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Sun K, Bose D, Singh RK, Pei Y, Robertson ES. The F-box E3 ligase protein FBXO11 regulates EBNA3C-associated degradation of BCL6. J Virol 2024; 98:e0054824. [PMID: 38864622 PMCID: PMC11265398 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00548-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most mature B-cell malignancies originate from the malignant transformation of germinal center (GC) B cells. The GC reaction appears to have a role in malignant transformation, in which a major player of the GC reaction is BCL6, a key regulator of this process. We now demonstrate that BCL6 protein levels were dramatically decreased in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines and Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Notably, BCL6 degradation was significantly enhanced in the presence of both EBNA3C and FBXO11. Furthermore, the amino-terminal domain of EBNA3C, which contains residues 50-100, interacts directly with FBXO11. The expression of EBNA3C and FBXO11 resulted in a significant induction of cell proliferation. Furthermore, BCL6 protein expression levels were regulated by EBNA3C via the Skp Cullin Fbox (SCF)FBXO11 complex, which mediated its ubiquitylation, and knockdown of FBXO11 suppressed the transformation of lymphoblastoid cell lines. These data provide new insights into the function of EBNA3C in B-cell transformation during GC reaction and raise the possibility of developing new targeted therapies against EBV-associated cancers. IMPORTANCE The novel revelation in our study involves the suppression of BCL6 expression by the essential Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigen EBNA3C, shedding new light on our current comprehension of how EBV contributes to lymphomagenesis by impeding the germinal center reaction. It is crucial to note that while several EBV latent proteins are expressed in infected cells, the collaborative mechanisms among these proteins in regulating B-cell development or inducing B-cell lymphoma require additional investigation. Nonetheless, our findings carry significance for the development of emerging strategies aimed at addressing EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Sun
- The Tumor Virology Program, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dipayan Bose
- The Tumor Virology Program, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajnish Kumar Singh
- The Tumor Virology Program, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yonggang Pei
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- The Tumor Virology Program, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Li J, Feng J, Li Z, Ni Y, Liu L, Lei X, Chai Z, Zhuang N, Xu J, He Y, Shan J, Qian C. B cell lymphoma 6 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting tumor infiltrating CD4 +T cell cytotoxicity through ESM1. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:139. [PMID: 38956432 PMCID: PMC11220024 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy exhibited potential effects for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, unfortunately, the clinical benefits are often countered by cancer adaptive immune suppressive response. Uncovering the mechanism how cancer cells evade immune surveillance would help to develop new immunotherapy approaches and combination therapy. In this article, by analyzing the transcriptional factors which modulate the differentially expressed genes between T cell infiltration high group and low group, we identified oncoprotein B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) suppresses the infiltration and activation of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes, thus correlated with poorer clinical outcome. By using antibody deletion experiment, we further demonstrated that CD4+T cells but not CD8+T cells are the main lymphocyte population suppressed by Bcl6 to promote HCC development. Mechanistically, BCL6 decreases cancer cell expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T lymphocyte chemokines such as IL6, IL1F6, and CCL5. Moreover, BCL6 upregulates Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) to inhibit T lymphocyte recruitment and activation possibly through ICAM-1/LFA-1 signaling pathway. Our findings uncovered an unappreciated paracrine mechanism how cancer cell-derived BCL6 assists cancer cell immune evasion, and highlighted the role of CD4+T cells in HCC immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- School of Medicine Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yuanli Ni
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
- School of Medicine Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zixuan Chai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Na Zhuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yongpeng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- School of Medicine Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Cheng Qian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- School of Medicine Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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3
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Paphussaro W, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Buthasane W, Rungsipipat A, Tharasanit T, Suriyaphol G. Analysis of serum peptidome profiles of non-metastatic and metastatic feline mammary carcinoma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:280. [PMID: 38951817 PMCID: PMC11218297 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common aggressive and highly metastatic cancer affecting female cats. Early detection is essential for preventing local and distant metastasis, thereby improving overall survival rates. While acquiring molecular data before surgery offers significant potential benefits, the current protein biomarkers for monitoring disease progression in non-metastatic FMC (NmFMC) and metastatic FMC (mFMC) are limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum peptidome profiles of NmFMC and mFMC using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare serum peptidome profiles in 13 NmFMC, 23 mFMC and 18 healthy cats. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed on non-trypsinized samples. RESULTS Out of a total of 8284 expressed proteins observed, several proteins were found to be associated with human breast cancer. In NmFMC, distinctive protein expressions encompassed double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 2 (STAU2), associated with cell proliferation, along with bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2A (BAZ2A) and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit epsilon (GABRE), identified as potential treatment targets. Paradoxically, positive prognostic markers emerged, such as complement C1q like 3 (C1QL3) and erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 (EPB41 or 4.1R). Within the mFMC group, overexpressed proteins associated with poor prognosis were exhibited, including B-cell lymphoma 6 transcription repressor (BCL6), thioredoxin reductase 3 (TXNRD3) and ceruloplasmin (CP). Meanwhile, the presence of POU class 5 homeobox (POU5F1 or OCT4) and laminin subunit alpha 1 (LAMA1), reported as metastatic biomarkers, was noted. CONCLUSION The presence of both pro- and anti-proliferative proteins was observed, potentially indicating a distinctive characteristic of NmFMC. Conversely, proteins associated with poor prognosis and metastasis were noted in the mFMC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weejarin Paphussaro
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wannapol Buthasane
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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4
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Huang X, Wu F, Ye J, Wang L, Wang X, Li X, He G. Expanding the horizons of targeted protein degradation: A non-small molecule perspective. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2402-2427. [PMID: 38828146 PMCID: PMC11143490 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) represented by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) marks a significant stride in drug discovery. A plethora of innovative technologies inspired by PROTAC have not only revolutionized the landscape of TPD but have the potential to unlock functionalities beyond degradation. Non-small-molecule-based approaches play an irreplaceable role in this field. A wide variety of agents spanning a broad chemical spectrum, including peptides, nucleic acids, antibodies, and even vaccines, which not only prove instrumental in overcoming the constraints of conventional small molecule entities but also provided rapidly renewing paradigms. Herein we summarize the burgeoning non-small molecule technological platforms inspired by PROTACs, including three major trajectories, to provide insights for the design strategies based on novel paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Dermatology & Venerology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Barakat S, Ezen E, Devecioğlu İ, Gezen M, Piepoli S, Erman B. Dimerization choice and alternative functions of ZBTB transcription factors. FEBS J 2024; 291:237-255. [PMID: 37450366 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc Finger DNA-binding domain-containing proteins are the most populous family among eukaryotic transcription factors. Among these, members of the BTB domain-containing ZBTB sub-family are mostly known for their transcriptional repressive functions. In this Viewpoint article, we explore molecular mechanisms that potentially diversify the function of ZBTB proteins based on their homo and heterodimerization, alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. We describe how the BTB domain is as much a scaffold for the assembly of co-repressors, as a domain that regulates protein stability. We highlight another mechanism that regulates ZBTB protein stability: phosphorylation in the zinc finger domain. We explore the non-transcriptional, structural roles of ZBTB proteins and highlight novel findings that describe the ability of ZBTB proteins to associate with poly adenosine ribose in the nucleus during the DNA damage response. Herein, we discuss the contribution of BTB domain scaffolds to the formation of transcriptional repressive complexes, to chromosome compartmentalization and their non-transcriptional, purely structural functions in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barakat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ege Ezen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İzem Devecioğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Gezen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sofia Piepoli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Batu Erman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Tabatabai A, Arora A, Höfmann S, Jauch M, von Tresckow B, Hansen J, Flümann R, Jachimowicz RD, Klein S, Reinhardt HC, Knittel G. Mouse models of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1313371. [PMID: 38124747 PMCID: PMC10731046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1313371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a genetically highly heterogeneous disease. Yet, to date, the vast majority of patients receive standardized frontline chemo-immune-therapy consisting of an anthracycline backbone. Using these regimens, approximately 65% of patients can be cured, whereas the remaining 35% of patients will face relapsed or refractory disease, which, even in the era of CAR-T cells, is difficult to treat. To systematically tackle this high medical need, it is important to design, generate and deploy suitable in vivo model systems that capture disease biology, heterogeneity and drug response. Recently published, large comprehensive genomic characterization studies, which defined molecular sub-groups of DLBCL, provide an ideal framework for the generation of autochthonous mouse models, as well as an ideal benchmark for cell line-derived or patient-derived mouse models of DLBCL. Here we discuss the current state of the art in the field of mouse modelling of human DLBCL, with a particular focus on disease biology and genetically defined molecular vulnerabilities, as well as potential targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areya Tabatabai
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aastha Arora
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Höfmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jauch
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Hansen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Flümann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ron D. Jachimowicz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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7
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Zhang C, Sheng Q, Zhao N, Huang S, Zhao Y. DNA hypomethylation mediates immune response in pan-cancer. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2192894. [PMID: 36945884 PMCID: PMC10038033 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2192894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal DNA methylation is a fundamental characterization of epigenetics in cancer. Here we demonstrate that aberrant DNA methylating can modulate the tumour immune microenvironment in 16 cancer types. Differential DNA methylation in promoter region can regulate the transcriptomic pattern of immune-related genes and DNA hypomethylation mainly participated in the processes of immunity, carcinogenesis and immune infiltration. Moreover, many cancer types shared immune-related functions, like activation of innate immune response, interferon gamma response and NOD-like receptor signalling pathway. DNA methylation can further help identify molecular subtypes of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. These subtypes are characterized by DNA methylation pattern, major histocompatibility complex, cytolytic activity and cytotoxic t lymphocyte and tumour mutation burden, and subtype with hypomethylation pattern shows unstable immune status. Then, we investigate the DNA methylation pattern of exhaustion-related marker genes and further demonstrate the role of hypomethylation in tumour immune microenvironment. In summary, our findings support the use of hypomethylation as a biomarker to understand the mechanism of tumour immune environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Zhang
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Sheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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8
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Golovnin A, Melnikova L, Babosha V, Pokholkova GV, Slovohotov I, Umnova A, Maksimenko O, Zhimulev IF, Georgiev P. The N-Terminal Part of Drosophila CP190 Is a Platform for Interaction with Multiple Architectural Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15917. [PMID: 37958900 PMCID: PMC10648081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CP190 is a co-factor in many Drosophila architectural proteins, being involved in the formation of active promoters and insulators. CP190 contains the N-terminal BTB/POZ (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac/POxvirus and Zinc finger) domain and adjacent conserved regions involved in protein interactions. Here, we examined the functional roles of these domains of CP190 in vivo. The best-characterized architectural proteins with insulator functions, Pita, Su(Hw), and dCTCF, interacted predominantly with the BTB domain of CP190. Due to the difficulty of mutating the BTB domain, we obtained a transgenic line expressing a chimeric CP190 with the BTB domain of the human protein Kaiso. Another group of architectural proteins, M1BP, Opbp, and ZIPIC, interacted with one or both of the highly conserved regions in the N-terminal part of CP190. Transgenic lines of D. melanogaster expressing CP190 mutants with a deletion of each of these domains were obtained. The results showed that these mutant proteins only partially compensated for the functions of CP190, weakly binding to selective chromatin sites. Further analysis confirmed the essential role of these domains in recruitment to regulatory regions associated with architectural proteins. We also found that the N-terminal of CP190 was sufficient for recruiting Z4 and Chromator proteins and successfully achieving chromatin opening. Taken together, our results and the results of previous studies showed that the N-terminal region of CP190 is a platform for simultaneous interaction with various DNA-binding architectural proteins and transcription complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Golovnin
- Department of Drosophila Molecular Genetics, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Larisa Melnikova
- Department of Drosophila Molecular Genetics, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Valentin Babosha
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Galina V. Pokholkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia (I.F.Z.)
