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Wang H, Wei W, Liu J, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Yu Z. The characterization of traditional Chinese medicine natures and flavors using network pharmacology integrated strategy. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:343-349. [PMID: 38707921 PMCID: PMC11068986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Due to the complexity of TCM ingredients and medication compatibility, TCM cannot be used like chemical medicines. The theory of "Four Natures and five Flavors" provides a theoretical basis for the use of TCM. "Four Natures and five Flavors" are originated from pharmacological rules based on clinical practices. Whereas, How to describe and characterize "Natures"(Warm, Hot, Cold and Cool) and "Flavors" (Pungent, Sour, Sweet, Bitter and Salty) scientifically remain the issue that needs to be solved. The aim of this study is to establish the TCM characterization models based on the integrated pharmacology network strategy and provide a deeper understanding of TCM theory. Experimental procedure Five "Pungent-Neutral", nine "Sweet-Neutral and nine "Bitter-Neutral" TCMs were selected to characterize the "Flavors" (Pungent, Sweet and Bitter). Nine "Pungent-Warm" and nine "Bitter-Cold" TCMs were selected to characterize the "Natures" (Warm and Cold). The screened chemical ingredients were analyzed by classification and the screened characteristics targets were analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Results and conclusion In the "Pungent" group, flavonoids are the most. "Pungent" may have immune-regulatory effects and potential anticancer activity. In the "Sweet" group, isoflavones are the most. "Sweet" are related to effectively invigorate health. Fatty acids in the "Warm" group are the most. Flavonoids in the "Cold' group are far more than other components. "Warm" and "Cold" are both related to fatty acid and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenfeng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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2
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Wei Q, Zhang YH. Flavonoids with Anti-Angiogenesis Function in Cancer. Molecules 2024; 29:1570. [PMID: 38611849 PMCID: PMC11013936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, known as angiogenesis, significantly impacts the development of multiple types of cancer. Consequently, researchers have focused on targeting this process to prevent and treat numerous disorders. However, most existing anti-angiogenic treatments rely on synthetic compounds and humanized monoclonal antibodies, often expensive or toxic, restricting patient access to these therapies. Hence, the pursuit of discovering new, affordable, less toxic, and efficient anti-angiogenic compounds is imperative. Numerous studies propose that natural plant-derived products exhibit these sought-after characteristics. The objective of this review is to delve into the anti-angiogenic properties exhibited by naturally derived flavonoids from plants, along with their underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Additionally, we summarize the structure, classification, and the relationship between flavonoids with their signaling pathways in plants as anti-angiogenic agents, including main HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR2/PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, JNK1/STAT3, and MAPK/AP-1 pathways. Nonetheless, further research and innovative approaches are required to enhance their bioavailability for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- School of Medicine, Anhui Xinhua University, 555 Wangjiang West Road, Hefei 230088, China;
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3
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Pérez-Valero Á, Ye S, Magadán-Corpas P, Villar CJ, Lombó F. Metabolic engineering in Streptomyces albidoflavus for the biosynthesis of the methylated flavonoids sakuranetin, acacetin, and genkwanin. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:234. [PMID: 37964284 PMCID: PMC10648386 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites showing antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities, among others. Methylated flavonoids are particularly interesting compared to non-methylated ones due to their greater stability and intestinal absorption, which improves their oral bioavailability. In this work we have stablished a metabolic engineered strain of Streptomyces albidoflavus with enhanced capabilities for flavonoid production, achieving a 1.6-fold increase in the biosynthesis of naringenin with respect to the parental strain. This improved strain, S. albidoflavus UO-FLAV-004, has been used for the heterologous biosynthesis of the methylated flavonoids sakuranetin, acacetin and genkwanin. The achieved titers of sakuranetin and acacetin were 8.2 mg/L and 5.8 mg/L, respectively. The genkwanin titers were 0.8 mg/L, with a bottleneck identified in this producing strain. After applying a co-culture strategy, genkwanin production titers reached 3.5 mg/L, which represents a 4.4-fold increase. To our knowledge, this study presents the first biosynthesis of methylated flavonoids in not only any Streptomyces species, but also in any Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pérez-Valero
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Suhui Ye
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia Magadán-Corpas
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain.
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain.
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain.
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Zhang G, Dong J, Lu L, Liu Y, Hu D, Wu Y, Zhao A, Xu H. Acacetin exerts antitumor effects on gastric cancer by targeting EGFR. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1121643. [PMID: 37266143 PMCID: PMC10231641 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Combination treatments may prolong the survival of patients with GC. Acacetin, which is a flavonoid, exerts potent inhibitory effects on several types of cancer cells; however, the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Methods: Network pharmacology and RNA sequencing were used to predict the targets of acacetin, which were then verified by drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking. The biological functions of acacetin in MKN45 and MGC803 cells were investigated using TUNEL assays, crystal staining and colony formation assays. The pathways affected by acacetin were verified through reverse experiments. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of acacetin was assessed in a subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model. Results: In this study, we identified EGFR from more than a dozen predicted targets as a protein that directly binds to acacetin. Moreover, acacetin affected the level of phosphorylated EGFR. In vitro, acacetin promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. Importantly, EGFR agonists reversed the inhibitory effects of acacetin on the STAT3 and ERK pathways. In vivo, acacetin decreased the protein levels of pEGFR in tumors, resulting in increased GC xenograft tumor regression without obvious toxicity. Conclusion: Our findings highlight EGFR as one of the direct targets of acacetin in GC cells. Acacetin inhibited the phosphatase activity of EGFR in vitro and in vivo, which played a role in the antitumor effects of acacetin. These studies provide new evidence for the use of acacetin as a potential reagent for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontier Research Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation;, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahuan Dong
- Longhua Hospital, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Longhua Hospital, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontier Research Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation;, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontier Research Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation;, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanmin Wu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiguang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontier Research Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation;, Shanghai, China
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5
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Kandhari K, Mishra JPN, Agarwal R, Singh RP. Acacetin induces sustained ERK1/2 activation and RIP1-dependent necroptotic death in breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 462:116409. [PMID: 36740148 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin (AC), a naturally occurring flavonoid has shown anticancer potential. Herein, we studied the mechanisms of cell death and growth inhibition by AC in breast carcinoma T-47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. AC (10-40 μM) significantly decreased the levels of G2/M phase cyclins and CDKs, simultaneously increasing the expression of CDK inhibitors including Cip1/p21. A concentration-dependent increase in cell death was noted in both breast cancer cell lines with no such considerable effects on MCF-10A non-tumorigenic breast cells. The cell death-inducing potential of AC was further confirmed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. AC resulted in mitochondrial superoxide generation, DNA damage, and ROS generation. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) pre-treatment inhibited ROS generation and partially reversed ERK1/2 activation as well as cell death by AC. Further, AC enhanced the expression of RIP1 and RIP3, which mediate necroptosis. RIP1-specific inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (NS-1) reversed the AC-induced DNA damage and cell death. Collectively, these findings, for the first time, suggested that AC exerts its antitumor potential through ROS induction and RIP1-dependent necroptosis in breast carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Kandhari
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jai P N Mishra
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rana P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Park MY, Kim Y, Ha SE, Kim HH, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Jeong SH, Kim GS. Function and Application of Flavonoids in the Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147732. [PMID: 35887080 PMCID: PMC9323071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the top causes of death, particularly among women, and it affects many women. Cancer can also be caused by various factors, including acquiring genetic alteration. Doctors use radiation to detect and treat breast cancer. As a result, breast cancer becomes radiation-resistant, necessitating a new strategy for its treatment. The approach discovered by the researchers is a flavonoid, which is being researched to see if it might help treat radiation-resistant breast cancer more safely than an approved medicine already being used in the field. As a result, this study focuses on the role of flavonoids in breast cancer suppression, breast cancer gene anomalies, and the resulting apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- College of Nursing, Konyang University Medical Campus, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Pritam Bhangwan Bhosale
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Se Hyo Jeong
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-3834-5823
