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Wang Y, Jia J, Wang F, Fang Y, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Yuan W, Gu X, Hu J, Yang S. Pre-metastatic niche: formation, characteristics and therapeutic implication. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:236. [PMID: 39317708 PMCID: PMC11422510 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is a primary cause of mortality and contributes to poor surgical outcomes in cancer patients. Before the development of organ-specific metastasis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche is pivotal in promoting the spread of cancer cells. This review delves into the intricate landscape of the pre-metastatic niche, focusing on the roles of tumor-derived secreted factors, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells in shaping the metastatic niche. The discussion encompasses cellular elements such as macrophages, neutrophils, bone marrow-derived suppressive cells, and T/B cells, in addition to molecular factors like secreted substances from tumors and extracellular vesicles, within the framework of pre-metastatic niche formation. Insights into the temporal mechanisms of pre-metastatic niche formation such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression, extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, vascular permeability and angiogenesis are provided. Furthermore, the landscape of pre-metastatic niche in different metastatic organs like lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, and bones is elucidated. Therapeutic approaches targeting the cellular and molecular components of pre-metastatic niche, as well as interventions targeting signaling pathways such as the TGF-β, VEGF, and MET pathways, are highlighted. This review aims to enhance our understanding of pre-metastatic niche dynamics and provide insights for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiachi Jia
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fuqi Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yingshuai Fang
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yabing Yang
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Junhong Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Shuaixi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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2
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Fujimoto H, Yoshihara M, Rodgers R, Iyoshi S, Mogi K, Miyamoto E, Hayakawa S, Hayashi M, Nomura S, Kitami K, Uno K, Sugiyama M, Koya Y, Yamakita Y, Nawa A, Enomoto A, Ricciardelli C, Kajiyama H. Tumor-associated fibrosis: a unique mechanism promoting ovarian cancer metastasis and peritoneal dissemination. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:1037-1053. [PMID: 38546906 PMCID: PMC11300578 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is often diagnosed in advanced stage with peritoneal dissemination. Recent studies indicate that aberrant accumulation of collagen fibers in tumor stroma has a variety of effects on tumor progression. We refer to remodeled fibrous stroma with altered expression of collagen molecules, increased stiffness, and highly oriented collagen fibers as tumor-associated fibrosis (TAF). TAF contributes to EOC cell invasion and metastasis in the intraperitoneal cavity. However, an understanding of molecular events involved is only just beginning to emerge. Further development in this field will lead to new strategies to treat EOC. In this review, we focus on the recent findings on how the TAF contributes to EOC malignancy. Furthermore, we will review the recent initiatives and future therapeutic strategies for targeting TAF in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Raymond Rodgers
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shohei Iyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kazumasa Mogi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emiri Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sae Hayakawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maia Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kitami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Graduate School of Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Bell Research Center-Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center-Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yamakita
- Bell Research Center-Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nawa
- Bell Research Center-Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Bayat M, Sadri Nahand J. Exosomal miRNAs: the tumor's trojan horse in selective metastasis. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:167. [PMID: 39164756 PMCID: PMC11334467 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumor cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumor before metastatic spread has even occurred. Tumors orchestrate a pre-metastatic program by conditioning distant organs to create microenvironments that foster the survival and proliferation of tumor cells before their arrival, thereby establishing pre-metastatic niches. Primary tumor-derived exosomes modulate these pre-metastatic niches, generating a permissive environment that facilitates the homing and expansion of tumor cells. Moreover, microRNAs have emerged as a key component of exosomal cargo, serving not only to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches but also to prime these sites for the arrival and colonization of specific secondary tumor populations. Against this backdrop, this review endeavors to elucidate the impact of tumor-derived exosomal microRNAs on the genesis of their individualized pre-metastatic niches, with a view towards identifying novel means of specifying cancer metastasis and exploiting this phenomenon for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 15731, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 15731, Iran.
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4
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Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Vento F, Di Liegro I. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression of Brain Tumors. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:586. [PMID: 39194524 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Brain tumors, and, in particular, glioblastoma (GBM), are among the most aggressive forms of cancer. In spite of the advancement in the available therapies, both diagnosis and treatments are still unable to ensure pathology-free survival of the GBM patients for more than 12-15 months. At the basis of the still poor ability to cope with brain tumors, we can consider: (i) intra-tumor heterogeneity; (ii) heterogeneity of the tumor properties when we compare different patients; (iii) the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which makes difficult both isolation of tumor-specific biomarkers and delivering of therapeutic drugs to the brain. Recently, it is becoming increasingly clear that cancer cells release large amounts of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transport metabolites, proteins, different classes of RNAs, DNA, and lipids. These structures are involved in the pathological process and characterize any particular form of cancer. Moreover, EVs are able to cross the BBB in both directions. Starting from these observations, researchers are now evaluating the possibility to use EVs purified from organic fluids (first of all, blood and saliva), in order to obtain, through non-invasive methods (liquid biopsy), tumor biomarkers, and, perhaps, also for obtaining nanocarriers for the targeted delivering of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Vento
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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5
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Leong SP, Witte MH. Cancer metastasis through the lymphatic versus blood vessels. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:387-402. [PMID: 38940900 PMCID: PMC11374872 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Whether cancer cells metastasize from the primary site to the distant sites via the lymphatic vessels or the blood vessels directly into the circulation is still under intense study. In this review article, we follow the journey of cancer cells metastasizing to the sentinel lymph nodes and beyond to the distant sites. We emphasize cancer heterogeneity and microenvironment as major determinants of cancer metastasis. Multiple molecules have been found to be associated with the complicated process of metastasis. Based on the large sentinel lymph node data, it is reasonable to conclude that cancer cells may metastasize through the blood vessels in some cases but in most cases, they use the sentinel lymph nodes as the major gateway to enter the circulation to distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley P Leong
- California Pacific Medical Center and Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Marlys H Witte
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
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6
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Carrolo M, Miranda JAI, Vilhais G, Quintela A, Sousa MFE, Costa DA, Pinto FR. Metastatic organotropism: a brief overview. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1358786. [PMID: 38725618 PMCID: PMC11079203 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1358786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organotropism has been known since 1889, yet this vital component of metastasis has predominantly stayed elusive. This mini-review gives an overview of the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of organotropism and metastases development by focusing on the formation of the pre-metastatic niche, immune defenses against metastases, and genomic alterations associated with organotropism. The particular case of brain metastases is also addressed, as well as the impact of organotropism in cancer therapy. The limited comprehension of the factors behind organotropism underscores the necessity for efficient strategies and treatments to manage metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João A. I. Miranda
- BioISI – Institute for Biosystems and Integrative Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - António Quintela
- Hematology and Oncology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Diogo Alpuim Costa
- Hematology and Oncology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Cascais, Cascais, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco R. Pinto
- BioISI – Institute for Biosystems and Integrative Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Tyagi A. Editorial: Cellular and molecular characteristics of the pre-metastatic niche. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1298958. [PMID: 37941563 PMCID: PMC10628720 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1298958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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8
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Liu H, Zhang G, Gao R. Cellular and molecular characteristics of the premetastatic niches. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:399-408. [PMID: 37902101 PMCID: PMC10614130 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The premetastatic niches (PMN) formed by primary tumor-derived molecules regulate distant organs and tissues to further favor tumor colonization. Targeted PMN therapy may prevent tumor metastasis in the early stages, which is becoming increasingly important. At present, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular characteristics of the PMN. Here, we summarize current research advances on the cellular and molecular characteristics of the PMN. We emphasize that PMN intervention is a potential therapeutic strategy for early prevention of tumor metastasis, which provides a promising basis for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, The Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, The Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Ran Gao
- National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, The Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijingChina
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9