| | - Ivan Slovohotov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Anastasia Umnova
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Oksana Maksimenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Igor F. Zhimulev
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia (I.F.Z.)
| | - Pavel Georgiev
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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9
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Zeng X, Zhao F, Jia J, Ma X, Jiang Q, Zhang R, Li C, Wang T, Liu W, Hao Y, Tao K, Lou Z, Zhang P. Targeting BCL6 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Promotes p53-Mediated Apoptosis to Enhance the Antitumor Activity of Imatinib. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3624-3635. [PMID: 37556508 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM) has revolutionized the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, most patients inevitably acquire IM resistance. Second- and third-line treatments exhibit modest clinical benefits with a median time to disease progression of 4 to 6 months, highlighting the urgency for novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we report that the expression of BCL6, a known oncogenic driver and transcriptional repressor, was significantly induced in GIST cells following IM treatment. Elevated BCL6 levels suppressed apoptosis and contributed to IM resistance. Mechanistically, BCL6 recruited SIRT1 to the TP53 promoter to modulate histone acetylation and transcriptionally repress TP53 expression. The reduction in p53 subsequently attenuated cell apoptosis and promoted tolerance of GIST cells to IM. Concordantly, treatment of GIST cells showing high BCL6 expression with a BCL6 inhibitor, BI-3802, conferred IM sensitivity. Furthermore, BI-3802 showed striking synergy with IM in IM-responsive and IM-resistant GIST cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these findings reveal a role for BCL6 in IM resistance and suggest that a combination of BCL6 inhibitors and IM could be a potentially effective treatment for GIST. SIGNIFICANCE BCL6 drives resistance to imatinib by inhibiting p53-mediated apoptosis and can be targeted in combination with imatinib to synergistically suppress tumor growth, providing a therapeutic strategy for treating gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianxiong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengguo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalan Hao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Herting JR, König JH, Hadova K, Heinick A, Müller FU, Pauls P, Seidl MD, Soppa C, Kirchhefer U. Hypercontractile cardiac phenotype in mice overexpressing the regulatory subunit PR72 of protein phosphatase 2A. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1239555. [PMID: 37868783 PMCID: PMC10590119 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1239555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The activity, localization, and substrate specificity of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) heterotrimer are controlled by various regulatory B subunits. PR72 belongs to the B'' gene family and has been shown to be upregulated in human heart failure. However, little is known about the functions of PR72 in the myocardium. Methods To address this issue, we generated a transgenic mouse model with heart-specific overexpression of PP2A-PR72. Biochemical and physiological methods were used to determine contractility, Ca2+ cycling parameters, and protein phosphorylation. Results A 2.5-fold increase in PR72 expression resulted in moderate cardiac hypertrophy. Maximal ventricular pressure was increased in catheterized transgenic mice (TG) compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. This was accompanied by an increased shortening of sarcomere length and faster relaxation at the single-cell level in TG. In parallel with these findings, the peak amplitude of Ca2+ transients was increased, and the decay in intracellular Ca2+ levels was shortened in TG compared to WT. The changes in Ca2+ cycling in TG were also evident from an increase in the full duration and width at half maximum of Ca2+ sparks. Consistent with the contractile data, phosphorylation of phospholamban at threonine-17 was higher in TG hearts. The lower expression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger may also contribute to the hypercontractile state in transgenic myocardium. Conclusion Our results suggest that PP2A-PR72 plays an important role in regulating cardiac contractile function and Ca2+ cycling, indicating that the upregulation of PR72 in heart failure is an attempt to compensate functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius R. Herting
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jule H. König
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katarina Hadova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Heinick
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank U. Müller
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Pauls
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias D. Seidl
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolina Soppa
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Pouliou M, Koutsi MA, Champezou L, Giannopoulou AI, Vatsellas G, Piperi C, Agelopoulos M. MYCN Amplifications and Metabolic Rewiring in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4803. [PMID: 37835497 PMCID: PMC10571721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by (epi)genomic and gene expression abnormalities and characterized by metabolic phenotypes that are substantially different from the normal phenotypes of the tissues of origin. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the key features of tumors, including those established in the human nervous system. In this work, we emphasize a well-known cancerous genomic alteration: the amplification of MYCN and its downstream effects in neuroblastoma phenotype evolution. Herein, we extend our previous computational biology investigations by conducting an integrative workflow applied to published genomics datasets and comprehensively assess the impact of MYCN amplification in the upregulation of metabolism-related transcription factor (TF)-encoding genes in neuroblastoma cells. The results obtained first emphasized overexpressed TFs, and subsequently those committed in metabolic cellular processes, as validated by gene ontology analyses (GOs) and literature curation. Several genes encoding for those TFs were investigated at the mechanistic and regulatory levels by conducting further omics-based computational biology assessments applied on published ChIP-seq datasets retrieved from MYCN-amplified- and MYCN-enforced-overexpression within in vivo systems of study. Hence, we approached the mechanistic interrelationship between amplified MYCN and overexpression of metabolism-related TFs in neuroblastoma and showed that many are direct targets of MYCN in an amplification-inducible fashion. These results illuminate how MYCN executes its regulatory underpinnings on metabolic processes in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialena Pouliou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Marianna A. Koutsi
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Lydia Champezou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Angeliki-Ioanna Giannopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street Bldg 16, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street Bldg 16, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Marios Agelopoulos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (M.A.K.); (L.C.); (G.V.)