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Lin X, Xu F, Zhang KW, Qiu WX, Zhang H, Hao Q, Li M, Deng XN, Tian Y, Chen ZH, Qian AR. Acacetin Prevents Bone Loss by Disrupting Osteoclast Formation and Promoting Type H Vessel Formation in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:796227. [PMID: 35517504 PMCID: PMC9062130 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.796227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by the destruction of bone resorption and bone formation, is a serious disease that endangers human health. Osteoporosis prevention and treatment has become one of the important research contents in the field of medicine. Acacetin, a natural flavonoid compound, could promote osteoblast differentiation, and inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro. However, the mechanisms of acacetin on osteoclast differentiation and type H vessel formation, as well as the effect of preventing bone loss, remain unclear. Here, we firstly used primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and ovariectomized (OVX) mice to explore the function of acacetin on bone remodeling and H type vessel formation. In this study, we found that acacetin inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption of BMMs induced by the macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in a concentration of 20 μM without exerting cytotoxic effects. It was accompanied by downregulation of osteoclast differentiation marker genes (Ctsk, Acp5, and Mmp9) and cell fusion genes (CD9, CD47, Atp6v0d2, Dc-stamp, and Oc-stamp). Moreover, acacetin disrupted actin ring formation and extracellular acidification in osteoclasts. Mechanistic analysis revealed that acacetin not only inhibits the expression of the major transcription factor NFATc1 and NF-κB during RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, but also suppresses RANKL-induced the phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β, IκBα, and p65. Additionally, acacetin enhanced the ability of M-CSF and RANKL-stimulated BMMs to promote angiogenesis and migration of EPCs. We further established that, in vivo, acacetin increased trabecular bone mass, decreased the number of osteoclasts, and showed more type H vessels in OVX mice. These data demonstrate that acacetin prevents OVX-induced bone loss in mice through inhibition of osteoclast function and promotion of type H vessel formation via Akt/GSK3β and NF-κB signalling pathway, suggesting that acacetin may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke-Wen Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wu-Xia Qiu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Deng
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian, ; Zhi-Hao Chen, ; Ai-Rong Qian,
| | - Zhi-Hao Chen
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian, ; Zhi-Hao Chen, ; Ai-Rong Qian,
| | - Ai-Rong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian, ; Zhi-Hao Chen, ; Ai-Rong Qian,
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Singla RK, Dhir V, Madaan R, Kumar D, Singh Bola S, Bansal M, Kumar S, Dubey AK, Singla S, Shen B. The Genus Alternanthera: Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:769111. [PMID: 35479320 PMCID: PMC9036189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.769111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Alternanthera (Amaranthaceae) comprises 139 species including 14 species used traditionally for the treatment of various ailments such as hypertension, pain, inflammation, diabetes, cancer, microbial and mental disorders. Aim of the review: To search research gaps through critical assessment of pharmacological activities not performed to validate traditional claims of various species of Alternanthera. This review will aid natural product researchers in identifying Alternanthera species with therapeutic potential for future investigation. Materials and methods: Scattered raw data on ethnopharmacological, morphological, phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of various species of the genus Alternanthera have been compiled utilizing search engines like SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Open J-Gate for 100 years up to April 2021. Results: Few species of Alternanthera genus have been exhaustively investigated phytochemically, and about 129 chemical constituents related to different classes such as flavonoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds have been isolated from 9 species. Anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, CNS depressive, antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator effects have been explored in the twelve species of the genus. A toxicity study has been conducted on 3 species and a clinical study on 2 species. Conclusions: The available literature on pharmacological studies of Alternanthera species reveals that few species have been selected based on ethnobotanical surveys for scientific validation of their traditional claims. But most of these studies have been conducted on uncharacterized and non-standardized crude extracts. A roadmap of research needs to be developed for the isolation of new bioactive compounds from Alternanthera species, which can emerge out as clinically potential medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Dhir
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Punjab, Rajpura, India
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Civil Hospital, Rampura Phul, India
| | - Simranjit Singh Bola
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Monika Bansal
- Akal College of Pharmacy and Technical Education, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | | - Shailja Singla
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bairong Shen, ; Reecha Madaan,
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Li J, Zhang K, Bao J, Yang J, Wu C. Potential mechanism of action of Jing Fang Bai Du San in the treatment of COVID-19 using docking and network pharmacology. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:213-224. [PMID: 35165507 PMCID: PMC8795796 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.67116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), severely infects people and has rapidly spread worldwide. JingFangBaiDu San (JFBDS) has been used to treat prevalent epidemic pathogens, common cold, headache, cough due to lung-cold, and other symptoms; however, its treatment for COVID-19 is unknown. Molecular docking and network pharmacology were applied to obtain ingredient-protein structures and the herb-ingredient-disease target network model, respectively, to explore the potential mechanism of JFBDS in COVID-19 treatment. Network pharmacology analysis showed that acacetin, wogonin, and isorhamnetin were the main active ingredients of JFBDS, and EGFR, PIK3CA, LCK, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8, STAT3, TNF, IL2, and RELA were speculated to be crucial therapeutic targets. Moreover, the Toll-like receptors, HIF-1, PIK3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were important for JFBDS in COVID-19 treatment. Molecular docking analysis indicated that ingredients of JFBDS could bind to angiotensin converting enzyme II, spike protein, and chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro), which inhibits virus entry and replication in host cells. This study provides a new perspective for understanding potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of JFBDS in COVID-19 and may facilitate its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Jin Qiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jimin Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jin Qiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
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10
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Aslan BT, Ertugrul B, Iplik ES, Cakmakoglu B. Apoptotic effects of acacetin in human colon cancer HT-29 and HCT 116 cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1479-1482. [PMID: 34916381 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1097_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aim Acacetin is a natural flavone compound, which is found in several plants as Robinia pseudoacacia and is demonstrated to have anticancerogenic activities in many types of cancer (e.g., human nonsmall cell lung cancer, and prostate). Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the serious health problems and is a complex disease. We intended to find a more effective new candidate for the treatment of colon cancer, and hence, we designed this study to investigate the effects of acacetin on CRC (HT-29, HCT 116) in vitro. Methods The study was carried out with the methods that determine for apoptosis (WST-1, Caspase 3/BCA, Annexin V). Results Acacetin showed antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects in the CRC cell lines. Conclusions Acacetin was effective on CRC cell lines, besides no lethal effect on healthy lung cells (MRC-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Tacal Aslan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Ertugrul
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Sinem Iplik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bedia Cakmakoglu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Xie S, Zhang Y, Xu L, Li S, Shen X, Li L, Deng X, Zhou Y. Acacetin attenuates Streptococcus suis virulence by simultaneously targeting suilysin and inflammation. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105354. [PMID: 34896203 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis), an important zoonotic pathogenic bacterium, can cause multiple diseases and fatal infections in both humans and animals. The emergence of highly virulent and extensively drug-resistant strains of S. suis has raised questions about the efficacy of available therapeutic agents, thereby necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Suilysin (SLY) is one of the most essential determinants of virulence for the pathogenicity of S. suis capsular type 2 (SS2). In addition, inhibiting the excessive inflammatory response is a strategy to reduce the damage caused by SS2 infection. In this study, we identified acacetin as an effective inhibitor of SLY, which inhibited the oligomerisation of SLY without affecting bacterial growth. Furthermore, the addition of 4-16 μg/ml acacetin to the co-infection system of the cells reduced S. suis-induced inflammation by downregulating the activation of the MAPK signalling pathway, thereby alleviating the S. suis-mediated cell injury. Thus, in addition to the conventional antibiotic therapy, acacetin represent a potential drug candidate and strategy for the treatment of S. suis infections as it simultaneously inhibited the haemolytic activity of SLY and downregulated the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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12
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Yun S, Lee YJ, Choi J, Kim ND, Han DC, Kwon BM. Acacetin Inhibits the Growth of STAT3-Activated DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells by Directly Binding to Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206204. [PMID: 34684783 PMCID: PMC8540902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in the formation and growth of human cancer. Therefore, STAT3 is a therapeutic target for cancer drug discovery. Acacetin, a flavone present in various plants, inhibits constitutive and inducible STAT3 activation in STAT3-activated DU145 prostate cancer cells. Acacetin inhibits STAT3 activity by directly binding to STAT3, which we confirmed by a pull-down assay with a biotinylated compound and two level-free methods, namely, a drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) experiment and a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Acacetin inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation at the tyrosine 705 residue and nuclear translocation in DU145 cells, which leads to the downregulation of STAT3 target genes. Acacetin then induces apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. Interestingly, acacetin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are not involved in the acacetin-induced inhibition of STAT3 activation because the suppressed p-STAT3 level is not rescued by treatment with GSH or NAC, which are general ROS inhibitors. We also found that acacetin inhibits tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. These results suggest that acacetin, as a STAT3 inhibitor, could be a possible drug candidate for targeting STAT3 for the treatment of cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Yun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahakro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.C.)