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He K, Wang Z, Luo M, Li B, Ding N, Li L, He B, Wang H, Cao J, Huang C, Yang J, Chen HN. Metastasis organotropism in colorectal cancer: advancing toward innovative therapies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:612. [PMID: 37689664 PMCID: PMC10493031 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains a leading cause of mortality among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Organotropism, referring to the propensity of metastasis to target specific organs, is a well-documented phenomenon in CRC, with the liver, lungs, and peritoneum being preferred sites. Prior to establishing premetastatic niches within host organs, CRC cells secrete substances that promote metastatic organotropism. Given the pivotal role of organotropism in CRC metastasis, a comprehensive understanding of its molecular underpinnings is crucial for biomarker-based diagnosis, innovative treatment development, and ultimately, improved patient outcomes. In this review, we focus on metabolic reprogramming, tumor-derived exosomes, the immune system, and cancer cell-organ interactions to outline the molecular mechanisms of CRC organotropic metastasis. Furthermore, we consider the prospect of targeting metastatic organotropism for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Gautam SK, Batra SK, Jain M. Molecular and metabolic regulation of immunosuppression in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:118. [PMID: 37488598 PMCID: PMC10367391 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), contributing to early metastasis and poor patient survival. Compared to the localized tumors, current standard-of-care therapies have failed to improve the survival of patients with metastatic PDAC, that necessecitates exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. While immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and therapeutic vaccines have emerged as promising treatment modalities in certain cancers, limited responses have been achieved in PDAC. Therefore, specific mechanisms regulating the poor response to immunotherapy must be explored. The immunosuppressive microenvironment driven by oncogenic mutations, tumor secretome, non-coding RNAs, and tumor microbiome persists throughout PDAC progression, allowing neoplastic cells to grow locally and metastasize distantly. The metastatic cells escaping the host immune surveillance are unique in molecular, immunological, and metabolic characteristics. Following chemokine and exosomal guidance, these cells metastasize to the organ-specific pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) constituted by local resident cells, stromal fibroblasts, and suppressive immune cells, such as the metastasis-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The metastatic immune microenvironment differs from primary tumors in stromal and immune cell composition, functionality, and metabolism. Thus far, multiple molecular and metabolic pathways, distinct from primary tumors, have been identified that dampen immune effector functions, confounding the immunotherapy response in metastatic PDAC. This review describes major immunoregulatory pathways that contribute to the metastatic progression and limit immunotherapy outcomes in PDAC. Overall, we highlight the therapeutic vulnerabilities attributable to immunosuppressive factors and discuss whether targeting these molecular and immunological "hot spots" could improve the outcomes of PDAC immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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11
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Patel U, Susman D, Allan AL. Influence of Extracellular Vesicles on Lung Stromal Cells during Breast Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11801. [PMID: 37511559 PMCID: PMC10380344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prominent cause of cancer diagnosis and death in women globally, with over 90% of deaths being attributed to complications that arise from metastasis. One of the common locations for breast cancer metastasis is the lung, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Curative treatments for metastatic breast cancer patients are not available and the molecular mechanisms that underlie lung metastasis are not fully understood. In order to better treat these patients, identifying events that occur both prior to and during metastatic spread to the lung is essential. Several studies have demonstrated that breast cancer-derived extracellular vesicles secreted from the primary breast tumor play a key role in establishing the lung pre-metastatic niche to support colonization of metastatic tumor cells. In this review, we summarize recent work supporting the influence of extracellular vesicles on stromal components of the lung to construct the pre-metastatic niche and support metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential clinical applications of utilizing extracellular vesicles for diagnosis and treatment. Together, this review highlights the dynamic nature of extracellular vesicles, their roles in breast cancer metastasis to the lung, and their value as potential biomarkers and therapeutics for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - David Susman
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Alison L Allan
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology and Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
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12
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Geetha R, Janardhanan M, Thankappan KK, Iyer S. Premetastatic Niche: A Novel Area for Research in Metastasis with a Potential as Therapeutic Targeting in Oral Cancer. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S36-S39. [PMID: 37654347 PMCID: PMC10466595 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_49_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Premetastatic niche (PMN) concept, introduced by David Lyden and colleagues, is an area that can support cancer cells to nurture in it, but the area itself being bereft of cancerous cells. It provides a microenvironment that is congenial for tumor invasion, endurance, and or proliferation of malignant cells to develop into metastasis. These are noncancerous variations in a tumor-free organ and are the most primitive indications of metastasis. These may have a potential to serve as a diagnostic aid, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic target. Nevertheless, there is still no clear elucidation on diverse trails of tumor metastasis via lymphatic or hematogenous route, especially in relationship with the PMN. In this review, contemporary knowledge associated with nodal premetastatic niche formation with forthcoming directions on translational and clinical research is deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Geetha
- Head and Neck Oncology Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham-Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Mahija Janardhanan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham-Amrita School of Dentistry, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Thankappan
- Head and Neck Oncology Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham-Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Subramania Iyer
- Head and Neck Oncology Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham-Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India
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13
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Tsilimigras DI, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Pawlik TM. Molecular Mechanisms of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cells 2023; 12:1657. [PMID: 37371127 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most frequently target for metastasis among patients with colorectal cancer mainly because of the portal vein circulation that directly connects the colon and rectum with the liver. The liver tumor microenvironment consists of different cell types each with unique characteristics and functions that modulate the antigen recognition and immune system activation. Primary tumors from other sites "prime" the liver prior to the seeding of cancer cells, creating a pre-metastatic niche. Following invasion into the liver, four different phases are key to the development of liver metastases: a microvascular phase in which cancer cells infiltrate and become trapped in sinusoidal vessels; an extravascular, pre-angiogenic phase; an angiogenic phase that supplies oxygen and nutrients to cancer cells; and a growth phase in which metastatic cells multiply and enlarge to form detectable tumors. Exosomes carry proteins, lipids, as well as genetic information that can create a pre-metastatic niche in distant sites, including the liver. The complexity of angiogenic mechanisms and the exploitation of the vasculature in situ by cancer cells have limited the efficacy of currently available anti-angiogenic therapies. Delineating the molecular mechanisms implicated in colorectal liver metastases is crucial to understand and predict tumor progression; the development of distant metastases; and resistance to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Donkor M, Choe J, Reid DM, Quinn B, Pulse M, Ranjan A, Chaudhary P, Jones HP. Nasal Tumor Vaccination Protects against Lung Tumor Development by Induction of Resident Effector and Memory Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:445. [PMID: 36839766 PMCID: PMC9958580 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Here, we show that intranasal delivery of our engineered CpG-coated tumor antigen (Tag)-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs)-nasal nano-vaccine-significantly reduced lung colonization by intravenous challenge of an extra-pulmonary tumor. Protection against tumor-cell lung colonization was linked to the induction of localized mucosal-associated effector and resident memory T cells as well as increased bronchiolar alveolar lavage-fluid IgA and serum IgG antibody responses. The nasal nano-vaccine-induced T-cell-mediated antitumor mucosal immune response was shown to increase tumor-specific production of IFN-γ and granzyme B by lung-derived CD8+ T cells. These findings demonstrate that our engineered nasal nano-vaccine has the potential to be used as a prophylactic approach prior to the seeding of tumors in the lungs, and thereby prevent overt lung metastases from existing extra pulmonary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Donkor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jamie Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Danielle Marie Reid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Byron Quinn
- Department of Biology, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Mark Pulse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Amalendu Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Harlan P. Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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15
