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Loizzi V, Cerbone M, Arezzo F, Silvestris E, Damiani GR, Cazzato G, Cicinelli E, Cormio G. Contraception as chemoprevention of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 women. Hormones (Athens) 2023:10.1007/s42000-023-00519-6. [PMID: 38112915 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women in the world, with an estimated worldwide mortality of over 207'000 women every year. This cancer, due to the current lack of adequate screening techniques, is commonly diagnosed late and has a poor prognosis. The oral contraceptive pill is considered the most effective prevention strategy for ovarian cancer in the general population, being associated with a decreased incidence while also having a substantial positive impact on the mortality rate, which is reduced by up to 50%. BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutated women have an augmented risk of ovary and breast cancer: despite international guidelines that consider prophylactic surgery as the gold standard for ovarian cancer prevention, there are currently no effective non-invasive preventive methods. In BRCA1\2 mutated patients, clinicians should weigh the benefits of contraceptive pills against the risk of long-term thromboembolic side effects and hormonal malignancies such as breast and cervical cancer. A multidisciplinary team should counsel patients on the most appropriate risk-reduction strategy tailored to their needs and expectations, proposing the oral contraceptive pill to selected patients after balancing the risks of adverse effects and the benefits on both contraception and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Loizzi
- S.S.D. Ginecologia Oncologica Clinicizzata, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Biomedicina Traslazionale E Neuroscienze (DiBraiN), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Cerbone
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesca Arezzo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Oncology Unit IRCSS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124, Bari, Italy
- Oncology Unit IRCSS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124, Bari, Italy
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Biswas K, Mohammed A, Sharan SK, Shoemaker RH. Genetically engineered mouse models for hereditary cancer syndromes. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1800-1815. [PMID: 36715493 PMCID: PMC10154891 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular diagnostics have led to improved diagnosis and molecular understanding of hereditary cancers in the clinic. Improving the management, treatment, and potential prevention of cancers in carriers of predisposing mutations requires preclinical experimental models that reflect the key pathogenic features of the specific syndrome associated with the mutations. Numerous genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of hereditary cancer have been developed. In this review, we describe the models of Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, the two most common hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. We focus on Lynch syndrome models as illustrative of the potential for using mouse models to devise improved approaches to prevention of cancer in a high-risk population. GEM models are an invaluable tool for hereditary cancer models. Here, we review GEM models for some hereditary cancers and their potential use in cancer prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Biswas
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Clinical outcomes of curative-intent multimodal management of chemorefractory nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:30-37. [PMID: 35648170 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-01960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemorefractory nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) which progresses under neoadjuvant chemotherapy poses specific therapeutic challenges: either pursuing a curative-intent treatment with a salvage combination of radiotherapy and surgery or switching to second-line systemic treatments despite the absence of metastasis. Due to the rarity of this situation, no specific management guidelines exist and the outcomes of these patients remain uncertain. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to report the clinical outcomes of patients treated in a curative intent for chemorefractory nonmetastatic IBC, with a multimodal salvage treatment combining radiotherapy and surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-center retrospective observational study included all chemorefractory nonmetastatic IBC treated at the Institut Curie (Paris, France). Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) were calculated from the time of diagnosis and from the time of neoadjuvant chemotherapy interruption. RESULTS Between January 2010 and January 2018, 7 patients presented with chemorefractory nonmetastatic IBC with a progressive disease during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Overall, chemorefractory IBC patients were young (median age of 50 years), had a good performance status, and usually presented with node-positive tumors characterized by a combination of adverse histological factors such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), grade III, and high proliferation index. From the date of pathological diagnosis, 1‑year OS, DFS, and LRRFS were 64.3%, 53.6%, and 71.4%, respectively. From the date of neoadjuvant chemotherapy interruption, 1‑year OS, DFS, and LRRFS were 47.6%, 19.0%, and 45.7%, respectively, and median OS, DFS, and LRRFS were 8.3, 5.0, and 5.0 months, respectively. CONCLUSION The prognosis of chemorefractory nonmetastatic IBC treated with a multimodal approach combining surgery and radiotherapy is particularly reserved, despite the curative intent of the salvage treatment and the lack of distant metastasis at the time of treatment. Optimal treatment modalities are still to be defined in this rare but critical presentation of IBC.
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Albarrán V, Chamorro J, Pozas J, San Román M, Rosero DI, Saavedra C, Gion M, Cortés A, Escalera E, Guerra E, López Miranda E, Fernández Abad M, Martínez Jañez N. Maintained complete response to talazoparib in a BRCA-2 mutated metastatic luminal breast cancer: case report and review of literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1158981. [PMID: 37213307 PMCID: PMC10196382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1158981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors are progressively becoming a part of our therapeutic arsenal against BRCA-defective tumors, because of their capacity to induce synthetic lethality in cells with a deficiency in the homologous recombination repair system. Olaparib and talazoparib have been approved for metastatic breast cancer in carriers of germline BRCA mutations, which are found in approximately 6% of patients with breast cancer. We report the case of a patient with metastatic breast cancer, carrier of a germline mutation in BRCA2, with a complete response to first-line treatment with talazoparib, maintained after 6 years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest response reported with a PARP inhibitor in a BRCA-mutated tumor. We have made a review of literature, regarding the rationale for PARP inhibitors in carriers of BRCA mutations and their clinical relevance in the management of advanced breast cancer, as well as their emerging role in early stage disease, alone and in combination with other systemic therapies.
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Lopez-Perez G, Wijayatunge R, McCrum KB, Holmstrom SR, Mgbemena VE, Ross TS. BRCA1 and TP53 codeficiency causes a PARP inhibitor-sensitive erythroproliferative neoplasm. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158257. [PMID: 36346676 PMCID: PMC9869974 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene, such as 5382insC (BRCA1insC), give carriers an increased risk for breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. We have previously reported that, in mice, Brca1 deficiency in the hematopoietic system leads to pancytopenia and, as a result, early lethality. We explored the cellular consequences of Brca1-null and BRCA1insC alleles in combination with Trp53 deficiency in the murine hematopoietic system. We found that Brca1 and Trp53 codeficiency led to a highly penetrant erythroproliferative disorder that is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly and by expanded megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor (MEP) and immature erythroid blast populations. The expanded erythroid progenitor populations in both BM and spleen had the capacity to transmit the disease into secondary mouse recipients, suggesting that Brca1 and Trp53 codeficiency provides a murine model of hematopoietic neoplasia. This Brca1/Trp53 model replicated Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib sensitivity seen in existing Brca1/Trp53 breast cancer models and had the benefits of monitoring disease progression and drug responses via peripheral blood analyses without sacrificing experimental animals. In addition, this erythroid neoplasia developed much faster than murine breast cancer, allowing for increased efficiency of future preclinical studies.
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Loap P, Loirat D, Berger F, Rodrigues M, Bazire L, Pierga JY, Vincent-Salomon A, Laki F, Boudali L, Raizonville L, Mosseri V, Jochem A, Eeckhoutte A, Diallo M, Stern MH, Fourquet A, Kirova Y. Concurrent Olaparib and Radiotherapy in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The Phase 1 Olaparib and Radiation Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Trial. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:1802-1808. [PMID: 36301572 PMCID: PMC9614672 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are sensitive to poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors used as radiosensitizers. Whether combining PARP inhibitors with radiotherapy in patients with TNBC would enhance the biological effectiveness of the irradiation and improve locoregional control is unclear. Objective To assess the safety and tolerability of PARP inhibition with olaparib used concurrently with radiotherapy in patients with TNBC with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 1 prospective dose-escalation trial (Olaparib and Radiation Therapy for TNBC [RadioPARP] trial) using a time-to-event continual reassessment method was performed from September 2017 to November 2019, with follow-up until November 2021. Participants had an incomplete pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or unresectable TNBC despite previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of 0 or 1, and adequate organ functions. Interventions Olaparib was administered orally in the form of tablets and given at increasing doses (50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, or 200 mg twice daily). Olaparib therapy was started 1 week before radiotherapy and was continued concomitantly with radiotherapy. After breast-conserving surgery, a total dose of 50.4 Gy was delivered to the whole breast, with a 63-Gy simultaneously integrated boost to the tumor bed for patients younger than 60 years. After radical mastectomy or for unresectable tumors despite neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a total dose of 50.0 Gy was delivered to the chest wall (after mastectomy) or to the whole breast (for unresectable tumors). Regional lymph node stations could be treated with a total dose of 50.0 Gy to 50.4 Gy in cases of node-positive disease. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were the safety and tolerability of PARP inhibition with radiotherapy for early-stage, high-risk TNBC. Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Results Among the 24 patients included in the trial (100% female; median age, 46 years [range, 25-74 years]), no dose-limiting toxic effects were observed, and olaparib was escalated to 200 mg twice daily without reaching the maximum tolerated dose. No late treatment-related grade 3 or greater toxic effect was observed, and the maximum observed treatment-related toxic effects at the 2-year follow-up were grade 2 breast pain, fibrosis, and deformity in 1 patient (4.2%). Three-year OS and EFS were 83% (95% CI, 70%-100%) and 65% (95% CI, 48%-88%), respectively. Homologous recombination status was not associated with OS or EFS. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this phase 1 dose-escalation trial suggest that PARP inhibition with olaparib concurrently with radiotherapy for early-stage, high-risk TNBC is well tolerated and should continue to be evaluated in further clinical trials. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03109080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Loap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Loirat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Louis Bazire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Fatima Laki
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Latifa Boudali
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Anne Jochem
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Mamadou Diallo
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Fourquet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Ruigrok EAM, Verkaik NS, de Blois E, de Ridder C, Stuurman D, Roobol SJ, Van Gent DC, de Jong M, Van Weerden WM, Nonnekens J. Preclinical Assessment of the Combination of PSMA-Targeting Radionuclide Therapy with PARP Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148037. [PMID: 35887398 PMCID: PMC9316488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen targeted radionuclide therapy (PSMA-TRT) is a promising novel treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, PSMA-TRT cannot be used for curative intent yet, thus additional research on how to improve the therapeutic efficacy is warranted. A potential way of achieving this, is combining TRT with poly ADP-ribosylation inhibitors (PARPi), which has shown promising results for TRT of neuroendocrine tumor cells. Currently, several clinical trials have been initiated for this combination for PCa, however so far, no evidence of synergism is available for PCa. Therefore, we evaluated the combination of PSMA-TRT with three classes of PARPi in preclinical PCa models. In vitro viability and survival assays were performed using PSMA-expressing PCa cell lines PC3-PIP and LNCaP to assess the effect of increasing concentrations of PARPi veliparib, olaparib or talazoparib in combination with PSMA-TRT compared to single PARPi treatment. Next, DNA damage analyses were performed by quantifying the number of DNA breaks by immunofluorescent stainings. Lastly, the potential of the combination treatments was studied in vivo in mice bearing PC3-PIP xenografts. Our results show that combining PSMA-TRT with PARPi did not synergistically affect the in vitro clonogenic survival or cell viability. DNA-damage analysis revealed only a significant increase in DNA breaks when combining PSMA-TRT with veliparib and not in the other combination treatments. Moreover, PSMA-TRT with PARPi treatment did not improve tumor control compared to PSMA-TRT monotherapy. Overall, the data presented do not support the assumption that combining PSMA-TRT with PARPi leads to a synergistic antitumor effect in PCa. These results underline that extensive preclinical research using various PCa models is imperative to validate the applicability of the combination strategy for PCa, as it is for other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A. M. Ruigrok
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.R.); (E.d.B.); (C.d.R.); (D.S.); (S.J.R.); (M.d.J.)