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology in Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahakro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahakro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- VORONOIBIO Inc., S 11th F, Thechnopark IT Center Songdo Kwahak-ro 32, Incheon 21984, Korea;
| | - Dong Cho Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahakro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.C.)
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology in Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.C.H.); (B.-M.K); Tel.: +82-42-860-4557 (B.-M.K.)
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahakro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.C.)
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology in Korea, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.C.H.); (B.-M.K); Tel.: +82-42-860-4557 (B.-M.K.)
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13
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Esteghlal S, Mokhtari MJ, Beyzaei Z. Quercetin Can Inhibit Angiogenesis via the Down Regulation of MALAT1 and MIAT LncRNAs in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:59. [PMID: 34447501 PMCID: PMC8356977 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_103_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is an important step in cancer metastasis since it enables the growing tumor to receive nutrients and oxygen. Quercetin is a generic flavonoid and has been investigated for its ability to inhibit angiogenesis in different types of cancers. MALAT1 and MIAT lncRNAs are associated with the angiogenesis process. MALAT1 induces hypoxia-driven angiogenesis via the overexpression of angiogenic genes. Down regulation of MIAT1 could inhibit the proliferation of endothelial cells, tube formation, and migration. In this study, we assessed the anti-angiogenic activity of quercetin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) via the expression of MALAT1 and MIAT genes. Methods: In the present study, HUVEC cells were incubated with various concentrations of quercetin for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell proliferation was then evaluated by MTT assay. RNA was extracted by TRIzol and cDNA synthesis. The expression levels of MALAT1 and MIAT genes relative to the GAPDH gene were quantified using the highly sensitive real-time PCR method. Results: Our results demonstrated that quercetin has an inhibitory impact on the cell viability of HUVEC cells. The IC50 values of quercetin after 24, 48, and 72 h were 282.05 μM, 228.25 μM, and 131.65 μM, respectively. The MALAT1/GAPDH ratio was computed as 0.21 for 24h, 0.18 for 48h, and 0.29 for 72 h. The MIAT/GAPDH ratio was computed as 0.82 for 24h, 0.84 for 48h, and 0.78 for 72 h. Conclusions: In conclusion, quercetin treatment had an anti-angiogenic effect on HUVEC cells, at least partially via the down regulation of MALAT1 and MIAT LncRNAs gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Esteghlal
- Department of Biology, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Beyzaei
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Jones AA, Gehler S. Acacetin and Pinostrobin Inhibit Malignant Breast Epithelial Cell Adhesion and Focal Adhesion Formation to Attenuate Cell Migration. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420918945. [PMID: 32493139 PMCID: PMC7273556 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420918945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring flavonoids, such as acacetin and pinostrobin, disrupt a wide
range of processes during tumor progression, such as cell proliferation,
apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Although the antiproliferative and antiapoptotic
effects of acacetin and pinostrobin have been studied using various cell lines,
relatively little is known about the effects of acacetin and pinostrobin on
cancer cell migration and metastasis. For instance, it is unclear whether
acacetin or pinostrobin have any effect on breast cancer cell migration or
adhesion. In this study, we assessed the effects of acacetin and pinostrobin on
malignant MDA-MB-231 and T47D breast epithelial cells and non-tumorigenic MCF10A
breast epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate that both acacetin and
pinostrobin selectively inhibit the migration of both MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells
in a dose-dependent manner while exhibiting blunted effects on MCF10A cells.
Interestingly, neither compound had an effect on cell proliferation in any of
the 3 cell lines. Furthermore, both acacetin and pinostrobin inhibit MDA-MB-231
and T47D cell adhesion, cell spreading, and focal adhesion formation, but have
no significant effect on MCF10A cells. Collectively, these results suggest that
both acacetin and pinostrobin selectively inhibit malignant breast epithelial
cell migration through attenuation of cell adhesion and focal adhesion
formation. These findings indicate that both acacetin and pinostrobin may serve
as potential therapeutic options to target breast tumor cell migration during
late-stage tumor progression.
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15
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Hossain R, Islam MT, Mubarak MS, Jain D, Khan R, Saikat AS. Natural-Derived Molecules as a Potential Adjuvant in Chemotherapy: Normal Cell Protectors and Cancer Cell Sensitizers. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:836-850. [PMID: 34165416 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210623104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a global threat to humans and a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer treatment includes, among other things, the use of chemotherapeutic agents, compounds that are vital for treating and preventing cancer. However, chemotherapeutic agents produce oxidative stress along with other side effects that would affect the human body. OBJECTIVE To reduce the oxidative stress of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer and normal cells by naturally derived compounds with anti-cancer properties, and protect normal cells from the oxidation process. Therefore, the need to develop more potent chemotherapeutics with fewer side effects has become increasingly important. METHOD Recent literature dealing with the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the naturally naturally-derived compounds: morin, myricetin, malvidin, naringin, eriodictyol, isovitexin, daidzein, naringenin, chrysin, and fisetin has been surveyed and examined in this review. For this, data were gathered from different search engines, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scifinder, among others. Additionally, several patient offices such as WIPO, CIPO, and USPTO were consulted to obtain published articles related to these compounds. RESULT Numerous plants contain flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds such as morin, myricetin, malvidin, naringin, eriodictyol, isovitexin, daidzein, naringenin, chrysin, and fisetin, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic actions via several mechanisms. These compounds show sensitizers of cancer cells and protectors of healthy cells. Moreover, these compounds can reduce oxidative stress, which is accelerated by chemotherapeutics and exhibit a potent anticancer effect on cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, more research is recommended to explore and evaluate such flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Divya Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan-304022, India
| | - Rasel Khan
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9280, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Saim Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
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16
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Zeng X, Cao Z, Luo W, Zheng L, Zhang T. MicroRNA-381-A Key Transcriptional Regulator: Its Biological Function and Clinical Application Prospects in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:535665. [PMID: 33324542 PMCID: PMC7726430 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.535665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that function by regulating messenger RNAs. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in multiple processes of cancer development. MiR-381 is one of the most important miRNAs in cancer progression. MiR-381 is downregulated in some cancers and upregulated in other cancers, including glioma, epithelial sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. MiR-381 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemotherapeutic resistance, radioresistance, and immune responses. Thus, miR-381 participates in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, miR-381 functions in various oncogenic pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, AKT, and p53 pathways. Clinical studies have shown that miR-381 could be considered a biomarker or a novel prognostic factor. Here, we summarize the present studies on the role of miR-381 in cancer development, including its biogenesis and various affected signaling pathways, and its clinical application prospects. MiR-381 expression is associated with tumor stage and survival time, making miR-381 a novel prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Khater M, Greco F, Osborn HMI. Antiangiogenic Activity of Flavonoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E4712. [PMID: 33066630 PMCID: PMC7594036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: An imbalance of angiogenesis contributes to many pathologies such as cancer, arthritis and retinopathy, hence molecules that can modulate angiogenesis are of considerable therapeutic importance. Despite many reports on the promising antiangiogenic properties of naturally occurring flavonoids, no flavonoids have progressed to the clinic for this application. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore evaluates the antiangiogenic activities of a wide range of flavonoids and is presented in two sections. The first part of the study (Systematic overview) included 402 articles identified by searching articles published before May 2020 using ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science databases. From this initial search, different classes of flavonoids with antiangiogenic activities, related pathologies and use of in vitro and/or in/ex vivo angiogenesis assays were identified. In the second part (Meta-analysis), 25 studies concerning the antiangiogenic evaluation of flavonoids using the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay were included, following a targeted search on articles published prior to June 2020. Meta-analysis of 15 out of the 25 eligible studies showed concentration dependent antiangiogenic activity of six compared subclasses of flavonoids with isoflavones, flavonols and flavones being the most active (64 to 80% reduction of blood vessels at 100 µM). Furthermore, the key structural features required for the antiangiogenic activity of flavonoids were derived from the pooled data in a structure activity relationship (SAR) study. All in all, flavonoids are promising candidates for the development of antiangiogenic agents, however further investigations are needed to determine the key structural features responsible for their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Khater
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Francesca Greco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Helen M. I. Osborn
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK; (M.K.); (F.G.)