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Mo Y, Leung LL, Mak CSL, Wang X, Chan WS, Hui LMN, Tang HWM, Siu MKY, Sharma R, Xu D, Tsui SKW, Ngan HYS, Yung MMH, Chan KKL, Chan DW. Tumor-secreted exosomal miR-141 activates tumor-stroma interactions and controls premetastatic niche formation in ovarian cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:4. [PMID: 36624516 PMCID: PMC9827705 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic colonization is one of the critical steps in tumor metastasis. A pre-metastatic niche is required for metastatic colonization and is determined by tumor-stroma interactions, yet the mechanistic underpinnings remain incompletely understood. METHODS PCR-based miRNome profiling, qPCR, immunofluorescent analyses evaluated the expression of exosomal miR-141 and cell-to-cell communication. LC-MS/MS proteomic profiling and Dual-Luciferase analyses identified YAP1 as the direct target of miR-141. Human cytokine profiling, ChIP, luciferase reporter assays, and subcellular fractionation analyses confirmed YAP1 in modulating GROα production. A series of in vitro tumorigenic assays, an ex vivo model and Yap1 stromal conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model demonstrated the roles of miR-141/YAP1/GROα/CXCR1/2 signaling cascade. RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPRi systems were used for gene silencing. Blood sera, OvCa tumor tissue samples, and tissue array were included for clinical correlations. RESULTS Hsa-miR-141-3p (miR-141), an exosomal miRNA, is highly secreted by ovarian cancer cells and reprograms stromal fibroblasts into proinflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), facilitating metastatic colonization. A mechanistic study showed that miR-141 targeted YAP1, a critical effector of the Hippo pathway, reducing the nuclear YAP1/TAZ ratio and enhancing GROα production from stromal fibroblasts. Stromal-specific knockout (cKO) of Yap1 in murine models shaped the GROα-enriched microenvironment, facilitating in vivo tumor colonization, but this effect was reversed after Cxcr1/2 depletion in OvCa cells. The YAP1/GROα correlation was demonstrated in clinical samples, highlighting the clinical relevance of this research and providing a potential therapeutic intervention for impeding premetastatic niche formation and metastatic progression of ovarian cancers. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers miR-141 as an OvCa-derived exosomal microRNA mediating the tumor-stroma interactions and the formation of tumor-promoting stromal niche through activating YAP1/GROα/CXCRs signaling cascade, providing new insight into therapy for OvCa patients with peritoneal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Mo
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Leanne L. Leung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Celia S. L. Mak
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Wai-Sun Chan
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Lynn M. N. Hui
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Hermit W. M. Tang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Michelle K. Y. Siu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Centre for PanorOmic Sciences Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Dakang Xu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Stephen K. W. Tsui
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR Hong Kong, China
| | - Hextan Y. S. Ngan
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Mingo M. H. Yung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Karen K. L. Chan
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - David W. Chan
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR Hong Kong, China ,grid.511521.3School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172 China
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16
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Pontis F, Roz L, Fortunato O, Bertolini G. The metastatic niche formation: focus on extracellular vesicle-mediated dialogue between lung cancer cells and the microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116783. [PMID: 37207158 PMCID: PMC10189117 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the world, with the majority of patients presenting with advanced or metastatic disease at first diagnosis. The lungs are also one of the most common sites of metastasis from lung cancer and other tumors. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate metastasis formation from primary lung cancer and in the lungs is therefore fundamental unmet clinical need. One of the first steps during the establishment of lung cancer metastases includes the formation of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) at distant organs, which may occur even during the early phases of cancer development. The PMN is established through intricate cross-talk between primary tumor-secreted factors and stromal components at distant sites. Mechanisms controlling primary tumor escape and seeding of distant organs rely on specific properties of tumor cells but are also tightly regulated by interactions with stromal cells at the metastatic niche that finally dictate the success of metastasis establishment. Here, we summarize the mechanisms underlying pre-metastatic niche formation starting from how lung primary tumor cells modulate distant sites through the release of several factors, focusing on Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). In this context, we highlight the role of lung cancer-derived EVs in the modulation of tumor immune escape. Then, we illustrate the complexity of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) that represent the seeds of metastasis and how interactions with stromal and immune cells can help their metastatic dissemination. Finally, we evaluate the contribution of EVs in dictating metastasis development at the PMN through stimulation of proliferation and control of disseminated tumor cell dormancy. Overall, we present an overview of different steps in the lung cancer metastatic cascade, focusing on the EV-mediated interactions between tumor cells and stromal/immune cells.
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17
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González-Arriagada WA, García IE, Martínez-Flores R, Morales-Pison S, Coletta RD. Therapeutic Perspectives of HIV-Associated Chemokine Receptor (CCR5 and CXCR4) Antagonists in Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010478. [PMID: 36613922 PMCID: PMC9820365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment is critical for tumor progression, and the chemokine ligand/receptor axes play a crucial role in this process. The CXCR4/CXCL12 and CCR5/CCL5 axes, both related to HIV, have been associated with the early (epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion) and late events (migration and metastasis) of cancer progression. In addition, these axes can also modulate the immune response against tumors. Thus, antagonists against the receptors of these axes have been proposed in cancer therapy. Although preclinical studies have shown promising results, clinical trials are needed to include these drugs in the oncological treatment protocols. New alternatives for these antagonists, such as dual CXCR4/CCR5 antagonists or combined therapy in association with immunotherapy, need to be studied in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Alejandro González-Arriagada
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- Patología Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital El Carmen Luis Valentín Ferrada, Maipú 9251521, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +562-2618-1000
| | - Isaac E. García
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360004, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas y Médicas, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360004, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2381850, Chile
| | - René Martínez-Flores
- Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
| | - Sebastián Morales-Pison
- Centro de Oncología de Precisión (COP), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7560908, Chile
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
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18
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Zhao D, Wu K, Sharma S, Xing F, Wu SY, Tyagi A, Deshpande R, Singh R, Wabitsch M, Mo YY, Watabe K. Exosomal miR-1304-3p promotes breast cancer progression in African Americans by activating cancer-associated adipocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7734. [PMID: 36517516 PMCID: PMC9751138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer displays disparities in mortality between African Americans and Caucasian Americans. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify miR-1304-3p as the most upregulated microRNA in African American patients. Importantly, its expression significantly correlates with poor progression-free survival in African American patients. Ectopic expression of miR-1304 promotes tumor progression in vivo. Exosomal miR-1304-3p activates cancer-associated adipocytes that release lipids and enhance cancer cell growth. Moreover, we identify the anti-adipogenic gene GATA2 as the target of miR-1304-3p. Notably, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the miR-1304 stem-loop region shows a significant difference in frequencies of the G allele between African and Caucasian American groups, which promotes the maturation of miR-1304-3p. Therefore, our results reveal a mechanism of the disparity in breast cancer progression and suggest a potential utility of miR-1304-3p and the associated SNP as biomarkers for predicting the outcome of African American patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ravindra Deshpande
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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19
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Clemente-González C, Carnero A. Role of the Hypoxic-Secretome in Seed and Soil Metastatic Preparation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5930. [PMID: 36497411 PMCID: PMC9738438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor growth, the delivery of oxygen to cells is impaired due to aberrant or absent vasculature. This causes an adaptative response that activates the expression of genes that control several essential processes, such as glycolysis, neovascularization, immune suppression, and the cancer stemness phenotype, leading to increased metastasis and resistance to therapy. Hypoxic tumor cells also respond to an altered hypoxic microenvironment by secreting vesicles, factors, cytokines and nucleic acids that modify not only the immediate microenvironment but also organs at distant sites, allowing or facilitating the attachment and growth of tumor cells and contributing to metastasis. Hypoxia induces the release of molecules of different biochemical natures, either secreted or inside extracellular vesicles, and both tumor cells and stromal cells are involved in this process. The mechanisms by which these signals that can modify the premetastatic niche are sent from the primary tumor site include changes in the extracellular matrix, recruitment and activation of different stromal cells and immune or nonimmune cells, metabolic reprogramming, and molecular signaling network rewiring. In this review, we will discuss how hypoxia might alter the premetastatic niche through different signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Clemente-González
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Ahmad M, Dhasmana A, Harne PS, Zamir A, Hafeez BB. Chemokine clouding and liver cancer heterogeneity: Does it impact clinical outcomes? Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1175-1185. [PMID: 35189322 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a predominant feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that plays a crucial role in chemoresistance and limits the efficacy of available chemo/immunotherapy regimens. Thus, a better understanding regarding the molecular determinants of tumor heterogeneity will help in developing newer strategies for effective HCC management. Chemokines, a sub-family of cytokines are one of the key molecular determinants of tumor heterogeneity in HCC and are involved in cell survival, growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Herein, we provide a panoramic insight into the role of chemokines in HCC heterogeneity at genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, immune cell composition, and tumor microenvironment levels and its impact on clinical outcomes. Interestingly, our in-silico analysis data showed that expression of chemokine receptors impacts infiltration of various immune cell populations into the liver tumor and leads to heterogeneity. Thus, it is evident that aberrant chemokines clouding impacts HCC tumor heterogeneity and understanding this phenomenon in depth could be harnessed for the development of personalized medicine strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassier Ahmad
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States; Department of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Prateek Suresh Harne
- DHR Health Gastroenterology, 5520 Leonardo da Vinci Drive, Suite 100, Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Asif Zamir
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States; DHR Health Gastroenterology, 5520 Leonardo da Vinci Drive, Suite 100, Edinburg, TX 78539, United States
| | - Bilal Bin Hafeez
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX 78504, United States.
