 PMCID: PMC10755469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-associated death, occurring during or within 6 hours after transfusion. Reports indicate that TRALI can be categorized as having or lacking acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk factors. There are two types of TRALI in terms of its pathogenesis: antibody-mediated and non-antibody-mediated. The key initiation steps involve the priming and activation of neutrophils, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) being established as effector molecules formed by activated neutrophils in response to various stimuli. These NETs contribute to the production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and participate in the destruction of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. The significant role of NETs in TRALI is well recognized, offering a potential pathway for TRALI treatment. Moreover, platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells, and complements have been identified as promoters of NET formation. Concurrently, studies have demonstrated that the storage of platelets and concentrated red blood cells (RBC) can induce TRALI through bioactive lipids. In this article, recent clinical and pre-clinical studies on the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of TRALI are reviewed to further illuminate the mechanism through which NETs induce TRALI. This review aims to propose new therapeutic strategies for TRALI, with the hope of effectively improving its poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Hong M, Talluri S, Chen YY. Advances in promoting chimeric antigen receptor T cell trafficking and infiltration of solid tumors. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 84:103020. [PMID: 37976958 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated robust response rates in treating hematological malignancies. However, solid tumors present multiple challenges that hinder the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells, including antigen heterogeneity, off-tumor and systemic toxicities, and the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Notably, the TME of solid tumors is characterized by chemokine dysregulation and a dense architecture consisting of tumor stroma, extracellular matrix, and aberrant vasculature that impede migration of CAR-T cells to the tumor site as well as infiltration into the solid-tumor mass. In this review, we highlight recent advances to improve CAR-T-cell trafficking to and infiltration of solid tumors to promote effective antigen recognition by CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihe Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohan Talluri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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25
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Yi M, Li T, Niu M, Mei Q, Zhao B, Chu Q, Dai Z, Wu K. Exploiting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:187. [PMID: 38008741 PMCID: PMC10680233 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers. However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive immunity, mainly by inhibiting immunosuppressive signaling with immune checkpoint blockade, or enhancing immunostimulatory signaling with bispecific T cell engager and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell. Although these agents have already achieved great success, only a tiny percentage of patients could benefit from immunotherapies. Actually, immunotherapy efficacy is determined by multiple components in the tumor microenvironment beyond adaptive immunity. Cells from the innate arm of the immune system, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and unconventional T cells, also participate in cancer immune evasion and surveillance. Considering that the innate arm is the cornerstone of the antitumor immune response, utilizing innate immunity provides potential therapeutic options for cancer control. Up to now, strategies exploiting innate immunity, such as agonists of stimulator of interferon genes, CAR-macrophage or -natural killer cell therapies, metabolic regulators, and novel immune checkpoint blockade, have exhibited potent antitumor activities in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we summarize the latest insights into the potential roles of innate cells in antitumor immunity and discuss the advances in innate arm-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Shibata Y, Kishida T, Kouro T, Wei F, Igarashi Y, Himuro H, Noguchi T, Koizumi M, Suzuki T, Osaka K, Saigusa Y, Sasada T. Immune mediators as predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in urothelial carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269935. [PMID: 38026978 PMCID: PMC10679331 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to identify immune mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, in the plasma for predicting treatment efficacy and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods: We enrolled 57 patients with aUC who were treated with the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab after the failure of platinum-based chemotherapy between February 2018 and December 2020. Plasma levels of 73 soluble immune mediators were measured before and 6 weeks after initiating pembrolizumab therapy. The association of estimated soluble immune mediators with clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), anti-tumor responses, and irAEs, were statistically evaluated. Results: In the multivariate analysis, levels of 18 factors at baseline and 12 factors during treatment were significantly associated with OS. Regarding PFS, baseline levels of 17 factors were significantly associated with PFS. Higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), and IL-12 (p40), both at baseline and post-treatment, were significantly associated with worse OS. Conversely, low IL-6 and high TWEAK levels at baseline were associated with irAEs. Among identified factors, interferon (IFN) γ and IL-12 (p40) were repeatedly identified; high baseline levels of these factors were risk factors for worse OS and PFS, as well as progressive disease. Notably, using correlation and principal component analysis, factors significantly associated with clinical outcomes were broadly classified into three groups exhibiting similar expression patterns. Discussion: Measuring plasma levels of soluble immune mediators, such as IL-6, IL-8, sTNF-R1, IFNγ, and IL-12 (p40), could be recommended for predicting prognosis and irAEs in ICI-treated patients with aUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shibata
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kishida
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kouro
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Feifei Wei
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Igarashi
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Himuro
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeaki Noguchi
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Koizumi
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimito Osaka
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saigusa
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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27