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18
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Acacetin, a flavone with diverse therapeutic potential in cancer, inflammation, infections and other metabolic disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111708. [PMID: 32866514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacetin is a di-hydroxy and mono-methoxy flavone present in various plants, including black locust, Damiana, Silver birch. Literature information revealed that acacetin exhibits an array of pharmacological potential including chemopreventive and cytotoxic properties in cancer cell lines, prevents ischemia/reperfusion/myocardial infarction-induced cardiac injury, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced neuroinflammation, LPS and sepsis-induced lung injury, rheumatoid and collagen-induced arthritis, inhibit the microbial growth, obesity, viral-mediated infections as well as hepatic protection. PURPOSE This review highlights the therapeutic potential of acacetin, with updated and comprehensive information on the biological sources, chemistry, and pharmacological properties along with the possible mechanism of action, safety aspects, and future research opportunities. STUDY DESIGN The information was retrieved from various search engines, including Pubmed, SciFinder, Science direct, Inxight:drugs, Google scholar, and Meta cyc. RESULT The first section of this review focuses on the detailed biological source of acacetin, chromatographic techniques used for isolation, chemical characteristics, the method for the synthesis of acacetin, and the available natural and synthetic derivatives. Subsequently, the pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, have been discussed. The pharmacokinetics data and toxicity profile of acacetin are also discussed. CONCLUSION Acacetin is a potent molecule reported for its strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity, however further scientific evidence is essential to validate its potency in disease models associated with inflammation and cancer. There is limited information available for toxicity profiling of acacetin; therefore, further studies would aid in establishing this natural flavone as a potent candidate for research studies at clinical setup.
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19
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Li S, Lv Q, Sun X, Tang T, Deng X, Yin Y, Li L. Acacetin inhibits Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence by targeting pneumolysin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:1092-1100. [PMID: 32390150 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is an important commensal and pathogenic bacterium responsible for pneumonia, meningitis and other invasive diseases. Pneumolysin (PLY) is the major virulence factor that contributes significantly to the interaction between S. pneumoniae and the host. KEY FINDINGS In this study, the results of antibacterial analysis, the haemolysis test and the Western blotting assay showed that acacetin inhibited PLY-mediated pore-forming activity caused by S. pneumoniae culture precipitates and purified PLY without anti-S. pneumoniae activity. In addition, acacetin treatment inhibited PLY oligomerization without affecting the expression of PLY in S. pneumoniae culture supernatants. Live/dead cells and cytotoxicity assays suggested that acacetin significantly enhanced the survival rate of injured cells by inhibiting the biological toxicity of PLY without cytotoxicity in the coculture system. The in vivo mouse model of S. pneumoniae infection further demonstrated that acacetin treatment could significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory factors (INF-γ and IL-β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and alleviate the pathological damage of lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results presented in this study indicated that acacetin inhibited the pore-forming activity of PLY and reduced the virulence of S. pneumoniae in vivo and in vitro, which may provide a leading compound for the treatment of S. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianghua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianzhong Tang
- Hubei Wudang Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunhou Yin
- School of Communication, GuizhouMinzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Zhang ZH, Li MY, Wang Z, Zuo HX, Wang JY, Xing Y, Jin C, Xu G, Piao L, Piao H, Ma J, Jin X. Convallatoxin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis through crosstalk between JAK2/STAT3 (T705) and mTOR/STAT3 (S727) signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153172. [PMID: 32004989 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of STAT3 is frequently encountered and promotes survival, cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in tumor cell. Convallatoxin, triterpenoid ingredient, exhibits anticancer pharmacological properties. PURPOSE In this work, we investigated the anticancer potential of convallatoxin and explored whether convallatoxin mediates its effect through interference with the STAT3 activation in colorectal cancer cells. METHODS In vitro, the underlying mechanisms of convallatoxin at inhibiting STAT3 activation were investigated by homology modeling and molecular docking, luciferase reporter assay, MTT assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Changes in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis were analyzed by EdU labeling assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, wound-healing assay, matrigel transwell invasion assay and tube formation assays. And in vivo, antitumor activity of convallatoxin was assessed in a murine xenograft model of HCT116 cells. RESULTS Convallatoxin decreased the viability of colorectal cancer lines. Moreover, convallatoxin reduced the P-STAT3 (T705) via the JAK1, JAK2, and Src pathways and inhibited serine-727 phosphorylation of STAT3 via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-STAT3 pathways in colorectal cancer cells. Interestingly, we discovered the crosstalk between mTOR and JAK2 in mTOR/STAT3 and JAK/STAT3 pathways, which collaboratively regulated STAT3 activation and convallatoxin play a role in it. Convallatoxin also downregulated the expression of target genes involved cell survival (e.g., Survivin, Bcl-xl, Bcl-2), proliferation (e.g., Cyclin D1), metastasis (e.g., MMP-9), and angiogenesis (e.g., VEGF). Indeed, we found that convallatoxin inhibited tube formation, migration, and invasion of endothelial cells, and inhibited the proliferation. Finally, in vivo observations were confirmed by showing antitumor activity of convallatoxin in a murine xenograft model. CONCLUSION The result of the current study show that convallatoxin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis through crosstalk between JAK2/STAT3 (T705) and mTOR/STAT3 (S727) signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells and indicate that convallatoxin could be a valuable candidate for the development of colorectal cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chenghua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guanghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lianxun Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongxin Piao
- Yanbian University Affiliated Hospital/Liver Diseases Branch, China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Ministry of education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Gong G, Huang J, Yang Y, Qi B, Han G, Zheng Y, He H, Chan K, Tsim KW, Dong TT. Saussureae Involucratae Herba (Snow Lotus): Review of Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Properties. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1549. [PMID: 32009958 PMCID: PMC6971814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saussureae Involucratae Herba is the dried ground part of Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip, which is also named as “Snow lotus” and being used in traditional Uyghur and/or Chinese medicine. This rare herb can be found at 4,000 m elevation in western part of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang China. According to China Pharmacopoeia (2015), the major pharmaceutical values of “Snow lotus” (Xuě liánhuā in Chinese) are alleviating rheumatoid arthritis, accelerating blood circulation and mitigating other “cold” syndromes. Traditionally, the clinical application of “Snow lotus” includes the treatments in inflammation-associated disorder, blood circulation acceleration and heat and dampness elimination. Recent studies suggested that “Snow lotus” possessed therapeutic effects associating with anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, adipogenesis suppression and neuroprotection activities, which were proposed to be related with its bioactive constitutes, i.e. acacetin, hispidulin, and rutin. In the present review, we aim to summarize pharmacological effects and underlying cell signaling pathways of “Snow lotus” in treating various medical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baohui Qi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guangyi Han
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Biological Engineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kelvin Chan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Wk Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tina Tx Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Induction of growth cessation by acacetin via β-catenin pathway and apoptosis by apoptosis inducing factor activation in colorectal carcinoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:987-1001. [PMID: 31734898 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acacetin, a bioflavanoid, contains anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities as shown in different experimental models. However, its anticancer potential and mechanism of action against colorectal cancer cells is largely unknown. Here, we have investigated the efficacy of acacetin using two colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 and HCT-116 cell lines. Cell survival was examined by Trypan-blue exclusion and MTT assays, cell cycle analysis by FACS, apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V FITC assay and nuclear condensation by Hoechst staining, ROS level by DCFDA and Mitosox, and protein expression level by Western blotting. Acacetin reduced the cell survival and proliferation of both types of cells, and induced S- and G2-M phase arrest and also reduced the levels of β-catenin and its downstream target c-myc. Further, acacetin induced apoptosis as examined by Annexin-V FITC and nuclear condensation. It increased intracellular ROS production, especially mitochondrial ROS. Acacetin increased mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and Bax:Bcl-2 ratio. Although significant changes in caspases -8 and -9 and PARP level was not observed, acacetin could induce the truncation and subsequent translocation of activated AIF from mitochondria to cytosol, which could further induce chromosomal breakage leading to apoptosis. In conclusion, Acacetin induces mitochondrial ROS-mediated cell death in a caspase-independent manner in SW480 and HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), which may potentiate its anticancer and chemotherapeutic prospects against colorectal carcinoma.