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21
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Wang SE. Extracellular vesicles in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:296-309. [PMID: 35688334 PMCID: PMC10431950 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including a variety of membrane-enclosed nanosized particles carrying cell-derived cargo, mediate a major type of intercellular communication in physiological and pathological processes. Both cancer and non-cancer cells secrete EVs, which can travel to and influence various types of cells at the primary tumor site as well as in distant organs. Tumor-derived EVs contribute to cancer cell plasticity and resistance to therapy, adaptation of tumor microenvironment, local and systemic vascular remodeling, immunomodulation, and establishment of pre-metastatic niches. Therefore, targeting the production, uptake, and function of tumor-derived EVs has emerged as a new strategy for stand-alone or combinational therapy of cancer. On the other hand, as EV cargo partially reflects the genetic makeup and phenotypic properties of the secreting cell, EV-based biomarkers that can be detected in biofluids are being developed for cancer diagnosis and for predicting and monitoring tumor response to therapy. Meanwhile, EVs from presumably safe sources are being developed as delivery vehicles for anticancer therapeutic agents and as anticancer vaccines. Numerous reviews have discussed the biogenesis and characteristics of EVs and their functions in cancer. Here, I highlight recent advancements in translation of EV research outcome towards improved care of cancer, including developments of non-invasive EV-based biomarkers and therapeutic agents targeting tumor-derived EVs as well as engineering of therapeutic EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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22
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Multianalyte liquid biopsy to aid the diagnostic workup of breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:112. [PMID: 36167819 PMCID: PMC9515081 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) affects 1 in every 8 women in the United States and is currently the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Precise staging at diagnosis and prognosis are essential components for the clinical management of BC patients. In this study, we set out to evaluate the feasibility of the high-definition single cell (HDSCA) liquid biopsy (LBx) platform to stratify late-stage BC, early-stage BC, and normal donors using peripheral blood samples. Utilizing 5 biomarkers, we identified rare circulating events with epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial and hematological origin. We detected a higher level of CTCs in late-stage patients, compared to the early-stage and normal donors. Additionally, we observed more tumor-associated large extracellular vesicles (LEVs) in the early-stage, compared to late-stage and the normal donor groups. Overall, we were able to detect reproducible patterns in the enumeration of rare cells and LEVs of cancer vs. normal donors and early-stage vs. late-stage BC with high accuracy, allowing for robust stratification. Our findings illustrate the feasibility of the LBx assay to provide robust detection of rare circulating events in peripheral blood draws and to stratify late-stage BC, early-stage BC, and normal donor samples.
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23
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Jurj A, Ionescu C, Berindan-Neagoe I, Braicu C. The extracellular matrix alteration, implication in modulation of drug resistance mechanism: friends or foes? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:276. [PMID: 36114508 PMCID: PMC9479349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), having several important roles related to the hallmarks of cancer. In cancer, multiple components of the ECM have been shown to be altered. Although most of these alterations are represented by the increased or decreased quantity of the ECM components, changes regarding the functional alteration of a particular ECM component or of the ECM as a whole have been described. These alterations can be induced by the cancer cells directly or by the TME cells, with cancer-associated fibroblasts being of particular interest in this regard. Because the ECM has this wide array of functions in the tumor, preclinical and clinical studies have assessed the possibility of targeting the ECM, with some of them showing encouraging results. In the present review, we will highlight the most relevant ECM components presenting a comprehensive description of their physical, cellular and molecular properties which can alter the therapy response of the tumor cells. Lastly, some evidences regarding important biological processes were discussed, offering a more detailed understanding of how to modulate altered signalling pathways and to counteract drug resistance mechanisms in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Calin Ionescu
- 7Th Surgical Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Research Center for Oncopathology and Translational Medicine (CCOMT), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania.
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Chen C, Huang R, Zhou J, Guo L, Xiang S. Formation of pre-metastatic bone niche in prostate cancer and regulation of traditional chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:897942. [PMID: 36059977 PMCID: PMC9428453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.897942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer with bone metastasis has a high cancer-specific mortality. Thus, it is essential to delineate the mechanism of bone metastasis. Pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is a concept in tumor metastasis, which is characterized by tumor-secreted factors, reprogramming of stromal cells, and immunosuppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which is induced by bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) in the target organ. However, PMN does not explain the predilection of prostate cancer towards bone metastasis. In this review, we discuss the initiation of bone metastasis of prostate cancer from the perspective of PMN and tumor microenvironment in a step-wise manner. Furthermore, we present a new concept called pre-metastatic bone niche, featuring inherent BMDC, to interpret bone metastasis. Moreover, we illustrate the regulation of traditional Chinese medicine on PMN.