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12
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Paluvai H, Shanmukha KD, Tyedmers J, Backs J. Insights into the function of HDAC3 and NCoR1/NCoR2 co-repressor complex in metabolic diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1190094. [PMID: 37674539 PMCID: PMC10477789 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1190094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR1/2) are epigenetic regulators that play a key role in gene expression and metabolism. HDAC3 is a class I histone deacetylase that functions as a transcriptional co-repressor, modulating gene expression by removing acetyl groups from histones and non-histone proteins. NCoR1, on the other hand, is a transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and liver X receptor (LXR), to regulate metabolic gene expression. Recent research has revealed a functional link between HDAC3 and NCoR1 in the regulation of metabolic gene expression. Genetic deletion of HDAC3 in mouse models has been shown to improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Similarly, genetic deletion of NCoR1 has improved insulin resistance and reduced adiposity in mouse models. Dysregulation of this interaction has been associated with the development of cardio-metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that targeting this pathway may hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of individual functions of HDAC3 and NCoR1/2 and the co-repressor complex formation (HDAC3/NCoR1/2) in different metabolic tissues. Further studies are needed to thoroughly understand the mechanisms through which HDAC3, and NCoR1/2 govern metabolic processes and the implications for treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnareddy Paluvai
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kumar D. Shanmukha
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Tyedmers
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Bonchuk A, Balagurov K, Georgiev P. BTB domains: A structural view of evolution, multimerization, and protein-protein interactions. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200179. [PMID: 36449605 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Broad-complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-à-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) is a conserved domain found in many eukaryotic proteins with diverse cellular functions. Recent studies revealed its importance in multiple developmental processes as well as in the onset and progression of oncological diseases. Most BTB domains can form multimers and selectively interact with non-BTB proteins. Structural studies of BTB domains delineated the presence of different interfaces involved in various interactions mediated by BTBs and provided a basis for the specific inhibition of distinct protein-interaction interfaces. BTB domains originated early in eukaryotic evolution and progressively adapted their structural elements to perform distinct functions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the structural principles of protein-protein interactions mediated by BTB domains based on the recently published structural data and advances in protein modeling. We propose an update to the structure-based classification of BTB domain families and discuss their evolutionary interconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Bonchuk
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Balagurov
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Georgiev
- Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhou X, Meng X, Zhou X. Role of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in hypertension: New insights and potential therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1098725. [PMID: 36703963 PMCID: PMC9871625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1098725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is regarded as the most prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which have become a primary cause of death, and recent research has demonstrated that chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Both innate and adaptive immunity are now known to promote the elevation of blood pressure by triggering vascular inflammation and microvascular remodeling. For example, as an important part of innate immune system, classically activated macrophages (M1), neutrophils, and dendritic cells contribute to hypertension by secreting inflammatory cy3tokines. In particular, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) produced by activated T lymphocytes contribute to hypertension by inducing oxidative stress injury and endothelial dysfunction. However, the regulatory T cells and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) may have a protective role in hypertension. Although inflammation is related to hypertension, the exact mechanisms are complex and unclear. The present review aims to reveal the roles of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in the initiation and evolution of hypertension. We envisage that the review will strengthen public understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension and may provide new insights and potential therapeutic strategies for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Meng
- *Correspondence: Xianliang Zhou, ; Xu Meng,
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15
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Tamma R, Ingravallo G, Annese T, d’Amati A, Lorusso L, Ribatti D. Tumor Microenvironment and Microvascular Density in Human Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010011. [PMID: 36611806 PMCID: PMC9818990 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a very aggressive form of cancer affecting the central nervous system. Although it occurs almost exclusively in the brain, glioblastoma can also appear in the brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. It is characterized by high rates of proliferation, invasion, and necrosis. Moreover, GBM is a highly vascularized tumor and presents resistance to therapy. Recent data indicate that GBM cells are surrounded by a microenvironment (TME) which includes a complex network constituted of cellular/extracellular components and vessels able to influence both tumor growth and angiogenesis. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 30 bioptic specimens of adult patients diagnosed with IDH1 wild type GBM taken at the time of the first diagnosis. Each section has been divided into two experimental zones: the tumor side and the healthy surrounding tissue. We performed a series of immunohistochemical stainings with the purpose of evaluating the presence of total and M2 macrophages, CD4+-, CD8+-lymphocytes, and CD34+ microvessels. In addition, we have also evaluated the percentage of cells expressing bcl6 and p53 to determine any possible correlations with TME. Our data showed a significant increase in the total and M2 type macrophages, of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and of CD34+ microvessels in the tumoral area respective to the healthy zone. We also confirmed our previous data showing the higher number of p53 and BCL6+ cells in the tumor area with a positive correlation between BCL6 and CD34+ microvessels. In conclusion, the data that came from this work support the important role played by microenvironment components in GBM progression. These results could contribute to the generation of new specific therapies useful in preventing GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tamma
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0805478323 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0805478310 (D.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università del Mediterraneo (LUM) Giuseppe Degennaro University, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio d’Amati
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Lorusso
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-0805478323 (D.R.); Fax: +39-0805478310 (D.R.)
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16
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Wang Y, Du J, Gao Z, Sun H, Mei M, Wang Y, Ren Y, Zhou X. Evolving landscape of PD-L2: bring new light to checkpoint immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2022; 128:1196-1207. [PMID: 36522474 PMCID: PMC10050415 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has revolutionized the landscape of multiple human cancer types, including head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), a PD-1 ligand, mediates cancer cell immune escape (or tolerance independent of PD-L1) and predicts poor prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory process of PD-L2 expression may stratify patients with HNSCC to benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In this review, we summarised the PD-L2 expression and its immune-dependent and independent functions in HNSCC and other solid tumours. We focused on recent findings on the mechanisms that regulate PD-L2 at the genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, also in intercellular communication of tumour microenvironment (TME). We also discussed the prospects of using small molecular agents indirectly targeting PD-L2 in cancer therapy. These findings may provide a notable avenue in developing novel and effective PD-L2-targeted therapeutic strategies for immune combination therapy and uncovering biomarkers that improve the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapies.
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17
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Xiang J, Shen J, Zhang L, Tang B. Identification and validation of senescence-related genes in circulating endothelial cells of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1057985. [PMID: 36582740 PMCID: PMC9792765 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1057985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main clinical cause of death and cardiovascular disease and thus has high rates of morbidity and mortality. The increase in cardiovascular disease with aging is partly the result of vascular endothelial cell senescence and associated vascular dysfunction. This study was performed to identify potential key cellular senescence-related genes (SRGs) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI using bioinformatics. Methods Using the CellAge database, we identified cellular SRGs. GSE66360 and GSE48060 for AMI patients and healthy controls and GSE19322 for mice were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE66360 dataset was divided into a training set and a validation set. The GSE48060 dataset was used as another validation set. The GSE19322 dataset was used to explore the evolution of the screened diagnostic markers in the dynamic process of AMI. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AMI were identified from the GSE66360 training set. Differentially expressed senescence-related genes (DESRGs) selected from SRGs and DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Hub genes in DESRGs were selected based on degree, and diagnostic genes were further screened by gene expression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, a miRNA-gene network of diagnostic genes was constructed and targeted drug prediction was performed. Results A total of 520 DEGs were screened from the GSE66360 training set, and 279 SRGs were identified from the CellAge database. The overlapping DEGs and SRGs constituted 14 DESRGs, including 4 senescence suppressor genes and 10 senescence inducible genes. The top 10 hub genes, including FOS, MMP9, CEBPB, CDKN1A, CXCL1, ETS2, BCL6, SGK1, ZFP36, and IGFBP3, were screened. Furthermore, three diagnostic genes were identified: MMP9, ETS2, and BCL6. The ROC analysis showed that the respective area under the curves (AUCs) of MMP9, ETS2, and BCL6 were 0.786, 0.848, and 0.852 in the GSE66360 validation set and 0.708, 0.791, and 0.727 in the GSE48060 dataset. In the GSE19322 dataset, MMP9 (AUC, 0.888) and ETS2 (AUC, 0.929) had very high diagnostic values in the early stage of AMI. Finally, based on these three diagnostic genes, we found that drugs such as acetylcysteine and genistein may be targeted for the treatment of age-related AMI. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that cellular SRGs might play an important role in AMI. MMP9, ETS2, and BCL6 have potential as specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Ling Zhang,
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,Department of Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China,*Correspondence: Baopeng Tang,
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18
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Gu H, He J, Li Y, Mi D, Guan T, Guo W, Liu B, Chen Y. B-cell Lymphoma 6 Inhibitors: Current Advances and Prospects of Drug Development for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15559-15583. [PMID: 36441945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcriptional repressor that regulates the differentiation of B lymphocytes and mediates the formation of germinal centers (GCs) by recruiting corepressors through the BTB domain of BCL6. Physiological processes regulated by BCL6 involve cell activation, differentiation, DNA damage, and apoptosis. BCL6 is highly expressed when the gene is mutated, leading to the malignant proliferation of cells and drives tumorigenesis. BCL6 overexpression is closely correlated with tumorigenesis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and other lymphomas, and BCL6 inhibitors can effectively inhibit some lymphomas and overcome resistance. Therefore, targeting BCL6 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating lymphomas. Herein, we comprehensively review the latest development of BCL6 inhibitors in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and discuss the overview of the pharmacophores of BCL6 inhibitors and their efficacies in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the current advances in BCL6 degraders are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Gu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jia He
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuzhan Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dazhao Mi
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tian Guan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weikai Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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McLachlan T, Matthews WC, Jackson ER, Staudt DE, Douglas AM, Findlay IJ, Persson ML, Duchatel RJ, Mannan A, Germon ZP, Dun MD. B-cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL6): From Master Regulator of Humoral Immunity to Oncogenic Driver in Pediatric Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1711-1723. [PMID: 36166198 PMCID: PMC9716245 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a protooncogene in adult and pediatric cancers, first identified in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) where it acts as a repressor of the tumor suppressor TP53, conferring survival, protection, and maintenance of lymphoma cells. BCL6 expression in normal B cells is fundamental in the regulation of humoral immunity, via initiation and maintenance of the germinal centers (GC). Its role in B cells during the production of high affinity immunoglobins (that recognize and bind specific antigens) is believed to underpin its function as an oncogene. BCL6 is known to drive the self-renewal capacity of leukemia-initiating cells (LIC), with high BCL6 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and glioblastoma (GBM) associated with disease progression and treatment resistance. The mechanisms underpinning BCL6-driven therapy resistance are yet to be uncovered; however, high activity is considered to confer poor prognosis in the clinical setting. BCL6's key binding partner, BCL6 corepressor (BCOR), is frequently mutated in pediatric cancers and appears to act in concert with BCL6. Using publicly available data, here we show that BCL6 is ubiquitously overexpressed in pediatric brain tumors, inversely to BCOR, highlighting the potential for targeting BCL6 in these often lethal and untreatable cancers. In this review, we summarize what is known of BCL6 (role, effect, mechanisms) in pediatric cancers, highlighting the two sides of BCL6 function, humoral immunity, and tumorigenesis, as well as to review BCL6 inhibitors and highlight areas of opportunity to improve the outcomes of patients with pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha McLachlan
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William C. Matthews
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Evangeline R. Jackson
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dilana E. Staudt
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alicia M. Douglas
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Izac J. Findlay
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mika L. Persson
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Duchatel
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abdul Mannan
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zacary P. Germon
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- University of Newcastle, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Corresponding Author: Matthew D. Dun, Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Level 3, Life Sciences Bldg, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Phone: 612-4921-5693; E-mail:
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20
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Tang K, Wang S, Gao W, Song Y, Yu B. Harnessing the cyclization strategy for new drug discovery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4309-4326. [PMID: 36562004 PMCID: PMC9764076 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of new ligands with high affinity and specificity against the targets of interest has been a central focus in drug discovery. As one of the most commonly used methods in drug discovery, the cyclization represents a feasible strategy to identify new lead compounds by increasing structural novelty, scaffold diversity and complexity. Such strategy could also be potentially used for the follow-on drug discovery without patent infringement. In recent years, the cyclization strategy has witnessed great success in the discovery of new lead compounds against different targets for treating various diseases. Herein, we first briefly summarize the use of the cyclization strategy in the discovery of new small-molecule lead compounds, including the proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) molecules. Particularly, we focus on four main strategies including fused ring cyclization, chain cyclization, spirocyclization and macrocyclization and highlight the use of the cyclization strategy in lead generation. Finally, the challenges including the synthetic intractability, relatively poor pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and the absence of the structural information for rational structure-based cyclization are also briefly discussed. We hope this review, not exhaustive, could provide a timely overview on the cyclization strategy for the discovery of new lead compounds.