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Zuo H, Yang M, Ji Q, Fu S, Pu X, Zhang X, Wang X. Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Novel Antitumor Strategy. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5599660. [PMID: 38023616 PMCID: PMC10653965 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5599660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for cancer is usually limited by the deterioration of tumor microenvironment (TME). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are decondensed chromatin extruded by neutrophils and are widely distributed among various cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the TME, NETs interact with stromal components, immune cells and cancer cells, which allows for the reshaping of the matrix and the extracellular environment that favors the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. In addition, NETs impair the proliferation and activation of T cells and NK cells, thus producing a suppressive TME that restricts the effect of immunotherapy. A better understanding of the function of NETs in the TME will provide new opportunities for the prevention of cancer metastasis and the discovery of novel therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nursing, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengqiao Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Pu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Karapetyan L, Iheagwara UK, Olson AC, Chmura SJ, Skinner HK, Luke JJ. Radiation dose, schedule, and novel systemic targets for radio-immunotherapy combinations. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1278-1293. [PMID: 37348864 PMCID: PMC10637035 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy combinations are being investigated to expand the benefit of immune checkpoint blockade across many cancer types. Radiation combinations, in particular using stereotactic body radiotherapy, are of keen interest because of underlying mechanistic rationale, safety, and availability as a standard of care in certain cancers. In addition to direct tumor cytotoxicity, radiation therapy has immunomodulatory effects such as induction of immunogenic cell death, enhancement of antigen presentation, and expansion of the T-cell receptor repertoire as well as recruitment and increased activity of tumor-specific effector CD8+ cells. Combinations of radiation with cytokines and/or chemokines and anti-programmed death 1 and anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 therapies have demonstrated safety and feasibility, as well as the potential to improve long-term outcomes and possibly induce out of irradiated field or abscopal responses. Novel immunoradiotherapy combinations represent a promising therapeutic approach to overcome radioresistance and further enhance systemic immunotherapy. Potential benefits include reversing CD8+ T-cell exhaustion, inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and reversing M2 macrophage polarization as well as decreasing levels of colony-stimulating factor-1 and transforming growth factor-β. Here, we discuss current data and mechanistic rationale for combining novel immunotherapy agents with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Karapetyan
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Uzoma K Iheagwara
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Olson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Chmura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heath K Skinner
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Rosell A, Gautam G, Wannberg F, Ng H, Gry H, Vingbäck E, Lundström S, Mackman N, Wallén H, Westerlund E, Thålin C. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is an independent risk factor for occult cancer in patients presenting with venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3166-3174. [PMID: 37479035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly unprovoked VTE, is associated with occult cancer. The optimal screening regimen remains controversial. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in cancer-associated thrombosis, and elevated biomarkers of NET formation are associated with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between NET formation and occult cancer in patients with VTE. METHODS Blood biomarkers associated with NETs and neutrophil activation (nucleosomal citrullinated histone H3 [H3Cit-DNA], cell-free DNA, and neutrophil elastase) were quantified in patients with VTE. The primary outcome was cancer diagnosed during a one-year follow-up. RESULTS This study included 460 patients with VTE, of which 221 (48%) had isolated deep vein thrombosis. Forty-three patients had active cancer at inclusion and were excluded from the primary analysis Cancer during follow-up was diagnosed in 29 of 417 (7.0%) patients. After adjustment for age and unprovoked VTE, the hazard ratio of cancer during follow-up per 500 ng/mL increase of H3Cit-DNA was 1.79 (95% CI, 1.03-3.10). Furthermore, patients with cancer-associated VTE (known active cancer or cancer diagnosed during follow-up) had higher levels of H3Cit-DNA than cancer-free patients with VTE after adjustment for age, hemoglobin, gender, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous cancer, and start of anticoagulant treatment (odds ratio 2.06 per 500 ng/mL increase of H3Cit-DNA [95% CI, 1.35-3.13]). CONCLUSIONS H3Cit-DNA is an independent predictor for occult cancer in patients with VTE and elevated in cancer-associated VTE, suggesting that H3Cit-DNA is potentially a useful diagnostic marker for cancer in patients with VTE and that elevated NET formation is a hallmark of cancer-associated VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Rosell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gargi Gautam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Wannberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henry Ng
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hanna Gry
- Division of Radiology, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Emma Vingbäck
- Division of Internal Medicine and Infectious diseases, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Staffan Lundström
- Palliative Care Services and R&D-unit, Stockholms Sjukhem Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eli Westerlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bazargan S, Bunch B, Ojwang‘ AME, Blauvelt J, Landin A, Ali J, Abrahams D, Cox C, Hall AM, Beatty MS, Poch M, Rejniak KA, Pilon-Thomas S. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells with gemcitabine to enhance efficacy of adoptive cell therapy in bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275375. [PMID: 37901214 PMCID: PMC10602731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New therapeutics in development for bladder cancer need to address the recalcitrant nature of the disease. Intravesical adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can potentially induce durable responses in bladder cancer while maximizing T cells at the tumor site. T cells infused into the bladder directly encounter immunosuppressive populations, such as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), that can attenuate T cell responses. Intravesical instillation of gemcitabine can be used as a lymphodepleting agent to precondition the bladder microenvironment for infused T cell products. Methods Urine samples from bladder cancer patients and healthy donors were analyzed by flow cytometry and cytometric bead array for immune profiling and cytokine quantification. MDSCs were isolated from the urine and cocultured with stimulated T cells to assess effects on proliferation. An orthotopic murine model of bladder cancer was established using the MB49-OVA cell line and immune profiling was performed. MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice were cocultured with OT-I splenocytes to assess T cell proliferation. Mice received intravesical instillation of gemcitabine and depletion of immune cells was measured via flow cytometry. Bladder tumor growth of mice treated with intravesical gemcitabine, OT-I transgenic T cells, or combination was monitored via ultrasound measurement. Results In comparison to healthy donors, urine specimen from bladder cancer patients show high levels of MDSCs and cytokines associated with myeloid chemotaxis, T cell chemotaxis, and inflammation. T cells isolated from healthy donors were less proliferative when cocultured with MDSCs from the urine. Orthotopic murine bladder tumors also presented with high levels of MDSCs along with enrichment of cytokines found in the patient urine samples. MDSCs isolated from spleens of tumor-bearing mice exerted suppressive effects on the proliferation of OT-I T cells. Intravesical instillation of gemcitabine reduced overall immune cells, MDSCs, and T cells in orthotopic bladder tumors. Combination treatment with gemcitabine and OT-I T cells resulted in sustained anti-tumor responses in comparison to monotherapy treatments. Conclusion MDSCs are enriched within the microenvironment of bladder tumors and are suppressive to T cells. Gemcitabine can be used to lymphodeplete bladder tumors and precondition the microenvironment for intravesical ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bazargan
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brittany Bunch
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Jamie Blauvelt
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Annick Landin
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Johannes Ali
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dominique Abrahams