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25
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Sun X, Wang X, Yan C, Zheng S, Gao R, Huang F, Wei Y, Wen Z, Chen Y, Zhou X, Liu X, Chen B, Shen Y, Cai Y, Pan N, Wang L. Tumor cell-released LC3-positive EVs promote lung metastasis of breast cancer through enhancing premetastatic niche formation. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3405-3416. [PMID: 35879596 PMCID: PMC9530874 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancer–related deaths are caused by metastasis in vital organs including the lungs. Development of supportive metastatic microenvironments, referred to as premetastatic niches (PMNs), in certain distant organs before arrival of metastatic cells, is critical in metastasis. However, the mechanisms of PMN formation are not fully clear. Here, we demonstrated that chemoattractant C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) could be stimulated by heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) on the surface of murine 4 T1 breast cancer cell–released LC3+ extracellular vesicles (LC3+ EVs) via the TLR2‐MyD88‐NF‐κB signal cascade in lung fibroblasts, which subsequently promoted lung PMN formation through recruiting monocytes and suppressing T cell function. Consistently, reduction of LC3+ EV release or HSP60 level or neutralization of CCL2 markedly attenuated PMN formation and lung metastasis. Furthermore, the number of circulating LC3+ EVs and HSP60 level on LC3+ EVs in the plasma of breast cancer patients were positively correlated with disease progression and lung metastasis, which might have potential value as biomarkers of lung metastasis in breast cancer patients (AUC = 0.898, 0.694, respectively). These findings illuminate a novel mechanism of PMN formation and might provide therapeutic targets for anti‐metastasis therapy for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuru Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunguang Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiya Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiting Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifa Wen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueming Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bohao Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlang Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Yin X, Tian M, Zhang J, Tang W, Feng L, Li Z, Zheng C, Liu C, Yan L, Yu X, Li B. MiR-26b-5p in small extracellular vesicles derived from dying tumor cells after irradiation enhances the metastasis promoting microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 541:215746. [PMID: 35594995 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is effective in achieving local control in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; however, changes in the tumor microenvironment induced by radiation can also promote metastasis. Dying tumor cells play vital roles in promoting the survival of living tumor cells; however, few studies have investigated the effects of dying tumor cells on the tumor microenvironment. Since myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and macrophages constitute the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), we used a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced in situ tumor model to investigate the effects of irradiation on MDSCs and macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). When primary tumor sites were irradiated, we observed an increase in MDSCs in the spleen and the deposition of PMN components in lung and liver. Enhanced MDSC accumulation and function were induced by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolated from irradiated tumor-bearing mice. The MDSC induction function of sEVs after irradiation was reaffirmed using sEVs derived from ESCC cell lines. The irradiation-induced upregulation of miR-26b-5p in sEVs enhanced MDSC expansion and activation by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog. Our results first elucidated a mechanism by which dying tumor cells enhanced the deposition of PMN components and potentiated MDSCs in ESCC after irradiation. sEVs played a vital role in mediating signals between the primary tumor and the microenvironment to form a metastasis-promoting microenvironment after irradiation. Furthermore, miR-26b-5p or PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitors should be evaluated in clinical trials in combination with radiotherapy as a strategy to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China.
| | - Junpeng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Conghe Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Ling Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Pagnotti GM, Trivedi T, Mohammad KS. Translational Strategies to Target Metastatic Bone Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1309. [PMID: 35455987 PMCID: PMC9030480 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease is a common and devastating complication to cancer, confounding treatments and recovery efforts and presenting a significant barrier to de-escalating the adverse outcomes associated with disease progression. Despite significant advances in the field, bone metastases remain presently incurable and contribute heavily to cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms associated with metastatic bone disease perpetuation and paralleled disruption of bone remodeling are highlighted to convey how they provide the foundation for therapeutic targets to stem disease escalation. The focus of this review aims to describe the preclinical modeling and diagnostic evaluation of metastatic bone disease as well as discuss the range of therapeutic modalities used clinically and how they may impact skeletal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. Pagnotti
- Department of Endocrine, Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.M.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Trupti Trivedi
- Department of Endocrine, Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.M.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Khalid S. Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy and Genetics, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Bai S, Wang Z, Wang M, Li J, Wei Y, Xu R, Du J. Tumor-Derived Exosomes Modulate Primary Site Tumor Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:752818. [PMID: 35309949 PMCID: PMC8924426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.752818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are actively produced and released by tumor cells and carry messages from tumor cells to healthy cells or abnormal cells, and they participate in tumor metastasis. In this review, we explore the underlying mechanism of action of TDEs in tumor metastasis. TDEs transport tumor-derived proteins and non-coding RNA to tumor cells and promote migration. Transport to normal cells, such as vascular endothelial cells and immune cells, promotes angiogenesis, inhibits immune cell activation, and improves chances of tumor implantation. Thus, TDEs contribute to tumor metastasis. We summarize the function of TDEs and their components in tumor metastasis and illuminate shortcomings for advancing research on TDEs in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Bai
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zunyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junai Li
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruihuan Xu
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Du
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Tămaș F, Bălașa R, Manu D, Gyorki G, Chinezu R, Tămaș C, Bălașa A. The Importance of Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Cerebral Metastatic Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1449. [PMID: 35163368 PMCID: PMC8835738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031449&set/a 886656060+812772520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent more than 50% of all cerebral tumors encountered in clinical practice. Recently, there has been increased interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, and the knowledge about exosomes is constantly expanding. Exosomes are drivers for organotropic metastatic spread, playing important roles in the brain metastatic process by increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and preparing the premetastatic niche. The promising results of the latest experimental studies raise the possibility of one day using exosomes for liquid biopsies or as drug carriers, contributing to early diagnosis and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases. In this review, we attempted to summarize the latest knowledge about the role of exosomes in the brain metastatic process and future research directions for the use of exosomes in patients suffering from brain metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviu Tămaș
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Rodica Bălașa
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Doina Manu
- Center for Advanced Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Gyorki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Rareș Chinezu
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Corina Tămaș
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-749-867-513
| | - Adrian Bălașa
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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30
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The Importance of Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Cerebral Metastatic Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031449
expr 878511370 + 954121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent more than 50% of all cerebral tumors encountered in clinical practice. Recently, there has been increased interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, and the knowledge about exosomes is constantly expanding. Exosomes are drivers for organotropic metastatic spread, playing important roles in the brain metastatic process by increasing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and preparing the premetastatic niche. The promising results of the latest experimental studies raise the possibility of one day using exosomes for liquid biopsies or as drug carriers, contributing to early diagnosis and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases. In this review, we attempted to summarize the latest knowledge about the role of exosomes in the brain metastatic process and future research directions for the use of exosomes in patients suffering from brain metastatic disease.
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31
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Tămaș F, Bălașa R, Manu D, Gyorki G, Chinezu R, Tămaș C, Bălașa A. The Importance of Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Cerebral Metastatic Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031449. [PMID: 35163368 PMCID: PMC8835738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent more than 50% of all cerebral tumors encountered in clinical practice. Recently, there has been increased interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, and the knowledge about exosomes is constantly expanding. Exosomes are drivers for organotropic metastatic spread, playing important roles in the brain metastatic process by increasing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and preparing the premetastatic niche. The promising results of the latest experimental studies raise the possibility of one day using exosomes for liquid biopsies or as drug carriers, contributing to early diagnosis and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases. In this review, we attempted to summarize the latest knowledge about the role of exosomes in the brain metastatic process and future research directions for the use of exosomes in patients suffering from brain metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviu Tămaș
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Rodica Bălașa
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Doina Manu
- Center for Advanced Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Gyorki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Rareș Chinezu
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Corina Tămaș
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-749-867-513
| | - Adrian Bălașa
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade”, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (F.T.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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32
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Mast Cell–Tumor Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms of Recruitment, Intratumoral Communication and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Tumor Growth. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030349. [PMID: 35159157 PMCID: PMC8834237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that are important players in diseases associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer. Since MCs can infiltrate solid tumors and promote or limit tumor growth, a possible polarization of MCs to pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral phenotypes has been proposed and remains as a challenging research field. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between MCs and tumor cells. In particular, we consider: (1) the multifaceted role of MCs on tumor growth suggested by histological analysis of tumor biopsies and studies performed in MC-deficient animal models; (2) the signaling pathways triggered by tumor-derived chemotactic mediators and bioactive lipids that promote MC migration and modulate their function inside tumors; (3) the possible phenotypic changes on MCs triggered by prevalent conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia; (4) the signaling pathways that specifically lead to the production of angiogenic factors, mainly VEGF; and (5) the possible role of MCs on tumor fibrosis and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the novel literature on the molecular mechanisms potentially related to phenotypic changes that MCs undergo into the TME and some therapeutic strategies targeting MC activation to limit tumor growth.