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21
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Increased slow dynamics defines ligandability of BTB domains. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6989. [PMID: 36384931 PMCID: PMC9668832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient determination of protein ligandability, or the propensity to bind small-molecules, would greatly facilitate drug development for novel targets. Ligandability is currently assessed using computational methods that typically consider the static structural properties of putative binding sites or by experimental fragment screening. Here, we evaluate ligandability of conserved BTB domains from the cancer-relevant proteins LRF, KAISO, and MIZ1. Using fragment screening, we discover that MIZ1 binds multiple ligands. However, no ligands are uncovered for the structurally related KAISO or LRF. To understand the principles governing ligand-binding by BTB domains, we perform comprehensive NMR-based dynamics studies and find that only the MIZ1 BTB domain exhibits backbone µs-ms time scale motions. Interestingly, residues with elevated dynamics correspond to the binding site of fragment hits and recently defined HUWE1 interaction site. Our data argue that examining protein dynamics using NMR can contribute to identification of cryptic binding sites, and may support prediction of the ligandability of novel challenging targets.
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22
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Li K, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Feng J, Hu J, Chen J, Lian Z, Chen Y, Hu K, Chen Z, Cai Z, Liu M, Pang X. BCL6 is regulated by the MAPK/ELK1 axis and promotes KRAS-driven lung cancer. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:161308. [PMID: 36377663 PMCID: PMC9663163 DOI: 10.1172/jci161308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutational activation of KRAS is a common oncogenic event in lung cancer, yet effective therapies are still lacking. Here, we identify B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) as a lynchpin in KRAS-driven lung cancer. BCL6 expression was increased upon KRAS activation in lung tumor tissue in mice and was positively correlated with the expression of KRAS-GTP, the active form of KRAS, in various human cancer cell lines. Moreover, BCL6 was highly expressed in human KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas and was associated with poor patient survival. Mechanistically, the MAPK/ERK/ELK1 signaling axis downstream of mutant KRAS directly regulated BCL6 expression. BCL6 maintained the global expression of prereplication complex components; therefore, BCL6 inhibition induced stalling of the replication fork, leading to DNA damage and growth arrest in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells. Importantly, BCL6-specific knockout in lungs significantly reduced the tumor burden and mortality in the LSL-KrasG12D/+ lung cancer mouse model. Likewise, pharmacological inhibition of BCL6 significantly impeded the growth of KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our findings reveal a crucial role of BCL6 in promoting KRAS-addicted lung cancer and suggest BCL6 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
- Joint Translational Science and Technology Research Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Yi Ding
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Zhengke Lian
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Hu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
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23
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Lee KR, Lee JO, Lee JS, Paik JH. Bcl-6-dependent risk stratification by nuclear expression of Peli1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Cancer 2022; 13:3598-3605. [PMID: 36606193 PMCID: PMC9809313 DOI: 10.7150/jca.67569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Peli1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involving lymphomagenesis by lysine 63 ubiquitination-mediated stabilization of Bcl-6 with in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Materials and Methods: We categorized nuclear expression of Peli1 according to Bcl-6 status by immunohistochemistry in DLBCL (n=100), and analyzed clinicopathologic association with prognosis. Results: We established Bcl-6/Peli1 risk model composed of high risk (Bcl-6+/Peli1+ or Bcl-6-/Peli1-; n=64) and low risk (Bcl-6+/Peli1- or Bcl-6-/Peli1+; n=36). High risk group had more frequent non-GCB subtype (83% vs 64%; p=0.033) and Bcl-6-negativity (69% vs 28%; p<0.001) than low risk group. Univariate survival analysis for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) revealed Bcl-6/Peli1 risk group (p=0.026 and p=0.021) and other conventional variables including international prognostic index (IPI), stage, ECOG performance status, number of extranodal sites were significant prognostic factors, along with B symptoms for OS. In multivariate analysis for PFS, Bcl-6/Peli1 risk group (p=0.032; HR=3.29), IPI (p=0.013; HR=3.39) and ECOG PS (p=0.035; HR=3.08) were independent prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis for OS, Bcl-6/Peli1 risk group (p=0.048; HR=7.87) and IPI (p=0.001; HR=12.15) were associated with prognosis. Conclusions: DLBCL had distinctive risk groups according to pairs of nuclear Peli1 and Bcl-6 expression. These results suggest the potential role of Peli1 and Bcl-6 in risk assessment in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Rim Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Paik
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,✉ Corresponding author: Jin Ho Paik, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, South Korea. Tel.: +82-31-787-7717; Fax: +82-31-787-4012; E-mail:
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24
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Pierrat OA, Liu M, Collie GW, Shetty K, Rodrigues MJ, Le Bihan YV, Gunnell EA, McAndrew PC, Stubbs M, Rowlands MG, Yahya N, Shehu E, Talbot R, Pickard L, Bellenie BR, Cheung KMJ, Drouin L, Innocenti P, Woodward H, Davis OA, Lloyd MG, Varela A, Huckvale R, Broccatelli F, Carter M, Galiwango D, Hayes A, Raynaud FI, Bryant C, Whittaker S, Rossanese OW, Hoelder S, Burke R, van Montfort RLM. Discovering cell-active BCL6 inhibitors: effectively combining biochemical HTS with multiple biophysical techniques, X-ray crystallography and cell-based assays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18633. [PMID: 36329085 PMCID: PMC9633773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
By suppressing gene transcription through the recruitment of corepressor proteins, B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) protein controls a transcriptional network required for the formation and maintenance of B-cell germinal centres. As BCL6 deregulation is implicated in the development of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, we sought to discover novel small molecule inhibitors that disrupt the BCL6-corepressor protein-protein interaction (PPI). Here we report our hit finding and compound optimisation strategies, which provide insight into the multi-faceted orthogonal approaches that are needed to tackle this challenging PPI with small molecule inhibitors. Using a 1536-well plate fluorescence polarisation high throughput screen we identified multiple hit series, which were followed up by hit confirmation using a thermal shift assay, surface plasmon resonance and ligand-observed NMR. We determined X-ray structures of BCL6 bound to compounds from nine different series, enabling a structure-based drug design approach to improve their weak biochemical potency. We developed a time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer biochemical assay and a nano bioluminescence resonance energy transfer cellular assay to monitor cellular activity during compound optimisation. This workflow led to the discovery of novel inhibitors with respective biochemical and cellular potencies (IC50s) in the sub-micromolar and low micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier A Pierrat
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Manjuan Liu
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Gavin W Collie
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kartika Shetty
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Matthew J Rodrigues
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Yann-Vaï Le Bihan
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Emma A Gunnell
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - P Craig McAndrew
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Mark Stubbs
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Martin G Rowlands
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Norhakim Yahya
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Erald Shehu
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rachel Talbot
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lisa Pickard
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Benjamin R Bellenie
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Kwai-Ming J Cheung
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ludovic Drouin
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Hannah Woodward
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Owen A Davis
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Matthew G Lloyd
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ana Varela
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rosemary Huckvale
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Fabio Broccatelli
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Michael Carter
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - David Galiwango
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Florence I Raynaud
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Christopher Bryant
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Steven Whittaker
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Olivia W Rossanese
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Swen Hoelder
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Rob L M van Montfort
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
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25
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Typical Enhancers, Super-Enhancers, and Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184375. [PMID: 36139535 PMCID: PMC9496678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cancer genome has been exhaustively studied upon the advent of Next-Generation Sequencing technologies. Coding and non-coding sequences have been defined as hotspots of genomic variations that affect the naïve gene expression programs established in normal cells, thus working as endogenous drivers of carcinogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize fundamental aspects of gene expression regulation, with emphasis on the impact of sequence and structural variations mapped across non-coding cis-acting elements of genes encoding for tumor-related transcription factors. Chromatin architecture, epigenome reprogramming, transcriptional enhancers and Super-enhancers, oncogene regulation, cutting-edge technologies, and pharmacological treatment are substantially highlighted. Abstract Non-coding segments of the human genome are enriched in cis-regulatory modules that constitute functional elements, such as transcriptional enhancers and Super-enhancers. A hallmark of cancer pathogenesis is the dramatic dysregulation of the “archetype” gene expression profiles of normal human cells. Genomic variations can promote such deficiencies when occurring across enhancers and Super-enhancers, since they affect their mechanistic principles, their functional capacity and specificity, and the epigenomic features of the chromatin microenvironment across which these regulatory elements reside. Here, we comprehensively describe: fundamental mechanisms of gene expression dysregulation in cancers that involve genomic abnormalities within enhancers’ and Super-enhancers’ (SEs) sequences, which alter the expression of oncogenic transcription factors (TFs); cutting-edge technologies applied for the analysis of variation-enriched hotspots of the cancer genome; and pharmacological approaches for the treatment of Super-enhancers’ aberrant function. Finally, we provide an intratumor meta-analysis, which highlights that genomic variations in transcription-factor-driven tumors are accompanied overexpression of genes, a portion of which encodes for additional cancer-related transcription factors.