- Comparative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Cheryl Cox
- Cell Therapy Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amy M. Hall
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Matthew S. Beatty
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michael Poch
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Katarzyna A. Rejniak
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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Bennike TB. Advances in proteomics: characterization of the innate immune system after birth and during inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254948. [PMID: 37868984 PMCID: PMC10587584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics is the characterization of the protein composition, the proteome, of a biological sample. It involves the large-scale identification and quantification of proteins, peptides, and post-translational modifications. This review focuses on recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics and provides an overview of available methods for sample preparation to study the innate immune system. Recent advancements in the proteomics workflows, including sample preparation, have significantly improved the sensitivity and proteome coverage of biological samples including the technically difficult blood plasma. Proteomics is often applied in immunology and has been used to characterize the levels of innate immune system components after perturbations such as birth or during chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In cancers, the tumor microenvironment may generate chronic inflammation and release cytokines to the circulation. In these situations, the innate immune system undergoes profound and long-lasting changes, the large-scale characterization of which may increase our biological understanding and help identify components with translational potential for guiding diagnosis and treatment decisions. With the ongoing technical development, proteomics will likely continue to provide increasing insights into complex biological processes and their implications for health and disease. Integrating proteomics with other omics data and utilizing multi-omics approaches have been demonstrated to give additional valuable insights into biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue Bjerg Bennike
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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32
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Modestino L, Cristinziano L, Trocchia M, Ventrici A, Capone M, Madonna G, Loffredo S, Ferrara AL, Romanelli M, Simeone E, Varricchi G, Rossi FW, de Paulis A, Marone G, Ascierto PA, Galdiero MR. Melanoma-derived soluble mediators modulate neutrophil biological properties and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3363-3376. [PMID: 37525065 PMCID: PMC10491523 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the main effector cells in the inflammatory response. The significance of PMN infiltration in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Metastatic melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer with an increasing incidence over the last few decades. This study aimed to investigate the role of PMNs and their related mediators in human melanoma. Highly purified human PMNs from healthy donors were stimulated in vitro with conditioned media (CM) derived from the melanoma cell lines SKMEL28 and A375 (melanoma CM), and primary melanocytes as controls. PMN biological properties (chemotaxis, survival, activation, cell tracking, morphology and NET release) were evaluated. We found that the A375 cell line produced soluble factors that promoted PMN chemotaxis, survival, activation and modification of morphological changes and kinetic properties. Furthermore, in both melanoma cell lines CM induced chemotaxis, activation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from PMNs. In contrast, the primary melanocyte CM did not modify the biological behavior of PMNs. In addition, serum levels of myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloprotease-9, CXCL8/IL-8, granulocyte and monocyte colony-stimulating factor and NETs were significantly increased in patients with advanced melanoma compared to healthy controls. Melanoma cell lines produce soluble factors able to "educate" PMNs toward an activated functional state. Patients with metastatic melanoma display increased circulating levels of neutrophil-related mediators and NETs. Further investigations are needed to better understand the role of these "tumor-educated neutrophils" in modifying melanoma cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Trocchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annagioia Ventrici
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Madonna
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Romanelli
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Simeone
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy, and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Augustin RC, Newman S, Li A, Joy M, Lyons M, Pham MP, Lucas P, Smith K, Sander C, Isett B, Davar D, Najjar YG, Zarour HM, Kirkwood JM, Luke JJ, Bao R. Identification of tumor-intrinsic drivers of immune exclusion in acral melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007567. [PMID: 37857525 PMCID: PMC10603348 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acral melanoma (AM) has distinct characteristics as compared with cutaneous melanoma and exhibits poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Tumor-intrinsic mechanisms of immune exclusion have been identified in many cancers but less studied in AM. We characterized clinically annotated tumors from patients diagnosed with AM at our institution in correlation with ICI response using whole transcriptome RNAseq, whole exome sequencing, CD8 immunohistochemistry, and multispectral immunofluorescence imaging. A defined interferon-γ-associated T cell-inflamed gene signature was used to categorize tumors into non-T cell-inflamed and T cell-inflamed phenotypes. In combination with AM tumors from two published studies, we systematically assessed the immune landscape of AM and detected differential gene expression and pathway activation in a non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME). Two single-cell(sc) RNAseq AM cohorts and 11 bulk RNAseq cohorts of various tumor types were used for independent validation on pathways associated with lack of ICI response. In total, 892 specimens were included in this study. 72.5% of AM tumors showed low expression of the T cell-inflamed gene signature, with 23.9% of total tumors categorized as the non-T cell-inflamed phenotype. Patients of low CD3+CD8+PD1+ intratumoral T cell density showed poor prognosis. We identified 11 oncogenic pathways significantly upregulated in non-T cell-inflamed relative to T cell-inflamed TME shared across all three acral cohorts (MYC, HGF, MITF, VEGF, EGFR, SP1, ERBB2, TFEB, SREBF1, SOX2, and CCND1). scRNAseq analysis revealed that tumor cell-expressing pathway scores were significantly higher in low versus high T cell-infiltrated AM tumors. We further demonstrated that the 11 pathways were enriched in ICI non-responders compared with responders across cancers, including AM, cutaneous melanoma, triple-negative breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Pathway activation was associated with low expression of interferon stimulated genes, suggesting suppression of antigen presentation. Across the 11 pathways, fatty acid synthase and CXCL8 were unifying downstream target molecules suggesting potential nodes for therapeutic intervention. A unique set of pathways is associated with immune exclusion and ICI resistance in AM. These data may inform immunotherapy combinations for immediate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Augustin
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah Newman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aofei Li
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marion Joy
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maureen Lyons
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary P Pham
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Lucas
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katelyn Smith
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Isett
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diwakar Davar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yana G Najjar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason John Luke