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicole S. Verkaik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.S.V.); (D.C.V.G.)
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.R.); (E.d.B.); (C.d.R.); (D.S.); (S.J.R.); (M.d.J.)
| | - Corrina de Ridder
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.R.); (E.d.B.); (C.d.R.); (D.S.); (S.J.R.); (M.d.J.)
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Debra Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.R.); (E.d.B.); (C.d.R.); (D.S.); (S.J.R.); (M.d.J.)
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Stefan J. Roobol
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.R.); (E.d.B.); (C.d.R.); (D.S.); (S.J.R.); (M.d.J.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.S.V.); (D.C.V.G.)
| | - Dik C. Van Gent
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.S.V.); (D.C.V.G.)
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.R.); (E.d.B.); (C.d.R.); (D.S.); (S.J.R.); (M.d.J.)
| | - Wytske M. Van Weerden
- Department of Experimental Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Julie Nonnekens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.M.R.); (E.d.B.); (C.d.R.); (D.S.); (S.J.R.); (M.d.J.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (N.S.V.); (D.C.V.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Carneiro VCG, Gifoni ACLVC, Mauro Rossi B, Andrade CEMDC, Lima FTD, Galvão HDCR, Casali da Rocha JC, Silva Barreto LSD, Ashton‐Prolla P, Guindalini RSC, Farias TPD, Andrade WP, Fernandes PHDS, Ribeiro R, Lopes A, Tsunoda AT, Azevedo BRB, Marins CAM, Oliveira Uchôa DNDA, Dos Santos EAS, Fernández Coimbra FJ, Dias Filho FA, Lopes FCDO, Fernandes FG, Ritt GF, Laporte GA, Guimaraes GC, Feitosa e Castro Neto H, dos Santos JC, de Carvalho Vilela JB, Meinhardt Junior JG, Cunha JRD, Medeiros Milhomem L, da Silva LM, Maciel LDF, Ramalho NM, Leite Nunes R, Guido de Araújo R, de Assunção Ehrhardt R, Delgado Bocanegra RE, Silva Junior TC, Oliveira VRD, Silva Surimã W, de Melo Melquiades M, Ribeiro HSDC, Oliveira AF. Cancer risk‐reducing surgery: Brazilian society of surgical oncology guideline part 1 (gynecology and breast). J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:10-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.26812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vandré Cabral Gomes Carneiro
- Department of Surgey, Gynecology, Oncology Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira Recife Brazil
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, Hereditary Cancer Program Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- Department of Oncogenetic, Oncology Oncologia D'or Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Mauro Rossi
- Department of Oncogenetic, Surgical Oncology Hospital Sírio Libanês São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Teresa de Lima
- Department of Oncogenetic Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Oncogenetic UNIFESP‐EPM São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wesley Pereira Andrade
- Department of Surgery Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Surgery Hospital Oswaldo Cruz São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Surgery Hospital Santa Catarina São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Reitan Ribeiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology Hospital Erasto Gaertner Curitiba Brazil
| | - Andre Lopes
- Department of Surgical Oncology São Camilo Oncologia São Paulo Brazil
| | - Audrey Tieko Tsunoda
- Department of Surgical Oncology Hospital Erasto Gaertner Curitiba Brazil
- Department of Surgery Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Bruno Roberto Braga Azevedo
- Department of Surgical Oncology Oncoclínicas Curitiba Brazil
- Department of Surgery Pilar Hospital Curitiba Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Martinez Marins
- Department of Head and Neck, Oncological Surgery INCA Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Department of Surgery Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Guardiola Meinhardt Junior
- Department of Surgery Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Surgery Hospital Santa Rita Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Mata da Silva
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, Hereditary Cancer Program Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Moreira Ramalho
- Department of Surgey, Gynecology, Oncology Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira Recife Brazil
- Department of Oncogenetic, Oncology Oncologia D'or Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Rafael Leite Nunes
- Department of Surgery GNDI Notredame Intermédica—Hospital Salvalus São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Guido de Araújo
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, Hereditary Cancer Program Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heber Salvador de Castro Ribeiro
- Department of Oncogenetic, Abdominal Surgery A. C. Camargo Cancer Center São Paulo Brazil
- SBCO 2021‐2023 BBSO presidente Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ferreira Oliveira
- Department of Surgery Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil
- SBCO 2019‐2021 BBSO presidente Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Tossing G, Livernoche R, Maios C, Bretonneau C, Labarre A, Parker JA. Genetic and pharmacological PARP inhibition reduces axonal degeneration in C. elegans models of ALS. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3313-3324. [PMID: 35594544 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is observed in early stages of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This degeneration generally precedes apoptosis and therefore may be a promising therapeutic target. An increasing number of genes have been identified to actively regulate axonal degeneration and regeneration, however, only a few potential therapeutic targets have been identified in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we investigate DLK-1, a major axonal regeneration pathway and its contribution to axonal degeneration phenotypes in several C. elegans ALS models. From this pathway, we identified the PAR polymerases (PARP) PARP-1 and PARP-2 as the most consistent modifiers of axonal degeneration in our models of ALS. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 and PARP-2 reduces axonal degeneration and improves related motor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Tossing
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Claudia Maios
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Constantin Bretonneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Audrey Labarre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Alex Parker
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Hastings L, Sokratian A, Apicco DJ, Stanhope CM, Smith L, Hirst WD, West AB, Kelly K. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac042. [PMID: 35282165 PMCID: PMC8907490 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of α-synuclein inclusions in vulnerable neuronal populations pathologically defines Lewy body diseases including Parkinson’s disease. Recent pre-clinical studies suggest poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation and the subsequent generation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymer represent key steps in the formation of toxic α-synuclein aggregates and neurodegeneration. Several studies suggest that the inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity via the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1/2 small molecule inhibitor ABT-888 (Veliparib), a drug in clinical trials for different cancers, may prevent or ameliorate α-synuclein fibril-induced aggregation, inclusion formation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Herein, we evaluated the effects of poly(ADP-ribose) polymer on α-synuclein fibrillization in vitro, the effects of ABT-888 on the formation of fibril-seeded α-synuclein inclusions in primary mouse cortical neurons and the effects of an in-diet ABT-888 dosage regimen with the intracranial injection of α-synuclein fibrils into the mouse dorsal striatum. We found that poly(ADP-ribose) polymer minimally but significantly increased the rate of spontaneously formed α-synuclein fibrils in vitro. Machine-learning algorithms that quantitatively assessed α-synuclein inclusion counts in neurons, both in primary cultures and in the brains of fibril-injected mice, did not reveal differences between ABT-888- and vehicle-treated groups. The in-diet administered ABT-888 molecule demonstrated outstanding brain penetration in mice; however, dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra caused by α-synuclein fibril injections in the striatum was similar between ABT-888- and vehicle-treated groups. α-Synuclein fibril-induced loss of dopaminergic fibres in the dorsal striatum was also similar between ABT-888- and vehicle-treated groups. We conclude that additional pre-clinical evaluation of ABT-888 may be warranted to justify further exploration of ABT-888 for disease modification in Lewy body diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Hastings
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arpine Sokratian
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J. Apicco
- Biogen Postdoctoral Scientist Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M. Stanhope
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Warren D. Hirst
- Biogen Neurodegeneration Research Unit, Research and Early Discovery, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaela Kelly
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Correspondence to: Kaela Kelly, PhD 3 Genome Ct, Durham NC 27710, USA E-mail:
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11
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A Review of Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Adolescents and Young Adults. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215552. [PMID: 34771713 PMCID: PMC8583289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer diagnosed in patients between the ages of 15 and 39 deserves special consideration. Diagnoses within this cohort of adolescents and young adults include childhood cancers which present at an older age than expected, or an early presentation of cancers that are typically observed in older adults, such as breast cancer. Cancers within this age group are associated with worse disease-free and overall survival rates, and the incidence of these cases are rising. Knowing an individual’s susceptibility to disease can change their clinical management and allow for the risk-testing of relatives. This review discusses the risk factors that contribute to breast cancer in this unique cohort of patients, including inherited genetic risk factors, as well as environmental and lifestyle factors. We also describe risk models that allow clinicians to quantify a patient’s lifetime risk of developing disease. Abstract Cancer in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) deserves special consideration for several reasons. AYA cancers encompass paediatric malignancies that present at an older age than expected, or early-onset of cancers that are typically observed in adults. However, disease diagnosed in the AYA population is distinct to those same cancers which are diagnosed in a paediatric or older adult setting. Worse disease-free and overall survival outcomes are observed in the AYA setting, and the incidence of AYA cancers is increasing. Knowledge of an individual’s underlying cancer predisposition can influence their clinical care and may facilitate early tumour surveillance strategies and cascade testing of at-risk relatives. This information can further influence reproductive decision making. In this review we discuss the risk factors contributing to AYA breast cancer, such as heritable predisposition, environmental, and lifestyle factors. We also describe a number of risk models which incorporate genetic factors that aid clinicians in quantifying an individual’s lifetime risk of disease.