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26
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Fan Y, Li X, Sun H, Gao Z, Zhu Z, Yuan K. Role of WTAP in Cancer: From Mechanisms to the Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091224. [PMID: 36139062 PMCID: PMC9496264 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) is required for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation modifications, which regulate biological processes such as RNA splicing, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and embryonic development. m6A is the predominant form of mRNA modification in eukaryotes. WTAP exerts m6A modification by binding to methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in the nucleus to form the METTL3-methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14)-WTAP (MMW) complex, a core component of the methyltransferase complex (MTC), and localizing to the nuclear patches. Studies have demonstrated that WTAP plays a critical role in various cancers, both dependent and independent of its role in m6A modification of methyltransferases. Here, we describe the recent findings on the structural features of WTAP, the mechanisms by which WTAP regulates the biological functions, and the molecular mechanisms of its functions in various cancers. By summarizing the latest WTAP research, we expect to provide new directions and insights for oncology research and discover new targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 1 People’s Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zhaojia Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
- Correspondence:
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27
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Intratumoral Niches of B Cells and Follicular Helper T Cells, and the Absence of Regulatory T Cells, Associate with Longer Survival in Early-Stage Oral Tongue Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174298. [PMID: 36077836 PMCID: PMC9454508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the occurrence of clusters between CD20 B cells and CD4 T cells in the invasive margin (IM) can be captured by using the CD20 cluster score, and is positively associated with patient survival. However, the exact contribution of different CD4 T cell subsets, as well as B cell subsets toward patient prognosis is largely unknown. To this end, we studied regulatory T cells ((Treg cells) FOXP3 and CD4), T helper-type 1 cells ((Th1 cells) Tbet and CD4), follicular helper T cells ((Tfh cells) Bcl6 and CD4), B cells (CD20), germinal center B cells ((GC B cells) BCL6 and CD20), and follicular dendritic cells ((fDCs) CD21) for their density, location, and interspacing using multiplex in situ immunofluorescence of 75 treatment-naïve, primary OSCC patients. We observed that Treg, Th1-, Tfh-, and GC B cells, but not fDCs, were abundantly present in the stroma as compared with the tumor, and in the IM as compared with in the center of the tumor. Patients with high CD20 cluster scores had a high density of all three CD4 T cell subsets and GC B cells in the stromal IM as compared with patients with low CD20 cluster scores. Notably, enriched abundance of Tfh cells (HR 0.20, p = 0.04), and diminished abundance of Treg cells (HR 0.10, p = 0.03), together with an overall short distance between Tfh and B cells (HR:0.08, p < 0.01), but not between Treg and B cells (HR 0.43, p = 0.28), were significantly associated with overall survival of patients with OSCC. Our study identified the prognostic value of clusters between CD20 B cells and Tfh cells in the stromal IM of OSCC patients, and enabled an improved understanding of the clinical value of a high CD20 cluster score, which requires validation in larger clinical cohorts.
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Aberrant transcription factors in the cancers of the pancreas. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:28-45. [PMID: 36058426 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are essential for proper activation of gene set during the process of organogenesis, differentiation, lineage specificity. Reactivation or dysregulation of TFs regulatory networks could lead to deformation of organs, diseases including various malignancies. Currently, understanding the mechanism of oncogenesis became necessity for the development of targeted therapeutic strategy for different cancer types. It is evident that many TFs go awry in cancers of the pancreas such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). These mutated or dysregulated TFs abnormally controls various signaling pathways in PDAC and PanNENs including RTK, PI3K-PTEN-AKT-mTOR, JNK, TGF-β/SMAD, WNT/β-catenin, SHH, NOTCH and VEGF which in turn regulate different hallmarks of cancer. Aberrant regulation of such pathways have been linked to the initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance in pancreatic cancer. As of today, a number of TFs has been identified as crucial regulators of pancreatic cancer and a handful of them shown to have potential as therapeutic targets in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the role and therapeutic usefulness of TFs in PDAC and PanNENs.
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Chen L, Liu Z, Tang H, Zhou Z, Chen J, Ma Z, Deng M, Li X, Wu Y, Zheng L, Zhou L, Zheng X, Liu Z. Knockdown of ZBTB11 impedes R‐loop elimination and increases the sensitivity to cisplatin by inhibiting DDX1 transcription in bladder cancer. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13325. [DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Zefu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Zhaohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Zikun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Minhua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Lisi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Liwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Xianchong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou China
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Tsuzuki S, Yasuda T, Goto H, Maeda N, Akahane K, Inukai T, Yamamoto H, Karnan S, Ota A, Hyodo T, Konishi H, Hosokawa Y, Kiyoi H, Hayakawa F. BCL6 inhibition ameliorates resistance to ruxolitinib in CRLF2-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2022; 108:394-408. [PMID: 36005560 PMCID: PMC9890033 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.280879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is an intractable disease and most cases harbor genetic alterations that activate JAK or ABL signaling. The commonest subtype of Ph-like ALL exhibits a CRLF2 gene rearrangement that brings about JAK1/2-STAT5 pathway activation. However, JAK1/2 inhibition alone is insufficient as a treatment, so combinatorial therapies targeting multiple signals are needed. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the insufficient efficacy of JAK inhibition, we explored gene expression changes upon treatment with a JAK1/2 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) and found that elevated BCL6 expression was one such mechanism. Upregulated BCL6 suppressed the expression of TP53 along with its downstream cell cycle inhibitor p21 (CDKN2A) and pro-apoptotic molecules, such as FAS, TNFRSF10B, BID, BAX, BAK, PUMA, and NOXA, conferring cells some degree of resistance to therapy. BCL6 inhibition (with FX1) alone was able to upregulate TP53 and restore the TP53 expression that ruxolitinib had diminished. In addition, ruxolitinib and FX1 concertedly downregulated MYC. As a result, FX1 treatment alone had growth-inhibitory and apoptosis- sensitizing effects, but the combination of ruxolitinib and FX1 more potently inhibited leukemia cell growth, enhanced apoptosis sensitivity, and prolonged the survival of xenografted mice. These findings provide one mechanism for the insufficiency of JAK inhibition for the treatment of CRLF2-rearranged ALL and indicate BCL6 inhibition as a potentially helpful adjunctive therapy combined with JAK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi.
| | - Takahiko Yasuda
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa
| | - Naoko Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Sivasundaram Karnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi
| | - Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Division of Cellular and Genetic Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhou K, Ling X, Zhang J, Wu P, Zhang T, Xie K, Dai G. miRNA-10a-5p Targeting the BCL6 Gene Regulates Proliferation, Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chicken Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179545. [PMID: 36076940 PMCID: PMC9455618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are three essential stages in cell development, and miRNAs can achieve extensive regulation of cellular developmental processes by repressing the expression of target genes. According to our previous RNA-seq results, miRNA-10a-5p was differentially expressed at different periods in chicken myoblasts, revealing a possible association with muscle development. In this study, we concluded that miRNA-10a-5p inhibited chicken myoblasts’ proliferation and differentiation and promoted chicken myoblasts’ apoptosis by directly targeting BCL6, a critical transcription factor involved in muscle development and regeneration. Overexpression of BCL6 significantly facilitated myoblasts’ proliferation and differentiation and suppressed myoblasts’ apoptosis. On the contrary, knockdown of BCL6 significantly repressed myoblasts’ proliferation and differentiation and induced myoblasts’ apoptosis. The results above suggest that miRNA-10a-5p plays a potential role in skeletal muscle growth, development and autophagy by targeting the BCL6 gene. We first revealed the functions of miRNA-10a-5p and BCL6 in the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of chicken myoblasts.