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Riyue Bao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Shao Y, Lan Y, Chai X, Gao S, Zheng J, Huang R, Shi Y, Xiang Y, Guo H, Xi Y, Yang L, Yang T. CXCL8 induces M2 macrophage polarization and inhibits CD8 + T cell infiltration to generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23173. [PMID: 37665572 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201982rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms within tumor microenvironment (TME). Undoubtedly, the anti-tumor immune cells play an indispensable role in immune tolerance. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate novel immune-related factors that have the capacity to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Here, we employed bioinformatic analysis using R and Cytoscape to identify the hub gene chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), which is overexpressed in CRC, in the malignant progression of CRC. However, its specific role of CXCL8 in CRC immunity remains to be elucidated. For this purpose, we evaluated how tumor-derived CXCL8 promotes M2 macrophage infiltration by in vivo and in vitro, which can be triggered by IL-1β within TME. Mechanistically, CXCL8-induced polarization of M2 macrophages depends on the activation of the STAT3 signaling. Finally, immunohistochemistry and multiplexed immunohistochemistry analysis identified that CXCL8 not only enhances PD-L1+ M2 macrophage infiltration but also attenuates the recruitment of PD-1+ CD8+ T cells in murine CRC models. Together, these findings emphasize the critical role for CXCL8 in promoting M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting CD8+ T cell infiltration, thereby links CXCL8 to the emergency of immunosuppressive microenvironment facilitating tumor evasion. Overall, these findings may provide novel strategy for CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyue Chai
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuhua Gao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinxiu Zheng
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Orthpaedics, The Logistics Support Forces of Chinese PLA 985 Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Guo
- Department of Casualty Management, The Logistics Support Forces of Chinese PLA 985 Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanfeng Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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35
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Zhao N, Jiang A, Shang X, Zhao F, Wang R, Fu X, Ruan Z, Liang X, Tian T, Yao Y, Li C. Construction and Evaluation of Clinical Prediction Model for Immunotherapy-related Adverse Events and Clinical Benefit in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Based on Serum Cytokine Levels. J Immunother 2023; 46:310-322. [PMID: 37335173 PMCID: PMC10473032 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of cancer therapy. This study aimed to develop novel risk classifiers to predict the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and the probability of clinical benefits. Patients with cancer who received ICIs from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University from November 2020 to October 2022 were recruited and followed up. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictive factors for irAEs and clinical response. Two nomograms were developed to predict the irAEs and clinical responses of these individuals, with a receiver operating characteristic curve to assess their predictive ability. Decision curve analysis was performed to estimate the clinical utility of the nomogram. This study included 583 patients with cancer. Among them, 111 (19.0%) developed irAEs. Duration of treatment (DOT)>3 cycles, hepatic-metastases, IL2>2.225 pg/mL, and IL8>7.39 pg/mL were correlated with higher irAEs risk. A total of 347 patients were included in the final efficacy analysis, with an overall clinical benefit rate of 39.7%. DOT>3 cycles, nonhepatic-metastases, and irAEs and IL8>7.39 pg/mL were independent predictive factors of clinical benefit. Ultimately, 2 nomograms were successfully established to predict the probability of irAEs and their clinical benefits. Ultimately, 2 nomograms were successfully established to predict the probability of irAEs and clinical benefits. The receiver operating characteristic curves yielded acceptable nomogram performance. Calibration curves and decision curve analysis supported the hypothesis that nomograms could provide more significant net clinical benefits to these patients. Specific baseline plasma cytokines were closely correlated with irAEs and clinical responses in these individuals.
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Liu S, Wu W, Du Y, Yin H, Chen Q, Yu W, Wang W, Yu J, Liu L, Lou W, Pu N. The evolution and heterogeneity of neutrophils in cancers: origins, subsets, functions, orchestrations and clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:148. [PMID: 37679744 PMCID: PMC10483725 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most prevalent innate immune cells in humans, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their involvement in cancer progression. This comprehensive review aimed to elucidate the important roles and underlying mechanisms of neutrophils in cancer from the perspective of their whole life cycle, tracking them from development in the bone marrow to circulation and finally to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Based on an understanding of their heterogeneity, we described the relationship between abnormal neutrophils and clinical manifestations in cancer. Specifically, we explored the function, origin, and polarization of neutrophils within the TME. Furthermore, we also undertook an extensive analysis of the intricate relationship between neutrophils and clinical management, including neutrophil-based clinical treatment strategies. In conclusion, we firmly assert that directing future research endeavors towards comprehending the remarkable heterogeneity exhibited by neutrophils is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yueshan Du
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiangda Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weisheng Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ning Pu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Arebro J, Towle R, Lee CM, Bennewith KL, Garnis C. Extracellular vesicles promote activation of pro-inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts in oral cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240159. [PMID: 37745296 PMCID: PMC10513103 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of head and neck cancer and has a survival rate of ∼50% over 5 years. New treatment strategies are sorely needed to improve survival rates-and a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis is needed to develop these strategies. The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has increasingly been identified as crucial in tumor progression and metastasis. One of the main constituents of the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a key role in influencing the biological behavior of tumors. Multiple mechanisms contribute to CAF activation, such as TGFβ signaling, but the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in CAF activation in OSCC is poorly understood. Assessing the impact of oral cancer-derived EVs on CAF activation will help to better illuminate OSCC pathophysiology and may drive development of novel treatments options. Methods: EVs were isolated from OSCC cell lines (Cal 27, SCC-9, SCC-25) using differential centrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used for EV characterization, and Western blot to confirm the presence of EV protein markers. Oral fibroblasts were co-cultured with enriched EVs, TGFβ, or PBS over 72 h to assess activation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CAF markers. RNA collected from fibroblasts was extracted and the transcriptome was sequenced. Conditioned media from the co-cultures was evaluated with cytokine array profiling. Results: OSCC-derived EVs can activate oral fibroblasts into CAFs that are different from those activated by TGFβ, suggesting different mechanisms of activation and different functional properties. Gene set enrichment analysis showed several upregulated inflammatory pathways in those CAFs exposed to OSCC-derived EVs. Marker genes for inflammatory CAF subtypes were also upregulated, but not in CAFs activated by TGFβ. Finally, cytokine array analysis on secreted proteins revealed elevated levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines from EV-activated CAFs, for instance IL-8 and CXCL5. Discussion: Our results reveal the ability of OSCC-derived EVs to activate fibroblasts into CAFs. These CAFs seem to have unique properties, differing from TGFβ-activated CAFs. Gaining an understanding of the interplay between EVs and stromal cells such as CAFs could lead to further insights into OSCC tumorigenesis and potential novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Arebro