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12
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13
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Loap P, Loirat D, Berger F, Cao K, Ricci F, Jochem A, Raizonville L, Mosseri V, Fourquet A, Kirova Y. Combination of Olaparib with radiotherapy for triple-negative breast cancers: One-year toxicity report of the RADIOPARP Phase I trial. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1828-1832. [PMID: 34270809 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are sensitive to PARP1 inhibitors in vitro. The combination of Olaparib and radiotherapy for TNBC is currently evaluated in the Phase I RADIOPARP trial. RADIOPARP is a monocentric prospective open-label Phase I dose-escalation trial evaluating the combination of breast radiotherapy and Olaparib in TNBC patients with inflammatory, locoregionally advanced or metastatic disease, or with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Olaparib was orally given at increasing dose levels (50, 100, 150 or 200 mg twice a day [BID]); radiotherapy consisted of 50 Gy to the breast or chest wall with or without lymph node irradiation. Twenty-four TNBC patients were enrolled between September 2017 and November 2019. Olaparib was escalated to 200 mg BID without dose-limiting toxicities. At 1-year follow-up, no treatment-related grade ≥3 toxicity was observed. One patient (4.2%) had persistent grade 2 adverse events (breast pain, fibrosis and deformity). There was no cardiac, pulmonary or digestive toxicity related to treatment. The 1-year follow-up report of the RADIOPARP Phase I trial, evaluating Olaparib associated with breast radiotherapy in TNBC patients, consequently demonstrated an excellent toxicity profile of this combination with few low-grade adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Loap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Loirat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Kim Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Clinical Investigations, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jochem
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Alain Fourquet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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14
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Mojeiko G, Passos JS, Apolinário AC, Lopes LB. Topical transdermal chemoprevention of breast cancer: where will nanomedical approaches deliver us? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1713-1731. [PMID: 34256574 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high incidence of breast cancer, there are few pharmacological prevention strategies for the high-risk population and those that are available have low adherence. Strategies that deliver drugs directly to the breasts may increase drug local concentrations, improving efficacy, safety and acceptance. The skin of the breast has been proposed as an administration route for local transdermal therapy, which may improve drug levels in the mammary tissue, due to both deep local penetration and percutaneous absorption. In this review, we discuss the application of nanotechnology-based strategies for the delivery of well established and new agents as well as drug repurposing using the topical transdermal route to improve the outcomes of preventive therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mojeiko
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Sapienza Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Biagini Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Raimundo L, Calheiros J, Saraiva L. Exploiting DNA Damage Repair in Precision Cancer Therapy: BRCA1 as a Prime Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143438. [PMID: 34298653 PMCID: PMC8303227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemical inhibition of central DNA damage repair (DDR) proteins has become a promising approach in precision cancer therapy. In particular, BRCA1 and its DDR-associated proteins constitute important targets for developing DNA repair inhibiting drugs. This review provides relevant insights on DDR biology and pharmacology, aiming to boost the development of more effective DDR targeted therapies. Abstract Precision medicine aims to identify specific molecular alterations, such as driver mutations, allowing tailored and effective anticancer therapies. Poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are the prototypical example of targeted therapy, exploiting the inability of cancer cells to repair DNA damage. Following the concept of synthetic lethality, PARPi have gained great relevance, particularly in BRCA1 dysfunctional cancer cells. In fact, BRCA1 mutations culminate in DNA repair defects that can render cancer cells more vulnerable to therapy. However, the efficacy of these drugs has been greatly affected by the occurrence of resistance due to multi-connected DNA repair pathways that may compensate for each other. Hence, the search for additional effective agents targeting DNA damage repair (DDR) is of crucial importance. In this context, BRCA1 has assumed a central role in developing drugs aimed at inhibiting DNA repair activity. Collectively, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the biology and regulatory mechanisms of DDR pathways, highlighting the potential of DDR-associated molecules, particularly BRCA1 and its interconnected partners, in precision cancer medicine. It also affords an overview about what we have achieved and a reflection on how much remains to be done in this field, further addressing encouraging clues for the advance of DDR targeted therapy.
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Moccia C, Haase K. Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip-Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:694218. [PMID: 34249889 PMCID: PMC8261144 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.694218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide, and while hormone receptor positive subtypes have a clear and effective treatment strategy, other subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancers, do not. Development of new drugs, antibodies, or immune targets requires significant re-consideration of current preclinical models, which frequently fail to mimic the nuances of patient-specific breast cancer subtypes. Each subtype, together with the expression of different markers, genetic and epigenetic profiles, presents a unique tumor microenvironment, which promotes tumor development and progression. For this reason, personalized treatments targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to mitigate breast cancer progression, particularly for aggressive triple negative subtypes. To-date, animal models remain the gold standard for examining new therapeutic targets; however, there is room for in vitro tools to bridge the biological gap with humans. Tumor-on-chip technologies allow for precise control and examination of the tumor microenvironment and may add to the toolbox of current preclinical models. These new models include key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (stroma, vasculature and immune cells) which have been employed to understand metastases, multi-organ interactions, and, importantly, to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in humanized physiologic systems. This review provides insight into advanced in vitro tumor models specific to breast cancer, and discusses their potential and limitations for use as future preclinical patient-specific tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the constitutive nuclear and mitochondrial enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cell dysfunction, inflammation, and organ failure in various forms of critical illness. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib in an experimental model of pancreatitis in vivo and in a pancreatic cell line subjected to oxidative stress in vitro. The preclinical studies were complemented with analysis of clinical samples to detect PARP activation in pancreatitis. METHODS Mice were subjected to cerulein-induced pancreatitis; circulating mediators and circulating organ injury markers; pancreatic myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels were measured and histology of the pancreas was assessed. In human pancreatic duct epithelial cells (HPDE) subjected to oxidative stress, PARP activation was measured by PAR Western blotting and cell viability and DNA integrity were quantified. In clinical samples, PARP activation was assessed by PAR (the enzymatic product of PARP) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In male mice subjected to pancreatitis, olaparib (3 mg/kg i.p.) improved pancreatic function: it reduced pancreatic myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels, attenuated the plasma amylase levels, and improved the histological picture of the pancreas. It also attenuated the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IP-10, KC) but not MCP-1, RANTES, or the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Finally, it prevented the slight, but significant increase in plasma blood urea nitrogen level, suggesting improved renal function. The protective effect of olaparib was also confirmed in female mice. In HPDE cells subjected to oxidative stress olaparib (1 μM) inhibited PARP activity, protected against the loss of cell viability, and prevented the loss of cellular NAD levels. Olaparib, at 1μM to 30 μM did not have any adverse effects on DNA integrity. In human pancreatic samples from patients who died of pancreatitis, increased accumulation of PAR was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Olaparib improves organ function and tempers the hyperinflammatory response in pancreatitis. It also protects against pancreatic cell injury in vitro without adversely affecting DNA integrity. Repurposing and eventual clinical introduction of this clinically approved PARP inhibitor may be warranted for the experimental therapy of pancreatitis.