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Roles of lncRNA LVBU in regulating urea cycle/polyamine synthesis axis to promote colorectal carcinoma progression. Oncogene 2022; 41:4231-4243. [PMID: 35906392 PMCID: PMC9439952 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of Urea Cycle (UC) enzymes occurs in many tumors, resulting a metabolic hallmark termed as UC dysregulation. Polyamines are synthesized from ornithine, and polyamine synthetic genes are elevated in various tumors. However, the underlying deregulations of UC/ polyamine synthesis in cancer remain elusive. Here, we characterized a hypoxia-induced lncRNA LVBU (lncRNA regulation via BCL6/urea cycle) that is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and correlates with poor cancer prognosis. Increased LVBU expression promoted CRC cells proliferation, foci formation and tumorigenesis. Further, LVBU regulates urea cycle and polyamine synthesis through BCL6, a negative regulator of p53. Mechanistically, overexpression of LVBU competitively bound miR-10a/miR-34c to protect BCL6 from miR-10a/34c-mediated degradation, which in turn allows BCL6 to block p53-mediated suppression of genes (arginase1 ARG1, ornithine transcarbamylase OTC, ornithine decarboxylase 1 ODC1) involved in UC/polyamine synthesis. Significantly, ODC1 inhibitor attenuated the growth of patient derived xenografts (PDX) that sustain high LVBU levels. Taken together, elevated LVBU can regulate BCL6-p53 signaling axis for systemic UC/polyamine synthesis reprogramming and confers a predilection toward CRC development. Our data demonstrates that further drug development and clinical evaluation of inhibiting UC/polyamine synthesis are warranted for CRC patients with high expression of LVBU.
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Morgan RC, Kee BL. Genomic and Transcriptional Mechanisms Governing Innate-like T Lymphocyte Development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:208-216. [PMID: 35821098 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Innate-like lymphocytes are a subset of lymphoid cells that function as a first line of defense against microbial infection. These cells are activated by proinflammatory cytokines or broadly expressed receptors and are able to rapidly perform their effector functions owing to a uniquely primed chromatin state that is acquired as a part of their developmental program. These cells function in many organs to protect against disease, but they release cytokines and cytotoxic mediators that can also lead to severe tissue pathologies. Therefore, harnessing the capabilities of these cells for therapeutic interventions will require a deep understanding of how these cells develop and regulate their effector functions. In this review we discuss recent advances in the identification of the transcription factors and the genomic regions that guide the development and function of invariant NKT cells and we highlight related mechanisms in other innate-like lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxroy C Morgan
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Barbara L Kee
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Sheerin D, Abhimanyu, Peton N, Vo W, Allison CC, Wang X, Johnson WE, Coussens AK. Immunopathogenic overlap between COVID-19 and tuberculosis identified from transcriptomic meta-analysis and human macrophage infection. iScience 2022; 25:104464. [PMID: 35634577 PMCID: PMC9130411 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current and previous tuberculosis (TB) increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality and severe disease. To identify mechanisms of immunopathogenic interaction between COVID-19 and TB, we performed a systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis of COVID-19 transcriptomic signatures, spanning disease severity, from whole blood, PBMCs, and BALF. 35 eligible signatures were profiled on 1181 RNA-seq samples from 853 individuals across the spectrum of TB infection. Thirteen COVID-19 gene-signatures had significantly higher "COVID-19 risk scores" in active TB and latent TB progressors compared with non-progressors and uninfected controls (p<0·005), in three independent cohorts. Integrative single-cell-RNAseq analysis identified FCN1- and SPP1-expressing macrophages enriched in severe COVID-19 BALF and active TB blood. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction networks identified 12-gene disease-exacerbation hot spots between COVID-19 and TB. Finally, we in vitro validated that SARS-CoV-2 infection is increased in human macrophages cultured in the inflammatory milieu of Mtb-infected macrophages, correlating with TMPRSS2, IFNA1, IFNB1, IFNG, TNF, and IL1B induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Sheerin
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3279, VIC, Australia
| | - Abhimanyu
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Nashied Peton
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3279, VIC, Australia
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Western Cape, South Africa
| | - William Vo
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3279, VIC, Australia
| | - Cody Charles Allison
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3279, VIC, Australia
| | - Xutao Wang
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - W. Evan Johnson
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anna Kathleen Coussens
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3279, VIC, Australia
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925 Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
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Louwen F, Kreis NN, Ritter A, Friemel A, Solbach C, Yuan J. BCL6, a key oncogene, in the placenta, pre-eclampsia and endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:890-909. [PMID: 35640966 PMCID: PMC9629482 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key oncogene B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) drives malignant progression by promoting proliferation, overriding DNA damage checkpoints and blocking cell terminal differentiation. However, its functions in the placenta and the endometrium remain to be defined. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Recent studies provide evidence that BCL6 may play various roles in the human placenta and the endometrium. Deregulated BCL6 might be related to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) as well as endometriosis. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the pathophysiological role of BCL6 in these two reproductive organs, discuss related molecular mechanisms, and underline associated research perspectives. SEARCH METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed for human, animal and cellular studies published until October 2021 in the following areas: BCL6 in the placenta, in PE and in endometriosis, in combination with its functions in proliferation, fusion, migration, invasion, differentiation, stem/progenitor cell maintenance and lineage commitment. OUTCOMES The data demonstrate that BCL6 is important in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and invasion of trophoblastic cells. BCL6 may have critical roles in stem/progenitor cell survival and differentiation in the placenta and the endometrium. BCL6 is aberrantly upregulated in pre-eclamptic placentas and endometriotic lesions through various mechanisms, including changes in gene transcription and mRNA translation as well as post-transcriptional/translational modifications. Importantly, increased endometrial BCL6 is considered to be a non-invasive diagnostic marker for endometriosis and a predictor for poor outcomes of IVF. These data highlight that BCL6 is crucial for placental development and endometrium homeostasis, and its upregulation is associated with the pathogenesis of PE, endometriosis and infertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The lesson learned from studies of the key oncogene BCL6 reinforces the notion that numerous signaling pathways and regulators are shared by tumors and reproductive organs. Their alteration may promote the progression of malignancies as well as the development of gestational and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Louwen
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Ritter
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Krug A, Tari G, Saidane A, Gaulard P, Ricci JE, Lemonnier F, Verhoeyen E. Novel T Follicular Helper-like T-Cell Lymphoma Therapies: From Preclinical Evaluation to Clinical Reality. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102392. [PMID: 35625998 PMCID: PMC9139536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This work reviews the multiple efforts that have been and are being invested by researchers as well as clinicians to improve the treatment of a specific T-cell lymphoma called follicular helper peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Still, though treatments for B-cell lymphomas have improved, this particular T-cell lymphoma has little to no new therapeutic options that show marked improvements in the survival of the patients compared to treatment with chemotherapy. We report here the evaluation of targeted new therapies for this T-cell lymphoma in new preclinical models for this cancer or in clinical trials with the objective to offer better (combination) treatment options. Abstract The classification of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) is constantly changing and contains multiple subtypes. Here, we focus on Tfh-like PTCL, to which angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) belongs, according to the last WHO classification. The first-line treatment of these malignancies still relies on chemotherapy but gives very unsatisfying results for these patients. Enormous progress in the last decade in terms of understanding the implicated genetic mutations leading to signaling and epigenetic pathway deregulation in Tfh PTCL allowed the research community to propose new therapeutic approaches. These findings point towards new biomarkers and new therapies, including hypomethylating agents, such as azacytidine, and inhibitors of the TCR-hyperactivating molecules in Tfh PTCL. Additionally, metabolic interference, inhibitors of the NF-κB and PI3K-mTOR pathways and possibly novel immunotherapies, such as antibodies and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) directed against Tfh malignant T-cell surface markers, are discussed in this review among other new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Krug
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; (A.K.); (A.S.); (J.-E.R.)
| | - Gamze Tari
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Aymen Saidane
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; (A.K.); (A.S.); (J.-E.R.)
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Département de Pathologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; (A.K.); (A.S.); (J.-E.R.)
| | - François Lemonnier
- Service Unité Hémopathies Lymphoides, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France;
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; (A.K.); (A.S.); (J.-E.R.)