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23
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Chen L, Wang X, Qu X, Pan L, Wang Z, Lu Y, Hu H. Activation of the STAT3/microRNA-21 pathway participates in angiotensin II-induced angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19640-19654. [PMID: 30950039 PMCID: PMC6767590 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) facilitates angiogenesis that is associated with the continuous progression of atherosclerotic plaques, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to promote angiogenesis; however, whether miRNAs play a crucial role in AngII-induced angiogenesis remains unclear. This study evaluated the functional involvement of miRNA-21 (miR-21) in the AngII-mediated proangiogenic response in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs). We found that AngII exerted a proangiogenic role, indicated by the promotion of proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HMECs. Next, miR-21 was found to be upregulated in AngII-treated HMECs, and its specific inhibitor potently blocked the proangiogenic effects of AngII. Subsequently, we focused on the constitutive activation of STAT3 in the AngII-mediated proangiogenic process. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that STAT3 acted as a transcription factor initiating miR-21 expression, which was verified by ChIP-PCR. A reporter assay further identified three functional binding sites of STAT3 in the miR-21 promoter region. Moreover, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was recognized as a target of miR-21, and STAT3 inhibition restored AngII-induced reduction in PTEN. Similarly, the STAT3/miR-21 axis was shown to mediate AngII-provoked angiogenesis in vivo, which was demonstrated by using the appropriate inhibitors. Our data suggest that AngII was involved in proangiogenic responses through miR-21 upregulation and reduced PTEN expression, which was, at least in part, linked to STAT3 signaling. The present study provides novel insights into AngII-induced angiogenesis and suggests potential treatment strategies for attenuating the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and preventing atherosclerosis complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Yuan Chen
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Occupational HealthThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiao‐Long Qu
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li‐Na Pan
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ze‐Yang Wang
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong‐Hui Lu
- Department of Occupational HealthThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hou‐Yuan Hu
- Department of CardiologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Zhao W, Yang L, Chen X, Qian H, Zhang S, Chen Y, Luo R, Shao J, Liu H, Chen J. Phenotypic and functional characterization of tumor-derived endothelial cells isolated from primary human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:1149-1162. [PMID: 29956443 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) have been investigated using human tumor xenografts in mice models. In order to provide pure human TECs for the updating of clinical anti-angiogenic cancer therapy, in the present study we established a protocol of purification of TECs derived from clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and revealed the TEC features by in vitro and in vivo assays. METHODS We isolated TECs from fresh surgical resections of HCC by magnetic-activated cell sorting and purified by flow cytometry sorting upon CD31 expression, referred to as ECDHCCs. Next, we identified cultured ECDHCCs by morphology, phenotype, genotype, and functional assays. RESULTS The ECDHCCs appeared as Weibel-Palade bodies under electron microscopy. They expressed endothelial markers, such as CD31, CD105, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and expressed the genes that are associated with pro-angiogenesis, especially vascular endothelial growth factor, epiregulin, and programmed cell death 10. Functionally, ECDHCCs were capable of tube formation, wound healing, and Transwell migration in vitro. These in vitro behaviors were validated by in vivo Matrigel plug assay in mice. Finally, comparison of ECDHCC with the Hep-G2 liver cancer cell line showed there was no similarity of phenotype or function between these two types of cells. CONCLUSIONS Tumor endothelial cells derived from human HCC can be isolated and purified from clinical samples by flow cytometer. They have the endothelial phenotype and morphologic features and are capable of tube formation and migration. This study provides a useful model for researchers to study tumor angiogenesis and screening of candidate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhao
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Suqing Zhang
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Runhua Luo
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Qidong Cancer Registry, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, China
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25
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Hu X, Wu LW, Weng X, Lin NM, Zhang C. Synergistic antitumor activity of aspirin and erlotinib: Inhibition of p38 enhanced aspirin plus erlotinib-induced suppression of metastasis and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2715-2724. [PMID: 30013667 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose erlotinib is effective for non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether aspirin could increase the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of regular erlotinib treatment. The data demonstrated that combining aspirin with erlotinib significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation in several human cancer types. Furthermore, aspirin plus erlotinib significantly induced the activation of E-cadherin and suppression of p38. The data also indicated that the p38/E-cadherin pathway may be involved in the apoptosis caused by the combination of aspirin and erlotinib. As p38 and E-cadherin also serve a key role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis, we hypothesized that the combination of aspirin and erlotinib may significantly inhibit tumor metastasis. First, aspirin plus erlotinib achieved potent inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion, which are crucial for cancer metastasis. Next, the results demonstrated that aspirin plus erlotinib inhibited angiogenesis by suppressing endothelial cell migration and invasion. Moreover, it was confirmed that aspirin plus erlotinib exerted synergistic anti-angiogenic effects. Finally, the synergistic anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of the combination of aspirin with erlotinib were further validated in an A549 xenograft model in vivo. In conclusion, aspirin plus erlotinib may be an effective combination regimen for patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Wen Wu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xu Weng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Hangzhou Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Neng-Ming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Hangzhou Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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26
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Dholia N, Yadav UCS. Lipid mediator Leukotriene D 4-induces airway epithelial cells proliferation through EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 136:55-63. [PMID: 29751150 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), the potent lipid inflammatory mediators, are elevated in many pathological conditions and implicated in various inflammatory diseases including asthma, however their role in airway epithelial cells modulation is not clearly understood. We have investigated the effects of a CysLT, Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on human airway epithelial cells, and assessed its role and mode of action in these cells. METHODOLOGY Human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) and A549 cells were incubated with different concentrations of LTD4 for different time intervals. Subsequently trypan blue dye exclusion assay, MTT assay, Western blotting, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments were performed to examine the effects of LTD4 on proliferation and related molecular changes in the airway epithelial cells. RESULTS The treatment of human airway epithelial cells with LTD4 resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation and modulation in the expression of receptors, CysLT1R and CysLT2R in SAECs as well as A549 cells. In both types of cells, LTD4 increased the expression levels of PCNA and c-myc, and trans-activated EGF receptor and increased the activation of ERK1/2. When treated along with epidermal growth factor (EGF), LTD4 showed a marginal additive effect in ERK1/2 and EGFR phosphorylation compared to LTD4 alone in both types of airway epithelial cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results suggest that sustained presence of lipid inflammatory mediator LTD4 could induce human airway epithelial cell proliferation through ERK1/2 phosphorylation, either directly via CysLT1 receptor or by transactivating EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Dholia
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, Gujarat, India.
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27
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Tzeng HE, Chang AC, Tsai CH, Wang SW, Tang CH. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis via inhibition of miR-381 in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38566-38578. [PMID: 27229532 PMCID: PMC5122411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A chondrosarcoma is a common, primary malignant bone tumor that can grow to destroy the bone, produce fractures and develop soft tissue masses. Left untreated, chondrosarcomas metastasize through the vascular system to the lungs and ultimately lead to large metastatic deposits of the malignant cartilage taking over lung volume and function. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C has been implicated in tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and elevated expression of VEGF-C has been found to correlate with cancer metastasis. bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), a secreted cytokine, regulates biological activity, including angiogenesis and metastasis. We have previously reported on the important role of bFGF in angiogenesis in chondrosarcomas. However, the effect of bFGF in VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcomas is poorly understood. In this investigation, we demonstrate a correlation exists between bFGF and VEGF-C in tissue specimens from patients with chondrosarcomas. To examine the lymphangiogenic effect of bFGF, we used human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to mimic lymphatic vessel formation. We found that bFGF-treated chondrosarcomas promoted LEC tube formation and cell migration. In addition, bFGF knockdown inhibited lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We also found that bFGF-induced VEGF-C is mediated by the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Src signaling pathway. Furthermore, bFGF inhibited microRNA-381 expression via the PDGFR and c-Src cascade. Our study is the first to describe the mechanism of bFGF-promoted lymphangiogenesis by upregulating VEGF-C expression in chondrosarcomas. Thus, bFGF could serve as a therapeutic target in chondrosarcoma metastasis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Tanshinone IIA inhibits angiogenesis in human endothelial progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109217-109227. [PMID: 29312602 PMCID: PMC5752515 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reports that bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) regulate angiogenesis, postnatal neovascularization and tumor metastasis. It has been suggested that understanding the molecular targets and pharmacological functions of natural products is important for novel drug discovery. Tanshinone IIA is a major diterpene quinone compound isolated from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Evidence indicates that tanshinone IIA modulates angiogenic functions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. However, the anti-angiogenic activity of tanshinone IIA in human EPCs has not been addressed. Here, we report that tanshinone IIA dramatically suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-promoted migration and tube formation of human EPCs, without cytotoxic effects. We also show that tanshinone IIA markedly inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Importantly, tanshinone IIA significantly attenuated microvessel formation and the expression of EPC-specific markers in the in vivo Matrigel plug assay in mice. Further, we found that tanshinone IIA inhibits EPC angiogenesis through the PLC, Akt and JNK signaling pathways. Our report is the first to reveal that tanshinone IIA reduces EPC angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Tanshinone IIA is a promising natural product worthy of further development for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-related pathologies.