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Towle
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Che-Min Lee
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Augustin RC, Newman S, Li A, Joy M, Lyons M, Pham M, Lucas PC, Smith K, Sander C, Isett B, Davar D, Najjar YG, Zarour HM, Kirkwood JM, Luke JJ, Bao R. Identification of tumor-intrinsic drivers of immune exclusion in acral melanoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554717. [PMID: 37662409 PMCID: PMC10473736 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Acral melanoma (AM) has distinct characteristics as compared to cutaneous melanoma and exhibits poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Tumor-intrinsic mechanisms of immune exclusion have been identified in many cancers but less studied in AM. Methods We characterized clinically annotated tumors from patients diagnosed with AM at our institution in correlation with ICI response using whole transcriptome RNAseq, whole exome sequencing, CD8 immunohistochemistry, and multispectral immunofluorescence imaging. A defined interferon-γ-associated T cell-inflamed gene signature was used to categorize tumors into non-T cell-inflamed and T cell-inflamed phenotypes. In combination with AM tumors from two published studies, we systematically assessed the immune landscape of AM and detected differential gene expression and pathway activation in a non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME). Two single-cell(sc) RNAseq AM cohorts and 11 bulk RNAseq cohorts of various tumor types were used for independent validation on pathways associated with lack of ICI response. In total, 892 specimens were included in this study. Results 72.5% of AM tumors showed low expression of the T cell-inflamed gene signature, with 23.9% of total tumors categorized as the non-T cell-inflamed phenotype. Patients of low CD3 + CD8 + PD1 + intratumoral T cell density showed poor prognosis. We identified 11 oncogenic pathways significantly upregulated in non-T cell-inflamed relative to T cell-inflamed TME shared across all three acral cohorts (MYC, HGF, MITF, VEGF, EGFR, SP1, ERBB2, TFEB, SREBF1, SOX2, and CCND1). scRNAseq analysis revealed that tumor cell-expressing pathway scores were significantly higher in low vs high T cell-infiltrated AM tumors. We further demonstrated that the 11 pathways were enriched in ICI non-responders compared to responders across cancers, including acral melanoma, cutaneous melanoma, triple-negative breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Pathway activation was associated with low expression of interferon stimulated genes, suggesting suppression of antigen presentation. Across the 11 pathways, fatty acid synthase and CXCL8 were unifying downstream target molecules suggesting potential nodes for therapeutic intervention. Conclusions A unique set of pathways is associated with immune exclusion and ICI resistance in AM. These data may inform immunotherapy combinations for immediate clinical translation.
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Wang X, Huang H, Zhang L, Wu Y, Wen Y, Weng X, Chen Q, Liu W. Elevated levels of neutrophil related chemokine citrullinated histone H3, interleukin-8 and C-reaction protein in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: predictive biomarkers for response to treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:167. [PMID: 37580733 PMCID: PMC10426204 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been used in various tumors. The biomarkers predictive of a response to ICI treatment remain unclear, and additional and combined biomarkers are urgently needed. Secreted factors related to the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been evaluated to identify novel noninvasive predictive biomarkers. METHODS We analyzed 85 patients undergoing ICI therapy as the primary cohort. The associations between ICI response and all biomarkers were evaluated. A prediction model and a nomogram were developed and validated based on the above factors. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients were enrolled in the validation cohort. In the primary cohort, the baseline serum levels of H3Cit, IL-8 and CRP were significantly higher in nonresponder patients. A model based on these three factors was developed, and the "risk score" of an ICI response was calculated with the formula: "risk score" = 3.4591×H3Cit + 2.5808×IL8 + 2.0045 ×CRP- 11.3844. The cutoff point of the "risk score" was 0.528, and patients with a "risk score" lower than 0.528 were more likely to benefit from ICI treatment (AUC: 0.937, 95% CI: 0.886-0.988, with sensitivity 80.60%, specificity 91.40%). The AUC was 0.719 (95% CI: 0.600-0.837, P = 0.001), with a sensitivity of 70.00% and specificity of 65.20% in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS A model incorporating H3Cit, IL-8 and CRP has an excellent prediction ability for ICI response; thus, patients with a lower "risk score" selectively benefit from ICI treatment, which may have significant clinical implications for the early detection of an ICI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yaxian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingsheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xuezi Weng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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McDowell SA, Milette S, Doré S, Yu MW, Sorin M, Wilson L, Desharnais L, Cristea A, Varol O, Atallah A, Swaby A, Breton V, Arabzadeh A, Petrecca S, Loucif H, Bhagrath A, De Meo M, Lach KD, Issac MS, Fiset B, Rayes RF, Mandl JN, Fritz JH, Fiset PO, Holt PR, Dannenberg AJ, Spicer JD, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Obesity alters monocyte developmental trajectories to enhance metastasis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220509. [PMID: 37166450 PMCID: PMC10182775 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation and enhances cancer metastasis and mortality. Obesity promotes breast cancer metastasis to lung in a neutrophil-dependent manner; however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Here, we show that obesity-induced monocytes underlie neutrophil activation and breast cancer lung metastasis. Using mass cytometry, obesity favors the expansion of myeloid lineages while restricting lymphoid cells within the peripheral blood. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that obesity-associated monocytes resemble professional antigen-presenting cells due to a shift in their development and exhibit enhanced MHCII expression and CXCL2 production. Monocyte induction of the CXCL2-CXCR2 axis underlies neutrophil activation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps to promote metastasis, and enhancement of this signaling axis is observed in lung metastases from obese cancer patients. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the relationship between obesity and cancer by broadening our understanding of the interactive role that myeloid cells play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A.C. McDowell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Milette
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samuel Doré
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Miranda W. Yu
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liam Wilson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lysanne Desharnais
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alyssa Cristea
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ozgun Varol
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Aline Atallah
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anikka Swaby
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Breton