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18
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Raimundo L, Paterna A, Calheiros J, Ribeiro J, Cardoso DSP, Piga I, Neto SJ, Hegan D, Glazer PM, Indraccolo S, Mulhovo S, Costa JL, Ferreira MJU, Saraiva L. BBIT20 inhibits homologous DNA repair with disruption of the BRCA1-BARD1 interaction in breast and ovarian cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3627-3647. [PMID: 33899955 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Advances in the treatment of triple-negative breast and ovarian cancer remain challenging. In particular, resistance to the available therapy, by restoring or overexpressing the DNA repair machinery, has often been reported. New strategies to improve the therapeutic outcomes of these cancers are needed. Herein, we disclose the dregamine 5-bromo-pyridin-2-ylhydrazone (BBIT20), a natural monoterpene indole alkaloid derivative, as an inhibitor of homologous DNA repair. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To unveil BBIT20 antitumour activity and underlying molecular mechanism of action, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, patient-derived cell lines and xenograft mouse models were used. KEY RESULTS BBIT20 disrupted the BRCA1-BARD1 interaction, triggering nuclear-to-cytoplasmic BRCA1 translocation, cell cycle arrest and downregulation of homologous DNA repair-related genes and proteins, with subsequent enhancement of DNA damage, reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis, in triple-negative breast and ovarian cancer cells. BBIT20 also displayed pronounced antitumour activity in patient-derived cells and xenograft mouse models of ovarian cancer, with low toxicity in non-malignant cells and undetectable side effects in mice. Additionally, it did not induce resistance in triple-negative breast and ovarian cancer and displayed marked synergistic effects with cisplatin and olaparib (a poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase inhibitor), on 2D and 3D models of these cancer cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings add an inhibitor of the BRCA1-BARD1 interaction to the list of DNA-damaging agents. Importantly, either as a single agent or in combination therapy, BBIT20 reveals great potential in the personalized treatment of aggressive and resistant cancers, particularly triple-negative breast and advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Raimundo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Angela Paterna
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Juliana Calheiros
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - David S P Cardoso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ilaria Piga
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV, IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Susana Junqueira Neto
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Praça de Gomes Teixeira, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Denise Hegan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, CT06511, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, CT06511, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, CT06511, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, CT06511, USA
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV, IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Silva Mulhovo
- Centro de Estudos Moçambicanos e de Etnociências (CEMEC), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Pedagogical University, Maputo, 21402161, Mozambique
| | - José Luís Costa
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Praça de Gomes Teixeira, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Maria-José U Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Basic and translational breast cancer research relies heavily on experimental animal models. Ideally, such models for breast cancer should have commonality with human breast cancer in terms of tumor etiology, biological behavior, pathology, and response to therapeutics. This review introduces current progress in different breast cancer experimental animal models and analyzes their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications. Finally, we propose future research directions for breast cancer animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ce-Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
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20
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Zhang D, Singh B, Moerland J, Mitchell O, Lockwood L, Carapellucci S, Sridhar S, Liby KT. Sustained, local delivery of the PARP inhibitor talazoparib prevents the development of mammary gland hyperplasia in Brca1-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1234. [PMID: 33441637 PMCID: PMC7806744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in BRCA genes are the leading cause of hereditary breast cancer. Current options to prevent cancer in these high-risk patients, such as anti-estrogen drugs and radical mastectomy, are limited by lack of efficacy, undesirable toxicities, or physical and emotional challenges. We have previously shown that PARP inhibitors can significantly delay tumor development in BRCA1-deficient mice. Here, we fabricated the PARP inhibitor talazoparib (TLZ) into spacer implants (InCeT-TLZ) for localized and sustained delivery. We hypothesized that this novel formulation will provide an effective chemopreventive strategy with minimal toxicity. TLZ was released gradually over 30 days as implants degraded. InCeT-TLZ significantly decreased proliferation and increased DNA damage in the mammary glands of BRCA1-deficient mice. Notably, the number of mice that developed hyperplasia in the mammary glands was significantly lower with InCeT-TLZ treatment compared to the control group. Meanwhile, InCeT-TLZ was also better tolerated than oral TLZ, without loss of body weight or anemia. This study provides proof of concept for a novel and safe chemopreventive strategy using localized delivery of a PARP inhibitor for high-risk individuals. Future studies will directly evaluate the effects of InCeT-TLZ for preventing tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Bijay Singh
- Theranano LLC, 41 Esty Farm Road, Newton, MA, 02459, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Moerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Owen Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lizbeth Lockwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Carapellucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Theranano LLC, 41 Esty Farm Road, Newton, MA, 02459, USA.
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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21
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Loap P, Loirat D, Berger F, Ricci F, Vincent-Salomon A, Ezzili C, Mosseri V, Fourquet A, Ezzalfani M, Kirova Y. Combination of Olaparib and Radiation Therapy for Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results of the RADIOPARP Phase 1 Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 109:436-440. [PMID: 32971187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies have evidenced that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines are more sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. This provides a strong rationale for developing a new therapeutic approach for TNBC management based on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. The primary goal of the RADIOPARP phase 1 trial was to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and the maximum tolerated dose of olaparib combined with locoregional radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS RADIOPARP was a single institutional phase 1 trial which evaluated olaparib-radiation therapy combination in patients with inflammatory, locoregionally advanced or metastatic TNBC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Radiation therapy delivered 50 Gy to the breast or to the chest wall. Lymph nodes could be included in target volumes according to local guidelines. The dose-finding toxicity-based study was conducted in sequential and adaptive Bayesian scheme using the time-to-event continual reassessment method, with 4 olaparib dose levels (50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg twice per day). RESULTS Twenty-four patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0 or 1 were enrolled from September 2017 to November 2019. Twenty-one patients (87.5%) received the olaparib-radiation therapy combination after breast surgery owing to residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the 3 other patients (12.5%) had unresectable tumors which were refractory to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients received full course combination treatment as follows: 4 patients (pts) at 50 mg twice a day, 8 pts at 100 mg twice a day, 7 pts at 150 mg twice a day, and 5 pts at 200 mg twice a day. No DLT was observed. CONCLUSIONS Olaparib was escalated to the maximum target dose of 200 mg twice a day without DLT. Further follow-up is needed to evaluate the late toxicities. Pending the long-term results of the RADIOPARP trial, we suggest using 200 mg of olaparib twice per day for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Loap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Delphine Loirat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyrine Ezzili
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Fourquet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Monia Ezzalfani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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22
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Zebrafish Xenografts Unveil Sensitivity to Olaparib beyond BRCA Status. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071769. [PMID: 32630796 PMCID: PMC7408583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in BRCA-mutated cells results in an incapacity to repair DNA damage, leading to cell death caused by synthetic lethality. Within the treatment options for advanced triple negative breast cancer, the PARP inhibitor olaparib is only given to patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. However, these patients may show resistance to this drug and BRCA1/2 wild-type tumors can show a striking sensitivity, making BRCA status a poor biomarker for treatment choice. Aiming to investigate if the zebrafish model can discriminate sensitivities to olaparib, we developed zebrafish xenografts with different BRCA status and measured tumor response to treatment, as well as its impact on angiogenesis and metastasis. When challenged with olaparib, xenografts revealed sensitivity phenotypes independent of BRCA. Moreover, its combination with ionizing radiation increased the cytotoxic effects, showing potential as a combinatorial regimen. In conclusion, we show that the zebrafish xenograft model may be used as a sensitivity profiling platform for olaparib in monotherapy or in combinatorial regimens. Hence, this model presents as a promising option for the future establishment of patient-derived xenografts for personalized medicine approaches beyond BRCA status.