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29
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Cancer chemoprevention revisited: Cytochrome P450 family 1B1 as a target in the tumor and the microenvironment. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:1-18. [PMID: 29197745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is the use of synthetic, natural or biological agents to prevent or delay the development or progression of malignancies. Intriguingly, many phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects, recently proposed as chemoprevention strategies, are inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 family 1B1 (CYP1B1), an enzyme overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors and associated with angiogenesis. In turn, pro-inflammatory cytokines were reported to boost CYP1B1 expression, suggesting a key role of CYP1B1 in a positive loop of inflammatory angiogenesis. Other well-known pro-tumorigenic activities of CYP1B1 rely on metabolic bioactivation of xenobiotics and steroid hormones into their carcinogenic derivatives. In contrast to initial in vitro observations, in vivo studies demonstrated a protecting role against cancer for the other CYP1 family members (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2), suggesting that the specificity of CYP1 family inhibitors should be carefully taken into account for developing potential chemoprevention strategies. Recent studies also proposed a role of CYP1B1 in multiple cell types found within the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells. Overall, our review of the current literature suggests a positive loop between inflammatory cytokines and CYP1B1, which in turn may play a key role in cancer angiogenesis, acting on both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Strategies aiming at specific CYP1B1 inhibition in multiple cell types may translate into clinical chemoprevention and angioprevention approaches.
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Lee HW, Ryu HW, Baek SC, Kang MG, Park D, Han HY, An JH, Oh SR, Kim H. Potent inhibitions of monoamine oxidase A and B by acacetin and its 7-O-(6-O-malonylglucoside) derivative from Agastache rugosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Acacetin inhibits neuronal cell death induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in cellular Parkinson's disease model. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5207-5212. [PMID: 29089232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), a flavonoid compound isolated from Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, chrysanthemum, safflower, and Calamintha and Linaria species has been shown to have anti-cancer activity, indicating its potential clinical value in cancer treatment. In this study, we sought to study the potentials of acacetin in preventing human dopaminergic neuronal death via inhibition of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neuronal cell death in the SH-SY5Y cells. Our results suggest that acacetin was effective in preventing 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell death through regulation of mitochondrial-mediated cascade apoptotic cell death. Pretreatment with acacetin significantly inhibited neurotoxicity and neuronal cell death through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dysfunction. Acacetin also markedly acted on key molecules in apoptotic cell death pathways and reduced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β). These results suggested that acacetin could inhibit 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell death originating from ROS-mediated cascade apoptosis pathway. Thus, the results of our study suggest that acacetin is a potent therapeutic agent for PD progression.
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Punia R, Raina K, Agarwal R, Singh RP. Acacetin enhances the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182870. [PMID: 28859099 PMCID: PMC5578506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthracyclines are efficient and potent agents to treat broad range of cancers but cytotoxicity induced by them limits their use in therapeutics. Use of plant-derived agents help to prevent or delay the process of cancer progression and their combination increases the anti-cancer potential of mainstream compound. However, multidrug resistance is major cause of treatment failure in cancer patients. Purpose In this study, combination treatments of fisetin or acacetin with doxorubicin were explored for their potential synergistic effect on non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. Study design During this study, NSCLC model cell lines A549 and H1299 were used to determine the combinatorial effect of phytochemicals namly acacetin and fisetin with doxorubicin. Methods The effects of individual compounds and their combination on cell viability, clonogenic potential and cell cycle progression were studied. Efflux of doxorubicin was measured by spectrofluorophotometer, whereas accumulation inside the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Expression of MDR1 was checked by semi-quantitative PCR. Results The results showed that the cell viability of A549 and H1299 cells were significantly decreased in time- and dose-dependent manner, although A549 cells showed more sensitivity toward doxorubicin than H1299 cells. Mostly, combination of doxorubicin showed good synergy with acacetin in both the cell lines whereas, fisetin exerted synergistic effect only at 72 h of treatment in H1299 cells. Acacetin with doxorubicin caused G2/M arrest by downregulating CDK-cyclin complex in A549 cells. Acacetin—doxorubicin combination decreased the clonogenic potential of A549 and H1299 cells upto 82% and 59%, respectively, as compared to control. Acacetin also decreased efflux of doxorubicin by 59% after 30 mins of exposure to A549 cells and further increased accumulation of doxorubicin inside the cells upto 55% in 2 h. The modulatory effect of acacetin-doxorubicin combination on doxorubicin influx and efflux was mediated through downregulation of MDR1 treansporter in NSCLC cells. Conclusion These findings suggested that acacetin augments the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin at lower concentrations in lung cancer cells. Their combination leads to more retention of doxorubicin in the cells by modulating drug trasporter and thus enhances its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reenu Punia
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rana P. Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: ,
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Gao P, Niu N, Wei T, Tozawa H, Chen X, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wada Y, Kapron CM, Liu J. The roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 in tumor angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69139-69161. [PMID: 28978186 PMCID: PMC5620326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels, which is required for tumor growth and metastasis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that regulates a variety of cellular events including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Previous studies revealed that activation of STAT3 promotes tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we described the activities of STAT3 signaling in different cell types involved in angiogenesis. Particularly, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of STAT3-mediated gene regulation in angiogenic endothelial cells in response to external stimulations such as hypoxia and inflammation. The potential for STAT3 as a therapeutic target was also discussed. Overall, this review provides mechanistic insights for the roles of STAT3 signaling in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianshu Wei
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hideto Tozawa
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Caiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Youichiro Wada
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carolyn M Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Chen Y, Luo D, Tian W, Li Z, Zhang X. Demethylation of miR-495 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and promotes apoptosis by targeting STAT-3 in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3581-3589. [PMID: 28498478 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer (BC), silencing of miRNA genes due to miRNA gene promoter methylation are the important mechanisms directly contributing to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. miRNA-495 (miR-495) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor gene in various cancers, but its role and regulation in BC remains unclear. In the present study, the level of miR-495 was inversely correlated with the expression of STAT-3 in BC tissues and cell lines. miR-495 can directly target 3'-UTR of STAT-3 mRNA and thereby decrease the expression of STAT-3 in MCF-7 and HCC1973 cells by Targetscan and Dual-luciferase assay. We further analyzed miR-495 promoter methylation by sodium bisulfite sequencing method (BSP), and found DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-AzaC concomitantly upregulated expression of miR-495 and downregulated its target gene STAT-3 and its downstream target VEGF. Furthermore, we further observed that 5-AzaC treatment, miR-495 mimics and STAT-3 knockdown significantly inhibited cell function in breast cancer by Transwell assay, EdU flow cytometry, Annexin V-FITC/PI combined with flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. Taken together, our data are first to demonstrate that the miR-495 is silenced due to promoter methylation in breast cancer. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-AzaC could reverse miR‑495 (suppressor gene) and STAT-3 (oncogene). The anticancer properties of 5-AzaC were preliminarily confirmed in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of General (Breast and Thyroid), Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Yangtze River Branch, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Luo
- Department of General (Breast and Thyroid), Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Yangtze River Branch, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Wuguo Tian
- Department of General (Breast and Thyroid), Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Yangtze River Branch, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Department of General (Breast and Thyroid), Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Yangtze River Branch, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of General (Breast and Thyroid), Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, No. 10 Yangtze River Branch, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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35
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Regeneration and Regrowth Potentials of Digit Tips in Amphibians and Mammals. Int J Cell Biol 2017; 2017:5312951. [PMID: 28487741 PMCID: PMC5402240 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5312951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and repair have received much attention in the medical field over the years. The study of amphibians, such as newts and salamanders, has uncovered many of the processes that occur in these animals during full-limb/digit regeneration, a process that is highly limited in mammals. Understanding these processes in amphibians could shed light on how to develop and improve this process in mammals. Amputation injuries in mammals usually result in the formation of scar tissue with limited regrowth of the limb/digit; however, it has been observed that the very tips of digits (fingers and toes) can partially regrow in humans and mice under certain conditions. This review will summarize and compare the processes involved in salamander limb regeneration, mammalian wound healing, and digit regeneration in mice and humans.