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Petrecca
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hamza Loucif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Aanya Bhagrath
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Meghan De Meo
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katherine D. Lach
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marianne S.M. Issac
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benoit Fiset
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roni F. Rayes
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judith N. Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre O. Fiset
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter R. Holt
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New Nork, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J. Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine (retired), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniela F. Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Martin SD, Bhuiyan I, Soleimani M, Wang G. Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4987. [PMID: 37568390 PMCID: PMC10419620 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized renal cell carcinoma treatment. Patients previously thought to be palliative now occasionally achieve complete cures from ICI. However, since immunotherapies stimulate the immune system to induce anti-tumor immunity, they often lead to adverse autoimmunity. Furthermore, some patients receive no benefit from ICI, thereby unnecessarily risking adverse events. In many tumor types, PD-L1 expression levels, immune infiltration, and tumor mutation burden predict the response to ICI and help inform clinical decision making to better target ICI to patients most likely to experience benefits. Unfortunately, renal cell carcinoma is an outlier, as these biomarkers fail to discriminate between positive and negative responses to ICI therapy. Emerging biomarkers such as gene expression profiles and the loss of pro-angiogenic proteins VHL and PBRM-1 show promise for identifying renal cell carcinoma cases likely to respond to ICI. This review provides an overview of the mechanistic underpinnings of different biomarkers and describes the theoretical rationale for their use. We discuss the effectiveness of each biomarker in renal cell carcinoma and other cancer types, and we introduce novel biomarkers that have demonstrated some promise in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer D. Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Ishmam Bhuiyan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
- British Columbia Cancer Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
- British Columbia Cancer Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
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Lurje I, Gaisa NT, Dahl E, Knüchel R, Strnad P, Trautwein C, Tacke F, Neumann UP, Czigany Z, Lurje G. Genetic polymorphisms in interleukin-1β (rs1143634) and interleukin-8 (rs4073) are associated with survival after resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12283. [PMID: 37507547 PMCID: PMC10382511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a rare, understudied primary hepatic malignancy with dismal outcomes. Aiming to identify prognostically relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we analyzed 11 genetic variants with a role in tumor-promoting inflammation (VEGF, EGF, EGFR, IL-1B, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), IL-10, CXCR1, HIF1A and PTGS2 (COX-2) genes) and their association with disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for iCCA. Genomic DNA was isolated from 112 patients (64 female, 48 male) with iCCA. Germline polymorphisms were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism protocols. The IL-1B +3954 C/C (73/112, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.735, p = 0.012) and the IL-8 -251 T/A or A/A (53/112 and 16/112, HR = 2.001 and 1.1777, p = 0.026) genotypes were associated with shorter OS in univariable and multivariable analysis. The IL-1B +3954 polymorphism was also associated with shorter DFS (HR = 1.983, p = 0.012), but this effect was not sustained in the multivariable model. A genetic risk model of 0, 1 and 2 unfavorable alleles was established and confirmed in multivariable analysis. This study supports the prognostic role of the IL-1B C+3954T and the IL-8 T-251A variant as outcome markers in iCCA patients, identifying patient subgroups at higher risk for dismal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Lurje
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhou Y, Qi J, Liu H, Liang S, Guo T, Chen J, Pan W, Tan H, Wang J, Xu H, Chen Z. Increased intraocular inflammation in retinal vein occlusion is independent of circulating immune mediators and is involved in retinal oedema. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1186025. [PMID: 37554292 PMCID: PMC10405077 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1186025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to understand the link between systemic and intraocular levels of inflammatory mediators in treatment-naïve retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients, and the relationship between inflammatory mediators and retinal pathologies. Twenty inflammatory mediators were measured in this study, including IL-17E, Flt-3 L, IL-3, IL-8, IL-33, MIP-3β, MIP-1α, GRO β, PD-L1, CD40L, IFN-β, G-CSF, Granzyme B, TRAIL, EGF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, TGF-α, VEGF, and FGFβ. RVO patients had significantly higher levels of Flt-3 L, IL-8, MIP-3β, GROβ, and VEGF, but lower levels of EGF in the aqueous humor than cataract controls. The levels of Flt-3 L, IL-3, IL-33, MIP-1α, PD-L1, CD40 L, G-CSF, TRAIL, PDGF-AB/BB, TGF-α, and VEGF were significantly higher in CRVO than in BRVO. KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that these mediators affected the PI3K-Akt, Ras, MAPK, and Jak/STAT signaling pathways. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis showed that VEGF is the upstream cytokine that influences IL-8, G-CSF, and IL-33 in RVO. In the plasma, the level of GROβ was lower in RVO than in controls and no alterations were observed in other mediators. Retinal thickness [including central retinal thickness (CRT) and inner limiting membrane to inner plexiform layer (ILM-IPL)] positively correlated with the intraocular levels of Flt-3 L, IL-33, GROβ, PD-L1, G-CSF, and TGF-α. The size of the foveal avascular zone positively correlated with systemic factors, including the plasma levels of IL-17E, IL-33, INF-β, GROβ, Granzyme B, and FGFβ and circulating high/low-density lipids and total cholesterols. Our results suggest that intraocular inflammation in RVO is driven primarily by local factors but not circulating immune mediators. Intraocular inflammation may promote macular oedema through the PI3K-Akt, Ras, MAPK, and Jak/STAT signaling pathways in RVO. Systemic factors, including cytokines and lipid levels may be involved in retinal microvascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhou
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyan Qi
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, China
| | - Hengwei Liu
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, China
| | | | - Jie Wang
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Heping Xu
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, China
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, China
- School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Gibellini L, Borella R, Santacroce E, Serattini E, Boraldi F, Quaglino D, Aramini B, De Biasi S, Cossarizza A. Circulating and Tumor-Associated Neutrophils in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Dynamics, Phenotypes, Metabolism, and Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3327. [PMID: 37444436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant myeloid cells in the blood and are a considerable immunological component of the tumor microenvironment. However, their functional importance has often been ignored, as they have always been considered a mono-dimensional population of terminally differentiated, short-living cells. During the last decade, the use of cutting-edge, single-cell technologies has revolutionized the classical view of these cells, unmasking their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize the emerging concepts in the field of neutrophils in cancer, by reviewing the recent literature on the heterogeneity of both circulating neutrophils and tumor-associated neutrophils, as well as their possible significance in tumor prognosis and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Santacroce