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Raimundo L, Ramos H, Loureiro JB, Calheiros J, Saraiva L. BRCA1/P53: Two strengths in cancer chemoprevention. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188339. [PMID: 31917206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing emphasis has been given to prevention as a feasible approach to reduce the cancer burden. However, for its clinical success, further advances are required to identify effective chemopreventive agents. This review affords a critical and up-to-date discussion of issues related to cancer prevention, including an in-depth knowledge on BRCA1 and p53 tumor suppressor proteins as key molecular players. Indeed, it compiles the most recent advances on the topic, highlighting the unique potential of BRCA1 and p53 germline mutations as molecular biomarkers for risk assessment and targets for chemoprevention. Relevant evidences are herein provided supporting the effectiveness of distinct pharmacological agents in cancer prevention, by targeting BRCA1 and p53. Moreover, the rationale for using germline mutant BRCA1- or p53-related cancer syndromes as model systems to investigate effective chemopreventive agents is also addressed. Altogether, this work provides an innovative conception about the dependence on p53 and BRCA1 co-inactivation in tumor formation and development, emphasizing the relationship between these two proteins as an encouraging direction for future personalized pharmacological interventions in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Raimundo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ramos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B Loureiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Calheiros
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Azim HA, Ghosn M, Oualla K, Kassem L. Personalized treatment in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: The outlook in 2020. Breast J 2019; 26:69-80. [PMID: 31872557 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Compared with other breast cancer subtypes, patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and irrespective to their disease stage, were always recognized to have the worst overall survival data. Although this does not seem different at the present time, yet the last few years have witnessed many breakthrough genomic and molecular findings, that could dramatically improve our understanding of the biological complexity of TNBC. Based on genomic analyses, it was consistently evident that TNBC comprises a heterogeneous group of cancers, which have numerous diverse molecular aberrations. This-in return-has provided a platform for a new generation of clinical trials using many innovative therapies, directed against such novel targets. At the present time, two PARP inhibitors and one anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (in combination with chemotherapy) have been approved in certain subpopulations of metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) patients, which have finally brought this disease into the era of personalized medicine. In the current review, we will explore the genomic landscape of TNBC, through which many actionable targets were graduated. We will also discuss the results of the key-practice changing-clinical studies, and some upcoming personalized treatment options for patients with mTNBC, that may be clinically adopted in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy A Azim
- Clinical Oncology Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Clinical Oncology Department, Cairo Oncology Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwan Ghosn
- Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital and Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karima Oualla
- Medical Oncology Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Fes, Morocco
| | - Loay Kassem
- Clinical Oncology Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Clinical Oncology Department, Cairo Oncology Center, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Pilié PG, Gay CM, Byers LA, O'Connor MJ, Yap TA. PARP Inhibitors: Extending Benefit Beyond BRCA-Mutant Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3759-3771. [PMID: 30760478 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A mounting body of evidence now indicates that PARP inhibitors have the potential to be used as a foundation for both monotherapy and combination strategies across a wide spectrum of molecular backgrounds and tumor types. Although PARP inhibitors as a class display many similarities, critical differences in structure can translate into differences in tolerability and antitumor activity that have important implications for the clinic. Furthermore, while PARP inhibitors have demonstrated a clear role in treating tumors with underlying homologous recombination deficiencies, there is now biological and early clinical evidence to support their use in other molecular subsets of cancer, including tumors associated with high levels of replication stress such as small-cell lung cancer. In this article, we highlight the key similarities and differences between individual PARP inhibitors and their implications for the clinic. We discuss data that currently support clinical strategies for extending the benefit of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA-mutant cancers, toward broader populations of patients through the use of novel biomarkers of homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD), as well as predictive biomarkers rooted in mechanisms of sensitivity outside of HRD. We also explore the potential application of PARP inhibitors in earlier treatment settings, including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and even chemoprevention approaches. Finally, we focus on promising combination therapeutic strategies, such as those with other DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors such as ATR inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and non-DDR-targeted agents that induce "chemical BRCAness."
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J O'Connor
- Oncology Innovative Medicines and Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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26
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Abstract
Les progrès du séquençage à haut débit permettent de rechercher simultanément des mutations sur plusieurs gènes pour explorer la prédisposition héréditaire au cancer du sein. Selon le gène, le niveau de risque et le spectre des cancers peuvent varier. Les dispositions spécifiques de prise en charge préconisées sont modulées en fonction des gènes, classés en : (1) très haut risque, tels les gènes BRCA1/2 suivant les recommandations de l’INCa 2017 ; (2) risque élevé ; (3) augmentation modérée : dans ce dernier cas, les mesures de surveillance sont similaires à la population générale. En l’absence de mutation, d’autres facteurs de risque peuvent intervenir et des scores professionnels être calculés. Cependant, selon les recommandations de la HAS 2014, l’histoire familiale prévaut : sur cette base, le dispositif national d’oncogénétique de l’INCa a mis en place un maillage national de réseaux de suivi des personnes à haut risque, présentant ou non des mutations. Enfin, de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques spécifiques s’ouvrent pour les personnes porteuses de mutations.
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27
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Hwang SY, Park S, Kwon Y. Recent therapeutic trends and promising targets in triple negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 199:30-57. [PMID: 30825473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for 25% of all types of cancer in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises around 15~20% of breast cancers. Conventional chemotherapy and radiation are the primary systemic therapeutic strategies; no other FDA-approved targeted therapies are yet available as for TNBC. TNBC is generally characterized by a poor prognosis and high rates of proliferation and metastases. Due to these aggressive features and lack of targeted therapies, numerous attempts have been made to discover viable molecular targets for TNBC. Massive cohort studies, clinical trials, and in-depth analyses have revealed diverse molecular alterations in TNBC; however, controversy exists as to whether many of these changes are beneficial or detrimental in caner progression. Here we review the complicated tumorigenic processes and discuss critical findings and therapeutic trends in TNBC with a focus on promising therapeutic approaches, the clinical trials currently underway, and potent experimental compounds under preclinical and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Nur Husna SM, Tan HTT, Mohamud R, Dyhl-Polk A, Wong KK. Inhibitors targeting CDK4/6, PARP and PI3K in breast cancer: a review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918808509. [PMID: 30542378 PMCID: PMC6236629 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918808509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the global leading cause of cancer-related death in women and it
represents a major health burden worldwide. One of the promising breast cancer
therapeutic avenues is through small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) which have
undergone rapid progress with successful clinical trials. Recently, three
emerging and vital groups of proteins are targeted by SMIs for breast cancer
treatment, namely cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), poly (adenosine
diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
Several of these inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of breast
cancer patients or progressed into late-stage clinical trials. Thus, modeling
from these successful clinical trials, as well as their limitations, is pivotal
for future development and trials of other inhibitors or therapeutic regimens
targeting breast cancer patients. In this review, we discuss eight recently
approved or novel SMIs against CDK4/6 (palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib),
PARP (olaparib, veliparib and talazoparib), and PI3K (buparlisib and alpelisib).
The mechanisms of action, series of clinical trials and limitations are
described for each inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hern-Tze Tina Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anne Dyhl-Polk
- Department of Oncology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
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Abstract
The concept of replenishing or elevating NAD+ availability to combat metabolic disease and ageing is an area of intense research. This has led to a need to define the endogenous regulatory pathways and mechanisms cells and tissues utilise to maximise NAD+ availability such that strategies to intervene in the clinical setting are able to be fully realised. This review discusses the importance of different salvage pathways involved in metabolising the vitamin B3 class of NAD+ precursor molecules, with a particular focus on the recently identified nicotinamide riboside kinase pathway at both a tissue-specific and systemic level.
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30
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DNA Repair Deficient Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Exhibiting Differential Sensitivity to Charged Particle Radiation under Aerobic and Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082228. [PMID: 30061540 PMCID: PMC6121575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that hypoxia significantly increases both cellular and tumor resistance to ionizing radiation. Hypoxia associated radiation resistance has been known for some time but there has been limited success in sensitizing cells to radiation under hypoxic conditions. These studies show that, when irradiated with low linear energy transfer (LET) gamma-rays, poly (ADP-ribose), polymerase (PARP), Fanconi Anemia (FANC), and mutant Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells respond similarly to the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and the homologous recombination (HR) repair mutant CHO cells. Comparable results were observed in cells exposed to 13 keV/μm carbon ions. However, when irradiated with higher LET spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) carbon ions, we observed a decrease in the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) in all the DNA of repair mutant cell lines. Interestingly, PARP mutant cells were observed as having the largest decrease in OER. Finally, these studies show a significant increase in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of high LET SOBP carbon and iron ions in HR and PARP mutants. There was also an increase in the RBE of NHEJ mutants when irradiated to SOBP carbon and iron ions. However, this increase was lower than in other mutant cell lines. These findings indicate that high LET radiation produces unique types of DNA damage under hypoxic conditions and PARP and HR repair pathways play a role in repairing this damage.