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36
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Adiponectin promotes VEGF-A-dependent angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma through PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and HIF-α pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36746-61. [PMID: 26468982 PMCID: PMC4742208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a type of highly malignant tumor with a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis. Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted predominantly by differentiated adipocytes. On the other hand, angiogenesis is a critical step in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the relationship of adiponectin with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma is mostly unknown. In this study we first demonstrated that the expression of adiponectin was correlated with tumor stage of human chondrosarcoma tissues. In addition, we also found that adiponectin increased VEGF-A expression in human chondrosarcoma cells and subsequently induced migration and tube formation in human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Adiponectin promoted VEGF-A expression through adiponectin receptor (AdipoR), phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K), Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF)-1α signaling cascades. Knockdown of adiponectin decreased VEGF-A expression and also abolished chondrosarcoma conditional medium-mediated tube formation in EPCs in vitro as well as angiogenesis effects in the chick chorioallantoic membrane and Matrigel plug nude mice model in vivo. Therefore, adiponectin is crucial for tumor angiogenesis and growth, which may represent a novel target for anti-angiogenic therapy in human chondrosarcoma.
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37
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Bidirectional regulation of angiogenesis by phytoestrogens through estrogen receptor-mediated signaling networks. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:241-254. [PMID: 27114311 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormone estrogen is one of the most active intrinsic angiogenesis regulators; its therapeutic use has been limited due to its carcinogenic potential. Plant-derived phytoestrogens are attractive alternatives, but reports on their angiogenic activities often lack in-depth analysis and sometimes are controversial. Herein, we report a data-mining study with the existing literature, using IPA system to classify and characterize phytoestrogens based on their angiogenic properties and pharmacological consequences. We found that pro-angiogenic phytoestrogens functioned predominantly as cardiovascular protectors whereas anti-angiogenic phytoestrogens played a role in cancer prevention and therapy. This bidirectional regulation were shown to be target-selective and, for the most part, estrogen-receptor-dependent. The transactivation properties of ERα and ERβ by phytoestrogens were examined in the context of angiogenesis-related gene transcription. ERα and ERβ were shown to signal in opposite ways when complexed with the phytoestrogen for bidirectional regulation of angiogenesis. With ERα, phytoestrogen activated or inhibited transcription of some angiogenesis-related genes, resulting in the promotion of angiogenesis, whereas, with ERβ, phytoestrogen regulated transcription of angiogenesis-related genes, resulting in inhibition of angiogenesis. Therefore, the selectivity of phytoestrogen to ERα and ERβ may be critical in the balance of pro- or anti-angiogenesis process.
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38
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Lin CC, Chen PC, Lein MY, Tsao CW, Huang CC, Wang SW, Tang CH, Tung KC. WISP-1 promotes VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis by inhibiting miR-300 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9993-10005. [PMID: 26824419 PMCID: PMC4891098 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which accounts for nearly 90% of head and neck cancers, is characterized by a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) has been implicated in lymphangiogenesis and is correlated with cancer metastasis. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP)-1/CCN4 is an extracellular matrix-related protein that belongs to the CCN family and stimulates many biological functions. Our previous studies showed that WISP-1 plays an important role in OSCC migration and angiogenesis. However, the effect of WISP-1 on VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in OSCC is poorly understood. Here, we showed a correlation between WISP-1 and VEGF-C in tissue specimens from patients with OSCC. To examine the lymphangiogenic effect of WISP-1, we used human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to mimic lymphatic vessel formation. The results showed that conditioned media from WISP-1-treated OSCC cells promoted tube formation and cell migration in LECs. We also found that WISP-1-induced VEGF-C is mediated via the integrin αvβ3/integrin-linked kinase (ILK)/Akt signaling pathway. In addition, the expression of microRNA-300 (miR-300) was inhibited by WISP-1 via the integrin αvβ3/ILK/Akt cascade. Collectively, these results reveal the detailed mechanism by which WISP-1 promotes lymphangiogenesis via upregulation of VEGF-C expression in OSCC. Therefore, WISP-1 could serve as therapeutic target to prevent metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chia Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Lein
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Chung Tung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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39
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Xiao B, Lin D, Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhang X. TTF1, in the Form of Nanoparticles, Inhibits Angiogenesis, Cell Migration and Cell Invasion In Vitro and In Vivo in Human Hepatoma through STAT3 Regulation. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111507. [PMID: 27834930 PMCID: PMC6274537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TTF1-NP (5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7,5′-trimethoxyflavone nanoparticles), derived from the traditional Changbai Mountain medicinal plant Sorbaria sorbifolia (SS), has been showed its anti-cancer effect in various liver cancer cell types and tissues. The present study was designed to evaluate the antitumor mechanism of the TTF1-NP against HepG2 hepatoma cells and HepG2 cells-induced hepatocarcinoma (HCC) in nude mouse model. Here we demonstrated that TTF1-NP inhibits tube formation of HUVECs and HepG2 cell migration and invasion, and inhibits tumor growth in nude mice implanted with HepG2 cells through the downregulation of STAT3 protein and activation, along with VEGF, KDR, bFGF, MMP2 and MMP9 levels. We further revealed that TTF1-NP decreased the DNA-binding capacity of STAT3. Together our results provide a mechanism by which TTF1-NP suppresses cancer cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis through the action of STAT3 and suggests TTF1-NP as a potential therapy for hepatocellular cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China.
| | - Dongjing Lin
- Basic Medical College, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China.
| | - Meilan Zhang
- College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China.
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China.
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40
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Salimi A, Roudkenar MH, Sadeghi L, Mohseni A, Seydi E, Pirahmadi N, Pourahmad J. Selective Anticancer Activity of Acacetin Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Both In Vivo and In Vitro Methods: Key Role of Oxidative Stress and Cancerous Mitochondria. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1404-1416. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1235717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Dai P, Luo F, Wang Y, Jiang H, Wang L, Zhang G, Zhu L, Hu M, Wang X, Lu L, Liu Z. Species- and gender-dependent differences in the glucuronidation of a flavonoid glucoside and its aglycone determined using expressed UGT enzymes and microsomes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 36:622-35. [PMID: 26317684 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids occur naturally as glucosides and aglycones. Their common phenolic hydroxyl groups may trigger extensive UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)- catalysed metabolism. Unlike aglycones, glucosides contain glucose moieties. However, the influence of these glucose moieties on glucuronidation of glucosides and aglycones remains unclear. In this study, the flavonoid glucoside tilianin and its aglycone acacetin were used as model compounds. The glucuronidation characteristics and enzyme kinetics of tilianin and acacetin were compared using human UGT isoforms, liver microsomes and intestinal microsomes obtained from different animal species. Tilianin and acacetin were metabolized into different glucuronides, with UGT1A8 produced as the main isoform. Assessment of enzyme kinetics in UGT1A8, human liver microsomes and human intestinal microsomes revealed that compared with tilianin, acacetin displayed lower Km (0.6-, 0.7- and 0.6-fold, respectively), higher Vmax (20-, 60- and 230-fold, respectively) and higher clearance (30-, 80- and 300-fold, respectively). Furthermore, glucuronidation of acacetin and tilianin showed significant species- and gender-dependent differences. In conclusion, glucuronidation of flavonoid aglycones is faster than that of glucosides in the intestine and the liver. Understanding the metabolism and species- and gender-dependent differences between glucosides and aglycones is crucial for the development of drugs from flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peimin Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Huangyu Jiang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Xin Jiang, 832008, China
| | - Guiyu Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ming Hu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.,Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Xinchun Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Xin Jiang, 832008, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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42
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Acacetin Protects Mice from Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection by Inhibiting the Activity of Sortase A. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101285. [PMID: 27681715 PMCID: PMC6272931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major cause of infection in hospitals and communities. Widespread dissemination of multi-drug resistant S. aureus is a serious threat to the health of humans and animals. An anti-virulence strategy has been widely considered as an alternative therapeutic approach. Inhibitors of virulence factors are able to treat S. aureus infections without influencing the growth or viability of bacteria and rarely lead to bacterial resistance. Sortase A (SrtA) is a membrane-associated cysteine transpeptidase that catalyzes up to 25 surface proteins that covalently bind to cell wall peptidoglycans. In S. aureus, most of these surface proteins have been identified as important virulence factors that are vital in bacterial pathogenesis. In the present study, we show that acacetin, a natural flavonoid compound, inhibits the activity of SrtA in S. aureus (IC50 = 36.46 ± 4.69 μg/mL, 128 μM) which affects the assembly of protein A (SpA) to cell walls and reduces the binding of S. aureus to fibrinogen (Fg). The mechanism of the interaction between acacetin and SrtA were preliminarily discussed using molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggested that acacetin adopted a compact conformation binding at the pocket of the SrtA via residues Arg-139 and Lys-140. By performing an animal infection model, we demonstrated that acacetin was able to protect mice from renal abscess formation induced by S. aureus and significantly increased survival rates. Taken together, these findings suggest that acacetin may be a promising candidate for the development of anti-S. aureus drugs.