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33
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Morrissey SM, Zhang F, Ding C, Montoya-Durango DE, Hu X, Yang C, Wang Z, Yuan F, Fox M, Zhang HG, Guo H, Tieri D, Kong M, Watson CT, Mitchell RA, Zhang X, McMasters KM, Huang J, Yan J. Tumor-derived exosomes drive immunosuppressive macrophages in a pre-metastatic niche through glycolytic dominant metabolic reprogramming. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2040-2058.e10. [PMID: 34559989 PMCID: PMC8506837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the defining characteristics of a pre-metastatic niche, a fundamental requirement for primary tumor metastasis, is infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages. How these macrophages acquire their phenotype remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) polarize macrophages toward an immunosuppressive phenotype characterized by increased PD-L1 expression through NF-kB-dependent, glycolytic-dominant metabolic reprogramming. TDE signaling through TLR2 and NF-κB leads to increased glucose uptake. TDEs also stimulate elevated NOS2, which inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation resulting in increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate. Lactate feeds back on NF-κB, further increasing PD-L1. Analysis of metastasis-negative lymph nodes of non-small-cell lung cancer patients revealed that macrophage PD-L1 positively correlates with levels of GLUT-1 and vesicle release gene YKT6 from primary tumors. Collectively, our study provides a novel mechanism by which macrophages within a pre-metastatic niche acquire their immunosuppressive phenotype and identifies an important link among exosomes, metabolism, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Morrissey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Diego Elias Montoya-Durango
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Haixun Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David Tieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robert A Mitchell
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr., MD Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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34
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Prieto-Vila M, Yoshioka Y, Ochiya T. Biological Functions Driven by mRNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:620498. [PMID: 34527665 PMCID: PMC8435577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.620498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are extracellular nanovesicles released by most cells. EVs play essential roles in intercellular communication via the transport of a large variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Nucleic acids are the most commonly found molecules inside EVs, and due to their small size, microRNAs and other small RNAs are the most abundant nucleic acids. However, longer molecules, such as messenger RNAs (mRNAs), have also been found. mRNAs encapsulated within EVs have been shown to be transferred to recipient cells and translated into proteins, altering the behavior of the cells. Secretion of EVs is maintained not only through multiple normal physiological conditions but also during aberrant pathological conditions, including cancer. Recently, the mRNAs carried by EVs in cancer have attracted great interest due to their broad roles in tumor progression and microenvironmental remodeling. This review focuses on the biological functions driven by mRNAs carried in EVs in cancer, which include supporting tumor progression by activating cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion; inducing microenvironmental remodeling via hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression; and promoting modulation of the microenvironment at distant sites for the generation of a premetastatic niche, collectively inducing metastasis. Furthermore, we describe the potential use of mRNAs carried by EVs as a noninvasive diagnostic tool and novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Liu YL, Bager CL, Willumsen N, Ramchandani D, Kornhauser N, Ling L, Cobham M, Andreopoulou E, Cigler T, Moore A, LaPolla D, Fitzpatrick V, Ward M, Warren JD, Fischbach C, Mittal V, Vahdat LT. Tetrathiomolybdate (TM)-associated copper depletion influences collagen remodeling and immune response in the pre-metastatic niche of breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:108. [PMID: 34426581 PMCID: PMC8382701 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) is a novel, copper-depleting compound associated with promising survival in a phase II study of patients with high-risk and triple-negative breast cancer. We sought to elucidate the mechanism of TM by exploring its effects on collagen processing and immune function in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Using an exploratory cohort, we identified markers of collagen processing (LOXL2, PRO-C3, C6M, and C1M) that differed between those with breast cancer versus controls. We measured these collagen biomarkers in TM-treated patients on the phase II study and detected evidence of decreased collagen cross-linking and increased degradation over formation in those without disease compared to those who experienced disease progression. Preclinical studies revealed decreased collagen deposition, lower levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and higher CD4+ T-cell infiltration in TM-treated mice compared with controls. This study reveals novel mechanisms of TM targeting the TME and immune response with potential applications across cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying L Liu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lu Ling
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne Moore
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Linda T Vahdat
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Gillot L, Baudin L, Rouaud L, Kridelka F, Noël A. The pre-metastatic niche in lymph nodes: formation and characteristics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5987-6002. [PMID: 34241649 PMCID: PMC8316194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is a crucial prognostic parameter in many different types of cancers and a gateway for further dissemination to distant organs. Prior to metastatic dissemination, the primary tumor prepares for the remodeling of the draining (sentinel) lymph node by secreting soluble factors or releasing extracellular vesicles that are transported by lymphatic vessels. These important changes occur before the appearance of the first metastatic cell and create what is known as a pre-metastatic niche giving rise to the subsequent survival and growth of metastatic cells. In this review, the lymph node structure, matrix composition and the emerging heterogeneity of cells forming it are described. Current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular processes associated with nodal pre-metastatic niche formation, including lymphangiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunosuppressive cell enlisting in lymph nodes are additionally summarized. Finally, future directions that research could possibly take and the clinical impact are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Gillot
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Louis Baudin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Loïc Rouaud
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kridelka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Chen S, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lu H, Qiu Y, Cheng L, Li C, Wang C. Inhalable Porous Microspheres Loaded with Metformin and Docosahexaenoic Acid Suppress Tumor Metastasis by Modulating Premetastatic Niche. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2622-2633. [PMID: 34165313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death; therefore, achieving suppression of tumor metastasis is a long-sought goal in cancer therapy. As the premetastatic niche acts as a prerequisite for tumor metastasis, it serves as an effective target for metastasis suppression. This study tests the feasibility of inhalable porous microspheres loaded with two premetastatic niche modulation agents, metformin and docosahexaenoic acid, as orthotopic delivery carriers for the reversion of lung premetastatic microenvironments and targeted suppression of tumor lung metastasis. The microspheres were prepared via an improved emulsion-solvent evaporation method and exhibit an excellent lung deposition, leading to significant inhibition of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)-endothelial cells adhesion, reduction of vascular permeability, and suppression of adhesion protein expression in lung premetastatic microenvironments. As a result, inhalable microspheres can prevent tumor lung metastasis formation excellently in vivo. Overall, this study proved that the encapsulation of metformin and docosahexaenoic acid in inhalable microspheres could be a promising strategy for tumor lung metastasis inhibition via orthotopically modulating premetastatic niche in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fangzheng Avenue, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Liting Cheng
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chong Li
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, 55 South Daxuecheng Road, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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Serum Amyloid A Proteins and Their Impact on Metastasis and Immune Biology in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133179. [PMID: 34202272 PMCID: PMC8267706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver responds to systemic inflammation and injury in a coordinated manner, called the acute phase response. While this normal physiological response aims to restore homeostasis, malignant transformation coopts this biology to increase the risk for metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we discuss the importance of acute phase response proteins in regulating cancer biology and treatment efficacy. We also consider potential strategies to intervene on acute phase biology as an approach to improve outcomes in cancer. Abstract Cancer triggers the systemic release of inflammatory molecules that support cancer cell metastasis and immune evasion. Notably, this biology shows striking similarity to an acute phase response that is coordinated by the liver. Consistent with this, a role for the liver in defining cancer biology is becoming increasingly appreciated. Understanding the mechanisms that link acute phase biology to metastasis and immune evasion in cancer may reveal vulnerable pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss a link between acute phase biology and cancer with a focus on serum amyloid A proteins and their involvement in regulating the metastatic cascade and cancer immunobiology.