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31
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Leão RRN, Price AJ, James Hamilton R. Germline BRCA mutation in male carriers-ripe for precision oncology? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 21:48-56. [PMID: 29242595 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-017-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the known heritable cancers with individual variations attributed to genetic factors. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumour suppressor genes with crucial roles in repairing DNA and thereby maintaining genomic integrity. Germline BRCA mutations predispose to multiple familial tumour types including PC. METHODS We performed a Pubmed database search along with review of reference lists from prominent articles to capture papers exploring the association between BRCA mtuations and prostate cancer risk and prognosis. Articles were retrieved until May 2017 and filtered for relevance, and publication type. RESULTS We explored familial PC genetics; discussed the discovery and magnitude of the association between BRCA mutations and PC risk and outcome; examined implications of factoring BRCA mutations into PC screening; and discussed the rationale for chemoprevention in this high-risk population. We confirmed that BRCA1/2 mutations confer an up to 4.5-fold and 8.3-fold increased risk of PC, respectively. BRCA2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of high-grade disease, progression to metastatic castration-resistant disease, and 5-year cancer-specific survival rates of 50 to 60%. CONCLUSION Despite the growing body of research on DNA repair genes, deeper analysis is needed to understand the aetiological role of germline BRCA mutations in the natural history of PC. There is a need for awareness to screen for this marker of PC risk. There is similarly an opportunity for structured PC screening programs for BRCA mutation carriers. Finally, further research is required to identify potential chemopreventive strategies for this high-risk subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aryeh Joshua Price
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert James Hamilton
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Menendez JA, Folguera-Blasco N, Cuyàs E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Joven J, Alarcón T. Accelerated geroncogenesis in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11959-71. [PMID: 26943589 PMCID: PMC4914261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The geroncogenesis hypothesis postulates that the decline in metabolic cellular health that occurs naturally with aging drives a "field effect" predisposing normal tissues for cancer development. We propose that mutations in the cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1/2 might trigger "accelerated geroncogenesis" in breast and ovarian epithelia. By speeding up the rate at which the metabolic threshold becomes "permissive" with survival and expansion of genomically unstable pre-tumoral epithelial cells, BRCA haploinsufficiency-driven metabolic reprogramming would operate as a bona fide oncogenic event enabling malignant transformation and tumor formation in BRCA carriers. The metabolic facet of BRCA1 one-hit might involve tissue-specific alterations in acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate, NAD+, FAD, or S-adenosylmethionine, critical factors for de/methylation or de/acetylation dynamics in the nuclear epigenome. This in turn might induce faulty epigenetic reprogramming at the "install phase" that directs cell-specific differentiation of breast/ovarian epithelial cells, which can ultimately determine the penetrance of BRCA defects during developmental windows of susceptibility. This model offers a framework to study whether metabolic drugs that prevent or revert metabolic reprogramming induced by BRCA haploinsufficiency might displace the "geroncogenic risk" of BRCA carriers to the age typical for those without the mutation. The identification of the key nodes that directly communicate changes in cellular metabolism to the chromatin in BRCA haploinsufficient cells may allow the epigenetic targeting of genomic instability using exclusively metabolic means. The validation of accelerated geroncogenesis as an inherited "one-hit" metabolic "field effect" might offer new strategies to therapeutically revisit the apparently irreversible genetic-hereditary fate of women with hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Folguera-Blasco
- Computational and Mathematical Biology Research Group, Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Salt, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Tomás Alarcón
- Computational and Mathematical Biology Research Group, Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana d'Estudis i Recerca Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Barcelona, Spain
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Jaffee EM, Dang CV, Agus DB, Alexander BM, Anderson KC, Ashworth A, Barker AD, Bastani R, Bhatia S, Bluestone JA, Brawley O, Butte AJ, Coit DG, Davidson NE, Davis M, DePinho RA, Diasio RB, Draetta G, Frazier AL, Futreal A, Gambhir SS, Ganz PA, Garraway L, Gerson S, Gupta S, Heath J, Hoffman RI, Hudis C, Hughes-Halbert C, Ibrahim R, Jadvar H, Kavanagh B, Kittles R, Le QT, Lippman SM, Mankoff D, Mardis ER, Mayer DK, McMasters K, Meropol NJ, Mitchell B, Naredi P, Ornish D, Pawlik TM, Peppercorn J, Pomper MG, Raghavan D, Ritchie C, Schwarz SW, Sullivan R, Wahl R, Wolchok JD, Wong SL, Yung A. Future cancer research priorities in the USA: a Lancet Oncology Commission. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e653-e706. [PMID: 29208398 PMCID: PMC6178838 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We are in the midst of a technological revolution that is providing new insights into human biology and cancer. In this era of big data, we are amassing large amounts of information that is transforming how we approach cancer treatment and prevention. Enactment of the Cancer Moonshot within the 21st Century Cures Act in the USA arrived at a propitious moment in the advancement of knowledge, providing nearly US$2 billion of funding for cancer research and precision medicine. In 2016, the Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP) set out a roadmap of recommendations designed to exploit new advances in cancer diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Those recommendations provided a high-level view of how to accelerate the conversion of new scientific discoveries into effective treatments and prevention for cancer. The US National Cancer Institute is already implementing some of those recommendations. As experts in the priority areas identified by the BRP, we bolster those recommendations to implement this important scientific roadmap. In this Commission, we examine the BRP recommendations in greater detail and expand the discussion to include additional priority areas, including surgical oncology, radiation oncology, imaging, health systems and health disparities, regulation and financing, population science, and oncopolicy. We prioritise areas of research in the USA that we believe would accelerate efforts to benefit patients with cancer. Finally, we hope the recommendations in this report will facilitate new international collaborations to further enhance global efforts in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi Van Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research New York, NY; Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - David B Agus
- University of Southern California, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Brian M Alexander
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Roshan Bastani
- Fielding School of Public Health and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sangeeta Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Atul J Butte
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel G Coit
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Davis
- California Institute for Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Giulio Draetta
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Lindsay Frazier
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Ganz
- Fielding School of Public Health and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Levi Garraway
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Eli Lilly and Company, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sumit Gupta
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Faculty of Medicine and IHPME, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Heath
- California Institute for Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ruth I Hoffman
- American Childhood Cancer Organization, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Cliff Hudis
- Breast Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chanita Hughes-Halbert
- Medical University of South Carolina and the Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ramy Ibrahim
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hossein Jadvar
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Kavanagh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rick Kittles
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Scott M Lippman
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Mankoff
- Department of Radiology and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, OH, USA; College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deborah K Mayer
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelly McMasters
- The Hiram C Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dean Ornish
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Martin G Pomper
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek Raghavan
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Sally W Schwarz
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard Wahl
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandra L Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Alfred Yung
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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PARP Inhibition by Flavonoids Induced Selective Cell Killing to BRCA2-Deficient Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10040080. [PMID: 29023372 PMCID: PMC5748637 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High consumption of dietary flavonoids might contribute to a reduction of cancer risks. Quercetin and its glycosides have PARP inhibitory effects and can induce selective cytotoxicity in BRCA2-deficient cells by synthetic lethality. We hypothesized that common flavonoids in diet naringenin, hesperetin and their glycosides have a similar structure to quercetin, which might have comparable PARP inhibitory effects, and can induce selective cytotoxicity in BRCA2-deficient cells. We utilized Chinese hamster V79 wild type, V-C8 BRCA2-deficient and its gene-complemented cells. In vitro analysis revealed that both naringenin and hesperetin present a PARP inhibitory effect. This inhibitory effect is less specific than for quercetin. Hesperetin was more cytotoxic to V79 cells than quercetin and naringenin based on colony formation assay. Quercetin and naringenin killed V-C8 cells with lower concentrations, and presented selective cytotoxicity to BRCA2-deficient cells. However, the cytotoxicity of hesperetin was similar among all three cell lines. Glycosyl flavonoids, isoquercetin and rutin as well as naringin showed selective cytotoxicity to BRCA2-deficient cells; hesperidin did not. These results suggest that flavonoids with the PARP inhibitory effect can cause synthetic lethality to BRCA2-deficient cells when other pathways are not the primary cause of death.
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Belz JE, Kumar R, Baldwin P, Ojo NC, Leal AS, Royce DB, Zhang D, van de Ven AL, Liby KT, Sridhar S. Sustained Release Talazoparib Implants for Localized Treatment of BRCA1-deficient Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4340-4349. [PMID: 29158830 PMCID: PMC5695017 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Talazoparib, a potent PARP inhibitor, has shown promising clinical and pre-clinical activity by inducing synthetic lethality in cancers with germline Brca1/2 mutations. Conventional oral delivery of Talazoparib is associated with significant off-target effects, therefore we sought to develop new delivery systems in the form of an implant loaded with Talazoparib for localized, slow and sustained release of the drug at the tumor site in Brca1-deficient breast cancer. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants (0.8 mm diameter) loaded with subclinical dose (25 or 50 µg) Talazoparib were fabricated and characterized. In vitro studies with Brca1-deficient W780 and W0069 breast cancer cells were conducted to test sensitivity to PARP inhibition. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of Talazoparib implants was assessed following a one-time intratumoral injection in Brca1Co/Co;MMTV-Cre;p53+/- mice and compared to drug-free implants and oral gavage. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed on tumor sections using PCNA and γ-H2AX staining. Sustained release of Talazoparib was observed over 28 days in vitro. Mice treated with Talazoparib implants showed statistically significant tumor growth inhibition compared to those receiving drug-free implants or free Talazoparib orally. Talazoparib implants were well-tolerated at both drug doses and resulted in less weight loss than oral gavage. PARP inhibition in mice treated with Talazoparib implants significantly increased double-stranded DNA damage and decreased tumor cell proliferation as shown by PCNA and γ-H2AX staining as compared to controls. These results demonstrate that localized and sustained delivery of Talazoparib via implants has potential to provide superior treatment outcomes at sub-clinical doses with minimal toxicity in patients with BRCA1 deficient tumors.