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Šmejkal K, Malaník M, Zhaparkulova K, Sakipova Z, Ibragimova L, Ibadullaeva G, Žemlička M. Kazakh Ziziphora Species as Sources of Bioactive Substances. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070826. [PMID: 27347924 PMCID: PMC6274025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphora species represent the prototypical example of the Lamiaceae family. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes and phenolic substances belonging to the flavonoids. In Kazakh traditional medicine, Ziziphora species possess several medicinal uses. In particular, Z. bungeana Lam. and Z. clinopodioides Lam. are used for the treatment of illnesses related to the cardiovascular system or to combat different infections. Unfortunately, the majority of the information about the complex Ziziphora species is only available in Russian and Chinese language, therefore, we decided gather all available information on Kazakhstan Ziziphora, namely its content compounds, medicinal uses and published patents, to draw the attention of scientists to this very interesting plant with high medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Malaník
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Karlygash Zhaparkulova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Zuriyadda Sakipova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Liliya Ibragimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Galya Ibadullaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Milan Žemlička
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice 04181, Slovakia.
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Tao JH, Duan JA, Jiang S, Qian YY, Qian DW. Biotransformation and metabolic profile of buddleoside with human intestinal microflora by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1025:7-15. [PMID: 27183213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Buddleoside (also known as linarin) as the major flavonoid in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. The human intestinal microbiota might have an important impact on drug metabolism and ultimately on the drug oral bioavailability. However, the interaction of the buddleoside with human intestinal bacteria remains unknown. In this study, the conversion of buddleoside by different bacteria from human feces was firstly investigated. A reliable, sensitive and rapid analytical method, ultra performance liquid chromatography was established and successfully applied to investigate the metabolites and metabolic profile of buddleoside by human intestinal bacteria. Among the isolated bacteria, four strains including Escherichia sp. 4, Escherichia sp. 34, Enterococcus sp. 45 and Bacillus sp. 46 showed more powerful conversion capability. Based on the accurate mass data and the characteristic MS(n) product ions, the parent and six metabolites were detected and tentatively identified compared with blank samples. The metabolites were produced by four main metabolic pathways including deglycosylation, acetylation, methylation and hydroxylation. Buddleoside could be firstly converted to its aglycon acacetin (M2) by the majority of the isolated intestinal bacteria. Subsequently, M2 was further metabolize to its methylated (M3), acetylated (M4), hydroxylated (M5) and hydrogenated product (M6). However, acacetin-7-glucosid (M1) was obtained only from the minor bacterial samples like Bacillus sp. 46. To further explain the metabolism of buddleoside, the β-d-glucosidase and α-l-rhamnosidase activities of four strains were analyzed. Bacillus sp. 46 could only produce α-l-rhamnosidase, while the other three strains showed two kinds of enzyme activities. Furthermore, the activities of α-l-rhamnosidase and β-d-glucosidase reached the highest level at 12-18h and 10-12h, respectively. The metabolic routes and metabolites of buddleoside produced by human intestinal microflora were firstly reported in this paper. The results will be very helpful for the further investigation of the pharmacokinetic research of buddleoside and to unravel how it works in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yi-Yun Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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45
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Development and validation of a highly sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of acacetin in human plasma and its application to a protein binding study. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 39:213-220. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Kumar R, Deep G, Wempe MF, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Procyanidin B2 3,3″-di-O-gallate inhibits endothelial cells growth and motility by targeting VEGFR2 and integrin signaling pathways. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 15:14-26. [PMID: 25552257 DOI: 10.2174/1568009614666141229102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeting angiogenesis, one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis, using non-toxic phytochemicals has emerged as a translational opportunity for angioprevention and to control advanced stages of malignancy. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effects and associated mechanism/s of action of Procyanidin B2-3,3″-di- O-gallate (B2G2), a major component of grape seed extract, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human prostate microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Our results showed that B2G2 (10-40 μM) inhibits growth and induces death in both HUVECs and HPMECs. Additional studies revealed that B2G2 causes a G1 arrest in cell cycle progression of HUVECs by down-regulating cyclins (D1 and A), CDKs (Cdk2 and Cdc2) and Cdc25c phosphatase and up-regulating CDK inhibitors (p21 and p27) expression. B2G2 also induced strong apoptotic death in HUVECs through increasing p53, Bax and Smac/Diablo expression while decreasing Bcl-2 and survivin levels. Additionally, B2G2 inhibited the growth factors-induced capillary tube formation in HUVECs and HPMECs. Interestingly, conditioned media (CCM) from prostate cancer (PCA) cells (LNCaP and PC3) grown under normoxic (~21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions significantly enhanced the tube formation in HUVECs, which was compromised in presence of conditioned media from B2G2-treated PCA cells. B2G2 also inhibited the motility and invasiveness of both HUVECs and HPMECs. Mechanistic studies showed that B2G2 targets VEGFR2/PI3K/Akt and integrin signaling molecules which are important for endothelial cells survival, proliferation, tube formation and motility. Overall, we report that B2G2 inhibits several attributes of angiogenesis in cell culture; therefore, it warrants further investigation for efficacy for angioprevention and cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chapla Agarwal
- University of Colorado Denver, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, C238, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid reduces retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2015; 135:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Fan LH, Li X, Chen DY, Zhang N, Wang Y, Shan Y, Hu Y, Xu RA, Jin J, Ge RS. Determination of acacetin in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 986-987:18-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Dai P, Zhu L, Luo F, Lu L, Li Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang X, Hu M, Liu Z. Triple Recycling Processes Impact Systemic and Local Bioavailability of Orally Administered Flavonoids. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:723-36. [PMID: 25762448 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triple recycling (i.e., enterohepatic, enteric and local recycling) plays a central role in governing the disposition of phenolics such as flavonoids, resulting in low systemic bioavailability but higher gut bioavailability and longer than expected apparent half-life. The present study aims to investigate the coexistence of these recycling schemes using model bioactive flavonoid tilianin and a four-site perfused rat intestinal model in the presence or absence of a lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) inhibitor gluconolactone and/or a glucuronidase inhibitor saccharolactone. The result showed that tilianin could be metabolized into tilianin glucuronide, acacetin, and acacetin glucuronide, which are excreted into the bile and luminal perfusate (highest in the duodenum and lowest in the colon). Gluconolactone (20 mM) significantly reduced the absorption of tilianin and the enteric and biliary excretion of acacetin glucuronide. Saccharolactone (0.1 mM) alone or in combination of gluconolactone also remarkably reduced the biliary and intestinal excretion of acacetin glucuronide. Acacetin glucuronides from bile or perfusate were rapidly hydrolyzed by bacterial β-glucuronidases to acacetin, enabling enterohepatic and enteric recycling. Moreover, saccharolactone-sensitive tilianin disposition and glucuronide deconjugation, which was more active in the small intestine than the colon, points to the small intestinal origin of the deconjugation enzyme and supports the presence of local recycling scheme. In conclusion, our studies have demonstrated triple recycling of a bioactive phenolic (i.e., a model flavonoid), and this recycling may have an impact on the site and duration of polyphenols pharmacokinetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peimin Dai
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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50
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Zhu W, Yang B, Fu H, Ma L, Liu T, Chai R, Zheng Z, Zhang Q, Li G. Flavone inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, nitric oxide production and protein S-nitrosylation in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:590-595. [PMID: 25680459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the core structure of flavonoids, flavone has been proved to possess anticancer effects. Flavone's growth inhibitory functions are related to NO. NO is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and generally increased in a variety of cancer cells. NO regulates multiple cellular responses by S-nitrosylation. In this study, we explored flavone-induced regulations on nitric oxide (NO)-related cellular processes in breast cancer cells. Our results showed that, flavone suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Flavone restrains NO synthesis by does-dependent inhibiting NOS enzymatic activity. The decrease of NO generation was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Flavone-induced inhibitory effect on NOS activity is dependent on intact cell structure. For the NO-induced protein modification, flavone treatment significantly down-regulated protein S-nitrosylation, which was detected by "Biotin-switch" method. The present study provides a novel, NO-related mechanism for the anticancer function of flavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bingwu Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huiling Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Long Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Rongfei Chai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhaodi Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Guorong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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