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenia Serattini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University Hospital GB Morgagni-L Pierantoni, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
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Zhang Z, Niu R, Zhao L, Wang Y, Liu G. Mechanisms of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Regulation in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10265. [PMID: 37373412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most important components of the innate immune system, neutrophils are always at the forefront of the response to diseases. The immune functions of neutrophils include phagocytosis, degranulation, production of reactive oxygen species, and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are composed of deconcentrated chromatin DNA, histones, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE), playing an important role in the resistance to some pathogenic microbial invasions. Until recent years, when NETs were found to play a critical role in cancer. NETs play bidirectional regulation both positive and negative roles in the development and progression of cancer. Targeted NETs may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. However, the molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation and role of NET in cancer remain unclear. This review just summarizes the recent progress in regulatory mechanisms about the formation of NETs and their role in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruiying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Longhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Cardot-Ruffino V, Bollenrucher N, Delius L, Wang SJ, Brais LK, Remland J, Keheler CE, Sullivan KM, Abrams TA, Biller LH, Enzinger PC, McCleary NJ, Patel AK, Rubinson DA, Schlechter B, Slater S, Yurgelun MB, Cleary JM, Perez K, Dougan M, Ng K, Wolpin BM, Singh H, Dougan SK. G-CSF rescue of FOLFIRINOX-induced neutropenia leads to systemic immune suppression in mice and humans. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006589. [PMID: 37344102 PMCID: PMC10314699 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is routinely administered for prophylaxis or treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Chronic myelopoiesis and granulopoiesis in patients with cancer has been shown to induce immature monocytes and neutrophils that contribute to both systemic and local immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. The effect of recombinant G-CSF (pegfilgrastim or filgrastim) on the production of myeloid-derived suppressive cells is unknown. Here we examined patients with pancreatic cancer, a disease known to induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and for which pegfilgrastim is routinely administered concurrently with FOLFIRINOX but not with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy regimens. METHODS Serial blood was collected from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma newly starting on FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/n(ab)paclitaxel combination chemotherapy regimens. Neutrophil and monocyte frequencies were determined by flow cytometry from whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell fractions. Serum cytokines were evaluated pretreatment and on-treatment. Patient serum was used in vitro to differentiate healthy donor monocytes to MDSCs as measured by downregulation of major histocompatibility complex II (HLA-DR) and the ability to suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro. C57BL/6 female mice with pancreatic tumors were treated with FOLFIRINOX with or without recombinant G-CSF to directly assess the role of G-CSF on induction of immunosuppressive neutrophils. RESULTS Patients receiving FOLFIRINOX with pegfilgrastim had increased serum G-CSF that correlated with an induction of granulocytic MDSCs. This increase was not observed in patients receiving gemcitabine/n(ab)paclitaxel without pegfilgrastim. Interleukin-18 also significantly increased in serum on FOLFIRINOX treatment. Patient serum could induce MDSCs as determined by in vitro functional assays, and this suppressive effect increased with on-treatment serum. Induction of MDSCs in vitro could be recapitulated by addition of recombinant G-CSF to healthy serum, indicating that G-CSF is sufficient for MDSC differentiation. In mice, neutrophils isolated from spleen of G-CSF-treated mice were significantly more capable of suppressing T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Pegfilgrastim use contributes to immune suppression in both humans and mice with pancreatic cancer. These results suggest that use of recombinant G-CSF as supportive care, while critically important for mitigating neutropenia, may complicate efforts to induce antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naima Bollenrucher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luisa Delius
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Jennifer Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren K Brais
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua Remland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Elizabeth Keheler
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keri M Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas A Abrams
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leah H Biller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter C Enzinger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nadine J McCleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anuj K Patel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas A Rubinson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Schlechter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Slater
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James M Cleary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly Perez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Dougan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harshabad Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Michielon E, López González M, Stolk DA, Stolwijk JGC, Roffel S, Waaijman T, Lougheed SM, de Gruijl TD, Gibbs S. A Reconstructed Human Melanoma-in-Skin Model to Study Immune Modulatory and Angiogenic Mechanisms Facilitating Initial Melanoma Growth and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2849. [PMID: 37345186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion, immune modulation, and angiogenesis are crucial in melanoma progression. Studies based on animals or two-dimensional cultures poorly recapitulate the tumor-microenvironmental cross-talk found in humans. This highlights a need for more physiological human models to better study melanoma features. Here, six melanoma cell lines (A375, COLO829, G361, MeWo, RPMI-7951, and SK-MEL-28) were used to generate an in vitro three-dimensional human melanoma-in-skin (Mel-RhS) model and were compared in terms of dermal invasion and immune modulatory and pro-angiogenic capabilities. A375 displayed the most invasive phenotype by clearly expanding into the dermal compartment, whereas COLO829, G361, MeWo, and SK-MEL-28 recapitulated to different extent the initial stages of melanoma invasion. No nest formation was observed for RPMI-7951. Notably, the integration of A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells into the model resulted in an increased secretion of immune modulatory factors (e.g., M-CSF, IL-10, and TGFβ) and pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., Flt-1 and VEGF). Mel-RhS-derived supernatants induced endothelial cell sprouting in vitro. In addition, observed A375-RhS tissue contraction was correlated to increased TGFβ release and α-SMA expression, all indicative of differentiation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblast-like cells and reminiscent of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, consistent with A375's most prominent invasive behavior. In conclusion, we successfully generated several Mel-RhS models mimicking different stages of melanoma progression, which can be further tailored for future studies to investigate individual aspects of the disease and serve as three-dimensional models to assess efficacy of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Michielon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta López González