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Axelrod DE, Bravo R. Chemoprevention of colon cancer: advantage of intermittent pulse treatment schedules quantified by computer simulation of human colon crypts. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa82e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Spira A, Yurgelun MB, Alexandrov L, Rao A, Bejar R, Polyak K, Giannakis M, Shilatifard A, Finn OJ, Dhodapkar M, Kay NE, Braggio E, Vilar E, Mazzilli SA, Rebbeck TR, Garber JE, Velculescu VE, Disis ML, Wallace DC, Lippman SM. Precancer Atlas to Drive Precision Prevention Trials. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1510-1541. [PMID: 28373404 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology. In this Perspective, we propose a national concerted effort to create a Precancer Atlas (PCA), integrating multi-omics and immunity - basic tenets of the neoplastic process. The biology of neoplasia caused by germline mutations has led to paradigm-changing precision prevention efforts, including: tumor testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lynch syndrome establishing a new paradigm, combinatorial chemoprevention efficacy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), signal of benefit from imaging-based early detection research in high-germline risk for pancreatic neoplasia, elucidating early ontogeny in BRCA1-mutation carriers leading to an international breast cancer prevention trial, and insights into the intricate germline-somatic-immunity interaction landscape. Emerging genetic and pharmacologic (metformin) disruption of mitochondrial (mt) respiration increased autophagy to prevent cancer in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model (biology reproduced in clinical pilot) and revealed profound influences of subtle changes in mt DNA background variation on obesity, aging, and cancer risk. The elaborate communication between the immune system and neoplasia includes an increasingly complex cellular microenvironment and dynamic interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbes in shaping the immune response. Cancer vaccines are in early murine and clinical precancer studies, building on the recent successes of immunotherapy and HPV vaccine immune prevention. Molecular monitoring in Barrett's esophagus to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment highlights an important PCA theme. Next generation sequencing (NGS) discovered age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Ultra-deep NGS reports over the past year have redefined the premalignant landscape remarkably identifying tiny clones in the blood of up to 95% of women in their 50s, suggesting that potentially premalignant clones are ubiquitous. Similar data from eyelid skin and peritoneal and uterine lavage fluid provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the earliest phases of stem/progenitor clonal (and microenvironment) evolution/diversity with new single-cell and liquid biopsy technologies. Cancer mutational signatures reflect exogenous or endogenous processes imprinted over time in precursors. Accelerating the prevention of cancer will require a large-scale, longitudinal effort, leveraging diverse disciplines (from genetics, biochemistry, and immunology to mathematics, computational biology, and engineering), initiatives, technologies, and models in developing an integrated multi-omics and immunity PCA - an immense national resource to interrogate, target, and intercept events that drive oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1510-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neil E Kay
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary L Disis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Berger NA, Besson VC, Boulares AH, Bürkle A, Chiarugi A, Clark RS, Curtin NJ, Cuzzocrea S, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Haskó G, Liaudet L, Moroni F, Pacher P, Radermacher P, Salzman AL, Snyder SH, Soriano FG, Strosznajder RP, Sümegi B, Swanson RA, Szabo C. Opportunities for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors for the therapy of non-oncological diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:192-222. [PMID: 28213892 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent clinical availability of the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) opens the door for potential therapeutic repurposing for non-oncological indications. Considering (a) the preclinical efficacy data with PARP inhibitors in non-oncological diseases and (b) the risk-benefit ratio of treating patients with a compound that inhibits an enzyme that has physiological roles in the regulation of DNA repair, we have selected indications, where (a) the severity of the disease is high, (b) the available therapeutic options are limited, and (c) the duration of PARP inhibitor administration could be short, to provide first-line options for therapeutic repurposing. These indications are as follows: acute ischaemic stroke; traumatic brain injury; septic shock; acute pancreatitis; and severe asthma and severe acute lung injury. In addition, chronic, devastating diseases, where alternative therapeutic options cannot halt disease development (e.g. Parkinson's disease, progressive multiple sclerosis or severe fibrotic diseases), should also be considered. We present a preclinical and clinical action plan for the repurposing of PARP inhibitors. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Berger
- Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie C Besson
- EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Headache Center - University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert S Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology and Department of Physiology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burn Center, University Hospital Medical Center, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Moroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neurology and Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Balázs Sümegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Alothman SJ, Wang W, Goerlitz DS, Islam M, Zhong X, Kishore A, Azhar RI, Kallakury BV, Furth PA. Responsiveness of Brca1 and Trp53 Deficiency-Induced Mammary Preneoplasia to Selective Estrogen Modulators versus an Aromatase Inhibitor in Mus musculus. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:244-254. [PMID: 28283467 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An intervention study initiated at age 4 months compared the impact of tamoxifen (25 mg), raloxifene (22.5 mg), and letrozole (2.5 mg) administered by 60-day release subcutaneous pellet on mammary preneoplasia prevalence at age 6 months in conditional genetically engineered mouse models with different Breast cancer 1 (Brca1) gene dosages targeted to mammary epithelial cells and germline Tumor protein P53 (Trp53) haploinsufficiency (10-16/cohort). The proportion of unexposed control mice demonstrating mammary preneoplasia at age 6 months was highest in Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ (54%) mice followed by Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice (30%). By age 12 months, invasive mammary cancers appeared in 80% of Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ and 42% of Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ control unexposed mice. The spectrum of cancer histology was similar in both models without somatic mutation of the nongenetically engineered Brca1, Trp53, Brca2, or Death-associated protein kinase 3 (Dapk3) alleles. Two-month exposure to tamoxifen, raloxifene, and letrozole significantly reduced estrogen-mediated tertiary branching by 65%, 71%, and 78%, respectively, in Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice at age 6 months. However, only letrozole significantly reduced hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) prevalence (by 52%) and number (by 30%) and invasive cancer appeared despite tamoxifen exposure. In contrast, tamoxifen significantly reduced HAN number by 95% in Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice. Control mice with varying combinations of the different genetically modified alleles and MMTV-Cre transgene demonstrated that the combination of Brca1 insufficiency and Trp53 haploinsufficiency was required for appearance of preneoplasia and no individual genetic alteration confounded the response to tamoxifen. In summary, although specific antihormonal approaches showed effectiveness, with Brca1 gene dosage implicated as a possible modifying variable, more effective chemopreventive approaches for Brca1 mutation-induced cancer may require alternative and/or additional agents. Cancer Prev Res; 10(4); 244-54. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar J Alothman
- Graduate School of Arts and Science, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Weisheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - David S Goerlitz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Md Islam
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Archana Kishore
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Redha I Azhar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Bhaskar V Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. .,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Ahmad A, Olah G, Herndon DN, Szabo C. The clinically used PARP inhibitor olaparib improves organ function, suppresses inflammatory responses and accelerates wound healing in a murine model of third-degree burn injury. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:232-245. [PMID: 28146604 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The PARP inhibitor olaparib has recently been approved for human use for the therapy of cancer. Considering the role of PARP in critical illness, we tested the effect of olaparib in a murine model of burn injury, in order to begin exploring the feasibility of repurposing olaparib for the therapy of burn patients. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to scald burn injury and randomized into vehicle or olaparib (10 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 i.p.) groups. Outcome variables included indices of organ injury, clinical chemistry parameters, plasma levels of inflammatory mediators (at 24 h, 7 and 21 days) and burn wound size (at 21 days). KEY RESULTS Olaparib reduced myeloperoxidase levels in heart and lung homogenates and reduced malondialdehyde levels in all tissues 24 h post-burn. Olaparib also reduced circulating alkaline aminotransferase, amylase and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, indicative of protection against hepatic, pancreatic and renal dysfunction. Pro-inflammatory mediator (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, GCSF, GM-CSF, eotaxin, KC, MIP-1-α and IL-3, 6 and 12) levels as well as the levels of several mediators that are generally considered anti-inflammatory (IL-4, 10 and 13) were reduced by olaparib. Plasma troponin-I levels (an indicator of skeletal muscle damage) was also attenuated by olaparib. Finally, olaparib stimulated wound healing. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib improves organ function, suppresses inflammatory responses and accelerates wound healing in murine burn injury. The data raise the potential utility of olaparib for severe burn injury. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabor Olah
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX, USA
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van de Ven M, van der Burg E, van der Gulden H, Klarenbeek S, Bouwman P, Jonkers J. Prophylactic window therapy with the clinical poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib delays BRCA1-deficient mammary tumour formation in mice. J Pathol 2017; 241:511-521. [PMID: 27943283 DOI: 10.1002/path.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van de Ven
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- MCCA Preclinical Intervention Unit; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke van der Gulden
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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de Gouvea ACRC, Garber JE. Breast Cancer Genetics. Breast Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McMahon M, Frangova TG, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR. Olaparib, Monotherapy or with Ionizing Radiation, Exacerbates DNA Damage in Normal Tissues: Insights from a New p21 Reporter Mouse. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1195-1203. [PMID: 27604276 PMCID: PMC5136472 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs targeting the DNA damage response are being developed as anticancer therapies, either as single agents or in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) or other cytotoxic agents. Numerous clinical trials in this area are either in progress or planned. However, concerns remain about the potential of such treatments to increase toxicity to normal tissues. In order to address this issue, a novel reporter mouse line was created through the simultaneous incorporation of multiple reporters, β-galactosidase, and firefly luciferase, into the DNA damage-inducible p21 (CDKN1A) locus. The data demonstrate that in situ β-galactosidase staining facilitates high fidelity mapping of p21 expression across multiple organs and tissues at single-cell resolution, whereas the luciferase reporter permits noninvasive bioluminescent imaging of p21 expression. This model was used to determine the capacity of a number of DNA-damaging agents, including IR, cisplatin, and etoposide to induce p21 expression in normal tissues. In addition, the PARP inhibitor olaparib was examined alone or in combination with IR as well as cisplatin. A single exposure to olaparib alone caused DNA damage to cells in the mucosal layer lining mouse large intestine. It also exacerbated DNA damage induced in this organ and the kidney by coadministered IR. These studies suggest that olaparib has carcinogenic potential and illustrate the power of this new model to evaluate the safety of new therapeutic regimens involving combination therapies. IMPLICATIONS Olaparib causes DNA damage to normal tissues and might be a carcinogen. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1195-203. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McMahon
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Tania G Frangova
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Henderson
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - C Roland Wolf
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Prevention is an essential component of cancer eradication. Next-generation sequencing of cancer genomes and epigenomes has defined large numbers of driver mutations and molecular subgroups, leading to therapeutic advances. By comparison, there is a relative paucity of such knowledge in premalignant neoplasia, which inherently limits the potential to develop precision prevention strategies. Studies on the interplay between germ-line and somatic events have elucidated genetic processes underlying premalignant progression and preventive targets. Emerging data hint at the immune system's ability to intercept premalignancy and prevent cancer. Genetically engineered mouse models have identified mechanisms by which genetic drivers and other somatic alterations recruit inflammatory cells and induce changes in normal cells to create and interact with the premalignant tumor microenvironment to promote oncogenesis and immune evasion. These studies are currently limited to only a few lesion types and patients. In this Perspective, we advocate a large-scale collaborative effort to systematically map the biology of premalignancy and the surrounding cellular response. By bringing together scientists from diverse disciplines (e.g., biochemistry, omics, and computational biology; microbiology, immunology, and medical genetics; engineering, imaging, and synthetic chemistry; and implementation science), we can drive a concerted effort focused on cancer vaccines to reprogram the immune response to prevent, detect, and reject premalignancy. Lynch syndrome, clonal hematopoiesis, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia which also serve as models for inherited syndromes, blood, and viral premalignancies, are ideal scenarios in which to launch this initiative.