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Fu T, Dai LJ, Wu SY, Xiao Y, Ma D, Jiang YZ, Shao ZM. Spatial architecture of the immune microenvironment orchestrates tumor immunity and therapeutic response. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:98. [PMID: 34172088 PMCID: PMC8234625 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), have long been shown to be strongly related to tumor development, recurrence and metastasis. However, conventional studies that underestimate the potential value of the spatial architecture of the TIME are unable to completely elucidate its complexity. As innovative high-flux and high-dimensional technologies emerge, researchers can more feasibly and accurately detect and depict the spatial architecture of the TIME. These findings have improved our understanding of the complexity and role of the TIME in tumor biology. In this review, we first epitomized some representative emerging technologies in the study of the spatial architecture of the TIME and categorized the description methods used to characterize these structures. Then, we determined the functions of the spatial architecture of the TIME in tumor biology and the effects of the gradient of extracellular nonspecific chemicals (ENSCs) on the TIME. We also discussed the potential clinical value of our understanding of the spatial architectures of the TIME, as well as current limitations and future prospects in this novel field. This review will bring spatial architectures of the TIME, an emerging dimension of tumor ecosystem research, to the attention of more researchers and promote its application in tumor research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei-Jie Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Song-Yang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Su CY, Burchett A, Dunworth M, Choi JS, Ewald AJ, Ahn EH, Kim DH. Engineering a 3D collective cancer invasion model with control over collagen fiber alignment. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120922. [PMID: 34126408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior to cancer cell invasion, the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the tumor is remodeled, such that circumferentially oriented matrix fibers become radially aligned. This predisposed radially aligned matrix structure serves as a critical regulator of cancer invasion. However, a biomimetic 3D model recapitulating a tumor's behavioral response to these ECM structures is not yet available. In this study, we have developed a phase-specific, force-guided method to establish a 3D dual topographical tumor model in which each tumor spheroid/organoid is surrounded by radially aligned collagen I fibers on one side and circumferentially oriented fibers on the opposite side. A coaxial rotating cylinder system was employed to construct the dual fiber topography and to pre-seed tumor spheroids/organoids within a single device. This system enables the application of different force mechanisms in the nucleation and elongation phases of collagen fiber polymerization to guide fiber alignment. In the nucleation phase, fiber alignment is enhanced by a horizontal laminar Couette flow driven by the inner cylinder rotation. In the elongation phase, fiber growth is guided by a vertical gravitational force to form a large aligned collagen matrix gel (35 × 25 × 0.5 mm) embedded with >1000 tumor spheroids. The fibers above each tumor spheroid are radially aligned along the direction of gravitational force in contrast to the circumferentially oriented fibers beneath each tumor spheroid/organoid, where the presence of the tumor interferes with the gravity-induced fiber alignment. After tumor invasion, there are more disseminated multicellular clusters on the radially aligned side, compared to the side of the tumor spheroid/organoid facing circumferentially oriented fibers. These results indicate that our 3D dual topographical model recapitulates the preference of tumors to invade and disseminate along radially aligned fibers. We anticipate that this 3D dual topographical model will have broad utility to those studying collective tumor invasion and that it has the potential to identify cancer invasion-targeted therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alice Burchett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Saxena S, Singh RK. Chemokines orchestrate tumor cells and the microenvironment to achieve metastatic heterogeneity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:447-476. [PMID: 33959849 PMCID: PMC9863248 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a subfamily of the cell cytokines, are low molecular weight proteins known to induce chemotaxis in leukocytes in response to inflammatory and pathogenic signals. A plethora of literature demonstrates that chemokines and their receptors regulate tumor progression and metastasis. With these diverse functionalities, chemokines act as a fundamental link between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrate that the biology of chemokines and their receptor in metastasis is complex as numerous chemokines are involved in regulating site-specific tumor growth and metastasis. Successful treatment of disseminated cancer is a significant challenge. The most crucial problem for treating metastatic cancer is developing therapy regimes capable of overcoming heterogeneity problems within primary tumors and among metastases and within metastases (intralesional). This heterogeneity of malignant tumor cells can be related to metastatic potential, response to chemotherapy or specific immunotherapy, and many other factors. In this review, we have emphasized the role of chemokines in the process of metastasis and metastatic heterogeneity. Individual chemokines may not express the full potential to address metastatic heterogeneity, but chemokine networks need exploration. Understanding the interplay between chemokine-chemokine receptor networks between the tumor cells and their microenvironment is a novel approach to overcome the problem of metastatic heterogeneity. Recent advances in the understanding of chemokine networks pave the way for developing a potential targeted therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA.
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Gao J, Li S, Xu Q, Zhang X, Huang M, Dai X, Liu L. Exosomes Promote Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652378. [PMID: 34109113 PMCID: PMC8180914 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has a high rate of metastasis, during which pre-metastatic niches (PMN) provide a supportive environment for the upcoming tumor cells. Exosomes are bilayer vesicles secreted by cells containing biological information that mediates communication between cells. Using exosomes, gastric cancer cells establish PMN remotely in multifarious perspectives, including immunosuppression, stroma remodeling, angiogenesis, mesothelial mesenchymal transformation, and organotropism. In turn, the cell components in PMN secrete exosomes that interact with each other and provide onco-promoting signals. In this review, we highlight the role of exosomes in PMN formation in gastric cancer and discuss their potential values in gastric cancer metastasis diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yang L, Li T, Shi H, Zhou Z, Huang Z, Lei X. The cellular and molecular components involved in pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:389-399. [PMID: 33174441 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1848543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Liver metastasis is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Premetastatic niche (PMN), a favorable microenvironment for cancer cells colonization at the distant organ, plays a pivotal role in CRC liver metastasis (CRCLM). Our understanding of the mechanisms mediating the formation of liver PMN in CRC has been significantly advanced in recent years, there are still many challenges and questions that remain.Areas covered: This review covers cellular and molecular components, and the interaction of theprimary cancer with the resident microenvironment of the distant organ that leads to PMN formation in CRCLM based on the latest literature.Expert Opinion: Various cellular and molecular events are involved in the liver PMN formation in CRC such as bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, extracellular matrix, and CRC-derived factors. The formation of the liver PMN depends on a complex interaction of CRC with the liver microenvironment including BMDCs recruitment, vascularization, immunosuppression, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix remodeling. This review firstly discusses on the cellular and molecular components contributing to the formation of the liver PMN in CRC, so as to provide new ideas for designing effective therapeutic strategies and prognostic markers for CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Taiyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Gastrointestinal Surgical Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiong Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Gastrointestinal Surgical Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Wu S, Xing X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li M, Wang M, Wang Z, Chen J, Gao D, Zhao Y, Chen R, Ren Z, Zhang K, Cui J. The pathological significance of LOXL2 in pre-metastatic niche formation of HCC and its related molecular mechanism. Eur J Cancer 2021; 147:63-73. [PMID: 33618200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying the contribution of primary tumour to pre-metastatic niche formation remains largely unknown in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously reported that the released LOXL2 from HCC cells under higher stiffness stimulation facilitated the formation of lung pre-metastatic niche. Here, we further clarified the pathological role of LOXL2 in promoting lung pre-metastatic niche formation and lung metastasis occurrence in HCC and its relevant molecular mechanism. METHODS Using two different animal models and an in vitro system of mechanically tuneable gel mirroring lung tissue stiffness, we explored the underlying mechanism of LOXL2 in pre-metastatic niche formation. RESULTS We applied tail vein injection of CM-LV-LOXL2-OEsimulating tumour-released soluble factors to induce lung pre-metastatic niche formation and found that the injected LOXL2 remarkably enhanced CD11b+/CD45+ bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) recruitment and fibronectin expression in lung. Subsequently, LOXL2-overexpressed xenograft HCC models validated that tumour-secreted LOXL2 significantly promoted the occurrence of pulmonary metastasis. In vitro, LOXL2 and LOXL2-caused matrix stiffening not only obviously upregulated the expressions of MMP9 and fibronectin in lung fibroblasts, but also evidently increased the number of adherent HCC cells and the expression of chemokine CXCL12. The activation of PI3K-AKT pathway mediated LOXL2-upregulated fibronectin. HCC patients in High-LOXL2 group had higher ratio of tumour recurrence than HCC patients in Low-LOXL2 group, supporting a significance of LOXL2 in HCC progression and unfavourable outcome. CONCLUSION Primary tumour-released LOXL2 promotes lung pre-metastatic niche formation and lung metastasis occurrence. LOXL2-caused matrix stiffening synergistically regulates lung pre-metastatic niche formation. Targeting LOXL2-induced lung pre-metastatic niche may be a novel intervention approach against HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Xing