- CIRI, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, ENS de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +33-4-72728731
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Liu Y, Feng J, Yuan K, Wu Z, Hu L, Lu Y, Li K, Guo J, Chen J, Ma C, Pang X. The oncoprotein BCL6 enables solid tumor cells to evade genotoxic stress. eLife 2022; 11:69255. [PMID: 35503721 PMCID: PMC9064299 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic agents remain the mainstay of cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the clinical benefits are often countered by a rapid tumor adaptive response. Here, we report that the oncoprotein B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a core component that confers solid tumor adaptive resistance to genotoxic stress. Multiple genotoxic agents promoted BCL6 transactivation, which was positively correlated with a weakened therapeutic efficacy and a worse clinical outcome. Mechanistically, we discovered that treatment with the genotoxic agent etoposide led to the transcriptional reprogramming of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, among which the interferon-α and interferon-γ responses were substantially enriched in resistant cells. Our results further revealed that the activation of interferon/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 axis directly upregulated BCL6 expression. The increased expression of BCL6 further repressed the tumor suppressor PTEN and consequently enabled resistant cancer cell survival. Accordingly, targeted inhibition of BCL6 remarkably enhanced etoposide-triggered DNA damage and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings highlight the importance of BCL6 signaling in conquering solid tumor tolerance to genotoxic stress, further establishing a rationale for a combined approach with genotoxic agents and BCL6-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengzhen Wu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longmiao Hu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Li
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chengbin Ma
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Gordon MJ, Westin JR. Fitting double-hit lymphoma into the aggressive lymphoma spectrum: a square peg in a round hole? Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1034-1044. [PMID: 34842019 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2008383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements or both, commonly called double-hit lymphoma (DHL), is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that is molecularly distinct from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and is associated with poor outcomes. Recent advances in the molecular classification of DLBCL have identified distinct subsets, including genetic signatures which correlate with DHL and survival. DHL with concomitant TP53 mutation appears to be associated with a very poor prognosis. Standard chemo-immunotherapy is not an effective treatment for these patients and personalized, innovative strategies are needed. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the subclassification of DLBCL, with a focus on DHL. We also incorporate early, promising clinical trial data using CAR T and targeted therapies. Rationally designed clinical trials for DLBCL are needed to advance the care of patients with DHL and other adverse risk DLBCL subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J Gordon
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason R Westin
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Yan Z, Ao X, Liang X, Chen Z, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang D, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhu J, Zhou S, Zhou P, Gu Y. Transcriptional inhibition of miR-486-3p by BCL6 upregulates Snail and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition during radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:104. [PMID: 35484551 PMCID: PMC9052631 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce pulmonary fibrosis by causing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), but the exact mechanism has not been elucidated. To investigate the molecular mechanism of how radiation induces pulmonary fibrosis by altering miR-486-3p content and thus inducing EMT. Methods The changes of miR-486-3p in cells after irradiation were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the changes of cellular epithelial marker protein E-cadherin, mesenchymal marker N-cadherin, Vimentin and other proteins. The target gene of miR-486-3p was predicted by bioinformatics method and the binding site was verified by dual luciferase reporter system. In vivo experiments, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to carry miR-486-3p mimic to lung. Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) model was constructed by 25Gy60Co γ-rays. The structural changes of mouse lung were observed by HE and Masson staining. The expression of relevant proteins in mice was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results IR could decrease the miR-486-3p levels in vitro and in vivo, and that effect was closely correlated to the occurrence of RIPF. The expression of Snail, which induces EMT, was shown to be restrained by miR-486-3p. Therefore, knockdown of Snail blocked the EMT process induced by radiation or knockdown of miR-486-3p. In addition, the molecular mechanism underlying the IR-induced miRNA level reduction was explored. The increased in BCL6 could inhibit the formation of pri-miR-486-3p, thereby reducing the levels of miR-486-3p in the alveolar epithelial cells, which would otherwise promote EMT and contribute to RIPF by targeting Snail. Conclusion IR can exacerbate RIPF in mice by activating the transcription factor BCL6, which inhibits the transcription of miR-486-3p and decreases its content, which in turn increases the content of the target gene slug and triggers EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxin Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaochang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China. .,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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40
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De Santis F, Romero-Cordoba SL, Castagnoli L, Volpari T, Faraci S, Fucà G, Tagliabue E, De Braud F, Pupa SM, Di Nicola M. BCL6 and the Notch pathway: a signaling axis leading to a novel druggable biotarget in triple negative breast cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:257-274. [PMID: 35357654 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is dysregulated in several neoplasms, but its role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype which lacks effective treatment, is unclear. The presence of intratumoral cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a main cause of tumor relapse. The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for regulating CSC self-renewal and promoting breast cancer (BC) development and resistance to anticancer therapies. Here, we investigated signaling cascades of BCL6 in the CSC compartment of TNBCs, and the mechanisms that govern its activity, mainly through Notch signaling. METHODS Gene expression, somatic copy number alterations and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and METABRIC were accessed through the Xena and cbioportal browsers. Public transcriptome profiles from TNBC datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Mammosphere formation efficiency was calculated after BCL6 knockdown via transient siRNA transfection, stable silencing or pharmacological inhibition. The effects exhibited via BCL6 inhibition in putative TNBC stem-like cells were evaluated by immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analyses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to validate a putative BCL6 responsive element located in the first intron of the Numb gene and to define the circuit of corepressors engaged by BCL6 following its inhibition. Immunoprecipitation assays were carried out to investigate a novel interaction at the basis of BCL6 control of CSC activity in TNBC. RESULTS In silico analyses of benchmarked public datasets revealed a significant enrichment of BCL6 in cancer stemness related pathways, particularly of Notch signaling in TNBC. In vitro stable inhibition of BCL6 significantly reduced tumor cell growth and, accordingly, we found that the mammosphere formation efficiency of BCL6 silenced cells was significantly impaired by pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling. BCL6 was found to be expressed at significantly higher levels in TNBC mammospheres than in their adherent counterparts, and loss of BCL6 function significantly decreased mammosphere formation with preferential targeting of CD44-positive versus ALDH-positive stem-like cells. Functional interplay between BCL6 and the chromatin remodeling factor EZH2 triggered the BCL6/Notch stemness signaling axis via inhibition of Numb transcription. CONCLUSIONS Our results may be instrumental for the prospective design of combination treatment strategies that selectively target novel TNBC-associated biomarker(s) whose activity is implicated in the regulation of cancer stemness (such as BCL6) and molecules in developmentally conserved signaling pathways (such as Notch) to achieve long-lasting tumor control and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Santis
- Unit of Immunotherapy and Anticancer Innovative Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra L Romero-Cordoba
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Castagnoli
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Volpari
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simona Faraci
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Unit of Immunotherapy and Anticancer Innovative Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo De Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Oncohematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serenella M Pupa
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Nicola
- Unit of Immunotherapy and Anticancer Innovative Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology Fondazione, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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41
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Pei H, Guo W, Peng Y, Xiong H, Chen Y. Targeting key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation for cancer therapy: Current strategies and future prospective. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1607-1660. [PMID: 35312190 DOI: 10.1002/med.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation play convergent roles in cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction mediates aberrant gene expressions that underline the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. As tumor progression is dependent on such abnormal regulation of transcription, it is important to discover novel chemical entities as antitumor drugs that target key tumor-associated proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. Despite most key proteins (especially transcription factors) involved in transcriptional regulation are historically recognized as undruggable targets, multiple targeting approaches at diverse levels of transcriptional regulation, such as epigenetic intervention, inhibition of DNA-binding of transcriptional factors, and inhibition of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs), have been established in preclinically or clinically studies. In addition, several new approaches have recently been described, such as targeting proteasomal degradation and eliciting synthetic lethality. This review will emphasize on accentuating these developing therapeutic approaches and provide a thorough conspectus of the drug development to target key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and their impact on future oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Pei
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikai Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yangrui Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Irawan C, Iskandar M, Harahap AS, Rumende CM, Ham MF. MUM1 Expression versus Hans Algorithm to Predict Prognosis in Indonesian Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients Receiving R-CHOP. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:925-935. [PMID: 35256863 PMCID: PMC8898019 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s345745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment response in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is heterogenous. The Hans algorithm (using 30% cut-offs for CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 protein expression) has been the most favored method to categorize DLBCL into germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes in order to predict prognosis. However, the algorithm’s ability to prognosticate is not always consistent. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted on DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP therapy at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta from 2014 to 2017. We aimed to compare the prognostic value of Hans algorithm as well as the protein levels of CD10, BCL6, MUM1, and Ki67 at different cut-offs. Ninety-two patients were classified based on Hans algorithm and various proteins at different cut-off values were analyzed with regard to event-free survival at 24 months using survival analysis. The cut-off values were then compared using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results A significant survival difference was observed with MUM1 expression cut-off of 50% or more (log rank p = 0.035). CD10, BCL6, Ki67, and Hans algorithm showed AUCs below or near 0.5 (0.405, 0.436, 0.498, and 0.413, respectively), whereas MUM1 showed an AUC of 0.835, in predicting events within 24 months. MUM-1 cut-off of 70.5% yielded an optimal trade-off for sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion MUM1 expression of 50% or more can help predict prognosis in DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP therapy and can be considered as for use as a single marker to predict prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosphiadi Irawan
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Martha Iskandar
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Martha Iskandar, Tel +628161924095, Email
| | - Agnes Stephanie Harahap
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Cleopas Martin Rumende
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Maria Francisca Ham
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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43
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Venkatadri R, Sabapathy V, Dogan M, Mohammad S, Harvey S, Simpson SR, Grayson J, Yan N, Perrino FW, Sharma R. Targeting Bcl6 in the TREX1 D18N murine model ameliorates autoimmunity by modulating T follicular helper cells and Germinal center B cells. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:825-834. [PMID: 35112355 PMCID: PMC9089306 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Three Prime Repair EXonuclease I (TREX1) is critical for degrading post‐apoptosis DNA. Mice expressing catalytically inactive TREX1 (TREX1 D18N) develop lupus‐like autoimmunity due to chronic sensing of undegraded TREX1 DNA substrates, production of the inflammatory cytokines, and the inappropriate activation of innate and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to investigate Thelper (Th) dysregulation in the TREX1 D18N model system as a potential mechanism for lupus‐like autoimmunity. Comparison of immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes (LNs) between TREX1 D18N mice and the TREX1 null mice revealed that the TREX1 D18N mice exhibit a Th1 bias. Additionally, the T‐follicular helper cells (Tfh) and the germinal celter (GC) B cells were also elevated in the TREX1 D18N mice. Targeting Bcl6, a lineage‐defining transcription factor for Tfh and GC B cells, with a commercially available Bcl6 inhibitor, FX1, attenuated Tfh, GC, and Th1 responses, and rescued TREX1 D18N mice from autoimmunity. The study presents Tfh and GC B‐cell responses as potential targets in autoimmunity and that Bcl6 inhibitors may offer therapeutic approach in TREX1‐associated or other lupus‐like diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Murat Dogan
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott Harvey
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sean R Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jason Grayson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Fred W Perrino
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Pouryahya M, Oh JH, Mathews JC, Belkhatir Z, Moosmüller C, Deasy JO, Tannenbaum AR. Pan-Cancer Prediction of Cell-Line Drug Sensitivity Using Network-Based Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031074. [PMID: 35163005 PMCID: PMC8835038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of reliable predictive models for individual cancer cell lines to identify an optimal cancer drug is a crucial step to accelerate personalized medicine, but vast differences in cancer cell lines and drug characteristics make it quite challenging to develop predictive models that result in high predictive power and explain the similarity of cell lines or drugs. Our study proposes a novel network-based methodology that breaks the problem into smaller, more interpretable problems to improve the predictive power of anti-cancer drug responses in cell lines. For the drug-sensitivity study, we used the GDSC database for 915 cell lines and 200 drugs. The theory of optimal mass transport was first used to separately cluster cell lines and drugs, using gene-expression profiles and extensive cheminformatic drug features, represented in a form of data networks. To predict cell-line specific drug responses, random forest regression modeling was separately performed for each cell-line drug cluster pair. Post-modeling biological analysis was further performed to identify potential biological correlates associated with drug responses. The network-based clustering method resulted in 30 distinct cell-line drug cluster pairs. Predictive modeling on each cell-line-drug cluster outperformed alternative computational methods in predicting drug responses. We found that among the four drugs top-ranked with respect to prediction performance, three targeted the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. Predictive modeling on clustered subsets of cell lines and drugs improved the prediction accuracy of cell-line specific drug responses. Post-modeling analysis identified plausible biological processes associated with drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pouryahya
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (J.C.M.); (J.O.D.)