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45
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Nolan E, Vaillant F, Branstetter D, Pal B, Giner G, Whitehead L, Lok SW, Mann GB, Rohrbach K, Huang LY, Soriano R, Smyth GK, Dougall WC, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ. RANK ligand as a potential target for breast cancer prevention in BRCA1-mutation carriers. Nat Med 2016; 22:933-9. [PMID: 27322743 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who have mutations in the breast-cancer-susceptibility gene BRCA1 (hereafter referred to as BRCA1-mutation carriers) frequently undergo prophylactic mastectomy to minimize their risk of breast cancer. The identification of an effective prevention therapy therefore remains a 'holy grail' for the field. Precancerous BRCA1(mut/+) tissue harbors an aberrant population of luminal progenitor cells, and deregulated progesterone signaling has been implicated in BRCA1-associated oncogenesis. Coupled with the findings that tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; also known as RANKL) is a key paracrine effector of progesterone signaling and that RANKL and its receptor TNFRSF11A (also known as RANK) contribute to mammary tumorigenesis, we investigated a role for this pathway in the pre-neoplastic phase of BRCA1-mutation carriers. We identified two subsets of luminal progenitors (RANK(+) and RANK(-)) in histologically normal tissue of BRCA1-mutation carriers and showed that RANK(+) cells are highly proliferative, have grossly aberrant DNA repair and bear a molecular signature similar to that of basal-like breast cancer. These data suggest that RANK(+) and not RANK(-) progenitors are a key target population in these women. Inhibition of RANKL signaling by treatment with denosumab in three-dimensional breast organoids derived from pre-neoplastic BRCA1(mut/+) tissue attenuated progesterone-induced proliferation. Notably, proliferation was markedly reduced in breast biopsies from BRCA1-mutation carriers who were treated with denosumab. Furthermore, inhibition of RANKL in a Brca1-deficient mouse model substantially curtailed mammary tumorigenesis. Taken together, these findings identify a targetable pathway in a putative cell-of-origin population in BRCA1-mutation carriers and implicate RANKL blockade as a promising strategy in the prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nolan
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - François Vaillant
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Bhupinder Pal
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Göknur Giner
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Imaging Laboratory, Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheau W Lok
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory B Mann
- The Breast Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kathy Rohrbach
- Department of Pathology, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Li-Ya Huang
- Department of Pathology, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rosalia Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jane E Visvader
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Familial Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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46
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Moghadasi S, Eccles DM, Devilee P, Vreeswijk MPG, van Asperen CJ. Classification and Clinical Management of Variants of Uncertain Significance in High Penetrance Cancer Predisposition Genes. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:331-6. [PMID: 26777316 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2008, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) proposed a system for classifying sequence variants in highly penetrant breast and colon cancer susceptibility genes, linked to clinical actions. This system uses a multifactorial likelihood model to calculate the posterior probability that an altered DNA sequence is pathogenic. Variants between 5%-94.9% (class 3) are categorized as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). This interval is wide and might include variants with a substantial difference in pathogenicity at either end of the spectrum. We think that carriers of class 3 variants would benefit from a fine-tuning of this classification. Classification of VUS to a category with a defined clinical significance is very important because for carriers of a pathogenic mutation full surveillance and risk-reducing surgery can reduce cancer incidence. Counselees who are not carriers of a pathogenic mutation can be discharged from intensive follow-up and avoid unnecessary risk-reducing surgery. By means of examples, we show how, in selected cases, additional data can lead to reclassification of some variants to a different class with different recommendations for surveillance and therapy. To improve the clinical utility of this classification system, we suggest a pragmatic adaptation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Moghadasi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, SO16 5YA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike P G Vreeswijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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47
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Walcott FL, Patel J, Lubet R, Rodriguez L, Calzone KA. Hereditary cancer syndromes as model systems for chemopreventive agent development. Semin Oncol 2016; 43:134-145. [PMID: 26970132 PMCID: PMC10433689 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Research in chemoprevention has undergone a shift in emphasis for pragmatic reasons from large, phase III randomized studies to earlier phase studies focused on safety, mechanisms, and utilization of surrogate endpoints such as biomarkers instead of cancer incidence. This transition permits trials to be conducted in smaller populations and at substantially reduced costs while still yielding valuable information. This article will summarize some of the current chemoprevention challenges and the justification for the use of animal models to facilitate identification and testing of chemopreventive agents as illustrated though four inherited cancer syndromes. Preclinical models of inherited cancer syndromes serve as prototypical systems in which chemopreventive agents can be developed for ultimate application to both the sporadic and inherited cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana L Walcott
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jigar Patel
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Lubet
- Consultant to National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luz Rodriguez
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, Gastrointestinal & Other Cancers Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen A Calzone
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Genetics Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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48
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Abstract
The hallmarks of premalignant lesions were first described in the 1970s, a time when relatively little was known about the molecular underpinnings of cancer. Yet it was clear there must be opportunities to intervene early in carcinogenesis. A vast array of molecular information has since been uncovered, with much of this stemming from studies of existing cancer or cancer models. Here, examples of how an understanding of cancer biology has informed cancer prevention studies are highlighted and emerging areas that may have implications for the field of cancer prevention research are described. A note of caution accompanies these examples, in that while there are similarities, there are also fundamental differences between the biology of premalignant lesions or premalignant conditions and invasive cancer. These differences must be kept in mind, and indeed leveraged, when exploring potential cancer prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA..
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49
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Martínez-Bosch N, Fernández-Zapico ME, Navarro P, Yélamos J. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases: New Players in the Pathogenesis of Exocrine Pancreatic Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 186:234-41. [PMID: 26687988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes were initially characterized as sensors of DNA breaks but are now known to play key roles not only in the DNA damage response but also in regulating numerous molecular processes, such as gene transcription. Furthermore, these polymerases have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, providing promising therapeutic targets for pathologies such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In recent years, PARPs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and PARP inhibition has been proposed as a valuable strategy for treating these two important gastrointestinal tract disorders. For instance, in preclinical mouse models, pancreatitis was significantly attenuated after genetic or pharmacological PARP inactivation, and several clinical trials have demonstrated promising responses to PARP inhibitors in pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of PARP functions in these two dismal pathologies and discuss the next steps necessary to determine whether PARP inhibitors will finally make the difference in treating pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martínez-Bosch
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin E Fernández-Zapico
- Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pilar Navarro
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Yélamos
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Canfield K, Li J, Wilkins OM, Morrison MM, Ung M, Wells W, Williams CR, Liby KT, Vullhorst D, Buonanno A, Hu H, Schiff R, Cook RS, Kurokawa M. Receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB4 mediates acquired resistance to ERBB2 inhibitors in breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:648-55. [PMID: 25590338 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.994966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of breast cancers overexpress and depend on the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2, one of 4 ERBB family members. Targeted therapies directed against ERBB2 have been developed and used clinically, but many patients continue to develop resistance to such therapies. Although much effort has been focused on elucidating the mechanisms of acquired resistance to ERBB2-targeted therapies, the involvement of ERBB4 remains elusive and controversial. We demonstrate that genetic ablation of ERBB4, but not ERBB1-3, led to apoptosis in lapatinib-resistant cells, suggesting that the efficacy of pan-ERBB inhibitors was, at least in part, mediated by the inhibition of ERBB4. Moreover, ERBB4 was upregulated at the protein level in ERBB2+ breast cancer cell lines selected for acquired lapatinib resistance in vitro and in MMTV-Neu mice following prolonged lapatinib treatment. Knockdown of ERBB4 caused a decrease in AKT phosphorylation in resistant cells but not in sensitive cells, suggesting that ERBB4 activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in lapatinib-resistant cells. Importantly, ERBB4 knockdown triggered apoptosis not only in lapatinib-resistant cells but also in trastuzumab-resistant cells. Our results suggest that although ERBB4 is dispensable for naïve ERBB2+ breast cancer cells, it may play a key role in the survival of ERBB2+ cancer cells after they develop resistance to ERBB2 inhibitors, lapatinib and trastuzumab.
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Key Words
- EGFR
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular regulated kinase
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor
- HER2
- HER3
- HER4
- Herceptin
- MTS, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
- Q-VD-OPh, quinolyl-valyl-O-methylaspartyl-[2,6-difluoro-phenoxy]-methyl ketone
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
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