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Miao Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Kezhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Exosomal integrins and their influence on pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:124-134. [PMID: 33741423 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most lethal and untreatable types of cancer so far, pancreatic cancer is not benefitting from advancements in research. Despite all the efforts, this malignancy is still very difficult to diagnose in time, resistant to treatments, and prone to relapses. The appearance of metastasis-notoriously difficult to fight and a signal of unfortunate prognosis-is the event most dreaded by every cancer patient, especially by those with pancreatic cancer. Strategies for early detection and treatment of metastases are limited, and new action plans are desperately awaited. Recently, the importance of cell-secreted vesicles, or exosomes, in cell-cell communication and, particularly, their key role in promoting pathological conditions, such as infectious diseases and cancer, have attracted the attention of the scientific community. The discovery of some exosome membrane components, such as adhesion receptors and integrins, and their ability to influence cancer cell functions and metastasis progression, has added some important understanding of the metastatic process and will hopefully open the door to the development of new tools for identifying and targeting metastases. The aim of this review is to discuss the role played by integrins in exosomal-mediated pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis.
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Fabricius HÅ, Starzonek S, Lange T. The Role of Platelet Cell Surface P-Selectin for the Direct Platelet-Tumor Cell Contact During Metastasis Formation in Human Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642761. [PMID: 33791226 PMCID: PMC8006306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian platelets, devoid of nuclei, are the smallest cells in the blood stream. They are essential for hemostasis, but also transmit cell signals that are necessary for regenerative and generative processes such as inflammation, immunity and tissue repair. In particular, in malignancies they are also associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Platelets promote metastasis and resistance to anti-tumor treatment. However, fundamental principles of the interaction between them and target cells within tumors are complex and still quite obscure. When injected into animals or circulating in the blood of cancer patients, cancer cells ligate platelets in a timely manner closely related to platelet activation either by direct contact or by cell-derived substances or microvesicles. In this context, a large number of different surface molecules and transduction mechanisms have been identified, although the results are sometimes species-specific and not always valid to humans. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the role of the direct and indirect platelet-tumor interaction for single steps of the metastatic cascade and specifically focus on the functional role of P-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Åke Fabricius
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Starzonek
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang H, Pan J, Barsky L, Jacob JC, Zheng Y, Gao C, Wang S, Zhu W, Sun H, Lu L, Jia H, Zhao Y, Bruns C, Vago R, Dong Q, Qin L. Characteristics of pre-metastatic niche: the landscape of molecular and cellular pathways. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:3. [PMID: 35006432 PMCID: PMC8607426 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major contributor to cancer-associated deaths. It involves complex interactions between primary tumorigenic sites and future metastatic sites. Accumulation studies have revealed that tumour metastasis is not a disorderly spontaneous incident but the climax of a series of sequential and dynamic events including the development of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) suitable for a subpopulation of tumour cells to colonize and develop into metastases. A deep understanding of the formation, characteristics and function of the PMN is required for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat tumour patients. It is rapidly becoming evident that therapies targeting PMN may be successful in averting tumour metastasis at an early stage. This review highlights the key components and main characteristics of the PMN and describes potential therapeutic strategies, providing a promising foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Livnat Barsky
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haoting Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huliang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Razi Vago
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road (M), Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Abstract
Owing to increased awareness of the importance of mammogram and advances in surgical technology, survival rate of patients with primary breast cancer has dramatically increased. Despite all these advances in breast cancer treatment, there are no currently available treatments for this disease once it metastasizes to distant organs including bones, lungs, brain, and liver. This is mainly attributed to the complexity of metastatic process. Recent advances in technology enabled cancer biologists to dissect each step of the metastatic process, and this led to discovery of major players and molecules in this process. In this section, we will discuss recent discovery and advances in the field of breast cancer metastasis research.
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49
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Hussain S, Peng B, Cherian M, Song JW, Ahirwar DK, Ganju RK. The Roles of Stroma-Derived Chemokine in Different Stages of Cancer Metastases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:598532. [PMID: 33414786 PMCID: PMC7783453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.598532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between malignant cells and host cellular and non-cellular components play crucial role in different stages of tumor development, progression, and metastases. Tumor and stromal cells communicate to each other through receptors such as integrins and secretion of signaling molecules like growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Chemokines mediated signaling pathways have emerged as major mechanisms underlying multifaceted roles played by host cells during tumor progression. In response to tumor stimuli, host cells-derived chemokines further activates signaling cascades that support the ability of tumor cells to invade surrounding basement membrane and extra-cellular matrix. The host-derived chemokines act on endothelial cells to increase their permeability and facilitate tumor cells intravasation and extravasation. The tumor cells-host neutrophils interaction within the vasculature initiates chemokines driven recruitment of inflammatory cells that protects circulatory tumor cells from immune attack. Chemokines secreted by tumor cells and stromal immune and non-immune cells within the tumor microenvironment enter the circulation and are responsible for formation of a "pre-metastatic niche" like a "soil" in distant organs whereby circulating tumor cells "seed' and colonize, leading to formation of metastatic foci. Given the importance of host derived chemokines in cancer progression and metastases several drugs like Mogamulizumab, Plerixafor, Repertaxin among others are part of ongoing clinical trial which target chemokines and their receptors against cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the complexity of chemokines network in tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on chemokines secreted from host cells. We especially summarize the role of host-derived chemokines in different stages of metastases, including invasion, dissemination, migration into the vasculature, and seeding into the pre-metastatic niche. We finally provide a brief description of prospective drugs that target chemokines in different clinical trials against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Grzywa TM, Klicka K, Włodarski PK. Regulators at Every Step-How microRNAs Drive Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3709. [PMID: 33321819 PMCID: PMC7763175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness and metastasis are the main causes of mortality in cancer. Tumor progression is composed of many steps, including primary tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, survival in the circulation, pre-metastatic niche formation, and metastasis. All these steps are strictly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs that promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis or as tumor suppressor miRNAs that inhibit tumor progression. These miRNAs regulate the actin cytoskeleton, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors including integrins and ECM-remodeling enzymes comprising matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), hence modulating cell migration and invasiveness. Moreover, miRNAs regulate angiogenesis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and metastasis. Thus, miRNAs are biomarkers of metastases as well as promising targets of therapy. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of various miRNAs in tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (K.K.)
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