| | - Jung Hun Oh
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (J.C.M.); (J.O.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - James C. Mathews
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (J.C.M.); (J.O.D.)
| | - Zehor Belkhatir
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Caroline Moosmüller
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Joseph O. Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (J.C.M.); (J.O.D.)
| | - Allen R. Tannenbaum
- Departments of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
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Xing Y, Guo W, Wu M, Xie J, Huang D, Hu P, Zhou M, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Wang P, Wang X, Wang G, Wu H, Zhou C, Chen Y, Liu M, Yi Z, Sun Z. An orally available small molecule BCL6 inhibitor effectively suppresses diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2022; 529:100-111. [PMID: 34990752 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is an oncogenic driver of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mediates lymphomagenesis through transcriptional repression of its target genes by recruiting corepressors to its N-terminal broad-complex/tramtrack/bric-a-brac (BTB) domain. Blocking the protein-protein interactions of BCL6 and its corepressors has been proposed as an effective approach for the treatment of DLBCL. However, BCL6 inhibitors with excellent drug-like properties are rare. Hence, the development of BCL6 inhibitors is worth pursuing. We screened our internal chemical library by luciferase reporter assay and Homogenous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) assay and a small molecule compound named WK500B was identified. WK500B engaged BCL6 inside cells, blocked BCL6 repression complexes, reactivated BCL6 target genes, killed DLBCL cells and caused apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest. In animal models, WK500B inhibited germinal center (GC) formation and DLBCL tumour growth without toxic and side effects. Moreover, WK500B displayed strong efficacy and favourable pharmacokinetics and presented superior druggability. Therefore, WK500B is a promising candidate that could be developed as an effective orally available therapeutic agent for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Xing
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Weikai Guo
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuqing Xie
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Huang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Hu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoran Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Peili Wang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cili Zhou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China; East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China; East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Zhenliang Sun
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 201499, Shanghai, China; East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Dai M, Radhakrishnan S, Li R, Tan R, Yan K, Fan G, Liu M. Targeted Protein Degradation: An Important Tool for Drug Discovery for "Undruggable" Tumor Transcription Factors. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221095950. [PMID: 35466792 PMCID: PMC9047787 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221095950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional small-molecule drugs (SMDs) are compounds characterized by low
molecular weight, high cell permeability, and high selectivity. In clinical
translation, SMDs are regarded as good candidates for oral drug formulation. SMD
inhibitors play an important role in cancer treatment; however, resistance and
low effectiveness have been major bottlenecks in clinical application.
Generally, only 20% of cell proteins can potentially be targeted and have been
developed as SMDs; thus, some types of tumor targets are considered
“undruggable.” Among these are transcription factors (TFs), an important class
of proteins that regulate the occurrence, formation, and development of tumors.
It is difficult for SMDs and macromolecular drugs to identify bioactive sites in
TFs and hence for use as pharmacological inhibitors in targeting TF proteins.
For this reason, technologies that enable targeted protein degradation, such as
proteolysis-targeting chimera or molecular glues, could serve as a potential
tool to solve these conundrums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Dai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, 37580National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, 598782Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuo Yan
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Urology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,477382The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pathology, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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47
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Zacharchenko T, Kalverda AP, Wright SC. Structural basis of Apt48 inhibition of the BCL6 BTB domain. Structure 2021; 30:396-407.e3. [PMID: 34774129 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcriptional repressor that is deregulated in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and the peptide aptamer, Apt48, inhibits BCL6 by an unknown mechanism. We report the crystal structure of BCL6 in complex with an Apt48 peptide, and show that Apt48 binds to a therapeutically uncharacterized region at the bottom of the BCL6 BTB domain. We show that the corepressor binding site of the BTB domain may be divided conceptually into two low-affinity, peptide-binding regions. An upper region, the lateral groove, binds peptides in robust three-dimensional conformations, whereas a lower binding site is permissive to less-specific interactions. We show that, even with little sequence specificity, the interactions of the lower region are required for the high-affinity binding of the SMRT corepressor and other peptides to the BTB domain. This has relevance for the design of new BCL6 inhibitors and for understanding the evolution of corepressor interactions with the BTB domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zacharchenko
- School of Biology and the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Arnout P Kalverda
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephanie C Wright
- School of Biology and the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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48
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Asthana A, Rubin SM. Molecular mimicry: HUWE1 binds an atypical site in MIZ1 by adopting a typical BTB fold. Structure 2021; 29:1217-1218. [PMID: 34739823 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Structure, Orth et al. describe an exposed binding site in the MIZ1 BTB domain due to an atypical flexible region within the BTB core. This site allows HECT-type ubiquitin ligase 1 to bind the MIZ1 homodimer by forming β strands and completing the canonical BTB fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushweta Asthana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Seth M Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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49
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Ishikawa C, Mori N. FX1, a BCL6 inhibitor, reactivates BCL6 target genes and suppresses HTLV-1-infected T cells. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:245-254. [PMID: 34698964 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is responsible for adult T cell leukemia (ATL); however, molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HTLV-1-induced leukemogenesis are unclear. BCL6 oncogene is involved in cancer progression and a preferred target of anti-cancer treatments. Here, we aimed to evaluate BCL6 expression and the effects of BCL6 inhibitor (FX1) on HTLV-1-infected T cell lines. BCL6 expression was higher in HTLV-1-infected T cell lines than that in uninfected T cell lines. BCL6 was localized mostly in the nucleus. The virus oncoprotein Tax induced BCL6 mRNA expression in T cells, whereas BCL6 knockdown reduced HTLV-1-infected T cell proliferation; thus, confirmed the association of BCL6 with cancer progression. Further, FX1 efficiently inhibited the cell growth and survival of HTLV-1-infected T cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The decreased levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins (phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D2 and c-Myc) and the increased levels of BCL6 target proteins (p21, p27 and p53) showed that FX1 arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase. Apoptosis was induced concomitantly with Bak upregulation and downregulation of survivin, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, as well as with the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. FX1 also inhibited NF-κB and Akt signaling pathways. These events were because of the induction of the activity of cell cycle checkpoint proteins and relief of direct repression of the targets of cell cycle checkpoint proteins. Thus, BCL6 might be considered a novel target for ATL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.,Division of Health Sciences, Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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50
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Guo J, Liu Y, Lv J, Zou B, Chen Z, Li K, Feng J, Cai Z, Wei L, Liu M, Pang X. BCL6 confers KRAS-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer resistance to BET inhibitors. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:133090. [PMID: 33393503 DOI: 10.1172/jci133090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are promising therapeutic targets to treat refractory solid tumors; however, inherent resistance remains a major challenge in the clinic. Recently, the emerging role of the oncoprotein B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) in tumorigenesis and stress response has been unveiled. Here, we demonstrate that BCL6 was upregulated upon BET inhibition in KRAS-mutant cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We further found that BRD3, not BRD2 or BRD4, directly interacted with BCL6 and maintained the negative autoregulatory circuit of BCL6. Disrupting this negative autoregulation by BET inhibitors (BETi) resulted in a striking increase in BCL6 transcription, which further activated the mTOR signaling pathway through repression of the tumor suppressor death-associated protein kinase 2. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of either BCL6 or mTOR improved the tumor response and enhanced the sensitivity of KRAS-mutant NSCLC to BETi in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Overall, our findings identify a mechanism of BRD3-mediated BCL6 autoregulation and further develop an effective combinatorial strategy to circumvent BETi resistance in KRAS-driven NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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