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorian A Stolk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joeke G C Stolwijk
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Roffel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco Waaijman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinéad M Lougheed
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Korpics MC, Onderdonk BE, Dadey RE, Hara JH, Karapetyan L, Zha Y, Karrison TG, Olson AC, Fleming GF, Weichselbaum RR, Bao R, Chmura SJ, Luke JJ. Partial tumor irradiation plus pembrolizumab in treating large advanced solid tumor metastases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:162260. [PMID: 37183819 PMCID: PMC10178837 DOI: 10.1172/jci162260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe previously demonstrated the safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by pembrolizumab (SBRT+P) in patients with advanced solid tumors. This phase I clinical trial was expanded to study the safety of partial tumor irradiation (partial-Rx). We assessed irradiated local failure (LF) and clinical outcomes with correlations to biomarkers including CD8+ T cell radiomics score (RS) and circulating cytokines.METHODSPatients received SBRT to 2-4 metastases and pembrolizumab for up to 7 days after SBRT. Tumors measuring up to 65 cc received the full radiation dose (complete-Rx), whereas tumors measuring more than 65 cc received partial-Rx. Landmark analysis was used to assess the relationship between tumor response and overall survival (OS). Multivariable analysis was performed for RS and circulating cytokines.RESULTSIn the combined (expansion plus original) cohort, 97 patients (219 metastases) were analyzed and received SBRT+P. Forty-six (47%) patients received at least 1 partial-Rx treatment. There were 7 (7.2%)dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). 1-year LF was 7.6% overall, and 13.3% and 5.4% for partial-Rx and complete-Rx tumors, respectively (HR 2.32, 95% CI 0.90-5.97, P = 0.08). The overall, unirradiated, and irradiated objective response rates were 22%, 12%, and 34%, respectively. Irradiated tumor response to SBRT+P was associated with prolonged OS; 1-year OS was 71% (responders), 42% (mixed-responders), and 0% (nonresponders) (P < 0.01). High-RS was significantly associated with improved LF, progression-free survival (PFS), and OS. Elevated circulating IL-8 was independently associated with inferior PFS and OS.CONCLUSIONSBRT+P is safe in patients with large, advanced solid tumors. Additional studies are warranted to assess noninferiority of complete versus partial irradiation of tumors in the setting of immunotherapy.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicaltrials.gov NCT02608385FUNDINGMerck Investigator Studies Program; Hillman Fellows for Innovative Cancer Research Program; NIH grants UM1CA186690-06, P50CA254865-01A1, P30CA047904-32, and R01DE031729-01A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Korpics
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin E Onderdonk
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rebekah E Dadey
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared H Hara
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lilit Karapetyan
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zha
- Human Immunological Monitoring Core, Biological Sciences Division
| | | | - Adam C Olson
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gini F Fleming
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, and
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Riyue Bao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven J Chmura
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason J Luke
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Liu J, Piranlioglu R, Ye F, Shu K, Lei T, Nakashima H. Immunosuppressive cells in oncolytic virotherapy for glioma: challenges and solutions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141034. [PMID: 37234776 PMCID: PMC10206241 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer characterized by the abundance of myeloid lineage cells in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), play a pivotal role in promoting immune suppression and tumor progression. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are self-amplifying cytotoxic agents that can stimulate local anti-tumor immune responses and have the potential to suppress immunosuppressive myeloid cells and recruit tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) to the tumor site, leading to an adaptive immune response against tumors. However, the impact of OV therapy on the tumor-resident myeloid population and the subsequent immune responses are not yet fully understood. This review provides an overview of how TAM and MDSC respond to different types of OVs, and combination therapeutics that target the myeloid population to promote anti-tumor immune responses in the glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Raziye Piranlioglu
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Liu H, Zhao Q, Tan L, Wu X, Huang R, Zuo Y, Chen L, Yang J, Zhang ZX, Ruan W, Wu J, He F, Fang Y, Mao F, Zhang P, Zhang X, Yin P, Yan Z, Xu W, Lu H, Li Q, Liang M, Jia Y, Chen C, Xu S, Shi Y, Ping YF, Duan GJ, Yao XH, Han Z, Pang T, Cui Y, Zhang X, Zhu B, Qi C, Wang Y, Lv SQ, Bian XW, Liu X. Neutralizing IL-8 potentiates immune checkpoint blockade efficacy for glioma. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:693-710.e8. [PMID: 36963400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are largely refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. To explore the underlying immune regulators, we examine the microenvironment in glioma and find that tumor-infiltrating T cells are mainly confined to the perivascular cuffs and express high levels of CCR5, CXCR3, and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Combined analysis of T cell clustering with T cell receptor (TCR) clone expansion shows that potential tumor-killing T cells are mainly categorized into pre-exhausted/exhausted and effector CD8+ T subsets, as well as cytotoxic CD4+ T subsets. Notably, a distinct subpopulation of CD4+ T cells exhibits innate-like features with preferential interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression. With IL-8-humanized mouse strain, we demonstrate that IL-8-producing CD4+ T, myeloid, and tumor cells orchestrate myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration and angiogenesis, which results in enhanced tumor growth but reduced ICB efficacy. Antibody-mediated IL-8 blockade or the inhibition of its receptor, CXCR1/2, unleashes anti-PD-1-mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings thus highlight IL-8 as a combinational immunotherapy target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, P.R. China
| | - Qiwen Zhao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Leyong Tan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin Zuo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Longjuan Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jigui Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zuo-Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Wenchen Ruan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fei He
- Genergy Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Yiliang Fang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Mao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Peidi Yin
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zexuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Qingrui Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 401338, P.R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Senlin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Jie Duan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Han
- The Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Department of Tumor Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, P.R. China
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Youhong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China.
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China.
| | - Xindong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, P.R. China.
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